diff --git "a/web_crawled_data.csv" "b/web_crawled_data.csv" --- "a/web_crawled_data.csv" +++ "b/web_crawled_data.csv" @@ -1,19096 +1,3 @@ -title,text,date -Panno (typeface) - Wikipedia,"Panno is a Latin sans-serif typeface designed by Dutch typeface designer, Pieter van Rosmalen. It is one of two typefaces specially designed for South Korean traffic signs. (The other being Hangil, the Hangul counterpart.) - Panno Sign is the first variant to be commercially released. Normal and rounded forms are available, and each form has two weights - Negative and Positive - to use against dark and bright backgrounds respectively. - Panno Text is another commercial variant. It has six weights, and each weight has an italic form. - Currently, Panno has no glyph other than Latin letters and Hindu–Arabic numbers. - Hangil, a Hangul typeface designed for South Korean traffic signs, employs Panno for the Latin and numeral portion. - Panno is one of the results of the South Korean traffic sign reform, along with Hangil. The typeface, called Hangil E-type (E as in English) within the package, also has a condensed form. It replaced a Latin grotesque typeface accompanied to Sandoll Gothic. - Cleveland Magazine uses Panno Text for their design. - Panno Text is the official font of Ghent University. - This typography-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:11:59 -Mary Isenhour - Wikipedia," - Mary Isenhour is an American political strategist, campaign manager, and government official. She was the Chief of Staff for Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf. Prior to the Wolf administration, Isenhour served executive director of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, was state director of Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign, and assisted with the successful campaigns of U.S. Senator Bob Casey, Jr. and Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell. She now serves with the firm Rooney Novak Isenhour, LLC and is a member of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board. - Isenhour also previously worked as executive director of the Pennsylvania House Democratic Campaign Committee, and started a political consulting firm with former state party chairman T.J. Rooney. In 2010, PoliticsPA called her ""one of the top consultants in the state"",[1] and said, ""few can move between the strategy of campaigning and its mechanics with the ease that she does"".[2] - Starting her career working on the Kansas House of Representatives staff, Isenhour eventually becoming chief of staff to House Minority Leader Tom Sawyer, and then director of the Democratic Party's Kansas Coordinated Campaign for legislative races. She worked as the national political director for the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee before starting her Pennsylvania political career in 1999. - A Kansas native,[3] Isenhour attended the University of Kansas.[1][4] She began her political career as a staffer in the Kansas House of Representatives.[3][5][6] In 1990 she worked as a legislative aide to House Minority Leader Marvin Barkis,[7] and the following year was an administrative assistant to House Majority Leader Donna Whiteman.[8] From 1991 to 1995, Isenhour served as Chief of Staff to House Minority Leader Tom Sawyer,[5][9][10] where she worked with Democratic and Republican lawmakers alike to advance legislation, served as a liaison between Sawyer and other officials, and worked with members of leadership and committees to develop legislative strategies and build coalitions.[5] In 1992, Isenhour was the director of the Democratic Party's Kansas Coordinated Campaign for legislative races,[11][12] both in the state House and Senate.[13] Those races included more than three dozen candidates by July 1992.[11] - From 1995 to 1999,[5][14][15] Isenhour served as the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee's national political director, based in Washington D.C.[6][15] In that capacity, she worked with legislative leaders and caucus campaign staff in more 15 states to help win or preserve Democratic majorities in state legislatures.[1] In 1996, she worked in Iowa to help orchestrate the Democratic legislative campaigns in that the Iowa General Assembly,[16][17] partnering with Iowa Senate Majority Leader Wally Horn and other key legislative Democrats to improving the party's position. She described it as an attempt to avoid a repeat of 1994 elections, in which Democrats suffered major losses in both federal and state offices during the Republican Revolution.[16] Isenhour said of those elections:[17][18] - We were off track. We let the Republicans define what the message was, and they had the same message from top to bottom. ... Now it's our turn, and we're talking about what Democrats have always been about: that we stick up for the little guy. We've gone on the offensive instead of the defensive. Isenhour also managed Sawyer's campaign for the bid for Kansas governor in 1998.[19][20] Sawyer won the Democratic nomination, but ultimately lost in a landslide to the popular Republican incumbent, Bill Graves.[21] - Isenhour began her Pennsylvania political career in 1999, when she became executive director of the Pennsylvania House Democratic Campaign Committee, helping to get Democratic candidates elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.[6][22] She held the position until 2003.[5][14] Isenhour assisted with Bob Casey, Jr.'s successful 2006 campaign against Republican incumbent Rick Santorum,[23] served as political adviser to state House Democratic Leader Frank Dermody,[1] and ran Governor Ed Rendell's successful 2006 re-election campaign against challenger Lynn Swann,[15][24] after which she helped plan Rendell's 2007 inauguration.[25] Rendell appointed her to the Pennsylvania Community Service Advisory Board.[1] - Isenhour worked for the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, serving as an aide and political adviser to T.J. Rooney, the state party chairman.[26][27] In 2007, she became executive director of the party,[5][6][14] replacing Don Morabito, who took a position in the Rendell administration.[26] The party enjoyed much success during her time there, controlling the Governor's office, three of four statewide row offices, two U.S. Senators, a majority in the State House, and picking up five seats in the Congressional delegation.[1] She served as director of PA Victory, a statewide coordinated campaign effort.[1] Isenhour was also chosen as the Pennsylvania state director for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign,[3][6][14] after Rendell recommended her for the position.[27] There was talk of Isenhour continuing to work with the Clinton administration after the primary, but she instead returned to her position with the Pennsylvania Democratic Party.[28] - In 2008, Isenhour and Rooney met with MSNBC news commentator Chris Matthews to discuss the possibility of Matthews running against Republican U.S. Senator Arlen Specter, although he ultimately did not run.[29] Also that year, Isenhour and her Republican counterpart Luke Bernstein, executive director of the Republican Party of Pennsylvania, together taught a class about presidential elections at the Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Isenhour and Bernstein both believed it was the first class of its type, and said the two had a very cordial relationship despite representing opposite political parties.[23] Isenhour also taught about electoral politics at other educational institutions, including the University of Pennsylvania, Central Penn College and The Washington Center.[1] - In July 2010, after more than seven years leading the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, Isenhour and Rooney started the political consulting firm Isenhour Rooney Strategies,[1] which later became Isenhour Rooney and Carey.[5][2] Also in 2010, Isenhour was the only woman named to the PoliticsPA's Pennsylvania Top 10 Influencers List by Campaigns and Elections,[1] PoliticsPA also called her ""one of the top consultants in the state"",[1][2] and said ""few can move between the strategy of campaigning and its mechanics with the ease that she does"".[2] Among the candidates she advised was Rob Teplitz in his successful campaign for Pennsylvania State Senate in 2012.[2] Eisenhour served on the board of Planned Parenthood of Pennsylvania.[30] - Isenhour was an early supporter of Pennsylvania gubernatorial candidate Tom Wolf, and became Wolf's senior campaign adviser during his 2014 campaign,[15] at a time when state Representative Allyson Schwartz and state Treasurer Rob McCord were considered to have better chances of winning.[31] Isenhour, who had long been acquainted with Wolf,[32] had not intended to become involved with a lengthy and work-intensive gubernatorial campaign, but said she was convinced to do so after an hour-long phone conversation with Wolf in 2013, after which she was convinced he was the right man for the job: ""I've been in politics 30 years and I've never had a candidate like this.""[33] Isenhour maintained other clients during his campaign, but said Wolf was ""my main focus for the next year and a half"".[32] After Wolf's successful election, Isenhour co-chaired his inaugural committee,[34][35] then worked as his Secretary of Legislative Affairs,[25][31] serving as a liaison during negotiating sessions at the Pennsylvania General Assembly, and providing key planning during the governor's budget strategy.[24] Political reporter John L. Micek wrote of Isenhour: ""She is in the unique position of having to work with Republicans she once ran campaigns against.""[36] Her annual salary in the position was $145,018.[15] Isenhour developed a reputation for communicating and building relationships with legislative leaders and staff members from both parties.[6][24] - In July 2015, Isenhour replaced Katie McGinty as Wolf's Chief of Staff, after McGinty resigned six months into her tenure to pursue a campaign for U.S. Senate.[3][24][31] Wolf called Isenhour ""one of my closest advisors"" and ""a valuable part of my administration"",[14] and said she ""really understands how the politics of this place actually works.""[6][24] The selection was praised by both parties, including House and Senate Republicans, who expressed hope she would be less adversarial than McGinty.[6] The Butler Eagle wrote an editorial criticizing the appointment due to her position on the Planned Parenthood of Pennsylvania board, in light of a national controversy over undercover videos about the group's alleged sale of aborted fetal body parts.[30] Isenhour came into the Chief of Staff position more than three weeks into a budget impasse between Wolf and the Republican-controlled General Assembly.[6][24] - In October 2015, four months into the state budget impasse, Isenhour issued a memo notifying Wolf's administration of a hiring freeze and travel ban.[37] On February 3, 2016, Isenhour notified the state Public Employee Retirement Commission that, under Wolf's orders, all employment of its staff would be discontinued. State Representatives Stephen Bloom of Cumberland County and Seth Grove of York County have filed a lawsuit against Wolf challenging that action, arguing the governor lacks the power to dissolve the commission and acted contrary to the Pennsylvania Constitution.[38] - On February 15, 2019, Governor Wolf nominated Isenhour to a seat on the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board. She was confirmed by the state Senate on June 19, 2019 and became the first female to serve on the board.[39] - Isenhour is married to Bill Patton,[1][40] former chief of staff to Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives Dennis M. O'Brien.[40] They reside in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She has a cat named Hank and enjoys cooking.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:12:03 -Continuity Man - Wikipedia," - Continuity Man is a 1964 Australian TV play. It was based on a script by Peter Nichols about a continuity man.[2] It was directed by Storry Walton. - It had been filmed for British TV in 1963 starring Roger Livesey.[3] - Don is the continuity man on a British TV show. His wife Roz is a dress designer. - The Sydney Morning Herald wrote the topic of the play ""demands a quicker reconciliation than is entirely credible within the time span of a short television play"" and felt that why John Gray ""was as exasperatingly chirpy as the part demanded, and perhaps more so"" the producer Storry Walton ""did not succeed in drawing performances of matching conviction and assurance from his other players"".[4] - Val Marshall who wrote for the Sunday edition of the same paper called it ""another piece of first class guff... a well-mounted well-dressed hour of rubbish"" in which ""none of the four person cast... seemed comfortable"" but which still featured ""one of the handsomest sets yet seen in a locally produced modern drama, a contemporary apartment authentic in detail right down to the Japanese wallpaper and the potted rubber tree.""[5] - The Age called it ""one of the most viewable comedies to come our way from Sydney.""[6] - - This article related to an Australian made-for-TV movie is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:07 -Recurring Dream (album) - Wikipedia," - Recurring Dream: The Very Best of Crowded House, usually abbreviated to Recurring Dream, is a compilation album by rock group Crowded House, released in 1996. It includes most of their singles, as well as three new songs, ""Not the Girl You Think You Are"", ""Instinct"", and ""Everything Is Good for You"".[9] - Crowded House were touring in support of their album Together Alone, when after a concert in Atlanta on 14 April 1994, drummer Paul Hester decided to leave the band.[10] He was eventually replaced by Peter Jones.[11] The band completed the tour and returned to Australia where bandleader Neil Finn began writing songs for their next album, provisionally titled Help Is Coming. During this time he also wrote and recorded the album Finn with his brother Tim Finn.[11] At a press conference in 1996, at which the release of Recurring Dream was announced, Neil Finn revealed that Crowded House were to split up. The June concerts in Europe and Canada would be their final shows.[12] - The collection was released in June 1996 and features four songs from each of the group's four studio albums, as well as the three new songs. Hester returned to play on these songs, but despite this he is not credited as a full band member on the album sleeve, which reads, ""Performed by Crowded House (Neil Finn, Nick Seymour and Mark Hart) with Paul Hester."" The new photos on the album sleeve only show Neil Finn, Seymour and Hart, although Hester and Tim Finn both appear several times in a collage of old band photos. The wording on the album implies that Hart played on all 19 tracks. In fact he only became a full band member on their fourth album Together Alone, although he did receive an 'additional keyboards' credit for unspecified tracks on the album Woodface. Hester may not appear on the song ""Weather with You"", because Ricky Fataar is credited with drums on that track on the Woodface sleeve. - The album's title Recurring Dream, is also the name of a song written in 1985, when the group were still known as 'The Mullanes', by Finn, Hester, Seymour and the band's then guitarist Craig Hooper. The song ""Recurring Dream"" was not included on this compilation, but was later featured on Afterglow, Crowded House's 1999 rarities collection. At the 1997 ARIA Music Awards, Recurring Dream won in the 'Highest Selling Album' category.[13] The award was presented by Dave Graney who joked in his presentation speech that it's, ""Sometimes just about the money!"" - The album's cover was painted by bassist Nick Seymour. Like Together Alone and Temple of Low Men it features a red car. The cover also shows an electric fan, an item which appeared on the sleeve of their debut album. The bare chested man on the album cover appears to be Seymour himself. - Three new tracks were recorded specially for Recurring Dream by Finn, Seymour, Hart and Hester. ""Everything Is Good for You"", ""Instinct"" and ""Not the Girl You Think You Are"" were recorded at York Street Studios in Auckland, New Zealand and were produced by Finn, Mitchell Froom and Tchad Blake. In a 2006 interview, Neil Finn said of ""Everything Is Good for You"", ""The philosophy of the song is slightly obscure in the verses, but really it's about not allowing regrets to rule your life. But it's also got a sense of humour. There's a wryness to it. It's not a message song particularly.""[9] - Of ""Instinct"" he said, ""I did a demo of it at home. It's just built on a bass riff...I put down a drum track, put a bass track to it and had it around for about a month. The lyrics are, as it turns out, extremely appropriate for the time: Nearly time to flick the switch/Hanging by a single stitch/Laughing at the stony face of gloom. I mean, in a way it was an instinctive decision for me to discontinue working with the band. My stomach told me to do it, so that's what the song is about: recognizing those moments and having the desire to follow it through.""[9] - Of ""Not the Girl You Think You Are"" he said, ""I wrote that with the assistance of an Optigan keyboard, which is a weird old antique from the '60s, a trashy antique. It's a machine that reads optical discs, the most primitive form of sampling from the '60s. I had found piano loops on it that I just put a sequence together from and I wrote the song in 10 minutes on top of it.""[9] - Due to this compilation being superseded by The Very Very Best of Crowded House in 2010 and ""Everything Is Good for You"" being omitted from that album, all three tracks were included on the 2016 deluxe edition of Afterglow. - All songs were written by Neil Finn, except where noted. - Recurring Dream was also released as a two-disc version, the second disc being titled Special Edition Live Album. The songs were selected by Split Enz bassist Nigel Griggs, who was asked to do the job by Neil Finn, according to the album's sleeve notes. Just days after he accepted the job, hundreds of cassettes of Crowded House performances arrived for him to evaluate. The recordings he chose were not remixed or adjusted in any way before they were put on the album. Only four of the tracks from the main album had their live versions included on the second disc. - Five of the live album's songs are from the same concert, at The Civic Theatre in Newcastle, Australia. Other songs from this performance have appeared as B-sides, including ""Chocolate Cake"" on the ""Instinct"" single. The recording of ""Fingers of Love"" comes from Paul Hester's final show, in Atlanta, before he quit the band. - The album is performed by Neil Finn, Nick Seymour, Paul Hester and Mark Hart, apart from tracks 7, 8, 9 and 10 which feature Tim Finn rather than Hart. - * Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. - General - Specific -",2023-08-26 17:12:11 -"Williamson House (Goshen, New Hampshire) - Wikipedia","The Williamson House is a historic house on Messer Road in Goshen, New Hampshire. Built about 1850, it is one of a cluster of plank-frame houses in the town, and is unusual in that group for its framing style. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.[1] - The Williamson House is located in a rural setting in northern Goshen, on the north side of a bend in Messer Road, about 0.4 miles (0.64 km) east of Nutting Road. It is a 1+1⁄2-story wooden house, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. It is distinct in Goshen's cluster of plank-frame houses in its use of two-inch planking instead of the more typical three inches. The walls are further likely to be load-bearing, as the house lacks corner posts, and are pinned to the frame rather than the more typical mortise-and-tenon method seen in other such houses. The main block is five bays wide and four deep, with an attached ell that is four bays by three. The main facade has five irregularly spaced sash windows, with the main entrance located in the front of the ell, which is sheltered by a shed-roof porch. - The house was built about 1850, probably for Isaac Messer, who is known to have lived here by 1860. The property remained in the Messer family until the 1940s. Outbuildings on the property include a small sugar house (behind the main house), and a barn (across the road).[2] -",2023-08-26 17:12:14 -Arbach (Swabian Rezat) - Wikipedia,"Arbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Swabian Rezat near Pleinfeld in the Middle Franconian district Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen. - The Arbach rises at an altitude of 462 m (1,516 ft) above sea level at Walting in Pleinfeld and feeds there the pond Bachweiher. To the north-east of the wood field sector Totenleite, it is fed on its right side by the Arbachgraben, which is coming from the north from Kreisstraße WUG 16 . It flows further north along the Celtic Viereckschanze and then south of the hill Weingartner Berg (467 m (1,532 ft) above sea level) and finally flows at a height of 373 m (1,224 ft) above sea level in Pleinfeld, north of the street Zollgasse, from the right into the Swabian Rezat. - - This article related to a river in Bavaria is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:18 -Reba McEntire albums discography - Wikipedia," - The albums discography of American country singer Reba McEntire contains 32 studio albums, 25 compilation albums, two live albums, three extended plays and has appeared on 27 albums. Of these albums, 27 have received a certification of at least Gold from the Recording Industry Association of America. Her highest-certified album is the 1993 compilation Greatest Hits Volume Two, which is certified quintuple-platinum for U.S. shipments of five million copies. According to RIAA, she has sold 41 million certified albums in the United States, making her the seventh best selling female album artist in the United States.[1] - Widely recognized as the ""Queen of Country"" by various media outlets,[2] she has sold an estimated 90 million records worldwide throughout her career, making her the 2nd best selling female country artist in history.[3][4] Country Music Hall of Fame hailed McEntire as ""the most successful female country performer of her generation"".[5] She has scored 13 number one albums on Billboard's Top Country Albums, one of the most by any country artist ever.[6] Rolling Stone listed her as the 36th Greatest Country Artist of all time.[7] Billboard also listed her as the 44th Top Country Artist of the 2010s.[8] -",2023-08-26 17:12:21 -Bikorn Lake - Wikipedia,"Bikorn Lake (Bulgarian: езеро Бикорна, romanized: ezero Bikorna, IPA: ['ɛzɛro bi'kɔrnɐ]) is the lake occupying most of the interior of Treklyano Island off the northeast coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It extends 205 m in west-northwest to east-southeast direction and 137 m in south–north direction, with a surface area of 1.46 ha, and is separated from the waters of Nelson Strait by a 21 to 70 m wide strip of land. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.[1] - The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling a bicorne hat ('bikorn' in Bulgarian). - Bikorn Lake is centred at  WikiMiniAtlas62°22′05″S 59°24′31.5″W / 62.36806°S 59.408750°W / -62.36806; -59.408750,[2] which is 3.18 km east of Ugarchin Point and 1.58 km west of Smirnenski Point. British mapping of the area in 1968 and Bulgarian in 2009. - This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission. - - This Robert Island location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:25 -East Hardwick - Wikipedia," - East Hardwick is a village and civil parish in the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 191,[2] reducing to 173 at the 2011 Census.[1] -Until 1974 it was part of Osgoldcross Rural District. - The name 'East Hardwick' has its origins in Old English. The 'East' distinguishes it from West Hardwick, and 'Hardwick' comes from the Old English phrase heorde-wīc, meaning a herd farm or a farm for livestock.[3] It adjoins the line of the Roman Great North Road now linking Pontefract to the North with the A1 and Doncaster in the south.[4] - The Domesday Book does not record the village, but documents from 1120 refer to a Herdwica, and in 1296 as Herdwyk. The name means herd farm, an area used for livestock instead of arable farming. The version spelled as East Hardwick first appeared in 1424.[5] - The township, later civil parish of East Hardwick, lies in the ecclesiastical parish of Pontefract.[6] It became an independent parish in 1871 and its church record dates from 1874.[7] It is 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Pontefract, and 9.5 miles (15.3 km) east of Wakefield.[8] - The earliest map dates from 1800 when the open fields were being enclosed. Two farms: Manor Farm and Norman's farm extended over 150 acres and records show cattle farming as well as wheat, oats, barley, potatoes and pea production.[7] - In 1820, the Leeds to Barnsdale Bar turnpike opened through East Hardwick. This avoided traffic from Leeds having to travel through Garforth and Ferrybridge to get on the Great North Road going south. Tolls were collected until 1878.[9][10] - Today East Hardwick consists of three main areas: the Kennels, around Doncaster Road, the hamlet of Hundhill, and the main part of the village located along Darrington road, a small winding road leading to the what is known locally as 'the Moor'. The village is still based around farming, although it is now a mixed community of residents.[11] - The A639 road cuts through the western portion of the village, linking the settlement with Pontefract to the north and the A1 and Doncaster to the south-east.[12] - There is also a small church, St Stephen's, and a village hall.[13] - Until 1974 the village was part of Osgoldcross Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire.[14] It is now part of Wakefield Metropolitan District in West Yorkshire.[15] It is represented at Westminster as part of the Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford Constituency.[16] - Media related to East Hardwick at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:12:28 -Richard Bell (Virginia politician) - Wikipedia,"Richard Preston ""Dickie"" Bell (born October 26, 1946) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2010-2020, representing the 20th district, which includes parts of Augusta, Highland, and Rockingham counties, and the city of Staunton, where Bell resides.[1] - Bell did not seek reelection in the 2019 election.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:12:32 -Layneker Zafra - Wikipedia,"Layneker Evelio Zafra Martínez (born May 23, 1986 in San Cristóbal), known as Layneker Zafra or simply Zafra, is a Venezuelan footballer who plays as defender at Deportivo Táchira.[1] - This biographical article related to a football defender from Venezuela is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:35 -Sonni Ogbuoji - Wikipedia," - Sonni Ogbuoji is a Nigerian politician who was elected Senator for Ebonyi South, in Ebonyi State, Nigeria in the 9 April 2011 national elections. He was elected on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) ticket.[1] He left the senate in the 2019. Sonni hails from Ebunwana Edda in Afikpo South local government area of Ebonyi state. - Ogbuoji was the local government chairman of Afikpo local government area during the military regime before the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic.[2] - Ogbuoji was Commissioner for Economic Empowerment and Poverty Reduction in the government of Martin Elechi. -In this role he supervised construction and stocking of 35 catfish ponds in an effort to provide youth employment.[3] -In November 2010 Ogbuoji, resigned from this post.[4] -He remained the Ebonyi coordinator for the Goodluck / Sambo Presidential campaign.[5] - Ogbuoji won 65,735 votes in the April 2011 senatorial election for Ebonyi South. -Idu Igariwey of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) followed with 16,501 and Darlington Okere of the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) got 11,602.[1] - He was born on 29 September 1954 to late Mr. Ogbu Nnachi Oji and Mrs. Mary Mai Oji of Ebunwana, Afikpo South (Edda) LGA, Ebonyi State and attended Edda Central School, Ebunwana between 1964 and 1970. He attended Government College Umuahia, between 1971 and 1975 and University of Nigeria, Nsukka, between 1976 and 1981 with bachelor's degree in Agriculture.[6] - Elected Chairman of old Afikpo Local Government (Afikpo North and South) -Elected pioneer Chairman of Afikpo South LGA 1991-1993 -National Publicity Secretary of the defunct GDM (1996-1998). -Chairman of Ebonyi State Secondary Education Board 2003-2006 -Member, Ebonyi State Committee on Vision 20:20:20 (2009) -Commissioner for Economic Empowerment and Poverty Reduction 2009 -Senator representing Ebonyi South (2011-2015) -Second Term Senator (2015-2019) -Board member, Nigerian Shippers' Council (NSC) -Board member, Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) -In the Senate -Vice Chairman: Senate Committees on Appropriations and Special Duties -Membership: Agriculture, Education, Defence, Air Force, Foreign Affairs, Poverty Alleviation, Senate Services, SDGs, States and Local Governments.[6] - Fellow of Technology by Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Fellow of Technology by Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana -Vocational Service Award by Rotary Club of AfikpoMerit Award by Nigerian Institute of Animal Science -Ebonyi Ambassador by Ebonyi Professionals Forum -Award of Excellence by National Association of Imo State Students -U.IMerit Award by Animal Science Association of Nigeria, South East Zone1 -Omeudo of Amangwu Edda (Peace Maker) -Agubata of Umunna Edda (Strength of a Lion) -Ochioha of Oso and Ebunwana Edda (Leader of the people) -Enyioha of Etiti Edda (Friend of the Masses) -Onioku of Oziza, Afikpo (The giver of light) -Omereoha of Akpoha, Afikpo (The Philanthropist) -Ife Edda The light of Edda people[6] - Ogbuoji enjoys playing the tennis, travelling and reading.[6] He is married to Scholastica Ugo Ogbuoji and has two sons.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:12:38 -James Hunter Audrain - Wikipedia,"James Hunter Audrain (December 29, 1781 – November 10, 1831) was a Colonel of Militia who served during the War of 1812. Audrain County, Missouri, was named for him.[1] - Audrain was born in 1781 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. He married Mary Elizabeth Wells (1785–1834) on 12 December 1806 in Louisville, Kentucky. They had nine children.[2] - He settled in the Six Mile District, near Fort Osage, Missouri, in 1810, going into business with his brother Francois.[3] - In the report of the Northwestern Army, in an expedition against the Massassineway villages led by Lieut. Col. John B. Campbell, Audrain was listed as one of eight ""spies and guides."" This battle was the first major American victory of the War of 1812.[4] - He then lived in O'Fallon where he farmed, ran a tavern, and operated a gristmill on Peruque Creek called ""Bulls Hell Mill.""[5][6] - Later he settled in St. Charles County, Missouri, and was elected from there in 1830 to be a member of the State Legislature. He died on November 10, 1831[2] while visiting the home of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. -",2023-08-26 17:12:41 -"Pequea, Pennsylvania - Wikipedia"," - Pequea is an unincorporated community that is located in Martic Township in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is situated where Route 324 ends at the Susquehanna River, twelve miles south of Lancaster. - Sometime around 1877, Frederick Shoff and Paul Heine began turning Pequea, then more commonly known as Shoff's P.O., into a resort town, when the Columbia and Port Deposit Railroad began carrying passengers to the area. Shoff owned a sawmill and lumber yard and managed the York Furnace Power company.[2] - Between 1902 and 1903, Shoff built in the three-story, seventy-five-bedroom Riverview Hotel on the bank of the Susquehanna and then sold it to Heine in 1904. The hotel also had a dining room, banquet hall, summer garden, tennis courts, croquet courts, swings with canopies, and a miniature railway to York Furnace that used a steam locomotive that had been maufactured by Timothy Cagney and his brothers David and John.[2] - The Pequea Creek empties into the river in Pequea, which is pronounced ""Peckway."" The ZIP code is 17565. - Pequea has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and average monthly temperatures range from 31.0 °F in January to 75.4 °F in July.[3] The hardiness zone is 7a. - Shoff’s P.O. on 1899 map of Martic Township - River View Hotel, c. 1910 - Miniature railroad between Pequea and York Furnace, c. 1910 -",2023-08-26 17:12:45 -Nazia Sadiq - Wikipedia," - Nazia Sadiq (born 7 August 1976) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter and occasional wicket-keeper. She appeared in one Test match, nine One Day Internationals and three Twenty20 Internationals for Pakistan between 1997 and 2009. She played domestic cricket for Lahore and Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited.[1][2] - She holds the record for the longest interval between appearances in WODI history, at 11 years and 41 days, setting the record when she returned to play in 2009 against Ireland, with her last appearance being in 1998.[3][4] - This biographical article related to a Pakistani cricket person born in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:49 -Andrew Martin (computer scientist) - Wikipedia," -Andrew Martin is a British computer scientist at the University of Oxford, England, where he is Professor of Systems Security, Director of the Centre for Doctoral Training in Cyber Security [1] (2013-2023) and deputy director and lecturer in Software Engineering Programme.[2][3] -He is a member of the Oxford University Department of Computer Science. - He obtained BA in Mathematics and Computation (1986–1989) and DPhil in Machine-Assisted Theorem Proving for Software Engineering (1991–1994) from the University of Oxford.[2][3] - After his first degree, he joined Praxis High Integrity Systems, Bath as Industrial Software Engineer.[3] After his DPhil, he became Research Fellow at the Software Verification Research Centre in the University of Queensland in Australia.[3] Before taking up his current post in 1999, he was briefly a lecturer in the University of Southampton.[3] - Martin's publications cover software engineering, security, trusted computing in general and formal methods in particular [4][5] - - This article about a British scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to a computer scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:52 -Preston Young - Wikipedia,"Preston Young (born July 14, 1954) was a football player in the CFL for eight years. Preston played defensive back for the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Toronto Argonauts,[1] Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Montreal Concordes[2] from 1978 to 1985. He played college football at Simon Fraser University. - - This biographical article relating to a Canadian football defensive back is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:12:56 -In the Stone - Wikipedia,"""In the Stone"" is a song by R&B/funk band Earth, Wind & Fire issued as a single in 1979 on Columbia Records. The song rose to No. 23 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart. -[1][2] - ""In the Stone"" was produced by Maurice White, who composed the song with Allee Willis and David Foster. The single also came off Earth, Wind & Fire's 1979 album I Am.[1] - Phyl Garland of Stereo Review wrote ""In the Stone is less imaginative than many of Earth, Wind & Fire's previous efforts, but performing gusto compensates for the slim substance.""[3][4] -Ace Adams of the New York Daily News called ""In the Stone"" one of the album's ""best songs.""[5] Cash Box said it was ""an irresistable dancing cut"" that ""moves to a swinging mixture of catchy percussives and intricately woven harmonies.""[6] James Johnson of the Evening Standard proclaimed ""the slightly curious cosmic overtones of their lyrics remain in evidence on..In the Stone"".[7] - ""In the Stone"" was covered by Dionne Warwick on her 1981 album Hot! Live and Otherwise.[8] - “In the Stone” was covered on the album “Fly Away - the Songs of David Foster”, released in 2009 and sung by Bill Champlin. - “In the Stone"" was covered by Leonid and Friends for their 2022 tour. - ""In the Stone"" appeared on the soundtrack of the 2002 feature film Drumline.[9] - Production[10] - Engineers - Performers -",2023-08-26 17:12:59 -OMR Festival - Wikipedia,"The OMR Festival, known as the Online Marketing Rockstars Festival (OMR) is one of the world’s largest events for digital marketing and technology in 2017. Since its founding in 2011, the annual OMR Festival has taken place in Hamburg, Germany. The organizer of the event is Ramp 106 GmbH; the team of founders includes Philipp Westermeyer, Tobias Schlottke, Christian Müller and Christian Byza.[1] - The OMR Festival is organized into two parallel events: the Expo and Conference. - The OMR Expo is a two-day trade fair, which in 2018 consisted of more than 300 international exhibitors from the sectors of adtech, affiliate marketing, analytics, marketing attribution, consulting, content marketing, data, display marketing, eCommerce, email marketing, gaming, HR, IT, influencer marketing, marketing cloud, mobile advertising, native advertising, performance marketing, programmatic advertising, publisher, search engine marketing, social media marketing, software and video advertising. In conjunction with the Expo is a program of events, including stages with live presentations, a variety of 90-minute seminars on specific digital marketing topics called Masterclasses and an Expo party. In 2018, the OMR Expo welcomed more than 40,000 attendees.[2][3] - The OMR Conference is a one-day specialist conference focusing on digital marketing topics and traditionally takes place on the second day of the OMR Festival. In years past, a variety of international marketing experts have held presentations on the Conference Stage, including VaynerMedia founder Gary Vaynerchuk, Pinterest founder Evan Sharp, Youtuber Casey Neistat, BuzzFeed founder Jonah Peretti, Metallica founder Lars Ulrich, NYU Professor Scott Galloway and skateboarder Tony Hawk. The OMR Conference also includes the Aftershow Party. In 2018, 7500 people attended the OMR Conference.[2][3] - As a B2B trade fair, the OMR Festival is primarily aimed at CEOs, higher-ups and marketing managers from companies of all sizes, who seek information and exchange on the current possibilities and solutions in the digital marketing sector. - 2019 was a year of firsts for the OMR Festival. Instead of being scheduled in late February/March as usual, OMR19 moved to May for the first time, taking place on May 7 & 8, 2019. OMR19 also saw the first rendition of the Festival to take up six halls at the Hamburg Exhibition Center and cracked the 50,000-attendee mark (52,000) for the first time. The Expo portion of the Festival featured 400 exhibitors, 150 Masterclasses, 37 Guided Tours and 100 Side Events. Headlining the Conference on May 8 were New York Times' best-selling author Yuval Noah Harari, Endeavor executive Bozoma Saint John, Headspace CEO Andy Puddicombe, JD.Com CEO Bowen Zhou, The Atlantic journalist Taylor Lorenz and British recording artist Ellie Goulding. - The OMR Festival 2018 took place on March 22 & 23 in five halls, encompassing 65,000 square meters, at the Hamburg Exhibition Center. More than 40,000 people and 300 exhibitors from Europe and beyond attended the event. More than 300 speakers and presenters took part in 120 Masterclasses, on two Expo stages and at the Conference.[4] These included Andrus Ansip, Vice President of the European Commission, Nasty Gal founder Sophia Amoruso, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich, Fitness influencer and entrepreneur Kayla Itsines, En Marche campaign manager Guillaume Liegey, blogger Tim Urban (Wait But Why), Scott Galloway, L2 founder and professor the NYU Stern School of Business, Zalando founder Robert Gentz, Axel Springer SE boss Mathias Döpfner, influencer twins Lisa and Lena, star statistician Nate Silver, investor Frank Thelen, TV presenter Lena Gerke, Douglas CEO Tina Müller, Fashion Designer Magnus Walker, Facebook VP Ads & Business Platform Mark Rabkin and Chief Content Officer at Refinery29 Amy Emmerich.[5][6] - The OMR Festival 2017 took place on March 2 and 3, 2017 in three halls at the Hamburg Exhibition Center. Over 200 international exhibitors and approximately 26,000 visitors attended the seventh edition of the OMR Festival.[7] Speakers and guests included former Minister of Economics Brigitte Zypries (SPD) from Germany, entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk (VaynerMedia), Iron Maiden singer Bruce Dickinson, Youtuber Casey Neistat, old-school German rappers Beginner, Trivago founder Rolf Schrömgens, Facebook executive Andrew Bosworth[8] and Cambridge Analytica CEO Alexander Nix. - In 2016, the OMR Festival took place in two halls at the Hamburg Exhibition Center for the first time. 16,533 trade visitors attended the Conference and Expo on February 25 and 26, 2016. Approximately 4900 Conference attendees saw marketing professor Scott Galloway, skateboard legend Tony Hawk, ""My Little Paris"" founder Fany Péchiodat, Ströer COO Christian Schmalzl, Growth Hacking expert Neil Patel and musician Jan Delay and Udo Lindenberg speak on stage.[9] - From February 26 to 28, the OMR Conference was expanded to include the OMR Expo, with 50 exhibitors taking part in the format’s first ever rendition. The OMR Conference took place over two days at the Stage Theater im Hafen, while the Expo was held at the Millerntor-Stadion. The Conference and Expo attracted a total of 2500 industry professionals. On stage were, among others, founder mayor of Hamburg Olaf Scholz, digital marketing experts Gary Vaynerchuk, Pinterest founder Evan Sharp, Thales Teixeira, professor for business administration at Harvard School and Benjamin Bak, founder of Lovoo.[10] - In 2014, the Online Marketing Rockstars Conference took place on February 21 at the Stage-Theater im Hafen and was attended by 2000 people. The agenda consisted of 20 speakers, including BuzzFeed founder Jonah Peretti, who spoke for the first time in Germany. Additional speakers included Harvard Business School professor Ben Edelman, legendary German hip-hop trio Fettes Brot, poetry slammer Julia Engelmann, Selfmade Records founder Elvir Ombergovic and John Battelle, founder of Wired magazine.[11] - 1200 industry visitors attended the third Online Marketing Rockstars Conference on February 22 at Großen Freiheit 36. Youtuber Sami Slimani, former adviser to US President Barack Obama Julius van de Laar, legendary German musician Jan Delay, Mister Spex managers Mirko Caspar and Harvard Professor Jeffrey Rayport gave presentations on the latest developments and trends in digital marketing.[12] - The second OMR Conference took place on February 24, 2012 at the Große Freiheit 36 venue and was attended by 600 persons. Keynotes were held by Daniel Schiemann, former Marketing service provider of YouPorn, Hamburg Media School professor Dr. Sabine Trepte, Dr. Florian Heinemann (formerly of Rocket Internet) and SEO expert Marcus Tandler.[13] - The inaugural Online Marketing Rockstars Conference was held on February 11, 2011 at the Bucerius Law School in Hamburg. Approximately 200 guests attended the premier event. Speakers on stage included Idealo founder Martin Sinner and founder of upscale matchmaking service ElitePartner Arne Kahlke.[14] -",2023-08-26 17:13:03 -Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 80 metres hurdles - Wikipedia,"The women's 80 metres hurdles event at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games took place August 5 and August 6. The final was won by Italian Ondina Valla.[1] - Key: OR = Olympic record -",2023-08-26 17:13:07 -Maiden Voyage (Alice in Videoland album) - Wikipedia,"Maiden Voyage is the debut album by Swedish electronic band Alice in Videoland, released in Sweden on 19 November 2003 by National Records. In the United States and Canada, the album was released in 2007 by Artoffact Records under the title Maiden Voyage Plus, containing remixes and B-sides as bonus tracks. - All songs written and composed by Toril Lindqvist and Calle Lundgren. - - - This 2000s electronic music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:13:11 -Amanda Melby - Wikipedia,"Amanda Melby is an American actress and film producer. She is the host of the Emmy-winning series Screen Wars, and the star and producer of the film Raising Buchanan. - After graduation from Concordia College in Moorhead, MN,[1] Melby began her acting career with stops in Los Angeles, San Diego, Cleveland, and Washington, DC, working in commercials, theatre, studio films (The Majestic), independent films (Locker 13, Jake's Corner, Netherbeast Incorporated, Madison Hall), and television (Candid Camera, S.I.S., Boston Public, Young & the Restless).[2] - Settling in Arizona, Melby served as the Executive Director of the Phoenix chapter of Independent Feature Project (IFP/PHX) from 2005-2011,[3] building a network for Arizona’s independent filmmakers. From 2006- 2012, she was a board member of the Phoenix Film Foundation[4] and the Arizona Film and Media Coalition (AFMC).[5] She was the Secretary of the SAG-AFTRA Arizona-Utah Board, having served on the separate unions’ boards prior to the merger from 2005-2013.[6] - In 2005, Melby was one of the creators of Screen Wars, an Arizona-based television series showcasing independent film.[7] She hosted and produced 69 episodes over two seasons.[8] The series was nominated for 13 Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards, winning four. Melby was personally nominated for three of these Emmys (for hosting and producing).[9][10] - Melby was honored with the 2007 Phoenix Film Foundation Board Member of the Year,[11] and with the 2008 Layne Award presented by the Arizona Entertainment Alliance.[12] She was also nominated for the 2011 Arizona Governor’s Arts Award for her contributions to the Arizona Entertainment Community.[13] - In 2019, Melby produced and starred in Raising Buchanan, a feature film co-starring René Auberjonois, M. Emmet Walsh, Cathy Shim, Terence Bernie Hines, and Robert Ben Garant.[14] Melby garnered accolades and awards (for her role as producer and her lead performance) from a variety of film festivals in the United States and abroad.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] - Melby is a faculty associate at Arizona State University teaching screen acting and is the head coach and owner of Verve Studios, a professional actor-training studio in Scottsdale, Arizona. She is married with two children. -",2023-08-26 17:13:15 -Clarrie Gordon - Wikipedia," - Clarence ""Clarrie"" Edward Gordon (9 March 1917 – 19 November 1983) was a New Zealand boxer. He competed as a featherweight at the 1936 Summer Olympics, where he was eliminated in his first bout.[1] At 19 years, he was the youngest competitor from New Zealand at those Games.[2] - In 1938, Gordon turned professional, and retired in 1949 as a reigning national welterweight champion. He had a record of 22 wins (11 by knockout), 11 losses, and 2 draws.[3] In 1944, he was suspended for three years by the New Zealand Professional Boxing Association after a first-round knockout. During those years, he fought in Australia.[4] - Clarrie had nine siblings; among them six of the seven brothers became career boxers, including Clarrie's twin brother Viv.[4] - - This biographical article related to New Zealand boxing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:13:19 -Laid-Back Camp (season 1) - Wikipedia,"The first season of the Japanese animated television series Laid-Back Camp, based on the manga of the same name by Afro, follows Rin Shima in her solo camping trip by Lake Motosu in Yamanashi Prefecture, followed by her first meeting with Nadeshiko Kagamihara. Animated by C-Station, the season is directed by Yoshiaki Kyogoku from a series composition by Jin Tanaka. - The season stars Yumiri Hanamori, Nao Tōyama, Sayuri Hara, Aki Toyosaki, Rie Takahashi, and Marina Inoue, with Akio Otsuka serving as the narrator. In January 2017, a TV adaptation of the manga series by Afro was announced. Kyogoku and Tanaka joined the staff in June 2017. - The first season aired in Japan from January 4 to March 22, 2018, and consists of twelve episodes. It received critical acclaim among critics and fans and inspired others to try camping. It is followed by a second season, which began airing in Japan on January 7, 2021.[1] - A girl named Rin Shima comes to a campsite in Lake Motosu, facing opposite Mount Fuji, to spend the day camping. While setting up a campfire, Rin notices a peculiar girl sleeping by the public restroom. Later that night, Rin once again comes across the girl, later introducing as Nadeshiko Kagamihara, who had gotten tired from bicycling toward the area after just moving to a new house, and shares her curry noodles with her before they both get a clear view of Mount Fuji. After eventually managing to get her sister to pick her up, Nadeshiko leaves Rin with her phone number in the hopes of camping with her once again. A few days later, Nadeshiko begins attending her new school, which Rin also attends. - Nadeshiko pays a visit to her school's Outdoor Activities Club, consisting of its members Chiaki and Aoi. The girls attempt to put together a cheap tent only for it to break on them. They are helped out by Rin's friend Ena Saitō, who draws Nadeshiko's attention towards the fact Rin also attends her school. Later, as Rin goes on another solo camping trip to Asagiri Plateau, Nadeshiko, having been informed about the trip by Ena, goes over with some hotpot ingredients. - While Nadeshiko makes gyoza hotpot for Rin, Chiaki gets a job at a liquor store to fund the club. After enjoying the meal, Rin apologizes for being cold towards Nadeshiko when she invited her to join the club and promises to camp again with her sometime. After spending the night in her sister's car, Nadeshiko wakes up early to watch the sunrise over Mount Fuji. - While planning for their first camping trip together, the Outdoor Activities Club experiments with cost-effective ways to make their sleeping bags more effective in cold weather before ultimately deciding to buy some sleeping bags online. Meanwhile, Rin gets her motorcycle license and goes on a solo camping trip in Nagano Prefecture. As the club members hike through Fuefuki, stopping at a cafe and hot springs resort along the way, they are sent a live security camera feed of Rin on the highway. - The club members take a nice relaxing dip in the hot springs, almost succumbing to the urge to eat before they reach their campsite. Meanwhile, Rin arrives at the Takabotchi Highlands and is overcome by a desire to go to a hot spring too, only to discover the nearest one has closed down. A dejected Rin decides to climb up the peak, where she is rewarded with a lovely view, before finding a spot to cook some pasta. The club members finally arrive at their campsite, where Nadeshiko makes curry for everyone. While the others are asleep, Nadeshiko goes to take a picture of the city lights to send to Rin, who goes to the summit of Mount Takabotchi to send her a similar view in return. - Rin opens a package to find a mini-grill, which she dreams of using to cook various meats while talking with Ena. Nadeshiko overhears their conversation and suggests a camping trip to try the grill. The two visit a supermarket to buy meat but are forced to settle for substitutes as their desired items were not available. While there, they meet Aoi, who is working as a cashier, and tell her of their plans. Meanwhile, Chiaki is visiting Lake Shibire when she encounters a man grilling steak in a skillet, who offers her part of it. Rin and Nadeshiko are driven by the latter's sister to the lake. - At Lake Shibire, Rin and Nadeshiko set up their tents as the latter worries about the myth of a ghost in the lake, while Rin's mother calls the man who had offered Chiaki the steak, revealing him as Rin's grandfather. Rin struggles to ignite the coals in the mini-grill, so Nadeshiko visits a nearby camp for advice. She meets a pair of siblings, one of whom is drunk; the other offers input and new coal for use. After cooking the meat, the two head back to the siblings' campground to give them plates of food as thanks, receiving jambalaya in return. That evening, Rin leaves her tent and encounters a silhouette of a beastly creature, prompting her to run off. As it turns out, the still-inebriated sister had stumbled upon their campsite. - Chiaki shows off a wooden bowl and skillet set to Aoi, which she learns must have the lacquer finish removed to place hot food inside and be seasoned, respectively. As they work on this, Ena visits and the three talk about their new substitute teacher and camping after exams. Nadeshiko, Chiaki, and Aoi later visit an outdoor sporting goods store in Minobu, where Nadeshiko declares her intention to get a job to buy a gas lantern. - Nadeshiko plans to go camping with Rin, but she catches a cold the night before and has to stay at home. As such, Rin decides to go on her own to a campsite at Kamīna and attempts to take a detour to get there, but she later finds out that the road is closed. After meeting some mountain climbers, she lets Nadeshiko and Chiaki decide where she goes next and visits a temple and a hot spring before eating at a restaurant and oversleeping. Meanwhile, Chiaki visits Nadeshiko at home and cooks hōtō for her family. - Rin oversleeps and is rushing to her campsite when she encounters a roadblock. Upon being told by Chiaki that it may have been left there and never moved, she proceeds and reaches the site, where she struggles to set up due to the windy conditions. Nadeshiko, Chiaki, and Aoi plan their Christmas camping trip and invite Rin, who initially refuses before being convinced by Ena to accept. Minami Toba, the new teacher, is unintentionally lured into becoming the Outdoor Activities Club advisor and is invited to the Christmas camp. Upon hearing Ms. Toba mention bringing beer along, Nadeshiko realizes she was the drunk sister from the Lake Shibire trip. - - Producer Shōichi Hotta initially proposed an anime adaptation of Laid-Back Camp manga series by Afro shortly after it began serialization in the July 2015 issue of Manga Time Kirara Forward magazine.[5] The adaptation was confirmed in January 2017.[6] In June 2017, the staff animating the season at C-Station were announced, including Yoshiaki Kyogoku as the director, Jin Tanaka as the head of the series composition, and Mutsumi Sasaki as the character animation designer.[7] Kyogoku was introduced by Ryoji Maru, animation producer and the president of the studio, to the producer of the season due to his ""good compatibility"" with it, earning him his directorial debut.[8] The premiere date of the season was announced to be on January 4, 2018.[9] - Laid-Back Camp adapted the first four volumes of the manga series.[10] Hotta laid out three themes—focus on fun camping, create a new kind of daily life anime, and feature beautiful places that are still in Japan—beforehand for the season, while also had set two things that needed to forbid—""When a character praises another one of the other girls, don't make them say 'You're cute'"" and ""Don't let them get touchy-feely so easily""—to portray ""raw human relationships"" between characters.[5][11] To depict the camping experience in the season, the staff went on scouting trips to 10 different locations that the characters would be visiting and experienced camping during the winter.[12] - In June 2017, Yumiri Hanamori and Nao Tōyama were announced as Nadeshiko Kagamihara and Rin Shima, respectively, as the main cast of Laid-Back Camp.[2] Kyogoku found Hanamori's ""fresh"" and ""ticklish"" voice suitable for the character's ""innocent"" and ""energetic"" image.[10] Sayuri Hara, Aki Toyosaki, and Rie Takahashi joined the cast in August 2017 as Chiaki Ōgaki, Aoi Inuyama, and Ena Saitō, respectively.[3] Marina Inoue and Akio Otsuka also joined in December 2017 as Sakura Kagamihara and the narrator, respectively.[4] The owner of Suimeiso campsite depicted in the sixth and seventh episodes of the season was modeled after the real-life owner Kitajima Shinsuke.[13] The English dub cast for the season was announced in August 2022, including Morgan Garrett as Nadeshiko, Celeste Perez as Rin, Hannah Alyea as Aoi, Katelyn Barr as Chiaki, Molly Zhang as Ena, and Robin Clayton as Sakura.[14] - Rin Shima's moped depicted in the season was modeled after the Yamaha Vino scooter,[15][16] while the camping tools were based on Afro's personal equipment.[10] - Akiyuki Tateyama served as the composer of Laid-Back Camp.[17] In November 2017, Asaka was announced as the singer of the opening theme music titled ""Shiny Days"", while Eri Sasaki would be performing the ending theme music titled ""A Sunny Winter Day"" (ふゆびより, Fuyu Biyori), with both singles released on January 24, 2018.[18] - The first trailer for Laid-Back Camp was released in November 2017,[19] followed by the second trailer in December.[20] An advanced screening followed by a talk show event with the cast was held at Toho Cinemas in Shinjuku on December 10, 2017.[21] A book containing 200 pages of settings and background arts from the season, titled Yuru Camp Key Animation Book (ゆるキャン△ 設定・背景美術集), was set to be shipped in Japan in early July 2023.[22] - Laid-Back Camp began airing in Japan on AT-X and Tokyo MX on January 4, 2018, and on Sun TV, KBS Kyoto, and BS11 on January 5.[23] The season began reairing on BS11 on October 8, 2021.[24] In anticipation of the release of Laid-Back Camp Movie, the season began reairing on Tokyo MX and BS11 on January 6, 2022, on TV Aichi on January 7, on SBS on January 12, on TVQ Kyushu on January 13, and on MBS TV on January 14.[25] - Crunchyroll simulcast Laid-Back Camp worldwide, excluding Asia.[26] Ani-One began streaming the season on their official YouTube channel on December 24, 2020.[27] In November 2022, the season became available to view on Amazon Prime Video in Japan.[28] - The first volume of Blu-ray and DVD for the season was released in Japan on March 28, 2018,[29] which contains an original video animation (OVA) titled Room Camp Episode 0.[30] The second volume was released on May 23, 2018, which contains the second OVA titled Tall Tale Camp.[31] The third and final volume was released on July 28, 2018, which contains the third OVA titled Survival Camp.[32] The three volumes also contain a six-episode camping program starring Yumiri titled Hanamori Yumiri's Beginner Solo Camping (花守ゆみり はじめてのキャンプ入門).[33][34] - Stig Høgset of THEM Anime Reviews rated Laid-Back Camp a complete 5 stars, lauding the series for its ""leisurely pace to its fun characters and silly banter, and certainly not least the lovely scenery"" and describing it as ""Encouragement of Climb season 2.5"".[35] Nick Creamer of Anime News Network graded the season ""B+"", stating that it managed to deliver a ""terrific balance of comedy and atmospheric slice of life"" and bring the ""joy of camping to life"" while criticizing some episodes that depicted ""less visually compelling"" scenes.[36] Rafael Motamayor of /Film praised the season for its beautiful backgrounds and the pacing that would ""sell you on the idea of camping"", comparing its depiction of Japan's outdoors to how The Lord of the Rings explored the sceneries of New Zealand.[37] IGN listed the season as one of the best anime of the decade.[38] - In February 2018, YBS Wide News reported that due to the influence of Laid-Back Camp, fans were inspired to try winter camping despite the chilly season, and all of the manga's first five volumes, excluding the fourth volume, were sold out at a bookstore in Kōfu.[41] In the same month, dealers of Yamaha Vino also reported a sold-out sale of the scooters designed with the colors of Rin's scooter.[42] Yamanashi Prefecture had seen a significant increase in the number of tourists visiting the sites that are featured in the season, particularly the Kōan and Suimeiso campgrounds.[43] - Atsushi Tanaka, a tourism professor at the University of Yamanashi, and the Jogaoka Revitalization Promotion Council in Minobu surveyed the economic impact of Laid-Back Camp on Yamanashi.[44] The five events for the season, which were held from April 2018 to January 2019, brought in ¥86 million in total earnings from the consumption of local goods and souvenirs, with visitors spending 40% more than the tourism average in the past.[44][45] The increase on spending was attributed to the ""psychological effect"" of the season to fans wanting to spend money on the featured locations.[44] - The first OVA for Laid-Back Camp was released on YouTube for a limited time from December 12, 2019, to January 6, 2020.[46] All of the three OVAs aired on AT-X in May 2020.[47] The three OVAs aired collectively as ""Episode 13"" in Japan on Tokyo MX and BS11 on March 31, 2022, on TV Aichi and TVQ Kyushu on April 1, on MBS on April 2, and on SBS on April 6.[48] -",2023-08-26 17:13:22 -Benito Soliven Academy - Wikipedia,"Benito Soliven Academy is a private secondary school under the Roman Catholic order, conceived by Rev. Fr. Mariano Flores Pacis, parish priest of Santo Domingo, located in Poblacion Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur. The Academy was run by the Diocese of Santo Domingo, but the operation, management and supervision were later transferred to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia, during the time of Archbishop Msgr. Juan C. Sison. The Archdiocesan School Board of Trustees and corporators was organized with the Archbishop as the chairman. The parish priest automatically becomes the School Director unless otherwise another one is appointed by the Archdiocesan Chairman. - The main campus of the institution is located at the western area of the Santo Domingo Parish Church grounds, where a 2-storey building with 14 classrooms is located. It is the only Catholic School in Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur. - Benito Soliven Academy began as a parochial secondary/high school in 1948. - The academy is named after the Hon. Benito T. Soliven, who studied law at the University of the Philippines, graduated summa cum laude, placed third in the 1921 bar examinations, the first lawyer of Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur, an intellectual, a linguist, a successful political leader, an Outstanding Congressman, a three-termer in the House of Representatives acclaimed as ""Valedictorian"" in congress having the greatest number of bills most of which were passed/approved by his colleagues, a hero of World War II, and most of all a very saintly and charitable man, ready to help his less fortunate clients free of charge, and always at the service of the needy. He is the father of the late Maximo Villaflor Soliven, a prominent journalist and publisher and realtor Victorio Villaflor Soliven, the owner of VV Soliven Towers located near the Santolan MRT station along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. A town in the province of Isabela is also named after him. - With the full support and backing up of the late Rev. Fr. Msgr. Crisanto Padernal who was the former parish priest of Santo Domingo for 25 years and later assigned as a parish priest of Vigan City and concurrently Archdiocesan Procurator the late Archbishop Msgr. Santiago Sancho approved the request to open a Catholic School in the town. - The first School Board was composed of Fr. Mariano Flores Pacis as chairman and its members were Atty. Faustino Tobia, the late Mayor Filomeno Tadena, Mr. Juan Raquel, Mr. Faustino Tamargo, Mr. Jesus Tobias and Mr. Maximo Molina, the board applied to the Department of Education and Culture for a permit to open a secondary school. It was approved and a government recognition was issued in April 1948, Reg. No. 3935. It was then officially registered to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in October 1948. - According to Fr. Mariano F. Pacis when asked why he was all out in putting up a Catholic Secondary School in the town he said that the Aglipayan Church who had a number of followers then at the time had plans to put up an Aglipayan School, so Fr. Pacis tried his best to go ahead of such plan. He therefore, convened some of the prominent people of the town. Putting their good heads together, they came up with the name of the school - Benito Soliven Academy. - To start the school year 1948-1949 of operation, a team of the Board of Directors went patiently to the different barrios or barangays of the Municipality campaigning for first and second year students to enroll in Benito Soliven Academy. So there were 74 students enrolled, 52 in the 1st year and 22 in the 2nd year. In school year 1949-1950 there was a total of 161 students enrolled from the 1st to the 4th year. In the 4th year, there were 11 enrollees: 6 boys and 5 girls but only 10 of them were graduated. - From 1948, the enrollment had gradually increased year by year with a greater number of graduation, but with the establishment of the Lussoc National High School in the mid '70s enrollment somewhat decreased since most of the elementary graduates in the eastern barangays enrolled in that school. Furthermore, the establishment of Naglaoa-an National High School which served the elementary graduates of the western barangays of the town, and the Puro National High School of Magsingal tremendously decreased the enrollment in Benito Soliven Academy, prompting the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia to subsidize the deficit to meet the minimum funds the academy needs. - It is worthwhile mentioning the first self-sacrificing mentors of the school - the late Mr. Juan Raquel, Mr. Faustino Tamargo, Mr. Jesus Tobias and Miss Petra Bumatay. On the onset of the 1950s came Mrs. Caridad Villafuerte, Miss Carolina Tagorda, Mrs. Concepcion T. Briones, Mrs. Guadalupe J. Dumag, and Miss Consolacion Pacis (sister of Fr. Mariano F. Pacis). A lot of belt-tightening and patience were incurred by these early teachers, for salaries were drawn more from parish funds rather than from tuition fees of the students. The students' fees weren't enough to subsidize the teachers' compensations and other school needs. Often, tuition fees were paid in kind like eggs, rice, chicken, goat etc. which were then accepted by the director. As a matter of fact, teachers were paid only three times a year at those times, first upon enrollment, second on All Souls' Day, and third at the closing of the school year with a salary ranging from P100 to P150 a month. The teachers, who were more on service rather than monetary rewards, didn't complain for they have full knowledge and understanding on the financial situation of the school. - With the coming of new administration in 1996, Archbishop Orlando Quevedo informed the Benito Soliven Academy community about his plan to close the school for fear that the Archdiocese may not be able to subsidize the deficit. He gave the new administration only a year to work for its survival. With the able leadership of then principal of the Academy, Mrs. Guadalupe J. Dumag, a written appeal together with the project proposals were given to the Archbishop to help the administration secure funds from Germany and Switzerland. The Archbishop finally brought home the bacon for Benito Soliven Academy. - The administration did not stop there. It moved out from its nutshell to approach Realtor Victorio V. Soliven, the son of Hon. Benito T. Soliven. Understanding the sad plight of the school and to save the living memory of his late father, he gave outright an amount as ""seed money"" for the school to invest and whatever profit it gave was used for school needs and improvements. - To work out for the increase of enrollment, the Benito Soliven Academy community continuously intensified its campaign to all schools in the barangays with Grade VI Graduates offering full scholarships to Valedictorians and half tuition fees for Salutatorians, and offering computer education for 1st to 4th year students, giving emphasis on academic excellence, discipline, moral and spiritual values. - Benito Soliven Academy can now boast of its complete school plant – laboratory room with updated laboratory apparatus, equipment and facilities, canteen, a conducive functional library, a covered court and a new computer room. The funds for the refurbishment of the school, came mainly from alumni and parents both local and abroad, by giving something back to the institution which is now a source of pride of the town. - Benito Soliven Academy has come a long way. It is now the proud alma mater of the countless professionals, town officials, and respected leaders and members of the community of Santo Domingo, Ilocos Sur and its surrounding towns. -  WikiMiniAtlas16°59′15″N 121°57′35″E / 16.98762°N 121.95963°E / 16.98762; 121.95963 -",2023-08-26 17:13:25 -Rush of Fools (album) - Wikipedia," - Rush of Fools is the self-titled debut studio album from Christian rock band Rush of Fools. It was released on May 8, 2007, on Midas Records. - The album reached No. 181 on the Billboard 200 chart,[5] and No. 9 on the Top Christian Albums chart. - In 2008, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year at the 39th GMA Dove Awards. The song ""Undo"" was also nominated for Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year.[6] - - - This Christian music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:13:29 -Brief Interviews with Hideous Men (film) - Wikipedia,"Brief Interviews with Hideous Men is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Krasinski, in his directorial debut. Based on a short story collection of the same name by David Foster Wallace. - Sara Quinn (Julianne Nicholson) copes with a recent breakup by interviewing men as part of her graduate studies. Her intellectual endeavor has emotional consequences as the men’s twisted and revealing stories are juxtaposed against the backdrop of her own experience. As she begins to listen closely to the men around her, Sara must ultimately reconcile herself to the darkness that lies below the surface of human interactions. - The film was shot in studios in Brooklyn, New York and exterior filming took place in Staten Island, New York, and on the campuses of Columbia University and Brooklyn College.[1] - On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 40 reviews, with an average rating of 5.02/10. The website's critics consensus reads: ""Ambitious but uneven, John Krasinski's adaptation of David Foster Wallace's Brief Interviews with Hideous Men tries hard but doesn't match the depth of the book.""[2] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on 16 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"".[3] The film was selected for the US Dramatic Competition in the 2009 Sundance Film Festival.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:13:32 -Spencer Spit State Park - Wikipedia," - Spencer Spit State Park is a public recreation area ran under the Washington State Parks. It covers one hundred and thirty-eight acres (56 ha) (a total of 7,840 feet of shoreline) on the eastern shore of Lopez Island in San Juan County, Washington. It overlooks the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The state park features two sand spits that enclose a salt chuck lagoon that provides a migratory stop for waterfowl, including Bonaparte's gulls. Other local fauna include great blue herons and kingfishers. - The park has 37 spaces for tent camping with fire pits, one dump station and two restrooms. There are no showers or hookups. Most of the park's tent sites are large and private. Seven walk-in beach sites have limited privacy. The park provides two group camps. The large one accommodates up to 50 people and has ten walk-in sites with a large grassy common area. The small group camp accommodates up to 20 people and has three walk-in sites, one of which is an Adirondack (three-sided) shelter with eight bunks. Check-in time is 2:30 p.m. while check-out time is 1 p.m. Park quiet hours are 10 p.m. to 6:30 a.m. Campers cannot leave the park after 10 p.m. - The park provides two kitchen shelters without electricity and 15 unsheltered picnic tables. The kitchen shelters include four picnic tables, a barbecue grill and fire pit. Water is available nearby. Picnic tables with fire pits are located on the spit and the beach site has six picnic tables. -There are also two miles of Cascadia Marine hiking trails. The park requires a Discover Pass for vehicles. Hours are 8 a.m. to dusk in the summer. The park is closed Oct through March (specific dates vary yearly). - There are twelve mooring buoys on the Cascadia Marine Trail. Other recreational opportunities include swimming, bald eagle viewing, bird watching, hiking, viewpoints, ferry watching, fishing, clamming, diving, and beachcombing.[2] - The park is located 4.6 mile from the ferry landing, with mainly flat roads, easy for biking. It is 3 miles from the Lopez Village. - As Native American tribes migrated up and down the coast, they would stop in this location to clam, crab and fish. Native American activity continued in this area until 1946. The park was originally homesteaded in the 1870s by Katherine and Franklin Troxell. In the late 1800s, they sold the land to Ray and Kathryn ""Kate"" Spencer, who owned property on Lopez Island and Blakley Island (an island just off the shore of Lopez Island). Between 1913 and 1920 they built a small cabin on one of the sand spits. The stone cellar of the old Spencer House can be seen near the spit. A replica of the original log cabin built by the Spencers for guests is out on the tip of the spit. Ray and Kate lived here for 50 years. The family sold it to the state in 1967. The state was interested in this undeveloped parcel of land because of the blue herons that can be found on it. - Alder, Cedar, Douglas Fir, and Maple trees. Apples, wild berries, and cherries Eel grass, ferns, foxglove hemlock, moss or lichens, rose, seaweed,, ,thistle, and yew. - Birds include crows or ravens, ducks, bald eagles, geese, gulls, hawks, herons, hummingbirds, ospreys, owls, woodpeckers, and wrens. -Fish and sea life includes clams, cod, crabs, perch, salmon, seabirds, seas, shark, shellfish, and the occasional Southern Resident Orcas pod passing by. -Mammals include chipmunks, deer, rabbits, raccoons, otters, and squirrels. - The south side of the spit is primarily sandy-gravel with eelgrass beds and some mud lower in the intertidal zone. The tip of the spit has a larger cobble substrate with a slightly higher density of clams. The best clam habitat occurs in the muddy gravel flats on the north side of the spit. A brackish lagoon drains through these gravel beds. Clam species available at Spencer Spit State Park include: native littleneck clams, varnish clams, butter clams, and cockles. This is also a very good beach for horse clams. The best place to dig for the horse clams is on the south side of the point. Oysters are not expected to be common at this location. -",2023-08-26 17:13:37 -Results of the 1919 Australian federal election (House of Representatives) - Wikipedia," - Australian federal election, 13 December 1919[1]House of Representatives -<< 1917–1922 >> - This is a list of electoral division results for the Australian 1919 federal election. -",2023-08-26 17:13:42 -KPN Travels - Wikipedia," - KPN Travels is a private travel company operating long-distance intercity bus services between major towns in the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Puducherry. KPN Travels is headquartered in Salem, Tamil Nadu and was founded in 1972 by Dr. K. Ponmalai Goundar Natarajan. - The company operates air conditioned and non-AC semi-sleeper services on the majority of routes with sleeper and 2+2 A/C Volvo B7R multi-axle services on select routes.[2] The company faces competition from other private operators, state transport corporations.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:13:45 -Mátyás Tajti - Wikipedia,"Mátyás Tajti (born 2 June 1998) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays for Zalaegerszeg.[1] - Updated to games played as of 25 August 2019. - - - This biographical article related to association football in Hungary, about a midfielder, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:13:49 -Ivan Kmotrík - Wikipedia,"Ivan Kmotrík (born 14 April 1959, in Skalica) is a Slovak businessman, mostly known for his involvement in the ŠK Slovan Bratislava football club.[1] He is also owner of Grafobal group,[2] TV channel TA3,[2] OMS Lighting,[3] and university Stredoeurópska vysoká škola v Skalici.[2] - - This biographical article relating to Slovak football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:13:52 -Paphlagonian Eneti - Wikipedia,"The Eneti (Greek: Enetoi/ἐνετοί, Latin: Eneti, Heneti, Enete) was a people that inhabited a region close to Paphlagonia, mentioned by Homer and Strabo. - - - This Turkish history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:13:55 -John McTaggart (jockey) - Wikipedia,"John McTaggart (1896 – April 18, 1946) was an American Champion jockey in the sport of Thoroughbred horse racing. He began his riding career in 1913 and rode for a quarter century until retiring in 1937. In 1914 he led all jockeys in the United States with 157 wins and in 1916 finished first in money earned and second in total wins to Frank Robinson. - McTaggart rode in the Kentucky Derby twice with his best result a second in the 1917 edition aboard Andrew Miller's colt, Ticket. He competed in the Preakness Stakes four times with his best finish a third in both 1912 and 1918. McTaggart was the regular jockey for Richard Wilson, Jr.'s outstanding colt Campfire. During his two-year-old season in 1916, McTaggart guided Campfire to wins in nearly all of the top races for juveniles, culminating with the Belmont Futurity Stakes and earning American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt honors. Among his other successes, McTaggart rode in Canada where he notably was a three-time winner of that country's premier race for two-year-olds, the Coronation Futurity Stakes at Old Woodbine Racetrack. - Afflicted with tuberculosis, John McTaggart died at age fifty in 1946 at a sanitarium in Pikesville, Maryland. [1] His brother Tommy, also a former top jockey, had died a few months earlier in February 1946 in a paddock accident while working at Hialeah Park Race Track in Florida. [2] -",2023-08-26 17:13:59 -Harrinson Mancilla - Wikipedia," - Harrinson Mancilla Mulato (born 22 December 1991) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Gimnasia La Plata. - Mancilla made his professional debut with Tigres F.C. in a 0-0 Categoría Primera A tie with Once Caldas on 5 February 2017.[1] A mainstay at Tigres from 2012 to 2017, Mancilla joined Cúcuta Deportivo in 2018. - In January 2020, he signed with Gimnasia y Esgrima in Argentina.[2] At the end of January 2022, Mancilla moved to fellow league club Sarmiento on a one-year loan with a purchase option.[3] - - This biographical article related to a football forward from Colombia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:01 -Yuvan – Live in Concert - Wikipedia,"Yuvan – Live in Concert is a concert by Indian musician Yuvan Shankar Raja. The concert, Yuvan's second in his career, took place on Pongal, 16 January 2011 at the YMCA Grounds, Nandanam, Chennai. Following the announcement, popular Tamil television STAR Vijay agreed to collaborate, sponsoring, organising and marketing the concert, while airing a special television series about Yuvan Shankar Raja, with family members and prominent celebrities closely associated to him participating, besides producing a promotional music video, titled ""I'll be there for you"".[1][2] The five-hour show, which was attended by 20,000 people, including several noted film personalities, was received very positively and considered a highly successful event.[3][4][5][6][7] The concert was aired on 11 and 12 February, Friday and Saturday at 2000 hrs on Vijay TV.[8] - As a run up to the concert, STAR Vijay telecasted a 3-week, 14-part series, where several noted celebrities, film directors, actors, friends, who worked with him, and his family members participated and talked about Yuvan Shankar Raja and his music.[9] Yuvan himself participated in two episodes of the show, which was hosted by film actor and RJ Shiva. The show was aired on weekdays at 8 pm from 27 December 2010 to 14 January 2011.[2] - The following celebrities participated in chronological order: - Furthermore, the episodes in the third season of Vijay TV's reality-based singing competition Airtel Super Singer during the second January week in 2011, was made a Yuvan Shankar Raja special episode, with every song suny by the contestants during the episodes being Yuvan Shankar songs.[10] - A promotional music video for the concert, titled ""I’ll Be There for You"", was also made, composed and performed by Yuvan Shankar Raja himself, who also appears in the video. Pradeep Milroy Peter, programming head of Vijay TV said, ""When we asked Yuvan whether we could do a music video to promote the event, he immediately accepted it"", further noting that the whole process, ""right from penning lyrics, to scoring music,"" was completed in a week.[2] The lyrics of the song was written by Na. Muthukumar, which, according to him, would talk about ""the relationship the music director and his fans shared"".[2] The video was shot in three consecutive nights at the Prasad Studios on sets created by art director Santhanam, with Vishnuvardhan directed the video, Kalyan doing the choreography and Nirav Shah handling the cinematography, who used a Red Camera for the shoot.[11] The music video was released on 29 January 2010 at Sathyam Cinemas, with directors Venkat Prabhu, Lingusamy and Ameer attending, and was first telecasted on television on the same day.[11] - Speeches by: - Other prominent attendees: -",2023-08-26 17:14:05 -Johnnie Turner (Kentucky politician) - Wikipedia,"Johnnie L. Turner (born December 24, 1947) is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Kentucky Senate from the 29th district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on January 1, 2021. - Turner was born in Bledsoe, Kentucky, in 1947. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Union College in 1974 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1977.[1] - From 1967 to 1969, Turner served as a medic in the United States Army. He later worked as an attorney for the Harlan County Public Schools. In addition he operated a private legal practice, he was also an attorney for the city of Cumberland, Kentucky. He was a candidate for the Kentucky House of Representatives in 2016 but withdrew before the election. Turner was elected to the Kentucky Senate in November 2020 and assumed office on January 1, 2021.[2][3][4] - - This article about a Kentucky politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:09 -Akash Vasisht - Wikipedia," - Akash Vasisht (born 17 December 1994) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Himachal Pradesh.[1] He made his Twenty20 debut on 18 November 2019, for Himachal Pradesh in the 2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.[2] He made his List A debut on 21 February 2021, for Himachal Pradesh in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy.[3] - In IPL 2023, Akash Vashisht was bought by the Rajasthan Royals at the Base price of 20 Lakhs.[4] - This biographical article related to an Indian cricket person born in 1994 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:13 -Peak expiratory flow - Wikipedia,"The peak expiratory flow (PEF), also called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and peak flow measurement,[1] is a person's maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter, a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air. It measures the airflow through the bronchi and thus the degree of obstruction in the airways. Peak expiratory flow is typically measured in units of liters per minute (L/min). - Peak flow readings are higher when patients are well, and lower when the airways are constricted. From changes in recorded values, patients and doctors may determine lung functionality, the severity of asthma symptoms, and treatment. - Measurement of PEFR requires training to correctly use a meter and the normal expected value depends on the patient's sex, age, and height. It is classically reduced in obstructive lung disorders such as asthma. - Due to the wide range of 'normal' values and the high degree of variability, peak flow is not the recommended test to identify asthma. However, it can be useful in some circumstances. - A small portion of people with asthma may benefit from regular peak flow monitoring. When monitoring is recommended, it is usually done in addition to reviewing asthma symptoms and frequency of reliever medication use.[2] - When peak flow is being monitored regularly, the results may be recorded on a peak flow chart. - It is important to use the same peak flow meter every time. - To interpret the significance of peak expiratory flow measurements, a comparison is made to reference (normal, predicted) values based on measurements taken from the general population. Various reference values have been published in the literature and vary by population, ethnic group, age, sex, height and weight of the patient. For this reason, tables or charts are used to determine the normal value for a particular individual. More recently, medical calculators have been developed to calculate predicted values for peak expiratory flow. There are a number of non-equivalent scales used in the interpretation of peak expiratory flow.[4] - Some examples of Reference Values are given below. There is a wide natural variation in results from healthy test subjects. - In 2004 the UK switched from the original Wright scale to the newer, more accurate European scale. Wright values may be converted to the EU scale using the following formula:[9] - The reverse calculation is: - Where - - - -W - - -{\displaystyle W} - - is the value in the Wright scale. - These formulas have also been trended over time in both rural and metropolitan areas both as air quality studies and as studies on asthma due to the Peak Flow measurement's accuracy as a predictor of mortality and poor prognosis.[10] - Measurements may be based on 1 second or less but are usually reported as a volume per minute. Electronic devices will sample the flow and multiply the sample volume(Litres) by 60, divided by the sample time(seconds) for a result measured in L/minute : - - - - - - -s -a -m -p -l -e -v -o -l -u -m -e -× -60 - - -s -a -m -p -l -e -t -i -m -e - - - - - -{\displaystyle {\frac {samplevolume\times 60}{sampletime}}} - - - The highest of three readings is used as the recorded value of the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. It may be plotted out on graph paper charts together with a record of symptoms or using peak flow charting software. This allows patients to self-monitor and pass information back to their doctor or nurse.[11] - Peak flow readings are often classified into 3 zones of measurement according to the American Lung Association;[12] green, yellow, and red. Doctors and health practitioners can develop an asthma management plan based on the green-yellow-red zones. - The measurement of peak expiratory flow was pioneered by Martin Wright, who produced the first meter specifically designed to measure this index of lung function. Since the original design of instrument was introduced in the late 1950s, and the subsequent development of a more portable, lower cost version (the ""Mini-Wright"" peak flow meter), other designs and copies have become available across the world.[13] -",2023-08-26 17:14:16 -Pachycheta - Wikipedia," - Pachycheta is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.[3] - This article related to members of the fly family Tachinidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:20 -Aoikan - Wikipedia,"The Aoikan (葵館) was a movie theater in the Tameike section of Akasaka in Tokyo, Japan. It existed from the mid–1910s as a high-class foreign film theater, featuring benshi such as Musei Tokugawa. - After the Great Kanto earthquake, it re-opened in October 1924 with a new, modern design created by prominent avant-garde artists. Seisaku Yoshikawa was in charge of architectural design, Yasuji Ogishima did the sculptural reliefs on the front of the building, and Tomoyoshi Murayama designed the interior.[1][2] Murayama also did the cover illustrations for the theater's pamphlets in the first few years.[3] - Film scholars such as Kenji Iwamoto have noted this theater's significance in Japanese cinematic modernism of the 1920s and 1930s.[4] - - This article about a theatre building in Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:25 -Victodrobia millerae - Wikipedia," - clade Hypsogastropoda - Victodrobia millerae is a species of very small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Australia and northern Antarctica. Their diet consists primarily of Ipomoea aquatica, lichen and other sub-tropical freshwater plants. - - This Hydrobiidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:28 -CBC Olympic broadcasts - Wikipedia,"The broadcasts of Summer and Winter Olympic Games produced by CBC Sports is shown on CBC Television and heard on CBC's radio networks in Canada. CBC was the broadcaster of the 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020 and 2022 Olympics. - The first telecast of the Olympics on Canadian television was CBC's broadcast of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. CBC aired black-and-white highlights of the previous day's events and aired the Canada vs. Soviet Union hockey game live by leasing a standby circuit from CBS and making CBC's 1st winter Olympics in the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, USA. Critics compared CBC's overall Olympic coverage unfavourably to that of ABC, which broadcast same-day colour highlights throughout the Games. For the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, CBC produced a total of 17 hours of radio and TV coverage for the 1960 Summer Olympics. CBC Television broadcast same-day highlights each night. The half-hour package featured was provided by CBS Sports, which had the broadcast rights in the United States. CBS sportscasters Bud Palmer, Gil Stratton, and Bob Richards provided commentary. CBS sent videotapes of each day's events by jet to Idlewild Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport) in New York City where a mobile transmission unit there beamed the pictures to the CBC and CBS networks. On radio Ward Cornell and Thom Benson gave listeners 15-minute reports every evening except Sunday on the CBC's Trans-Canada Network and Doug Smith gave half-hour evening wrap-ups on CBC's Dominion Network. - CBC lost their Winter Olympic[1][better source needed] broadcasting rights to CTV following the 1960 Olympics, but retained their rights to the Summer Olympics.[2][better source needed] The CBC Television broadcasters for the 1964 Summer games were Ted Reynolds, Dave Cruikshank, Bob McDevitt, Steve Douglas, and Lloyd Robertson. Ward Cornell, Al Hamel, Bob Moir, Don Goodwin, and Bill Good were the broadcasters for CBC Radio. For the Tokyo Olympics, CBC Television used the same satellite as NBCUniversal, the recently launched Syncom 3, to transmit late-night highlight packages of events from that day.[3] - The CBC provided its first colour pictures of Olympic competition during the 1968 Summer Olympics from Mexico City. CBC Radio broadcast five-minute hourly updates and occasional live reports. CBC Olympic host Lloyd Robertson was praised by The Globe and Mail writer Leslie Millin for his cool demeanour in the face of many technical glitches including ""strange breaks, noises, lapses and unscheduled fade-outs."" Millin applauded Robertson, normally a newscaster, for ""working with the grace and agility of a man hired to stamp grapes in a Sicilian winery.""[4] - The CBC almost cancelled their plans for coverage of the 1980 Summer Olympics after Canada took part in the boycott, but decided not to and was represented by nine accreditation cards.[5] - Canada's Olympic Broadcast Media Consortium, a joint venture between CTVglobemedia (now Bell Media) and Rogers Media, acquired the rights to broadcast the Vancouver-hosted 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The move was met with displeasure from Americans close to the border, because they cannot access CTV like they can the CBC and prefer Canada's Olympics coverage over that of U.S. broadcaster NBC.[6] - On August 1, 2012, the CBC announced that it had acquired the Canadian broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, returning the Games to the broadcaster for the first time since 2008. While financial details were not announced, the CBC did state that it was a ""financially and fiscally responsible bid"", which would carry on the organization's 60-year history of Olympic broadcasting.[7] The CBC sublicensed coverage of the Games to TSN and Sportsnet (which were the main cable networks of the Bell/Rogers consortium) in English,[8][9] and TVA Sports in French.[10] Beginning with the 2014 Winter Paralympics, the Canadian Paralympic Committee acquired the Canadian media rights to the Paralympic Games (which had previously been held by the Bell/Rogers consortium); as part of sub-licensing agreement, the broadcasts are produced in conjunction with CBC Sports and other partners.[11][12] - On October 28, 2014, it was announced that CBC had extended its rights to the Olympics through 2020, and that it would continue its arrangements with Bell Media and Rogers Media to provide production resources and distribute coverage through the TSN and Sportsnet networks. CBC leads production of the telecasts and sells all advertising time, ""top-tier"" events are reserved primarily for CBC Television, and all events are streamed online on CBC's Olympic microsites. Again, financial details were not disclosed and the bid was described as being ""fiscally responsible"", although the broadcasters involved did disclose that they planned to ""break even"" on their coverage. The renewed partnership came amidst changes and cuts at CBC Sports, as the Olympics remain the only major sports property whose Canadian rights are owned by the CBC, having recently lost its rights to FIFA tournaments (such as the FIFA World Cup)[13] and the National Hockey League to Bell and Rogers respectively (although CBC continues to air NHL games through a time-brokerage agreement with Rogers), and having announced that, aside from the Olympics, it would no longer pursue broadcast rights to professional sports. Rogers Media president Keith Pelley justified the partnership, stating the number of platforms involved would ""satisfy the demands"" for Olympic content by Canadian viewers.[14][15][16] - In October 2015, CBC re-branded its weekend sports broadcasts under the blanket title Road to the Olympic Games; the new brand emphasized the CBC''s year-round focus on Olympic sports[17] Also in October 2015, it was announced the CBC that had renewed its rights to cover the 2022 and 2024 Games. [18] - CBC reported that at least 31.9 million viewers watched a portion of its coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympics, with an average viewership of 2.1 million. The gains were credited to a strong medal performance by Canada during the first 10 days of the Games, and notable performances by Penny Oleksiak and Andre De Grasse; ratings peaked during the men's 100 metre final, featuring De Grasse and world record holder Usain Bolt, which was seen by 6.92 million viewers.[19] - The CBC reported that at least 31 million viewers had watched a portion of its coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics, while average primetime viewership also saw increases over 2014.[20] After the 2020 Summer Olympics (delayed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), the CBC reported that at least 28 million viewers had watched a portion of its coverage, a decline over 2016. The broadcaster also announced that streaming of the Games-related video content was up by 62% over the 2018 Winter Olympics, with 61% of this being live streams.[21] On April 6, 2022, the CBC confirmed that it had renewed its rights to the Olympics through 2032.[22] The following March, CBC renewed its rights to the Paralympics through 2026.[12] -",2023-08-26 17:14:33 -Heicheng Township - Wikipedia,"Heicheng Township (simplified Chinese: 黑城乡; traditional Chinese: 黑城鄉; pinyin: Hēichéng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Lincheng County, Hebei, Hjoink.[1] As of 2020, it has 218 villages under its administration.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:14:36 -Sora/Koe - Wikipedia,"""Sora/Koe"" (宙 -そら-/響 -こえ-, lit. Air/Voice) is the 42nd single of the Japanese pop group Every Little Thing, released on July 13, 2011. The single contains two songs: ""Sora"" and its B-side, ""Koe"". Both songs are used as the ending theme for the Pokémon movie Victini and the Black Hero: Zekrom and Victini and the White Hero: Reshiram.[1][2] - - This 2010s Japanese single-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:40 -Dick Johnston (journalist) - Wikipedia,"Richard W. Johnston (June 11, 1919 – November 6, 2008), was a Canadian sports journalist. A columnist for The Buffalo News, he won the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award in 1986 and is a member of the media section of the Hockey Hall of Fame.[1] He joined the paper in 1939 and retired in 1984.[2] - - This article about a Canadian journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:45 -Pope Pius XI - Wikipedia," - Pope Pius XI (Italian: Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti[a] (Italian: [amˈbrɔ:dʒo daˈmja:no aˈkille ˈratti]; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to 10 February 1939. He also became the first sovereign of Vatican City upon its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 where he held that position in addition to being the leader of the Catholic Church until his death in February 1939. He assumed as his papal motto ""Pax Christi in Regno Christi"", translated ""The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ"". - Pius XI issued numerous encyclicals, including Quadragesimo anno on the 40th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII's groundbreaking social encyclical Rerum novarum, highlighting the capitalistic greed of international finance, the dangers of socialism/communism, and social justice issues, and Quas primas, establishing the feast of Christ the King in response to anti-clericalism. The encyclical Studiorum ducem, promulgated 29 June 1923, was written on the occasion of the 6th centenary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas, whose thought is acclaimed as central to Catholic philosophy and theology. The encyclical also singles out the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum as the preeminent institution for the teaching of Aquinas: ""ante omnia Pontificium Collegium Angelicum, ubi Thomam tamquam domi suae habitare dixeris"" (before all others the Pontifical Angelicum College, where Thomas can be said to dwell).[3][4] - To establish or maintain the position of the Catholic Church, Pius XI concluded a record number of concordats, including the Reichskonkordat with Nazi Germany, whose betrayals of which he condemned four years later in the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (""With Burning Concern""). During his pontificate, the longstanding hostility with the Italian government over the status of the papacy and the Church in Italy was successfully resolved in the Lateran Treaty of 1929. He was unable to stop the persecution of the Church and the killing of clergy in Mexico, Spain and the Soviet Union. He canonized important saints, including Thomas More, Peter Canisius, Bernadette of Lourdes and Don Bosco. He beatified and canonized Thérèse de Lisieux, for whom he held special reverence, and gave equivalent canonization to Albertus Magnus, naming him a Doctor of the Church due to the spiritual power of his writings. He took a strong interest in fostering the participation of lay people throughout the Catholic Church, especially in the Catholic Action movement. The end of his pontificate was dominated by speaking out against Hitler and Mussolini, and defending the Catholic Church from intrusions into Catholic life and education. - Pius XI died on 10 February 1939 in the Apostolic Palace and is buried in the Papal Grotto of Saint Peter's Basilica. In the course of excavating space for his tomb, two levels of burial grounds were uncovered which revealed bones now venerated as the bones of St. Peter.[5][6][7] - Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti was born in Desio, in the province of Milan, in 1857, the son of an owner of a silk factory.[8] His parents were Francesco Antonio Ratti (1823–1881) and Angela Teresa Galli Cova (1832–1918);[9] his siblings were Carlo (1853–1906), Fermo (1854–1929),[10] Edoardo (1855–1896), Camilla (1860–1946),[11] and Cipriano. He was ordained a priest in 1879 and embarked on an academic career within the Church. He obtained three doctorates (in philosophy, canon law and theology) at the Gregorian University in Rome, and then from 1882 to 1888 was a professor at a seminary in Padua. His scholarly specialty was as an expert paleographer, a student of ancient and medieval Church manuscripts. Eventually, he left seminary teaching to work full-time at the Ambrosian Library in Milan, from 1888 to 1911.[12] - During this time, Ratti edited and published an edition of the Ambrosian Missal (the rite of Mass used in Milan), and researched and wrote much on the life and works of St. Charles Borromeo. He became chief of the Library in 1907 and undertook a thorough programme of restoration and re-classification of the Ambrosian's collection. He was also an avid mountaineer in his spare time, reaching the summits of Monte Rosa, the Matterhorn, Mont Blanc and Presolana. The combination of a scholar-athlete pope would not be seen again until the pontificate of John Paul II. In 1911, at Pope Pius X's (1903–1914) invitation, he moved to the Vatican to become Vice-Prefect of the Vatican Library, and in 1914 was promoted to Prefect.[13] - In 1918, Pope Benedict XV (1914–1922) asked Ratti to change careers and take a diplomatic post: apostolic visitor (that is, unofficial papal representative) in Poland, a state newly restored to existence, but still under effective German and Austro-Hungarian control. In October 1918, Benedict was the first head of state to congratulate the Polish people on the occasion of the restoration of their independence.[14] In March 1919, he nominated ten new bishops and, soon after, upgraded Ratti's position in Warsaw to the official position of papal nuncio.[14] Ratti was consecrated as a titular archbishop in October 1919. - According to German theologian Joseph Schmidlin's Papstgeschichte der Neuesten Zeit (Verlag Joseph Kösel & Friedrich Pustet, München 1933–1939. 4 volumes.), Benedict XV and Ratti repeatedly cautioned Polish authorities against persecuting the Lithuanian and Ruthenian clergy.[15] During the Bolshevik advance against Warsaw, the Pope asked for worldwide public prayers for Poland, while Ratti was the only foreign diplomat who refused to flee Warsaw when the Red Army was approaching the city in August 1920.[16] On 11 June 1921, Benedict XV asked Ratti to deliver his message to the Polish episcopate, warning against political misuses of spiritual power, urging again peaceful coexistence with neighbouring people, stating that ""love of country has its limits in justice and obligations"".[17] - Ratti intended to work for Poland by building bridges to men of goodwill in the Soviet Union, even to shedding his blood for Russia.[18] Benedict, however, needed Ratti as a diplomat, not as a martyr, and forbade his traveling into the USSR despite his being the official papal delegate for Russia.[18] The nuncio's continued contacts with Russians did not generate much sympathy for him within Poland at the time. After Pope Benedict sent Ratti to Silesia to forestall potential political agitation within the Polish Catholic clergy,[15] the nuncio was asked to leave Poland. On 20 November, when German Cardinal Adolf Bertram announced a papal ban on all political activities of clergymen, calls for Ratti's expulsion climaxed.[19] Ratti was asked to leave. ""While he tried honestly to show himself as a friend of Poland, Warsaw forced his departure, after his neutrality in Silesian voting was questioned""[20] by Germans and Poles. Nationalistic Germans objected to the Polish nuncio supervising local elections, and patriotic Poles were upset because he curtailed political action among the clergy.[19] - In the consistory of 3 June 1921, Pope Benedict XV created three new cardinals, including Ratti, who was appointed Archbishop of Milan simultaneously. The pope joked with them, saying, ""Well, today I gave you the red hat, but soon it will be white for one of you.""[21] After the Vatican celebration, Ratti went to the Benedictine monastery at Monte Cassino for a retreat to prepare spiritually for his new role. He accompanied Milanese pilgrims to Lourdes in August 1921.[21] Ratti received a tumultuous welcome on a visit to his home town Desio, and was enthroned in Milan on 8 September. On 22 January 1922, Pope Benedict XV died unexpectedly of pneumonia.[22] - At the conclave to choose a new pope, which proved to be the longest of the 20th century, the College of Cardinals was divided into two factions, one led by Rafael Merry del Val favoring the policies and style of Pope Pius X and the other favoring those of Pope Benedict XV led by Pietro Gasparri.[23] - Gasparri approached Ratti before voting began on the third day and told him he would urge his supporters to switch their votes to Ratti, who was shocked to hear this. When it became clear that neither Gasparri nor del Val could win, the cardinals approached Ratti, thinking him a compromise candidate not identified with either faction. Cardinal Gaetano de Lai approached Ratti and was believed to have said: ""We will vote for Your Eminence if Your Eminence will promise that you will not choose Cardinal Gasparri as your secretary of state"". Ratti is said to have responded: ""I hope and pray that among so highly deserving cardinals the Holy Spirit selects someone else. If I am chosen, it is indeed Cardinal Gasparri whom I will take to be my secretary of state"".[23] - Ratti was elected pope on the conclave's fourteenth ballot on 6 February 1922 and took the name ""Pius XI"", explaining that Pius IX was the pope of his youth and Pius X had appointed him head of the Vatican Library. It was rumoured that immediately after the election, he decided to appoint Pietro Gasparri as his Cardinal Secretary of State.[23] When asked if he accepted his election, Ratti was said to have replied: ""In spite of my unworthiness, of which I am deeply aware, I accept"". He went on to say that his choice in papal name was because ""Pius is a name of peace"".[24] - It was said after the dean Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli asked if he assented to the election that Ratti paused in silence for two minutes according to Cardinal Désiré-Joseph Mercier. The Hungarian cardinal János Csernoch later commented: ""We made Cardinal Ratti pass through the fourteen stations of the Via Crucis and then we left him alone on Calvary"".[25] - As Pius XI's first act as pope, he revived the traditional public blessing from the balcony, Urbi et Orbi (""to the city and to the world""), abandoned by his predecessors since the loss of Rome to the Italian state in 1870. This suggested his openness to a rapprochement with the government of Italy.[26] Less than a month later, considering that all four cardinals from the Western Hemisphere had been unable to participate in his election, he issued Cum proxime to allow the College of Cardinals to delay the start of a conclave for as long as eighteen days following the death of a pope.[27][28] - Pius XI's first encyclical as pope was directly related to his aim of Christianising all aspects of increasingly secular societies. Ubi arcano, promulgated in December 1922, inaugurated the ""Catholic Action"" movement. - Similar goals were in evidence in two encyclicals of 1929 and 1930. Divini illius magistri (""That Divine Teacher"") (1929) made clear the need for Christian over secular education.[29] Casti connubii (""Chaste Wedlock"") (1930) praised Christian marriage and family life as the basis for any good society; it condemned artificial means of contraception, but acknowledged the unitive aspect of intercourse: - In contrast to some of his predecessors in the nineteenth century who had favoured monarchy and dismissed democracy, Pius XI took a pragmatic approach toward the different forms of government. In his encyclical Dilectissima Nobis (1933), in which he addressed the situation of the Church in Republican Spain, he proclaimed, - Universally known is the fact that the Catholic Church is never bound to one form of government more than to another, provided the Divine rights of God and of Christian consciences are safe. She does not find any difficulty in adapting herself to various civil institutions, be they monarchic or republican, aristocratic or democratic.[32] Pius XI argued for a reconstruction of economic and political life on the basis of religious values. Quadragesimo anno (1931) was written to mark 'forty years' since Pope Leo XIII's (1878–1903) encyclical Rerum novarum, and restated that encyclical's warnings against both socialism and unrestrained capitalism, as enemies to human freedom and dignity. Pius XI instead envisioned an economy based on co-operation and solidarity. - In Quadragesimo anno, Pius XI stated that social and economic issues are vital to the Church not from a technical point of view but in terms of moral and ethical issues involved. Ethical considerations include the nature of private property[33] in terms of its functions for society and the development of the individual.[34] He defined fair wages and branded the exploitation both materially and spiritually by international capitalism. - Pius XI wrote that mothers should work primarily within the home, or in its immediate vicinity, and concentrate on household duties. He argued that every effort in society must be made for fathers to possess high enough wages, so that it never becomes a necessity within families for mothers to work. These forced dual income situations in which mothers work he describes as an ""intolerable abuse"".[35] Pius also criticized egalitarianist stances, describing modern attempts to ""liberate women"" as a ""crime"".[36] Pius XI stated that attempts to liberate women from their husbands are a ""false liberty and unnatural equality"" and that the true emancipation of women ""belongs to the noble office of a Christian woman and wife.""[37] - The Church has a role in discussing the issues related to the social order. Social and economic issues are vital to her not from a technical point of view but in terms of the moral and ethical issues involved. Ethical considerations include the nature of private property.[33] Within the Catholic Church, several conflicting views had developed. Pope Pius XI declared private property essential for the development and freedom of the individual, and those who deny private property also deny personal freedom and development. Pius also said that private property has a social function and loses its morality, if it is not subordinated to the common good, and governments have a right to redistribution policies. In extreme cases, the Pope grants the state a right of expropriation of private property.[34] - A related issue, said Pius, is the relation between capital and labour and the determination of fair wages.[38] Pius develops the following ethical mandate: The Church considers it a perversion of industrial society to have developed sharp opposite camps based on income. He welcomes all attempts to alleviate these differences. Three elements determine a fair wage: the worker's family, the economic condition of the enterprise, and the economy as a whole. The family has an innate right to development, but this is only possible within the framework of a functioning economy and a sound enterprise. Thus, Pius concludes that cooperation and not conflict is a necessary condition, given the mutual interdependence of the parties involved.[38] - Pius XI believed that industrialization results in less freedom at the individual and communal level because numerous free social entities get absorbed by larger ones. The society of individuals becomes the mass class-society. People are much more interdependent than in ancient times, and become egoistic or class-conscious in order to save some freedom for themselves. The pope demands more solidarity, especially between employers and employees, through new forms of cooperation and communication. Pius displays a negative view of capitalism, especially of the anonymous international finance markets.[39] He identifies certain dangers for small and medium-size enterprises, which have insufficient access to capital markets and are squeezed or destroyed by the larger ones. He warns that capitalist interests can become a danger for nations, which could be reduced to ""chained slaves of individual interests""[40] - Pius XI was the first Pope to utilise the power of modern communications technology in evangelising the wider world. He established Vatican Radio in 1931, and he was the first Pope to broadcast on radio. - In his management of the Church's internal affairs, Pius XI mostly continued the policies of his predecessor. Like Benedict XV, he emphasised spreading Catholicism in Africa and Asia and on the training of native clergy in those mission territories. He ordered every religious order to devote some of its personnel and resources to missionary work. - Pius XI continued the approach of Benedict XV on the issue of how to deal with the threat of modernism in Catholic theology. The Pope was thoroughly orthodox theologically and had no sympathy with modernist ideas that relativised fundamental Catholic teachings. He condemned modernism in his writings and addresses. However, his opposition to modernist theology was by no means a rejection of new scholarship within the Church, as long as it was developed within the framework of orthodoxy and compatible with the Church's teachings.[citation needed] Pius XI was interested in supporting serious scientific study within the Church, establishing the Pontifical Academy of the Sciences in 1936. In 1928 he formed the Gregorian Consortium of universities in Rome administered by the Society of Jesus, fostering closer collaboration between their Gregorian University, Biblical Institute, and Oriental Institute.[41][42] - Pius XI strongly encouraged devotion to the Sacred Heart in his encyclical Miserentissimus Redemptor (1928). - Pius XI was the first pope to directly address the Christian ecumenical movement. Like Benedict XV he was interested in achieving reunion with the Eastern Orthodox (failing that, he determined to give special attention to the Eastern Catholic churches).[citation needed] He also allowed the dialogue between Catholics and Anglicans which had been planned during Benedict XV's pontificate to take place at Mechelen. However, these enterprises were firmly aimed at actually reuniting with the Catholic Church other Christians who basically agreed with Catholic doctrine, bringing them back under papal authority. To the broad pan-Protestant ecumenical movement he took a more negative attitude.[citation needed] - He rejected, in his 1928 encyclical, Mortalium animos, the idea that Christian unity could be attained by establishing a broad federation of many bodies holding conflicting doctrines; rather, the Catholic Church was the true Church of Christ. ""The union of Christians can only be promoted by promoting the return to the one true Church of Christ of those who are separated from it, for in the past they have unhappily left it."" The pronouncement also prohibited Catholics from joining groups that encouraged interfaith discussion without distinction.[43] - The next year, the Vatican was successful in lobbying the Mussolini regime to require Catholic religious education in all schools, even those with a majority of Protestants or Jews. The Pope expressed his ""great pleasure"" with the move.[44] - In 1934, the Fascist government at the urging of the Vatican agreed to expand the probation on public gatherings of Protestants to include even private worship in homes.[45] - Pius XI canonised a total of 34 saints throughout his pontificate including some prominent individuals such as: Bernadette Soubirous (1933), Thérèse of Lisieux (1925), John Vianney (1925), John Fisher (1935), Thomas More (1935) and John Bosco (1934). He also beatified a total of 464 individuals throughout his pontificate such as Pierre-René Rogue (1934) and Noël Pinot (1926). - Pius XI also named four individuals as Doctors of the Church: - Pius XI created a total of 76 cardinals in 17 consistories, including notable individuals such as August Hlond (1927), Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster (1929), Raffaele Rossi (1930), Elia Dalla Costa (1933), and Giuseppe Pizzardo (1937). One of those cardinals he elevated, on 16 December 1929, was his eventual successor, Eugenio Pacelli, who would become Pope Pius XII. Pius XI, in fact, believed that Pacelli would be his successor and dropped many hints he desired that. On one such occasion at a consistory for new cardinals on 13 December 1937, while posing with the new cardinals, Pius XI pointed to Pacelli and told them: ""He'll make a good pope!""[25] - Pius XI also accepted the resignation of a cardinal from the cardinalate during his pontificate in 1927: the Jesuit Louis Billot. - The pope deviated from the usual practice of naming cardinals in collective consistories, instead, opting for smaller and more frequent consistories, with some of them being less than six months apart in length. He made the effort to increase the number of non-Italian cardinals, which had been lacking in his predecessor's consistories. - In 1923, Pius XI wanted to nominate Ricardo Sanz de Samper y Campuzano (majordomo in the Papal Household) to the College of Cardinals but was forced to abandon the idea when King Alfonso XIII of Spain insisted that the pope appoint cardinals from South America despite the fact that Sanz hailed from Colombia. Since Pius XI desired not appearing to have been influenced by politics, he named no South American cardinals in the December 1923 consistory. According to an article by the historian Monsignor Vicente Cárcel y Ortí, a 1928 letter saw Alfonso XIII ask that the pope restore Valencia as a cardinalitial see, hence, promote its archbishop Prudencio Melo y Alcalde to the cardinalate. However, Pius XI responded and said that he could not consider the promotion because Spain already had the habitual number of cardinals (set at four) with two of them fixed (Toledo and Seville) while the other two were variable appointments. While Pius XI recommended that Alfonso XIII wait for a future occasion, Pius XI never elevated the archbishop, leaving Valencia without a cardinal until 2007. In December 1935, the pope intended to name the Jesuit priest Pietro Tacchi Venturi to the cardinalate. However, he was forced to abandon the idea because he did not want to upset England since the promotion could have been perceived as a step towards supporting Fascism; the priest and Benito Mussolini were considered to be close.[46] - The pontificate of Pius XI coincided with the early aftermath of the First World War. Many of the old European monarchies had been swept away and a new and precarious order formed across the continent. In the East, the Soviet Union arose. In Italy, the Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini took power, while in Germany, the fragile Weimar Republic collapsed with the Nazi seizure of power.[47] His reign was one of busy diplomatic activity for the Vatican. The Church made advances on several fronts in the 1920s, improving relations with France and, most spectacularly, settling the Roman question with Italy and gaining recognition of an independent Vatican state. - Pius XI's major diplomatic approach was to make concordats. He concluded eighteen such treaties during the course of his pontificate. However, wrote Peter Hebblethwaite, these concordats did not prove ""durable or creditable"" and ""wholly failed in their aim of safeguarding the institutional rights of the Church"" for ""Europe was entering a period in which such agreements were regarded as mere scraps of paper"".[48] - From 1933 to 1936 Pius wrote several protests against the Nazi regime, while his attitude to Mussolini's Italy changed dramatically in 1938, after Nazi racial policies were adopted in Italy.[47] Pius XI watched the rising tide of totalitarianism with alarm and delivered three papal encyclicals challenging the new creeds: against Italian Fascism Non abbiamo bisogno (1931; ""We Do Not Need [to Acquaint You)""); against Nazism Mit brennender Sorge (1937; ""With Deep Concern""), and against atheist Communism Divini redemptoris (1937; ""Divine Redeemer""). He also challenged the extremist nationalism of the Action Française movement and anti-Semitism in the United States.[47] - France's republican government had long been anti-clerical, and much of the French Catholic Church anti-republican. The Law of Separation of Church and State in 1905 had expelled many religious orders from France, declared all Church buildings to be government property, and had led to the closure of most Church schools. Since that time Pope Benedict XV had sought a rapprochement, but it was not achieved until the reign of Pope Pius XI. In Maximam gravissimamque (1924), many areas of dispute were tacitly settled and a bearable coexistence made possible.[49] - In 1926, worried by the agnosticism of its leader Charles Maurras, Pius XI condemned the monarchist movement Action Française. The Pope also judged that it was folly for the French Church to continue to tie its fortunes to the unlikely dream of a monarchist restoration, and distrusted the movement's tendency to defend the Catholic religion in merely utilitarian and nationalistic terms.[50][51] Prior to this, Action Française had operated with the support of a great number of French lay Catholics, such as Jacques Maritain, as well as members of the clergy. Pius XI's decision was strongly criticized by Cardinal Billot who believed that the political activities of monarchist Catholics should not be censured by Rome.[52] He later resigned from his position as Cardinal, the only man to do so in the twentieth century, which is believed by some to have been the ultimate result of Pius XI's condemnation,[53] though these claims have been disputed.[b] Pius XI's successor, Pope Pius XII, repealed the papal ban on the group in 1939, once again allowing Catholics to associate themselves with the movement.[56] However, despite Pius XII's actions to rehabilitate the group, Action Française ultimately never recovered to their former status. - Pius XI aimed to end the long breach between the papacy and the Italian government and to gain recognition once more of the sovereign independence of the Holy See. Most of the Papal States had been seized by the forces of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1861–1878) in 1860 at the foundation of the modern unified Italian state, and the rest, including Rome, in 1870. The Papacy and the Italian Government had been at loggerheads ever since: the Popes had refused to recognise the Italian state's seizure of the Papal States, instead withdrawing to become prisoners in the Vatican, and the Italian government's policies had always been anti-clerical. Now Pius XI thought a compromise would be the best solution. - To bolster his own new regime, Benito Mussolini was also eager for an agreement. After years of negotiation, in 1929, the Pope supervised the signing of the Lateran Treaties with the Italian government. According to the terms of the treaty that was one of the agreed documents, Vatican City was given sovereignty as an independent nation in return for the Vatican relinquishing its claim to the former territories of the Papal States. Pius XI thus became a head of state (albeit the smallest state in the world), the first Pope who could be termed a head of state since the Papal States fell after the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The concordat that was another of the agreed documents of 1929 recognised Catholicism as the sole religion of the state (as it already was under Italian law, while other religions were tolerated), paid salaries to priests and bishops, gave civil recognition to church marriages (previously couples had to have a civil ceremony), and brought religious instruction into the public schools. In turn, the bishops swore allegiance to the Italian state, which had veto power over their selection.[57] The Church was not officially obligated its support the Fascist regime; the strong differences remained, but the seething hostility ended. Friction continued over the Catholic Action youth network, which Mussolini wanted to merge into his Fascist youth group.[58] - The third document in the agreement paid the Vatican 1750 million lira (about $100 million) for the seizures of church property since 1860. Pius XI invested the money in the stock markets and real estate. To manage these investments, the Pope appointed the lay-person Bernardino Nogara, who, through shrewd investing in stocks, gold, and futures markets, significantly increased the Catholic Church's financial holdings. The income largely paid for the upkeep of the expensive-to-maintain stock of historic buildings in the Vatican which until 1870 had been maintained through funds raised from the Papal States. - The Vatican's relationship with Mussolini's government deteriorated drastically after 1930 as Mussolini's totalitarian ambitions began to impinge more and more on the autonomy of the Church. For example, the Fascists tried to absorb the Church's youth groups. In response, Pius issued the encyclical Non abbiamo bisogno (""We Have No Need)"" in 1931. It denounced the regime's persecution of the church in Italy and condemned ""pagan worship of the State.""[59] It also condemned Fascism's ""revolution which snatches the young from the Church and from Jesus Christ, and which inculcates in its own young people hatred, violence and irreverence"".[60] - From the earliest days of the Nazi takeover in Germany, the Vatican was taking diplomatic action to attempt to defend the Jews of Germany.[citation needed] In the spring of 1933, Pope Pius XI urged Mussolini to ask Hitler to restrain the anti-Semitic actions taking place in Germany.[61] Mussolini urged Pius to excommunicate Hitler,[when?] as he thought it would render him less powerful in Catholic Austria and reduce the danger to Italy and wider Europe. The Vatican refused to comply and thereafter Mussolini began to work with Hitler, adopting his anti-Semitic and race theories.[62] In 1936, with the Church in Germany facing clear persecution, Italy and Germany agreed to the Berlin-Rome Axis.[63] - The Nazis, like the Pope, were unalterably opposed to Communism. In the years leading up to the 1933 election, the German bishops opposed the NSDAP (Nazis) by proscribing German Catholics from joining and participating in the NSDAP (Nazi) party. This changed by the end of March after Cardinal Michael Von Fauhaber of Munich met with the Pope. One author claims that Pius expressed support for the regime soon after Hitler's rise to power, with the author asserting that he said, ""I have changed my mind about Hitler, it is for the first time that such a government voice has been raised to denounce Bolshevism in such categorical terms, joining with the voice of the pope.""[64] - A threatening, though initially mainly sporadic persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany followed the 1933 Nazi takeover in Germany.[65] In the dying days of the Weimar Republic, the newly appointed Chancellor Adolf Hitler moved quickly to eliminate political Catholicism. Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen was dispatched to Rome to negotiate a Reich concordat with the Holy See.[66] Ian Kershaw wrote that the Vatican was anxious to reach an agreement with the new government, despite ""continuing molestation of Catholic clergy, and other outrages committed by Nazi radicals against the Church and its organisations"".[67] Negotiations were conducted by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII (1939–1958). The Reichskonkordat was signed by Pacelli and by the German government in June 1933, and included guarantees of liberty for the Church, independence for Catholic organisations and youth groups, and religious teaching in schools.[68] The treaty was an extension of existing concordats already signed with Prussia and Bavaria, but wrote Hebblethwaite, it seemed ""more like a surrender than anything else: it involved the suicide of the Centre Party... "".[48] - ""The agreement"", wrote William Shirer, ""was hardly put to paper before it was being broken by the Nazi Government"". On 25 July, the Nazis promulgated their sterilization law, an offensive policy in the eyes of the Catholic Church. Five days later, moves began to dissolve the Catholic Youth League. Clergy, nuns and lay leaders began to be targeted, leading to thousands of arrests over the ensuing years, often on trumped up charges of currency smuggling or ""immorality"".[69] - In February 1936, Hitler sent Pius a telegram congratulating the Pope on the anniversary of his coronation, but he responded with criticisms of what was happening in Germany, so much so that Neurath, the foreign secretary, wanted to suppress it, but Pius insisted it be forwarded.[70] - The pope supported the Christian Socialists in Austria, a country with a majority Catholic population but a powerful secular element. He especially supported the regime of Engelbert Dollfuss (1932–1934), who wanted to remold society based on papal encyclicals. Dollfuss suppressed the anti-clerical elements and the socialists but was assassinated by the Austrian Nazis in 1934. His successor Kurt von Schuschnigg (1934–1938) was also pro-Catholic and received Vatican support.[71] The Anschluss saw the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in early 1938.[72] Austria was overwhelmingly Catholic.[73] - At the direction of Cardinal Innitzer, the churches of Vienna pealed their bells and flew swastikas for Hitler's arrival in the city on 14 March.[74] However, wrote Mark Mazower, such gestures of accommodation were ""not enough to assuage the Austrian Nazi radicals, foremost among them the young Gauleiter Globocnik"".[75] Globocnik launched a crusade against the Church, and the Nazis confiscated property, closed Catholic organisations and sent many priests to Dachau.[75] Anger at the treatment of the Church in Austria grew quickly and October 1938, wrote Mazower, saw the ""very first act of overt mass resistance to the new regime"", when a rally of thousands left Mass in Vienna chanting ""Christ is our Fuehrer"", before being dispersed by police.[76] A Nazi mob ransacked Cardinal Innitzer's residence, after he had denounced Nazi persecution of the Church.[73] The American National Catholic Welfare Conference wrote that Pope Pius, ""again protested against the violence of the Nazis, in language recalling Nero and Judas the Betrayer, comparing Hitler with Julian the Apostate.""[77] - The Nazis claimed jurisdiction over all collective and social activity, interfered with Catholic schooling, youth groups, workers' clubs and cultural societies.[78] By early 1937, the church hierarchy in Germany, which had initially attempted to co-operate with the new government, had become highly disillusioned. In March, Pope Pius XI issued the Mit brennender Sorge encyclical – accusing the Nazi Government of violations of the 1933 Concordat, and further that it was sowing the ""tares of suspicion, discord, hatred, calumny, of secret and open fundamental hostility to Christ and His Church"". The Pope noted on the horizon the ""threatening storm clouds"" of religious wars of extermination over Germany.[69] - Copies had to be smuggled into Germany so they could be read from their pulpits.[79] -The encyclical, the only one ever written in German, was addressed to German bishops and was read in all parishes of Germany. The actual writing of the text is credited to Munich Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber and to the Cardinal Secretary of State, Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII.[80] - There was no advance announcement of the encyclical, and its distribution was kept secret in an attempt to ensure the unhindered public reading of its contents in all the Catholic churches of Germany. This encyclical condemned particularly the paganism of Nazism, the myth of race and blood, and fallacies in the Nazi conception of God: - Whoever exalts race, or the people, or the State, or a particular form of State, or the depositories of power, or any other fundamental value of the human community – however necessary and honorable be their function in worldly things – whoever raises these notions above their standard value and divinizes them to an idolatrous level, distorts and perverts an order of the world planned and created by God; he is far from the true faith in God and from the concept of life which that faith upholds.[81] The Nazis responded with an intensification of their campaign against the churches, beginning around April.[82] There were mass arrests of clergy and church presses were expropriated.[83] - While numerous German Catholics, who participated in the secret printing and distribution of the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge, went to jail and concentration camps, the Western democracies remained silent, which Pius XI labeled bitterly a ""conspiracy of silence"".[84][85] As the extreme nature of Nazi racial anti-Semitism became obvious, and as Mussolini in the late 1930s began imitating Hitler's anti-Jewish race laws in Italy, Pius XI continued to make his position clear, both in Mit brennender Sorge and after Fascist Italy's Manifesto of Race was published, in a public address in the Vatican to Belgian pilgrims in 1938: ""Mark well that in the Catholic Mass, Abraham is our Patriarch and forefather. Anti-Semitism is incompatible with the lofty thought which that fact expresses. It is a movement with which we Christians can have nothing to do. No, no, I say to you it is impossible for a Christian to take part in anti-Semitism. It is inadmissible. Through Christ and in Christ we are the spiritual progeny of Abraham. Spiritually, we [Christians] are all Semites""[86] These comments were reported by neither Osservatore Romano nor Vatican Radio.[87] They were reported in Belgium on 14 September 1938 issue of La Libre Belgique[88] and on 17 September 1938 issue of French Catholic daily La Croix.[89] They were then published worldwide but had little resonance at the time in the secular media.[84] The ""conspiracy of silence"" included not only the silence of secular powers against the horrors of Nazism but also their silence on the persecution of the Church in Mexico, the Soviet Union and Spain. Despite these public comments, Pius was reported to have suggested privately that the Church's problems in those three countries were ""reinforced by the anti-Christian spirit of Judaism"".[90] - When the then-newly installed Nazi government began to instigate its program of anti-Semitism in 1933, Pius XI ordered the papal nuncio in Berlin, Cesare Orsenigo, to ""look into whether and how it may be possible to become involved"" in their aid. Orsenigo proved a poor instrument in this regard, concerned more with the anti-church policies of the Nazis and how these might affect German Catholics, than with taking action to help German Jews.[91] - On 11 November 1938, following Kristallnacht, Pius XI joined Western leaders in condemning the pogrom. In response, the Nazis organised mass demonstrations against Catholics and Jews in Munich, and the Bavarian Gauleiter Adolf Wagner declared before 5,000 protesters: ""Every utterance the Pope makes in Rome is an incitement of the Jews throughout the world to agitate against Germany"".[92] On 21 November, in an address to the world's Catholics, the Pope rejected the Nazi claim of racial superiority, and insisted instead that there was only a single human race. Robert Ley, the Nazi Minister of Labour declared the following day in Vienna: ""No compassion will be tolerated for the Jews. We deny the Pope's statement that there is but one human race. The Jews are parasites."" Catholic leaders, including Cardinal Schuster of Milan, Cardinal van Roey in Belgium and Cardinal Verdier in Paris, backed the Pope's strong condemnation of Kristallnacht.[93] - Under Pius XI, papal relations with East Asia were marked by the rise of the Japanese Empire to prominence, as well as the unification of China under Chiang Kai-shek. In 1922 he established the position of Apostolic Delegate to China, and the first person in that capacity was Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini.[94] On 1 August 1928, the Pope addressed a message of support for the political unification of China. Following the Japanese invasion of North China in 1931 and the creation of Manchukuo, the Holy See recognized the new state. On 10 September 1938, the Pope held a reception at Castel Gandolfo for an official delegation from Manchukuo, headed by Manchukuoan Minister of Foreign Affairs Han Yun.[95] - Mother Katharine Drexel, who founded the American order of Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People, corresponded with Pius XI, as she had with his papal predecessors. (In 1887, Pope Leo XIII had encouraged Katharine Drexel—then a young Philadelphia socialite— to do missionary work with America's disadvantaged people of color). In the early 1930s, Mother Drexel wrote Pius XI asking him to bless a publicity campaign to acquaint white Catholics with the needs of these disadvantaged races among them. An emissary had shown him photos of Xavier University, a HBCU in New Orleans which Mother Drexel had founded to provide higher education to Catholic African-Americans. Pius XI replied promptly, sending his blessing and encouragement. Upon his return, the emissary told Mother Katharine that the Pope said he had read the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin as a boy, and it had ignited his lifelong concern for the American Negro.[96] - In 1930, Pius XI declared the Immaculate Conception under the title of Our Lady of Aparecida as the Queen and Patroness of Brazil.[97] - Pius XI was faced with unprecedented persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico and Spain and with the persecution of all Christians especially the Eastern Catholic Churches in the Soviet Union. He called this the ""terrible triangle"".[98] - Worried by the persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union, Pius XI mandated Berlin nuncio Eugenio Pacelli to work secretly on diplomatic arrangements between the Vatican and the Soviet Union. Pacelli negotiated food shipments for Russia and met with Soviet representatives, including Foreign Minister Georgi Chicherin, who rejected any kind of religious education and the ordination of priests and bishops but offered agreements without the points vital to the Vatican.[99] Despite Vatican pessimism and a lack of visible progress, Pacelli continued the secret negotiations, until Pius XI ordered them discontinued in 1927 because they generated no results and would be dangerous to the Church if made public. - The ""harsh persecution short of total annihilation of the clergy, monks, and nuns and other people associated with the Church"",[100] continued well into the 1930s. In addition to executing and exiling many clerics, monks and laymen, the confiscating of Church implements ""for victims of famine"" and the closing of churches were common.[101] Yet according to an official report based on the census of 1936, some 55% of Soviet citizens identified themselves openly as religious.[101] - During the pontificate of Pius XI, the Catholic Church was subjected to extreme persecutions in Mexico, which resulted in the death of over 5,000 priests, bishops and followers.[102] In the state of Tabasco the Church was in effect outlawed altogether. In his encyclical Iniquis afflictisque[103] from 18 November 1926, Pope Pius protested against the slaughter and persecution. The United States intervened in 1929 and moderated an agreement.[102] The persecutions resumed in 1931. Pius XI condemned the Mexican government again in his 1932 encyclical Acerba animi. Problems continued with reduced hostilities until 1940, when in the new pontificate of Pope Pius XII President Manuel Ávila Camacho returned the Mexican churches to the Catholic Church.[102] - There were 4,500 Mexican priests serving the Mexican people before the rebellion, in 1934, over 90% of them suffered persecution as only 334 priests were licensed by the government to serve fifteen million people. Excluding foreign religious, over 4,100 Mexican priests were eliminated by emigration, expulsion and assassination.[104][105] By 1935, 17 Mexican states were left with no priests at all.[106] - The Republican government which came to power in Spain in 1931 was strongly anti-clerical, secularising education, prohibiting religious education in the schools, and expelling the Jesuits from the country. On Pentecost 1932, Pope Pius XI protested against these measures and demanded restitution. - Pius XI accepted the Reunion Movement of Mar Ivanios along with four other members of the Malankara Orthodox Church in 1930. As a result of the Reunion Movement, the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is in full communion with the Bishop of Rome and the Catholic Church. - The Fascist government in Italy abstained from copying Germany's racial and anti-Semitic laws and regulations until 1938 when Italy introduced anti-Semitic legislation. The Pope publicly asked Italy to abstain from adopting a demeaning racist legislation, stating that the term ""race"" is divisive but may be appropriate to differentiate animals.[107] The Catholic view would refer to ""the unity of human society"", which includes as many differences as music includes intonations. Italy, a civilized country, should not ape the barbarian German legislation, he said.[108] In the same speech, he criticized the Italian government for attacking Catholic Action and even the papacy itself. - In April 1938, at the request of Pius XI, the Sacred Congregation of seminaries and universities developed a syllabus condemning racist theories. Its publication was postponed.[109] - In one historian's view: - By the time of his death ... Pius XI had managed to orchestrate a swelling chorus of Church protests against the racial legislation and the ties that bound Italy to Germany. He had single-mindedly continued to denounce the evils of the Nazi regime at every possible opportunity and feared above all else the re-opening of the rift between Church and State in his beloved Italy. He had, however, few tangible successes. There had been little improvement in the position of the Church in Germany and there was growing hostility to the Church in Italy on the part of the fascist regime. Almost the only positive result of the last years of his pontificate was a closer relationship with the liberal democracies and yet, even this was seen by many as representing a highly partisan stance on the part of the Pope.[110] Pius XI planned an encyclical Humani generis unitas (The Unity of the Human Race) to denounce racism in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, as well as antisemitism, colonialism and violent German nationalism. He died without issuing it.[111] - Pius XI's successor, Pius XII, who was not aware of the text before the death of his predecessor,[112] chose not to publish it. His first encyclical Summi Pontificatus (""On the Supreme Pontificate"", 12 October 1939), published after the beginning of World War II, bore the title On the Unity of Human Society and used many of the arguments of the document drafted for Pius XI, while avoiding its negative characterizations of the Jewish people. - To denounce racism and anti-Semitism, Pius XI sought out the American journalist priest John LaFarge SJ and summoned him to Castel Gandolfo on 25 June 1938. The pope told the Jesuit that he planned to write an encyclical denouncing racism, and asked LaFarge to help write it while swearing him to strict silence. LaFarge took up this task in secret in Paris, but the Jesuit Superior-General Wlodimir Ledóchowski SJ promised the pope and LaFarge that he would facilitate the encyclical's production. This proved to be a hindrance since Ledóchowski was privately an anti-Semite and conspired to block Lafarge's efforts whenever and wherever possible. In late September 1938, the Jesuit had finished his work and returned to Rome, where Ledóchowski welcomed him and promised to deliver the work to the pope immediately. LaFarge was directed to return to the United States, while Ledóchowski concealed the draft from the pope, who remained wholly unaware of what had transpired.[113] - But in the fall of 1938, LaFarge had realized the Pope still had not received the draft and sent a letter to Pius XI where he implied that Ledóchowski had the document in his possession. Pius XI demanded that the draft be delivered to him, but did not receive it until 21 January 1939 with a note from Ledóchowski, who warned that the draft's language was excessive and advised caution. Pius XI planned to issue the encyclical following his meeting with bishops on 11 February, but died before both the meeting and encyclical's promulgation could take place.[113] - Pius XI was seen as a blunt-spoken and no-nonsense man, qualities he shared with Pope Pius X. He was passionate about science and was fascinated with the power of radio, which would soon result in the founding and inauguration of Vatican Radio. He was intrigued by new forms of technology that he employed during his pontificate. He was also known for a rare smile. - Pius XI was known[114] to have a temper at times[114] and was someone who had a keen sense of knowledge and dignity of the office he held.[114] He insisted that he eat alone with no one around him[114] and would not allow his assistants or any other priests or clergy to dine with him.[114] He would frequently meet with political figures[citation needed] but would always greet them seated.[citation needed] He insisted that when his brother and sister wanted to see him, they had to refer to him as ""Your Holiness""[114] and book an appointment.[114] - Pius XI was also a very demanding individual, certainly one of the stricter pontiffs at that time. He held very high standards and did not tolerate any sort of behaviour that was not up to that standard.[114] In regard to Angelo Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII, a diplomatic blunder in Bulgaria, where Roncalli was stationed, led Pius XI to make Roncalli kneel for 45 minutes as a punishment.[115][114] However when in due course Pius learned that Roncalli had made the error in circumstances for which he could not fairly be considered culpable, he apologized to him. Aware of the implied impropriety of a Supreme Pontiff's going back on a reprimand in a matter concerning Catholic faith and morals,[116] but also deeply conscious that on a human level he had failed to keep his temper in check, he made his apology ""as Achille Ratti"" and in doing so stretched out his hand in friendship to Monsignor Roncalli.[117] - Pius XI had been ill for some time when, on 25 November 1938, he suffered two heart attacks within several hours. He had serious breathing problems and could not leave his apartment.[118] He gave his last major pontifical address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, which he had founded, speaking without a prepared text on the relation between science and the Catholic religion.[119] Medical specialists reported that heart insufficiency combined with bronchial attacks had hopelessly complicated his already poor prospects. - Pius XI died at 5:31 a.m. (Rome time) of a third heart attack on 10 February 1939, at the age of 81. His last words to those near him at the time of his death were spoken with clarity and firmness: ""My soul parts from you all in peace.""[120] Some believe he was murdered, based on the fact that his primary physician was Dr. Francesco Petacci, father of Claretta Petacci, Mussolini's mistress.[121][122][123][124][125] Cardinal Eugène Tisserant wrote in his diary that the pope had been murdered, which was a statement that Carlo Confalonieri later strongly denied.[113] - The Pope's last audible words were reported to have been: ""peace, peace"" as he died. Those at his bedside at 4:00 am realized that the pontiff's end was near, at which stage the sacrist was summoned to administer the final sacrament to the pope 11 minutes before the pope's death. The pontiff's confessor Cardinal Lorenzo Lauri arrived a few seconds too late. After his final words, the pope's lips moved slowly with Dr. Rocchi saying it was occasionally possible to discern that the pope was making an effort to recite a Latin prayer.[126] About half a minute before his death, Pius XI raised his right hand weakly and tried making the sign of the Cross to impart his last blessing to those gathered at his bedside. One of the last things the pontiff was reported to have said was ""We still had so many things to do"" and died among a low murmur of psalms recited from those present. Upon his death, his face was covered by a white veil. Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, in accordance with his duties as Camerlengo lifted the veil and gently struck the pope's forehead three times reciting his Christian name (Achille) and pausing for an answer to confirm truly if the pope had died, before turning to those present and in Latin saying: ""Truly the pope is dead.""[126] - Upon Pius XI's death, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury Cosmo Lang paid tribute to the pope's efforts for world peace, calling him a man of ""sincere piety"" who bore his duties with exceptional ""dignity and courage"". Others who sent messages of condolences were Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, the former visiting the Vatican to pay his respects to the deceased pontiff. Flags were flown half-staff in Rome, Paris, and Berlin.[126] - Pius XI's body was placed in a wooden coffin, placed in a bronze casket, which was then placed in a lead casket.[127] The casket was designed by Antonio Berti.[128] Following the funeral, Pius XI was buried in the crypt of St. Peter's Basilica on 14 February 1939, in the Chapel of Saint Sebastian, close to the tomb of Saint Peter.[129] His tomb was modified in 1944 to be more ornate.[130] - Pius XI is remembered as the pope who reigned between the two great wars of the 20th century. The onetime librarian also reorganized the Vatican archives. Nevertheless, Pius XI was hardly a withdrawn and bookish figure. He was also a well-known mountain climber with many peaks in the Alps named after him, he having been the first to scale them.[131] - A Chilean glacier bears Pius XI's name.[132] In 1942, Bishop T. B. Pearson founded the Achille Ratti Climbing Club, based in the United Kingdom and named for Pius XI.[133] - Pius XI also refounded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936, with the aim of turning it into the ""scientific senate"" of the Church. Hostile to any form of ethnic or religious discrimination, he appointed over eighty academicians from a variety of countries, backgrounds and areas of research.[134] In his honour, John XXIII established the Pius XI Medal that the Council of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences awards to a young scientist under the age of 45 who has distinguished himself or herself at the international level.[135] - The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church founded a school in his name in Kattanam, Mavelikkara, Kerala, India.[136] - Pius XI High School in Milwaukee Wisconsin, founded in 1929, is named in honor of the pontiff. -",2023-08-26 17:14:49 -Magericyon - Wikipedia," - Magericyon is an extinct genus of Amphicyonid (""bear-dog"") that lived during the Miocene 10-9 Ma (Vallesian Age) in what is now Spain. - The appearance of this animal was vaguely similar to that of a particularly robust, large felid, but the skull resembles that of a canid or an ursid, like that of many amphicyonids. Unlike most other amphicyonids, Magericyon had teeth associated with those of a hypercarnivore, with laterally flattened canines, the third premolar having a single root, the absence of second premolars and a metaconid on its lower molars, with a reduction in the second upper molar. The scapula and the front leg showed primitive features such as an acromion in the shoulder with a reduced caudoventral projection and post scapular pit.[1][2] Magericyon was roughly equivalent to a large leopard in size, weighing around 200 lb (91 kg).[3] - Magericyon was described for the first time in 2008, based on fossils found in Cerro de los Batallones in Spain. The type species is Magericyon anceps, but a second species has also been attributed to the genus as M. castellanus, described in 1981 and initially attributed to the genus Amphicyon. Magericyon is part of the family of amphicyonidae, a group of very common carnivores ranging from the Eocene to the Miocene, and which occupied many different ecological niches. Magericyon is the last amphicyonid known from Western Europe, but its features are mixed; on one hand the teeth were very specialized, while on the other, front limb and morphology of the scapula was more primitive. Evidence also indicates that Magericyon was closely related to Amphicyon.[1][2] - Magericyon occupied a different ecological niche than other amphicyonids, such as the larger Amphicyon and Ysengrinia (which had lifestyles more akin to bears) or Daphoenodon and Temnocyon of North America, which were more capable runners. Magericyon probably lived in a similar manner to that of modern felines, being an ambush hunter of large prey.[1][2] Studies by Gemo Siliceo et al also revealed that Magericyon had powerful jaw and neck muscles that helped to stabilize its head and jaws during a bite. The amphicyonid was particularly adept at side-to-side movements and rotations of the head. This feature allowed Magericyon to swiftly and efficiently process the meat on a carcass, allowing the bear-dog to devour sufficient amounts of flesh before scavengers arrived to steal the predator's hard-earned meal.[3] - As a carnivore at Cerro de los Battalones, Magericyon shared the apex predator position with two saber-toothed cat species, the leopard-sized Promegantereon ogygia and the tiger-sized Machairodus aphanistus. Evidence indicates that the large carnivores may have co-existed using niche partitioning. A carbon-13 bone analysis matched isotope profiles in prey species with their predators, showing both cats hunted prey that typically live in closed woodland habitats, such as pigs (Microstonyx) and perhaps occasionally young of the ""tetralophodont gomphothere"" Tetralophodon. Magericyon ate medium-sized prey that live in more open habitats, with the antelope Austroportax being an important food source and hipparionine horses also present in the diet. Because the site attracted all three species as a predator trap, Magericyon must also have taken carrion or injured animals of various kinds, though its teeth show it was specialized as a hypercarnivore without the bone-cracking adaptations of many other bear-dogs.[4] Magericyon may have competed at times with large omnivorous bears such as Agriotherium and Indarctos, but these genera focused more on vegetable food[5][6]. As well as Austroportax and Hippotherium, its prey could have included young of the hornless rhinoceros Aceratherium and possibly the calves of the large silvatherid giraffes and boselaphine antelopes. Since its choice of prey suggests life in open country, but its legs were not designed for speed, Magericyon probably would have wasted no time in stealing a meal from any of the smaller carnivores in the region or in scavenging when the opportunity presented itself.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:14:53 -Saint-Georges-Haute-Ville - Wikipedia," - Saint-Georges-Haute-Ville (French pronunciation: ​[sɛ̃ ʒɔʁʒ ot vil]) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.[3] - - This Loire geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:14:57 -A Hole in My Heart - Wikipedia,"A Hole in My Heart (Swedish: Ett hål i mitt hjärta) is a 2004 Swedish experimental drama film written and directed by Lukas Moodysson, starring Thorsten Flinck, Sanna Bråding, Björn Almroth and Goran Marjanovic. The story revolves around a man who makes a pornographic film in his apartment with a male friend and a woman, while his teenage son stays in his room and listens to ambient noise music. - The film is notable for its explicit imagery, including close-ups of vaginal reconstruction surgery, an uncomfortable anal sex scene, a masturbation scene with a toothbrush, and an extended scene about the woman's vagina. Moodysson leaves the interpretation of the film to the viewer: ""I have cooked you a delicious meal, but I'm not going to chew it for you.""[1] - In an apartment somewhere in Sweden, a woman, a man and his friend are recording an amateur porn movie, while the one man's teenage son is trying to stay out of their way in his room. As time progresses, their filming gets out of hand. All the while, the father is concerned that his son has no respect for him, and the son is concerned about how his father treats the woman. - Moodysson's original intent was to have the film taking place in the United States, using an American cast. Research was made about the American porn industry, but eventually Moodysson decided to set the story in Sweden: ""I was, like, hit by a truck — and that truck was Lilya 4-ever. When I tried to return to that American version, some kind of story that takes place in the American porn industry, I discovered I couldn’t do it. I had to transform it into this much smaller and more claustrophobic Swedish story.""[2] - Filming took place during 4 weeks in Trollhättan.[1] The film was shot digitally with DVCams.[3] After the first day of filming, Thorsten Flinck went to a hospital and lied to a doctor about having an aching back, which prompted the doctor to give him three morphine pills. When Flinck woke up the next morning he started the day by swallowing all three pills. He was nearly fired when he arrived at the set on drugs, but was given a second chance. The rest of the production was free from incidents.[4] - The film premiered at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in Sweden on 17 September 2004. The theatrical poster featured a warning sign about strong images.[1] Lukas Moodysson has expressed disapproval over the future VHS and DVD releases of the film (the decision to release it was out of his hands) — he would have preferred a theatres-only release, to avoid children being exposed to it.[citation needed] - The Swedish reception was split. With a few reservations, Malena Janson at Svenska Dagbladet rated the film 5 out of 6 and praised Moodysson for his daring approach: ""A Hole in My Heart consolidates Moodysson's role as the fearless innovator, border stretcher and truth teller in European cinema - who fully masters, and isn't reluctant to use, the film medium's artistic and political possibilities. To the delight of those who dare to watch.""[5] Jens Peterson at Aftonbladet respected the film for being uncompromising, but couldn't give it a higher rating than 2 out of 5: ""Several times, the narrative style stands in the way of the story. A Hole in My Heart is both more overly obvious and stranger than Moodysson's three earlier, better, films. Occasionally even tedious, a word you never could have used about Moodysson.""[6] - The film was poorly received by English-language critics. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 44% based on reviews from 18 critics.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:15:01 -Cyrville - Wikipedia," - Cyrville (also referred to as Cummings) is a neighbourhood in Beacon Hill-Cyrville Ward in the east-end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.[1] The area is located within the former City of Gloucester, and is roughly bounded on the north, west and south by the former Gloucester City limit, and on the east by the Aviation Parkway and Highway 417. Once a francophone farming village, the area now a mix of residential and industrial land, being home to the Cyrville Industrial Area. It has been described as a ""tangle of freeways and utility corridors"".[2] It has a population of 4513 (2016 census), 280 of which live south of the Queensway.[3] - The area was founded as the Village of Cyrville in 1853 by Michel Cyr, when he bought lot 27, 2nd Concession, Ottawa front of Gloucester Township. This area runs from Innes Road in the south to Ogilvie Road in the north and from St. Laurent Boulevard in the west to Cummings Avenue in the east. A post office was built in 1850 and was named Cyrville in 1892. It was closed down in 1965. - The founding settlers of the village were French Catholics. In 1871, the Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes-de-Cyrville church was built, and was considered the ""spiritual centre"" for the community.[4] A school was built around the same time. The Canadian National Railway was built through the village in 1909 along with a station. The railway was removed in the 1930s, and the right of way would later be used to build a powerline.[5] A Canadian Pacific Railway line ran further south through southern part of the village, which was called Willowdale.[6] This railway still exists to this day, and is used by VIA Rail. The north part of the neighbourhood, sometimes referred to as ""Cummings"" began to be built in the late 1970s and 1980s.[7] In the mid-2000s the Place des Gouverneurs condominium development was built by Richcraft Homes off of Ogilvie.[8] Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes-de-Cyrville closed in 2009,[9] and is now a Chinese Catholic church. -",2023-08-26 17:15:05 -Rampie Stander - Wikipedia," - Jacobus Casperus Johannes 'Rampie' Stander (25 December 1944 – 28 August 1980) was a South African rugby union player.[1] - Born in Cape Town, Stander grew up in Vanderbijlpark and after he finished school, enrolled at Stellenbosch University for a law degree. He played rugby for the University from 1966 to 1971 and during this time made his senior provincial debut for Western Province. Stander moved to Bloemfontein in 1972 and continued his playing career with the Free State.[2] - Stander was selected on the replacement bench for the Springboks during the test series against the 1974 touring British Lions team. He did not get an opportunity during the first three tests and made his test debut during the fourth test against the Lions when he replaced Niek Bezuidenhout after seventeen minutes in the second half. Stander toured with the Springboks to France at the end of 1974, but Bezuidenhout regained his place for the test series during the tour. In 1976 Stander was selected for all four test matches against the touring All Blacks.[3] Stander played five tests and three tour matches for South Africa and scored one try during a tour match.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:15:08 -John Brookfield - Wikipedia,"John Brookfield, (born 30 May 1955), is a British population geneticist. He is Professor of Evolutionary Genetics at the University of Nottingham,[1] in the School of Biology. - Brookfield is interested in how the genome evolves and has recently focussed on the evolution of DNA sequences which control development, particularly in Drosophila, and on the evolution of transposable elements. - Brookfield received his BA in Zoology from the University of Oxford 1976. He received his Ph.D. in Population Genetics at the University of London in 1980. Following a post as Research Demonstrator in Genetics at the University College of Swansea from 1979 to 1981, he became a visiting fellow in the Laboratory of Genetics at The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina from 1981 to 1983. Returning to the UK, he became a lecturer in genetics at the University of Leicester from 1983 to 1986. He is now Professor of evolutionary genetics at the University of Nottingham.[1] - Brookfield is an invited Fellow of the Society of Biology [2] was appointed Fellow of the Institute of Biology in 2009, and has served as vice-president (External Relations) of the Genetics Society.[3] -He served on the UK RAE panel for the assessment of Biological Sciences in both 2001 and 2008.[1] - In 2006, Brookfield was invited to comment on the Chicken or the egg controversy, along with a number of others. All parties came down on the egg first side of the debate. Brookfield gives his reasoning as ""The first chicken must have differed from its parents by some genetic change, perhaps a very subtle one, but one which caused this bird to be the first ever to fulfil our criteria for truly being a chicken. Thus the living organism inside the eggshell would have had the same DNA as the chicken that it would develop into, and thus would itself be a member of the species of chicken.""[4] - To further public understanding of evolutionary genetics, Brookfield has created a podcast explaining some of the issues,[5] and as part of the Nottingham University 200 years of Darwin Celebrations, delivered Darwin's famous lecture On the Origin of the Species, in full Victorian dress.[6] He has additionally written in the media about DNA profiling.[7] - Carr, M., Soloway, J.R., Robinson, T.E., and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2001) An investigation of the cause of low variability on the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18, 2260–2269. - Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2001) Genome evolution. Pp. 351–372 in: Handbook of Statistical Genetics. Eds. M. Bishop, D. Balding & C. Cannings John Wiley Chichester. - Johnson, L.J. and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2002) Evolutionary dynamics of a selfishly spreading gene that stimulates sexual reproduction in a partially sexual population. J. Evolutionary Biology 15, 42–48. - Carr, M., Soloway, J.R., Robinson, T.E. and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2002) Mechanisms regulating the copy numbers of six LTR retrotransposons in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 110, 511–518. - Edwards, R.J., Sockett, R.E., and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2002) A simple method for genome-wide screening for advantageous insertions of mobile DNAs in Escherichia coli. Current Biology 12, 863–867. - Edwards, R. J. and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2003) Transiently beneficial insertions could maintain mobile DNA sequences in variable environments. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20, 30–37. - Johnson, L.J. and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2003) Evolution of spatial expression pattern. Evolution and Development 5, 593–599. - Phinchongsakuldit, J., MacArthur, S., and Brookfield, J.F.Y. (2004) Evolution of developmental genes: Molecular microevolution of enhancer sequences at the Ubx locus in Drosophila and its impact on developmental phenotypes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21, 348–363. -",2023-08-26 17:15:12 -Phil Drummond - Wikipedia," - Phil Drummond (born Philip Phillips) is a British electronic music producer best known for his work with the band Xpansions and singer and actress Sally Ann Marsh and their song ""Move Your Body."" - Drummond was brought up in a working-class family in the London borough of Enfield. He attended Bullsmoor Secondary school (now Lea Valley High School) until 1990. His professional career in electronic music started when he was still in school. - In the 1990s, Drummond, nicknamed Pip, had four UK top 40 singles as Xpansions and Marradonna alongside Richie Malone while signed to Arista Records and Pete Waterman Entertainment,.[1] He appeared on the BBC One TV show Top of the Pops. Resident Advisor magazine described him as a ""pioneer of dance music. Phil Drummond was one half of the dance music group Xpansions, who along with the Prodigy, and The Shamen, brought dance music to the mainstream in the late '80s, early '90s.""[2] - He has been the DJ for many fashion houses and award ceremonies such as The Brit Awards for ITV, MTV and after-show/end of tour parties for acts including Robbie Williams, Jamiroquai and The Rolling Stones.[citation needed] - Drummond was included, alongside 100 of the world's top DJs, in the book DJ's by Lopez: Portrait Photography of International DJ's, released in 2003 by Artist's and Photographers' Press Ltd.[3] - In September 2009, Drummond joined Dominic Madden's Kingdom Entertainment group. KEG acquired The Dex Nightclub, voted Mixmag's best club of the Year 2008. Kingdom Group also owns the online entertainment ticket agency, Bookings First, which launched in March 2009.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 17:15:16 -Gwaneumsan - Wikipedia,"Gwaneumsan is a mountain in the city of Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of 733 m (2,405 ft).[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas38°02′N 127°19′E / 38.033°N 127.317°E / 38.033; 127.317 - This Asia mountain, mountain range, or peak related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This South Korea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:15:19 -Funen (Folketing constituency) - Wikipedia," - Funen (Danish: Fyn) is one of the 12 multi-member constituencies of the Folketing, the national legislature of Denmark. The constituency was established in 2007 following the public administration structural reform. It consists of the municipalities of Ærø, Assens, Faaborg-Midtfyn, Kerteminde, Langeland, Middelfart, Nordfyn, Nyborg, Odense and Svendborg. The constituency currently elects 12 of the 179 members of the Folketing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 general election it had 378,832 registered electors. - Funen currently elects 12 of the 179 members of the Folketing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[4][5] Constituency seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[6][7] Compensatory seats are calculated based on the national vote and are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method, initially at the provincial level and finally at the constituency level.[8][9] Only parties that reach any one of three thresholds stipulated by section 77 of the Folketing (Parliamentary) Elections Act - winning at least one constituency seat; obtaining at least the Hare quota (valid votes in province/number of constituency seats in province) in two of the three provinces; or obtaining at least 2% of the national vote - compete for compensatory seats.[10][11] - (Excludes compensatory seats) - Results of the 2022 general election held on 1 November 2022:[12][13][14][15][16] - Votes per municipality:<[17] - The following candidates were elected:[18][19] - Results of the 2019 general election held on 5 June 2019:[20][21][22][23] - Votes per municipality:[24] - The following candidates were elected:[25][26] - Results of the 2015 general election held on 18 June 2015:[27][28][29][30] - Votes per municipality:[24] - The following candidates were elected:[31][32] - Results of the 2011 general election held on 15 September 2011:[33][34][35][36] - Votes per municipality:[24] - The following candidates were elected:[37][38] - Results of the 2007 general election held on 13 November 2007:[39][40][41][42][43] - Votes per municipality:[24] - The following candidates were elected:[44][45] -",2023-08-26 17:15:26 -Gyan Singh Sohanpal - Wikipedia," - Gyan Singh Sohanpal (11 January 1925 – 8 August 2017), was an Indian politician affiliated with the Indian National Congress and a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly.[1] He is affectionately known as Chacha Ji (""Uncle"" in English) in his constituency of Kharagpur Sadar. - He won his seat Kharagpur Sadar in 1969, 1971, 1972, 1982, 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011.[2] - Since 1969, he only lost elections in 1977 and 2016 when he was 91 years old. - He was MLA for 10 terms.[3] - He contested his first election in 1962 and became a minister in 1969 in Ajoy Mukherjee’s cabinet, taking charge of Small Industries and Jails. In Siddhartha Shankar Ray’s cabinet, he was the Minister for Transport, Jail and Parliamentary Affairs. He has represented Khragpur since 1982, and in the 2011 election, he defeated Anil Kumar Das of the CPI(M) by over 32,000 votes. Following that election, he was the most senior Member of the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal and served briefly as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.[4] He was sworn in as the Speaker by Governor M. K. Narayanan on May 18, 2011. -",2023-08-26 17:15:30 -Zajac - Wikipedia,"Zajac is a common Slavic name, meaning “hare”. Variants include Zajtich, Zaek, Zając, Zajec, Zajić, Zajíc, Zayak, Zayats, Zayets, Zients, Ziontz, Zionce, and Zajonc. A related Russian surname is Zaytsev. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:15:33 -Type 905 replenishment oiler - Wikipedia,"The Type 905 (NATO reporting name: Fuqing) is a class of replenishment oiler (AOR) built for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) by the People's Republic of China (PRC). They were the first ships built to perform underway replenishment in the PLAN.[2] - Four Type 905s were built. The three PLAN ships began entering service by the early-1980s. One was transferred to the Chinese merchant navy in 1989.[2][1] The remainder were likely decommissioned by 2020.[4] The fourth ship entered service with the Pakistan Navy in 1987.[5][6] - The Type 905 has three replenishment positions on each side; the forward two are for liquids, and the rear is for solids.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:15:37 -Huntingdon Furnace - Wikipedia," - Huntingdon Furnace is a national historic district and historic iron furnace and associated buildings located at Franklin Township in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It consists of seven contributing buildings and one contributing structure. They are the iron furnace, office building, the ironmaster's mansion, log worker's house, a residence, the farm manager's residence, the grist mill and the miller's house. The iron furnace was moved to this site in 1805, from its original site one mile upstream. It measures 30 feet square by 30 feet high. The ironmaster's mansion was built in 1851, and is a 2 1/2-story, ""L""-shaped frame dwelling. The grist mill dates to 1808, and is a 3 1/2-story, rubble stone building measuring 50 feet by 45 feet. The furnace was in operation from 1796, until it ceased operations in the 1880s.[2] - It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.[1] - Media related to Huntingdon Furnace at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:15:41 -Giovanni Reale - Wikipedia,"Giovanni Reale (15 April 1931 – 15 October 2014) was an Italian historian of philosophy. - Reale was born in Candia Lomellina, Pavia. He attended the Gymnasium and the Liceo classico of Casale Monferrato, and was then educated at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, where he graduated. He later continued his studies in Marburg an der Lahn and Munich. - After a period of teaching in high schools, he won a professorship at the University of Parma, where he taught courses in moral philosophy and the history of philosophy. He then returned to the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, where he was professor of the history of ancient philosophy for many years, and where he also founded the Centro di Ricerche di Metafisica. In 2005 he moved to teach at the new faculty of philosophy at Vita-Salute San Raffaele University of Milan. - He died on 15 October 2014 in his home in Luino.[1] - His main argument is that categories of Greek philosophy and its particular way of thinking led to the birth and development of the science and technology in the West. - His research interests range throughout the ancient pagan and Christian thought, and his most significant contributions have touched gradually Aristotle, Plato, Plotinus, Socrates and Augustine of Hippo. He studied each of these authors from an against-the-grain perspective, inaugurating, in the opinion of Cornelia de Vogel, a new reading of these authors.[2] - Reale's reinterpretation of Aristotle disputes the positivist-influenced interpretation of Werner Jaeger, according to which the writings of Aristotle are informed by a progression of dominant beliefs: at first, theology, where debate is in reference to God; then metaphysics, where the universal rights of man are the focus; and finally arriving at the viewpoint of science. Reale argued instead the fundamental unity of the metaphysical thought of Aristotle. - Reale was one of the main proponents of the existence of Plato's unwritten doctrines or theory of the principles, a metaphysical theory ascribed to Plato by Aristotle and other ancient philosophers, but not clearly formulated in his writings. According to Reale, the best and most important part of Plato's philosophy was precisely the one orally expounded to the students in the Academy. - Reale's main writings are: -",2023-08-26 17:15:46 -2013 Carleton Ravens football team - Wikipedia,"After a 15-year hiatus, the Carleton University Ravens Canadian football team returned to Canadian Interuniversity Sport play, as part of the 2013 CIS football season. The season began on Labour Day (Sept 2) with a 71–4 loss to the Western Mustangs. The season wrapped up on October 19 when McMaster Marauders defeated Carleton 45–3 at home at Keith Harris Stadium in Ottawa. The team was winless in their 8 games and was outscored 95-390. The team finished last, in 11th place in the OUA conference. - The Ravens play an 8-game schedule, playing all but two OUA football teams, the Laurier Golden Hawks and the Queen's Golden Gaels. - The Panda Game returns for the first time since 1998. -",2023-08-26 17:15:50 -4D (album) - Wikipedia,"4D is a solo album by American jazz pianist Matthew Shipp, which was recorded in 2009 and released on Thirsty Ear's Blue Series. - In his review for AllMusic, Thom Jurek states ""On 4D, Shipp nods to history with keen depth perception and articulates his new directions gracefully.""[1] - The All About Jazz review by John Sharpe notes that ""Shipp features standards and popular songs alongside his own compositions, with some recognizable straight away but others treated so obliquely as to be unrecognizable.""[2] -",2023-08-26 17:15:53 -Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded - Wikipedia,"Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded is a point-and-click adventure game released on June 27, 2013, by N-Fusion Interactive, Intermarum and Replay Games working with series creator Al Lowe and intellectual property holder Codemasters. The game is available for Microsoft Windows via Steam[3] and GOG, OS X, Linux,[4] Android and iOS. It is an enhanced remake of the 1987 Sierra On-Line adventure game Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards. It is the second remake of this game, following the 1991 remake, which featured VGA graphics. - Development was crowdfunded via Kickstarter, and claims the title of ""first major video game to be released with funding from Kickstarter"",[5] being the first release among major crowdfunded games in the video game crowdfunding boom following the successful funding of Broken Age.[6] - Like the first (1991) remake of Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards, the game employs a point-and-click interface over the original 1987 version's text parser. The game consists of a variety of puzzles, which can be solved by looking at, picking up, licking, talking to or using items on a variety of objects and people in the game.[7] - There are five buildings in the game: Lefty's Bar, a mini-mart, a love chapel, a multi-floor casino, and a disco club.[8] The locations are fully explorable to the player from the beginning of the game, although somewhat limited by the money in Larry's wallet, as he needs to pay a cab fare to travel around. Larry can always earn additional money by gambling on the slot machines that are placed all over Lost Wages, but should he run entirely out of money, a local bum will take pity on him and hand him some change to help him get back on his feet.[9] - Plot-wise, the game is closely based on the original version; this extends to the time of the setting, which is still in the 1980s.[10] Larry Laffer, an almost 40-year-old software salesman, having grown weary of his lonely life, has decided to travel to the resort city of Lost Wages (a parody of Las Vegas) in an attempt to lose his virginity and maybe even find true love.[9] Certain characters were replaced or modernized, however, while others were cut from the game. The inventory run is also slightly different, preferring similar items to those used in the original version. - In October 2011, games publisher Replay Games[11] announced a modern remake of Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards, entitled Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded (alternative title Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards: the 25th Anniversary Edition), which would have updated HD graphics, fully vocalized audio and would be released on various platforms including home computers, games consoles and mobile devices, after reaching a licensing agreement with IP holder Codemasters. Replay Games originally planned to have an Israeli game studio Adventure Mob build a cross-platform game using the Unity game engine, but eventually the development was given to New Jersey-based studio N-Fusion Interactive.[1] - To help the project along, a Kickstarter campaign was launched in early April 2012 during which $655,182 (the goal of the project was $500,000) was raised within 30 days from 14,081 backers. Several ex-Sierra Entertainment employees got involved with the project alongside Larry's creator Al Lowe, including Josh Mandel and Leslie Balfour. The soundtrack of the game was composed by Austin Wintory, a Grammy-nominated composer.[2] The remake was promised by the Replay Games team to have an additional girl and expanded dialogue for trying certain things, which were promised to the players if the goal of $650,000 was reached.[12] - Al Lowe stated: ""One of our goals with doing this remake was not to do a remake. We didn’t just want to port the game over with higher-res and better graphics. We wanted to do a much better game and it gave me a chance to fix some of the puzzles that I’ve hated for twenty five years that I wish I had changed back when. [...] And I’d like to say to all of those that pirated the [original Larry] games, we’re going to give you a new chance to come clean and own up—man up—and buy a copy come January.""[13] Lowe also said that the rest of the Leisure Suit Larry series, or even other classic Sierra adventure games, might be remade if sales of this game enabled them to fund future titles.[14] - The game was supposed to be released in October 2012, but once the Kickstarter campaign passed through the $650,000 goal, a new potential love interest was added to the game, a girl named Jasmine.[8][15] The new content was scheduled for a March 2013 release,[16][17] then delayed further to late May/June 2013.[18][19] Al Lowe announced on June 18, 2013, that the final release date would be June 27, 2013 and Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded appeared to be the first Kickstarter game to ship.[6] - Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded received mixed or average reviews from critics. It has an aggregate score of 54.70% on GameRankings[20] (as compared to 80.67% of the original version from 1987[25]) and 56/100 on Metacritic.[21] Nikola Suprak of Hardcore Gamer praised the game for being ""a worthy remake that improves upon the original in every conceivable fashion,""[7] but Jason Venter of GameSpot criticized the game in his review for not having ""enough new gameplay to hide the fact that the original Leisure Suit Larry game was every bit as shallow as its sexually frustrated protagonist.""[8] -",2023-08-26 17:15:57 -"Woodbridge, Tasmania - Wikipedia"," - Woodbridge is a semi-rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Kingborough in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of the town of Kingston. The 2016 census has a population of 503 for the state suburb of Woodbridge.[2] It is located 38 kilometres (24 mi) south of the state capital, Hobart. - Aboriginal Tasmanians have held a strong significance for and connection to the area for as many as 40,000 years.[citation needed] - Woodbridge was gazetted as a locality in 1967.[3] -Originally named Peppermint Bay, it is located on the D'Entrecasteaux Channel.[4] First European settlement was in 1847.[5] Peppermint Bay Post Office opened on 15 May 1854 and the town was renamed Woodbridge in 1881.[6] At the 2006 census, Woodbridge had a population of 271.[7] - The shore of the D'Entrecasteaux Channel forms the eastern boundary.[8] - The Channel Highway (Route B68) passes through from north to south. Route C627 (Woodbridge Hill Road) starts at an intersection with B68 and runs west until it exits.[3][9] -",2023-08-26 17:16:00 -"Hormuz, Iran - Wikipedia","Hormuz (Persian: هرمز, also Romanized as Hormoz; also known as Qal‘eh-ye Hormoz, قلعهٔ هرمز)[2] is a city and capital of Hormuz District, in Qeshm County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. - This Qeshm County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:16:05 -Kalateh-ye Sefid - Wikipedia,"Kalateh-ye Sefid (Persian: كلاته سفيد, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Sefīd and Kalāteh Sefīd)[1] is a village in Mian Jam Rural District, in the Central District of Torbat-e Jam County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 8 families.[2] - This Torbat-e Jam County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:16:08 -Wynton Kelly - Wikipedia," - Wynton Charles Kelly (December 2, 1931 – April 12, 1971) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He is known for his lively, blues-based playing and as one of the finest accompanists in jazz. He began playing professionally at the age of 12 and was pianist on a No. 1 R&B hit at the age of 16. His recording debut as a leader occurred three years later, around the time he started to become better known as an accompanist to singer Dinah Washington, and as a member of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie's band. This progress was interrupted by two years in the United States Army, after which Kelly worked again with Washington and Gillespie, and played with other leaders. Over the next few years, these included instrumentalists Cannonball Adderley, John Coltrane, Hank Mobley, Wes Montgomery, and Sonny Rollins, and vocalists Betty Carter, Billie Holiday, and Abbey Lincoln. - Kelly attracted the most attention as part of Miles Davis' band from 1959, including an appearance on the trumpeter's Kind of Blue, often mentioned as the best-selling jazz album ever.[1][2] After leaving Davis in 1963, Kelly played with his own trio, which recorded for several labels and toured the United States and internationally. His career did not develop much further, and he had difficulty finding enough work late in his career. Kelly, who was known to have epilepsy, died in a hotel room in Canada following a seizure, aged 39. - The son of Jamaican immigrants, Kelly was born in Brooklyn, New York, on December 2, 1931.[3][4] He began playing the piano at the age of four,[5] but did not receive much formal training in music.[6] He attended the High School of Music & Art and the Metropolitan Vocational High School in New York, but ""[t]hey wouldn't give us piano, so I fooled around with the bass and studied theory.""[5] - Kelly started his professional career in 1943, initially as a member of R&B groups.[4] Through this, he improved his playing – the bands' ""music had to be accessible, entertaining and easy to dance to""; this influenced his later playing.[6] Around this time he also played organ in local churches.[7] In his local area, he played with brothers Lee and Ray Abrams, as well as Ahmed Abdul-Malik, Ernie Henry, and Cecil Payne, who went on to have careers in jazz.[5] - At the age of 15, Kelly toured the Caribbean as part of Ray Abrams' R&B band.[8][9] Kelly made his recording debut aged 16, playing on saxophonist Hal Singer's 1948 ""Cornbread"",[10] which became a Billboard R&B chart-topping hit.[11] In the following year, Kelly recorded with vocalist Babs Gonzales;[12] these tracks included his first recorded solos.[13] Other R&B bands that Kelly played with included those led by Hot Lips Page (1948 or earlier), Eddie ""Cleanhead"" Vinson (1949), and Eddie ""Lockjaw"" Davis (1950).[8][14] Material from sessions on July 25 and August 1, 1951, formed Piano Interpretations, a trio album that was Kelly's recording debut as leader, released by Blue Note Records later that year.[9][15] Critic Scott Yanow indicates that, at this stage of his career, Kelly's main influence was Bud Powell, but that his playing ""displayed some of the joy of Teddy Wilson's style along with his own chord voicings"".[16] Kelly became better known after joining vocalist Dinah Washington's band in 1951.[14] After this, he played in bands led by Lester Young in the spring of 1952, and Dizzy Gillespie, recording with the latter later in 1952.[8] In September of that year, just as Kelly was beginning to build a reputation, he was drafted into the army.[17][18] - After a period at Fort McClellan in Alabama, Kelly was part of a Third Army traveling show.[18] He recruited fellow draftee and future jazz pianist Duke Pearson into the show; together they were able to convince their unit to involve more black musicians, as they were initially the only two out of around two dozen performers.[18] By April 1954, Kelly was ""Private First Class Wynton Kelly"", musical director of the show.[19] He ended his military service with a music performance for an audience of 10,000 in the Chastain Memorial Park Amphitheater in Atlanta.[17] - Kelly was released from the military after two years,[17] following which he worked on and off with Washington and Gillespie again.[5] Kelly was also part of Charles Mingus' group for a tour of Washington, D.C., California, and Vancouver in late 1956 to early 1957.[20] He left Mingus to rejoin Gillespie, who led a big band that toured Canada and the southern United States.[20][21] Commenting on Kelly's ability to move from a small group to a big band setting, saxophonist Benny Golson, also from Gillespie's band, said: ""He kept his identity; yet he was able to add something to the band, not only melodically (which he was known for) but rhythmically. He would set up patterns – never interfering with the arrangement, but he was able to get into the cracks and he would always be adding something, giving it impetus, more energy.""[22] In 1956, Kelly recorded with vocalist Billie Holiday, including for the original version of her song ""Lady Sings the Blues"",[23] as well as for the Blue Note debuts of saxophonists Johnny Griffin[24] and Sonny Rollins.[25] After leaving Gillespie again, Kelly formed his own trio.[14] - Kelly was much in demand as a sideman for recordings and appeared on albums by most of the major jazz leaders in the late 1950s and early 1960s.[26] In April 1957, for instance, he appeared as a guest in an enlarged version of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, for an album later released as Theory of Art;[27] this band included trumpeter Lee Morgan, with whom Kelly had recorded a few weeks earlier.[28] The recording sessions continued four days later, with Kelly joining Blakey, Morgan and others on Griffin's A Blowin' Session;[29] this was followed by three studio days for Gillespie, and another for trumpeter Clark Terry, before the end of the month.[30] Later that year, Kelly made a rare appearance playing bass, for one track of vocalist Abbey Lincoln's That's Him!, after the regular bassist, Paul Chambers, became drunk and fell asleep in the studio.[31][32] - Early in 1958, Kelly recorded his second album as a leader, the quartet Piano, more than six years after his first.[14] In the same year, he played for recordings led by, among others, vocalist Betty Carter, and made the first of several appearances on albums led by Cannonball Adderley, Blue Mitchell (beginning with Big 6 in 1958), and Hank Mobley.[30] Kelly also played organ on one track of Pepper Adams and Jimmy Knepper's The Pepper-Knepper Quintet, an unusual departure from his usual instrument.[33] - In January 1959, Kelly joined the musician with whom he became most associated – Miles Davis.[9][34] Adderley, the alto saxophonist in the band, related how Kelly came to replace Red Garland on piano: Davis had admired Kelly's playing as part of Gillespie's band, and Garland was invariably late to arrive for their club performances: ""One night, Wynton was there when we started and Miles asked him to sit in. When Red came, Wynton was playing. Miles told Red, 'Wynton's got the gig.' Just like that.""[35] Kelly stayed with the trumpeter until March 1963,[9] appearing on the studio albums Kind of Blue and Someday My Prince Will Come, as well as on numerous concert recordings.[34] On Kind of Blue (1959), often mentioned as the best-selling jazz album ever,[1][2] Kelly played on the track ""Freddie Freeloader"". Even though Kelly was Davis' regular pianist at the time, the trumpeter had planned the album with Bill Evans in mind, so this is the only piece on which Kelly appears.[36] Kelly toured 22 cities in Europe as part of Davis' quintet in the spring of 1960.[37][38] Fellow pianist McCoy Tyner commented on Kelly's playing with Davis: ""His harmonic colorations were very beautiful. But I think above all it was his ability to swing. John [Coltrane] used to mention that. Miles used to get off the bandstand and just look at Wynton with admiration, because he really held the group together.""[39] - Davis often left considerable time between band engagements, which allowed the musicians to do other work,[40] so Kelly continued to record with other leaders, including with other members of the Davis band. In February 1959, when in Chicago for performances with Davis, Kelly was pianist on Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago,[41] and bassist Chambers' Go.[42] Later that year, Kelly made his first album for Vee-Jay Records, in a quintet containing Wayne Shorter; Kelly returned the favor a few months later by playing on the saxophonist's debut as leader, Introducing Wayne Shorter.[43] Kelly also recorded with Coltrane, including for one track, ""Naima"", from the saxophonist's Giant Steps.[44] When Adderley left Davis in late 1959,[45] he attempted to recruit Kelly; although the pianist declined, he did participate in more recording sessions led by his former bandmate,[46] as well as more with Griffin, Mobley, Morgan, and numerous others.[30] Kelly made his first recording with guitarist Wes Montgomery in 1961;[30] they then made Full House the next year; the pairing was described by The Penguin Guide to Jazz as ""an association that promised a lot and delivered more"".[47] - When he left Davis, Kelly formed his own trio with two others leaving the trumpeter – Chambers and drummer Jimmy Cobb.[48] They soon embarked on a national tour and had recording dates with Verve Records,[49] Kelly having left Vee-Jay after four albums.[30] In May 1964, the calypso[50] track ""Little Tracy"" from Kelly's Verve album Comin' in the Back Door reached number 38 on Billboard's R&B chart.[51] A few months later, the trio toured Japan for a series of George Wein-organized concerts.[52][53] In the summer of 1965, they joined Montgomery on a tour of the US that included an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival, and a club recording released as the Kelly co-led Smokin' at the Half Note.[54] The trio also played with Joe Henderson and others after leaving Davis.[30] According to Cobb, he took charge of the financial side of the trio, as well as its recruiting of additional members, while Kelly primarily was pianist and responsible for dealing with interviewers.[55] The trio stayed together until 1969, when Chambers died.[16] - Towards the end of his career, Kelly had problems finding work,[4] but played with Ray Nance, and as a soloist in New York.[8] Kelly's final recording session appears to have been in the autumn of 1970, accompanying saxophonist Dexter Gordon.[4] - Kelly died in Toronto, Canada, following an epileptic seizure, on April 12, 1971.[18] He had traveled there from New York to play in a club with drummer George Reed and vocalist Herb Marshall.[56] Kelly had a longstanding epilepsy problem and had to monitor his condition carefully.[55] An account of his death was given by his friend, Cobb: ""Wynton called his girlfriend in New York and said, 'You know, I don't feel good.' She said, 'Why don't you go downstairs to the bar and if something happens somebody could tend to you.' We don't know if he did that, because when they found him he was in the room.""[55] Kelly was found in his room in the Westminster Hotel on Jarvis Street by Marshall.[56] He was reported to have had almost no money at the time of his death.[57] A memorial concert was held on June 28 in New York and featured numerous well-known musicians of the period.[58] - Kelly was survived by a daughter, Tracy.[3] Bassist Marcus Miller is a cousin of Kelly's,[59] as are rapper Foxy Brown,[60] and pianist Randy Weston.[61] - Kelly was a heavy drinker; saxophonist Jimmy Heath described him as ""an alcoholic"" who ""could control his drinking"" and not let his playing be affected by it.[62] Kelly was known ""for being a very warm, generous human being"".[63] Bassist Bill Crow reported that Kelly was ""full of fun"" and said: ""He was often the center of backstage laughing sessions as we told stories on each other. Wynton had a removable upper front denture. While on stage, if he saw some of us standing in the wings listening, he would turn around so the audience couldn't see, give us a stern look, and drop his upper plate forward onto his lower lip, creating a grotesquely comical effect. Sometimes he heightened it by sticking his tongue out at us over his upper teeth.""[64] - Kelly played ""with a crisp, leaping rhythmic blues approach that generated intense excitement"", wrote The Washington Post's obituarist.[4] The happiness conveyed in his playing was described by Cobb: ""It's happy sounding all the time. It's got a West Indian kind of hop to it. Always sparkling"".[55] The Rough Guide to Jazz stated that Kelly ""combined boppish lines and bluesy interpolations, but with a taut sense of timing quite unlike anyone else except his many imitators"", and highlighted the effectiveness of his block chords in contributing to a ""dynamic and driving accompanying style"".[9] Pianist Brad Mehldau commented that Kelly ""dotted his eighth notes quite strongly, and in his own hands the effect was exhilarating"".[65] - Kelly was an excellent sight reader, and could memorize parts very quickly,[18] as well as play pieces he had heard but not read before.[66] - Several commentators have rated Kelly the best accompanist in jazz, including critic Ray Comiskey and music educator Mark Levine.[67][68] Drummer Philly Joe Jones said that, as an accompanist, Kelly ""puts down flowers behind a soloist. He never wanted to steal in. He just put together the right things.""[22] Pianist Bruce Barth pointed out that part of Kelly's success as an accompanist came from ""occasional and compelling use of 'blues licks' and melodic phrases in place of chords.""[69] Pianist Sergio Pamies suggested that Kelly represents the bridge between the supportive comping of Red Garland and the conversational comping of Bill Evans.[70] - -In critic Gary Giddins' view: Kelly was never able to exploit his gifts when he went out on his own. His quartet with Wes Montgomery should have developed into a major force, but the same commercial interests that shanghaied Montgomery saddled Kelly with the fashionable soul-funk of the mid-'60s. Unlike Montgomery, his career went nowhere, and he didn't live long enough to find himself again.[71] Writer David Rosenthal commented: ""Kelly seemed unable to escape being typecast as a sideman"".[26] - Kelly's style of playing has been an influence on numerous pianists, beginning in the 1960s.[16] Among those to cite him directly as an influence are Monty Alexander,[72] Chick Corea,[73] Brad Mehldau,[74] and Chucho Valdés.[75] Pamies suggested that Kelly's comping had a direct influence on Herbie Hancock and McCoy Tyner.[70] Pianists Dan Nimmer and Willie Pickens have recorded tribute albums to Kelly.[76] - The trumpeter Wynton Marsalis (born 1961) was named after Kelly.[77][78] - Bibliography -",2023-08-26 17:16:12 -Charter fair - Wikipedia,"A charter fair in England is a street fair or market which was established by Royal Charter. Many charter fairs date back to the Middle Ages, with their heyday occurring during the 13th century. Originally, most charter fairs started as street markets but since the 19th century the trading aspect has been superseded by entertainment; many charter fairs are now the venue for travelling funfairs run by showmen. - In Roman times, fairs were holidays on which there was an intermission of labour and pleadings. By the 7th century, a regular fair was being held at Saint-Denis under the French Merovingian kings.[1] In later centuries across Europe, on any special Christian religious occasion, particularly the anniversary dedication of a church, tradesmen would bring and sell their wares, even in the churchyards. Such fairs then continued annually, usually on the feast day of the patron saint to whom the church was dedicated. In England, these early fairs were called a wake, or a vigilia, and many formed the basis for later chartered fairs.[2] In an era in which communications and travel were difficult and often dangerous, local markets and fairs were central to commerce and trade.[3] - In England, fairs began to develop in the early Norman period, reaching their heyday in the 13th century.[4] During the 12th century, many English towns acquired the right from the Crown to hold an annual fair, usually serving a regional or local customer base and lasting for two or three days.[5] By the end of the century, however, international trade with Europe in wool and cloth was increasing; London merchants were attempting to exert control over this process, acting as middlemen, but many of the English producers and ports on the east coast attempted to use the chartered fair system to circumnavigate them.[6] Simultaneously, wealthy magnate consumers in England began to use the new fairs as a way to buy goods like spices, wax, preserved fish and cloth in bulk from the international merchants at the fairs, again bypassing the usual London merchants.[7] Local nobles and churchmen could draw a considerable profit from hosting these events, and in turn the crown benefited from the payments given for the original charter.[8] Over 2,200 charters were issued to markets and fairs by English kings between 1200 and 1270.[9] - Between the 12th and 15th centuries, the number of markets and fairs across England burgeoned. Although the terms ""fair"" and ""market"" were often used synonymously, key differences distinguished them. Markets were held daily in the more populous towns and cities or weekly in rural districts, and sold fresh produce and necessities, while fairs operated on a periodic cycle, and were almost always associated with a religious festival.[10] Fairs were associated with high value goods and non-perishables such as farm tools, homewares, furniture, rugs and ceramics.[11] Although a fair's primary purpose was trade, it typically included some elements of entertainment, such as dance, music or tournaments.[12] By 1516, England had some 2,464 markets and 2,767 fairs while Wales had 138 markets and 166 fairs.[13] Both fairs and markets were important centres of social life in medieval society.[14] - Towns such as Boston, Winchester, Stamford and St Ives acquired royal charters to hold huge, extended events focusing on the international markets.[15] The major fairs had formed a set sequence by the mid-13th century, with the Stamford fair in Lent, St Ives at Easter, Boston in July, Winchester in September and Northampton in November.[16] Secondary chartered fairs, such as those at Stourbridge, Bury St Edmunds, King's Lynn, Oxford and Westminster filled the gaps in between, although Stourbridge fair would grow to be the biggest fair in Europe towards the end of the medieval period.[17] Many of these fairs would have been small in comparison to the largest European international fairs, but still involved international contracts and advance selling on a significant scale.[18] - These ""great fairs"" could be huge events; St Ives' Great Fair drew merchants from Flanders, Brabant, Norway, Germany and France for a four-week event each year, turning the normally small town into ""a major commercial emporium"".[19] Dozens of stalls would be established and hundreds of pounds of goods bought and sold.[20] Special courts, called courts of piepowders would be established to govern the events and settle disputes; this would include establishing local law and order, imposing systems of weights and measures; monitoring legal contracts and other features of medieval trade.[21] - Towards the end of the medieval period, the position of fairs began to decline. One important shift was that the major merchants, particularly in London, began to establish commercial primacy by the 14th century over the larger magnate customers; rather than the magnate buying from a chartered fair, they would buy from the merchant. As an example of this shift, the household accounts of Henry III show that the monarch bought 75% of his requirements from the great fairs; by the time of Edward II, the majority was being bought directly from the major merchants.[22] The rise of international trading confederations such as the Hanseatic league during the 15th century, improved communications and the growth of a larger England merchant class in the major cities, especially London, gradually eroded the value of the chartered fairs.[23] Foreign merchants, upon whom the great chartered fairs had to some extent depended, were being crowded out by English merchants, particularly in critical areas such as the cloth trade.[24] The control of the crown over trade in the towns, especially the emerging newer towns that lacked central civic government, was increasingly weaker, making chartered status less relevant as more trade occurred from private properties and took place all year around.[25] Nonetheless, the great fairs remained of importance well into the 15th century, as illustrated by their role in exchanging money, regional commerce and in providing choice for individual consumers.[26] The evolution of the canal and eventually the railway system in England during the 19th century finally pushed the fair system into near extinction, although in recent years many have been revived as cultural, rather than primarily economic events. -",2023-08-26 17:16:16 -"Lewis Watson, 2nd Baron Sondes - Wikipedia"," -Lewis Thomas Watson, 2nd Baron Sondes (18 April 1754 – 21 June 1806), was a British Whig politician and peer. - Lewis Thomas Watson was the son of Lewis Watson, 1st Baron Sondes, and Grace Pelham, a daughter of Henry Pelham. He was educated at Eton between 1765 and 1771. - In 1774, his father's old friend (and first cousin twice removed), Lord Rockingham, offered Sondes a seat in Parliament for Lewis at Pontefract; however, Sondes declined due to the price of £3,500 asked by the borough's patron, Lord Galway. In 1775, the death of Sir Charles Saunders left a vacancy at Hedon. Rockingham did not wish to lose the seat to the Government, and recommended Watson as a candidate to Saunders' election manager, William Iveson, who had inherited Saunders' interest in the borough. However, the by-election in January 1776 was contested by Christopher Atkinson, and proved unexpectedly expensive; Sondes paid £3,600 and complained to Rockingham when bills came for a further £1,200 later in the year.[1] - Watson was a faithful member of Rockingham's opposition to the North ministry, but never spoke in the Commons. He put himself forth as a candidate for Kent in 1780 but withdrew on finding that he was not supported in the county.[1] At the 1784 election, he stood for Seaford on the long-dormant Pelham interest against the Treasury candidates. Defeated by one vote, he lodged an election petition holding that the bailiff had not given the four days notice required of the election, and the election was voided in 1785, although he did not stand there again.[2] Without his knowledge, he was put in as a Whig candidate at Canterbury at the 1790 election, but finished at the bottom of the poll.[3] Watson was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Northamptonshire in April 1793,[4] and of Kent on 29 June.[5] - In 1795, he succeeded to his father's title and assumed his seat in the House of Lords.[6] Sondes sold the manor of Garthorpe, Leicestershire to Wilbraham Tollemache, 6th Earl of Dysart in 1803.[7] - On 19 May 1798, he was commissioned colonel of the Kent Supplementary Militia.[8] This was converted to the 3rd Kent Militia, and he was breveted colonel in the Army on 13 October, his rank to last while the militia remained embodied.[9] When a number of volunteer regiments were raised after the breakdown of the Peace of Amiens, Sondes was commissioned lieutenant-colonel commandant of the Lees Court Volunteer Infantry on 27 September 1803,[10] and colonel of the Lath of Scray Regiment of Volunteers, part of the Kent militia on 20 October.[11] He held the colonelcy of the latter until his death, when he was succeeded by George Harris.[12] - On 30 November 1785, he married Mary Elizabeth Milles (1767–1818), only daughter and heiress of Richard Milles (c. 1735 – 1820),[13] a Member of Parliament for Canterbury from 1761 to 1780.[14] They had seven children: - He was succeeded by his son, Lewis Watson, when he died on 21 June 1806.[6] Sondes was buried at Rockingham, Northamptonshire.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:16:20 -2010–11 cyclo-cross season - Wikipedia,"International competitions in the sport of cyclo-cross in the 2010–11 season included the World Cup, Superprestige, and Gazet van Antwerpen (GVA) events. There were also national championships in a number of countries. -",2023-08-26 17:16:25 -Family Dinner – Volume 2 - Wikipedia,"Family Dinner – Volume 2 is an album by American jazz fusion group Snarky Puppy that was released on February 12, 2016. - All songs arranged by Michael League. - Guests - Nola International -",2023-08-26 17:16:29 -Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah - Wikipedia," - Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah (Persian: شمس الدین یوسف شاه, Bengali: শামসউদ্দীন ইউসুফ শাহ) was the Sultan of Bengal from 1474 to 1481. He belonged to the Ilyas Shahi dynasty and was the successor of his father, Sultan Rukunuddin Barbak Shah. - Yusuf was born into a ruling class Bengali Muslim Sunni family known as the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, in the Bengal Sultanate. His father, Barbak, and his grandfather, Mahmud, were descendants of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah – the founder of the ruling dynasty as well as the nation. Hailing from what is now eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan, Yusuf's family was of Sistani ancestral origin but had assimilated in Bengal for over a hundred years. - According to tradition, Yusuf married a Hindu dancer called Mira (or Mirabai) who had embraced Islam and taken the name Lotan Bibi.[2][3] In her name, Yusuf Shah established the Lotan Taluq (administrative subdivision) which contains the Lattan Mosque and Lotan Dighi, and that taluq existed even until the British period.[4] - After the death of his father Rukunuddin Barbak Shah in 1474, Yusuf ascended the throne of Bengal stylising himself as Shams ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abu al-Muẓaffar Yūsuf Shāh. He also took other titles such as Ẓillullāh fī al-ʿĀlamīn, Khalīfatullāh bi al-Ḥujjah wa al-Burhān, As-Sulṭān as-Salāṭīn, As-Sulṭān al-ʿĀdil al-Aʿẓam, Malik ar-Riqāb wa al-Umam and Khalīfatullāh fī al-Arḍīn.[5] He had several ministers under him such as Majlis Alam and Malik Khaqan Pahlavi and Mirṣād Khān Atābek, who constructed numerous mosques across his domain. The most notable ones were the Sakomohan Mosque in Maldah, the Faqir Mosque in Chittagong, Goyghor Mosque in Moulvibazar, the Qadam Rasul Mosque, Lattan Mosque, Tantipara Mosque and Darasbari Mosque in Gaur. He put strict Sharia law in order and prohibited drinking wine in his ruling kingdom.[5] - According to legend, Yusuf Shah executed Shah Jalal Dakhini, a Sufi preacher who had established a khanqah in present-day Motijheel, Dhaka and gained excessive prominence and pomposity.[6] - Yusuf Shah appreciated poetry in various languages. Upon the construction of a mosque in Dhaka District in 1480, its inscription ended with a Persian verse from Saadi Shirazi's Bustan. During his time as a prince, he was the patron of poets Zainuddin and Maladhar Basu.[5] - He died in 1481 and was succeeded by his paternal uncle, Nuruddin Sikandar Shah.[7] - This biography of a member of an Indian royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:16:32 -Tom Playfair - Wikipedia,"Tom Playfair; Or Making a Start is a book by a Roman Catholic priest, Fr. Francis J. Finn S.J., originally published in 1890, and written for youths ages 9–12. It has been translated into multiple languages. Finn was inspired by his experiences as a school prefect, with the setting of St. Maure's being a fictionalized version of his school, St. Mary's College, Kansas. Tom Playfair and its two sequels mix comedic stories of school sports, pranks, and classroom anecdotes with moral and theological lessons. - Tom is a mischievous ten-year-old boy living with his father, aunt and uncle in St. Louis. Due to his uncontrollable behavior, his strict and distant father sends him to a Catholic boarding school, St. Maure’s. Tom continues his antics, but is gradually impressed by the positive examples around him. He is inspired to improve his behavior and prepare for his First Communion. This includes befriending a bully whom he had previously mocked and fought with. On a visit with his family, Tom continues to be playful and irreverent, but his escapades are now focused on helping the poor and being kind to others. Regardless, his father thinks Tom is too immature to receive First Communion. Although Tom is initially heartbroken, he humbly chooses to delay his First Communion until the next year. Tom befriends a new student, James Aldine, but James is attacked by a murderer and Tom is unable to save him. On Christmas Day, Tom receives his First Communion and James dies of his injuries. In honor of James, Tom devotes himself to God. - Percy, an effeminate 13-year-old who had a sheltered upbringing with his ten sisters, arrives at St. Maure’s. 12-year-old Tom Playfair defends him from the other boys’ teasing but is astonished by his formal mannerisms. Tom promises to make a boy of him, and begins introducing him to sports such as baseball and fishing. Percy shows surprising determination and courage, as when he walks four miles across the prairie to warn Tom about some school bullies who are planning to ambush him. The bullies subsequently have a change of heart. Percy is also attacked by a group of boys in town when he steps in to defend a drunken man; this results in the man reconsidering his dislike for religion and sending his own son to St. Maure’s. Finally Percy comforts a dying beggar and makes peace with the town boys. At the end of the school year, Tom concludes that Percy has become a “little man” on his own. - Harry Dee frequently sleepwalks as a child. One night, his uncle is found dead and Harry wakes up covered in his blood. Suspicion for the murder and the theft of a large amount of money falls on Harry’s nurse, who has fled. The uncle's mansion is left abandoned with a reputation for being haunted. Three years later, at age thirteen, the anxious and high-strung Harry arrives at St. Maure’s and meets Tom, Percy, and their friends. They spend time on sports and academics, also taking summer vacations together. Harry confides in the others about the murder and they begin investigating. One day, they encounter Harry’s old nurse in a shop. She believes Harry killed his uncle himself in his sleep; she fled to protect him and knows nothing about the missing money. Harry searches the mansion with help from his uncle’s old servant, Caggett, and discovers a secret drawer containing the money. Caggett was the real murderer, having been trying to find the money that night. Percy arrives in time to rescue Harry. In the final chapter, almost all of the characters have graduated from St. Maure's. Tom is studying in the seminary to become a Jesuit priest, while Percy is doing charity work and planning to start a Catholic magazine for children with Harry. - Finn began working on Tom Playfair during the nights while he was suffering from insomnia. It represents Catholic residential school life and Finn hoped to give his readers his ideal of a genuine Catholic American boy.[1][2] - Despite being second in order, Percy Wynn was the first book Finn published.[3] After its popularity, he was able to publish the other two books. Tom Playfair was translated into German, Portuguese, Italian, Dutch, Polish and French.[4][5] It received good reviews and quickly became widely read, with the series filling a gap for Catholic children's fiction. It was often described as a Catholic version of Tom Brown's School Days.[6] - A reviewer for The Month praised Tom Playfair, but criticized the violent plot points.[7] The same magazine had similar criticism for Harry Dee, which makes an abrupt tonal shift from previous books in the series; it is more focused on academic achievements with the characters aging towards graduation, but also has an overarching murder mystery.[8] -",2023-08-26 17:16:36 -Eric Holah - Wikipedia," - Eric Tansley Holah (born 3 August 1937) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward.[1] - Born in Hull, Holah played for Malet Lambert OB before signing for Hull City in 1958,[2] making one Football League appearance.[3] He signed for Bradford City in July 1961, leaving the club in 1962.[4] During his time with Bradford City he made four appearances in the Football League, scoring twice.[5][6] - - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a forward born in the 1930s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:16:40 -Juan y Junior - Wikipedia,"Juan & Junior was a Spanish musical duo that was active between 1967 and 1969.[1] Its members were the Spanish Juan Pardo (born in 1942) and the Filipino Antonio Morales ""Junior"" (1943–2014).[2] - Juan y Junior began their careers first as part of the band ""Los Pekenikes"" and later as part of ""Los Brincos"" in the 1960s. In February 1967 they formed the duo ""Juan y Junior."" - The band's discography was short (only 8 singles and one eponymous album), but it would not be fair to call the duo a ""one hit wonder"" as they had multiple hits. - Chart Performance: - The song ""A dos niñas"" (""two girls"") was created with Rocío Dúrcal and Marisol in mind. Later, Junior would marry Rocío Dúrcal, having together three children (Carmen , Antonio and Shaila ), before his death in April 2014.[5] - In 1968 the duo was given the task of composing the entire soundtrack and musical themes for the film Solos los dos, directed by Luis Lucia Mingarro and starring Marisol and Palomo Linares . - The band parted ways in 1969 with each artist continuing as solo artists, as well as Junior's work as a producer. - On September 2, 2020, the band's music was featured on the shortwave radio service of Radio Exterior de España (REE).[6] - The first draft of this article was based on a translation of the Spanish Language wikipedia article on the same subject. -",2023-08-26 17:16:43 -Gary Robertson (rower) - Wikipedia," - Gary David Robertson (born 12 April 1950 in Oamaru, Otago) is a former New Zealand rower who won an Olympic gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. - He teamed with Dick Joyce, Wybo Veldman, John Hunter, Lindsay Wilson, Joe Earl, Trevor Coker and Tony Hurt and Simon Dickie (cox) to win the gold medal in the coxed eight. Robertson is one of only two New Zealand Olympic gold medallists who never won a national premier title. Robertson is the nephew of famed New Zealand rowing coach Rusty Robertson.[2] His daughter, who is also a rower, married Olympic champion rower Eric Murray. The Robertsons lived in Australia for a while but returned to live in Cambridge, New Zealand when their daughter was pregnant.[3] - Gary Robertson later worked as a full-time rowing coach in Christchurch.[4] He now coaches at Waikato Diocesan School for Girls, previously Sydney Rowing Club. - - This article about a New Zealand Olympic medalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to New Zealand rowing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:16:47 -Reverse X Rebirth - Wikipedia,"Reverse X Rebirth (Japanese: リバース×リバース, Hepburn: Ribāsu Ribāsu, pronounced ""Reverse Rebirth""[1]) is a romantic comedy manga series created by Shinobu Amano [ja] and published by Hakusensha in LaLa in 2019–2021. It follows two students at a prestigious all-female school: Hina, an aspiring writer who has a fear of men, and Kaede, a man who disguises himself as a woman to hide from his grandfather, who intends to stop him from becoming an actor. - Amano originally had the idea for the manga before her previous work Last Game (2011), but had put it aside due to having trouble creating its male lead. When she returned to it, she wanted to portray different types of people with different viewpoints, writing the story with an all-seeing narrator to show what happens to both Hina and Kaede. The series was well received by critics, who found its premise fun and liked its depiction of gradual change in its characters' emotions. - Reverse X Rebirth is a romantic comedy manga following Kaede Yukino (雪野 楓, Yukino Kaede) and Hina Nanase (七瀬 雛, Nanase Hina), two roommates studying at the prestigious boarding school Seika Girls' Academy.[2] - Hina is androphobic and unable to even talk to men, which is why she studies at an all-female school; an aspiring novelist, she likes to use the school as the setting for her stories. Unbeknownst to her, Kaede is not a woman, but a cross-dressing man: with the help of his cousin Yuri Amami (天海 優里, Amami Yuri), he has disguised himself as a woman and moved to Seika to hide from his grandfather, the head of the powerful Sawarishi family, who wants him to become his successor and give up his dream of becoming an actor. Kaede is attracted to Hina, but does not dare to reveal his true identity to her, and instead he and Yuri try to help her overcome her fear of men.[2][3][4] Meanwhile, Hina begins to find Kaede attractive as a woman,[5] finding him similar to the character Lady Marianne from her novels.[6] - Reverse X Rebirth was written and illustrated by Shinobu Amano [ja], and was originally conceived prior to her earlier series Last Game (2011) as a story about a girl who is nervous around her cross-dressing roommate, not realizing that he is not a woman. She put this idea on hold for some time while writing Last Game, having trouble creating a believable male character that could fit into that type of scenario.[5] - When eventually returning to the idea, Amano wanted to portray people from different walks of life with different viewpoints, while writing Yuri as similar to herself, and wrote the series from the perspective of an all-seeing narrator to allow readers to follow what happens with both Kaede and Hina. She enjoyed writing the development of Kaede and Hina's relationship and the turning point in it when Kaede learns who he really is; as she personally likes misunderstanding-based comedy, she knew from the beginning that she wanted to write a scene where Kaede, who until then has been forced to dress like a woman, is forced to dress like a man to explain who he is. Amano has described having difficulty in designing appealing male characters, and so she found Reverse X Rebirth a comfortable series to work on, being able to design and draw Kaede the same way she would design a female character.[5] - The series was published in Hakusensha's shōjo manga magazine LaLa from May 24, 2019,[7] to September 24, 2021.[8] The first two chapters were written as one-shots, before the publisher picked it up for serialization.[3] Hakusensha collected the series across four tankōbon volumes released under its imprint Hana to Yume Comics from February 5, 2020,[1][9] to December 3, 2021,[10] with cover designs similar to yuri manga.[6] The Chingwin Publishing Group began publishing the series in Chinese on November 26, 2020.[11] - Reverse X Rebirth was well received, including its one-shots, which was what led the publisher to pick it up for serialization;[3] Mangapedia called it one of Amano's major works, along with Last Game and Hokenshitsu no Kageyama-kun (2017).[14] Natalie appreciated the series for showing a liberal view of gender[15] and thought that it succeeds in carefully depicting gradual emotional changes its characters go through,[5] considering it characteristic of Amano and LaLa.[15] They thought that the premise of a character having an external reason to cross-dress makes for both fun storytelling and reader wish fulfillment. They did question how Kaede's voice does not give him away, but did not consider it the kind of detail that would necessarily disrupt a reader's suspension of disbelief. One of their favorites scenes was one when Hina dresses up for a dance party, considering it to have a classic kind of appeal.[15] Da Vinci described the story as full of thrills, and found it exciting to follow the development of Kaede and Hina's relationship.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:16:50 -Audio watermark - Wikipedia,"An audio watermark is a unique electronic identifier embedded in an audio signal, typically used to identify ownership of copyright. It is similar to a watermark on a photograph. - Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a signal (e.g. audio, video or pictures) in a way that is difficult to remove. If the signal is copied, then the information is also carried in the copy. Watermarking has become increasingly important to enable copyright protection and ownership verification. - One of the most secure techniques of audio watermarking is spread spectrum audio watermarking (SSW). In SSW, a narrow-band signal is transmitted over a much larger bandwidth such that the signal energy presented in any signal frequency is undetectable. Thus the watermark is spread over many frequency bands so that the energy in one band is undetectable. An interesting feature of this watermarking technique is that destroying it requires noise of high amplitude to be added to all frequency bands. -SSW is a robust watermarking technique because, to eliminate it, the attack must affect all possible frequency bands with modifications of considerable strength. This creates visible defects in the data. -Spreading spectrum is done by a pseudonoise (PN) sequence. In conventional SSW approaches, the receiver must know the PN sequence used at the transmitter as well as the location of the watermark in the watermarked signal for detecting hidden information. This is a high security feature, since any unauthorized user who does not have access to this information cannot detect any hidden information. Detection of the PN sequence is the key factor for detection of hidden information from SSW. -Although PN sequence detection is possible by using heuristic approaches such as evolutionary algorithms, the high computational cost of this task can make it impractical. Much of the computational complexity involved in the use of evolutionary algorithms as an optimization tool is due to the fitness function evaluation that may either be very difficult to define or be computationally very expensive. - One of the recent proposed approaches—in fast recovering the PN sequence- is the use of fitness granulation as a promising ""fitness approximation"" scheme. With the use of the fitness granulation approach called ""Adaptive Fuzzy Fitness Granulation (AFFG)"",[1] the expensive fitness evaluation step is replaced by an approximate model. When evolutionary algorithms are used as a means to extract the hidden information, the process is called Evolutionary Hidden Information Detection, whether fitness approximation approaches are used as a tool to accelerate the process or not. -",2023-08-26 17:16:53 -The Outcasts (Texas band) - Wikipedia,"The Outcasts are an American garage rock band from San Antonio, Texas that released a total of five singles between 1965 and 1967. Their best-known songs are ""I'm in Pittsburgh (And it's Raining)"", and ""1523 Blair"". Their recordings have been reissued on a number of compilation albums. According to the Ugly Things compilation album notes, they are the most recognized band of this name that were active in the mid-1960s, including another popular band from Manhasset, New York (see below for others).[1] - The Outcasts were formed in San Antonio in late 1963 by Buddy Carson, Rickey Wright and Denny Turner.[2] In late 1964, Jim Carsten and then Jim Ryan joined the band.[3] This line-up prevailed until the band's fifth single, when Galen Niles replaced Denny Turner on guitar. In 1964, Denny designed a logo and slogan for the band, ""Music from the OUTER LIMITS"", taken from the name of the popular science-fiction television series of the period, The Outer Limits. The band had the logo emblazoned on the backs of their uniforms and also issued business cards with a similar design. - Early direction for the band came from Mike Post, whose many later musical credits include producing the first three albums for The First Edition and creating the theme music for Law & Order, The Rockford Files, Hill Street Blues and many other television series. Post was the songwriter and producer of the band's first single.[4] He also recruited the Outcasts as the back-up band for a performance by Jimmy Carlson (who was active in the New York folk music scene) and Jimmy Hawkins (who later worked in Elvis Presley films and on The Donna Reed Show). - According to member Denny Turner, they had all of the trappings of a successful rock band: a succession of managers (Sally Senter and Major John Carson), go-go dancers, a fan club with a regular newsletter, and adoring fans. Their performances at area military clubs led to gigs as opening act for Herman's Hermits in San Antonio and Austin. In 1965, The Outcasts were even invited to appear in Houston, Texas with The Beatles. but turned down the opportunity; the Five Americans took their place at the concert. - In May 1966, they shared a bill with the 13th Floor Elevators (ticket pictured) and also appeared at Texas Teen Fairs and other venues with such popular acts as Lou Christie, Gerry and the Pacemakers, Peter and Gordon and The Rolling Stones.[5] - The Outcasts regularly participated in Battle of the Bands competitions, usually placing first or second;[5] in 1966, the band won the competition statewide,[6] at the peak of garage rock fervor, beating the large number of bands that were then active in Texas. (No other state is so heavily collected today in compilation albums of garage rock and psychedelic rock music; as one example, the landmark Highs in the Mid-Sixties series devotes five of their twenty-three volumes to bands from Texas.) - The band dissolved in 1968; founding member Buddy Carson died of complications of hepatitis that same year.[7] - ""The Outcasts"", with various spelling variants, has been a fairly common name for rock bands for many years; at least 10 bands were using this name during the mid-1960s. This has led to some confusion among these varied groups. - One common misconception has to do with the 1960s band The Outcasts from Manhasset, New York,[9] whose recordings were reissued by the same Collectables label, even before they featured the Texas band. In the mid-1980s, Cicadelic Records released three archival albums by the New York group: Meet the Outcasts! (studio recordings, mostly previously unreleased), The Battle of the Bands Live! (split release) and Live! Standing Room Only (a 1967 concert). In 1993, Collectables reissued both albums on CD, with additional songs that include ""Society's Child"" and ""Get It On"". Popular recordings (reissued on compilations) of this band are ""Don't Press Your Luck"", ""I Didn't Have to Love Her Anymore"", ""Nothing But Love"", ""Set Me Free"" and their unique versions of ""Walk On By"" and ""Gloria"". - Another band called the Outcasts recorded several tracks backing Linda Pierre King,[10] an artist featured on a compilation of female garage rock artists from Texas, We Had the Beat / The Heartbeats & Other Texas Girls of the 60s. That album's liner notes suggested that the San Antonio band had backed her on these songs, a natural mistake, since King is from Houston, and the record label that released the final single by the Outcasts, Gallant Records, was based there. - The 1995 retrospective I'm in Pittsburgh and It's Raining (15 tracks, all the band's music on the Collectables label) omits the band's first single, Nothing Ever Comes Easy b/w Oriental Express; according to the CD's brief liner notes, it was ""not up-to-par with their subsequent releases.""[11] Since neither side has yet been issued on a compilation album, we have only band member Jim Ryan's description: the first is ""a very tender, yearning ballad with some nice changes and arrangement by a talented composer [Mike Post]. The B-side [is] a surf instrumental that rocked in fifths to give that Asian sound.""[6] - I'm in Pittsburgh (And it's Raining) embodied much of the innocence and charm of garage rock, as well as the less-than-slick production common of the 1960s garage sound.[citation needed] This was the band's most successful single, receiving national airplay and charting locally in San Antonio and also in Houston and Austin, Texas. The opening lyrics – I'm in Pittsburgh and it's rainin' / I'm sittin' in the subway here complainin' – contain an error of fact (Pittsburgh does not have a subway system), which cooled off the initial rush of record sales in that city.[6] The title lyric was taken from Mountain's first lines of dialogue in the Rod Serling teleplay Requiem for a Heavyweight, the theatrical film version of which had been released three years before the song was composed. This track was included in the first of the Pebbles compilation albums, where the original liner notes call this song a ""blistering punk-rocker, which has been compared to the Pretty Things at their best."" - Numerous bands have released covers of this song over the years. Perhaps best known is the 1990 cover by The Cynics, from Pittsburgh; others have been recorded by the Flies, the Vibes and the Go-Devils. The original version of the song was re-pressed in 1977 as a bootleg recording in Amsterdam, and marketed to new wave fans, with the band name changed to the Kicks.[12] - The band's last single, 1523 Blair features a ""wind-up"" introduction, followed by guitar riffs played at a furious pace, then barely intelligible lyrics, all at a blistering tempo. (The title was taken from the address of the Doyle Jones recording studio in Houston.) One recent reviewer remarked, ""The music on this selection is jarringly experimental, the spirit is possessed fervor. '1523 Blair' is one minute and forty seven seconds long because it couldn’t have possibly been any longer"".[13] This song inspired the name of a British psychedelic rock band, Blair 1523 (Bomp! Records released their lone album in 1993, after the band had already broken up). - The Outcasts tried their hand at many styles, from protest songs (""Price of Victory""), blues (""Sweet Mary""), to instrumentals (""Come on Over"" and ""The Birds"") and romantic ballads (""I'll Set You Free"" and ""Everyday""). The Outcasts also recorded covers, notably ""Smokestack Lightning"" and ""Route 66"". - ""I’m in Pittsburgh (And it’s Raining)"" is featured on: - ""1523 Blair"" is featured on: - ""I’ll Set You Free"" is featured on: - ""Everyday"" is featured on: - ""My Love"" is featured on: - ""Sweet Mary"" is featured on: - ""What Price Victory?"" - ""The Birds"" is featured on: - ""Smokestack Lightning"" is featured on: - ""Route 66"" is featured on: -",2023-08-26 17:16:57 -Ed Pinckney - Wikipedia," - Edward Lewis Pinckney (born March 27, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player.[1] - He attended Villanova University and was a part of the Villanova Wildcats' 1981 heralded recruiting class that included Gary McLain, who was his roommate, and Dwayne McClain. The trio would call themselves ""The Expansion Crew"" during their time at Villanova. - A 6-foot-9-inch (2.06 m) forward from The Bronx, New York,[2] Pinckney led regional eight-seed Villanova Wildcats to the NCAA title over the heavily favored Georgetown Hoyas in 1985. He was the recipient of the Tournament's Most Outstanding Player[3] after registering 16 points and 6 rebounds in the 66–64 victory, widely considered one of the greatest NCAA tournament upsets of all time.[4][5] This game is featured in the book The Perfect Game by Frank Fitzpatrick.[6] - Also in 1985 he was selected tenth overall by the Phoenix Suns in the NBA draft and played for them from 1985 to 1987. He also played with the Sacramento Kings (1987–89), Boston Celtics (1989–94), Milwaukee Bucks (1994–95), Toronto Raptors (1995–96), Philadelphia 76ers (1995–96) and Miami Heat (1996–97). He retired in 1997. - As a Celtic, on April 19, 1994, Pinckney grabbed a career-high 22 rebounds and scored 21 points during a win against the Bucks.[7][8] He participated in the first tip-off in Toronto Raptors franchise history, facing off against Yinka Dare of the New Jersey Nets on November 3, 1995. - Memphis Tigers men's basketball - Pinckney was a radio and television analyst for the Miami Heat from 1997 through 2003. He was the Heat's Director of Mentoring Programs from 2002 to 2003. - He spent the 2009-10 NBA season as a color analyst for the Philadelphia 76ers. - Pinckney served as an assistant coach for the Villanova Wildcats, under head coach Jay Wright from 2003 to 2007. - On September 21, 2007, Pinckney was hired as an assistant coach by the Minnesota Timberwolves.[9] He joined the Chicago Bulls' coaching staff on September 13, 2010.[10] - On July 4, 2015, he was hired to be an assistant coach for the Denver Nuggets.[11] - On October 2, 2016, he returned to the Timberwolves as an assistant coach.[12] - Ed and his wife Rose have three sons, Shae, Spencer, and Austin and one daughter, Andrea.[13] - *Ruled ineligible after tournament -",2023-08-26 17:17:01 -William Drummond (footballer) - Wikipedia," - William Roy Sharp Drummond (18 October 1890–15 December 1966), known as 'Roy', was an Australian rules footballer for the Port Adelaide Football Club. - The son of Andrew Drummond (1849–1926),[2] and Nancy Jane Drummond (1853–1919), née Brookes,[3] William Roy Sharp Drummond was born at Semaphore, South Australia on 18 October 1890. - He married Edith May Williams (1892–1949) on 18 August 1919.[4] - He is the grandfather of Olympic basketballer Phil Smyth.[5] - William Drummond was awarded a Military Medal during World War I. He was awarded the medal for, as records state, taking '""control of his platoon (in battle at Hamel near Amiens on 7 July 1918) after almost all other non-commissioned officers were killed. He reorganised the platoon and led them to their objective that night. He also assisted with the wounded that night and showed great coolness and initiative throughout the operation.""'[6] - After returning from war William would spend time fishing off the Semaphore Jetty trying to catch fish to feed families struggling to obtain food.[6] - He died at Largs Bay, South Australia on 15 December 1966.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:17:05 -Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders - Wikipedia," - Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) (IAST: Majhagānv Dawk Limiṭeḍ), formerly called Mazagon Dock Limited,[3] is a shipyard situated in Mazagaon, Mumbai. It manufactures warships and submarines for the Indian Navy and offshore platforms and associated support vessels for offshore oil drilling. It also builds tankers, cargo bulk carriers, passenger ships and ferries.[4][1] - MDL is a public sector undertaking managed by the Ministry of Defence, with the Government of India holding an 84.83% stake. Its shipbuilding segment has indigenously built stealth frigates, destroyers, guided-missile destroyers, corvettes, landing platform docks, missile boats, patrol boats, trailing suction hopper dredgers, cargo ships, cargo-passenger ships, platform supply vessels, Voith tugs and BOP vessels, while its submarine segment has built conventional submarines and stealth submarines. Both segments have also performed repair and refit activities.[5][6][7] - The shipyards of MDL were established in the 18th century. Ownership of the yards passed through entities including the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and the British-India Steam Navigation Company. Eventually, 'Mazagon Dock Limited' was registered as a public company in 1934. The shipyard was nationalised in 1960 and is now a public sector undertaking of the Government of India.[1] - Vice Admiral Narayan Prasad, AVSM, NM, IN (Retd), is the Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited. The retired naval officer took over his current position on 30 December 2019.[8] - The activities at the yard are shipbuilding, submarine building, and fabrication of offshore structures. It has manufacturing facilities in Mumbai and Nhava. - The yard has the capability to build warships, submarines, and merchant ships up to 30,000 deadweight tons (DWT).[9] It can fabricate wellhead platforms, process and production platforms, and jack-up rigs for oil exploration. - The first warship built by MDL was the 2900-ton displacement INS Nilgiri, the lead ship of her class. She was launched on 15 October 1966 and commissioned on 23 June 1972. Five more frigates of this class were built over the next nine years for the Indian Navy.[10] - While construction of the Nilgiri class was being completed, the Indian Navy proposed requirements for an indigenously designed and built frigate. This new frigate was to be of wholly Indian design and manufacture. To address these requirements, MDL designed and built the Godavari-class guided-missile frigates with a 3,800-tonne displacement and the ability to embark two helicopters. MDL built three ships of the class – the lead ship, INS Godavari, INS Ganga and INS Gomati.[11] - MDL designed and built the first two vessels of the Khukri-class corvettes for the Indian Navy. The lead vessel of the class was commissioned on 23 August 1989, and the second, INS Kuthar, on 7 June 1990. The remainder of the class was built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) following a transfer of technology from MDL to diversify warship building capabilities to other yards, as well as to make room at MDL for larger projects.[12] - The next class of vessels designed and built by MDL was Project 15 Delhi-class guided-missile destroyers. These were powered by gas turbines and displaced 6,200 tonnes. The first of the class, INS Delhi, was launched in February 1991 and commissioned on 15 November 1997. The second, INS Mysore, was commissioned on 2 June 1999, followed by the last ship in the series, INS Mumbai, on 22 January 2001.[13] - The 6000-ton Shivalik-class (Project 17) frigates are the first warships with stealth features to be designed and built in India. These multi-role, guided-missile frigates have reduced radar signature and have entered service from 2010 onwards. At least three of this class have been constructed at MDL. The lead vessel of the class was commissioned on 29 April 2010. The last ship of the class, INS Sahyadri, was launched on 27 May 2005 and commissioned on 21 July 2012. - Kolkata-class vessels are the next-generation of guided-missile destroyers in the 7,400-tonne range to be designed and built at MDL. They incorporate stealth features. The lead vessel of the class was launched on 30 March 2006. At least three vessels of the class were planned. All three are in active service. - Visakhapatnam-class vessels are the next-generation of guided-missile destroyers in the 7,500-tonne range to be designed and built at MDL. They incorporate stealth features and improved weapons and avionics compared to the Kolkata class. The lead vessel of the class was launched in 2018. At least four vessels of the class are planned. - Nilgiri class vessels are the next-generation of guided-missile Frigates in the 6,500-tonne range to be designed and built at MDL and GRSE. They incorporate stealth features. The lead vessel of the class was launched on 28 September 2019. At least seven vessels of the class are planned. Four will be built by MDL, while the rest three by GRSE. - The yard builds offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) for the Indian Coast Guard. These vessels are specialised ships built for patrolling, policing, search and rescue operations in India's exclusive economic zone. Each carries a helicopter on board. Seven such ships have been delivered to the Coast Guard. - Based on the order by the BSF, the yard started construction of floating border outposts (BOPs). Essentially these BOPs are floating police stations with four high-speed boats. The yard has delivered 9 out of an order of 14 BOPs. - Among other ships, the yard has built three fast missile boats, a cadet training ship, and other utility ships for the Indian Navy. It has also built Kangan class water tankers for the Iranian naval forces.[14] - The Shishumar-class submarines are a variant of the Type 209 diesel-electric submarine designed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft. Two vessels of this class were constructed at MDL. These were the first two indigenously built submarines in India. INS Shalki was commissioned on 7 February 1992 and INS Shankul was commissioned on 28 May 1994. - MDL is building six diesel-electric submarines of the Kalvari class under a technology-transfer agreement with DCNS. INS Kalvari, the first in this class, was commissioned by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 14 December 2017 from Naval Dockyard in Mumbai.[15] - MDL builds offshore oil drilling platforms. It operates facilities at Alcock, Mumbai, and Nhava Yard for the construction of platforms with wellhead, water injection and production separator and glycol process capabilities, as well as jackup rigs, SBMs and other offshore structures.[16] - Repair and maintenance jobs on offshore rigs are undertaken at Alcock; jackets up to 80 metres (260 ft) length and 2,200-tonne weight can be constructed. At Nhava, jackets up to 80 metres (260 ft) length and 2,300-tonne weight, main decks up to 550-tonne weight and helipads of 160-tonne weight can be constructed. - The yard builds specialist vessels able to clean oil spills and fight fires on offshore drilling platforms. - A welding training school develops and maintains welding techniques and procedures. -  WikiMiniAtlas18°58′02″N 72°51′00″E / 18.96713°N 72.84993°E / 18.96713; 72.84993 -",2023-08-26 17:17:07 -List of Indiana state historical markers in Warrick County - Wikipedia," - - This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Warrick County. - This is intended to be a detailed table of the official state historical marker placed in Warrick County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The location of the historical marker and its latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with its name, year of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There is 1 historical marker located in Warrick County.[1] - Download coordinates as: -",2023-08-26 17:17:11 -Kill or Be Killed (song) - Wikipedia,"""Kill or Be Killed"" is a song by British rock band Muse. It was released on 21 July 2022 as the fourth single ahead of their ninth studio album Will of the People, having already debuted in live format during festival shows of their Will of the People World Tour. It was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards. - ""Kill or Be Killed"" was debuted in live format at the 4 June 2022 show of the Will of the People World Tour, at the Rock am Ring music festival in Germany, during which the previous single ""Will of the People"" also received its live debut. ""Kill or Be Killed"" was played as the first song of the encore, before the closing song ""Knights of Cydonia"", and without any official prior announcement from the band.[1] - ""Kill or Be Killed"" was subsequently played at every following show of the tour, emerging as a fan favourite. On 14 July, Muse confirmed through social media that ""Kill or Be Killed"" would be released as the fourth single ahead of Will of the People two weeks later on 21 July 2022, with a thirty-second snippet of the studio version of the song becoming available to preview through TikTok later that day.[2] - Prior to the live debut of ""Kill or Be Killed"", in an interview with Apple Music 1 on 17 March 2022, Matt Bellamy described ""Kill or Be Killed"" as ""the best metal/prog track we've ever done"", featuring ""industrial-tinged, granite-heavy guitar riffs""; he further stated that the track could have been featured on Muse's seventh studio album, Drones.[3] Music journalists have described ""Kill or Be Killed"" as progressive metal,[4][5] heavy metal,[6] alternative metal,[7] and metalcore.[8] - Touring members: Morgan Nicholls (2006–2019), Dan Lancaster (2022–) -",2023-08-26 17:17:14 -Slender-billed oriole - Wikipedia," - The slender-billed oriole (Oriolus tenuirostris) is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae found from the eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia. - Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.[citation needed] - Two subspecies are recognized:[2] - - This Oriolidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:17:17 -Veselin - Wikipedia,"Veselin (Cyrillic script: Веселин) is a masculine given name of Slavic origin. It may refer to: -",2023-08-26 17:17:20 -Milik Bagha - Wikipedia," - Milik Bagha (Bengali: মিলিক বাঘা) is a village in Bagha Upazila of Rajshahi District of Bangladesh.[1][2] - - This Rajshahi Division location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:17:24 -tert-Butylbenzene - Wikipedia,"tert-Butylbenzene is an organic compound classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Its structure consists of a benzene ring substituted with a tert-butyl group. It is a flammable colorless liquid which is nearly insoluble in water but miscible with organic solvents. - tert-Butylbenzene can be produced by the treatment of benzene with isobutene[1] or by the reaction of benzene with tert-butyl chloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride,[2] the latter is depicted below: - This article about a hydrocarbon is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:17:27 -2017–2020 Qatif unrest - Wikipedia," - Saudi Arabian National Guard -Presidency of State Security - The 2017–2020 Qatif unrest was a phase of conflict in the Qatif region of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between Saudi security forces and the local Shia community,[6] that arose sporadically starting in 1979,[7] including a series of protests and repression during the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests.[8] - This phase of the conflict began after an incident on 12 May 2017, when a child and a Pakistani man were shot and killed.[9] The detention of Qatif human rights activist Israa al-Ghomgham and her husband and the possible beheading of al-Ghomgham as the first Saudi woman to be executed for her human rights activities gained international attention during 2018.[10][11][12] On 31 January 2019, the Saudi authorities confirmed in a public statement that they would not seek the imposition of the death penalty against al-Ghomgham.[13][14][15] - On 15 October 2014, Nimr al-Nimr was sentenced to death by the Specialised Criminal Court for ""seeking 'foreign meddling' in Saudi Arabia, 'disobeying' its rulers and taking up arms against the security forces"".[16] -Said Boumedouha of Amnesty International stated that the death sentence was part of a campaign by the authorities in Saudi Arabia to crush all dissent, including those defending the rights of the Kingdom's Shi'a Muslim community.[17] -Nimr al-Nimr's brother, Mohammad al-Nimr, tweeted information about the death sentence[16] and was arrested on the same day.[17] The head of Iran's armed forces warned Saudi Arabia that it would ""pay dearly"" if it carried out the execution.[18] - In March 2015 the Saudi Arabian appellate court upheld the death sentence against al-Nimr.[19] On 25 October 2015, the Supreme Religious Court of Saudi Arabia rejected al-Nimr's appeal against his death sentence. During an interview for Reuters, al-Nimr's brother claimed that the decision was a result of a hearing which occurred without the presence or notification of al-Nimr's lawyers and family. Al-Nimr's brother still remained hopeful that King Salman would grant a pardon.[20][21][22] Nimr al-Nimr was executed along with 46 others on 2 January 2016.[23] - From May 2017[1][2] through to 2018[24] and 2019,[25] several incidents occurred in which Qatif residents and/or Saudi policemen were killed. - Around May 2017, Saudi authorities erected siege barricades in Awamiyah and attempted to bulldoze the al-Musawara residential area.[4] Adam Coogle of Human Rights Watch (HRW) described the conflict as surprisingly intense for Saudi Arabia, stating, ""I've documented conflict in Saudi Arabia before but nothing like this. I've seen protests, but nothing this militarised."" He considered it unprecedented for there to be ""heavy clashes going on between the state and its citizens in a Saudi city.""[4] About 12–25 people were killed in shelling and sniper fire during May and the following few months. Streets of Awamiyah were described by The Independent as ""covered in rubble and sewage"" and ""[looking] more like a scene from Syria than an oil-rich Gulf city.""[4] One protestor stated that he switched from peaceful protesting to methods to armed methods as a result of government repression, including an assault against his wife and frightening his children.[4] - In early December 2017, Israa al-Ghomgham and her husband Moussa al-Hashem were arrested in their home[10][26] and detained in the Dammam al-Mabahith prison.[27] They were charged for their activities in relation to participation and documentation of the Qatif political protests.[27] On 6 August 2018, the prosecutor in their case recommended that they be executed, making al-Ghomgham the first Saudi women to be sentenced to death for human rights campaigning, according to Saudi activists.[11][12] Al-Ghomgham and her husband's potential death sentence gained international attention, with support for their case from Shia Rights Watch,[26] the European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights,[11] Amnesty International,[28] and Global Affairs Canada.[29] Al-Ghomgham's final sentencing for confirming or rejecting the proposed death penalty was planned for 28 October 2018.[10] - Legal proceedings, including arrests, investigations, trials and executions, of 24 people were referred to as the ""Qatif 24 case"". Most were convicted on false confessions based on torture. Fourteen of these were executed as part of the 2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution.[30] -",2023-08-26 17:17:31 -Koviahy - Wikipedia,"Koviahy (Ukrainian: Ков'яги) is an urban-type settlement in Bohodukhiv Raion (district) of Kharkiv Oblast in eastern Ukraine. It is an administrative center of Koviahy Council which, includes the villages of Zhuravli, Rozsokhivka, Trokhymivka and Halimonivka. Koviahy belongs to Valky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 2,912 (2022 estimate)[2] - It was a village in Valky uyezd of Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire. - During World War II it was under German occupation from October 1941 to August 1943.[3] - Urban-type settlement since 1968.[4] - In January 1989 the population was 3963 people.[5] - In January 2013 the population was 3138 people.[6] - In January 2018 the population was 3079 people.[7] - A railway station is here.[4] - Until 18 July 2020, Koviahy belonged to Valky Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Valky Raion was merged into Bohodukhiv Raion.[8][9] -  WikiMiniAtlas49°54′N 35°33′E / 49.900°N 35.550°E / 49.900; 35.550 -",2023-08-26 17:17:34 -Géologique de Normandie-Maine Regional Nature Reserve - Wikipedia,"The Géologique de Normandie-Maine Regional Nature Reserve (RNR216) is a geological regional nature reserve located in the Normandie region. Established in 2009, it spreads over 0.37 hectares and protects an extraction site of Ordovician limestone, renowned for its microfossils of conodonts. By its size, it is the third smallest regionale nature reserve in France.[1][2] - The territory of the nature reserve is located in the Orne department, in the domain of the commune Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard, inside the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park. It comprise the site of the Carrière des Vaux, a small abandoned Ordovician limestone quarry. The site has an altitude of 245 m.[3] - The site is known since the end of the XIXth century, thanks to the works of Alexandre Bigot, and is known for its heritage value since the 1990s. Extraction ceased at the turn of the XXth century. A regional inventory of the geological patrimony in 2007 allowed to launch the idea of the creation of a nature reserve. Finally, the death of its landlady in 2008 allowed the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park to buy the site. - The interest of the site is mostly geological. It consists of the presence of microfossils of conodonts, which enabled its biostratigraphic datation and conferred to the site its national interest. It is scheduled that other sites rejoin the regional nature reserve in the future. - The site belongs to the eastern part of the Armorican Massif and is located in the northern flank of the syncline of Sées. The inclination of the layers present an average dip of 40 degrees towards the south. In the limestone levels of the quarry, joints facilitating the cutting of blocks can be observed. - The vascular flora, studied in 2009, count a hundred of species typicals of the underwood. One of them is considered rare, the Plymouth pear. Other plants includes the wayfarer, the false-brome, the grey sedge, the woodland hawthorn, the lizard orchid... - 5 species of mammals, 20 species of birds and 34 species of insects are known on the site. - Parts of the site are opened to the public, who can observe the limestone blocks still bearing conodont microfossils. - The nature reserve is managed by the Normandie-Maine Regional Natural Park. Its management plan covers the period 2012–2019. - The nature reserve was established after deliberation the 18 December 2009. -The site is located near the Natura 2000 ""Haute vallée de l'Orne et affluents"". -",2023-08-26 17:17:38 -Chen Ching-tsai - Wikipedia,"Chen Ching-tsai (Chinese: 陳慶財; pinyin: Chén Qìngcái; born 26 December 1952) is a Taiwanese politician. He was Deputy Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan from 2008 to 2014. - Chen earned a master's degree in accounting from National Chengchi University in 1993 and an executive MBA from National Taiwan University in 2005.[1] - Chen was the accountant-general of the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 1999–2000. In 2000, he started to work for the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, first as an accounting officer and chief secretary until 2003, then director-general of the First Bureau in 2003-2004 and deputy minister from 2004 to 2006. In 2008, he became Deputy Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan, remaining in this position until 2014.[1] - - This article about a politician from Taiwan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:17:41 -Shalakho - Wikipedia,"Shalakho (Armenian: շալախո, Georgian: შალახო or კინტოური) is a dance famous throughout all of South Caucasus.[1] - In a broadly spread version, two men dance in order to win the favour of a woman. The dance can be performed by one or more dancers, men or women, in a free, Caucasian style of performance. Motions of women can be slow and lyrical. Music of the dance is rapid, which is reflected in the expansive and energetic motions of men.[2] - The dance melody was first recorded and arranged for piano by the Armenian composer Nikoghayos Tigranyan in 1895. -[3] - The dance was performed in a 1940 Azerbaijani ballet Maiden Tower by Afrasiyab Badalbeyli.[4] In 1942, it was performed in an Armenian ballet called Gayane by Aram Khachaturian.[5] - SHALAKHO is a 6/8 dance popular throughout the Caucasus. The folk versions varied, in some areas being a woman’s solo dance, and in others a man’s solo. The most well known stage version depicts two men competing for a woman’s favors. It can be performed with one or more dancers, male or female, dancing freestyle in the Caucasian manner. The movements for women can be soft and lyrical, and include little grapevine steps and hand gestures typical of the solo dance. The actual music is fast and spirited, and the male dancing reflects this, being expansive and vigorous. SHALAKHO is a 6/8 dance popular throughout the Caucasus. The folk versions varied, in some areas being a woman’s solo dance, and in others a man’s solo. The most well known stage version depicts two men competing for a woman’s favors. It can be performed with one or more dancers, male or female, dancing freestyle in the Caucasian manner. The movements for women can be soft and lyrical, and include little grapevine steps and hand gestures typical of the solo dance. The actual music is fast and spirited, and the male dancing reflects this, being expansive and vigorous. Genuine examples of folk music are widely represented in ""Gayane"": labor, comic, lyrical, heroic songs and dances. Among the folk melodies used by the composer there are such wonderful examples as ""Pshati par"" (in ""Gathering cotton""), ""Gna ari man ari"" (in ""Dance of the Cotton""), ""Shalakho"", ""Uzundara"" (in the fourth act), etc. ...",2023-08-26 17:17:46 -Starlin Castro - Wikipedia," - Starlin DeJesus Castro (born March 24, 1990) is a Dominican professional baseball infielder for the Spire City Ghost Hounds of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, New York Yankees, Miami Marlins and Washington Nationals. Castro is a four-time MLB All-Star and holds the record for most runs batted in in an MLB debut. In 2011, he led the National League in hits, becoming the youngest player to do so. - In 2009, Castro was named to the Florida State League All-Star team, and won MVP honors, going 4-for-4 with an inside-the-park home run in the game.[1] He was also named All-Star Futures Game for the World Team. After the season, Castro was named the best prospect in Chicago's organization by Baseball America.[2] - Castro was called up to the majors on May 7, 2010, from the Tennessee Smokies, the Cubs Double-A affiliate.[3] He became the first major league player born in the 1990s.[4] - In his first major league at-bat, he hit a three-run home run off Homer Bailey of the Cincinnati Reds. He became the sixth player in Cubs history and 106th player overall to hit a home run in his first MLB at-bat. Later in the game he hit a triple with the bases loaded, setting the record for most runs batted in (RBIs) in a major league debut with six. He finished the game two for five in the Cubs' 14–7 win.[5] Castro finished the season with a .300/.347/.408 line with three home runs and 41 RBIs in 463 at-bats over 125 games. Despite his significant offensive contribution, Castro led the team and was second in the National League in errors with 27. - On October 19, 2010, Castro was named the shortstop on Baseball America's 2010 All-Rookie Team.[6] He was also named the shortstop on the 2010 Topps Major League Rookie All-Star Team.[7] He finished tied for fifth in Rookie of the Year voting.[8] - 2011 was Castro's first full season as an MLB player, and also marked his first All-Star Game selection, as he was one of three shortstops selected to the National League All-Star team. Castro was the youngest Chicago Cub player to make an All-Star team.[9] Castro stole two bases in the All-Star Game despite having only one plate appearance, tying him for the most stolen bases in a single All-Star Game.[10] The same day, Castro received Edward Jones Player of the Month Award honors. Castro was the National League Player of the Week twice during the 2011 season.[11] - On September 23, 2011, Castro got his 200th base hit of the season, at Busch Stadium against the rival St. Louis Cardinals, and was the youngest member of the Cubs to ever do so.[12] - Castro was the youngest player to ever lead the National League in hits, achieving the feat with his 207th hit of the season on September 28, 2011.[12] Castro's game jersey was sent to the Hall of Fame, in a similar manner to his MLB debut's game jersey. His line for the 2011 season was .307/.341/.432, and it was the first season in which he hit double digit home runs (10). Overall, Castro finished the 2011 season with a .307 batting average, 10 home runs and 66 RBI. His 207 base hits and 674 at-bats both led the National League. - On defense, he led all National League shortstops in assists, with 446, and all major league shortstops in errors, with 29. He also had the lowest fielding percentage for a shortstop (.961).[13] - Castro was selected to the National League All-Star team along with teammate Bryan LaHair. Castro finished the 2012 season playing all 162 games with a .283 average, 14 homers, and 78 RBI. He was caught stealing 13 times which led MLB. He also led the National League again with 646 at-bats and 465 assists as a shortstop. In August, Castro and the Cubs agreed to a contract extension through the 2019 season with a team option for 2020, with total guaranteed compensation of $60 million.[14] - Castro had his worst year ending with a career low batting average of .245. He hit 10 home runs and had 44 RBIs, nine steals, and 2 triples while playing in 161 games.[15] - After a disappointing 2013, Castro was selected to appear in his third All-Star game along with teammate Anthony Rizzo in 2014. Unfortunately, Castro's All-Star year came to an early end when he was injured on September 2 when he awkwardly slid into home plate in a game against the Milwaukee Brewers. He did not return for the balance of the year and finished with a strong batting average of .292 with 14 home runs, 65 RBI's, 4 stolen bases, 33 doubles and 1 triple in 528 at bats.[16] - Castro was the top hitting shortstop (for batting average) in the National League ahead of the Dodgers' Hanley Ramírez.[17] On defense, he had only 15 errors and a fielding percentage of .973. - During a game on April 20, 2015, against the Pirates in Pittsburgh, Castro hit a ball that went foul behind home plate and struck a fan in her head. The game was delayed for 23 minutes until the fan was escorted on a stretcher and hospitalized due to a concussion.[18] - Come the trade deadline, there was much speculation of a trade involving Castro. Potential deals might have involved him going to the Phillies[19] or the Padres.[20] Amid the speculation, Castro was told by manager Joe Maddon that he would not be traded.[21] - In August, Castro was benched by Cubs manager Joe Maddon due to poor performance, including a career low .236 batting average.[22] With rookie Addison Russell taking over as the everyday shortstop, Castro made the switch to second base on August 12.[23][24][25] On September 18, in an important game against the division leading Cardinals, Castro hit two home runs and matched his career high with six RBIs to lead the Cubs to an 8–3 win. - On December 8, 2015, Castro was traded to the New York Yankees in exchange for pitcher Adam Warren and a player to be named later. On December 15, 2015, Brendan Ryan was also traded to the Cubs to finalize the transaction.[26] - On April 6, 2016, Castro had 5 RBI in a win over the Houston Astros, and he broke the franchise record for most RBI in the first two career games with the Yankees with 7, and the fourth player to get 7 RBI in the first two games in a season.[27] On April 9, Castro recorded his 1000th career hit, in a win over the Detroit Tigers. On June 22, Castro hit his first ever walk-off home run in a 9–8 win over the Rockies. Castro finished the season with a .270 batting average and a career high 21 home runs and 70 RBI. - On April 28, 2017, Castro hit a game tying 2-run home run in the 9th inning of an eventual 14–11 Yankees comeback win against the Baltimore Orioles. On June 27, he was placed on the 10-day disabled list due to a hamstring injury.[28] On July 22, he was again placed on the 10-day disabled list due to the same hamstring problem.[29] Castro finished 2017 with a .300 batting average with 16 home runs and 63 RBI in 112 games played. - On December 11, 2017, Castro was traded to the Miami Marlins (along with Jorge Guzmán and José Devers) in exchange for outfielder Giancarlo Stanton and cash considerations.[30] He finished his first season with the Marlins with a .278 batting average and 12 home runs and 54 RBI. - Castro entered 2019 as a prominent trade candidate for the Marlins, but he struggled offensively throughout the first half of the season and did not attract much interest prior to the July 31 trade deadline. He transitioned from second base to third base in early August when the team promoted prospect Isan Díaz from the minor leagues. Castro's performance improved late in the season and he finished with a .270 batting average and set new career highs with 22 home runs and 86 RBI.[31] He was one of only five MLB players in 2019 to play the full 162-game schedule.[32] - On October 31, 2019, the Marlins declined their 2020 option on him and made him a free agent.[33] - The Washington Nationals signed Castro to a two-year contract reportedly valued at $12 million on January 7, 2020.[34] On July 23, 2020, Castro was the starting second baseman, making his Nationals debut on Opening Day against his former team, the New York Yankees. In an August 14 game against the Baltimore Orioles, Castro suffered a broken wrist attempting to make a diving play in the sixth inning. On August 22, it was announced that Castro had undergone surgery on the wrist and would miss the remainder of the year.[35] On the season, Castro slashed .267/.302/.405 with 2 home runs and 4 RBI.[36] - On June 15, 2021, Castro was placed on the restricted list after leaving the team to deal with a “family matter which requires his immediate attention.”[37] - Castro was released by the Nationals on September 2, 2021, shortly after the conclusion of his 30-game suspension for violating the MLB domestic violence policy.[38] - On June 27, 2022, Castro signed with the Leones de Yucatán of the Mexican League.[39] In 28 games, he batted .240/.312/.323 with 1 home run and 9 RBIs. Castro left the team on August 14, for what the club cited as personal reasons.[40] - On April 24, 2023, Castro signed with the Spire City Ghost Hounds of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.[41] - On July 16, 2021, Major League Baseball announced it had begun an investigation into domestic violence allegations that had been brought against Castro, and he was placed on administrative leave.[42] On July 30, Castro was suspended 30 games without pay and fined an undisclosed amount for violation of the league’s joint domestic violence policy. The Nationals announced shortly afterward that they would be releasing Castro after his suspension was served.[43][better source needed] -",2023-08-26 17:17:49 -Daniel Quirk - Wikipedia,"Daniel Michael Quirk (July 19, 1982 – May 28, 2005)[1] was an American professional wrestler, known by his ring name Spider, who competed in several Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic independent promotions including Assault Championship Wrestling, Chikara, the Millennium Wrestling Federation, the National Wrestling Alliance, World Wrestling Alliance and World Xtreme Wrestling. - One of the youngest-ever NWA New England Junior Heavyweight Champions, he faced some of the top light heavyweights in the Northeast including longtime friend and trainer John Brooks, Jason Rumble, Eddie Edwards, Mikey Whipwreck, and Gran Akuma. In 2004, he and Akuma met in the opening round of Chikara's Young Lions Cup tournament. - Quirk's ring death in 2005 was the first major death to occur on the independent circuit as the result of an in-ring accident and concern was voiced by many in the professional wrestling industry including Al Snow,[2][3] Percy Pringle,[4] and Dan Mirade[5][6] over negligence and regulation of independent wrestling in the United States.[7] - Daniel Quirk was born to Mike Quirk and his wife in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and grew up in Shelton, Connecticut. According to Quirk, he initially became interested in wrestling when a friend showed him action figures of Demolition in second grade. He began watching the World Wrestling Federation around 1990. Bret Hart, Mr. Perfect and The Rockers (Marty Jannetty and Shawn Michaels) would later influence his ring style. He was involved in ""backyard wrestling"" with his brothers and friends as a teenager and, in early 2002, Quirk began training under John Brooks and Bert Centano at the USA Pro Wrestling School in West Haven, Connecticut.[8] He also attended clinics held by Christopher Daniels, Mike Quackenbush and Tom Prichard. - Quirk began appearing in local wrestling shows as Stuart the manager of the Scottish Gigolo. On July 21, 2002, Quirk made his professional debut against Beau Douglas in a gauntlet match for Jason Knight's Assault Championship Wrestling. A month later, he appeared on another gauntlet match for ACW teaming with trainer John Brooks in a tag team match against Bulldog & Shabba on August 24. He also lost a match to the Scottish Gigolo in Worcester, Massachusetts, at the end of the month. He would spend much his early career on the road with frequent rival and a later personal friend, Nocturne.[9] - Later that year, he made his first appearance for the New Age Wrestling Federation when he defeated White Blaze and later participated in a battle royal on October 20. In mid-November, he lost to ""Beautiful"" Billy Body at a show for Afa's World Xtreme Wrestling on November 23 and teamed with Mark Gore against WXW Tag Team Champions Tommy Suade and Supreme Lee Great the following night. On December 1, he returned to ACW for another gauntlet match, defeating Pepsi Boy but losing to DC Dillinger later on that night. - During the next year, he would quickly become a regular on the independent circuit. On February 23, he took part in a gauntlet match for Pro Wrestling Alliance defeating Slate, Wicked before being eliminated by J-Busta. Quirk would trade matches with him at a PWA and NAWF show the next month. He also feuded with Mark Gore over the NAWF Junior Heavyweight Championship and eventually defeated him for the title in a ladder match on April 27, 2003. - He would once again team with John Brooks, defeating Leroy & Genesis at an NAWF event on May 21. The following week for South Coast Championship Wrestling, Quirk lost a five-way match for the SCCW Lightweight title against Stevie Sky, Derrick Destiny, The Kreeper and Kid Capri on May 30. Entering a championship tournament for the MWF Heavyweight Championship the next night, he was eliminated by John Brooks. On June 8, he also lost a four-way match to Jeff Rocker, Shabba White and Wiqued at an ACW show. - On July 26, he won his first major title when he and Captain Charisma defeated NWA New England Junior Heavyweight Champion Jason Rumble and Paulie Gilmore in a tag team match. As a result of the pre-match stipulations ordered by NWA Commissioner Marc Greene, both Quirk and Captain Charisma are named co-champions. This is one of the very few, if any, times that a title was defended by two wrestlers at once. Although the two would defend the title in a handicap match against Rumble on September 20, the title would eventually be vacated and declared inactive within another month. - Successfully defending his NAWF title in a three-way match against Nocturne and Genesis, he lost to Genesis in a non-title match on September 6. The next night, he also failed to defeat Eddie Edwards for the ACW Junior Heavyweight Championship. On September 28, he lost a four-way match against J-Busta, Luis Ortiz and Mikey Whipwreck at an XBoku event. On October 5, he wrestled two matches in one night at an MWF show losing to Mighty Mini, Eddie Edwards and participating in a battle royal. At an October 18 East Coast Pro Wrestling show, he lost a three-way match to John Brooks and Genesis. On October 30, he lost a match to SSCW Lightweight Champion The Kreeper. In November, he lost to Supreme Lee Great at a November 16 show for LXW but defeated J-Busta at a CCW show a week later. He also made a brief appearance for the World Wrestling Alliance at the end of the month. - On February 29, 2004, Quirk teamed with UltraMantis and Mister Zero to defeat Nocturne, Jigsaw and Rorschach at an LXW show. Feuding with Gran Akuma over the NAWF Junior Heavyweight Championship, he defeated him for the title on April 4. He held the title for two months before losing the title back to Akuma. In May, Quirk defeated Dan Barry in a ladder match.[10] On July 10, 2004, he also lost to Gran Akuma in the opening rounds of Chikara's Young Lions Cup tournament. He and Dave Cole were also given a title shot against UCW Tag Team Champions The Millennium Killaz later that month, but failed to defeat them. - Quirk would spend the rest of the year in Connecticut Championship Wrestling, East Coast Pro Wrestling and World Xtreme Wrestling. On September 10, he lost to Low Ryda in a match for the WXW Cruiserweight Championship. He also lost to CCW Northeast Champion Dave Cole two months later. On April 2, 2005, he teamed with Jason Blade and Nocturne against Mister Zero, Rorschach and Ultramantis defeating his former allies. He also appeared in Assault Championship Wrestling, Powerhouse Wrestling and Ultimate Championship Wrestling during early 2005.[11] - Dan Quirk died after suffering fatal injuries at an Ultimate Championship Wrestling event in Taunton, Massachusetts.[12] With blood visible on the floor, the match was stopped. An ambulance was called, but all efforts to revive Quirk were unsuccessful.[13][14] According to eyewitnesses, no mats had been provided outside the ring and that may have been the deciding factor resulting in his fatal injuries.[7] - In the days following his death, it was announced on his former website that the Daniel Michael Quirk Memorial Scholarship Fund would be set up in his memory.[15] His father, Mike Quirk, said that the fund would be available for a graduating senior from Shelton High School majoring in graphic arts and communications. Quirk had studied graphic design at Northeastern University and the University of New Haven[16] and later designed websites for various independent wrestlers and promotions in addition to being the webmaster of NAWF's official website.[8] - On June 11, 2005, Connecticut Championship Wrestling dedicated its WrestleJam 2 supercard to Quirk's memory.[7] Prior to the show, a special ceremony was held at the ACES Collaborative Alternative Magnet School for Leadership in Northford, Connecticut, while promoter Joe LaChance and Bulldog Blanski both gave a speech to the crowd. The entire CCW roster, including Matt Hardy, was present during the ceremony. Quirk's death, according to Blanski, prompted he and Mike Milano to contact Jason Knight whom they had not spoken to since leaving Assault Championship Wrestling to form their own promotion. Among the wrestlers who headlined the event included April Hunter, Ariel, Cindy Rogers, Scotty Charisma, Rob Eckos, Jay Lethal, Slyck Wagner Brown, The Logan Brothers (Bryan and Matt), The Outkast Killaz (Diablo Santiago and Oman Tortuga), and All Money Is Legal (K-Pusha and K-Murda). The main event featured a tribute ten man tag match featuring the team of Nocturne, Ron Zombie, Mark Gore, Bulldog Blanski and Jose Perez against the Iron Eagle, Dave Cole, Anthony Michaels, J Busta and Tim Kilgore. Both Monsta Mack and Low Ki made a surprise appearance on the show. John Brooks, also made an appearance at the event alongside Matt Hardy.[17][18] -",2023-08-26 17:17:52 -Betty Ann Grubb Stuart - Wikipedia,"Betty Ann Grubb Stuart (born February 26, 1950) is a retired American professional tennis player. She had her most significant success in doubles, including reaching the final of the 1977 US Open with Renée Richards as her partner.[1] - Stuart has been married four times. Her second husband was Ken Stuart. Her third husband was Australian tennis player Phil Dent, and she is the mother of American tennis players Brett Hansen-Dent and Taylor Dent. Her niece is professional beach volleyball player Misty May-Treanor. - - This American biographical article related to tennis is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:17:55 -Clavus hylikos - Wikipedia," - Clavus hylikos is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae.[1][2] - The length of the shell attains 7.6 mm. - This is a marine species occurs off New Caledonia. - - - This Drilliidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:17:59 -Molson Lake Airport - Wikipedia,"Molson Lake Airport (TC LID: CKJ8) is located 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northwest of Molson Lake, Manitoba, Canada. The airstrip services Molson Lake Lodge and is maintained by the workers at the lodge. - - This article about an airport in Manitoba is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:18:04 -Oasis (2002 film) - Wikipedia,"Oasis (Korean: 오아시스) is a 2002 South Korean psychological drama romance film directed by Lee Chang-dong. The film's plot tells about the difficult romance between a mildly mentally disabled man who has just been released from jail after a 2+1⁄2-year sentence for involuntary manslaughter and a woman with severe cerebral palsy. Starring in these roles are the couple from Lee Chang-dong's previous film Peppermint Candy: Sol Kyung-gu and Moon So-ri. The movie also shows how the two main characters are treated by their families and perceived by the people around them. - The film was a critical success, earning prizes in numerous film festivals. Among the most important were Silver Lion for Best Direction and the Special Director's prize given to Lee Chang-dong at the 2002 Venice Film Festival and the Marcello Mastroianni Award for Emerging Actor or Actress given to Moon So-ri at the same event. - Upon his release from prison, Hong Jong-du (Sol Kyung-gu) goes looking for his relatives in Seoul. He is back on the streets after serving a two-and-a-half-year prison term for a hit-and-run accident. He discovers that during his absence, his family moved without telling him. Oblivious to society's rules, he again ends up in police custody for non-payment of a restaurant bill. He is bailed out by his younger brother Jong-sae (Ryoo Seung-wan) and reunited with his estranged family, who reluctantly take him back in. Slightly mentally disabled and an incurable social misfit, Jong-du is hired as a delivery boy for a Chinese restaurant on the recommendation of his older brother Jong-il (Ahn Nae-sang). - In an awkward attempt at reconciliation, Jong-du seeks out the family of the man killed in the accident. He finds the man's son, Han Sang-shik (Son Byong-ho) is moving out and leaving behind his cerebral palsy-stricken sister Gong-ju (Moon So-ri) to be cared for by the neighbors while he uses her disability status to get a better subsidized apartment where he pretends she is living. The family is horrified at Jong-du's intrusion, but he becomes intrigued by Gong-ju. - Jong-du decides to woo her by sending flowers and discovers where her house keys are hidden. He lets himself in at a time when he knows she is alone. He awkwardly make conversation and leaves his card for her to call him if she wants. Leaving, he notices and becomes interested in her feet, claiming to have never seen a woman's bare foot before. Gong-ju is startled and distressed at this extremely invasive comment from a complete stranger. Trying to pacify the startled Gong-ju, Jong-du loses control and starts to sexually assault the helpless woman, stopping only when she faints. - Fired from his job after crashing the scooter, Jong-du is given the opportunity to work in his brother's auto repair shop, where he also sleeps at night. A couple of days later to his surprise, Gong-ju calls him in the middle of night. After a number of secret encounters and outings, nearly being discovered by their families or the neighbors, the two misfits become inseparable. Gong-ju tells him how frightened she is of a shadow from a tree outside her window. Jong-du promises her that she no longer has to be afraid because he will make the shadows disappear by magic. - On their adventures outside of the apartment, the couple is faced with the harsh reality of a discriminating society but is comforted by the innocent sanctity of their love. When Jong-du naively brings Gong-ju to his mother's birthday celebration, tempers flare and viewers learn that his older brother was the actual culprit of the hit-and-run: his family was glad when Jong-du volunteered to go to jail in his place. - Wanting to be treated like a woman, Gong-ju invites Jong-du back to her apartment, where they make love. When her brother arrives on a surprise visit, chaos erupts. Jong-du is arrested and charged with raping a handicapped woman. Gong-ju's family and the police ignore Gong-ju who is too overcome with emotion and distress at the misunderstanding to make herself heard or understood. In a final burst of passion, Jong-du escapes from the police and rushes to Gong-ju's apartment. The couple reaffirms their love as Jong-du fulfills his promise of making the shadows disappear by climbing the tree and cutting the branches off. He then falls and is hauled off to prison, having committed several additional crimes in his trip to see Gong-ju whose exoneration can no longer fully protect him. In the last scene, Gong-ju is cleaning her apartment alone, while Jong-du's voice is heard reading a letter to her, promising to come back when he is released. -",2023-08-26 17:18:06 -Brazos water snake - Wikipedia," - The Brazos water snake (Nerodia harteri), also called commonly Harter's water snake, is a species of mostly aquatic, nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Texas in the United States. - N. harteri is found only in Central Texas in the Brazos River system.[2] - The preferred habitat of N. harteri is rocky areas along the Brazos River.[2] - Due to its limited range, N. harteri is considered to be a near-threatened species in Texas. - The specific name or epithet, harteri, is in honor of American amateur herpetologist Philip Harter, who collected the first specimen in Palo Pinto County in 1936.[3][4] - The Brazos water snake grows to a total length (including tail) of 16 to 32 inches (41–81 cm), and ranges in color from brown to olive green. It has two rows of spots that go down either side of its back, and has a pink or orange underside with dark spots down either side. -",2023-08-26 17:18:10 -Miracle of the roses - Wikipedia,"Within Catholicism, a miracle of the roses is a miracle in which roses manifest an activity of God or of a saint.[1] Such a miracle is presented in various hagiographies and legends in different forms,[2] and it occurs in connection with diverse individuals such as Saints Elizabeth of Hungary (1207–1231), Elizabeth of Portugal (1271–1336), Saint Dorothy, a 4th-century virgin martyr at Caesarea in Cappadocia (died ca. 311), and Our Lady of Guadalupe (appeared in 1531). - In the Latin West the symbolism of the rose is of Greco-Roman heritage but influenced by and finally transformed through Latin biblical and liturgical texts. In Greco-Roman culture the rose's symbolic qualities represented beauty, the season of spring, and love. It also spoke of the fleetness of life, and therefore of death. In Rome the feast called ""Rosalia"" was a feast of the dead: thus the flower referred to the next world.[3] - This symbolism attained a deeper complexity when contrasted with the rose's thorns. This contrast inspired the Christian Latin poet Coelius Sedulius, who wrote (between 430 and 450) a very elaborate comparison between Eve, our first mother, and Mary, the Mother of Jesus our Savior. He illustrated the parallelism already made by Justin Martyr (around 150) and developed it in a deep poetic and doctrinal liturgical teaching in his Easter song, Carmen paschal.[3] - The rose was a privileged symbol for Mary, Queen of heaven and earth. One of her titles in Catholic Marian devotion is Rosa Mystica or Mystic Rose. During the Middle Ages, the rose became an attribute of many other holy women, including Elizabeth of Hungary, Elizabeth of Portugal and Casilda of Toledo, and of martyrs in general. The rose is even a symbol for Christ himself, as seen in the German Christmas song, ""es ist ein 'Rose' entsprungen.""[3] - During the Middle Ages the rose was cultivated in monastery gardens and used for medicinal purposes. It became a symbol in religious writing and iconography in different images and settings, to invoke a variety of intellectual and emotional responses.[4] The mystic rose appears in Dante's Divine Comedy, where it represents God's love. By the twelfth century, the red rose had come to represent Christ's passion, and the blood of the martyrs.[5] - The most common association of the rose is with the Virgin Mary. The third-century Saint Ambrose believed that there were roses in the Garden of Eden, initially without thorns, but which became thorny after the fall, and came to symbolize Original Sin itself. Thus the Blessed Virgin is often referred to as the 'rose without thorns', since she was immaculately conceived. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux compared her virginity to a white rose and her charity to a red rose. With the rise of Marian devotion and the Gothic cathedral in the twelfth century, the image of the rose became even more prominent in religious life. Cathedrals built around this time usually include a rose window, dedicated to the Virgin, at the end of a transept or above the entrance. The thirteenth century Saint Dominic is credited with the institution of the Rosary, a series of prayers to the Virgin, symbolized by garlands of roses worn in Heaven.[4] - In Western Europe, the best-known version of a miracle of the roses concerns Saint Elizabeth of Hungary (also called Elisabeth of Thuringia), the daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary, who spent most of her life living with her in-laws in Germany (a ruling family of Thuringia), who kept court at Wartburg Castle.[6] - It has been suggested that the legend originated in a sermon given by Caesarius of Heisterbach in which he reflects on the occasion of the translation of the remains of Saint Elizabeth, in 1236. Caesarius speaks of a sweet aroma that emanates from the grave as soon as it is opened (a common theme in hagiography).[7] This metaphorical or actual aroma could have been translated into a physical event, the miracle of the roses.[6] -The first report of a miracle resembling that of the roses is by Franciscans in the mid-13th century. Their account is of spring flowers, and the event takes place in Hungary, at Elizabeth's home when she was five years old.[8] The miracle as we know it, with roses and in Germany, is first reported in 1332, in a Franciscan book of prayers,[6] though it has also been proposed that the miracle was ""translated"" from Elizabeth of Portugal to Elisabeth of Hungary in the 19th century.[9][10] - In its most characteristic form the legend goes as follows. One day the young but pious Elizabeth, in the company of one or more serving women, descends from Wartburg Castle down to the village of Eisenach, below the castle. She is carrying meat, eggs, and bread under her mantle. Supposedly she has taken items from the family dining table to distribute to the poor in the village, against the wishes of her family, who frown upon such behavior. Halfway down, she unexpectedly meets her husband Ludwig IV of Thuringia, who asks, upon seeing her bulk, what she is carrying. Embarrassed and speechless as she is, she does not know what to say. Ludwig opens her mantle, and to his surprise (in some versions this takes place in the dead of winter) finds her carrying a bouquet of roses.[8] - Very much the same story is told of Elizabeth of Portugal (1271–1336), a great-niece of Elizabeth of Hungary. Married to the profligate King Denis of Portugal, she, like her great-aunt, showed great devotion at an early age, and likewise was charitable toward the poor, against the wishes of her husband. Caught one day by her husband, while carrying bread in her apron, the food was turned into roses. Since this occurred in January, King Denis reportedly had no response and let his wife continue. The story is somewhat apocryphal; while it shows up in popular versions of the saint's life,[11][12] the account is missing from more authoritative sources such as the revised 1991 edition of Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints.[13] - Similar also is the legend of Casilda of Toledo (died c. 1050), a daughter of a Muslim king of Toledo, Spain during the rule of the Caliphate, who showed special kindness to Christian prisoners.[14][15] She would carry bread hidden in her clothes to feed these prisoners; one day, when caught, the bread was miraculously changed into roses.[16] In the famous painting of Saint Casilda by the 17th-century painter Francisco Zurbarán, roses are visible in the saint's lap; the miracle is also depicted in a painting by the 19th-century painter Jose Nogales. But while Saint Casilda supposedly died in the 11th century, predating the birth of both Elizabeth of Hungary and Elizabeth of Portugal, her hagiography was not written until three centuries after her death, and is likely influenced by the legend of one of these Elizabeths.[17] - Of the 15th-century Franciscan St. Didacus of Alcalá, also known as San Diego, the same miracle is told: as a lay brother of the Franciscans in Spain, he often took bread from the monastery's dining table to give to the poor. One day, leaving the convent with a cloak full of food, he was accused and challenged to open his cloak; miraculously, the loaves of bread had changed into roses.[18][19] - The story of Our Lady of Guadalupe is of an entirely different character, although here again the miraculous presence of the roses in the middle of winter is a sign of the presence of the divinity. The account is a corollary to a Marian apparition, Our Lady of Guadalupe, found in the 1556 booklet Huei tlamahuiçoltica, and supposedly taking place in 1531.[20] It concerns a native inhabitant of Mexico named Juan Diego, whom the Virgin chooses to convey a message to an unwilling bishop, that ""Here I will hear their weeping, their sorrow and will remedy and alleviate all their multiple sufferings, necessities and misfortunes."" The bishop however, does not believe Diego's story. He returns to his field, where again the Virgin appears to him, with the same message. Diego again goes to the bishop, with the same result, and the remark that he has to bring a token if he is to be believed. The fourth time the Virgin appears, she directs Diego toward ""varied Castilian flowers"" which he picks; she then places the flowers in his mantle.[21] (The identification of these flowers as Castilian roses or Damask roses, is a later addition.) This time the bishop is convinced, especially when an image of the Virgin miraculously appears on Diego's cloak.[22] - A miracle involving roses occurred to Saint Rita of Cascia. The winter before the end of her life, a cousin visited her and asked her if she desired anything from her old home at Roccaporena. Saint Rita responded by asking for a rose and a fig from the garden. It was January and her cousin did not expect to find anything due to the snowy weather. However, when her relative went to the house, a single blooming rose was found in the garden, as well as a fully ripened and edible fig. Her cousin brought the rose and fig back to Saint Rita at the convent, who thanked her and gave the rose to her sisters. - The rose is thought to represent God's love for Rita and Rita's ability to intercede on behalf of lost causes or impossible cases. Rita is often depicted holding roses or with roses nearby, and on her feast day, the churches and shrines of Saint Rita provide roses to the congregation that are blessed by priests during Mass. - On the occasion of the centenary of the canonization of Saint Rita of Cascia, Pope John Paul II stated that the worldwide devotion to Saint Rita is symbolized by the rose, and said: ""It is to be hoped that the life of everyone devoted to her will be like the rose picked in the garden of Roccaporena the winter before the saint's death. That is, let it be a life sustained by passionate love for the Lord Jesus; a life capable of responding to suffering and to thorns with forgiveness and the total gift of self, in order to spread everywhere the good odour of Christ (cf. 2 Cor 2:15) through a consistently lived proclamation of the Gospel."" He added that Saint Rita spiritually offers her rose to each of those he addressed as an exhortation to ""live as witnesses to a hope that never disappoints and as missionaries of a life that conquers death"".[23] -",2023-08-26 17:18:13 -List of New York Yankees managers - Wikipedia," -The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in New York City, New York in the borough of The Bronx. The New York Yankees are members of the American League (AL) East Division in Major League Baseball (MLB). The Yankees have won the World Series 27 times, more than any other MLB team.[1][2] In baseball, the head coach of a team is called the manager. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field.[3][4] Since starting to play as the Baltimore Orioles (no relationship to the current Baltimore Orioles team[5]) in 1901, the team has employed 35 managers.[6] The current manager is Aaron Boone, the current general manager is Brian Cashman and the current owner is Hal Steinbrenner, the son of George Steinbrenner, who first bought the Yankees in 1973.[7][8][9] - The franchise's first manager was Hall of Famer John McGraw, who managed the team for one year and part of a second before becoming manager of the New York Giants.[10] In 1903, the team moved from Baltimore to New York, where it was initially known as the New York Highlanders.[11] Its first manager in New York was Clark Griffith, who managed the team from 1903 to 1908.[6] Miller Huggins was the next manager to manage the team for more than three seasons. Huggins took over the managerial duties in 1918 and led the Yankees to six American League championships and three World Series titles until his death in 1929. Huggins won 1,067 regular season games with the Yankees, which ranks fourth all-time among Yankee managers.[6][12] - Several other managers spent long tenures with the Yankees. Joe McCarthy managed the Yankees from 1931 until midway through the 1946 season. During his tenure, the Yankees won eight American League titles and won the World Series seven times. He won 1,460 regular season games with the Yankees and lost 867, both more than any other Yankee manager.[6][13] Casey Stengel managed the team from 1949 until 1960, winning 10 American League championships, 7 World Series titles, and 1,149 games, which ranks third among Yankee managers.[14] After Stengel was discharged, Ralph Houk managed the Yankees from 1961 through 1963, winning American League titles each season, and winning the World Series twice. He served a second term as Yankee manager from 1966 through 1973.[15] - From 1974 until 1995, no Yankee managerial term lasted as long as three complete seasons.[6] Joe Torre managed the Yankees from 1996 through 2007 and the team made the playoffs each season. He also won six American League championships and four World Series titles. His 1,173 regular season wins are second all-time among Yankees managers. He also has the most playoff appearances, playoff wins and playoff losses of any Yankee manager. Torre was named American League Manager of the Year twice, in 1996 and 1998.[16] His predecessor, Buck Showalter, also was named Manager of the Year in 1994.[16] Torre left after the 2007 season and was replaced by Joe Girardi, who managed the Yankees from 2008 to 2017 winning one American League championship and one World Series title.[6][17][18] - Several managers have had multiple tenures with the Yankees. Billy Martin served five terms as Yankee manager.[19][20] Before his death in 1989, Martin was rumored to be in line for a sixth term if the Yankees started the 1990 season poorly.[21] Yogi Berra, Houk, Bob Lemon, Gene Michael, Lou Piniella and Dick Howser each served two terms as the Yankees' manager. Howser's first term lasted only a single game, as interim manager in 1978 between Martin's firing and Lemon's hiring.[22] Howser also managed a full season in 1980, leading the team to the playoffs, but was fired after the Yankees failed to advance to the World Series. Howser has the highest career winning percentage among all Yankee managers at .632.[6][22] - Yogi Berra served two terms as the Yankees' manager. - Joe Torre managed the Yankees to 12 playoff appearances, six American League championships, and four World Series titles. - Buck Showalter worked four years as Yankee manager. - Miller Huggins managed the Yankees to three World Series championships. - Joe McCarthy managed the Yankees to seven World Series championships. - Casey Stengel managed the Yankees to seven World Series championships. - Billy Martin served five terms as Yankee manager. - Joe Girardi managed the Yankees to 2009 World Series championships. - -",2023-08-26 17:18:17 -Armstrong Creek Growth Area - Wikipedia," - -The Armstrong Creek Growth Area is a southern extension to the urban growth boundary of the metropolitan area of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It comprises parts of the localities of Grovedale and Marshall south of the Warrnambool railway line, and parts of the localities of Mount Duneed and Connewarre from some distance to the north of Lower Duneed Road and generally to the west of Barwon Heads Road. - The area is named for Armstrong Creek (formerly Armstrong's Creek) which flows from west to east across it; the creek was named after Scottish settler John Armstrong whose property included the creek.[1] - The intention to expand Geelong's suburbs into the area was signalled first in the 1980s by the Geelong Regional Commission, and details for a possible development strategy were covered by Henshall, Hansen and Associates' ""Mount Duneed/Armstrong Creek Urban Development Study"", commissioned by the City of Greater Geelong in 1994[2] - The growth area came into being in June 2010 with State government approval of the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme Amendment.[3] The aim is for the development to have its physical and social infrastructure provided at an early stage, with an aim of building communities rather than just releasing land for development.[4] -Armstrong Creek has been promoted as a sustainable community, with a focus on walkability, public transport provision and sustainable water use; while the intention to have usable public transport operating within the development from the outset at was at first undermined by the revelation in August 2011 that bus services will not be provided when residents move into their homes.,[5] the Route 45 bus from the village Warralily shopping centre to Waurn Ponds shopping centre, connecting the area with Waurn Ponds railway station, opened in October 2019[6] to augment the Route 50 and 51 bus routes which run to Torquay to the south, and Marshall Railway Station and central Geelong to the north along the Surf Coast Highway. - Land sales commenced in late 2010, though no new suburbs had by then been gazetted. The names Warralily, Harriott (in the east) and Armstrong Village (in the west) are in use by developers. - On 1 March 2012 Armstrong Creek and Charlemont officially became suburbs of Geelong. - As of July 2019, the population of the urban growth area Armstrong Creek was around 15,000.[7] -  WikiMiniAtlas38°14′15″S 144°20′41″E / 38.2376°S 144.3446°E / -38.2376; 144.3446 - - This article about a location in Barwon South West (region) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:18:20 -John Bainbridge (astronomer) - Wikipedia," -John Bainbridge (1582 – 3 November 1643) was an English astronomer and mathematician. - Bainbridge was born at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in Leicestershire to Robert and Anne (née Everard) Bainbridge.[1] - He attended the Free Grammar School in Ashby-de-la-Zouch and then became a student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.[2] He returned to Ashby where he practiced as a physician for some years, kept a school and studied astronomy. Having been removed to London, he was admitted (6 November 1618) a licentiate of the college of physicians, and was noticed due to a publication concerning the comet of 1618. - In 1618, he became a member of the Puritan group of scholars known as the Gresham Circle. In 1619, Sir Henry Savile (Bible translator) (1549–1622) elected him as the first Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford University.[3] Bainbridge was incorporated of Merton College and became, in 1631 and 1635 respectively, junior and senior reader of Linacre's lectures. - Bainbridge was a puritan.[4] - He died at Oxford on 3 November 1643. He was a friend of Christopher Heydon, the writer on astrology; and also of John Greaves, his successor to both the Savilian chair and Linacre's lectures.[5] - He wrote An Astronomical Description of the late Comet (1619); Canicularia (1648); and translated Proclus' De Sphaera, and Ptolemy's De Planetarum Hypothesibus (1620). Several manuscript works by him exist in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:18:24 -Toreby - Wikipedia," - Toreby is a village in Guldborgsund Municipality on the Danish island of Lolland. It is located 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Nykøbing Falster and 11 km (6.8 mi) east of Sakskøbing. It had a population of 623 as of 1 January 2023.[1] The main road through the town is known as Torebyvej.[2] - Spelt ""Thoræby"" in 1231, the name is derived from the man's name Thôri (Thor) and ""by"" which means both village, town and city in Danish.[3] - Toreby Church is an unusually large red-brick Romanesque building whose nave and chancel were extended in the Gothic period with a sacristy and lateral aisles. The tower is late Romanesque. There are frescos from c. 1400 in the sacristy. The carved pulpit (1645) is the work of Jørgen Ringnis.[4] The 16th century writer, Hans Jørgensen Sadolin, was a priest in Toreby;[5] he was promoted to rural dean in Musse Herred.[6] Also mentioned is Bishop Ricolf of Odense who was the recipient of property near Toreby,[7] while guest preachers have included the Sudanese priest, Ezra Jangare.[8] - Fuglsang Manor and the recently built Fuglsang Art Museum (Fuglsang Kunstmuseum) adjacent to it are located in Toreby Parish, approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the village.[9] The manor house, which replaced a medieval house, was built in 1859 in 30 acres of scenic parkland on the coast by Viggo de Neergaard, an estate owner. His cousin, J. G. Zinn, was the architect. Neergaard married Bodil Hartmann, daughter of the composer, organist and conductor Emil Hartmann and granddaughter of the composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann. The couple were instrumental in nurturing musical and artistic traditions at Fuglsang. In 1947, the estate was converted into a trust. The manor house, which is now used as a cultural center, is the venue for concerts and other cultural activities that are held in the large music hall, and the Storstrøm Chamber Ensemble, which was established in 1991, is based at the house.[10][11] The Fuglsang Art Museum, designed by British architect Tony Fretton, was opened as a museum in January 2008.[11] -",2023-08-26 17:18:28 -Vasilashki Lakes - Wikipedia,"The Vasilashki Lakes (Bulgarian: Василашки езера) are situated in Pirin, Bulgaria in a large cirque between the Todorka and Vasilashki Chukar peaks. The cirque is opened to the east, where it faces the Demyanitsa river in which the water of the lakes pour. This cirque also includes the two lakes Todorini Ochi (Todora's Eyes), whose waters goes to one of the Vasilaski lakes. The cirque is amphitheatric and in fact consists of several smaller cirques situated in a fan-shape way above the main one, in which the two largest lakes are located. The lakes are 10 including the two Todorini, with a total surface area of 160 decares. Their name derives from the legent for Vasil, the beloved one of Todorka, who plunged into the Fish Vasilashko lake when she broke his heart. The most important lakes are: -",2023-08-26 17:18:32 -Sachse Rocks - Wikipedia,"Sachse Rocks ( WikiMiniAtlas54°24′S 3°25′E / 54.400°S 3.417°E / -54.400; 3.417) is a group of submerged rocks which lie close to the northern coast of the island of Bouvetoya and approximately 0.2 miles (0.3 km) southeast of Cape Valdivia. The rocks were charted and named by the Norwegian expedition, 1927–28, under Captain Harald Horntvedt. Named for Walter Sachse, a navigation officer on the German vessel SS Valdivia who in 1898 accurately fixed the position of the island for the first time.[1][2] -  This article incorporates public domain material from ""Sachse Rocks"". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.  - - This Bouvet Island location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:18:35 -Adam Tedder - Wikipedia," - Adam Tedder is a British actor, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist musician, working in stage, film, television and radio. - Tedder was born in Beeston, Nottinghamshire.[citation needed] He attended Bramcote Hills Grammar school, and Guildford School of Acting.[citation needed] - He is best known for playing Laszlo Vig, the psychotic Serbian war criminal goalkeeper, in Mike Bassett: Manager for ITV1.[1] His debut double A side single, ""It’ll Be Soon"" and ""Eastern Girls"" received much critical acclaim.[2][3][4][5][6][7] His inspired live performances have been compared to that of a grandiose Jeff Buckley.[8] -His portrayal of The Big Bopper in the West End and Broadway hit Buddy – The Buddy Holly Story was described by musical director Paul Dury as the best he'd seen internationally.[9] - He most recently filmed Oranges and Sunshine with Emily Watson and Hugo Weaving,[10] and Closed Circuit with Eric Bana and Rebecca Hall.[11] - His other stage credits include Blood Brothers at the Phoenix Theatre,[12][13] seasons at the Chichester Festival Theatre[14] and The Royal Shakespeare Company[15] and international tours of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat[16] and South Pacific.[17] - Amongst other roles, he played Inspector Keightley in The IPCRESS File on BBC Radio 4, adapted by Mike Walker.[18][19] - - This article about a British actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:18:39 -Corwin (surname) - Wikipedia,"Corwin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:18:42 -"Seehausen, Leipzig - Wikipedia"," WikiMiniAtlas51°24′N 12°25′E / 51.400°N 12.417°E / 51.400; 12.417 Seehausen is a northern district of Leipzig in Germany. In its district lies the new fairgrounds for the city. Including its villages and hamlets, Seehausen has 1967 residents (1997). The district includes the village with the land on which the new Leipzig fairgrounds and exhibition grounds are located (known as Sachsenpark), and the hamlets of Göbschelwitz, Hohenheida, Gottscheina and Neblitz. - The village was probably settled around 1150. In 1359 the village first appears in documents as Sehusen, and around this time, the farmers of the village declared their obligations to the city of Leipzig. In 1438, Frederick II, Elector of Saxony appointed Conrad Bruser as liege lord for Seehausen. In 1551  22 farmers owned land, and lived in the village; village residents also included nine men who owned no land. By 1580, the residents had built a school. In 1631, during the Thirty Years War, Seehausen was the site of a major battle, the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). In 1791, many of the properties in Seehausen were destroyed in a fire. - The Duchy of Saxony underwent The Reformation in 1539 and Seehausen became Protestant. The first church was built in the 13th century, in the romanesque Choir tower. In 1560, the parish property, with all its buildings, acres and garden was sold for 150  guilder to the farmer George Dyme. The church was further renovated in 1663 for 174 Thalers. Around the 15th century, the church was renovated, by increasing the height of the tiny Romanesque windows in the Gothic style. The church also received a new altar. In 1770, the church underwent another renovation, particularly in the interior, and the coat of arms of the lordship was installed on the altar at the dedication. In 1764, the village had 29 residents who owned property, and 9 residents without property. In 1788, the residents endowed the church with an organ.[1] - Seehausen lies on a plain of approximately 18 km2. Several streams run through the plain, primarily the Parthe, which originates in Elster and runs to the Elbe. - Seehausen is bordered in the north on Zschölkau, Krostitz und Mutschlena, in the east on Liemehna, Pönitz and Merkwitz, and Plaußig, Thekla and Mockau, and in the south and west on Wiederitzsch and Podelwitz. - In the center of Seehausen is the little church and a volunteer fire department. There is also an elementary school that is used also as a day-care center and a gymnasium. The area is also widely known in Leipzig for its golf course. -",2023-08-26 17:18:46 -Gangavalli - Wikipedia," - Gangavalli is a panchayat town in Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. - Gangavalli is probably named after the holy name ""ganga"" (river swetha) and the flowering plant ""valli"", which spread over the river flowing across Gangavalli. In the past 18th and 19th centuries it was ruled by Zamindars, the last of whom was reportedly ""Chidambara Mudaliyar"" who ruled Gangavalli from 1890 until 1920.[citation needed] - As of 2011[update] India census,[1] Gangavalli had a population of 12,015. Males 5,907 and females 6,108. Gangavalli has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 51%. In Gangavalli, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. - Agriculture is main business. Other businesses include automobile, textiles, and milk products. - Sugarcane, paddy, turmeric, maize and cotton are the main crops cultivated in Gangavalli. It is also noted for tapioca (cassava roots), and there are several tapioca-based industries near Attur which manufacture products such as ""javvarisi"" (sago) for markets all over India. - The city is part of the Gangavalli (state assembly constituency). A. Nallathambi is the MLA from ADMK party elected in 2021.[2][3] - Gangavalli is located at  WikiMiniAtlas11°29′N 78°39′E / 11.48°N 78.65°E / 11.48; 78.65.[4] It has an average elevation of 292 metres (958 feet). -",2023-08-26 17:18:49 -Arborea - Wikipedia,"Arborea is a town and comune in the province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy, whose economy is largely based on agriculture and cattle breeding with production of vegetables, rice, fruit and milk (notably the local milk product Arborea). - Arborea was built by the fascist government of Italy in the 1920s, after the draining of the marshes which covered the area. The village was populated by families, mostly composed of peasants, who came from the regions of Veneto and Friuli in north-eastern Italy. - Arborea is named for and lies within the medieval Giudicato of Arborea, which had its capital, at various periods, in nearby Tharros and Oristano. The town was originally named Villaggio Mussolini (with which it was inaugurated on October 29, 1928), by the fascist government in honor of the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. Less than two years later, the name was revised to Mussolinia di Sardegna (""Mussolinia of Sardinia"", to distinguish the town from Mussolinia di Sicilia, now Santo Pietro in the commune of Caltagirone, Province of Catania).[3] The current name was adopted after World War II. - Media related to Arborea at Wikimedia Commons - - - This Sardinia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:18:53 -Nebria femoralis - Wikipedia," - Nebria femoralis is a species in the beetle family Carabidae. It is found in Northwest Russia and Romania.[1][2][3] - These two subspecies belong to the species Nebria femoralis: - - This Nebriinae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:18:56 -Chappell Roan - Wikipedia," - Kayleigh Rose Amstutz, known professionally as Chappell Roan (born February 19, 1998) is an American singer and songwriter. A pop music artist, she writes most of her own songs and has described her style as ""dark pop with ballad undertones."" - When she was 17 years old, Roan uploaded a song titled ""Die Young"" to YouTube, leading Atlantic Records to sign her to the label. In summer 2020, she released a song titled ""Pink Pony Club"", which was later described as ""the Song of Summer 2021"" in Vulture. Her debut album The Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess will be released on September 22, 2023 through Island Records, Amusement Records, and KRA International.[1] - Chappell Roan was born Kayleigh Rose Amstutz in Willard, Missouri.[2] She took the stage name Chappell Roan in honor of her grandfather, Dennis K. Chappell, who died of brain cancer in 2016; his favorite song was ""The Strawberry Roan"".[3][4] She has expressed dislike for her real name.[4] - When she was 10 or 11, she began playing the piano.[5] At 14 or 15 years old, she began uploading covers of songs to YouTube, drawing attention from various record labels.[6] When she entered her teen years she began songwriting.[5] When she was 17 years old, she uploaded an original song titled ""Die Young"" to YouTube.[2][7] She subsequently traveled to New York for several musical showcases, which led to her signing with music label, Atlantic Records.[8] Roan later described missing many childhood experiences in the ""messy"" beginning of her music career, including prom and her high school graduation.[3] - Roan lived with her parents in Missouri through 2017, flying with them to Los Angeles or New York when necessary. In 2018 she moved to Los Angeles, where she was able to live openly as a queer woman for the first time.[3] - On August 3, 2017, Roan released her first single, titled ""Good Hurt"". The song was reviewed favorably in Interview, in which an article praised her ""striking maturity and surprisingly deep vocals.""[9][7] On September 22, 2017, she released an EP titled School Nights through Atlantic Records.[8] Also in 2017, she went on her first concert tour, the Lay It On Me Tour headlined by Vance Joy.[10] - In 2018, Roan moved to Los Angeles from Springfield, Missouri.[2][11] She later described feeling ""overwhelmed with complete love and acceptance"" after the move, stating that it allowed her to begin ""writing songs as the real me.""[12] From January to March 2018, she toured the United States with Declan McKenna.[6] - Roan began working with Dan Nigro in early 2020.[13] In April 2020, Roan released “Pink Pony Club”. The single was produced by Dan Nigro, and its music video was directed by Griffin Stoddard.[2][11] A year after its release, Vulture described ""Pink Pony Club"" as ""the Song of Summer 2021"", calling it a ""synthy infectious bangarang"".[2] The song tells the story of a girl who leaves the small town where she lives to become a stripper in West Hollywood.[2] Roan has cited a visit to The Abbey, a gay bar in West Hollywood, as the inspiration for it.[11][12] She told Cherwell that the song was about her desire to become a go-go dancer in Los Angeles, stating, ""truthfully, I'm not confident enough to do that, so I wrote a song about it"".[4] - USA Today ranked the song third on a list of the ""10 best songs of 2020"", directly above ""WAP"" and below ""Levitating""; an accompanying description characterized it as dance-pop that ""earnestly [celebrates] queer culture, acceptance and chasing your dreams.""[14] By August 2022[update], the song had been streamed more than 10 million times on Spotify.[4] - ""Pink Pony Club"" was not profitable enough for Atlantic, who dropped Roan from the label in 2020. Her partner of four years broke up with her the same week, and she spent the next two years working as a production assistant as well as a barista and nanny to support herself. In early 2021, the success of Olivia Rodrigo's song ""Drivers License"" shifted Dan Nigro's focus away from Roan as he worked on Sour with Rodrigo; Roan was unable to find a collaborator who she liked as much.[3] - In March 2022, Roan released a single titled ""Naked in Manhattan"". The song was her first release in two years, and her first as an independent artist. It was described by NPR as a ""queer girl bop"" with lyrics that are ""tender, nostalgic"" and ""flirty yet uncertain"".[15] Roan also was selected to open for Olivia Rodrigo at select performances of Rodrigo's ""Sour Tour"",[3][16][17] and for Fletcher on her ""Girl of My Dreams Tour"".[17] - In August 2022, she released a second independent single, ""Femininomenon"". Earmilk described the song as ""so fun and loud but so intricate"" and noted that it was different from Roan's past releases.[18] Roan stated that the song, which was produced by Dan Nigro, was an attempt to ""get away with being as ridiculous as I possibly can"".[18] An accompanying self-directed music video featured Roan riding a dirt bike.[18] - Roan released another single, ""Casual,"" in 2022 after beginning work on it with Dan Nigro in 2020. The song, which has lyrics dissing a romantic partner who refuses to commit, was inspired by a brief relationship Roan had during the pandemic that ended with her partner saying they had met someone else. Morgan St. Jean additionally worked on the song, which has a sad sound inspired by Mazzy Star and Radiohead.[3] - In 2023, Roan kicked off a ""Naked In North America Tour"". She shared a theme with fans for each stop on the tour, suggesting outfits and providing makeup tutorials on social media,[17] while making her own camp outfits herself.[3] Concerts from the tour received positive reviews in The Harvard Crimson[17] and Variety, with Jem Aswad describing it as a concert where ""you recognize when a new-ish artist's career is about to blast off"" similar to Billie Eilish in 2019 or Lorde in 2013 and characterizing Roan as a superstar.[13] Roan additionally signed to Island Records under Dan Nigro's imprint Amusement Records and KRA International.[13][19][20][21] - According to Rolling Stone, Roan's full-length debut album is set to be released in early 2023.[3] On May 17, she released a single from the album titled ""Red Wine Supernova"" with an accompanying music video. She is also slated for a second headlining tour of North America, titled the ""Midwest Princess"" tour and slated to begin in September. Some of the proceeds from the tour will be donated to the nonprofit For The Gworls.[22] A Glamour interview revealed that her debut album is expected to be released in fall 2023.[23] - Chappell Roan writes most of her songs by herself, but has co-written some with other songwriters.[9] After the release of her debut single ""Good Hurt"", her style was described in Interview as ""pop sound [...] infused with a dark and unsettling tone that underscores her intense, somber lyrics"".[7] In 2018, she described her musical style as a mix of organic and electronic sounds, with a pop tone,[6] and as ""dark pop with ballad undertones.""[5] In her songs written while she was a teenager, according to Atwood Magazine, she ""brought the hardship and turbulence of our teenaged years to life with a candidness and vividness seldom seen from her peers.""[24] - Roan has cited inspirations including the artist Abbey Watkins, the film The Beguiled, and musical artists alt-J,[7] Stevie Nicks, Lorde, and Lana Del Rey.[10] A 2017 review of her debut EP in PopCrush compared her sound to the latter two artists.[25] She has also stated that the song ""Stay"" by Rihanna was what inspired her to begin writing music.[5] - In 2023, a Variety article described Roan as ""glammy and pop and embracing her femininity and shared Gen-Z generational experiences, and also very queer-positive"".[13] -",2023-08-26 17:19:00 -Frederick Sprott - Wikipedia," - Sir Frederick Laurence Sprott (10 July 1863 — 24 March 1943) was an English first-class cricketer and engineer. - The son of James Sprott, he was born at Shrewsbury in July 1863.[1] He was educated at Shrewsbury School, from where he attended the Royal Indian Engineering College.[2] From there, he went to British India where he joined the Public Works Department in 1884, being appointed an assistant engineer in 1885 and executive engineer in 1897.[3] Sprott was principal and professor of engineering at the College of Science in Poona from 1899 to 1903. Appointed a superintendent engineer in 1904, he served on the Indus River Commission from 1904 to 1908 and following his time with the commission he was a sanitary engineer for the Government of Bombay. Sprott was appointed deputy chairman of the Bombay Port Trust in 1909 and became chairman the following year, an appointment which lasted until 1918.[3] He was Knighted by George V in June 1914.[4] - Beginning in August 1892, he forged a successful career in first-class cricket in India, making 25 appearances up to 1914. 24 of these came for the Europeans cricket team in the Bombay Presidency Matches, with a further appearance coming in 1902 for Bombay against the touring Oxford University Authentics cricket team.[5] Playing as a wicket-keeper, took 19 catches and made 13 stumpings in his 25 first-class matches. As a batsman, he scored 450 runs at an average of 13.63; he made one half century, a score of 68.[6] - Sprott moved to Kenya Colony in 1919, where he bought a small property called Cooper's Hill. He was an elected member of the Legislative Council of Kenya and sat on the Kenya Land Settlement Advisory Board.[3] Sprott died in England in March 1943 at Roydon, Norfolk.[7] He was survived by his wife, Amy Graham Dame, whom he had married in 1888.[3] They had two sons, one of whom died in the First World War during the Mesopotamian campaign.[8] -",2023-08-26 17:19:03 -Jocara suiferens - Wikipedia," - Jocara suiferens is a species of snout moth in the genus Jocara.[1] It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1913, and is known from Peru.[2] - - This Jocara-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:19:07 -Priyanka Bora (volleyball) - Wikipedia," - Asian games - 2010, -Indian Team Captain - 2010, -Shiv Chatrapati Awardee - 2018, -2 SAF games Gold medalist, -13 Gold in Senior Nationals, 2 Silver, 1 Bronze medal. -1 Gold in Sub Junior, -1 Silver and Bronze in Junior Nationals, -1 Bronze in School Nationals, - Priyanka Bora (born (1985-01-07)7 January 1985 in Maharashtra, India is an Indian female volleyball player. She was part of the India women's national volleyball team. - She participated at the 2010 Asian Games.[1] On club level she played for Indian Railways in 2010.[2] - - This biographical article relating to volleyball in India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:19:10 -Charles Evans Hughes House - Wikipedia,"Charles Evans Hughes House is a historic house at 2223 R Street, NW in the Sheridan-Kalorama neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Built in 1907, it was from 1930 to 1948 the home of Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948), a prominent Republican politician and from 1930 to 1941 the Chief Justice of the United States. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972[2][3] and is a contributing property to the Sheridan-Kalorama Historic District. It presently serves as the official residence of the Ambassador of Myanmar to the United States. - The Charles Evans Hughes House is located in Washington's Embassy Row area. It is on the north side of R Street, between Sheridan Circle and 22nd Street. It is one of two stone row houses that are 3+1⁄2 stories in height, and modeled on an Italian palazzo. The ground floor is unpainted, with a flared glass-and-iron hood sheltering the central main entrance. A secondary entrance is in the rightmost bay. Second-floor windows are tall, and set in rounded arch openings, with shallow iron balconies. The third floor windows are rectangular, with bracketed stone window boxes.[3] - The house was built in 1907 to a design by George Oakley Totten Jr. Its early uses were as either a diplomatic residence or embassy, including by the missions of Peru and Chile. In 1930 it was purchased by Charles Evans Hughes, recently appointed as Chief Justice of the United States. Hughes was a leader in the Progressive Era of the early 20th century and 1916 presidential candidate. He held office as Associate Justice from 1910 to 1916, during which period he was a prominent dissenting voice on a conservative court. He held multiple executive positions under several Presidents before being appointed Chief Justice in 1930 by President Herbert Hoover. He lived in this house from 1930 until his death in 1948.[3] - In 1972, the building was purchased by the Union of Burma, now Myanmar.[3] It currently serves as the residence of the Burmese ambassador. -",2023-08-26 17:19:13 -James Harmon Brown and Barbara Esensten - Wikipedia,"James Harmon Brown and Barbara Esensten are American television writers, primarily working on soap operas. The duo worked together for over 20 years, starting on the prime-time serial Dynasty. Together, they created the soap opera The City, a spinoff of Loving. On November 14, 2012, Esensten died at the age of 75.[1] - Brown and Esensten tended to drift towards supernatural and science fiction elements in the shows they were hired for. When the two wrote for Guiding Light during the later part of the 1990s, the show's primary heroine, Reva Shayne, was cloned, and when the duo would later write for Port Charles, vampires were introduced, along with other supernatural creatures. - Because of the 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike, Brown and Esensten went financial core within the guild, allowing them to write for All My Children because of financial strains brought on by the strike. Megan McTavish, the writer they replaced at All My Children, was displeased. ""These are not youngsters struggling to make mortgage payments or feed their children. Their sole intent now seems to be piling up more money for themselves,"" she said.[2] - Barbara Esensten (née Sills) was born in Los Angeles, California to Rose Fischer and Max Edward Sills. She had an older sister, Phyllis, and a younger brother, Stanley. The family lived in a middle-class neighborhood (now part of Watts, California). Barbara and Stanley attended Woodcrest elementary school, Bret Hart Junior High School, and Washington High School, all of which are in Southern Los Angeles. Barbara graduated with a bachelor's degree in Political Science from UCLA. Most of her adult life, Barbara and her husband Jack, lived in the affluent Palos Verdes, south of Los Angeles. Barbara was an accomplished pianist, an avid reader, and very much loved her family. - Dynasty - All My Children - Days of Our Lives - One Life to Live - Port Charles - Guiding Light - Loving - The City - The Young and the Restless - Daytime Emmy Awards - WINS - NOMINATIONS - Writers Guild of America Award - NOMINATIONS -",2023-08-26 17:19:17 -2019–20 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season - Wikipedia," - The 2019–20 season was Bolton Wanderers' first season back in League One following their relegation last season from the Championship. Along with the league the club also participated in the FA Cup, EFL Cup, and the EFL Trophy. The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020. - Throughout the 2018–19 Championship season Bolton faced financial difficulties. After the collapse of the permanent signing of on-loan striker Christian Doidge, Forest Green Rovers commenced legal action over lost earnings.[3] In February 2019, Bolton were issued a winding-up petition by HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) which was subsequently adjourned, first until April, and then again until the end of the season as their search for a new owner continued.[4][5] Due to the financial difficulties, the training ground temporarily closed in March 2019,[6] and games against Ipswich, Middlesbrough and Aston Villa were threatened with postponement or being played behind closed doors as the local council Safety Advisory Group (SAG) threatened to revoke the stadium safety certificate.[7] The Bolton Whites Hotel, owned by Ken Anderson, was also issued with a winding-up petition in March 2019[8] (it closed on 1 May and went into administration on 14 May).[9] The team was relegated to League One in April after a 23rd-place finish.[10] In a further development on 26 April, the home match against Brentford was called off by the English Football League 16 hours before kick off after Bolton's players, supported by the Professional Footballers' Association, refused to play until they had received their unpaid wages.[11] On 3 May the match against Brentford was cancelled by the EFL and a 1–0 result and three points awarded to Brentford.[12] - In May the club went into administration due to a £1.2m unpaid tax bill.[13] Fildraw (former owner Eddie Davies' trust fund) appointed administrators from insolvency firm David Rubin and Partners.[14] In accordance with league rules on administration, Bolton would start the 2019–20 season with a 12-point deduction.[14] On 14 May it was reported that some non-playing staff were forced to use food bank donations from local businesses and a local Championship club, believed to be Preston North End,[15] as Bolton had not paid them for April's work.[16] A 17 July statement from the Bolton players said that no-one at the club had been paid by owner Ken Anderson for 20 weeks, the training ground had no potable drinking water nor hot water for showers. Pre-season friendlies with Chester,[17] Preston[18] and Oldham Athletic were all cancelled as Bolton could not give assurances about fielding a competitive team.[19] - On 18 July, Anderson said the sale of Bolton would be completed by the end of the week,[20] but the uncertainty continued into August. Bolton started their opening League One game on 3 August at Wycombe Wanderers with only three contracted senior outfield players, and lost 2–0.[21] The following week, on 8 August, Bolton's takeover by Football Ventures was suspended after Laurence Bassini, who had previously tried to buy the club, won a court order blocking the sale;[22] the sale of the Bolton Whites hotel was also delayed by a dispute.[23] On 10 August, Bolton fielded its youngest ever side, with an average age of 19, in a goalless home draw against Coventry City,[24] but then conceded five goals in both of the next two games, against Rochdale in the EFL Cup (5-2)[25] and Tranmere Rovers in League One (5-0).[26] Manager Phil Parkinson expressed concern about the welfare of the youth players used in all of Bolton's games;[27] such concerns led Bolton to call off the game against Doncaster Rovers on 20 August[28][29] but without informing either Doncaster or the EFL.[28] Parkinson and assistant Steve Parkin resigned the following day.[30] The club confirmed that academy manager Jimmy Phillips would take temporary charge of the club.[31] Wanderers lost 5–0 at home to Ipswich Town in Phillips' first game in charge of Bolton, in front of a record low crowd at the University of Bolton Stadium.[32] - An EFL deadline of 5PM BST on 27 August had been imposed on Bolton to prove their financial viability under current ownership or complete a takeover deal, with failure to satisfy this criteria by the deadline resulting in Bolton's EFL membership being revoked, and consequently the beginning of a liquidation process of the club and its assets.[33][34] However, on 26 August, joint administrator Paul Appleton announced that the Football Ventures takeover had fallen through on the morning of 24 August, having looked close to completion the previous day.[35][36] After Bolton failed to meet 27 August deadline, the suspension of its notice of withdrawal from the EFL was lifted; however, the club was not immediately expelled from the EFL - it was given until 12 September 2019 to meet all outstanding requirements of the League's insolvency policy.[37] - On 28 August, Bolton announced that the club's sale to Football Ventures (Whites) Limited had been completed, with the administrator paying tribute to the Eddie Davies Trust and their legal team, and criticising Anderson who had ""used his position as a secured creditor to hamper and frustrate any deal that did not benefit him or suit his purposes.""[38] On 31 August, shortly after Bolton lost a fourth consecutive game conceding five goals in each, Keith Hill was announced as the new club manager.[39] Bolton's first game under Hill saw the club lose 6–1 to Rotherham United,[40] before picking up their first point under Hill on 17 September 2019 in a 0–0 draw at home to Oxford United.[41] Bolton won their first game of the season on 22 October 2019 in a 2–0 win away at Bristol Rovers,[42] before winning a further three consecutive matches in all competitions, taking the club to a positive points total for the first time.[43] - Bolton struggled to find form throughout the 2019-20 campaign, winning just 5 of their 34 matches up to 10 March. The EFL League One season was suspended on 13 March due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. On 9 June, the season was ended with promotion, play off, and relegation positions determined on a points-per-game basis. - This condemned the club to relegation and Bolton Wanderers will compete in the 2020-21 League Two campaign. - This will be only the second time in the club's 146-year history that they have played football in England's fourth tier. The previous occasion came in the 1987-88 campaign, in which Bolton were promoted back to the third tier at the first attempt. - Like the season before against St Mirren, the Bolton first team refused to play the match against Chester due to unpaid wages.[44] They also refused to play in the Preston game as well.[45] Following this, Oldham Athletic cancelled a third game as Bolton could not give assurances about fielding a competitive team.[19] Bolton were able to schedule last minute replacements matches against Bradford City[46] and Salford City,[47] though the matches had to be played behind closed doors. - Bolton Wanderers will begin the 2019–20 campaign with a 12-point deduction complying with league rules for entering into administration.[50] - Last updated: 10 March 2020. -Source: BBC - On 20 June 2019, the League One fixtures for the forthcoming season were announced.[55][56] Bolton begin their league campaign at Wycombe Wanderers, the first time the clubs have ever met in the league,[57] on 3 August and were due to finish it away at Oxford United on 3 May. However this fixture, like all fixtures beginning with the home fixture against Peterborough United on 14 March, was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. - The first round draw was made on 21 October 2019 and Bolton were given a home tie against League Two side Plymouth Argyle.[67] A first half goal from Callum McFadzean was enough to see the away side through and knock Bolton out of the competition at the first round stage for the first time in 30 years.[68] It was also the first time in the club's existence that they had been knocked out of both senior domestic cup competitions at the first round stage. - On 20 June 2019, the draw for the first round was made in London and Bolton were drawn away at North-West rivals Rochdale.[69] The subsequent 5–2 defeat was the club's second first round defeat in a row and their fourth in five years. - On 9 July 2019, the pre-determined group stage draw was announced with invited clubs to be drawn on 12 July 2019.[70] The draw for the second round was made on 16 November 2019 live on Sky Sports.[71] - - - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. -",2023-08-26 17:19:23 -Shaggy Flores - Wikipedia,"Jaime ""Shaggy"" Flores (born 1973) is a Nuyorican poet, writer and African Diaspora scholar who forms part of the Nuyorical literary movement. - Shaggy Flores, was born and raised in Spanish Harlem, New York City, as well as in Puerto Rico and Springfield, Massachusetts. He received his primary and secondary education in Puerto Rico and Massachusetts. As a child, growing up in Robinson Gardens Housing Projects, he was heavily exposed to the work of the early Nuyorican poets, his mother being a poet herself. Later in junior high and high school, he showed a proficiency for writing and for creating short stories that depicted the Puerto Rican experience. He graduated from the High School of Commerce and eventually met a recruiter for the University of Massachusetts Amherst (BCP Program) who helped him continue his studies. - During the early nineties, he was heavily involved with student politics at the University of Massachusetts, resurrecting old student organizations and creating new ones in the process. It was during this period that his work as a Nuyorican poet became known and he began to find elder Nuyorican poets who could serve as mentors. - He completed his education at the University of Massachusetts with a degree in the African Diaspora. He also, along with student organizers from La Causa of Amherst College, created the annual Voices for the Voiceless poetry concert, which takes place every December at Amherst College. Voices are one of the largest Diaspora poetry concerts in the Northeast, bringing nationally established ALANA and LGBTQ writers to the five-college community for one night of poetry. It was at this event that he established the Louis Reyes Rivera lifetime achievement award to honor legendary artists. - Shaggy Flores made his early poetry debut by performing his work at the first North East Latino Student Conference at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, in the early nineties then later for a series of events produced by the Puerto Rican Student organization. He was a member of the Umass poetry society and traveled frequently to New York to perform at events such as the annual Muévete Conference held at Hostos Community College and later at the National Poetry Slam held in Providence, RI. - Early readings would include performances at the Nuyorican Poets Café, Columbia University, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, Springfield College, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and for a poetry troupe created by Louis Reyes Rivera and Felipe Luciano call the Wordquestra in New York City. He would later get to meet and perform with many of the early Nuyorican writers who inspired him to become a writer. - His poems and interview have been published in journals, books, websites, and anthologies. - Flores lecturing - Voices for the Voiceless Photo - Shaggy Flores and Victor Hernández Cruz - Poster from the Ninth Annual Voices concert - Flores is the author of Sancocho - A Book of Nuyorican Poetry, and can be found in the anthologies Role Call and Bum Rush the Page: A Def Poetry Jam, both edited by Tony Medina (the latter co-edited with Louis Reyes Rivera). He is one of the founders of the annual Voices for the Voiceless Poetry Concert which occurs in the five college UMass Amherst area. - He was a member of the 2000 National Hartford Slam team and competed in the 2001 Nationals as an independent competitor representing Springfield, MA. Shaggums also performed at the National Poetry Slam 2001 Latino showcase and in the NPS African American Showcase in Seattle, Washington. Flores was also one of the first Latino poets along with raúlrsalinas to feature at the Austin International Poetry Festival. - Flores is also the founder of Dark Souls Press and Aristotle's Playground, a web and print design firm. - Shaggy Flores resides in the Mid-Atlantic area where he is at work on various national writing campaigns and is completing a Masters in History Degree. He is an active and member of Iota Phi Theta fraternity and lectures around the country on issues pertaining to the African Diaspora. Shaggy is also completing his next book of poetry, Obatala's Bugalu: A Nuyorican Book of Sights and Sounds, to be released in the summer of 2008. -",2023-08-26 17:19:26 -Sphegina thoraciaca - Wikipedia," - Sphegina thoraciaca is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.[2] - Japan. - This hoverfly article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:19:29 -Monochroa gilvolinella - Wikipedia," - Monochroa gilvolinella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1863. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, New Hampshire and Pennsylvania.[1][2] - The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are pale yellowish, dusted with dark fuscous, especially towards the tip and along the costa from the middle to the tip. Near the tip is an oblique, pale yellowish line from the costa, extended to a spot of the same hue beneath the tip. Behind this line in the middle of the wing is a blackish-brown dot. Between the costal end of the line and the tip of the wing are two or three small pale yellowish costal dots, and a few on the margin beneath the tip, sometimes indistinct. The hindwings are fuscous.[3] - - This article on a moth of the genus Monochroa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:19:33 -2022 New England Revolution season - Wikipedia," - The 2022 New England Revolution season was the club's 27th season of existence, and their 27th consecutive season playing in Major League Soccer, the top flight of American soccer. The season began on February 15 when the club began their play in the 2022 CONCACAF Champions League, while the MLS season began on February 26, where the Revolution entered as the defender Supporters' Shield winners. Outside of these two competitions, the Revolution will play in the 2022 U.S. Open Cup. - The 2021 season was the Revolution's 26th season of existence, and their 26th season in MLS, the top tier of American soccer. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Revolution began the season on April 17, and the season concluded on November 7. The Revolution were slated to play in the 2022 U.S. Open Cup in addition to MLS play, but the tournament was cancelled by U.S. Soccer due to logistical challenges associated with the pandemic. - During the club regular season, the Revolution amassed a total of 73 points, off of a record of 22–5–7, which set the record for the most points obtained in the regular season. At the end of the regular season, manager Bruce Arena won the Sigi Schmid Coach of the Year Award, for the best coach of the 2021 season.[1] Goalkeeper Matt Turner won the MLS Goalkeeper of the Year Award, and Carles Gil won the MLS Comeback Player of the Year Award. Four players from the Revolution were named to the MLS Best XI for the 2021 season, which was tied for the second most in league history. Turner, Gil, Tajon Buchanan, and Gustavo Bou were named to the Best XI.[2] - Outside of MLS play, the club qualified for the 2021 MLS Cup Playoffs. In the Conference Semifinals (or Quarterfinals), the Revolution lost to eventual MLS Cup finalist, New York City FC on penalties, ending their hopes to be the first MLS team to complete the league double (winning both the Supporters' Shield and MLS Cup) since 2017. - Appearances and goals are career totals from all-competitions. - None -",2023-08-26 17:19:37 -Aqua (video game) - Wikipedia,"Aqua (also known as Naval Warfare for the PC version) is an arcade-action shooter with tactical elements, driven by a steampunk story in which the vast majority of the world is covered with water. Aqua was developed by Games Distillery on their own proprietary engine and published by Microsoft Game Studios. It was released for the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade on May 19, 2010. The game is set in an alternate reality where most of the Earth is covered with water and factions war for the remaining pieces of land. - The game received mixed reception from reviewers who gave high praise to the game's hand-drawn cutscenes and steampunk setting. Gameplay was received to mixed commentary among reviewers, who praised the game's length and some also praised Aqua for attempting to do more than typical twin-stick shooters, but others expressed disappointment in the number of escort missions and lack of online multiplayer. - After a global cataclysmal event, the world is flooded, continents have disappeared, and little landscape remains above water level. The few remaining survivors quickly form nations and forge empires to control the vast oceanic territories and the little remaining land. Captain Benjamin Grey of the Emperean Empire, the game's protagonist, is considered by many a war hero in the recent war against the Samureans.[1] - The game begins as Grey and engineer Polly Edison discover the Gothean air force is heading for the Emperean headquarters. Grey fights his way through a Samurean base now swarmed with corsairs ravaging its contents. He finally arrives at headquarters only to find it under heavy siege by some serious Gothean strike force. Grey and company escape with some survivors from the base.[1] - After desperate attempts to strike at the heart of the Gotheans, Grey and Edison discover a secret power, personified by a character named Cerbera. The two characters must cross borders with their own side, facing diffidence and disdain of the Emperean Empire itself. They manage to reveal the truth about the conspiracy against the entire world and finally crush Cerbera's greatest agent. In the closing sequence an escape module is shown fleeing from smoldering ruins of the battle, indicating an open end in the story.[1] - In Aqua, the player commands an elite vessel to navigate a world filled with vast seas and scattered isles. The game world is seen from a bird's eye perspective with the camera tightly following the player's ship. The player navigates the ship with the left analog stick and fires their primary weapons with the right stick.[2] Several types of weaponry can be assigned as the primary weapons, including machine guns. Also at the player's disposal are mines and several types of torpedoes.[2] In addition to various guns, the player can also equip their ships with diverse upgrades. These items enhance different attributes of the player's ship such as weapon damage, ship endurance, speed, and maneuverability. In combination with various guns and upgrades, the player can configure multiple setups to create their own unique play style.[2] The player's vessel is equipped with a special weapon which can be used once the player collects enough Aquaflux; energy collected from destroyed enemies. The player can also employ AI controlled squads of elite watercraft, giving them various context orders to influence the outcome of battles.[2] - The game features several play modes. The campaign consists of nine missions, and is driven via in game cinematics and hand drawn motion comic sequences between missions. Later in the campaign, the player can usually choose from three types of ships to control; Speedboats, Cruisers, and Gunships. Each vessel features unique attributes and abilities.[2] The second single player mode, Skirmish, has the player withstand an infinite number of enemy waves with increasing difficulty, and to reach the highest score possible. Local multiplayer is also supported, with two game modes. Arena is similar to Skirmish except two players work cooperatively to defeat endless enemy waves. Chase as a variation on a simple race game mode. Players attempt to obtain a higher score than their opponent by reaching checkpoints which randomly appear in the level and by destroying neutral vessels.[2] - Aqua was developed by Games Distillery. It began as a simple project with basic gameplay in mind; a shooter game set on water. The developers further felt that Aqua should be more or less a free world to navigate, with specific goals defined by a story. The team began with a basic prototype, which served as a basis for gameplay.[3] The team then brainstormed and created various features and prototype missions from which the actual levels were built. The team were required to change several gameplay elements following the game's first testing session. Many features and mission bits were changed, cut or completely redesigned.[3] The game was publicly announced on April 9, 2010 with Microsoft Game Studios signed to publish the game in the summer of 2010.[4] Multiple trailers were subsequently released. Aqua was released on May 19, 2010 for the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade.[5] - The game received ""mixed"" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.[6][7] - Most critics gave high marks in regards to the Xbox 360 version's setting and visual style. Brett Todd of GameSpot felt the same console version had a ""unique and atmospheric steampunk-at-sea setting.""[12] Eurogamer's Kristan Reed praised the ""beautiful hand-drawn cut scenes.""[10] Eric Neigher, reviewer for 1Up.com, also felt the hand-drawn cutscenes were of high quality.[8] Multiple reviewers compared the setting to the film Waterworld.[10] Ryan Clements of IGN felt that not enough time was spent to explain the setting of the Xbox 360 version and its characters.[14] - The Xbox 360 version received mixed commentary in regards to gameplay. The reviewer for Official Xbox Magazine noted that its ""combat and controls are quite good, and yet it feels a bit sleepy.""[17] Clements felt that the game's escort missions were frustrating and hurt the pace of the game.[14] Todd agreed and also expressed disappointment with the lack of online multiplayer.[12] Neigher appreciated the same console version's basic gameplay. He called it a ""simple game with a lot of simple fun to be had.""[8] Reed gave high remarks in regards to the same Xbox 360 version's customization and upgrade system which when combined with its story gives it ""a personality of its own.""[10] GameZone's David Sanchez said of the PC version, ""Naval Warfare shouldn't take you too long to play through. But because the game gets boring so fast, you’re not going to want to finish the entire adventure. The game has some redeeming qualities in its Skirmish and multiplayer modes, but these are short-lived.""[13] - As of January 2011 the Xbox 360 version sold over 8,300 units.[18] Year-end 2011 sales analyses showed that it had moved to over 31,000 units.[19] -",2023-08-26 17:19:41 -Mary A. Conlon - Wikipedia,"Mary A. Conlon (1870–1936) was an American elementary school principal who served as the first principal of Walton High School in New York City. - Conlon graduated from Hunter College and did graduate work at multiple schools including Columbia University, New York University, and Fordham University.[1] - In the early 1900s, Conlon worked with Julia Lathers to establish the Bronx Day Nursery, first called the Abby Day Nursery, which was located at Abby House on East 142nd Street in New York City. She had noticed that some of her students had to miss school to take care of their younger siblings when unexpected events arose; Conlon realized that a nursery would allow her students to attend school more regularly if their parents had to work.[2] - In 1922, Conlon was part of a group of educators that examined the patriotism of history texts in schools books being used in New York City classrooms.[3] She also investigated schools in Gary, Indiana, Detroit, and Chicago.[1] - Conlon was principal of the elementary school Public School 30 (P.S. 30) in the South Bronx.[4][5] She started a junior high school for girls, and an evening school that was called the Evening Industrial High School,[1] and 1914 was principal of the Evening High School in the Bronx.[6] In 1923 she was named principal of the Walton Senior-Junior High School, which was divided into separate schools for junior high and senior high school in 1930.[1] The Walton school is named after Mary Walton, the wife of Lewis Morris, a U.S. Constitution signatory.[7] The school was first established in P.S. 30 next to the churchyard where Mary Walton and her husband are buried.[8] The first graduation took place in January 1926 with 126 girls.[citation needed] From 1930 Conlon spent two years supervising the construction of a new building on Jerome Avenue and West 195th Street to house the school.[citation needed] In 1932, Conlon started as principal of the newly-opened Walton High for Girls school.[7] While serving as principal, she testified before a 1930 United States Congress investigation into communist activities, and Conlon shared details about students at Walton Junior-Senior High School taking unexcused absences to celebrate May Day, also known as International Workers' Day.[9] She also brought Greek into the classroom at Walton High School, the first time it was offered at public high schools in the Bronx.[10] She served as principal of Walton High School until her death in 1936.[1][11] - Conlon died on November 17, 1936 and the New York Times obituary described her work on schools in New York, the founding of the Abby Day Nursery, and her involvement in the High School Principals Association.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:19:44 -CFLA-TV - Wikipedia,"CFLA-TV was the local CBC Television station in Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Although it started as a standalone station, by the time of its closure it was an analog rebroadcaster of CBNT, the CBC station in St. John's. - The station was founded by the US Air Force in 1957 via a Canada-United States agreement. The station's licence was held by the CBC (making it a CBC owned and operated television station), but it was maintained and operated by the USAF. The station was broadcast on VHF Channel 8 with an effective radiated power of 348 watts video and 174 watts audio. - The studio was located in the basement of building S565. The transmitter, two studio cameras and switcher were Dage products. Telecine consisted of two 16mm RCA projectors and a 35mm slide projector. No videotape. - Leo Harvey was the CBC Mgt. Rep. and Capt. William James, base information officer, was the military supervisor. - The equipment for CFLA originally was located at Loring Air Force Base, Maine during 1954-56 due to the lack of commercial service in that area. The station was relocated to CFB Goose Bay once Presque Isle's WAGM began broadcasting on channel 8 in 1956. - In 1973, the USAF formally transferred operations to the CBC. - On March 1, 1988, the station's licence was renewed. The CRTC also noted that CFLA was basically a rebroadcast transmitter of CBNT St. John's, aside from 3 hours and 20 minutes of locally produced programming each week. Most of this programming was a ten-minute insert of the daily news and public affairs program Here and Now (from CBNT), and a 30-minute news and general interest program Coffee Break, which aired on weekday mornings. - Starting October 8, 1991, CFLA was given approval to decrease its ERP from 6,800 to 1,930 watts. With this change, a new antenna system was installed, and the station became a full-time rebroadcaster of CBNT. - Due to budget cuts handed down on the CBC in April 2012, the CBC has announced several austerity measures to keep the corporation solvent and in operation; this included the closure of the CBC and Radio-Canada's remaining analog transmitters, including CFLA, on July 31, 2012.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:19:48 -Makhado Local Municipality elections - Wikipedia,"The Makhado Local Municipality is a Local Municipality in Limpopo, South Africa. The council consists of seventy-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Thirty-eight councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in thirty-eight wards, while the remaining thirty-seven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of sixty-two seats. - The following table shows the composition of the council after past elections. - The following table shows the results of the 2000 election.[1] - The following table shows the results of the 2006 election.[2] - The following table shows the results of the 2011 election.[3] - The following table shows the results of the 2016 election.[4] - The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:19:52 -Urania boisduvalii - Wikipedia," - Urania boisduvalii is a day-flying moth of the family Uraniidae. It was first described by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville in 1829. -A genetic analysis of Urania moths gave rise to a phylogenetic tree which places U. boisduvalii as sister to the in-group that includes U. fulgens spp. poeyi, U. fulgens, U. sloanus, U. sloanus, U. leilus and U. leilus spp. brasiliensis.[1] - Urania boisduvalii is found in Cuba.[2] Unlike Urania poeyi, which is found only in the eastern part of Cuba, this species is found throughout the island.[3] It has been proposed that U. bosiduvalii is a migratory species. Computer generated migratory routes predict that migratory groups fly mainly along the western and eastern coast lines, because of plant distributions.[4] - Usually, U. bosiduvalii lay individual eggs on separate leaves, but they have been known to lay egg clutches too.[5] The specialist larvae of this species feed on Omphalea hypoleuca and Omphalea trichotoma.[6] The larvae will feed on the leaves, but prefer the fruit of O. trichotoma.[7] The leaves of Omaphalea spp. contain compounds that are toxic to most herbivores, but U. boisduvalli caterpillars can tolerate and metabolize the toxins. As adults, the toxins are protection against predators, like birds.[8] -",2023-08-26 17:19:56 -Duetá - Wikipedia,"Duetá (English: Duets) is the seventh compilation album by Marika Gombitová, released on OPUS in 2010.[1] - All tracks are written by Lehotský and Peteraj, unless stated otherwise Filan - -",2023-08-26 17:20:00 -Kévin Menaldo - Wikipedia,"Kévin Menaldo (born 12 July 1992) is a French track and field athlete who competes in the pole vault. He has a personal best of 5.75 m (18 ft 10+1⁄4 in) (set indoors in 2014) and was the silver medallist at the 2013 Mediterranean Games. - Born in Bordeaux, he began training with former Olympic pole vault medalist Thierry Vigneron in 2009.[1] The year he came seventh at the 2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics and also won at the 2009 Gymnasiade with a personal best of 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) (his first clearance over five metres).[2][3] He added a further five centimetres to his best in 2010 and won the French junior title.[1] He continued to improve the following season, which culminated in a silver medal at the 2011 European Athletics Junior Championships with a vault of 5.50 m (18 ft 1⁄2 in).[4] He had an indoor best of 5.43 m (17 ft 9+3⁄4 in) at the start of 2012 but faltered in the outdoor season, failed to register a height at the French Athletics Championships.[5] - Menaldo was sixth at the French championships indoors and out in 2013. He came fourth at the European Champion Clubs Cup and bettered his 2011 best with a vault of 5.60 m (18 ft 4+1⁄4 in) at the 2013 Mediterranean Games which brought him his first senior medal (a silver) behind Giuseppe Gibilisco, who set a championship record.[5][6] He also competed at the 2013 European Athletics U23 Championships, but performed poorly and did not get past the qualifying. He cleared 5.75 m (18 ft 10+1⁄4 in) at the beginning of the 2014 indoor season and went on to claim his first national title at the French Indoor Championships.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:20:04 -Crystal Pepsi - Wikipedia," - Crystal Pepsi was a clear cola soft drink made by PepsiCo. It was initially released in the United States and Canada from 1992 to 1994. Online grassroots revival efforts prompted brief re-releases throughout the mid-2010s. It was briefly sold in the United Kingdom and Australia. - Its flavor resembles standard Pepsi, without caramel color, reportedly making it taste less ""acidic"".[1][2] - The clear craze, a global marketing fad in the 1980s and 1990s, equated clarity with purity, reaching basic retail markets with the reintroduction of Ivory soap with a marketing slogan of ""99 and 44/100 percent pure"".[3] Meanwhile, soft drink sales boomed in the 1980s with popularization of diet drinks, but in 1991 slowed to a 1.8% growth rate.[4] Pepsi-Cola North America CEO Craig Weatherup was ambitiously internally restructuring the company while launching a multi-faceted development and marketing plan to expand as a ""total beverage company"".[5] This included the fast-growing and expandable New Age beverage market, with established competition from Clearly Canadian (reportedly having ""built a new market in two years""[6]), Nordic Mist, Snapple,[5] and the waning Original New York Seltzer.[6] PepsiCo was reportedly ""a lot more free-thinking and willing to make errors ... [already having] made some very good errors"".[5] - PepsiCo's internal research already had ""1,000 different product concepts"", but its consumer research demanded a healthier variety of cola, which was the number one soft-drink segment[6] at 60% and yet slowing.[5] Food technologists knew that food color strongly affects flavor perceptions, associating light flavors with light colors. Pepsi's traditional caramel coloring, which adds body and flavor, was replaced with modified food starch for body with a clear look.[6] PepsiCo devised 3,000 formulations of a new clear drink, under consumer testing.[4] A 12-ounce (340 g) serving of Crystal Pepsi has 134 calories compared to Pepsi's 154 calories—20 fewer.[7] In November 1991, Pepsi-Cola publicly confirmed that it was working on a colorless version of Pepsi.[8] - On April 13, 1992,[9] Crystal Pepsi was launched in test markets of Dallas, Providence, Salt Lake City, and Colorado[10] to a positive response.[11][12][5] One month in test markets showed an unusually and unexpectedly strong launch due to product uniqueness and unprecedented consumer awareness.[13] In Colorado, interviews of 100,000 customers further revealed demand for Diet Crystal Pepsi, which was launched there in October.[10] - Crystal Pepsi was launched nationwide in the US on December 14, 1992.[14] In its first year, it captured one full percentage point of U.S. soft drink sales, or approximately US$474 million (equivalent to $960 million in 2022).[15] Coca-Cola followed by launching Tab Clear on December 14, 1992.[14] - The Coca-Cola Company had produced a clear cola in the past, produced as a secret one-off made as a particular political favor between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Clear Coca-Cola, named White Coke, was produced in order to disguise the beverage as vodka.[16] In 1990, a Canadian manufacturer released a colorless cola, called Canadian Spirit, which it tested in Boston, New York, Washington, Toronto, and Montreal.[17] - During the same year that Crystal Pepsi was released, several other manufacturers also released colorless versions of their existing products, such as colorless Palmolive dish soap, colorless Softsoap liquid soap, and colorless Rembrandt mouthwash.[18] Even the Miller Brewing Company released a colorless beer, called Miller Clear, in Richmond, Minneapolis, and Austin the following year.[19] - By late 1993, Crystal Pepsi was discontinued, and the final batches were delivered to retailers during the first few months of 1994. Several months later, Pepsi briefly released a reformulated citrus-cola hybrid called Crystal From Pepsi.[20][21] - In 2005, Pepsi Clear was sold in Mexico for a limited time. On August 22, 2008, PepsiCo filed for trademarks on the product names ""Pepsi Clear"" and ""Diet Pepsi Clear"".[22] - Crystal Pepsi was marketed as a caffeine-free ""clear alternative"" to normal colas.[11] Its official slogan was ""You've never seen a taste like this"".[3] - Gary Hemphill, public relations manager for Pepsico Inc, said ""The basic philosophy behind Crystal Pepsi is this: Crystal Pepsi is not Pepsi with the color stripped out. It's a totally new product. It tastes differently than Pepsi [... which we married] to some of the attributes of the so-called New Age type products: lighter and less sweet tasting, clear, caffeine-free, all natural flavors, and no preservatives.""[23] A senior vice president relayed expectation of forging ""an entirely new category that really transcends New Age"".[4][14] Test marketing suggested that 80% of sales would come from non-Pepsi consumers.[23] The goal was to capture 2% of the $48 billion retail soft drink market by the end of 1993, or about $1 billion, but without harming the flagship Pepsi product.[5] - The $40 million marketing campaign included a teaser ad during the television coverage of the inauguration of the US President and $7 million of Super Bowl advertisements.[5][23] The company invented the world's first photo-realistic, computer-generated bus wrap printing. A series of television advertisements featuring Van Halen's hit song ""Right Now"" premiered on national television on January 31, 1993, during Super Bowl XXVII.[24] This advertisement was parodied by Saturday Night Live as Crystal Gravy.[25] Full-sized sample bottles were distributed with the Sunday paper deliveries such as the Boston Globe in Massachusetts.[11] - According to Coca-Cola's chief marketing officer, Sergio Zyman, Tab Clear was released at the same time, as an intentional ""kamikaze"" effort to create an unpopular beverage that was positioned as an analogue of Crystal Pepsi in order to ""kill both in the process"". The ""born to die"" strategy included using the poor-performing Tab brand rather than Coke, labeling the product as a ""sugar free"" diet drink to confuse consumers into thinking Crystal Pepsi had no sugar, and marketing the product as if it were ""medicinal"". Zyman said ""Pepsi spent an enormous amount of money on the brand and, regardless, we killed it. Both of them were dead within six months.""[26] - Yum! Brands chairman David C. Novak is credited with introducing the Crystal Pepsi concept. In a December 2007 interview, he reminisced: - It was a tremendous learning experience. I still think it's the best idea I ever had, and the worst executed. A lot of times as a leader you think, ""They don't get it; they don't see my vision."" People were saying we should stop and address some issues along the way, and they were right. It would have been nice if I'd made sure the product tasted good. Once you have a great idea and you blow it, you don't get a chance to resurrect it.[27] In its first year, Crystal Pepsi captured 1% of U.S. soft drink sales, or approximately $474 million. Beverage Digest said ""This is another instance where Pepsi has really shown leadership to strike out in a new direction.""[15] Crystal Pepsi was named Best New Product of the Year for 1992 by Richard Saunders International, based on consumer preference polls among 16,000 new grocery products, scoring higher than any other beverage in the poll's history. Robert McMath, editor of Brand Week, said that ""new sells [and] clarity equals purity"" but he doubted the strategy of positioning such a new and different product directly alongside the old flagship product.[23] - In September 2014, following a Facebook campaign by consumers, The Coca-Cola Company reintroduced the soft drink Surge, leading to speculation in the public and media about the return of Crystal Pepsi.[28] In March 2015, an online grassroots campaign to bring back Crystal Pepsi began. The following month, a second, separate petition was led by an online competitive eating personality, Kevin Strahle, also known as The L.A. Beast, who had made a 2013 viral video of himself drinking a 1990s vintage bottle of Crystal Pepsi. This generated enough interest for a telephone and email campaign, garnering around 37,000 Change.org petition signatures,[29] tens of thousands of Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram tagged comments, 15 billboards erected around the Los Angeles area, and a commitment to ride a mobile billboard truck at Pepsi's headquarters in Purchase, New York with a gathering of supporters at a park nearby[30] on June 15 and 16, 2015.[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] - The interest from this campaign led to an official response to Strahle by PepsiCo on June 8, 2015: ""We've had customers ask us to bring back their favorite products before, but never with your level of enthusiasm and humor. We're lucky to have a Pepsi superfan like you on our side. We definitely hear you and your followers and we think you'll all be happy with what's in store. Stay tuned.""[38][39] In mid-2016, Crystal Pepsi was released for a limited time across the United States and Canada, promoted with a retro styled website and marketing video, including The Crystal Pepsi Trail browser game as an officially licensed parody of the classic The Oregon Trail.[40][41][42] It was released again for limited times in 2018 and in honour of its 30th anniversary in 2022. All of the re-releases were sold only in the 591 mL bottle. -",2023-08-26 17:20:07 -7th Street Trafficway Bridge - Wikipedia,"The 7th Street Trafficway Bridge is a one level deck truss bridge over the Kansas River and BNSF Railway tracks on 7th Street. -It was built in 1932. It connects the Armourdale district of Kansas City, Kansas, to the east end of the Argentine district of Kansas City, Kansas. -In 1970, the bridge was resurfaced, repainted, and a new sister bridge was built. -The new sister bridge is a two lane girder bridge that would now carry southbound lanes, making the deck truss bridge into a northbound bridge only. - It is also called the Herman G. Dillon Bridge, and it survived the 1951 flood. - - -",2023-08-26 17:20:12 -Marja Casparsson - Wikipedia,"Marja Casparsson (July 11, 1901 - August 24, 1993) was a Swedish painter. - Born in Saltsjöbaden, Casparsson was the daughter of embroidery artist Anna Casparsson. Beginning in the 1920s she spent much time at Gnarp. She died at Saltsjöbaden.[1] - Casparsson painted a portrait of her mother in the year of her death, 1961; this is today in the portrait collection at Gripsholm Castle;[2] the Nationalmuseet also owns her portraits of Arne Cassel, Mary-Ann Tollin, and Leeo Verde.[3] Three of her works, including two portraits, are in the collection of the Moderna Museet.[4] During her career she was especially known for her depictions of the elderly.[2] - This article about a Swedish painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:20:16 -Fair Mary of Wallington - Wikipedia," -Fair Mary of Wallington or Fair Lady of Wallington is Child ballad 91 and number 59 in the Roud Folk Song Index.[1] Child lists at least seven variants of the ballad.[2] The first variant is titled ""Fair Mary of Wallington"", while another variant (variant C) is titled ""The Bonny Early of Livingston"".[3] - Two sisters had once been two of seven, but all their sisters had died in childbirth. The older vows never to marry, but is married off to a knight who lives in Wallington Hall. She becomes pregnant and sends for her mother when she is in childbed. She dies; in most variants, the baby has to be saved by cutting open her side. In many variants, the youngest sister vows never to marry, but her father insists that he will marry her off. - The only version recorded from a source singer was James Madison Carpenter's recording of Bell Duncan (1849-1934) of Forgue, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; the original recording is available on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website.[4] - A Breton ballad, Pontplancoat, appears too similar in form to this not to be from a common source: Pontplancoat marries a woman named Marguerite as his third wife. When he has to leave her, he dreams she has been three days in labor. Disturbed, he returned immediately to find it was true. Marguerite died, and the baby was saved by cutting open her side. This is his third son, both his earlier wives having died the same way.[5] - - This folk song–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:20:19 -Grey Ranks - Wikipedia," - ""Grey Ranks"" (Polish: Szare Szeregi) was a codename for the underground paramilitary Polish Scouting Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) during World War II. - The wartime organisation was created on 27 September 1939, actively resisted and fought German occupation in Warsaw until 18 January 1945, and contributed to the resistance operations of the Polish Underground State. Some of its members (Grupy Szturmowe – Assault Groups) were among the Home Army's best-trained troops.[citation needed] - Though formally independent, the Grey Ranks worked closely with the Government Delegation for Poland and Home Army Headquarters. The Grey Ranks had their own headquarters [pl] known under the cryptonym Pasieka (""bee yard"") staffed by the Chief Scout of Grey Ranks plus three to five deputies in the rank of Harcmistrz (Scoutmaster). - Since its organization in 1916, scouts from the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP) had taken an active part in all the conflicts Poland was engaged in around this time: Great Poland Uprising, Polish-Bolshevik War, Silesian Uprisings, and the Polish–Ukrainian War. After the German Invasion of Poland in 1939, the Nazis recognized the ZHP as a threat. Polish Scouts and Guides were branded as criminals and banned.[1] - Under the leadership of Florian Marciniak, the ZHP carried on as a clandestine organization. The wartime Scouts evolved into the paramilitary Szare Szeregi (Grey Ranks), reporting up through the Polish underground state and the Armia Krajowa resistance organization.[citation needed] - The codename Szare Szeregi was adopted in 1940. It was first used by underground scouting in Poznań. The name was coined after an early action of the Polish Scouting Association, in which boy scouts distributed propaganda leaflets among Germans from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia who had settled in the homes of Poles expelled to the General Government. To create confusion, the leaflets had been signed SS—later expanded to Szare Szeregi, a name that came to be adopted by the entire organization.[citation needed] - Older Scouts carried out sabotage, armed resistance, and assassinations. The Girl Guides formed auxiliary units working as nurses, liaisons and munition carriers. Younger Scouts were involved in so-called minor sabotage under the auspice of the Wawer organization, which included dropping leaflets or painting the kotwica sign on the walls. During Operation Tempest, and especially during the Warsaw Uprising, the Scouts participated in the fighting, and several Szare Szeregi units were some of the most effective in combat. The Grey Ranks also included the White Couriers, who between late fall 1939 and mid-1940 helped smuggle many persons out of Soviet-occupied southeastern Poland into Hungary.[citation needed] - In 1940, the Soviet Union executed most of the Boy Scouts held at Ostashkov prison.[citation needed] - In 1945 the ZHP restored its former name and returned to public existence. However, the communist authorities of Poland pressured the organization to become a member of the Pioneer Movement and eventually it was banned in 1949. The only existing part of pre-war ZHP during the years of the Communist regime was the ZHP pgK ('ZHP abroad', consisting of Polish Scouts from USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Argentina, France and Sweden).[citation needed] - The Grey Ranks followed the prewar principles of the Polish Scouting Association: service to the people and country, and education and improvement of their skills. In addition to the prewar oath, the following line was added:[citation needed] - In addition to the Scouting moral code, the Grey Ranks also followed a basic three-step path of action. The program was nicknamed ""Dziś - jutro - pojutrze"" (""Today - tomorrow - the day after""):[citation needed] - The Grey Ranks' structure was based on the prewar structure of the Polish Scouting Association, modified to suit the new circumstances of occupation and repression. The basic unit was the troop (drużyna), comprising some 20 boys or girls. Each troop was composed of several squads (zastępy), each zastęp comprising 7 persons. Several troops from a specified area (city district, village or town) formed a district (hufiec), which in turn formed part of a region (chorągiew — literally, a banner or standard). During World War II, the several units were referred to by their own code-names: - The headquarters of the Gray Ranks [pl] were code-named ""Bee Yard"" (Pasieka), headed by the commander (Naczelnik). The Grey Ranks' successive commanders were:[citation needed] - At the apogee of the Grey Ranks' strength, Headquarters commanded 20 banners. To control the movement, the area of prewar Poland was divided into departments, each supervising several banners:[citation needed] - An additional banner was formed in the General Government and commanded all the scouts from Greater Poland expelled from their homes by the Germans (ul ""Chrobry"" - beehive Chrobry). - An additional banner was formed for scouts expelled from their homes to the General Government (ul Złoty – ""Gold beehive"").[citation needed][citation needed] - Coordination among the departments and beehives was directed by inspectors subordinate to the Headquarters: Eugeniusz Stasiecki, Edward Zurn and Kazimierz Grenda.[citation needed] - As of 1 May 1944, the Grey Ranks numbered 8,359 members. Initially, only older scouts (Senior Scouts, Senior Guides, Rovers and Rangers), aged 17 and up, were admitted. Soon, however, younger children were admitted, and in 1942 a new structure was adopted, based largely on the prewar structure of the Polish Scouting Association.[citation needed] - Zawisza (plural Zawiszacy) was a group of the youngest Scouts of the Szare Szeregi.[citation needed] - Troops organised for children between 12 and 14 years of age were code-named Zawisza, after Zawisza Czarny, a medieval Polish knight and diplomat. The troops did not take part in active resistance. Instead, the children were prepared for auxiliary service for the upcoming all-national uprising and taught in secret schools for their future duties in liberated Poland. Among the best-known auxiliary troops formed by the Zawiszacy was the Scouting Postal Service organised during the Warsaw Uprising.[citation needed] - The Combat Schools (Bojowe Szkoły) comprised youngsters aged 15 to 17. They took part in ""small-sabotage"" operations. These included propaganda operations directed at the Poles, German civilians and German military units. The best-known operations were:[citation needed] - Other famous operations included marking street lamps as ""Nur für Deutsche"" (""Only for Germans""), implying that those who hanged people would themselves be hanged (from street lamps). Other operations occurred after the Germans began destroying monuments to Polish national heroes and historical personalities. These included a monument to Jan Kiliński, leader of an 18th-century Warsaw uprising against the Russians during the Kościuszko Uprising. The Germans dismantled the monument and placed it in the cellars of the former National Museum, for delivery to a German steel mill. The scouts were notified of where the monument was hidden and overnight marked the walls of the former museum, ""People of Warsaw! I am here. Kiliński"".[citation needed] - As part of their secret training, the Combat Schools boys and girls prepared for service with the Home Army as members of commanders' troops, communication units, and reconnaissance units. During the Warsaw Uprising, Combat Schools units in Warsaw's Downtown District formed a company; in other districts, they formed platoons.[citation needed] - The Assault Groups (Grupy Szturmowe), comprising youngsters aged 17 and up, were directly subordinate to the Home Army's KeDyw (Directorate of Diversion). The groups trained at secret NCO schools and officer schools for commanders of motorised and engineering units. Most members also studied at underground universities, to gain the knowledge necessary to reconstruct Poland after the war. The best-known NCO schools included Warsaw's Agricola.[citation needed] - The assault groups took part in ""major sabotage"", including armed struggle against the occupiers. The assault groups formed the backbone of the Home Army's special troops. They liberated prisoners from German prisons and transports, blew up railroad bridges, carried out executions ordered by special courts, and fought pitched battles against German forces. - The assault groups in Warsaw were organised into several battalions, including the famous ""Baszta"", ""Zośka"", ""Parasol"" and ""Wigry"", which later took part in the Warsaw Uprising and were among the most notable and successful units on the Polish side. Other units, mainly in the Radom-Kielce area, joined the partisan units operating in the forests of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains.[citation needed] - Notable assault-group operations included:[citation needed] - -",2023-08-26 17:20:24 -List of programs broadcast by Hum TV - Wikipedia," - Hum TV is a commercial broadcast television network owned by Hum Entertainment Television. Headquartered on I. I. Chundrigar Road in Karachi, the network is one of the major channels in Pakistan in terms of viewership.[1] The following is a list of all television programming that the network has broadcast since it began its TV operations in January 2005. - Note: Titles are listed in alphabetical order. -",2023-08-26 17:20:27 -Selleola - Wikipedia," - Selleola is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. The only species is Selleola ekmaniana.[1] - Its native range is Haiti.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:20:30 -Northland Center For Advanced Professional Studies - Wikipedia,"Northland Center for Advanced Professional Studies (CAPS) is a high school program which operates multiple different magnet programs for students who live within the school districts of: Excelsior Springs, Kearney, Liberty, North Kansas City, Park Hill, Platte County, and Smithville.[1] - The center focuses on providing an education focused on building professional skills in partnership with local businesses and educational institutions.[2] - The center offers pre-professional, innovative and entrepreneurial education by immersing students in professional environments and employing a curriculum developed by industry professionals and program instructors.[3] - Northland CAPS is part of the CAPS Network that links other schools employing the CAPS program. -",2023-08-26 17:20:35 -1998 Florida gubernatorial election - Wikipedia,"Lawton Chiles -Democratic - Jeb Bush -Republican - The 1998 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1998, to determine the Governor for the State of Florida. Two-term Democratic incumbent Governor Lawton Chiles was term-limited and could not run for re-election. John Ellis ""Jeb"" Bush, who had previously run for governor in 1994 was the Republican nominee, and incumbent Lieutenant Governor Kenneth Hood ""Buddy"" MacKay was the Democratic nominee. Bush defeated MacKay by nearly 11% of the vote, and won his first of two terms as governor. - Jeb Bush was one of four GOP pickups nationwide in the 1998 gubernatorial elections. Nonetheless, the Republican party still netted a loss of one governorship. - On December 12, 1998, incumbent Governor Lawton Chiles suddenly died of a heart attack,[2] thrusting MacKay into the governor's office, for which he had just lost the election, for 24 days. This was the second election in which MacKay had unsuccessfully run to succeed Chiles in an elected office, the first being the 1988 Senate race. - The primary season was largely uneventful, as MacKay (D) and Bush (R) officially ran unopposed for their respective nominations.[3] Initially the Democratic primary saw a three-way race between MacKay, Rick Dantzler and J. Keith Arnold, but the latter two dropped out of the race early on. Dantzler became MacKay's running mate for lieutenant governor,[4] and Arnold ran for Education Commissioner instead.[5] - The lack of competitiveness saw a very low turnout of just 16.6% of voters for the September 1 primary.[6] - Jeb Bush enjoyed double-digit leads in polling through most of the campaign, and had a large fundraising advantage over MacKay.[4][7][8] Bush attempted to revamp his image after appearing too hard-right during the 1994 race.[4] Internal struggles amongst key Democratic constituencies, particularly the African-American community, hurt MacKay. MacKay and the Florida Democratic party drew the ire of the black community after state representative Willie Logan, poised to become the first black speaker of the Florida House, was ousted by party leaders.[8] Logan endorsed Bush in the general election. - Meanwhile, after receiving only 5% of the African-American vote in 1994, Bush sought to connect to minorities,[7][9] a group he admittedly ignored in 1994.[4] Setting a tone of compassionate conservatism, and portraying himself as a ""consensus-building pragmatist,""[7] he met with African American leaders, and reached out to Jews and Hispanics. He introduced his Mexican-born wife Columba on the campaign trail, and demonstrated his fluent bi-lingual abilities, particularly in South Florida.[9] MacKay ran from behind for the entire race, and barely managed closed to gap to ten points in the days leading up to the general election. - On election day, Bush won by almost 11%. He garnered 61% of the Hispanic vote and 14% of the African American vote, a surprising showing for a Republican seeking statewide office. With his brother George W. Bush winning re-election in Texas, the two brothers became the first siblings to govern two states at the same time since Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller governed New York and Arkansas from 1967 to 1971.[7] Despite his strong statewide showing, Bush was unable to provide coattails for other Republicans further down the ticket. Charlie Crist was easily defeated in his Senate race, and House Republicans did not pick up any seats in the midterms. In the state legislature, the GOP netted no new Senate seats, and picked up only two seats in the House. - A little over a month after the election, Lawton Chiles died suddenly of a heart attack. Buddy MacKay, still the sitting lieutenant governor, was sworn in as the 42nd governor of Florida on December 13, 1998, and served out the final 23 days of Chiles' second term. In an ironic twist, MacKay managed to serve in the office he lost the race for, but stated ""There's no great pleasure in this.""[10] MacKay oversaw the state funeral of Chiles, and made a handful of minor appointments, before Bush was sworn in as the 43rd Governor on January 5, 1999. - (1) Midterm Election Coverage, which includes Bush's victory speech from November 3, 1998 [1] - (2) Florida Gubernatorial Debate from October 20, 1998 [2] - (3) Florida Gubernatorial Debate from October 3, 1998 [3] -",2023-08-26 17:20:39 -Chandu (2002 film) - Wikipedia," - R. Rajashekhar - Chandu is a 2002 Kannada romantic-drama film directed by Arun Prasad P.A. featuring Sudeep and Sonia Agarwal. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Gurukiran and lyrics by K. Kalyan, Anant Kumar and V. Nagendra Prasad. The film released on 10 May 2002. - A reckless guy named Chandu (Sudeep) has to deal with the misunderstanding between him and his lover Vidya(Sonia). - The music was composed by Gurukiran for Ashwini Audio label.[1] - A critic from Chitraloka wrote that ""A few lovely scores, action extravaganza and well-weighed acting by key artistes is the highlight of ‘Chandu’"".[2] - - This article about a Kannada film of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:20:41 -Vanessa Frazier - Wikipedia,"Vanessa Frazier is a Maltese diplomat currently serving as Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Prior to her UN job, she served as ambassador to Brussels, Belgium, Luxembourg and NATO. At the UN, she was elected Chair of the UN Second Committee, the Economic and Financial Committee, for the 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2021.[1] She is the first woman to lead all women members UN Second Committee, the Economic and Financial Committee and the first woman to hold the position of Malta Permanent Representative to the UN. - Frazier obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Business Management and French from Luther College in the United States and a Master’s degree in Diplomatic Studies majoring in International Law from the University of Malta.[2] She holds an Honorary Doctorate in recognition of her career achievements. - She began her diplomatic career as a student diplomat in 1992 and was appointed to the post of First Secretary in 1994 and serving in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a Desk Officer for the United States and the Americas and later redeployed to the Mediterranean Department.[3] She was appointed Ambassador and served in Brussels, Belgium, Luxembourg and NATO before being moved to Italy in 2013 and accredited to San Marino and the Rome-based UN bodies.[4][5] -",2023-08-26 17:20:44 -Rajania - Wikipedia," - Rajania is a genus of plants in the Dioscoreaceae. It is native to the West Indies, with 14 of the 17 known species found in Cuba.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 17:20:47 -Matsumoto Machiya Station - Wikipedia,"Matsumoto Machiya Station (まつもと町屋駅, Matsumoto Machiya-eki) is an Echizen Railway Mikuni Awara Line railway station located in the city of Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. - Matsumoto Machiya Station is served by the Mikuni Awara Line, and is located 1.0 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Fukuiguchi. - The station consists of one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended. - Matsumoto Machiya Station was opened on September 27, 2015. - Media related to Matsumoto-Machiya Station at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:20:51 -Lee Guber - Wikipedia,"Lee Guber (November 20, 1920 – March 27, 1988) was an American theater impresario, who produced several Broadway theatre productions and developed a chain of entertainment venues in suburban locations along the East Coast. - Guber was born in Philadelphia on November 20, 1920. He attended Central High School, where he met his future business partner Shelly Gross, when they were assigned to sit next to each other in alphabetical order. He attended Temple University, where he majored in sociology, earning bachelor's and master's degrees.[1] - Guber went into the nightclub business, and joined his childhood friend Shelly Gross and Frank Ford in creating a musical theater in Devon, Pennsylvania in 1955 called the Valley Forge Music Fair.[1] The original tent was replaced by a permanent structure, which was subsequently razed and replaced by a supermarket.[2] - The group was advised to open a second theater in Westbury, New York, a suburb of New York City, but Guber asked ""Where's Long Island?"" when told the proposed location. The original Westbury Music Fair was housed in a tent that was constructed on what had been the site of a lime pit, with a $1 million building constructed several years later that included 3,000 seats in a theater in the round format.[1] - Guber and Gross built their business to become one of the biggest purveyors of live entertainment, using their venues in Valley Forge and Westbury, as well as the Painters Mill Music Fair near Baltimore and the Shady Grove Music Theater near Washington, D.C. The group also operated a wax museum and advertising agency, both based in Philadelphia, and operated a theater in the Deauville Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida. The group brought in many star performers, including Jack Benny, Maurice Chevalier, Perry Como, Sammy Davis, Jr., Bobby Vinton, Dionne Warwick, Andy Williams and Stevie Wonder, along with such Broadway shows as traveling productions of Cabaret, Fiddler on the Roof, George M! and Man of La Mancha, to their suburban venues.[1] - Guber, Ford and Gross Productions aimed to resurrect the popular 50s and 60s TV series, Dialing for Dollars, with Canadian television personality Peter Emmerson slated to be the Host, but Lee Guber's diagnosis of terminal brain cancer brought those plans to a halt in 1987. - In 1977, the pair produced a 696-performance run of The King and I, with Yul Brenner in the lead, in which investors were paid back after 14 weeks and weekly grosses exceeded $200,000. A production of Lorelei starring Carol Channing ran for a year. A 1965 production of Catch Me If You Can ran for 103 performances, while their 1967 Sherry! musical based on the play The Man Who Came to Dinner ran for 71 shows. 1981's Bring Back Birdie, a sequel to Bye Bye Birdie that earned Chita Rivera a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical, ran for only four performances, as did the 1986 musical Rags about immigrants to the United States that cost over $5 million to produce.[1] - He was married three times. His first marriage was to Edna Shanis. The couple had two children together, Zev and Carol.[1] - In December 1963 Guber was married to Barbara Walters, then a reporter for NBC, beginning a marriage that lasted 13 years.[1][3] Their daughter Jacqueline Dena Guber was born in 1968 and adopted by the couple the same year. - His third marriage was in 1982 to Lois Wyse, with whom he remained married until his death. His stepchildren are Robert Wyse and Katherine Goldman. He has eight grandchildren, one journalist Noah Shachtman.[4] - Guber enjoyed playing squash and tennis, and was described by The New York Times as ""an accomplished cook"" who learned his culinary skills from James Beard. He was appointed to serve on the New York State Council on the Arts in the mid-1970s.[1][5] - A resident of Manhattan's Upper East Side, Guber died at age 67 on March 27, 1988, at his home due to brain cancer.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:20:54 -Nirajoy Tripura - Wikipedia," - Nirajoy Tripura is an Indian politician and the former member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly.[2] He has been a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) since 1967. In the 2008 Tripura Assembly election he was defeated Shyama Charan Tripura by a margin of 1101 votes.[3][4] - - - This article about a Communist Party of India (Marxist) politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:20:57 -Dan Rashovich - Wikipedia,"Danilo ""Dan"" Rashovich (Danilo Rašović / Данило Рашовић) (born November 30, 1960 in Toronto, Ontario) is a former linebacker who played sixteen seasons in the Canadian Football League, mainly for the Saskatchewan Roughriders.[1] - - This biographical article relating to a Canadian football linebacker is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:00 -Pago Youth FC B - Wikipedia,"Pago Youth B is the reserve team for Pago Youth FC, a football team based in Pago Pago, American Samoa. It currently plays in the country's top division, FFAS Senior League, competing with its own first team.[2] It is unusual for a reserve team to compete in the same league as its first team, as this can lead to accusations of cheating, where the reserve team may be seen to let the first team win. This is the case in other leagues where B teams are allowed to compete, like Spain.[3] - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. - In the last decade, Pago Youth B have competed in the top flight of American Samoa on five occasions - the 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010 and 2009 seasons. In 2011 the B team was separated from the first team at the group stage, but met in the semi-finals of the knock-out stage.[4] - - This article about an American Samoa football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:03 -Uggal Aluthnuwara Kataragama Devalaya - Wikipedia,"Uggal Aluthnuwara Kataragama Devalaya (Sinhala: උග්ගල් අළුත්නුවර කතරගම දේවාලය) is an ancient devalaya, situated in Uggal Aluthnuwara, Sri Lanka. It lies on Colombo - Batticaloa main road, approximately 9 km (5.6 mi) away from the Balangoda town. The shrine is dedicated to the Sinhalese deity Kataragama deviyo, who is believed as a guardian deity of the Buddha Sasana in Sri Lanka. The devalaya has been formally recognised by the government as an archaeological protected monument. The designation was declared on 3 September 1999 under the government Gazette number 1096.[2] - According to the written history, Uggal Aluthnuwara Devalaya was first constructed in 1382 as Medagama Devalaya by a King named Suriya. It is said that the King Suriya refers to King Bhuvanakabahu V (1374–1408) of Gampola Kingdom who belonged to the Suriya clan.[3] The king built the devalaya and dedicated it to deity Kataragama deviyo. However the present devalaya complex and its related buildings have been erected in 1582 by a king called Yapa Maharaja, 200 years after the construction of original Medagama Devalaya. - References about the King Yapa Maharaja is only found in the old documents belonging to the devalaya and there is no further historical mentions regarding the any of a king by this name. It is said that the King Yapa made a vow at the Jack tree of the Medagma devalaya to build a new devala complex and a town at the site if he wins the war against the Portuguese. According to these local information and chronological facts of other historical resources, historians believe that the King Yapa is no other than King Rajasingha I. The jack tree at which the Yapa Maharaja made his wow in 1582 still can be seen at the temple premises and known as Kos Ruppaya. -",2023-08-26 17:21:07 -Hite Crossing Bridge - Wikipedia,"The Hite Crossing Bridge is an arch bridge that carries Utah State Route 95 across the Colorado River northwest of Blanding, Utah, United States. The bridge informally marks the upstream limit of Lake Powell and the end of Cataract Canyon of the Colorado River, but when the lake is at normal water elevation, the water can back up over 30 miles (48 km) upstream into Cataract Canyon.[1] The bridge is the only automobile bridge spanning the Colorado River between the Glen Canyon Bridge, 185 miles (298 km) downstream near the Glen Canyon Dam and the U.S. Route 191 bridge 110 miles (180 km) upstream near Moab. The bridge is near Hite Marina on Lake Powell, and a small airstrip is immediately adjacent to the north side of the bridge. - The Colorado River served as a major barrier to early settlers and explorers of the region. In 1880 a prospector named Cass Hite established a ford near the mouth of the Dirty Devil River, 2 miles (3.2 km) downstream from the present-day bridge location. This ford, named ""Dandy Crossing"", served as one of the few locations in the region where travelers could cross the Colorado River. The settlement that formed at the crossing location took the name of its founder, Hite. In 1946, a settler named Arthur Chaffin constructed an automobile ferry using an old car engine and a thick steel cable to hold it in place. The ferry operated for 20 years, before the rising waters of Lake Powell inundated the settlement of Hite.[2] - The bridge was completed as part of the realignment of State Route 95, which was approved in 1962 due to the construction of Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell's subsequent flooding of the original roadway alignment and the original river crossing in Hite. The bridge was designed by David Sargent and was advertised for bids on June 29, 1963 at a cost of approximately US$3 million[3] (equivalent to $21 million in 2021 dollars). The bridge was dedicated on June 3, 1966.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:21:10 -Gălănești - Wikipedia,"Gălănești (German: Galanestie) is a commune located in Suceava County, Bukovina, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Gălănești and Hurjuieni. It also included Voitinel village until 2004, when it was split off to form a separate commune. - - This Suceava County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:14 -112th Field Artillery Regiment - Wikipedia,"The 112th Field Artillery Regiment is a Field Artillery Branch regiment of the New Jersey Army National Guard first formed in April 1917. In December 1941, it was the last field artillery regiment in the U.S. Army to convert from horse-drawn to truck-drawn howitzers.[2] - Only the 3rd Battalion of the 112th Field Artillery Regiment is currently active.[3] Headquartered in Morristown, NJ, it is the Direct Support FA Battalion for the 44th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Headquarters Battery, Battery A, and Company F, 250th Brigade Support Battalion (the battalion's Forward Support Company) are also located in Morristown. Battery B is located in Flemington, Battery C is in Toms River, and the Fire Support Detachment is located in Freehold. 3-112 FAR is a M119A3 and M777A2-equipped composite FA battalion. - Headquarters Battery (Morristown) and Battery A (Morristown), 3d Battalion, each additionally entitled to: - War on Terrorism: Campaigns to be determined - 3d Battalion, each additionally entitled to: - 3d Battalion, additionally entitled to: - -",2023-08-26 17:21:18 -Chibune Station - Wikipedia,"Chibune Station (千船駅, Chibune-eki) is a railway station in Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. - - This Osaka Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:21 -Line call - Wikipedia,"In sports, a line call occurs when there is doubt as to whether a specific and significant event took place, for example, whether the ball in tennis touched the line rather than landing outside the court. - The phrase line call is more generally used to indicate any decision in which the correct course is uncertain. - The official rules of most sports indicate how line calls are to be resolved. The actual phrase line call may or may not appear in the official rules. - In cricket, uncertainty is generally resolved in the manner most favourable to the batsman. Thus, if the umpires are not sure whether a dismissal actually occurred, the batsman is deemed not out. Similarly, if the umpires are unsure as to whether the bowler's action was legal for a particular delivery, a no-ball is called. - - This sports-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:24 -Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Augustine - Wikipedia,"Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Augustine is a c.1494 painting by Perugino of the Madonna and Child enthroned between John the Apostle and Augustine of Hippo. It is in the church of Sant'Agostino in Cremona. It was commissioned in 1493 by the rich Roncadelli family, and the following year he painted it at his Florence studio before shipping it to Cremona. It is signed and dated on the throne Petrus Perusinus pinxit MCCCCLXXXXIIII (Peter of Perugia painted [this] 1494). - It was taken to France by the occupying forces after the Treaty of Tolentino in 1797 and returned in 1815. However, it was not put back in its original position on a side altar on the north side of the nave but on another side altar on the south side of the nave. It was restored in 1999. - This article about a fifteenth-century painting is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:28 -Sangiang - Wikipedia,"Sangiang is an island midway in the Sunda Strait between the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java. Administratively it is a part of Banten province of western Java. One current design for the ambitious Sunda Strait Bridge allows for part of the bridge to be built crossing the island. It is uninhabited due to its status as a nature preserve. - Colonial Dutch authorities called the island Dwars-in-den-weg ('Thwart-the-Way'; 'In the Way').[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas5°57′21″S 105°51′18″E / 5.95583°S 105.85500°E / -5.95583; 105.85500 - - This Banten location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:31 -"Glinsk, County Galway - Wikipedia"," - Glinsk (Irish: Gleann Uisce, meaning 'glen of the water') is a small village in County Galway, Ireland, between Creggs and Ballymoe. Glinsk is located approximately 68 km from Galway city and approximately 30 km from Roscommon. It is located in valley of the River Suck, which has a 60-mile hiking trail. Nearby is the Glinsk Castle ruin, built by Ulick Burke in the early 17th century. Also in the area is the ruins of Ballynakill Abbey, which dates from the early 13th century. See Burke Baronets. - The services found in Glinsk include a church, a shop, a pub and a GAA pitch. The community centre also houses a childcare centre which opened in 2009.[citation needed] The church is called St. Michael's Church and is situated beside the local primary school, Glinsk National School. -  WikiMiniAtlas53°22′25″N 9°49′11″W / 53.37361°N 9.81972°W / 53.37361; -9.81972 -",2023-08-26 17:21:34 -Japan-Taiwan Jingying - Wikipedia,"The Japan-Taiwan Jingying is a Go competition consisting of players from Japan and Taiwan. The style is a knockout with 16 players, eight each from Japan and Taiwan.[1] - This Go-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:37 -Mutiny Memorial - Wikipedia," - WikiMiniAtlas28°40′16″N 77°12′38″E / 28.67111°N 77.21056°E / 28.67111; 77.21056 - The Mutiny Memorial, now known as Ajitgarh, is a memorial situated on the Ridge New Delhi.[1][2] It was built in memory of all those who had fought in the Delhi Field Force, British and Indian, during the Indian Revolt of 1857.[3] - Erected by the Public Works Department at government expense in 1863 the memorial was hastily designed and constructed. It received much public criticism on completion. In 1972, the 25th anniversary of India's Independence, the Indian Government renamed the monument 'Ajitgarh' ('Place of the Unvanquished') and erected a plaque stating that the 'enemy' mentioned on the memorials were 'immortal martyrs for Indian freedom'.[4] - The memorial was built in the Gothic style in red sandstone, with four tiers rising from an octagonal base. The lowest tier consists of seven faces containing memorial plaques and one face holding the stairs to the upper tiers.[5] - The memorial was built to be just taller than the Ashoka Pillar, which is situated 200 metres (660 ft) away.[6] - The Mutiny Memorial is located in front of Old Telegraph Building, Kashmiri Gate. you can entre in the memorial by the entrance gate opposite to Bara Hindu Rao Hospital, near to Delhi University campus in New Delhi. -",2023-08-26 17:21:40 -Leader of the Opposition (Portugal) - Wikipedia," - The Leader of the Opposition (Portuguese: Líder da Oposição) is an unofficial, mostly conventional and honorary title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party in the Assembly of the Republic – the Portuguese parliament – not within the government; historically, since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, these have almost always been the Socialist and the Social Democratic parties. - Currently, the Socialist Party holds a majority government. The Opposition consists of the Social Democratic Party, Enough!, Liberal Initiative, the Portuguese Communist Party, the Left Bloc, People–Animals–Nature and LIVRE. - The current Leader of the Opposition is Luís Montenegro, since 3 July 2022, after having been elected President of the Social Democratic Party on the previous 28 May. - Due to its workings being based mostly on custom and convention, the Leader of the Opposition has a small official role, even though it is legally, honorifically, and nominally recognised. Law No. 40/2006, that establishes the order of precedence of public authorities in general official acts, places the Leader of the Opposition in eighth place in the list of precedences, only behind the President of the Republic, the legislative speaker, the sitting Prime Minister of Portugal, the presidents of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, the presidents of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Court of Auditors, former presidents of the Republic, and sitting government ministers.[1] - Even though the Leader of the Opposition is not entitled to a specific salary aside from the one they may have by reason of holding a public office on their own – such as that of deputy – the officeholder usually receives much more attention from the media in parliamentary sessions and activities. It is not, however, required for a Leader of the Opposition to hold the post of deputy in the Assembly of the Republic – Luís Montenegro, who currently leads the Opposition, holds no parliamentary seat[2] -",2023-08-26 17:21:45 -2001 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay - Wikipedia," - The women's 4 x 400 metres relay event at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at Olympisch Stadion on 15 July.[1][2][3] - 15 July - According to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event. -",2023-08-26 17:21:49 -Kosu - Wikipedia,"Kosu is a village in Kuusalu Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas59°24′N 25°28′E / 59.400°N 25.467°E / 59.400; 25.467 - - This Harju County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:21:53 -Sound of a Rebel - Wikipedia,"Sound of a Rebel is the fourth studio album by the Danish hip hop group Outlandish. It was released in Denmark on 11 May 2009. It is Outlandish's comeback album after four years of the band members working on solo projects. - * Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. - -",2023-08-26 17:21:57 -Pseudosenegalia - Wikipedia," - 2; see text - Pseudosenegalia is a small genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. It is endemic to Bolivia.[1] - The genus Pseudosenegalia comprises the following species:[1] -",2023-08-26 17:22:00 -2012 Asian Five Nations division tournaments - Wikipedia,"For main Top 5 Division, see: 2012 Asian Five Nations - The 2012 Asian Five Nations division tournaments, known as the 2012 HSBC Asian 5 Nations due to the tournament's sponsorship by the HSBC, refer to the divisions played within the tournament. This was the 5th series of the Asian Five Nations. - There were five divisions in the 2012 version who contested for a place in the Top 5 tournament. Who ever finished last place in a division was relegated, while the winner of a division was promoted. Last place in division 1 was replaced by the winner of division 2, winner of division 3 replaced last place in division 2, winner in division 4 replaced last in division 3 and winner in division 5 replaced last in division 4. - The teams involved, with their world rankings pre tournament, were: - Division 1 - Division 2 - Division 3 - Division 4 - Division 5 - For the first time, division one was held in a round-robin format. All games were played in Manila, Philippines on April 14–21, 2012.[1] The Philippines was promoted to the main division in 2013, while Singapore was relegated to division II for 2013.[2][3] - Points are awarded to the teams as follows: - [12] - [17] - [17] - Points are awarded to the teams as follows: -",2023-08-26 17:22:04 -Carlos Chacón Galindo - Wikipedia,"Carlos Chacón Galindo (12 December 1934 – 17 February 2021) was a Peruvian politician.[1] He served as Provincial Mayor for Cusco Province from 1967 to 1969 and again from 1987 to 1989. - Galindo studied at the Colegio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes del Cuzco [es] and the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco, where he served as the Dean of the College of Agriculture and Livestock from 1969 to 1974.[2] He also worked for the César Vallejo University beginning in the mid-2000s.[3][4] - In the 1966 Cusco municipal elections [es], Galindo ran for Provincial Mayor of Cusco Province as part of the coalition between the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance and the Odriist National Union, which he won with 43.299% of the vote. Twenty years later, he ran again for the seat of Provincial Mayor in the 1986 Cuzco municipal elections [es]. He won the seat once again, defeating United Left candidate Daniel Estrada. In the 1990 Peruvian general election, he ran for the Congress of the Republic of Peru, but failed to earn a seat after receiving only 1369 votes. In 2006, he ran for Congress again, hoping to represent the Department of Cuzco, but was again defeated after earning 950 votes.[5] - Carlos Chacón Galindo died in Lima on 17 February 2021 at the age of 86. - This article about a mayor in Peru is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:08 -Sergey Kotenko - Wikipedia,"Sergey Vladimirovich Kotenko (born 2 December 1956 in Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR) is a Kazakhstani former water polo player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics, in the 1980 Summer Olympics, and in the 1988 Summer Olympics.[1] - - This biographical article relating to a Kazakhstani water polo figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a Soviet Olympic medalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to a Soviet water polo figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:11 -Follin Horace Pickel - Wikipedia," -Follin Horace Pickel (November 17, 1866 – December 22, 1949) was a Quebec physician and politician. - He was born in Sweetsburg, Canada East to Horace Darius Pickle who was High Constable of Bedford district and Ruhama Benham.[1] - Pickel attended Bishop's College, graduating in 1888, after which he established his medical practice in Sweetsburg. From 1897 to 1900 he returned to Bishop's to study law but returned to the practice of medicine in 1901 and continued his practice until his death.[1] - In 1910, he and a group of other doctors established the District of Bedford General Hospital, the first hospital in town. He served as president of the board of governors from 1912 to 1922.[1] - He served as mayor of Sweetsburg for more than 40 years and attempted to win a seat in the House of Commons of Canada on a number of occasions. He was an unsuccessful Conservative candidate in Missisquoi in the 1908 federal election losing by 18 votes and lost again in the 1911 federal election. He ran again as a Conservative in Brome—Missisquoi in the 1925 and 1926 federal elections, losing both times, before winning election as an MP in the 1930 federal election. He was defeated when he re-election in 1935.[1] - - This article about a Quebec Member of Parliament from the Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a mayor in Quebec is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:14 -Marjorie Elliott Sypher - Wikipedia," - Marjorie Elliott Sypher de Oduber (24 January 1925 – 16 April 2015) was a Canadian-born Costa Rican musician and public figure. She served as the First Lady of Costa Rica from 1974 to 1978 during the administration of her husband, former President Daniel Oduber Quirós.[1][2] - She was born Marjorie Elliot Sypher in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, in 1925.[1] She married Daniel Oduber Quirós, the future President of Costa Rica, in 1948. The couple had two children, Luis Adrian and Ana María.[1] Daniel Oduber died on October 13, 1991, at the age of 70. - Marjorie Elliot Sypher died in San José, Costa Rica, on April 16, 2015, at the age of 90.[1][2] -Her brother was Fraser Elliott, a prominent Canadian lawyer. - This article about a Costa Rican politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:18 -1787 in Russia - Wikipedia,"Events from the year 1787 in Russia - Media related to 1787 in Russia at Wikimedia Commons - - This Russian history–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:23 -The Vaughans - Wikipedia,"The Vaughans were an Australian musical group. They released one studio album, and their single, ""Who Farted?"", reached number 43 in Australia in 1995. - The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987. -",2023-08-26 17:22:26 -Takae Itō (Hyōgo Prefecture politician) - Wikipedia,"Takae Itō (born January 13, 1968, in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese politician who has served as a member of the House of Councillors of Japan since 2016. She represents the Hyogo at-large district and is a member of the Komeito party.[1] - - This article about a Japanese politician born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:30 -Marquis Ai of Cai - Wikipedia,"Marquis Ai of Cai (蔡哀侯) (died 675 BC), born Jī Xiànwǔ (姫獻舞), was the thirteenth ruler of the State of Cai from 695 BC to 675 BC. He was the only known son of Marquis Huan of Cai (蔡桓侯), his predecessor. His reign was a period of 20 years. In the autumn of 684 BC, King Wen of Chu conquered the State of Cai and took the reigning Marquis as a prisoner of war. But King Wen of Chu restored the state after Marquis Ai praised Madam Xī (息妫). He was succeeded by his son. -",2023-08-26 17:22:33 -Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine - Wikipedia,"Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) is an organic compound used as a rodenticide (rat poison).[2] It is an odorless, tasteless white powder that is slightly soluble in water, DMSO and acetone, and insoluble in methanol and ethanol. It is a sulfamide derivative. It can be synthesized by reacting sulfamide with formaldehyde under acidic condition.[3] When crystallized from acetone, it forms cubic crystals with a melting point of 255–260 °C. - TETS is a neurotoxin and convulsant,[4] causing lethal convulsions.[5] Its effect is similar to but stronger than picrotoxin, a GABA-A receptor antagonist widely used in research. As one of the most hazardous pesticides, it is 100 times more toxic than potassium cyanide. TETS binds to neuronal GABA gated chloride channels, often causing status epilepticus. No antidote is known. The lethal dose for humans is 7–10 mg. Poisoning is diagnosed by GC-MS and the treatment is mainly supportive, with large IV doses of a benzodiazepine (e.g clonazepam) and pyridoxine to control symptoms.[6] TETS is sequestered in tissues of poisoned birds and can thus pose severe risk of secondary poisoning.[citation needed] - Previous research has documented the effectiveness of Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine against mice. The dangers of this chemical were first suspected in 1949.[7] The U.S. Forest Service, looking to protect tree seeds for reforestation, noted its lethal effect against the rodent populations. Rather than repel wandering scavengers, the chemical was proved to be toxic to the local rodent population for up to 4 years. Continued experiments conducted by the U.S. Forest Service found no direct effect between TETS and the gastro-intestinal or renal systems of spinal dogs. In this same study, no effects were seen within the peripheral or skeletal nerve system, limiting symptoms of toxicity to the brain stem. Curtis and Johnson were the first to hypothesize TETS antagonistic behavior on GABA. An in-vitro study using superior cervical ganglion neurons of rats found TETS to antagonize the depolarization actions of GABA, while having no influence on the cholinomimetic agent carbachol. This evidence suggests that TETS may act as a non-competitive inhibitor for GABA. Further research findings using crustacean models, indicated a dose-dependent, non-competitive response to TETS that is reversible. - Recent studies have indicated the usefulness of pH sensitivity in identifying Chloride ion influx, resulting from GABAA receptor excitation. Other potential screening tools include spontaneous Calcium ion oscillations seen in hippocampal cell cultures from new born mice. This phenomenon can be measured by Calcium ion sensitive fluorescent dye. Further analyses showed that these Calcium ion oscillations are sensitive to MK-801 (an NMDA open channel blocker), suggesting that NMDA receptor operated channels are involved in TMDT induced spontaneous activity. When considering GABAA receptor activity, diazepam and pregnanolone reversed TMDT activity when applied to cell cultures individually and in combination. MK-801 and ketamine show more antagonistic effects on TMDT than diazepam within cerebral cortical cell cultures of embryonic rats. - Low dosages of ketamine and MK-801, administered separately, were associated with increased clonic seizures with no effect on tonic clonic seizures on mice exposed to TETS. Further analysis on the same sample of mice, found that dual administration of diazepine and MK-801 had a synergistic protective effect against tonic-clonic seizures and 24-hour lethality, as opposed to clonic seizures that were poorly controlled. Sequential administration diazepine and MK-801 for clonic control of seizures in TETS exposed mice, may indicate the benefits of benzodiazepine-NMDA receptor antagonist regimens used to treat TETS exposed patients. - Its use worldwide has been banned since 1984, but due to continuing demand and its ease of production,[8][9] it is still readily, although illegally, available in China and can be found in some illegally imported rat poisons. The best known Chinese rodenticide, containing about 6–20% TETS, is Dushuqiang, ""very strong rat poison"". It has been used for mass poisonings in China: in April 2004, there were 74 casualties after eating scallion-flavored pancakes tainted by their vendor's competitor; and in September 2002, 400 people were poisoned and 38 died from contaminated food.[10][11] In 2002, there was one documented case of accidental poisoning in the US.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:22:36 -Lunenburg Historic District - Wikipedia," - The Lunenburg Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic center of Lunenburg, Massachusetts.[2] The district is centered on a stretch of Main Street which connects two triangular intersections. It includes many of the town's oldest buildings, including the c. 1724 Cushing House, and the c. 1730 Stillman Stone House. Three of the town's most significant institutional buildings were built before 1850: the town hall (a former Unitarian church), the Congregational church, and the Methodist church.[3] The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.[1] - Lunenburg was settled in 1718 and incorporated in 1728. For most of its history before World War I, it was a rural agrarian community, bypassed by industrialization due to a lack of good water power, and by improved transportation methods such as the railroad. The town center was laid out on a piece of high ground near its geographic center known as Turkey Hill, and is now defined mainly by the junction of Massachusetts Avenue (Massachusetts Route 2A) with Leominster Road and Lancaster Avenue. The town green, where its early colonial meeting house was the focus of civic life, is located just south of this junction, bounded by Leominster Road, Lancaster Avenue, and Whiting Avenue. Small cottage industries contributed to the town center's development most notably an early bookbinding business (producing Bibles despite the banning of their printing in British colonies) and barrel making. The town center's place as the focus of civic life was cemented in the mid-19th century by the construction of several churches, one of which (a former Greek Revival Unitarian Church) now serves as town hall.[4] - The district is 102 acres (41 ha) in size, and includes 77 historically significant buildings. It extends for some distance along the roads radiating away from the common, as well as Massachusetts Avenue to the east and west, and Main and Highland Streets to the north. Most of the buildings in it are residential and of wood frame construction. Historic brick buildings include an 1835 district schoolhouse. Most of the buildings are in vernacular styles popular at the time of their construction, with the Greek Revival and Federal period particularly well-represented.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:22:40 -Hélène Edlund - Wikipedia,"Hélène Sofie Edlund (20 October 1858 – 30 June 1941) was a Swedish photographer.[1] - In the 1890s, Edlund collaborated with Artur Hazelius documenting the buildings and nature of Skansen.[1] - Her nineteenth century photographs of folk costume are used to decorate locker doors in the Nordic Museum.[2] - - - This Swedish biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:44 -Piotr Kirpsza - Wikipedia," - Piotr Kirpsza (born 27 May 1989) is a Polish former professional racing cyclist.[1] He rode at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships. - This biographical article relating to Polish cycling is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:48 -NiSource - Wikipedia,"NiSource Inc. is one of the largest fully regulated utility companies in the United States, serving approximately 3.5 million natural gas customers and 500,000 electric customers across six states through its local Columbia Gas and NIPSCO brands. The company, based in Merrillville, Indiana, has more than 8,000 employees. As of 2018, NiSource is the sole Indiana-based utility company. - NiSource was founded in 1912 as the Northern Indiana Public Service Company, which merged with several other companies to become the Columbia Gas and Electric Corporation. Under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, Columbia was forced to reorganize its subsidiaries and eventually spun off its electric utilities, becoming the Columbia Gas System. In 2000, NiSource merged with Columbia Energy Group, but in 2015, NiSource was spun off from Columbia Pipeline Group.[2][3] The next year, Columbia Pipeline Group was acquired by TransCanada Corporation, while the Columbia Gas distribution companies remained with Nisource. - NiSource's natural gas utilities provide domestically produced supplies of natural gas to residential, commercial and industrial customers via nearly 60,000 miles of pipeline and related facilities in six states: Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. - NiSource provides electric energy to nearly 500,000 customers, all located in northern Indiana. NiSource's electric operations include power generation, transmission and local distribution, as well as wholesale and electric transmission transactions. NiSource uses both traditional and renewable generation sources, including natural gas, hydroelectric, wind, and coal generated supplies, providing a total system operating net capability of more than 3,000 megawatts. - NiSource has had a climate change policy in place since 2009.[4] - In 2015, NiSource was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability—North America Index for the second year in a row and for the ninth time since 1999.[5] - NiSource operates seven local utilities in its service region: - On July 1, 2015, NiSource separated Columbia Pipeline Group (NYSE: CPGX) into a stand-alone publicly traded company. Each NiSource shareholder at the time of the separation received one share of Columbia Pipeline Group for each share of NiSource. The separation of Columbia Pipeline Group included Columbia Gas Transmission, Columbia Gulf Transmission, Columbia Midstream Group, its ownership in Columbia Pipeline Partners (NYSE: CPPL), and other natural gas pipeline, storage and midstream holdings.[6] - In January 2019, the company announced that it would accelerate retirement of its five coal-fired units, and focus on ""renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind energy, along with battery storage technology,"" as part of an initiative titled ""Your Energy, Your Future"", with a goal of ""reducing carbon emissions by more than 90 percent by 2028.""[7][8] - In December 2011, the progressive activist group Public Campaign criticized NiSource for spending $1.83 million on lobbying and not paying any taxes during 2008–2010, instead getting $227 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $1.4 billion. Public Campaign further lambasted NiSource for increasing executive pay by 33% to $11.2 million in 2010 for its top five executives.[9] One rule NiSource, among other companies, benefited from was a bonus depreciation rule that lowered the federal tax expense. - NiSource responded by stating: ""This law, enacted by Congress, encouraged companies like NiSource to accelerate capital investments to spur economic recovery by permitting portions of these investments to be deducted at an accelerated rate. Only the timing of the deductions was changed, and not the amount that could be deducted. This means our income tax expense will likely be higher in the future.""[10] - On September 13, 2018, 80 homes in Andover, Massachusetts, Lawrence, Massachusetts, and North Andover, Massachusetts, simultaneously exploded and caught fire due to issues with gas lines owned by Columbia Gas of Massachusetts,[11][12] a subsidiary of NiSource. -At least 25 people were injured and one was killed; residents from parts of three towns had to be evacuated for a few days and electricity service turned off until the area was inspected for gas. Gas service to 8,600 customers was disrupted, in some cases for months. Columbia Gas admitted that maintenance workers mishandled sensors that monitored gas line pressure, and pled guilty to violating the federal Pipeline Safety Act. The company paid a fine of $53 million, in addition to a $143 million settlement with residents and businesses, $83 million paid to municipalities, undisclosed amounts paid for injuries and one death, and direct spending on replacing damaged pipelines and appliances. NiSource agreed to sell its Massachusetts gas business to competitor Eversource, at a loss compared to what it paid to acquire Columbia Gas.[13] -",2023-08-26 17:22:52 -Tommy Grant (ice hockey) - Wikipedia," - Tommy Grant (born August 29, 1986) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He last played professionally for the Aalborg Pirates in the Metal Ligaen. - On March 29, 2011, the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League signed Grant as an undrafted free agent to a two-year entry-level contract. - On January 16, 2013, the Rangers traded Grant to the San Jose Sharks, along with a conditional pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, in exchange for Brandon Mashinter.[1] Grant played with the Sharks affiliates, the Worcester Sharks and the San Francisco Bulls before he was not tendered a qualifying offer at season's end, releasing him to free agency.[2] - During the 2013–14 season, Grant served as an Alternate captain for the Idaho Steelheads of the ECHL, contributing with 23 goals and 50 points in 64 games.[3] - On June 11, 2014, Grant pursued a European career, agreeing to a one-year contract with Aalborg Pirates of the Danish Metal Ligaen.[4] - - This biographical article relating to a Canadian ice hockey winger born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:56 -Sikar Junction railway station - Wikipedia," - Sikar Junction railway station is a model railway station in Sikar district, Rajasthan. Its code is SIKR. It serves Sikar city. - The station consists of four platforms. Sikar is connected through a broad-gauge railway line section to Delhi, Churu and Jaipur. And there is a proposal since 10 years for a new line Sikar to Nokha via Sujangarh. - - This article about a railway station in the Indian state of Rajasthan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:22:59 -Menkhoaneng - Wikipedia,"Menkhoaneng is a community council located in the Leribe District of Lesotho. Its population in 2006 was 22,502.[3] - The community of Menkhoaneng includes the villages of: - [4] - This Lesotho location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:23:02 -Lavochkin La-17 - Wikipedia,"The Lavochkin La-17 was the first Soviet unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach operational service. The first versions were developed in the early 1950s, and remained in service into the 1980s. - The La-17 was designed by the Lavochkin design bureau, with work beginning in 1950. Flight tests began in 1953, with prototype drones carried on a Tupolev Tu-4 four-engine bomber. La-17 production began in 1956. - The La-17 was a jet drone of all-metal construction, with straight flight surfaces, and a jet engine carried in a nacelle under the fuselage. The initial variant, which was just known as the ""La-17"", was air-launched. and powered by a Bondaryuk RD-900 ramjet with 800 kgf (1,760 lbf) thrust. There was a ""windmill"" type electric generator in the nose, somewhat along the lines of the WW II-era Luftwaffe's Me 163 manned rocket interceptor to provide electric power. The La-17 was directed by radio control and simply ""bellied in"" to land, with the engine taking the abuse of the touchdown. The ramjet was strictly expendable and easily replaced. The drone could carry Luneburg lenses to give an enhanced radar signature. - The original La-17 was only marginally effective, and air launch was expensive and logistically clumsy, making simulations of ""mass attacks"" with drones difficult at best. The ramjet engine was thirsty, resulting in such short endurance that if a fighter pilot missed the drone on his first pass, it would have run out of fuel before he could come around again. To address these problems, Lavochkin engineers came up with a ground-launched variant, the La-17M, which performed its initial flights in 1959 and went into service in 1960. The La-17M was launched using a RATO booster under each wing root, from a four-wheel towed launcher derived from the carriage of a standard 100 millimeter antiaircraft gun. - The La-17M was powered by a Mikulin RD-9BK turbojet with 1,950 kgf (4,300 lbf) thrust; the RD-9BK was a derated, non-afterburning, and simplified version of the RD-9B engine used on the MiG-19 fighter. There were teardrop fairings on the wingtips used for compressed air that would be fed to the engine to improve the flight ceiling. Flight endurance improved from the 40 minutes of the La-17 to 60 minutes. As with the La-17, the La-17M bellied in to land. - Early production La-17Ms did not have an autopilot, so were quickly replaced by the La-17MA, which did. Later production featured the RD-9BKR engine, with the same performance as the RD-9BK but with some minor changes to permit low-level operation, and a service life improved from 15 to 30 hours. They also featured an improved landing control system that caused the UAV to ""nose up"" before touchdown, as well as a landing skid under the engine nacelle. These two refinements permitted landings with much less risk of engine damage. These machines were designated La-17MM and went into service in 1964. - A number of old ramjet-powered La-17s were updated for ground launch, with the twin RATO boosters and some airframe reinforcements. These drones were redesignated La-17n. - Early on, development work was initiated to use the ramjet-powered La-17 as the basis for an air-launched reconnaissance drone, but because of the model's deficiencies, it did not happen. However, a ground-launched battlefield reconnaissance drone based on the La-17MM, the La-17R, was introduced in 1962. It featured a nose stretched by 54 cm (22 in) to accommodate a reconnaissance payload. Ultimately a number of different payloads were developed, including high resolution or wide area film cameras, a real-time TV camera, and a radiation monitoring instrument. The La-17R did not have the wingtip compressed air pods for high altitude operation. An improved version of the La-17R, the La-17RM, was introduced in 1965, featuring some of the refinements of the La-17MM target drone. - The evolution of the target and reconnaissance variants of the La-17 progressed along two paths, with the result that commonality between the two branches of the family diverged. In order to rationalize production and logistics, a target drone designated the La-17UM and a reconnaissance drone designated the La-17RU were manufactured that were designed for the maximum parts commonality. - These were the last La-17s built by the Lavochkin OKB, but not the last La-17s built in the USSR. The Lavochkin OKB became more and more involved in the development of space systems and the production of La-17s proceeded on ""autopilot"" into the late 1970s, until availability of RD-9BK engines was exhausted, so that it was no longer possible to build the La-17 as it was. - A group of Soviet aerospace organizations then came up with the R11K, an expendable non-afterburning version of the Tumanskiy R11F-300 turbojet, used on first-generation Mikoyan MiG-21 fighters, and the La-17 was redesigned to be fitted with this engine. The Sokol design bureau (OKB) began production of this reengined La-17 in the late 1970s. To the armed services it was still an La-17MM, but had an internal OKB designation of La-17K. The R11K engines were rebuilds of retired R11F-300 engines. - The La-17K remained in production into the early 1990s. It apparently remains in lingering use in Russian service. - It does not appear that the La-17 family was widely exported, though La-17RM reconnaissance drones were exported to Syria in the 1980s. - The Chinese also obtained the La-17, and in fact built it themselves, though not under a license agreement. In the late 1950s, a number of La-17s had been handed over to the People's Republic of China. When stocks began running low in the later half of the 1960s, when relations with the USSR were generally poor, an effort was begun to reverse engineer the La-17 and build it in China. The resulting product, the Chang Kong (Blue Sky) CK-1, was introduced to service in 1966. It was powered by the WP-6 engine, which was a Chinese copy of the RD-9B and featured some system changes from the original La-17s used as a pattern. It also featured a parachute recovery system. - The CK-1 was quickly followed by the CK-1A, which had underwing pods for additional kit. A CK-1B was introduced into service in 1983 that was optimized for low-level flight and had non-jettisonable underwing fuel tanks. It was followed by the CK-1C, with a much improved control system to provide much more maneuverability, as well as reinforcement to withstand maneuvering stresses. - A vintage example of the La-17 drone apparently is under restoration late in 2012, at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.[1] - General characteristics - Performance - - This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain. -",2023-08-26 17:23:06 -Rupa Bhawani - Wikipedia," -Mata Rupa Bhawani (c. 1621 – c. 1721 birth name: Alakheswari ) was a Kashmiri poet.[1] Bhawani was a 17th-century Hindu saint who lived in present-day Kashmir. - She was the daughter of Pandit Madhav Joo Dhar, a resident of Khankah-i-Shokta, Nawakadal (now Srinagar), in the early 17th century. He introduced her to the practices of yoga.[2] - Oral and written legend has it that Madhav Joo Dhar was an ardent devotee of Mata Sharika (Kali). He visited her temple daily at Hari Parvat to pray and asked for a daughter. Bhawani was born to Joo's wife on Poornamashi in the month of Zyeth (Jyeshta) in 1621. The exact year of her birth varies in a different account between 1620 and 1624. Bhawani followed her father in pursuit of God and spirituality. - Even after her marriage at an early age, she often visited Hari Parvat to perform her Sadhana at midnight. This raised questions about her, as a woman out on her own. Her mother-in-law and husband mistreated her. Ultimately, she left her in-law's house in the pursuit of God. - Bhawani performed her Sadhana in solitude at Chashme Shahbi, Manigam, at Ganderbal district in J&K Lar and Vaskura. These places, including her birthplace at Safa Kadal, are now famous as Ropa Bhawani Asthapanas. - Mata Rupa Bhawani died on maag gat’tu pachh satam in 1721 AD. This day became known as Sahib Saptami and is observed by Hindus in Kashmir.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:23:09 -Volcano Bay - Wikipedia," - Universal Volcano Bay Water Theme Park, or Volcano Bay, is a tropical-themed water theme park at Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida. Owned and operated by Universal Destinations & Experiences, Volcano Bay replaced Wet 'n Wild as Universal Orlando Resort's only water park, and it was the first water park constructed by Universal itself. The park, themed around a 200-foot-tall (61 m) artificial volcano named ""Krakatau"", opened on May 25, 2017. - Krakatau is a 200 feet (61 m) tall artificial volcano[3] and is the park's main icon that is displayed on the logo. The volcano houses three drop-capsule slides, Ko'okiri Body Plunge, the tallest body slide in America ranging at 125 feet tall,[4] and also the first to travel through a pool full of guests.[5] Krakatau also holds the Kala & Tai Nui Serpentine Body Slides which travel throughout the midst of the volcano, winding around the Krakatau Aqua Coaster. - The park uses a wearable under the name TapuTapu for payments and line queues.[6] The wearable, which can be used to hold one’s place is line, is distributed at the entrance to the park. TapuTapu allows for payment by linking a credit card through the Universal Orlando app to the wearable, allowing users to pay throughout the park for merchandise, food, and drinks. The wristbands can be used to interact with environmental features, set off water springs, or illuminate lights.[7] - In February 2015, Universal Orlando Resort officials submitted plans for a new water park attraction to be located on their property near the Cabana Bay Beach Resort.[8] Construction was already underway when Universal Orlando Resort officially announced the project, and its name, on May 28, 2015.[8] In June 2015, it was revealed that the park would replace the Universal-owned Wet 'n Wild water park, which closed on December 31, 2016.[9] - Volcano Bay was constructed on approximately 53 acres (21 ha) of the resort complex's overall property, and took an estimated US$600 million to build.[8][10] Artist's concepts showed a thrill slide coming from the park's central volcano, as well as a wave pool and other water slides.[8] A lazy river and rapids slide are also shown on the plans, although park officials stated they will reveal all of the park's planned attractions at a later date.[8][11] - On June 21, 2016, Universal Orlando Resort officials revealed additional details on Volcano Bay, including its debut attractions and its planned opening date of June 1, 2017.[12] On January 25, 2017, Universal Orlando Resort revealed that the Grand Opening ceremony would be on May 25, 2017.[2] - On May 25, 2017, Volcano Bay officially opened to the public.[13][14] - Volcano Bay's attractions are located in four themed areas, each inspired by various Polynesian islands and cultures.[15] The centerpiece of the park is ""Krakatau"", a 200-foot-tall (61 m) volcano that will have waterfalls during the day and lava flows at night created by the French company Aquatique Show.[12][15] - The area located in the park's signature volcano also includes a first-of-its-kind slide attraction.[12][15] - Wave Village is designed for sunbathing and relaxation and includes one and two-story cabanas that can be rented by visitors.[15] - The River Village area contains attractions for families and for younger visitors.[15] - The final section of the park contains a large number of thrill slides, including raft slides ridden with multiple riders.[15] - Volcano Bay's first few months of operation were met with mixed reviews on social media sites such as Yelp and TripAdvisor, with visitors praising the park's appearance and theming, while criticizing the lines and the TapuTapu ride reservation system.[20] Visitors complained about the long lines for the slides that could be reserved, which they say resulted in overcrowding in attractions that could not be reserved.[20] However, other visitors noted that they had better experiences arriving well before opening or later in the day.[20] A park spokesperson claimed that their internal surveys indicated guests were generally happy with the park.[20] - The park appeared in season 6, episode 23 of the truTV television show Impractical Jokers, “Take Me Out at the Ballgame”. Additionally, the park has also appeared in season 14 of Food Network's show Food Network Star,[21] as well as Top Chef Junior season 1, episode 13. - Official website -  WikiMiniAtlas28°27′41″N 81°28′23″W / 28.4614°N 81.4731°W / 28.4614; -81.4731 -",2023-08-26 17:23:12 -Mangum Mound Site - Wikipedia,"Mangum Mound Site (22 CB 584) is an archaeological site of the Plaquemine culture in Claiborne County, Mississippi. It is located at milepost 45.7 on the Natchez Trace Parkway.[1] Two very rare Mississippian culture repoussé copper plates have been discovered during excavations of the site. The site was used as a burial mound during the Foster Phase of the culture (1350 to 1500 CE) and is believed to have been abandoned before the 1540 expedition of Hernando de Soto.[2] - The burial mound was first investigated in 1936 by its owner Spurgeon C. Mangum, a farmer. Mangum found human remains, various pottery fragments belonging to the Plaquemine culture, chunkey stones, and three fragments of a repoussé copper plate with an avian design similar to other plates found throughout the American Midwest and Southeast. These portray the Birdman motif important to the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (SECC).[3] The site underwent a series of test excavations in April 1951 as part of the Natchez Trace Park Survey.[3] During these excavations, twelve extended burials and possibly one bundled burial were found.[4] - The site was excavated in 1963 for the National Park Service by archaeologist Charles F. Bohannon. Bohannon and his team found the burials of numerous individuals. One individual, believed to have been a woman in her late 30s, possessed markings on her bones which suggested to investigators that she suffered from multiple myeloma.[5] Bohannon excavated the remains of eighty-four individuals, of which more than half were bundled burials. Some of the bundles seemed little more than disarticulated piles of bones, and Bohannon came to believe they were earlier burials that had been moved to make way for new extended burials. Another copper plate was also found during these excavations.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:23:15 -Bipolar Explorer - Wikipedia," - Bipolar Explorer is an American dreampop band from New York City. Formed in its present state and genre by band co-founders Summer Serafin (vocals, spoken word) and Michael Serafin-Wells (guitars, bass guitar, percussion, vocals, spoken word), the group has released ten albums and seven singles on Slugg Records beginning with 2012's double-album ""Of Love and Loss"". The band became a trio with the addition of French spoken word artist Sylvia Solanas in 2018. - After an initial indie rock release – Go Negative (2005, Slugg Records) featuring former Uncle bandmates Michael Serafin-Wells (songwriter, guitars, bass guitar, vocals) and Yves Gerard (drums, backing vocals) – still very much in the style of their previous group, Bipolar Explorer changed direction and personnel re-configuring under the influence of co-founder and vocalist Summer Serafin. - Debuting the new sound in live performance at New York's Cooper Square Hotel, PopMatters described the band as ""eclectic, powerful and steadfast""[1] and the group began work on an EP recording for Slugg Records in Brooklyn. - Before it could be completed, on March 18, 2011, Ms. Serafin passed away after a tragic accident. She was just 31. - Many months later, armed with newly written songs post-tragedy, Serafin-Wells and the band returned to those recordings and in October 2012 released a double-album of, for and about Ms. Serafin. Entitled Of Love and Loss, Ground Control Magazine’s Daryl Darko Barnett pronounced it ""the most significantly stirring and addictive musical accomplishment we’ve come across in some time"", naming it to their Critics Poll of Best Albums of the Year. - At the end of 2014, the band released two albums in quick succession, a holiday one BPXmas on December 3, 2014, and Of Love and Loss’s follow-up, Angels on New Year's Day 2015. - Both critically acclaimed, NPR’s ""On Being""[2] noted the band's reworking holiday classics in their signature dream pop style and both albums began rotation on WFMU, notably finding favor with the station's legendary deejay Irene Trudel who called their sound ""great, beautiful drifty-pop"".[3] - Ground Control’s Daryl Darko Barnett wrote a feature about the former ""Bipolar Explorer Work a Double-Shift Through the Holidays"" and ended 2015 by naming Angels to his number one spot in the magazine's Best Albums of the Year round up, calling it ""electrifying -what music fueled by raw love and emotions sounds like"".[4] - In June 2016, the band released their fifth album, a collection of devotional songs and spoken word, both sacred and secular, described as ""a sonic prayer"" for their fallen bandmate, Ms. Serafin. Their first foray into the use of spoken word as a component of their sound, Serafin-Wells would return to its use, composing narrative poetry for a female voice and underscoring it with ambient, post-rock guitars in subsequent releases. Again, Ground Control hailed the work ""...Get ready to be swept up and away by a prayerful reverie of melodies. Listening, I began to feel like I was flying. Don't forget that Bipolar Explorer is a post-rock band. Low growling vocals, gnarly grinding tempos, rhythmic looping strands that escape and rise above the weight of this world, where angels and the living mingle...""[5] - Featuring album art by American artist Michael Creese, Electric Hymnal was released as a limited-edition CD only (no digital) and given away by the band to fans upon request as ""a gift of faith"". - On New Year's Day 2017, the band released their sixth album, Dream Together. WFMU’s Liz Berg featuring tracks on her show called it ""just a great record"".[6] Again, WFMU’s Irene Trudel, praising it as ""beautiful, full of sadness and wonder"".[7] The album made its way onto the charts of California's free-form KDVS, as well, starting as the station's No. 4 New Add the first week of January and rising to No. 18 overall in the weeks after.[8] - Reaching Europe, the album was praised by France's Indiemusic as ""Magical and majestic – an ultimate tour-de-force"".[9] - On February 20, 2017, the magazine's associate editor, Raphael Duprez, followed up with an interview with Michael. -In answer to a question about how he and the band continue in light of the tragic events of 2011 he replied, ""All of this is entirely for her. I often say that our music, each album, is of, for and about her. It's my way of telling people about her and talking to her myself. That's the ""for’ and ""about"" parts of the equation. And Summer remains an integral part of the band – not only as its inspiration but, because I have lots of her isolated vocals from other recording sessions – as her voice, both spoken and singing, graces each record. I'll write songs and fly in her voice. Summer isn't the main reason BPX goes on, she's the only reason. She is the reason. And I think I can trust that I'm doing things for the right reason if I always know the reason for it is her. Not out of any ambition other than to honor and conjure her. She's my conscience.""[10] - On New Year's Day 2018, the band released their seventh album, a double-album, called Sometimes in Dreams. Surface Noise's Joe McGasko called it ""Epic and affecting"",[11] the new album again found its way quickly onto playlists at WFMU, notably both Irene Trudel[12] and Gaylord Field's[13] shows, on Tuesday and Sunday nights, respectively. - On January 2, France's Indiemusic called the new album ""Unforgettable and essential. Have no doubt, this is a major record.""[14] - By May 2018, Sometimes in Dreams had reached the No. 19 position on WFMU's album charts, leading medium rotation and officially entered the North American College and Community Radio (NACC) charts, tracking college radio airplay in the US and Canada.[15] - In November 2018, the band's eighth album,Til Morning Is Nigh: A Dream of Christmas, was released. Featuring new additional instrumentation including synth, organ and melodica, the band also welcomed a new member, Sylvia Solanas, who voices spoken word[16] and with whom Serafin-Wells started a parallel dreampop band under the name Tremosphere. - As they started working on both an EP for Tremosphere and the Christmas album for Bipolar Explorer, Serafin-Wells got hit by a car in New York City, suffering from several severe injuries followed by a near-fatal pulmonary embolism, thus being hospitalized for several weeks.[citation needed] - Both albums were eventually recorded and released, Til Morning Is Nigh: A Dream of Christmas later than planned, at the end of 2018, and the Tremosphere EP turned into a full album, Interiors, in 2019, with Serafin-Wells still in convalescence. - Til Morning Is Nigh: A Dream of Christmas was well received, getting radio plays in Australia, as well as in America on WFMU, and in the UK on The Sound Projector Radio Show on London's Resonance FM.[17] - In July 2019 the band released their fifth single, The Dark Outside, The Light Within – composed and recorded for London's experimental radio show ""The Dark Outside"" and premiered in a special event broadcast on June 20, 2019, on London's 87.7fm.[18] - July 2019 also marked the group's Dutch radio debut on Radio Hoogeveen's post-rock show, De Mist,[19] and the completion of a six-part mini documentary about their eighth album – The Making of ""Til Morning Is Nigh"",[20] which premiered episodically August–September 2019 on the band's YouTube channel. - On November 13, 2020, the band released its ninth album, the double-album, Deux Anges. UK zine The Sound Projector found the record “steeped in a very wistful melancholy, a poignant longing - with allusions in the lyrics to the afterlife, heaven, angels, mortality, ghosts, miracles - and the gentle, lulling pull of their mesmerizing songs.”[21] -Deux Anges was named to multiple Best Albums of the Year lists - including Resonance FM's “Fog Cast”,[22] Radio Hoogeveen’s “De Mist”,[23] The Irene Trudel Show[24] WFMU and that of BBC 3 /Soho Radio’s broadcaster Max Reinhardt.[25] Deux Anges reached the Heavily Played radio charts of both California’s KFJC[26] - who premiered the album during a three hour special about the band on September 19, 2020 - and WFMU,[27] where it stayed at the #23 spot seven months after its release. - On December 1, 2021, the band released their tenth album Forests, Voices, Coastlines, Dreams: Recordings for The Dark Outside comprising the seven experimental music pieces Serafin-Wells -composed and the band recorded for the UK’s Dark Outside radio project between 2019 and 2021. WFMU DJ Irene Trudel, called it “Wondrous! A great album!”[28] - Forests also found airplay on both London’s Resonance FM and Soho Radio. On December 17, 2021,BBC 3 and Soho Radio broadcaster Max Reinhardt reviewed the new album on air, pronouncing it “Sublime. Maybe their finest. Brilliant. Brilliant.”[29] - France’s CAMP Radio (cited by The Wire in their 100 Essential Online Stations feature[30]), offered the band, in November 2021, their own monthly show. The first episode of Bipolar Explorer’s “The Other Room”, a monthly one-hour program of ""experimental and ambient music, field recordings and otherness” aired on January 4, 2022,[31] and can be found, archived, as future broadcasts will be, on the station’s MixCloud page.[32] -",2023-08-26 17:23:19 -Lyubov Popova - Wikipedia,"Lyubov Sergeyevna Popova (Russian: Любо́вь Серге́евна Попо́ва; April 24, 1889 – May 25, 1924) was a Russian-Soviet avant-garde artist, painter and designer. - Popova was born in Ivanovskoe, near Moscow, to the wealthy family of Sergei Maximovich Popov, a very successful textile merchant and vigorous patron of the arts, and Lyubov Vasilievna Zubova, who came from a highly cultured family. Lyubov Sergeyevna had two brothers and a sister: Sergei was the eldest, then Lyubov, Pavel and Olga. Pavel became a philosopher and the guardian of his sister's artistic legacy.[1] - Popova grew up with a strong interest in art, especially Italian Renaissance painting. At eleven years old she began formal art lessons at home; she was first enrolled in Yaltinskaia's Women's Gymnasium, then in Arseneva's Gymnasium in Moscow.[2] By the age of 18 she was studying with Stanislav Zhukovsky, and in 1908 entered the private studios of Konstantin Yuon and Ivan Dudin. In 1912 to 1913, she began attending the studios of the Cubist painters Henri Le Fauconnier and Jean Metzinger at Académie de La Palette in Paris.[2] - Popova traveled widely to investigate and learn from diverse styles of painting, but it was the ancient Russian icons, the paintings of Giotto, and the works of the 15th- and 16th-century Italian painters which interested her the most. - In 1909 she traveled to Kiev, then in 1910 to Pskov and Novgorod. The following year she visited other ancient Russian cities, including St. Petersburg, to study icons. In 1912 she worked in a Moscow studio known as ""The Tower"" with Ivan Aksenov and Vladimir Tatlin, and also visited Sergei Shchukin's collection of modern French paintings. - In 1912–1913 she studied art with Nadezhda Udaltsova in Paris, where she met Alexander Archipenko and Ossip Zadkine in 1913. After returning to Russia that same year, she worked with Tatlin, Udaltsova and the Vesnin brothers. - In 1914 she traveled in France and Italy at the development of Cubism and Futurism.[3] - Popova was one of the first female pioneers in Cubo-Futurism.[4] Through a synthesis of styles she worked towards what she termed painterly architectonics. After first exploring Impressionism, by 1913, in Composition with Figures, she was experimenting with the particularly Russian development of Cubo-Futurism: a fusion of two equal influences from France and Italy. - From 1914 to 1915 her Moscow home became the meeting-place for artists and writers. In 1914–1916 Popova together with other avant-garde artists (Aleksandra Ekster, Nadezhda Udaltsova, Olga Rozanova) contributed to the two Knave of Diamonds exhibitions, in Petrograd Tramway V and the 0.10, The Store in Moscow. An analysis of Popova's cubo-futurist work also suggests an affinity with the work of Fernand Leger, whose geometry of tubular and conical forms in his series of paintings from 1913 to 1914 is similar to that in Popova's paintings.[1] - Her painting The Violin of 1914 suggests the development from Cubism towards the ""painterly architectonics"" series of 1916–1918. This series defined her distinct artistic trajectory in abstract form. The canvas surface is an energy field of overlapping and intersecting angular planes in a constant state of potential release of energy. At the same time the elements are held in a balanced and proportioned whole as if linking the compositions of the classical past to the future. Color is used as the iconic focus; the strong primary color at the center drawing the outer shapes together. - In 1916 she joined the Supremus group with Kazimir Malevich, the founder of Suprematism, Aleksandra Ekster, Ivan Kliun, Nadezhda Udaltsova, Olga Rozanova, Ivan Puni, Nina Genke, Ksenia Boguslavskaya and others who at this time worked in Verbovka Village Folk Centre. The creation of a new kind of painting was part of the revolutionary urge of the Russian avant-garde to remake the world. The term 'supreme' refers to a 'non-objective' or abstract world beyond that of everyday reality. -However, there was a tension between those who, like Malevich, saw art as a spiritual quest, and others who responded to the need for the artist to create a new physical world.[5] Popova embraced both of these ideals but eventually identified herself entirely with the aims of the Revolution working in poster, book design, fabric and theatre design, as well as teaching. At 0.10 she had exhibited a number of figurative painted cardboard reliefs in a cubist derived style. In 1916 she began to paint completely abstract Suprematist compositions, but the title ""Painterly Architectonics"" (which she gave to many of her paintings) suggests that, even as a Suprematist, Popova was more interested in painting as a projection of material reality than as the personal expression of a metaphysical reality. Popova's superimposed planes and strong color have the objective presence of actual space and materials.[6][7] - In 1918 Popova married the art historian Boris von Eding, and gave birth to a son. Von Eding died the following year of typhoid fever. Popova was also seriously ill but recovered. - As early as 1917, in parallel with her Suprematist work, the artist had made fabric designs and worked on Agitprop books and posters, In the Tenth State Exhibition: Non Objective Creativity and Suprematism, 1918, she contributed the architectonic series of paintings. She continued painting advanced abstract works until 1921. In the 5x5=25 Exhibition of 1921,[8] Popova and her four fellow Constructivists declared that easel painting was to be abandoned and all creative work was to be for the people and the making of the new society. Popova worked in a broad range of mediums and disciplines, including painting, relief, works on paper, and designs for the theater, textiles, and typography. Popova did not join the Working Group of Constructivists when it was set up in Moscow in March 1921, but joined by the end of 1921. In 1923 she began creating designs for fabric to be manufactured by the First State Textile Printing Works in Moscow.[9] - From 1921 to 1924 Popova became entirely involved in Constructivist projects, sometimes in collaboration with Varvara Stepanova, the architect Alexander Vesnin and Alexander Rodchenko. She produced stage designs: Vsevolod Meyerhold's production of Fernand Crommelynck's The Magnanimous Cuckold, 1922; her Spatial Force Constructions were used as the basis of her art teaching theory at Vkhutemas. She designed typography of books, production art and textiles, and contributed designs for dresses to LEF. - She worked briefly in the Cotton Printing Factory in Moscow with Varvara Stepanova. - Popova died at the peak of her artistic powers two days after the death of her son, from whom she had contracted scarlet fever in 1924 in Moscow. A large exhibition of her work opened in Moscow from December 21, 1924, to January 1925, at Stroganov Institute, Moscow. The exhibition included Popova's works such as seventy-seven paintings, as well as books, posters, textile designs, and line engravings. ""Artist-Constructor"" was the term applied to Popova by her contemporaries in the catalogue of the artist's posthumous exhibition.[10] - Rodchenko/Popova: Defining Constructivism, an exhibition of the work of Popova, Rodchenko, and other Constructivists was shown at Tate Modern, London, in 2009,[11] and subsequently at Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid. - Air+Man+Space, 1912, Oil on canvas, 125 x 107 cm, The State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg - Lyubov Popova, Untitled, 1915, Oil on canvas, 106.4 × 71.1 cm (41.9 × 28 in), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York Gift, George Costakis, 1981 Guggenheim Museum - Lyubov Popova, Birsk, 1916, Oil on canvas, 106 × 69.5 cm (41.7 × 27.4 in), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York Gift, George Costakis, 1981 Guggenheim Museum -",2023-08-26 17:23:22 -Randy Jackson (running back) - Wikipedia,"Randy Joe Jackson (November 13, 1948 – July 21, 2010) was an American football running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Buffalo Bills, the San Francisco 49ers, and the Philadelphia Eagles, having played college football at Wichita State University. After retiring, he taught physical education and coached basketball at Robinson Middle School (Wichita, Kansas) for more than 30 years. - Randy Jackson was one of nine survivors of the Wichita State University football team plane crash. - He died on July 21, 2010, at the age of 61 from pancreatic cancer. - - This biographical article relating to an American football running back born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:23:25 -SPD Bavaria - Wikipedia,"The SPD Bavaria (SPD Bayern, own spelling BayernSPD, full name Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD), Landesverband Bayern,[1] Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), State Association of Bavaria) is the Bavarian State Association of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 2022, it was the second largest state association of a party in Bavaria with 52,000 members.[2] - The party's co-chairs are Ronja Endres and Florian von Brunn.[3] - The SPD Bavaria has a rich history, which dates back to 1866, when a workers' education club in Nuremberg was founded as the first Social Democratic institution.[4] In 1881, Karl Grillenberger won the first Reichstag mandate for the SPD in Bavaria, also in Nuremberg. 1887 the SPD (still not under this name) in the Kingdom of Bavaria joined for the first time the election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom, and received 2.1 percent of the vote, but no seat.[5] In 1888, the Social Democratic newspaper of Münchener Post was founded. - The history of the SPD Bayern as a separate organization began with the first party conference of the SPD in Bavaria, which met on the initiative of Georg von Vollmar in 1892 in Reinhausen near Regensburg. The party congress decided that the SPD would take part in the state elections in 1893 and passed an election program.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:23:29 -Deborah Butterfield - Wikipedia," - Deborah Kay Butterfield (born May 7, 1949) is an American sculptor. Along with her artist-husband John Buck, she divides her time between a farm in Bozeman, Montana, and studio space in Hawaii. She is known for her sculptures of horses made from found objects, like metal, and especially pieces of wood.[1] - Born the same day as the 75th running of the Kentucky Derby (May 7, 1949), Butterfield partly credits that birthdate as an inspiration for her subject matter;[2] she has also said that she would have preferred to work in the female form, but that her mentor Manuel Neri dominated that form. Instead, she chose to create metaphorical self-portraits using images of horses. Gradually, the horses themselves became her primary theme. Butterfield earned her bachelor's degree (1972) at the University of California, Davis with Honors[3] and a Master of Fine Arts (1973) at the University of California, Davis, where she met her husband, artist John Buck, whom she married in 1974.[1] - Butterfield taught sculpture at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and at Montana State University – Bozeman from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s.[4] Since 1986, Butterfield has spent her summers in Montana, and winters in Hawaii.[5] - Butterfield's work has been exhibited widely and there is demand among art collectors for her sculptures. Her earliest works from the mid-1970s were made from sticks and natural detritus gathered on her property in Bozeman, Montana. ""The materials and images were meant to suggest that the horses were both figures and ground, merging external world with the subject.""[6] She began crafting horses out of scrap metal and cast bronze in the early 1980s. She would sculpt a piece using wood and other materials fastened together with wire, then photograph the piece from all angles so as to be able to reassemble the piece in metal.[1] - Butterfield has said, ""I first used the horse images as a metaphorical substitute for myself – it was a way of doing a self-portrait one step removed from the specificity of Deborah Butterfield.""[7] She also said, ""These first horses were huge plaster mares whose presence was extremely gentle calm. They were at rest, and in complete opposition to the raging warhorse (stallion) that represents most equine sculpture. The next series of horses was made of mud and sticks and suggested that its forms were left clotted together after the river flooded and subsided. the pieces were dark and almost sinister, reflecting the realization that I was perhaps more like the warhorse than the quiet mares. For me they represented the process of attitudes and feelings taking shape after a flood of experiences. The materials and images were to suggest that the horses were both figure and ground, merging external world with the subject.""[3] - As critic Grace Glueck wrote in The New York Times in 2004, ""By now Deborah Butterfield's skeletal horses, fashioned of found wood, metal and other detritus, are familiar to almost a generation of gallerygoers. Yet they still have a freshness, which comes from the artist's regard for them as individuals. In fact, training, riding and bonding with horses, as she does at her Montana farm, she thinks of them as personifications of herself ... They seem to express the very spirit of equine existence.""[8] - Butterfield has said that her horses are intended to make a feminist statement. ""I wanted to do these big, beautiful mares that were as strong and imposing as stallions but capable of creation and nourishing life. It was a very personal feminist statement.""[9] - Deborah Butterfield is represented by Marlborough Gallery, New York; Anglim Gilbert Gallery, San Francisco; Greg Kucera Gallery, Seattle, Washington; LA Louver, Los Angeles, California; and Zolla/Lieberman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. The Honolulu Museum of Art,[10] the Rockwell Museum (Corning, N.Y), the Whitney Museum of American Art (New York City), Madison Museum of Contemporary Art (Madison, WI), the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City), the Delaware Art Museum, the Boise Art Museum,[11] the Albrecht-Kemper Museum of Art (St. Joseph, Missouri) and the Neuberger Museum of Art (Purchase, New York) are among the public collections holding work by Deborah Butterfield. Also, the Rockford Art Museum, Rockford, Illinois. Butterfield was featured in the 1989 Women's Art show, Women's Work: the Montana Women's Centennial Art Survey Exhibition 1889–1989. In the Pappajohn Sculpture Park at Des Moines, Iowa, Deborah Butterfield has 2 sculptures installed there, which are Juno (1989) and Ancient Forest (2009). - Initially constructing her sculptures using natural materials such as mud, clay and sticks in the 1970s, Butterfield has since moved to using metal in her work. In 1979, she began using reclaimed materials such as found steel and scrap metal. For the past 20 plus years, Butterfield has been using bronze casts of ""stray, downed pieces of wood."" Butterfield carefully selects pieces of wood that outline the form and gesture of the horse. The wood pieces are then cast in bronze, burning the wood away.[12] - Referencing her materials, Butterfield has said, ""When I walk past my pile of junk, I am inspired by the things I see. It has to do with finding and identifying objects of interest that I can work with. Working with junk is a way of recognizing a quality of line and appropriating it to my sculpture.""[13] -",2023-08-26 17:23:33 -Battle of Jiulianshan - Wikipedia,"The Battle of Jiulianshan (Jiulianshan Zhandou, 九连山战斗) was an unsuccessful counter-guerrilla operation launched by the nationalists against the communists during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era in the border region of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. - Jiulianshan (Jiulian Mountain, Shan means mountain in Chinese), was a communist guerrilla base in the border region of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. In November 1948, the nationalist forces from Guangdong consisted of the 13th Security Regiment, the 5th Regiment, and a battalion of the 1st Security Regiment were dispatched to eradicate the local communist guerrilla. The nationalists enjoyed both the technical and numerical superiorities, so they decided to attack on multiple fronts in separate directions. In contrast, the communist guerrilla decided to concentrate their force to achieve numerical superiority in one front against the attacking nationalists, and then fight the enemy at the next front using the same tactic to overcome their own disadvantage. - Order of battle - As the nationalists sent their supplies via Dongjiang River upstream from Heyuan (河源) on November 15, 1948, the enemy set up an ambush in the section from Yellow Field (Huang Tian, 黄田) region to White Horse (Bai Ma, 白马) region. The entire nationalist convoy was lost with over 70 troops killed and over a dozen boats full of supplies fallen into enemy hands. - On November 20, 1948, a group of communist guerrilla faked the attack on Great Lake (Da Hu, 大湖) region, and as the nationalist 1st Security Regiment sent out a company to engage the enemy, the enemy immediately retreated, lured the unsuspecting nationalists into the preset ambush in the Lion's Brain (Shi Zi Nao, 狮子脑) mountains, where the communist guerrilla 3rd Regiment was waiting, and the entire nationalist company was wiped out. - Due to the previous loss of supplies in the November last year, the nationalists were forced to re-supply. On January 8, 1949, 5 infantry companies and one artillery companies of the nationalist 13th Security Regiment totaling 600 troops organized another convoy consisted of three boats of supplies went upstream again in Dongjiang River. The communist guerilla concentrated its 3rd Regiment, 5th Regiment, 7th Regiment and Independent 5th Group totaling 1,000 to ambush the convoy was when the nationalists were stopping at the riverbank. On January 11, 1949, after a nine-hour-long fierce battle that lasted from noon till 9:00 PM, the nationalists managed to successfully breakout, but all of the suppliers had lost to the enemy in addition to suffering over 190 fatalities. After this setback, the nationalists cancelled any further plans to eradicate the communist guerrilla and withdrew all of its deployed forces. - The nationalist failure was mainly caused by the grave underestimation of the enemy's strength and determination. Although the so-called communist guerrilla regiments were actually only battalion sized, they could still be a sizable and formidable force when they were concentrated together. In contrast, although the nationalist enjoyed both the technical and numerical superiority, they did not have advantage when their forces were deployed separately in smaller numbers. - Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China -  WikiMiniAtlas24°34′05″N 114°27′29″E / 24.5680°N 114.458°E / 24.5680; 114.458 -",2023-08-26 17:23:36 -Prince George Transit System - Wikipedia,"Prince George Transit System, or PG Transit, is the main public transit provider in Prince George, British Columbia. PG Transit is funded in conjunction with the City of Prince George and BC Transit (The provincial Crown corporation responsible for transit services outside Greater Vancouver), and operated by Prince George Transit Ltd., a subsidiary of Pacific Western Transportation. - Routes 1, 5, 11, 46, 47, 55 run hourly when University is in Every 30 mins at peak times ; Routes 15 runs every 15min at peak times and every 30 mins on weekdays and hourly on weekends 16, 88, and 89 run every 30 mins on weekdays and every hour on weekends ; Routes 17 and 18 are Peak Hour, Peak Direction Only when university in session sept to April ; Routes 12, 96 and 97 are limited service only when school is in. route 91 runs hourly 7 days a week - Adult fares cost $2.50, Seniors/Students $2.00 and Children under 4 travel free. Day Passes are $6.25 ($5.25 Seniors/Students) There are also monthly passes for $57.50 ($48 for Seniors/Students) plus a 4-month semester pass for High School students for $125. U-Pass At UNBC and CNC are $54.00 a semester, included in Student Fees.[1] - handyDART is a dial-a-ride service for people with a disability that is sufficiently severe that they are unable to use regular transit buses without assistance. Clients must be pre-registered to make use of this service. operated By Carefree Society -",2023-08-26 17:23:40 -Eamon Donnelly - Wikipedia," - Eamon Donnelly (19 July 1877 – 29 December 1944) was an Irish politician.[1] - He was born in Middletown, County Armagh, the son of Francis Donnelly, a mason, and Catherine Donnelly (née Haggin).[2] He was a member of the Irish Volunteers.[1] In 1921 he joined Éamon de Valera's anti-treaty forces and remained a critic of partition until his death. He was interned and on his release was appointed Chief Organiser of Sinn Féin.[1] - While living in Newry, Donnelly was elected as an abstentionist Independent Republican member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland for the Armagh constituency at the 1925 general election. Shortly after his election, he was served with an order excluding him from Northern Ireland. No official reason was given for the granting of this order.[3] - In 1926, he became a founder member of Fianna Fáil.[1] Donnelly was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Leix–Offaly constituency at the 1933 general election.[4] He did not contest the 1937 general election.[5] He also served as Director of Elections for Fianna Fáil.[3] - In 1938, Donnelly visited his wife's house near Newry, and was imprisoned in Belfast Prison, before being given a choice between paying a fine of £25 or returning to prison. Again, no reason for his imprisonment and exclusion was revealed. That year, he stood for election to the 2nd Seanad, but was not successful.[3] - In 1942, Donnelly was again elected to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, this time in a by-election for Belfast Falls. He did not take his seat. He died on 29 December 1944.[2] - -",2023-08-26 17:23:43 -Felicity Passon - Wikipedia," - Felicity Elizabeth Passon (born 11 July 1999) is a Seychellois swimmer.[1] She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.[2] She represented Seychelles at the 2019 African Games, winning two gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal,[3][4] and qualified for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.[5] - She competes at the collegiate level for the University of Arizona.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:23:47 -Springer Nature - Wikipedia,"Springer Nature or the Springer Nature Group[1][2] is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education.[3] - The company originates from a number of journals and publishing houses, notably Springer-Verlag, which was founded in 1842 by Julius Springer in Berlin[4] (the grandfather of Bernhard Springer who founded Springer Publishing in 1950 in New York),[5] Nature Publishing Group which has published Nature since 1869,[6] and Macmillan Education, which goes back to Macmillan Publishers founded in 1843.[7] - Springer Nature was formed in 2015 by the merger of Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan and Macmillan Education (held by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group) with Springer Science+Business Media (held by BC Partners). Plans for the merger were first announced on 15 January 2015.[8] The transaction was concluded in May 2015 with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share.[9] - IPO attempts in May 2018 and Autumn 2020[10] were unfruitful due to unfavorable market conditions.[11][12] - In 2021, Springer Nature acquired Atlantis Press, an open access publisher founded 2006 in Paris, focusing on scientific, technical, and medical (STM) content, and publication of conference proceedings.[13][14] - After the merger, former Springer Science+Business Media CEO Derk Haank became CEO of Springer Nature.[15] When he retired by the end of 2017, he was succeeded by Daniel Ropers,[16] the co-founder and long-time CEO of bol.com.[17] In September 2019, Ropers was replaced by Frank Vrancken Peeters.[18][19] - The company is releasing a number of Policies & Reports,[20] including a Modern Slavery Act statement, a Tax strategy, and a gender pay gap report for Springer Nature's UK operations.[21][22] - The following major brands belong to the group (see also Subsidiaries):[23] - In 2017, the company agreed to block access to hundreds of articles on its Chinese site, cutting off access to articles related to Tibet, Taiwan, and China's political elite.[25][26] - The company retracted a paper in 2019, in its journal BMC Emergency Medicine due to dubious peer-review process (a herpetologist could have denied the publication of the paper).[27] - In August 2020, Springer Nature was reported to have rejected the publication of an article at the behest of its co-publisher, Wenzhou Medical University, from a Taiwanese doctor because the word ""China"" was not placed after ""Taiwan"".[28][29] - In July 2020, Springer Nature retracted a paper in the journal Society due to dubious review process and criticism regarding racism.[30] - In November 2021, Springer Nature retracted 44 nonsense papers from the Arabian Journal of Geosciences after a lapse in the peer review process.[31][32] - - This article about a publishing company is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:23:50 -Robert du Buysson - Wikipedia,"Robert François du Buysson (Born 6 May 1861 - Broût-Vernet (Allier) - Deceased 16 March 1946 - Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne (Maine-et-Loire)), was a French naturalist. - He is the son of botanist fr:François-Charles du Buysson (1825-1906) and Mathilde de Montaignac (1829-1899)[1] and the brother of entomologist fr:Henri du Buysson. - Having developed a taste for herbariums at a very young age and a keen sense of observation, Robert du Buysson began to study the mosses of his native region rapidly expanding his field of study to lichens and vascular cryptogams. From 1888 to 1893 he published an inventory of vascular cryptogams of Europe in the Scientific Review of Bourbonnais and the Centre of France. In the field of bryology, the name of Robert du Buysson remains attached to two species: Orthorichum berthoumieui, named in honor of Father Berthoumieu with whom he studied the mosses around Saint-Pourçain (Allier), and Barbula buyssoni. - Robert du Buysson distinguished himself especially in the study of insects -In April 1898 he obtained a position as a temporary entomology preparer at the Zoology Laboratory of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. In 1900, he was appointed titular preparer for insects and crustaceans. Most of his work has been published in the Annales de la Société entomologique de France - Robert du Buysson bequeathed his collection of hymenoptera to the entomology laboratory of the National Museum of Natural History. - Du Buysson Married Claire d'Espinay on February 8, 1899, and had one daughter Marie-Cécile du Buysson (1899-1997) - His two siblings were Henri du Buysson, Marquis du Buysson (1856-1927) and Isabelle du Buysson b.1858. - -",2023-08-26 17:23:53 -Voltage-sensitive dye - Wikipedia,"Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes which change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes.[1] They are able to provide linear measurements of firing activity of single neurons, large neuronal populations or activity of myocytes. Many physiological processes are accompanied by changes in cell membrane potential which can be detected with voltage sensitive dyes. Measurements may indicate the site of action potential origin, and measurements of action potential velocity and direction may be obtained.[2] - Potentiometric dyes are used to monitor the electrical activity inside cell organelles where it is not possible to insert an electrode, such as the mitochondria and dendritic spine. This technology is especially powerful for the study of patterns of activity in complex multicellular preparations. It also makes possible the measurement of spatial and temporal variations in membrane potential along the surface of single cells. - Fast-response probes: These are amphiphilic membrane staining dyes which usually have a pair of hydrocarbon chains acting as membrane anchors and a hydrophilic group which aligns the chromophore perpendicular to the membrane/aqueous interface. The chromophore is believed to undergo a large electronic charge shift as a result of excitation from the ground to the excited state and this underlies the putative electrochromic mechanism for the sensitivity of these dyes to membrane potential. This molecule (dye) intercalates among the lipophilic part of biological membranes. This orientation assures that the excitation induced charge redistribution will occur parallel to the electric field within the membrane. A change in the voltage across the membrane will therefore cause a spectral shift resulting from a direct interaction between the field and the ground and excited state dipole moments. - New voltage dyes can sense voltage with high speed and sensitivity using photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) through a conjugated molecular wire.[3][4] - Slow-response probes: These exhibit potential-dependent changes in their transmembrane distribution which are accompanied by a fluorescence change. Typical slow-response probes include cationic carbocyanines and rhodamines, and ionic oxonols. - Commonly used voltage sensitive dyes are substituted aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium (ANEP) dyes, such as di-4-ANEPPS, di-8-ANEPPS, and RH237. Depending on their chemical modifications which change their physical properties they are used for different experimental procedures.[5] They were first described in 1985 by the research group of Leslie Loew.[6] ANNINE-6plus is a voltage sensitive dye with fast response (ns response time) and high sensitivity. It has been applied to measure the action potentials of a single t-tubule of cardiomyocytes by Guixue Bu et al.[7] More recently, a series of fluorinated ANEP dyes was introduced that offer enhanced sensitivity and photostability; they are also available over a wide choice of excitation and emission wavelengths.[8] A recent computational study confirmed that the ANEP dyes are affected only by the electrostatic environment and not by specific molecular interactions.[9] Other structural scaffolds, such as xanthenes,[10] are also successfully used. - The core material for imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes are the dyes themselves. These voltage-sensitive dyes are lipophilic and preferably localized in membranes with their hydrophobic tails. They are used in applications involving fluorescence or absorption; they are fast acting and are able to provide linear measurements of changes in membrane potential.[11] Voltage sensitive dyes are supplied by many companies who offer fluorescent probes for biological applications. Potentiometric Probes, LLC specializes only in voltage sensitive dyes; they have an exclusive license to distribute the large set of fluorinated VSDs, marketed under the ElectroFluorTM brand. - A variety of specialized equipment may be used in conjunction with the dyes, and choices in equipment will vary according to the particularities of a preparation. Essentially, equipment will include specialized microscopes and imaging devices, and may include technical lamps or lasers.[11] - Strengths of imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes include the following abilities: - Weaknesses of imaging brain activity with voltage-sensitive dyes include the following problems: - Voltage-sensitive dyes have been used to measure neural activity in several areas of the nervous system in a variety of organisms, including the squid giant axon,[19] whisker barrels of the rat somatosensory cortex,[20][21] olfactory bulb of the salamander,[22][23][24] visual cortex of the cat,[25] optic tectum of the frog,[26] and the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey.[27][28] - Many applications in cardiac electrophysiology have been published, including ex vivo mapping of electrical activity in whole hearts from various animal species,[29][30] subcellular imaging from single cardiomyocytes,[31] and even mapping both sinus rhythms and arrhytmias in open heart in vivo pig,[18] where motion artifacts could be eliminated by dual wavelength ratio imaging of the voltage sensitive dye fluorescence. -",2023-08-26 17:23:57 -Dominique D'Onofrio - Wikipedia," - Dominique D'Onofrio (18 April 1953 – 12 February 2016) was an Italian[1] football coach, later chairman. He was born in Castelforte, Italy. - D'Onofrio was coachbuilder until his brother bought out Standard Liège and enabled him to integrate a professional club. At Standard de Liège since 1998, at first with the U6 (youth, scouting and contracts), he quickly took over from Tomislav Ivić (with Christian Labarbe) for 2000–01. He took charge for the first team for three matches in December 2000. In January 2001, he took over from Michel Preud'homme until July 2002. - In 2002–03, he took over from Robert Waseige for the first five matches of the Championship. He had little success as first team coach, and was fired on 14 September 2002, after domestic defeat against Club Bruges and a catastrophic first season. - Adored by some supporters who appreciated the results gained under his leadership, reviled by others who disliked his gameplay and recourse to a long-ball system, he left his post in May 2005, before being named a few weeks later after the club failed to find a replacement. This provoked great remorse from those supporters who had campaigned for his firing, who apologised a few days before his return was announced. - In May 2006, he left the post of coach for good, and became sporting director with technical director Michel Preud'homme. Although the club had qualified for the first time for the third preliminary round of the Champions League, he was hounded by supporters after the last game of the season, where they failed to win their first championship since 1983. He stated that he held himself responsible for this. - Becoming sporting director of Standard de Liège and technical director in July 2006, he was in charge of scouting and recruitment. Two months later, when Michel Preud'homme took over from Johan Boskamp, and appointed his own staff, looking for immediate results, Dominique D'Onofrio became technical director and looked to improve the club's results. - On 10 February 2010, due to bad results at the club, he ended the contract of László Bölöni, Dominique D'Onofrio took over as head coach of Standard until June 2010.[2] - He died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from a cardiac arrest on 12 February 2016. He was 62 years old - Under his leadership, Standard de Liège obtained the following results in the Championship: - RRFC Montegnée - Seraing RUL - Standard de Liège -",2023-08-26 17:24:01 -Large White pig - Wikipedia," - The Large White is a British breed of domestic pig. It derives from the old Yorkshire breed from the county of Yorkshire, in northern England. - First recognised in 1868, the breed is the progenitor of the American Yorkshire in North America.[1] - The Large White is a big, white pig, with erect ears and a slightly dished face.[2] - The Large White is one of the most numerous of all pig breeds, widely used in crossbreeding for intensive pig farming around the world.[3] It was originally developed as an outdoor breed, but today it is one of those favoured by commercial pig breeders, lending uniformity to pigs produced for meat on a large scale.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:24:04 -Dos pintores pintorescos - Wikipedia,"Dos pintores pintorescos is a 1967 Mexican comedy film starring Viruta and Capulina. It was shot in Eastmancolor with cinematography by Rosalío Solano. - Viruta and Capulina are two painters who work painting skyscrapers. One day, while lunching on a scaffolding, Capulina accidentally spills paint onto a policeman down under and he decides to escape by walking off the scaffolding. He falls, but he rapidly holds on to Viruta as he tries to stand against a window. On the other side of that window, a man named Lorenzo stabs a certain woman meanwhile his lover Carmina is watching. As Capulina stands next to the window, Lorenzo and Carmina see him as he tells them that he has ""never seen death from up close"". Lorenzo, believing that Capulina has witnessed the crime, searches for his gun meanwhile Capulina achieves safety when Viruta hauls the scaffolding downward as he picks him up. As both Viruta and Capulina get out of Lorenzo's reach, they encounter the policeman to whom they spilled paint who fines them two-hundred pesos as punishment. - After another incident with a painting, Capulina decides to become an artist instead of a painter as he confirms his occupation's danger. Viruta and Capulina also visit a nearby artists' club where they meet two beautiful art students, Diana and Julia. Both Diana and Julia study art at the studio of Diana's father, an Italian art professor. Viruta and Capulina manage to negotiate a deal with the professor in order to receive art classes. As a result of the negotiation, Viruta and Capulina paint the walls of various rooms within the studio. - Dos pintores pintorescos was filmed from December 14 through December 26, 1966 in Estudios Churubusco and on location in Mexico City.[1] - The film premiered on October 19, 1967 in the Cine Cuitláhuac during one week.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:24:07 -USS Columbia (CL-56) - Wikipedia,"USS Columbia was a Cleveland-class light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier Brooklyn-class cruisers, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve 6-inch (152 mm) guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph). - The ship, the sixth US Navy ship to bear the name, was named for the city of Columbia, South Carolina. Columbia was commissioned in July 1942, and saw service in several campaigns in the Pacific. Like almost all her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, and never saw active service again. Columbia was scrapped in the early 1960s. A memorial to the ship and men who served on her exists in Columbia, SC. - The Cleveland-class light cruisers traced their origin to design work done in the late 1930s; at the time, light cruiser displacement was limited to 8,000 long tons (8,100 t) by the Second London Naval Treaty. Following the start of World War II in September 1939, Britain announced it would suspend the treaty for the duration of the conflict, a decision the US Navy quickly followed. Though still neutral, the United States recognized that war was likely and the urgent need for additional ships ruled out an entirely new design, so the Clevelands were a close development of the earlier Brooklyn-class cruisers, the chief difference being the substitution of a two-gun 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose gun mount for one of the main battery 6 in (152 mm) gun turrets.[1] - Columbia was 610 feet 1 inch (186 m) long overall and had a beam of 66 ft 4 in (20.22 m) and a draft of 24 ft 6 in (7.47 m). Her standard displacement amounted to 11,744 long tons (11,932 t) and increased to 14,131 long tons (14,358 t) at full load. The ship was powered by four General Electric steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Rated at 100,000 shaft horsepower (75,000 kW), the turbines were intended to give a top speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph). Her crew numbered 1285 officers and enlisted men.[2] - The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve 6 in /47 caliber Mark 16 guns[a] in four 3-gun turrets on the centerline. Two were placed forward in a superfiring pair; the other two turrets were placed aft of the superstructure in another superfiring pair. The secondary battery consisted of twelve 5 in (127 mm) /38 caliber dual purpose guns mounted in twin turrets. Two of these were placed on the centerline, one directly behind the forward main turrets and the other just forward of the aft turrets. Two more were placed abreast of the conning tower and the other pair on either side of the aft superstructure. Anti-aircraft defense consisted of eight Bofors 40 mm (1.6 in) guns in two quadruple mounts and thirteen Oerlikon 20 mm (0.79 in) guns in single mounts.[2] - The ship's belt armor ranged in thickness from 3.5 to 5 in (89 to 127 mm), with the thicker section amidships where it protected the ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. Her deck armor was 2 in (51 mm) thick. The main battery turrets were protected with 6.5 in (170 mm) faces and 3 in (76 mm) sides and tops, and they were supported by barbettes 6 inches thick. Columbia's conning tower had 5-inch sides.[2] - Columbia was laid down on 19 August 1940 by the New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, New Jersey;[3] and launched on 17 December 1941 sponsored by Miss J. A. Paschal. She was commissioned on 29 July 1942, with Captain W. A. Heard in command.[4] - Sailing from Norfolk on 9 November 1942, Columbia arrived at Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides on 10 December, and joined in the patrols west of the New Hebrides in support of the continuing struggle for Guadalcanal. On 29 January 1943, while cruising off Rennell Island to cover the movement of transports to Guadalcanal, Columbia's group came under heavy air attack, and the battle of Rennell Island followed, with land and carrier-based aircraft joining in to protect the American ships. Columbia aided in shooting down three enemy planes in this battle. Based out of Efate from 1 February, Columbia continued her patrols in the Solomons, and in June carried out a bombardment and mining mission on 29–30 June, coordinated with the New Georgia landings. On 11–12 July, she bombarded Munda, and until 5 September, when she sailed for a brief overhaul at Sydney, patrolled southeast of the Solomons.[4] - Columbia, rejoined her division on 24 September off Vella LaVella, as patrols to intercept Japanese shipping continued. As Marines stormed ashore on Bougainville on 1 November, Columbia's guns pounded targets on Buka and Bonis and in the Shortlands. On the night of 2 November, her force intercepted a Japanese group sailing to attack transports lying off Bougainville. In the furious fighting of the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay which resulted, Columbia joined in sinking the Japanese cruiser Sendai and destroyer Hatsukaze, and turning the attackers back from their goal. She continued to support the Bougainville landings and bombard targets in the Solomons through December.[4] - After training exercises in the New Hebrides in January 1944, Columbia helped spearhead the attack and occupation of Nissan, one of the Green Islands from 13 to 18 February. Early in March, her group swept along the line between Truk and Kavieng in search of enemy shipping, then covered the assault and occupation of Emirau Island from 17 to 23 March. On 4 April, Columbia sailed from Port Purvis in the Solomon Islands for an overhaul at San Francisco, returning to the Solomons on 24 August.[4] - Columbia sortied from Port Purvis on 6 September with the covering force for the landings in the Palaus, and remained off Peleliu to provide gunfire support to forces ashore and protection to assault shipping until her return to Manus on 28 September. She sailed on 6 October, guarding the force which was to seize Dinagat and other islands at the entrance of Leyte Gulf which must be neutralized before the vast Leyte invasion fleet could enter the Gulf. These islands were taken on 17 October, and Columbia sailed on to give gunfire cover to the main landings three days later. But as the landings proceeded, the Japanese fleet sailed south to give battle, and on the night of 24 October, its southern force entered Leyte Gulf through Surigao Strait. Attacks by motor torpedo boats and destroyers on the Japanese force opened this phase of the decisive battle for Leyte Gulf. Columbia with other cruisers had joined the old battleships and lay in wait. In a classical maneuver, the American ships ""crossed the T"" of the Japanese column, and opened heavy gunfire which sank the battleship Yamashiro, and forced the heavily damaged cruiser Mogami and other units to retire. Toward dawn, Columbia sped to deliver the final blows which sank destroyer Asagumo, crippled in earlier attacks.[4] Columbia then joined the Battle off Cape Engaño with sister ships Cleveland, Montpelier and Denver. - After replenishing at Manus early in November, Columbia returned to Leyte Gulf to protect reinforcement convoys from air attack. In December, operating from Kossol Roads in the Palaus, she covered Army landings on Mindoro, and on 14 December, lost four of her men when a 5-inch (127 mm) gun misfired during an air attack.[4] These were Columbia's first casualties of the war.[5] - On 1 January 1945, Columbia sailed for the landings in Lingayen Gulf and on 6 January, as pre-invasion bombardments were getting underway, Japanese kamikaze attacks began. Columbia suffered a near miss by a kamikaze and was then struck on her port quarter by a second. The plane and its bomb penetrated two decks before exploding, killing 13 (including 3 survivors of the USS Ommaney Bay (CVE-79) who had been rescued two days earlier after their ship was sunk following a kamikaze attack) and wounding 44 men, putting her aft turrets out of action, and setting the ship afire. Prompt flooding of two magazines prevented further explosions, and impressive damage control measures enabled Columbia to complete her bombardment with her two operative forward turrets, and remain in action to give close support to underwater demolition teams. Ammunition was removed from the after magazines to refill the forward magazines; much of this was done by hand. On the morning of the landings, 9 January, as Columbia lay close inshore and so surrounded by landing craft that she was handicapped in maneuver, she was again struck by a kamikaze, knocking out six gun directors and a gun mount.[6] 24 men were killed and 97 wounded, but short-handed as she was, Columbia again put out fires, repaired damage, and continued her bombardment and fire support. Columbia sailed that night, guarding a group of unloaded transports. Her crew's accomplishments in saving their ship and carrying out their mission without interruption were recognized with the Navy Unit Commendation for this operation.[4] - Columbia received emergency repairs at San Pedro Bay, Leyte, and sailed on to an overhaul on the west coast, returning to Leyte on 16 June. Three days later, she sailed for Balikpapan, Borneo, off which she lay from 28 June, guarding minesweeping which preceded the invasion of the island on 1 July. She covered the landing of Australian troops, and gave them gunfire support through the next day, sailing then to join Task Force 95 (TF 95) in its repeated sweeps against Japanese shipping in the East China Sea. At the close of the war, she carried inspection parties to Truk, the important Japanese base bypassed during the war, and carried Army passengers between Guam, Saipan, and Iwo Jima until sailing for home on 31 October.[4] - After calling on the west coast, Columbia arrived at Philadelphia on 5 December for overhaul and service training Naval Reserve men until 1 July 1946. She was decommissioned and placed in reserve at Philadelphia on 30 November 1946, and sold for scrapping on 18 February 1959. The tug that towed Columbia to the breakers, Curtis Bay Towing's Triton, had been one of the tugs present at her launching 18 years earlier.[4] - In addition to the Navy Unit Commendation, Columbia received 10 battle stars for World War II service.[4] - This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. -",2023-08-26 17:24:10 -Geoethics - Wikipedia,"Geoethics is the branch of ethics which relates to the interaction of human activity with our physical world in general, and with the practice of the Earth sciences in particular.[1][2][3][4][5][6] It may also have relevance to planetary sciences.[7] It is described as an emerging scientific and philosophical discipline, consisted of research and reflection on the values that serve as the bases of behaviors and practices wherever human activities interact with the Earth system.[3][4] Moreover, geoethics promotes the ethical and social roles of geoscientists in conducting scientific and technological research and practice.[8] - For these reasons, geoethics pursues recognition of humankind's duties and responsibility towards the Earth system. A more specialized use emerged as the term came to deal with the ethical, social, and cultural implications of the behavior and professional activities of geologists.[3][4][9] Some scholars also cited that it provides a point of intersection for geosciences, sociology, economics and philosophy.[3][4] - The International Association for Promoting Geoethics[10][11] is the leading organization that is carrying out studies to develop the geoethical thought and to promote geoethics outcomes worldwide. - This article about ethics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:14 -Gen¹³ (film) - Wikipedia,"Gen¹³ is a 1998 American animated superhero film based on the Gen¹³ comic book series published by WildStorm Productions which is a part of DC Comics. The film, released in 2000, was directed by Kevin Altieri and produced by WildStorm. The film was distributed by Buena Vista Pictures and first screened for the general public at the Wizard World Chicago convention July 17, 1998.[2] - College student Caitlin Fairchild is offered a scholarship by the National Security Committee to attend a secret military school set in a U.S. desert base. While there she meets new friends Percival Chang (Grunge) and Roxanne Spaulding (Freefall). Unbeknownst to them, the school's headmasters—Ivana Baiul and Matthew Callahan—are conducting a project known as Gen 13, in which they perform genetic experiments on their pupils in a plot to turn them into super-powered beings (""go Gen Active"") and launch an insurrection against the government. The only person in their way is Colonel John Lynch of Internal Operations, an original member of the Gen 12 project who is investigating the Gen 13 project and is determined to expose the headmasters' illegal operations. He introduces himself to Caitlin and mentions that he knew her father, Alex. - While feeling nauseous and searching for the infirmary one night, Caitlin finds a lab and searches through its databases for information on her father, finding out the things he had to put up with as a member of Gen 12. She is joined by Grunge and Roxy, but the three are discovered by a guard. Caitlin displays superhuman abilities and ends up defeating multiple guards so the trio can get away. Grunge and Roxy are soon captured, but Caitlin manages to escape, steal an exo-suit, and return to the base to help rescue her friends. Ivana is convinced that Grunge and Roxy are Lynch's spies and refuses to believe their denials. Soon, she is alerted that Lynch is arriving with a squadron to investigate their illegal activities. Once she leaves, Matthew reveals to Grunge and Roxy that he is psychic and knows that they are telling the truth. He intends to torture them until they go Gen Active or die. Grunge does go Gen Active and gains the power of substance mimicry. He breaks free, knocks out Threshold, and frees Roxy. They kiss afterwards. - After a skirmish with Ivana, the trio intimidates a pilot into flying them home by helicopter as the fighting between Ivana and Lynch's forces rages. Unfortunately, Threshold prevents their escape and destroys the helicopter. Roxy unknowingly engages her gravity-controlling powers and slows their fall. Threshold descends to reveal he intends to overthrow what he believes is a corrupt government that had killed his parents. The trio views him as fanatical and fight him, defeating him just before Lynch arrives to defuse the situation, and reveals that Caitlin and Threshold are half-siblings. Lynch explains that after learning the NSC was after the two of them, their mother did everything she could to protect them, but when Caitlin's father couldn't help her, she went to her ex-husband Callahan, another member of Gen 12 and Matthew's father. Callahan tried to get them out of the country, however, despite all of his efforts, the NSC killed the both of them and captured Matthew. Lynch couldn't get there in time to save Matthew and his parents, but he found the infant Caitlin, and he returned her to her uncle once the government's SPB program was discontinued. Caitlin realizes her recurring nightmares are repressed memories of that event. - Meanwhile, Ivana sets the base and school to self-destruct. A landslide is caused by the base's destruction and it heads for the gang. With only so little time for them to get away, Threshold sacrifices himself to help his sister escape. Lynch explains to the trio that trying to quit Internal Operations would never end well, but offers to help train them to use their powers to make the world a better place, and Caitlin and her friends accept. - Additional voices by Corey Burton, Julia De Mita, Debi Derryberry, Dave Fennoy, Alex Fernandez, Jamie Hanes, John Hostetter, Mary Kivala, Dakin Matthews, Matt McKenzie, Matt K. Miller, Andy Philpot, Pamela Segall, Mike Sorich, and Ahmet Zappa. - In the mid-1990s, WildStorm owner Jim Lee put his company on the market as comic book sales began to decline. It was during this period that the Walt Disney Studios expressed interest in developing a Gen¹³ film. The film project was already in production when Lee began talks to sell WildStorm to DC Comics, a Time Warner company. The sale was finalized in January 1999. By the time the film was finished, Disney decided to shelve the film because they did not want to market a film with ties to a rival production company. Consequently, the film was never released in the U.S., but did receive a limited video release in Europe and Australia and was aired on the Russian 2×2 channel on August 1, 2010.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:24:17 -Oppeln-Bronikowski - Wikipedia,"Oppeln-Bronikowski is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:24:21 -Pathinonnil Vyazham - Wikipedia," - Pathinonnil Vyazham is a 2010 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film directed by Suresh Krishnan and written by Mahesh Mitra, starring Mukesh and Manya.[1][2] This film was made in 2005, but was released five years later. Both C.I. Paul and James passed away by this time. - Appu works as a bearer in a five star hotel at Palakkad. He happens to meet Chandran Pillai once, who is a millionaire based in Ooty. Appu rescues Chandran Pillai from an accident. When Chandran Pillai returns to Ooty, the people who were after him turn towards Appu instead. So Appu rushes to Ooty and begs Chandran Pillai to give him a job. Chandran Pillai refuses, but when Appu tries to blackmail him with a secret, he gives in, and appoints him as his driver. - Meenakshi, Chandran Pillai's daughter hates Appu and repeatedly dismisses him from the job, but Chandran Pillai takes him back, much to her frustration. - - This article about a Malayalam film of the 2010s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a 2010s romantic comedy film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:25 -1836 United States presidential election in New Hampshire - Wikipedia,"Andrew Jackson -Democratic - Martin Van Buren -Democratic - The 1836 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place between November 3 and December 7, 1836, as part of the 1836 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President. - New Hampshire voted for the Democratic candidate, Martin Van Buren, over Whig candidate William Henry Harrison. Van Buren won New Hampshire by a margin of 50.02%. As of 2020, this remains the strongest ever performance by any presidential candidate in New Hampshire since the creation of the modern Democratic party in 1828. - - This New Hampshire elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:28 -H. Stern - Wikipedia,"H. Stern is a Brazilian luxury[1] jewelry house headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, from where the handmade production of all its jewelry is controlled. The house was founded in 1945 by German-Jewish immigrant Hans Stern. H. Stern initially specialized in precious stones before moving to design focused jewelry.[2] Its first store opened on the Rio de Janeiro docks in 1949, the point of arrival for international passengers on cruise ships. The family owned company does not disclose its sales but it has over 150 stores, located in Latin America, United States, Europe & Asia.[2] - In the 1990s, under the direction of Hans’ eldest son Roberto Stern, currently the President and Creative Director of the company, H. Stern went through an extensive restructuring process.[3] In the product development area, the company started to observe and interpret behavioral, style and fashion trends, and launched collections inspired by several celebrities such as musician Carlinhos Brown (1999), artist Anna Bella Geiger (2000), the stylist and cultural icon Diane von Fürstenberg (2004), architect Oscar Niemeyer and the Grupo Corpo dance company from the state of Minas in Brazil (2009).[4] One of the latest is a collection of rings inspired by the Disney and Tim Burton film Alice in Wonderland. - Eva Longoria, Rihanna, Angelina Jolie, Cate Blanchett, Sharon Stone and Catherine Zeta-Jones have all worn H. Stern's designs.[citation needed] - - This Brazilian corporation or company article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:32 -The Crusaders (1918 film) - Wikipedia,"The Crusaders or Jerusalem Liberated (Italian:La Gerusalemme liberata) is a 1918 Italian silent historical film directed by Enrico Guazzoni. It is based on the poem Jerusalem Delivered by Torquato Tasso.[1] The film is set during the Crusades and describes Godfrey of Bouillon's conquest of Jerusalem in 1099. - In alphabetical order - - This article related to an Italian silent film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article related to historical films is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:36 -Ludwig Pfau - Wikipedia,"Karl Ludwig Pfau (German: [ˈluːtviç ˈpfaʊ] (listen); August 25, 1821 – April 12, 1894) was a German poet, journalist, and revolutionary. He was born in Heilbronn and died, aged 72, in Stuttgart. - Some of Ludwig Pfau's poetry has been used in the composition of Kunstlieder (or more popularly in English, Lieder). Many German texts, including texts set to music by Schoenberg, have been collected and housed on-line at The LiederNet Archive. Many are available in English translation in this collection. - A different Ludwig Pfau (1573–1630) of Winterthur, Switzerland was a maker of cocklestoves. Reference: Allingham, Margot (1999). Dutch Tiles: Introduction. Retrieved 2005-02-25. - - This article about a German writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:40 -K. D. Thirunavukkarasu - Wikipedia," -K. D. Thirunavukkarasu (born 1931) is a Tamil scholar, writer, critic and translator from Tamil Nadu, India.[1] - Thirunavukkarasu is an alumnus of Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai.[2] He obtained a M.A, M.Litt. and a PhD and worked as a professor at the International Institute of Tamil Studies in Chennai. In 1974, he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil for his literary criticism Thirukkural Needhi Illakkiyam (lit. Thirukkural, a moralist literature).[3] -",2023-08-26 17:24:43 -Ed Duggan - Wikipedia,"Edward Dean Duggan (May 19, 1891 – October 16, 1950) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame from 1911 to 1914 and professionally for the Rock Island Independents of the National Football League (NFL) in 1921.[1] Duggan was the head football coach at Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana from 1922 to 1927. He coached high school football in Houston, Texas, at Sam Houston High School from 1928 to 1936 and then at Lamar High School from 1937 until his retirement in 1946. Duggan died of heart attack on October 16, 1950, in Houston.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:24:47 -Janine Mellor - Wikipedia," - Janine Mellor (born 3 May 1980, in Huddersfield) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Kelsey Phillips in BBC One's BAFTA-winning drama Casualty from 2005 to 2009. - Mellor attended at Lepton County Primary School, King James's School at Almondbury and Greenhead College. She danced with the Kirkheaton-based Clare Doosey School of Dance. She studied at Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh and graduated from there with an honours degree in acting.[1] Her TV credits include South Riding and Fat Friends. From 2005 to 2009 she played the nurse Kelsey Phillips in Casualty.[2][3] In 2013 she played a main role in the theatre play Marriage at the Belgrade Theatre together with Mark Fleischmann.[4][5] Her other theatre credits include The Seagull,[1] Dancing at Lughnasa,[6] and Into the Woods.[citation needed] - - This article about an English television actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a British television actor born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:51 -Prefab Sprout discography - Wikipedia," - This is the discography of British pop band Prefab Sprout. -",2023-08-26 17:24:55 -Dumitru Stoica - Wikipedia,"Dumitru Stoica (born 30 September 1981) is a Romanian futsal player who plays for City'us and the Romanian national futsal team.[1] - This biographical article related to Romanian football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:24:58 -Manzuma jocquei - Wikipedia," - Manzuma jocquei is a species of jumping spider in the genus Manzuma that lives in Central African Republic, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. Originally named Aelurillus jocquei, the spider was first described in 2011 by Wesołowska and Antony Russell-Smith. The spider is small, with a carapace between 1.5 and 2.1 mm (0.059 and 0.083 in) long and an abdomen between 1.3 and 2.3 mm (0.051 and 0.091 in) long. The carapace has a white stripe formed of scales which is more pronounced on the male. The male abdomen also has a stripe, but the female has two lines of white spots. The male has a thin embolus that is hidden by the hairy palpal bulb while the female has complex highly sclerotized copulatory ducts and a large pocket in the epigyne. These distinguish the species from other spiders in the genus, although the females are almost impossible to tell apart from some species like Manzuma lympha and Manzuma nigritibia. - Aelurillus jocquei was first described by the arachnologists Wesołowska and Antony Russell-Smith in 2011.[1] The species was named in honour of Rudy Jocqué.[2] It was one of over 500 species identified by Wesolowska.[3] It was placed in the genus Aelurillus, first described by Eugène Simon in 1885.[4] The genus name derives from the Greek word for cat.[5] It was listed in the subtribe Aelurillina in the tribe Aelurillini, both named after the genus, by Wayne Maddison in 2015. These were allocated to the clade Saltafresia.[6] In 2017, the genus was grouped with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Aelurillines.[7] - In 2020, Galina Azarkina raised a new genus in the subtribe Aelurillina called Manzuma. The genus name was derived from her mother, Manzuma Mavlyut kyzy Azarkina, and the word manzuma in Ethiopian poetry, in honour of the home of the type species. The new genus differed from Aelurillus in the design of its copulatory organs.[8] It is the only genus that is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa amongst the Aelurillines.[9] Aelurillus jocquei was moved to the new genus and named Manzuma jocquei.[10] - Manzuma jocquei is a small and delicate spider.[2] The male has a brown carapace that ranges in length between 1.5 and 2 mm (0.059 and 0.079 in) and in width between 1.2 and 1.55 mm (0.047 and 0.061 in). It is generally covered in brown scales, except for two stripes of white scales on the top and additional white stripes on the sides. The eye field is a darker brown. The abdomen is dark brown and is between 1.3 and 1.75 mm (0.051 and 0.069 in) long and 1 and 1.3 mm (0.039 and 0.051 in) wide. It also has a white stripe on the top, but the undersides are grey-yellow. The chelicerae are brown and are dusted with white hairs.[11] The spider has two small teeth on the front and one to the back.[12] Longer white hairs cover the brown clypeus.[13] The spinnerets are yellow at the front and brown at the back. The legs are also yellow and brown. The pedipalps are yellow with long white hairs.[11] The palpal bulb is oval and the embolus is thin, hidden within dense hairs.[14] - The female is larger than the male. It has a carapace that measures 21 mm (0.83 in) in length and 1.8 mm (0.071 in) in width, while the abdomen is 2.3 mm (0.091 in) long and 1.8 mm (0.071 in) wide. The carapace is lighter, with white scales rather than brown, and so the stripes are harder to see. The abdomen is the same colour as the male, but has two lines of white spots rather than a white stripe. The chelicerae and clypeus have more yellow in their brown colouring, while the legs and spinnerets are completely yellow the same as the pedipalps.[11] The epigyne is oval with a large pocket and gonopores in the centre. The copulatory ducts are complex and highly sclerotized.[14] - Manzuma jocquei is typical of the genus. The spider is particularly hard to differentiate from Manzuma lympha and Manzuma nigritibia. They can be identified by differences in the male copulatory organs, but the females are nearly indistinguishable.[15] It is also similar to other Aelurillines. It differs from members of the genus Aelurillus by the lack of wings on the epigyne.[4] The female is particularly similar to Aelurillus reconditus, differing in the larger pocket in the epigyne. The male can be confused with Rafalus lymphus but has a longer embolus and darker legs.[2] - Manzuma jocquei has a species distribution that includes the Central African Republic, Ivory Coast and Nigeria.[1][16] The female holotype was found near Ibadan, Nigeria, in 1973. Male paratypes were also identified at the same time in the same area.[2] The spider was subsequently identified from samples that had been collected near Bambari in the Central African Republic in 1967. Examples have also been found in Ivory Coast, from near Kossou, Man in 1974, Lamto Scientific Reserve in 1975, and Bouaké and Gagnoa in 1994. The spider lives in forest areas and areas used for the cultivation of upland rice.[13] Galina Azarkina notes that the example from Central African Republic may belong to a different species and so the species distribution may be more restricted.[17] -",2023-08-26 17:25:02 -Tao: On the Road and on the Run in Outlaw China - Wikipedia,"Tao: On the Road and on the Run in Outlaw China written by Aya Goda and translated by Alison Watts, was first published in hardback in 2007, and in paperback in 2008. This travel memoir/biography recounts the journey she undertook crisscrossing China with the artist Cao Yong in 1989, in order to collect the necessary documents so she can help him flee to Japan. The original Japanese version was published by Bungei Shunju in 1995, and awarded 17th Kodansha Non-Fiction award in Japan. - In the 1980s Aya Goda was a Japanese art student who went to China to travel in her summer vacation. In Kashgar she met a fellow painter called Cao Yong with whom she fell in love. The next year when she went back to visit him in Beijing his exhibition in Beijing, and had caught the attention of the Public Security Bureau, who seized and burned several of Yong's paintings, saying they were ""Obscene"". Fearful of the consequences, Aya decides to marry Yong so he can safely flee China and seek asylum in Japan.[1] - As people protest asking for Democracy in the cities of China and all foreigners are faced with suspicion, an adventuresome Japanese student named Aya Goda travels to the interior of China. There she meets and falls in love with Cao. After his work is banned, the police chase them across much of China and Tibet, until the Japanese embassy finally helps them escape China. - Rory MacLean writing in The Guardian said: ""Tao doesn't begin well"" and ""For me, these first pages read like a teenage romantic novel"". However he also says: ""As their exhilarating, eight-month journey grows ever more dangerous, Aya writes with increasing clarity"".[1] - Colin Thubron writing for The Times said, ""This, in its outlandish way, is a unique memoir. At once naive, tough, stark and sentimental, Tao recounts an eight-month rite of passage in which the reader sees, through its author’s still-innocent eyes, a Japanese art student entering an adolescent dream of love on the road"".[2] - The organisation behind World Book Day published a list of ""Most Worth Talking about Books"" to launch its new Spread the Word website with Tao as one of the books in the list.[3] -First published in English in 2008.[citation needed] - The novel was awarded the prestigious Noma Prize for Non-Fiction from Kodansha Japan's largest publisher, in 1995.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:25:05 -United States Numbered Highway System - Wikipedia," - The United States Numbered Highway System (often called U.S. Routes or U.S. Highways) is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. As the designation and numbering of these highways were coordinated among the states, they are sometimes called Federal Highways, but the roadways were built and have always been maintained by state or local governments since their initial designation in 1926. - The route numbers and locations are coordinated by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).[4] The only federal involvement in AASHTO is a nonvoting seat for the United States Department of Transportation. Generally, most north-to-south highways are odd-numbered, with the lowest numbers in the east and the highest in the west, while east-to-west highways are typically even-numbered, with the lowest numbers in the north, and the highest in the south, though the grid guidelines are not rigidly followed, and many exceptions exist. Major north–south routes generally have numbers ending in ""1"", while major east–west routes usually have numbers ending in ""0"".[1][c] Three-digit numbered highways are generally spur routes of parent highways; for example, U.S. Route 264 (US 264) is a spur off US 64. Some divided routes, such as US 19E and US 19W, exist to provide two alignments for one route. Special routes, which can be labeled as alternate, bypass or business, depending on the intended use, provide a parallel routing to the mainline U.S. Highway. - Before the U.S. Routes were designated, auto trails designated by auto trail associations were the main means of marking roads through the United States. These were private organizations, and the system of road marking at the time was haphazard and not uniform. In 1925, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, recommended by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), worked to form a national numbering system to rationalize the roads. After several meetings, a final report was approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in November 1925. After getting feedback from the states, they made several modifications; the U.S. Highway System was approved on November 11, 1926. - Expansion of the U.S. Highway System continued until 1956, when the Interstate Highway System was laid out and began construction under the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After the national implementation of the Interstate Highway System, many U.S. Routes that had been bypassed or overlaid with Interstate Highways were decommissioned and removed from the system. In some places, the U.S. Routes remain alongside the Interstates and serve as a means for interstate travelers to access local services and as secondary feeder roads or as important major arteries in their own right. In other places, where there are no nearby Interstate Highways, the U.S. Routes often remain as the most well-developed roads for long-distance travel. While the system's growth has slowed in recent decades, the U.S. Highway System remains in place to this day and new routes are occasionally added to the system. - In general, U.S. Routes do not have a minimum design standard, unlike the later Interstate Highways, and are not usually built to freeway standards. Some stretches of U.S. Routes do meet those standards. Many are designated using the main streets of the cities and towns through which they run. New additions to the system, however, must ""substantially meet the current AASHTO design standards"".[4] As of 1989, the United States Numbered Highways system had a total length of 157,724 miles (253,832 km).[3] - Except for toll bridges and tunnels, very few U.S. Routes are toll roads. AASHTO policy says that a toll road may only be included as a special route, and that ""a toll-free routing between the same termini shall continue to be retained and marked as a part of the U.S. Numbered System.""[4] U.S. Route 3 (US 3) meets this obligation; in New Hampshire, it does not follow tolled portions of the Everett Turnpike. But US Routes in the system do use parts of five toll roads:[6] - U.S. Routes in the contiguous United States follow a grid pattern, in which odd-numbered routes run generally north to south and even-numbered routes run generally east to west, though three-digit spur routes can be either-or.[d] Usually, one- and two-digit routes are major routes, and three-digit routes are numbered as shorter spur routes from a main route. Odd numbers generally increase from east to west; U.S. Route 1 (US 1) follows the Atlantic Coast and US 101 follows the Pacific Coast. (US 101 is one of the many exceptions to the standard numbering grid; its first ""digit"" is ""10"", and it is a main route on its own and not a spur of US 1.) Even numbers tend to increase from north to south; US 2 closely follows the Canadian border, and US 98 hugs the Gulf Coast. The longest routes connecting major cities are generally numbered to end in a 1 or a 0;[7] however, extensions and truncations have made this distinction largely meaningless.[8] These guidelines are very rough, and exceptions to all of the basic numbering rules exist. - In the 1950s, the numbering grid for the new Interstate Highway System was established as intentionally opposite from the US grid insofar as the direction the route numbers increase. Interstate Highway numbers increase from west-to-east and south-to-north, to keep identically numbered routes geographically apart in order to keep them from being confused with one another,[8] and it omits 50 and 60 which would potentially conflict with US 50 and US 60.[e] - In the US Highway system, three-digit numbers are assigned to spurs of one or two-digit routes. US 201, for example, splits from US 1 at Brunswick, Maine, and runs north to Canada.[9] Not all spurs travel in the same direction as their ""parents""; some are connected to their parents only by other spurs, or not at all, instead only traveling near their parents, Also, a spur may travel in different cardinal directions than its parent, such as US 522, which is a north–south route, unlike its parent US 22, which is east–west. As originally assigned, the first digit of the spurs increased from north to south and east to west along the parent; for example, US 60 had spurs, running from east to west, designated as US 160 in Missouri, US 260 in Oklahoma, US 360 in Texas, and US 460 and US 560 in New Mexico.[10] As with the two-digit routes, three-digit routes have been added, removed, extended and shortened; the ""parent-child"" relationship is not always present.[9][11] - AASHTO guidelines specifically prohibit Interstate Highways and U.S. Routes from sharing a number within the same state.[4] As with other guidelines, exceptions exist across the U.S.[11] - Some two-digit numbers have never been applied to any U.S. Route, including 39, 47, 86 and 88. - Route numbers are displayed on a distinctively-shaped white shield with large black numerals in the center. Often, the shield is displayed against a black square or rectangular background.[12] Each state manufactures their own signage, and as such subtle variations exist all across the United States. Individual states may use cut-out or rectangular designs, some have black outlines, and California prints the letters ""US"" above the numerals.[13] One- and two-digit shields generally feature the same large, bold numerals on a square-dimension shield, while 3-digit routes may either use the same shield with a narrower font, or a wider rectangular-dimension shield. Special routes may be indicated with a banner above the route number, or with a letter suffixed to the route number. Signs are generally displayed in several different locations. First, they are shown along the side of the route at regular intervals or after major intersections (called reassurance markers), which shows the route and the nominal direction of travel. Second, they are displayed at intersections with other major roads, so that intersecting traffic can follow their chosen course. Third, they can be displayed on large green guide signs that indicate upcoming interchanges on freeways and expressways.[12] - Since 1926, some divided routes were designated to serve related areas, and designate roughly-equivalent splits of routes. For instance, US 11 splits into US 11E (east) and US 11W (west) in Bristol, Virginia, and the routes rejoin in Knoxville, Tennessee. Occasionally only one of the two routes is suffixed; US 6N in Pennsylvania does not rejoin US 6 at its west end. AASHTO has been trying to eliminate these since 1934;[14] its current policy is to deny approval of new split routes and to eliminate existing ones ""as rapidly as the State Highway Department and the Standing Committee on Highways can reach agreement with reference thereto"".[4] - Special routes—those with a banner such as alternate or bypass—are also managed by AASHTO.[4] These are sometimes designated with lettered suffixes, like A for alternate or B for business.[f] - The official route log, last published by AASHTO in 1989, has been named United States Numbered Highways since its initial publication in 1926. Within the route log, ""U.S. Route"" is used in the table of contents, while ""United States Highway"" appears as the heading for each route. All reports of the Special Committee on Route Numbering since 1989 use ""U.S. Route"", and federal laws relating to highways use ""United States Route"" or ""U.S. Route"" more often than the ""Highway"" variants.[15] The use of U.S. Route or U.S. Highway on a local level depends on the state, with some states such as Delaware using ""route"" and others such as Colorado using ""highway"".[16][17] - In 1903, Horatio Nelson Jackson became the first documented person to drive an automobile from San Francisco to New York using only a connection of dirt roads, cow paths, and railroad beds. His journey, covered by the press, became a national sensation and called for a system of long-distance roads.[18] - In the early 1910s, auto trail organizations—most prominently the Lincoln Highway—began to spring up, marking and promoting routes for the new recreation of long-distance automobile travel. The Yellowstone Trail was another of the earliest examples. While many of these organizations worked with towns and states along the route to improve the roadways, others simply chose a route based on towns that were willing to pay dues, put up signs, and did little else.[1] - Wisconsin was the first state in the U.S. to number its highways, erecting signs in May 1918.[1] Other states soon followed. In 1922, the New England states got together to establish the six-state New England Interstate Routes.[19] - Behind the scenes, the federal aid program had begun with the passage of the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, providing 50% monetary support from the federal government for improvement of major roads. The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 limited the routes to 7% of each state's roads, while 3 in every 7 roads had to be ""interstate in character"". Identification of these main roads was completed in 1923.[1] - The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), formed in 1914 to help establish roadway standards, began to plan a system of marked and numbered ""interstate highways"" at its 1924 meeting.[20] AASHO recommended that the Secretary of Agriculture work with the states to designate these routes.[1] - Secretary Howard M. Gore appointed the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, as recommended by AASHO, on March 2, 1925. The Board was composed of 21 state highway officials and three federal Bureau of Public Roads officials. At the first meeting, on April 20 and 21, the group chose the name ""U.S. Highway"" as the designation for the routes. They decided that the system would not be limited to the federal-aid network; if the best route did not receive federal funds, it would still be included. The tentative design for the U.S. Route shield was also chosen,[21] based on the shield found on the Great Seal of the United States.[1] - The auto trail associations rejected the elimination of the highway names. Six regional meetings were held to hammer out the details—May 15 for the West, May 27 for the Mississippi Valley, June 3 for the Great Lakes, June 8 for the South, June 15 for the North Atlantic, and June 15 for New England. Representatives of the auto trail associations were not able to formally address the meetings. However, as a compromise, they talked with the Joint Board members. The associations finally settled on a general agreement with the numbering plans, as named trails would still be included. The tentative system added up to 81,000 miles (130,000 km), 2.8% of the public road mileage at the time.[1] - The second full meeting was held August 3 and 4, 1925. At that meeting, discussion was held over the appropriate density of routes. William F. Williams of Massachusetts and Frederick S. Greene of New York favored a system of only major transcontinental highways, while many states recommended a large number of roads of only regional importance. Greene in particular intended New York's system to have four major through routes as an example to the other states. Many states agreed in general with the scope of the system, but believed the Midwest to have added too many routes to the system. The group adopted the shield, with few modifications from the original sketch, at that meeting, as well as the decision to number rather than name the routes. A preliminary numbering system, with eight major east–west and ten major north–south routes, was deferred to a numbering committee ""without instructions"".[1] - After working with states to get their approval, the committee expanded the highway system to 75,800 miles (122,000 km), or 2.6% of total mileage, over 50% more than the plan approved August 4. The skeleton of the numbering plan was suggested on August 27 by Edwin Warley James of the BPR, who matched parity to direction, and laid out a rough grid. Major routes from the earlier map were assigned numbers ending in 0, 1 or 5 (5 was soon relegated to less-major status), and short connections received three-digit numbers based on the main highway from which they spurred. The five-man committee met September 25, and submitted the final report to the Joint Board secretary on October 26.[1] The board sent the report to the Secretary of Agriculture of October 30, and he approved it November 18, 1925.[10] - The new system was both praised and criticized by local newspapers, often depending on whether that city was connected to a major route. While the Lincoln Highway Association understood and supported the plan, partly because they were assured of getting the US 30 designation as much as possible, most other trail associations lamented their obsolescence. At their January 14–15, 1926 meeting, AASHO was flooded with complaints.[1] - In the Northeast, New York held out for fewer routes designated as US highways. The Pennsylvania representative, who had not attended the local meetings, convinced AASHO to add a dense network of routes, which had the effect of giving six routes termini along the state line. (Only US 220 still ends near the state line, and now it ends at an intersection with future I-86.) Because US 20 seemed indirect, passing through Yellowstone National Park, Idaho and Oregon requested that US 30 be swapped with US 20 to the Pacific coast.[1] - Many local disputes arose related to the committee's choices between designation of two roughly equal parallel routes, which were often competing auto trails. At their January meeting, AASHO approved the first two of many split routes (specifically US 40 between Manhattan, Kansas and Limon, Colorado and US 50 between Baldwin City, Kansas and Garden City, Kansas). In effect, each of the two routes received the same number, with a directional suffix indicating its relation to the other. These splits were initially shown in the log as—for instance—US 40 North and US 40 South, but were always posted as simply US 40N and US 40S.[1] - The most heated argument, however, was the issue of US 60. The Joint Board had assigned that number to the Chicago-Los Angeles route, which ran more north–south than west–east in Illinois, and then angled sharply to the southwest to Oklahoma City, from where it ran west to Los Angeles. Kentucky strongly objected to this designated route, as it had been left off any of the major east–west routes, instead receiving the US 62 designation. In January 1926, the committee designated this, along with the part of US 52 east of Ashland, Kentucky, as US 60. They assigned US 62 to the Chicago-Los Angeles route, contingent on the approval of the states along the former US 60. But Missouri and Oklahoma did object—Missouri had already printed maps, and Oklahoma had prepared signs. A compromise was proposed, in which US 60 would split at Springfield, Missouri, into US 60E and US 60N, but both sides objected. The final solution resulted in the assignment of US 66 to the Chicago-Los Angeles portion of the US highway, which did not end in zero, but was still seen as a satisfyingly round number.[1] Route 66 came to have a prominent place in popular culture, being featured in song and films. - With 32 states already marking their routes, the plan was approved by AASHO on November 11, 1926.[1] This plan included a number of directionally split routes, several discontinuous routes (including US 6, US 19 and US 50), and some termini at state lines.[22] By the time the first route log was published in April 1927, major numbering changes had been made in Pennsylvania in order to align the routes to the existing auto trails.[23] In addition, U.S. Route 15 had been extended across Virginia.[24] - Much of the early criticism of the U.S. Highway System focused on the choice of numbers to designate the highways, rather than names. Some thought a numbered highway system to be cold compared to the more colorful names and historic value of the auto trail systems. The New York Times wrote, ""The traveler may shed tears as he drives the Lincoln Highway or dream dreams as he speeds over the Jefferson Highway, but how can he get a 'kick' out of 46, 55 or 33 or 21?""[25] (A popular song later promised, ""Get your kicks on Route 66!"") The writer Ernest McGaffey was quoted as saying, ""Logarithms will take the place of legends, and 'hokum' for history.""[1] - When the U.S. numbered system was started in 1925, a few optional routings were established which were designated with a suffixed letter after the number indicating ""north"", ""south"", ""east"", or ""west"". While a few roads in the system are still numbered in this manner, AASHO believes that they should be eliminated wherever possible, by the absorption of one of the optional routes into another route. - In 1934, AASHO tried to eliminate many of the split routes by removing them from the log, and designating one of each pair as a three-digit or alternate route, or in one case US 37. AASHO described its renumbering concept in the October 1934 issue of American Highways:[14] - ""Wherever an alternate route is not suitable for its own unique two-digit designation, standard procedure assigns the unqualified number to the older or shorter route, while the other route uses the same number marked by a standard strip above its shield carrying the word 'Alternate'."" Most states adhere to this approach. However, some maintain legacy routes that violate the rules in various ways. Examples can be found in California, Mississippi, Nebraska, Oregon, and Tennessee. In 1952, AASHO permanently recognized the splits in US 11,[14] US 19, US 25, US 31, US 45, US 49, US 73, and US 99.[14] - For the most part, the U.S. Routes were the primary means of inter-city vehicle travel; the main exceptions were toll roads such as the Pennsylvania Turnpike and parkway routes such as the Merritt Parkway. Many of the first high-speed roads were U.S. Highways: the Gulf Freeway carried US 75,[26] the Pasadena Freeway carried US 66,[27] and the Pulaski Skyway carries US 1 and US 9.[28] - The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 appropriated funding for the Interstate Highway System, to construct a vast network of freeways across the country. By 1957, AASHO had decided to assign a new grid to the new routes, to be numbered in the opposite directions as the U.S. Highway grid. Though the Interstate numbers were to supplement, rather than replace, the U.S. Route numbers, in many cases (especially in the West) the US highways were rerouted along the new Interstates.[11] Major decommissioning of former routes began with California's highway renumbering in 1964. The 1985 removal of US 66 is often seen as the end of an era of US highways.[29] - A few major connections not served by Interstate Highways include US 6 from Hartford, Connecticut, to Providence, Rhode Island and US 93 from Phoenix, Arizona to Las Vegas, Nevada, though the latter is planned to be upgraded to Interstate 11. Three state capitals in the contiguous U.S. are served only by U.S. Routes: Dover, Delaware; Jefferson City, Missouri; and Pierre, South Dakota. - In 1995, the National Highway System was defined to include both the Interstate Highway System and other roads designated as important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. - AASHTO is in the process of eliminating all intrastate U.S. Highways less than 300 miles (480 km) in length ""as rapidly as the State Highway Department and the Standing Committee on Highways of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials can reach agreement with reference thereto"". New additions to the system must serve more than one state and ""substantially meet the current AASHTO design standards"".[4] A version of this policy has been in place since 1937.[30] - The original major transcontinental routes in 1925, along with the auto trails which they roughly replaced, were as follows:[1][10] - - US 10, US 60, and US 90 only ran about two thirds of the way across the country, while US 11 and US 60 ran significantly diagonally. US 60's violation of two of the conventions would prove to be one of the major sticking points; US 60 eventually was designated as US 66 in 1926, and later it became a part of popular culture. US 101 continues east and then south to end at Olympia, Washington.[22] The western terminus of US 2 is now at Everett, Washington.[9] -",2023-08-26 17:25:08 -Xerox Alto - Wikipedia,"The Xerox Alto is a computer that was designed from its inception to support an operating system based on a graphical user interface (GUI), later using the desktop metaphor.[7][8] The first machines were introduced on 1 March 1973,[9] a decade before mass-market GUI machines became available. - The Alto is contained in a relatively small cabinet and uses a custom central processing unit (CPU) built from multiple SSI and MSI integrated circuits. Each machine cost tens of thousands of dollars despite its status as a personal computer. Only small numbers were built initially, but by the late 1970s, about 1,000 were in use at various Xerox laboratories, and about another 500 in several universities. Total production was about 2,000 systems. - The Alto became well known in Silicon Valley and its GUI was increasingly seen as the future of computing. In 1979, Steve Jobs arranged a visit to Xerox PARC, during which Apple Computer personnel would receive demonstrations of Xerox technology in exchange for Xerox being able to purchase stock options in Apple.[10] After two visits to see the Alto, Apple engineers used the concepts in developing the Apple Lisa and Macintosh systems. - Xerox eventually commercialized a heavily modified version of the Alto concepts as the Xerox Star, first introduced in 1981. A complete office system including several workstations, storage and a laser printer cost as much as $100,000, and like the Alto, the Star had little direct impact on the market. - The first computer with a graphical operating system, the Alto built on earlier graphical interface designs. It was conceived in 1972 in a memo written by Butler Lampson, inspired by the oN-Line System (NLS) developed by Douglas Engelbart and Dustin Lindberg at SRI International (SRI). Of further influence was the PLATO education system developed at the Computer-based Education Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois.[11] The Alto was designed mostly by Charles P. Thacker. Industrial Design and manufacturing was sub-contracted to Xerox, whose Special Programs Group team included Doug Stewart as Program Manager, Abbey Silverstone Operations, Bob Nishimura, Industrial Designer. An initial run of 30 units was produced by Xerox El Segundo (Special Programs Group), working with John Ellenby at PARC and Doug Stewart and Abbey Silverstone at El Segundo, who were responsible for re-designing the Alto's electronics. Due to the success of the pilot run, the team went on to produce approximately 2,000 units over the next ten years.[12] - Several Xerox Alto chassis are now on display at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, one is on display at the Computer Museum of America in Roswell, Georgia, and several are in private hands. Running systems are on display at the System Source Computer Museum in Hunt Valley, Maryland. Charles P. Thacker was awarded the 2009 Turing Award of the Association for Computing Machinery on March 9, 2010, for his pioneering design and realization of the Alto.[13] The 2004 Charles Stark Draper Prize was awarded to Thacker, Alan C. Kay, Butler Lampson, and Robert W. Taylor for their work on Alto.[14] - On October 21, 2014, Xerox Alto's source code and other resources were released from the Computer History Museum.[15] - The following description is based mostly on the August 1976 Alto Hardware Manual[16] by Xerox PARC. - Alto uses a microcoded design, but unlike many computers, the microcode engine is not hidden from the programmer in a layered design. Applications such as Pinball take advantage of this to accelerate performance. The Alto has a bit-slice arithmetic logic unit (ALU) based on the Texas Instruments 74181 chip, a ROM control store with a writable control store extension and has 128 (expandable to 512) KB of main memory organized in 16-bit words. Mass storage is provided by a hard disk drive that uses a removable 2.5 MB one-platter cartridge (Diablo Systems, a company Xerox later bought) similar to those used by the IBM 2310. The base machine and one disk drive are housed in a cabinet about the size of a small refrigerator; one more disk drive can be added via daisy-chaining. - Alto both blurred and ignored the lines between functional elements. Rather than a distinct central processing unit with a well-defined electrical interface (e.g., system bus) to storage and peripherals, the Alto ALU interacts directly with hardware interfaces to memory and peripherals, driven by microinstructions that are output from the control store. The microcode machine supports up to 16 cooperative multitasking tasks, each with fixed priority. The emulator task executes the normal instruction set to which most applications are written; that instruction set is similar to, but not the same as, that of a Data General Nova.[17] Other tasks serve the display, memory refresh, disk, network, and other I/O functions. As an example, the bitmap display controller is little more than a 16-bit shift register; microcode moves display refresh data from main memory to the shift register, which serializes it into a display of pixels corresponding to the ones and zeros of the memory data. Ethernet is likewise supported by minimal hardware, with a shift register that acts bidirectionally to serialize output words and deserialize input words. Its speed was designed to be 3 Mbit/s because the microcode engine could not go faster and continue to support the video display, disk activity and memory refresh. - Unlike most minicomputers of the era, Alto does not support a serial terminal for user interface. Apart from an Ethernet connection, the Alto's only common output device is a bi-level (black and white) cathode-ray tube (CRT) display with a tilt-and-swivel base, mounted in portrait orientation rather than the more common ""landscape"" orientation. Its input devices are a custom detachable keyboard, a three-button mouse, and an optional 5-key chorded keyboard (chord keyset). The last two items had been introduced by SRI's On-Line System; while the mouse was an instant success among Alto users, the chord keyset never became popular. - In the early mice, the buttons were three narrow bars, arranged top to bottom rather than side to side; they were named after their colors in the documentation. The motion was sensed by two wheels perpendicular to each other. These were soon replaced with a ball-type mouse, which was invented by Ronald E. Rider and developed by Bill English. These were photo-mechanical mice, first using white light, and then infrared (IR), to count the rotations of wheels inside the mouse. - Each key on the Alto keyboard is represented as a separate bit in a set of memory locations. As a result, it is possible to read multiple key presses concurrently. This trait can be used to alter from where on the disk the Alto boots. The keyboard value is used as the sector address on the disk to boot from, and by holding specific keys down while pressing the boot button, different microcode and operating systems can be loaded. This gave rise to the expression ""nose boot"" where the keys needed to boot for a test OS release required more fingers than you could come up with. Nose boots were made obsolete by the move2keys program that shifted files on the disk so that a specified key sequence could be used. - Several other I/O devices were developed for the Alto, including a TV camera, the Hy-Type daisywheel printer and a parallel port, although these were quite rare. The Alto could also control external disk drives to act as a file server. This was a common application for the machine. - Early software for the Alto was written in the programming language BCPL, and later in Mesa,[2] which was not widely used outside PARC but influenced several later languages, such as Modula. The Alto used an early version of ASCII which lacked the underscore character, instead having the left-arrow character used in ALGOL 60 and many derivatives for the assignment operator: this peculiarity may have been the source of the CamelCase style for compound identifiers. Altos were also microcode-programmable by users.[16] - The Alto helped popularize the use of raster graphics model for all output, including text and graphics. It also introduced the concept of the bit block transfer operation (bit blit, BitBLT), as the fundamental programming interface to the display. Despite its small memory size, many innovative programs were written for the Alto, including: - There was no spreadsheet or database software. The first electronic spreadsheet program, VisiCalc, did not appear until 1979. - Technically, the Alto was a small minicomputer, but it could be considered a personal computer in the sense that it was used by one person sitting at a desk, in contrast with the mainframe computers and other minicomputers of the era. It was arguably ""the first personal computer"", although this title is disputed by others. More significantly (and perhaps less controversially), it may be considered to be one of the first workstation systems, with successors such as the Apollo workstations and systems by Symbolics (designed to natively run Lisp as a development environment.)[21] - In 1976 to 1977, the Swiss computer pioneer Niklaus Wirth spent a sabbatical at PARC and was excited by the Alto. Unable to bring back one of the Alto systems to Europe, Wirth decided to build a new system from scratch and he designed with his group the Lilith.[22] Lilith was ready to use around 1980, quite some time before Apple Lisa and Macintosh were released. Around 1985 Wirth started a complete redesign of the Lilith under the Name ""Project Oberon"". - In 1978, Xerox donated 50 Altos to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Carnegie Mellon University,[2] and the University of Rochester.[23] The National Bureau of Standards's Institute for Computer Sciences in Gaithersburg, Maryland received one Alto in late 1978 along with Xerox Interim File System (IFS) file servers and Dover laser printers. These machines were the inspiration for the ETH Zuerich Lilith and Three Rivers Company PERQ workstations, and the Stanford University Network (SUN) workstation, which was eventually marketed by a spin-off company, Sun Microsystems. The Apollo/Domain workstation was heavily influenced by the Alto. - Following the acquisition of an Alto, the White House information systems department sought to lead federal computer suppliers in its direction. The Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP) issued a request for proposal for a computer system to replace the aging Office of Management and Budget (OMB) budget system, using Alto-like workstations, connected to an IBM-compatible mainframe. The request was eventually withdrawn because no mainframe producer could supply such a configuration. - In December 1979, Apple Computer's co-founder Steve Jobs visited Xerox PARC, where he was shown the Smalltalk-80 object-oriented programming environment, networking, and most importantly the WYSIWYG, mouse-driven graphical user interface provided by the Alto. At the time, he didn't recognize the significance of the first two, but was excited by the last one, promptly integrating it into Apple's products; first into the Lisa and then in the Macintosh, attracting several key researchers to work in his company.[24] - In 1980-1981, Xerox Altos were used by engineers at PARC and at the Xerox System Development Department to design the Xerox Star workstations. - Xerox was slow to realize the value of the technology that had been developed at PARC.[25] The Xerox corporate acquisition of Scientific Data Systems (SDS, later XDS) in the late 1960s had no interest to PARC. PARC built their own emulation of the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 named the MAXC.[26] The MAXC was PARC's gateway machine to the ARPANET. The firm was reluctant to get into the computer business again with commercially untested designs, although many of the philosophies would ship in later products. - Byte magazine stated in 1981,[2] - It is unlikely that a person outside of the computer-science research community will ever be able to buy an Alto. They are not intended for commercial sale, but rather as development tools for Xerox, and so will not be mass-produced. What makes them worthy of mention is the fact that a large number of the personal computers of tomorrow will be designed with knowledge gained from the development of the Alto. After the Alto, PARC developed more powerful workstations (none intended as projects[clarification needed]) informally termed ""the D-machines"": Dandelion (least powerful, but the only to be made a product in one form), Dolphin; Dorado (most powerful; an emitter-coupled logic (ECL) machine); and hybrids like the Dandel-Iris. - Before the advent of personal computers such as the Apple II in 1977 and the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) in 1981, the computer market was dominated by costly mainframes and minicomputers equipped with dumb terminals that time-shared the processing time of the central computer. Through the 1970s, Xerox showed no interest in the work done at PARC. When Xerox finally entered the PC market with the Xerox 820, they pointedly rejected the Alto design and opted instead for a very conventional model, a CP/M-based machine with the then-standard 80 by 24 character-only monitor and no mouse. - With the help of PARC researchers, Xerox eventually developed the Xerox Star, based on the Dandelion workstation, and later the cost reduced Star, the 6085 office system, based on the Daybreak workstation. These machines, based on the 'Wildflower' architecture described in a paper by Butler Lampson, incorporated most of the Alto innovations, including the graphical user interface with icons, windows, folders, Ethernet-based local networking, and network-based laser printer services. - Xerox only realized their mistake in the early 1980s, after Apple's Macintosh revolutionized the PC market via its bitmap display and the mouse-centered interface. Both of these were copied from the Alto.[25] While the Xerox Star series was a relative commercial success, it came too late. The expensive Xerox workstations could not compete against the cheaper GUI-based workstations that arose in the wake of the first Macintosh, and Xerox eventually quit the workstation market for good. - 1975–1981 (Alto II) -",2023-08-26 17:25:12 -2nd Arkhangelsk United Aviation Division - Wikipedia,"JSC ""2nd Arkhangelsk United Aviation Division"" (Russian: ОАО «2-й Архангельский объединенный авиаотряд», romanized: OAO «2-j Archangeljskij ob‘jedinenný aviaotrjad») is an airline based in Arkhangelsk, Russia. It operates regional passenger and cargo services, as well as overseas humanitarian and peace-keeping work. Its main base is Vaskovo Airport, Arkhangelsk.[1] - The 2nd Arkhangelsk Aviation Enterprise fleet includes the following aircraft:[2] - - This article relating to a Russian airline is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:25:17 -Abdelhameed Amarri - Wikipedia,"Abdelhameed Amarri (Arabic: عبد الحميد السعودي)is a Sudanese football striker. He currently plays for Khartoum. - Amarri also played for the Sudan national team. In the 2007 Cecafa Cup, he helped the squad win the tournament and was named the top scorer. - - This biographical article related to Sudanese association football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:25:20 -Yamanaka Onsen - Wikipedia,"Yamanaka Onsen (山中温泉, yamanaka onsen) is a hot spring resort in the city of Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As its name implies, it is in a mountainous region. The Daishoji River runs through the resort. It is a popular tourist spot for Japanese and foreign travelers. - This hot spring has one hotel and 20 ryokan. - Yamanaka Onsen has a very ancient history, and there are several myths about its foundation. One story attributes it to the wandering Buddhist monk Gyōki in the Nara period. Another story states that the Kamakura period samurai Hasebe Nobutsura discovered the springs while following an injured white heron and seeing it bath in the hot waters. - It was patronised in the Muromachi period by the Ikkō-ikki leader Rennyo and was visited in the Edo period by the poet Matsuo Bashō. - During World War II, it was designated as a military hospital area for the Imperial Japanese Navy. - Plaza at center of town in early morning - Daishoji River that runs the side of town - A famous bridge in Yamanaka onsen - Kakusen gorge - - This Ishikawa Prefecture location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:25:26 -Yale Glacier - Wikipedia,"Yale Glacier is a 20 mi (32 km) long glacier in the U.S. state of Alaska. It begins at the saddle between Mount Witherspoon and Mount Einstein, and trends southwest to Yale Arm of College Fjord, 47 miles (76 km) west of Valdez. It was named for Yale University by members of the 1899 Harriman Alaska Expedition.[1] - Yale Glacier is 20 miles long. Its width varies from a mile and a quarter to two miles. In its lower portion, the glacier slopes at the rate of 600 to 700 feet per mile, attaining an elevation of 2500 feet three miles and a half from the front, and ascending gradually to 6000 or 7000 foot cirques east of Mt. Glenn. The Yale Glacier, though wider at the terminus, is probably not as long as the Harvard Glacier. It terminates in the Yale Arm of College Fiord, with an unusually irregular front, the south side of the glacier extending \\ miles further down the fiord than the north side. This terminal cliff is between 200 and 300 feet high. There are well-marked lateral moraines, but no medial moraines. In the absence of a number of large tributaries which supply quantities of ice, and lateral moraines that become medials, Yale Glacier differs very decidedly from Harvard Glacier. The distant tributaries are rather small glaciers cascading from extensive neve fields on the mountain slopes. In the lower part of the glacier there are not many tributaries on the northwestern side, contrasting with a considerable number which descend on the southeastern side from the snowfields and cirques about Mt. Castner and other mountains between College Fiord and Unakwik Inlet.[2] - Applegate's map of Yale Glacier in 1887 shows it terminating somewhere between College Point and the present stand; but since he did not approach the glacier nearer than 12 miles, about the same as Vancouver did in 1794, it is impossible to draw any conclusions from these early maps concerning the behavior of Yale Glacier prior to 1898. From a photograph taken by Mendenhall in the latter part of April, 1898, it is evident that the rock ledges were exposed beneath the middle of the ice front and the eastern half exhibited ""the rough pinnacled front of a still-advancing stream. Its western front is of dead-white ice."" On this same occasion, Castner went on snowshoes some distance up the margin of the Yale Glacier, which may perhaps show that it was then less severely crevassed than in 1910 when traveling upon its surface was impossible. Glenn gives a vivid description of Yale and Harvard glaciers as he saw them in 1898 from College Fiord. ""The day was dry and clear. Directly in our front was the most imposing sight we had yet seen—I might add more imposing than any we saw during the season. Glistening in the sun were two large glaciers, which we named the 'Twin Glaciers,' t the pair being separated by a short ridge or hogback that runs down to salt water. In front of the one on our right the sea ice extended for over 3 miles, while in front of the other this sea ice extended at least twice that distance. This ice was covered with snow several feet in depth. We soon discovered that it would bear up the weight of a man and that we could make no headway against it with the boat. Each of these glaciers is what is termed 'live' or 'working' glaciers. The front of each was an almost perpendicular mass of ice, from which immense pieces were constantly breaking off and falling into the sea with a great roaring noise, due principally to the action of the tides.""[2] - The map of Yale Glacier by Gannett, the description by Gilbert, and the photographs by other members of the Harriman Expedition in 1899 show clearly that in all major features of position Yale Glacier had at that time assumed the general conditions which prevailed in 1910. The rock ledges beneath the center of the glacier are seen in the photographs, and Gilbert indicates that there were barren zones at the margins. He explains the dirty ice near the northwestern side of the glacier as follows: ""A blackening, west of the middle, by glacial drift suggests that a rock knob may lie near the surface, ready to develop into a nunatak or island if the glacier shall diminish."" The photographs and descriptions by Grant in 1905 and 1909, and the map by Higgins in the latter year show that Yale Glacier maintained essentially the same conditions during the decade following 1899. The narrowness of the barren zones in 1909 leads Grant to conclude that the eastern margin was slightly farther advanced in that year than in 1898 and 1899. In 1910, Yale Glacier was advancing strongly. The advance had covered most of the barren zone along the southeastern margin, though some still remained in places. Near the terminus the entire marginal barren zone was covered by ice, and bushes were being overridden, but in front of the glacier there were rock slopes bare of vegetation. Bordering part of the glacier margin was a push moraine of till, bowlders and wood, and there were also some peat rolls. The presence of recently overturned bushes lying on the winter's snow, proves that the advance was in progress during the spring of 1910. The northwestern margin of Yale Glacier was also advancing rapidly. At the water's edge the glacier terminated on beach and alluvial fan gravels in part undisturbed; but above tide level there was a gravel push moraine including some tree trunks. Farther back along this margin practically all the former barren zone had been overridden, and the glacier was destroying thickets of alder and willow bushes from 10 to 33 years old. The relationship to snow banks proves that part of this advance had taken place during the preceding autumn or early winter.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:25:30 -Ajere Ifa - Wikipedia,"Agere ifa (àgéré Ifá) is a holding receptacle, vessel or container for keeping and raising the sacred palm nuts or ikin used in Yoruba divination. Most Agere are made from a medium of wood, but also ivory and coconut shells.[1] - Given its ritual and aesthetic functions, àgéré Ifá provides the Yoruba carver with a unique opportunity to display his artistic talents. - Usually carved from wood and measuring between five and sixteen inches in height, a typical container is in the form of an animal or human figure bearing a small bowl. In some cases, the metaphysical attribute of a given animal motif (such as a snake or mudfish) may be used to further empower the sacred palm nuts inside the bowl. But when the motif assumes a human form, it frequently has a votive significance, especially since some àgéré Ifá are given by clients to a diviner to thank Òrúnmìlà for a blessing or to implore the deity to bestow more favors on the donor.[2] -[3] -",2023-08-26 17:25:33 -2014 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships – Women's cross-country - Wikipedia,,2023-08-26 17:25:36 -"Tekpınar, Taşova - Wikipedia","Tekpınar is a village in the Taşova District, Amasya Province, Turkey.[1] Its population is 50 (2021).[2] - - - This geographical article about a location in Amasya Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:25:40 -List of Iranian gliders - Wikipedia," - This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available).[1] -Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer. -",2023-08-26 17:25:44 -A Flower Bookmark 2 - Wikipedia,"A Flower Bookmark 2 (Korean: 꽃갈피둘; RR: Kkotgalpi dul) is the second cover extended play by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It is also her sixth Korean-language extended play. The EP was released on September 22, 2017, by LOEN Entertainment under its imprint FAVE Entertainment. Like her previous cover album, A Flower Bookmark features cover versions of nostalgic K-pop songs popularized from the 1960s to the 2000s. - A Flower Bookmark 2 consists of cover versions of nostalgic K-pop songs popularized from the 1960s to the 2000s, including ""Autumn Morning"" (Yang Hee-eun, 1991), ""Last Night Story"" (Sobangcha, 1988), ""Sleepless Rainy Night"" (Kim Gun-mo, 1990), ""Secret Garden"" (Lee Tzsche, 2003), ""By the Stream"" (Jeong Mi-jo, 1972) and ""Everyday with You"" (Deulgukhwa, 1980s).[1] It was reported that IU personally approached the artists directly to ask for permission to remake their songs.[2] - On September 18, 2017, ""Autumn Morning"" was released to coincide with the singer's ninth anniversary.[3] The rest of the tracks were digitally released four days later, along with a music video of ""Last Night Story"" and a special performance clip of ""Sleepless Rainy Night"".[4] The physical release of the album was scheduled to be September 25, but was postponed to October 12[5] because the remake album was originally going to include ""With the Heart to Forget You"" by the late singer Kim Kwang-seok. However, due to the recent revelations surrounding his daughter's death, FAVE decided to remove the track from IU's album.[6][7] On January 6, 2018, IU unveiled a music video for the song, describing it as a tribute to the late singer Kim Kwang-seok. She shared, ""As a loving fan of his music, I'd like to express my respect and memory to Kim Kwang-seok with this beautiful song sung with all my sincerity.""[8][9] - ""Autumn Morning"" achieved a perfect all-kill status two days after its release.[10] The song also peaked at number one on the Gaon Digital Chart.[11] - The Korea Herald said that the album lacked raw emotions, and IU's voice failed to bear the weight and complicated emotions of the originals.[13] - Billboard's review of the album was positive, explaining that ""IU's latest features six cover songs that takes the vocalist’s sound into bygone decades, delving into genres like folk and nu-disco to prove her worth as one of South Korea’s most formidable songstresses.""[1] - The 405 says that ""isn't content to just mimic her childhood favorites, these are classic Korean songs completely re-imagined and recreated to into something undeniably 'IU'.""[14] - - ""Autumn Morning (가을 아침)"" - - ""Sleepless Rainy Night (잠 못 드는 밤 비는 내리고)"" -",2023-08-26 17:25:47 -Electrocochleography - Wikipedia,"Electrocochleography (abbreviated ECochG or ECOG) is a technique of recording electrical potentials generated in the inner ear and auditory nerve in response to sound stimulation, using an electrode placed in the ear canal or tympanic membrane.[1] The test is performed by an otologist or audiologist with specialized training, and is used for detection of elevated inner ear pressure (endolymphatic hydrops) or for the testing and monitoring of inner ear and auditory nerve function during surgery.[2] - The most common clinical applications of electrocochleography include: - The basilar membrane and the hair cells of the cochlea function as a sharply tuned frequency analyzer.[3] Sound is transmitted to the inner ear via vibration of the tympanic membrane, leading to movement of the middle ear bones (malleus, incus, and stapes). Movement of the stapes on the oval window generates a pressure wave in the perilymph within the cochlea, causing the basilar membrane to vibrate. Sounds of different frequencies vibrate different parts of the basilar membrane, and the point of maximal vibration amplitude depends on the sound frequency.[4] - As the basilar membrane vibrates, the hair cells attached to this membrane are rhythmically pushed up against the tectorial membrane, bending the hair cell stereocilia. This opens mechanically gated ion channels on the hair cell, allowing influx of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions. The flow of ions generates an AC current through the hair cell surface, at the same frequency as the acoustic stimulus. This measurable AC voltage is called the cochlear microphonic (CM), which mimics the stimulus. The hair cells function as a transducer, converting the mechanical movement of the basilar membrane into electrical voltage, in a process requiring ATP from the stria vascularis as an energy source. - The depolarized hair cell releases neurotransmitters across a synapse to primary auditory neurons of the spiral ganglion. Upon reaching receptors on the postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons, the neurotransmitters induce a postsynaptic potential or generator potential in the neuronal projections. When a certain threshold potential is reached, the spiral ganglion neuron fires an action potential, which enters the auditory processing pathway of the brain. - A resting endolymphatic potential of a normal cochlea is + 80 mV. There are at least 3 other potentials generated upon cochlear stimulation: - As described above, the cochlear microphonic (CM) is an alternating current (AC) voltage that mirrors the waveform of the acoustic stimulus. It is dominated by the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. The magnitude of the recording is dependent on the proximity of the recording electrodes to the hair cells. The CM is proportional to the displacement of the basilar membrane.[4] A fourth potential, the auditory nerve neurophonic, is sometimes dissociated from the CM. The neurophonic represents the neural part (auditory nerve spikes) phased-locked to the stimulus and is similar to the Frequency following response.[5] - The summating potential (SP), first described by Tasaki et al. in 1954, represents the direct current (DC) response of the hair cells as they move in conjunction with the basilar membrane,[6] as well as the DC response from dendritic and axonal potentials of the auditory nerve.[7] The SP is the stimulus-related potential of the cochlea. Although historically it has been the least studied, renewed interest has surfaced due to changes in the SP reported in cases of endolymphatic hydrops or Ménière's disease. - The auditory nerve action potential, also called the compound action potential (CAP), is the most widely studied component in ECochG. The AP represents the summed response of the synchronous firing of the nerve fibers. It also appears as an AC voltage. The first and largest wave (N1) is identical to wave I of auditory brainstem response (ABR). Following this is N2, which is identical to wave II of the ABR. The magnitude of the action potential reflects the number of fibers that are firing. The latency of the AP is measured as the time between the onset and the peak of the N1 wave. - ECochG can be performed with either invasive or non-invasive electrodes. Invasive electrodes, such as transtympanic (TT) needles, give clearer, more robust electrical responses (with larger amplitudes) since the electrodes are very close to the voltage generators. The needle is placed on the promontory wall of the middle ear and the round window. Non-invasive, or extratympanic (ET), electrodes have the advantage of not causing pain or discomfort to the patient. Unlike with invasive electrodes, there is no need for sedation, anesthesia, or medical supervision. The responses, however, are smaller in magnitude. - Auditory stimuli in the form of broadband clicks 100 microseconds in duration are used. The stimulus polarity can be rarefaction polarity, condensation polarity, or alternating polarity. Signals are recorded from a primary recording (non-inverted) electrode located in the ear canal, tympanic membrane, or promontory (depending on type of electrode used). Reference (inverting) electrodes can be placed on the contralateral earlobe, mastoid, or ear canal. - The signal is processed, including signal amplification (by as much as a factor 100000 for extratympanic electrode recordings), noise filtration, and signal averaging. A band-pass filter from 10 Hz to 1.5 kHz is often used. - The CM, SP, and AP are all used in the diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops and Ménière's disease. In particular, abnormally high SP and a high SP:AP ratio are signs of Ménière's disease. An SP:AP ratio of 0.45 or greater is considered abnormal. - The CM was first discovered in 1930 by Ernest Wever and Charles Bray in cats.[8] Wever and Bray mistakenly concluded that this recording was generated by the auditory nerve. They named the discovery the ""Wever-Bray effect"". Hallowell Davis and A.J. Derbyshire from Harvard replicated the study and concluded that the waves were in fact cochlear origin and not from the auditory nerve.[9] - Fromm et al. were the first investigators to employ the ECochG technique in humans by inserting a wire electrode through the tympanic membrane and recording the CM from the niche of the round window and cochlear promontory. Their first measurement of the CM in humans was in 1935.[10] They also discovered the N1, N2, and N3 waves following the CM, but it was Tasaki who identified these waves as auditory nerve action potentials. - Fisch and Ruben were the first to record the compound action potentials from both the round window and the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) in cats and mice.[11] Ruben was also the first person to use CM and AP clinically. - The summating potential, a stimulus-related hair cell potential, was first described by Tasaki and colleagues in 1954.[6] Ernest J. Moore was the first investigator to record the CM from surface electrodes. In 1971, Moore conducted five experiments in which he recorded CM and AP from 38 human subjects using surface electrodes. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the validity of the responses and to develop an artifact-free earphone system.[12] Unfortunately, bulk of his work was never published. -",2023-08-26 17:25:51 -Robin Cheong - Wikipedia," - Robin Haeyoun Cheong (born 16 December 1988 in Republic of Korea) is a New Zealand taekwondo athlete, who competed in the Women's 57 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, China reaching quarter finals and eventually ranked 7th. She won gold medal that same year in the Beijing Olympic Selection competition.[1] - Cheong is a 2010 SPARC Taekwondo High Performance Project recipient, allowing her to compete internationally as a preparation for the forthcoming 2012 London Olympic Games. - In 2008, she received the most prestigious University award - the New Zealand University Blue.[2] - Cheong is a resident of Pinehill, Auckland. She is a member of Sejong Taekwondo[3] club and is coached by Grandmaster Jin Keun Oh. - She qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics, but was knocked out in the first round by Hedaya Malak.[4] - Other Robin's competition results include: -",2023-08-26 17:25:54 -Paul Levy (journalist) - Wikipedia," - Paul Levy (born 26 February 1941 in Lexington, Kentucky) is a US/British author and journalist. He lives with his wife, art historian, Penelope Marcus, in Oxfordshire UK. - With Ann Barr[1] (and synchronically Gael Greene), he coined the word ""foodie"" (and some say exemplified the concept). He has won many British and American food writing and journalism prizes, including two commendations in the British Press Awards, in 1985 and 1987. -He is the author of the standard work on the philosopher G.E. Moore and the Cambridge Apostles and the editor of several books of Lytton Strachey, including The Letters of Lytton Strachey. - Levy attended Lafayette High School, Lexington, KY; University of Chicago; University College London; Harvard (Ph.D. 1979); Nuffield College, Oxford. - Levy was Food and Wine editor for The Observer in the 1980s. He was subsequently arts correspondent for The Wall Street Journal, where he reported to Raymond Sokolov, and Wall Street Journal Europe. He blogs on culture at ArtsJournal.com/plainenglish, contributes obituaries to the Independent, Guardian and Telegraph, and has written many entries for The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. . He is co-literary executor of Lytton Strachey's estate, trustee of the Strachey Trust, and Chair Emeritus of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery. -",2023-08-26 17:25:58 -Regents Park Estate - Wikipedia," - Regents Park Estate is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region 9. - This Johannesburg-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:26:02 -Mandibular second premolar - Wikipedia,"The mandibular second premolar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first molars. The function of this premolar is assist the mandibular first molar during mastication, commonly known as chewing. Mandibular second premolars have three cusps. There is one large cusp on the buccal side (closest to the cheek) of the tooth. The lingual cusps (located nearer the tongue) are well developed and functional (which refers to cusps assisting during chewing). Therefore, whereas the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine, the mandibular second premolar is more alike to the first molar. There are no deciduous (baby) mandibular premolars. Instead, the teeth that precede the permanent mandibular premolars are the deciduous mandibular molars. - Anatomy: The mandibular second premolar most commonly has three cusps but can have two as well. The three cusp variety has one large cusp on the buccal with two smaller lingual cusps. The mesiolingual cusp is twice the size of the distolingual cusp. Viewed from the occlusal (looking down onto the biting surface of the tooth) the tooth is rather square in outline, particularly on the lingual. The occlusal table (the area bounded by the cusps, cusp ridges, and marginal ridges) is rectangular. The groove pattern is shaped like a “Y” with the tail pointed to the lingual and placed between the distolingual and mesiolingual cusps one third of the distance form the distal to the mesial. The contacts with the adjacent teeth are positioned buccal to the midpoint. Viewed from the buccal the buccal cusp tip is centered mesiodistally. The buccal cusp ridges exhibit slight concavities that extend over the buccal surfaces as developmental grooves into the gingival embrasure. The contacts with adjacent teeth are in the occlusal third of the tooth with the distal height of contour slightly closer to the gingival than the mesial height of contour. The root is generally straight with slight curvature to the distal in the apical third. Viewed from the mesial or distal the buccal height of contour is in the gingival third of the tooth. The lingual height of contour is in the middle third of the tooth (not the middle third of the lingual cusp). When divided into thirds from the buccal height of contour to the lingual height of contour, the buccal cusp is at the contact between the buccal and middle thirds and the central groove is at the contact of the middle and lingual thirds. The two cusp variety generally has a groove pattern shaped like a “U” or “H”. Viewed from the occlusal it is more rounded in general and its lingual cusp is positioned slightly to the mesial, while the occlusal table remains squared. Viewed from the buccal the buccal cusp is centered over the root as in the three cusp variety. Viewed from the mesial or distal its heights of contour are similar to the three cusp variety. - Sometimes, premolars are referred to as bicuspids. Even though the terms are synonymous, ""bicuspid"" refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular second premolar is an example of a premolar with three functional cusps. Thus, ""biscupid"" is technically not as accurate as ""premolar"". - In the universal system of notation, the permanent mandibular premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent mandibular second premolar is known as ""29"", and the left one is known as ""20"". In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right second premolars would have the same number, ""5"", but the right one would have the symbol, ""┐"", over it, while the left one would have, ""┌"". The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent mandibular second premolar is known as ""45"", and the left one is known as ""35"". - It is a very common condition in orthodontics for a patient to have one or both mandibular second premolars congenitally absent. -",2023-08-26 17:26:05 -Nizhniy Ayryum - Wikipedia,"Nizhniy Ayryum (Russian: Нижний Айрюм; Adyghe: Ычӏэгъ Арым) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ayryumovskoye Rural Settlement of Giaginsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 264 as of 2018.[2] There are 4 streets. - Nizhniy Ayryum is located 16 km east of Giaginskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novy and Obraztsovoye are the nearest rural localities.[3] - This Adygea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:26:09 -Nanban-ji - Wikipedia,"Nanban-ji (南蛮寺, also pronounced Nanbandera) is a name applied to spaces or structures used by Christian missionaries and Japanese Christian converts in the early history of the Catholic Church in Japan.[1] Whether converted from existing temples or built for purpose as churches and centers for Christian education, buildings known as Nanban-ji (temple of/for the southern barbarians) were present in Kyōto, Nagasaki, Hirado, Azuchi, Osaka, Kanazawa, Sunpu, and Edo.[2] Using the term Deus for God, the temples were also called Daiusu-ji (だいうす寺) and Daiusu-dō (だいうす堂). - Structures known as Nanban-ji were destroyed from Toyotomi Hideyoshi's 1588 edict against Christians in Japan, with some fragments of construction remaining and eventually being deposited in museums. There are also depictions in contemporary art, and in the narratives of missionaries such as Luís Fróis. -",2023-08-26 17:26:12 -Fenzi (surname) - Wikipedia,"Fenzi may refer to: -",2023-08-26 17:26:16 -New Orleans blues - Wikipedia,"New Orleans blues is a subgenre of blues that developed in and around the city of New Orleans, influenced by jazz and Caribbean music. It is dominated by piano and saxophone, but also produced guitar bluesmen. - As a style, New Orleans blues is primarily driven by piano and French horn, enlivened by Caribbean rhythms and Dixieland music. It is generally cheerful in delivery regardless of the subject, with a laidback tempo and complex rhythms falling just behind the beat. Vocals range from laidback crooning to full-throated gospel shouting.[1] - New Orleans is generally credited as the birthplace of jazz music, but has attracted less attention as a center of the blues. The 12-bar blues were well known in the city before most of the rest of the country. Buddy Bolden's band was remembered at excelling on playing blues before 1906. Anthony Maggio's ""I Got the Blues"" was an early example of published blues sheet music from 1908. The Original Dixieland Jass Band's ""Livery Stable Blues"", generally considered the first jazz record, is in a fast blues form.[citation needed][opinion] - Although New Orleans has drawn to it and produced fewer blues musicians than other major US urban centers with large African-American populations, it has been the center of a distinctive form of blues music, which has been pursued by some notable musicians and produced important recordings,[2] such as Professor Longhair and Guitar Slim, who both had regional, R&B and even mainstream chart hits.[citation needed] - In the period after World War II, a very large number of recordings were produced in the city that were informed by the blues, but had strong R&B and pop influences that anticipated rock and roll and are difficult to classify.[2] Among these artists, the most highly regarded and most influenced by the blues was piano-player Professor Longhair, whose signature song ""Mardi Gras in New Orleans"" (1949) and other recordings such as ""Tipitina"" (1959) were major R&B hits, and who remained a central figure in New Orleans music through to his death in 1980.[3] - Other significant figures playing keyboard-based blues include James Booker, whose organ instrumental ""Gonzo"" reached the top 50 in the Billboard chart in 1960 and was followed by a series of minor single hits.[4] - The most significant blues guitarist to emerge from the city in the post-World War II period was Guitar Slim, originally from the Delta. His ""The Things That I Used to Do"", which combined gospel, blues and R&B, was a major R&B hit in 1954 and may have influenced the development of later soul music.[2] It also influenced the development of rock music, having been included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll,[5] featuring an electric guitar solo with distorted overtones.[6] - Other important blues guitarists from the city include Snooks Eaglin, who recorded both acoustic folk and electric-based R&B,[2] and Earl King, who composed blues standards including ""Come On"" (covered by Jimi Hendrix and Stevie Ray Vaughan) and Professor Longhair's ""Big Chief"".[7] Also among the major figures of the genre was Dr. John, who began as a guitarist and enjoyed regional success with the Bo Diddley–influenced ""Storm Warning"" in 1959, and had a highly successful career from the 1960s after moving to Los Angeles, mixing R&B with psychedelic rock and using New Orleans-themed aesthetics.[8] - The careers of many New Orleans bluesmen declined in the 1960s, as rock and roll and soul began to dominate popular music, but revived in the 1970s, when there was renewed interest in their recordings.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:26:19 -Okyōzuka Site - Wikipedia,"The Okyōzuka Site (御経塚遺跡, Okyōzuka iseki) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a middle to final Jōmon period (around 1700–500 BC) settlement in the Kyōzuka neighborhood of the city of Nonoichi, Ishikawa in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1977.[1] - The Okyōzuka Site was discovered in 1954 and an excavation survey was conducted from 1955. It was one of the largest settlements in the Hokuriku region from the middle to the late Jōmon period. The ruins straddle the eastern side of Japan National Route 8, and cover an area of about 35,000 square meters. Some 28 pit dwellings have been investigated in more than ten excavations since 1955. The settlement was in a horseshoe-shape, with a diameter of about 200 meters and a plaza in the center. [2] - The site was noted for the huge number of artifacts discovered: 542 Jōmon pottery or earthenware objects, 3642 stone tools or fragments, 23 bone tools, ritual clay figurines and other objects, of which a total of 4219 items were collectively designated as National Important Cultural Properties on June 29, 2010. [3] - The pottery centered on deep and shallow pots with regional characteristics unique to the Hokuriku region while being influenced by both eastern and western Japan, and since chronological continuity is also recognized, it is a type site for ""Mitsutsuka-style"" Jōmon pottery which has been found throughout the Hokuriku region. Many of the clay figurines excavated at this site are important because they can likewise be periodized according to their form and pattern.[2] - The south side of the ruins is maintained as an archaeological park, and the west half of the site used as a place to enjoy simple sports, with the east side divided into a restored pit dwellings and a learning area centered on vegetation of virgin forest and the Nonoichi City Furusato History Museum (野々市市ふるさと歴史館, Nonoichishi Furusato rikishi-kan) which displays a number of artifacts from the site. It is located about a ten-minute walk from Nonoichi Station on the JR West Hokuriku Main Line.[2] - foundations of pit dwellings - restored pit dwelling - Map of excavations - Media related to Okyōzuka Site at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:26:23 -Laura H. Lewis - Wikipedia,"Laura Henderson Lewis is an American electronic materials scientist and engineer. She is a distinguished university professor at Northeastern University, having previously served as the department chair of Northeastern University's chemical engineering department. Prior to her Northeastern University position, she was a research group leader and associate department chair in the nanoscience department of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). - Lewis graduated with her Bachelor of Arts in physics with specialization in earth sciences from the University of California, San Diego in 1985. Following this, she enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for her master's degree in electronic materials and the University of Texas at Austin for her PhD in materials science and engineering under the advisement of Nobel Laureate in Chemistry John B. Goodenough.[1] - Prior to accepting a faculty position at Northeastern University, Lewis was a research group leader and associate department chair in the nanoscience department of Brookhaven National Laboratory and inaugural deputy director of the Brookhaven Center for Functional Nanomaterials.[1] - As the Cabot Professor of chemical engineering and professor of mechanical and industrial engineering in the college of engineering, Lewis’ research focuses on investigating the materials factors at the atomic level that provide functionality to magnetic and electronic materials. She collaborated with Northeastern researchers to engineer new magnetic materials that do not utilize rare earth elements. Her research team worked to manipulate material structures at the atomic level to develop superior magnetic properties.[2] In 2016, Lewis was awarded a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant for her project ""Sustainable Permanent Magnets For Advanced Applications.""[3] In the same year, Lewis was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) ""for investigations of fundamental structure-property relationships in functional magnetic materials from a unified perspective, specifically for advancing permanent magnet, magnetic cooling, and biomedical applications.""[4] She later received a Fulbright Scholarship grant to Spain in the field of materials science as part of a project to tailor magnetic microwires for advanced applications.[5] - During her tenure at Northeastern, Lewis has participated on a number of advisory panels and currently serves on the scientific advisory board of the Critical Materials Institute (a DOE Energy Innovation Hub) and is a member of the U.S. Technical Advisory Groups to develop supply chain and sustainability standards ISO TC298 (Rare Earths) and ISO TC333 (Lithium), American National Standards Institute (ANSI).[6] In 2018, Lewis was one of the invited speakers during the Magnetism Winter School 2018 held in Bangkok, Thailand.[7] Upon returning to North America, she was promoted to the rank of university distinguished professor, the highest honor the university can bestow upon a faculty member.[8] Lewis was also recognized by her alma mater, the University of Texas at Austin, as one of their ""2018 Mechanical Engineering Academy of Distinguished Alumni Honorees"" for her ""superior professional achievement, community service, and service to the University.""[9] Lewis is also a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and was conference editor of the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics and chair of the IEEE Magnetics Society's technical committee.[1] - During the COVID-19 pandemic, Lewis received a research grant from the NSF and published Lattice-Defective Copper Oxides as a Biocidal Tool for COVID-19 and Beyond to address a ""need for new types of surface treatments that exhibit antipathogenic ""contact-kill"" capabilities to protect public health and welfare.""[10] In 2021, she was the co-recipient of a FY22 TIER 1 Interdisciplinary Research Seed Grant for her project ""Evaluating New Detection Modalities for Covert Pharmaceutical Authentication and Beyond.""[11] - Lewis is married to Brookhaven National Laboratory atmospheric scientist Ernie Lewis.[12] -",2023-08-26 17:26:27 -Hein Hoyer - Wikipedia,"Hein Hoyer (lat. Hinricus Hoyeri) (c. 1380 in Hamburg – 12 May 1447 in Hamburg) was a German statesman and mayor of Hamburg. - His family belonged to the local upper class and Hoyer was elected as a member of the Rat (board/council), where he defended the interests of the bourgeois opposition against the older families, in 1413. The politician was selected as burgomaster (mayor) and head of the delegation to the Hanseatic League as well as to the Council of Constance four years later. - Hoyer played a major role in the negotiations of the peace treaty of Vordingborg (1435), between the Hanseatic League and Adolf VIII, Count of Holstein on the one and Denmark on the other side. -",2023-08-26 17:26:30 -Bryan Reyna - Wikipedia,"Roberto Bryan Reyna Casaverde (23 August 1998), who prefers to be known as Bryan Reyna, is a Peruvian football player who plays as a midfielder and attacker for Peru National team Alianza Lima and the Peru national team. - Born in Lima and raised in Callao's Ventanilla District, Reyna first began by playing in the youth divisions of Sport Boys in 2013, then he joined to Academia Deportiva Cantolao.[1] In 2015, he went on a trials with the Argentine club Lanús and later with the Spanish side RCD Mallorca, Both teams showed interest in having him but finally he decided to accept the RCD Mallorca's offer.[2] - Reyna joined RCD Mallorca in June 2016 but due to document issues he had to wait until February 2017 to sign a two-year contract. He played with RCD Mallorca youth team in the División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol during the second half of the 2016–17 season.[3] - In July 2017 he was part of RCD Mallorca first team's pre-season under the orders of coach Vicente Moreno playing several friendly matches and even scoring a goal.[4][5] Reyna made his official debut with RCD Mallorca in a 1–0 away win against CF Peralada on 20 August 2017 and completed a total of 11 appearances until the winter break of the 2017–18 Segunda División B. - On 3 October 2017, Mallorca announced a contract extension with Reyna until 30 June 2021.[6][7] - In January 2018 he was loaned to Toledo until the end of the 2017–18 season.[8][9][10] - In July 2018 he joined to Alcoyano, also on loan from Mallorca, for all the 2018–19 season.[11][12] In this season he went on to make thirty appearances with his side in the Segunda División B. - The beginning of the 2019–20 season saw Reyna go on loan to Barakaldo, in principle, for the entire season.[13] However, the loan was interrupted during the winter break at the request of the footballer himself due to the few minutes played with Barakaldo. He was then loaned by Mallorca to Las Rozas for the rest of the 2019–20 season.[14] Reyna scored his first official goals with these two teams, the first one with Barakaldo against Calahorra on 20 October 2019 and the second with Las Rozas against Celta de Vigo B on 25 January 2020. - Reyna returned to RCD Mallorca for the 2020–21 season. He participated in the first team's pre-season and played a friendly match under the orders of coach Luis García Plaza. However, he ended up being sent to the RCD Mallorca B, the RCD Mallorca's reserve team.[15] - In January 2021, Reyna was sacked from RCD Mallorca after he was intervened for breaching the curfew that was in force in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.[16] - In March 2021, Reyna signed a three-years contract deal with his home club Academia Cantolao,[17][18] which had been playing in the Peruvian Primera División for 4 years since its promotion in 2016, He made twenty–one appearances and scored three goals during the 2021 season. In the 2022 season, he made 28 appearances and scored 6 goals. - In December 2022 it was confirmed, that Reyna had been sold to Alianza Lima, signing a deal until the end of 2025.[19] - aDuring his stay at Academia Cantolao in 2014, Reyna was observed by the coach of Peru U17 at the time, Juan José Oré, in order to integrate him into the team that was preparing for the 2015 South American U-17 Championship.[1] Eventually, Reyna was part of Peru's U17 squad in that tournament held in Paraguay in March 2015.[20][21] - He was also part of Peru U20 squad in the 2017 South American U-20 Championship that took place in Ecuador in January and February 2017.[22][23] - Reyna was included in a Peru national team's alternative list by the coach Juan Reynoso on 9 September 2022.[24] However, he was called-up to the main squad officially on 17 September 2022 to replace Andy Polo who had been dismissed due to an injury.[25] - He made his international debut in a friendly match against El Salvador on 27 September 2022. He also scored his first international goal in the 81st minute of this match which ended with a 4–1 victory for Peru. - - This biographical article related to a football midfielder from Peru is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:26:34 -Naturalization Act of 1906 - Wikipedia,"The Naturalization Act of 1906 was an act of the United States Congress signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt that revised the Naturalization Act of 1870 and required immigrants to learn English in order to become naturalized citizens. The bill was passed on June 29, 1906, and took effect September 27, 1906. It was repealed and replaced by the Nationality Act of 1940. It was modified by the Immigration Act of 1990. - The legislation established the federal government as the arbiter of naturalization policy. It created the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, which provided for the first uniform naturalization laws in the country. Prior to 1906, an alien could be naturalized in any U.S. ""court of record"". State-level naturalization courts managed proceedings and had varying standards across the country.[2] After September 26, 1906, naturalization could only be done in courts having a seal and a clerk, and exerting universal competence. - The Act established standardized naturalization forms, requiring, inter alia: - In addition, section 15 of the Act defined the power of U.S. district attorneys to institute denaturalization proceedings: ""in any court having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens for the purpose of setting aside and canceling the certificate of citizenship on the ground of fraud or on the ground that such certificate of citizenship was illegally procured."" - Generally, the Basic Naturalization Act of 1906 addressed Roosevelt's commission's concerns, with one specific recommendation that was not specifically addressed. There was no specific form issued for the oath of allegiance, as was recommended by the commission.[3] Another recommended provision insisted that naturalized citizens be able to speak English. The provision read: - ""That no alien shall hereafter be naturalized or admitted as a citizen of the United States who can not speak the English language: Provided, that this requirement shall not apply to aliens who are physically unable to comply therewith, if they are otherwise qualified to become citizens of the United States.""[4] - Through the centralization of all naturalization and immigration records the federal government was able to command more control over the naturalization process. The centralization mandate produced a uniform process as well as causing the number of courts processing applications to fall throughout the country.""[5] This centralization also included the dispersal of standard naturalization documents following the law's enactment. On September 27th of 1906, the United States Federal Naturalization Bureau began keeping copies of all American naturalization records. The naturalization certificate files would come to be known as C-Files.[6] Additionally, those who had acquired their citizenship on questionable legal grounds, are now subject to additional scrutiny, as a direct result of this law. Section 15 clearly outlines the powers granted to U.S. attorneys towards prosecuting these cases, with language giving a considerable amount of the burden of proof to defendants.[7] This provision was quite encompassing, thus promoting a number of prosecutions on the basis of fraudulent naturalization procedures. The case of Luria v. United States challenges this provision, but it is deemed constitutional.[8] - Particularly significant about this legislation is that it clearly asserts greater federal jurisdiction over the naturalization process in America. If the existence of the act, on its own, does not elicit that impression, then Section 11's assertion that the United States can appear ""before any court"" as it relates to naturalization proceedings makes it more explicit.[9] This provision does not technically strip the states of any jurisdiction, but it specifically asserts that the federal government holds the ultimate powers relating to naturalization, under the law. - Another case that was directly affected by this legislation was Takao Ozawa v. United States. Part of the justification for the courts decision to not allow Ozawa's attainment of citizenship was that, traditionally, only white persons were allowed citizenship. The Naturalization Act of 1906 does not specifically address the addition of any groups that may wish to attain American citizenship. The opinion specifically states: - ""In all of the naturalization acts from 1790 to 1906 the privilege of naturalization was confined to white persons [260 U.S. 178, 193] (with the addition in 1870 of those of African nativity and descent), although the exact wording of the various statutes was not always the same. If Congress in 1906 desired to alter a rule so well and so long established it may be assumed that its purpose would have been definitely disclosed and its legislation to that end put in unmistakable terms.""[10] - The decision goes on to deny that the common population could construe Ozawa, a man of Japanese descent, as white (thus, making him ineligible under section 2169 of the Revised Statutes of the United States).[11] Thus he could not be naturalized, under the current laws, in 1922. - Since 1802, states had been tasked with determining procedures for the American naturalization process.[12] State level courts were responsible for cases relating to naturalization. The standards across all the various states were often unique and carried out inconsistently. The 1906 legislation that established a uniform standard procedure was a direct reaction to the inconsistencies across the United States. Federal officials also distrusted state-level judges to handle the process properly. The federal government believed county judges were manipulating the naturalization process for their own electoral benefit.[13] - Another factor leading to its passage was initiated by the presidential administration of the time. The Roosevelt administration assembled a commission to examine the naturalization laws of the time, and to make recommendations on how to avoid the abuses that led to inappropriate granting of citizenship.[14] The lack of regulatory oversight regarding naturalization of foreigners was a topic that commanded concern for the Roosevelt administration. This commission went on to suggest an English literacy requirement for the naturalization of American citizens.[15] Additionally, the commission ""recommended classifying and summarizing naturalization laws into a code (re-codification), the creation of a federal agency to oversee naturalization procedures, and standard forms for all U.S. naturalizations, including a form for the oath of allegiance.""[16] - This legislation's establishment of the Bureau of Naturalization and Immigration was ended by the act of Nov. 25, 2002 (116 Stat. 2205) and its functions were transferred to Homeland Security Department.[17] - The Immigration Act of 1990 revised many of the naturalization requirements contained in the Naturalization Act of 1906. One alteration was an establishment of certain exceptions to the English language requirement.[18] -",2023-08-26 17:26:37 -Alok Kanojia - Wikipedia,"Alok Kanojia, also known as Dr. K. (born October 7, 1982),[1][2] is an American psychiatrist and co-founder of the mental health coaching company, Healthy Gamer. He streams interviews on Twitch, where he and participants discuss mental health topics. - Kanojia became addicted to video games during his time at the University of Texas at Austin, leading to missed classes and bad grades. At the age of 21, he moved to India to become a monk.[3] - Kanojia began studying alternative therapies including yoga, meditation, and Reiki in 2003 with particular attention to the Ayurvedic principle that mental health is inextricably linked to physical health. He got his addiction under control and graduated in 2007 with a biology major.[2] - Kanojia began a placement at Tufts University School of Medicine in 2010, receiving his medical degree in 2014, following which he started a residency at Harvard Medical School's Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)/McLean Adult Psychiatry Residency Program.[3] - After graduation, Kanojia discovered that he had many friends who were also addicted to video games. He began helping them, but he soon realized that he did not have the time to provide support to everyone. This prompted Kanojia and his wife Kruti to create a startup, Healthy Gamer, through which they could provide resources to help people overcome their addiction.[3] He has stated that he believes gaming addiction is not typically treated productively by therapists and hopes to provide better support.[4][5] - Kanojia started hosting group discussion sessions to talk about gaming and mental health and, finding that these were valuable to participants, began streaming on Twitch.[6] He hosts live interviews mainly with other popular Twitch streamers where they discuss mental health issues. Guests of the show have included Reckful, Asmongold, Mizkif, xQc, Alinity and Pokimane. Kanojia also includes viewers who apply to be interviewed publicly on his livestreams.[2][7] Before participating in his livestreams, every guest signs a consent form.[8] Some psychologists have raised concerns that, despite disclaimers stating that Kanojia's streams are not therapy, they can still be perceived as such.[6] Kanojia's streams have been among the most popular mental health channels on Twitch due to his high-profile guests.[9] - Healthy Gamer, which received support through an incubator at Boston University,[10] trains coaches who provide non-medical advice and support to the gaming community.[2] The coaches go through 10 weeks of free training and are paid to host individual and group sessions for paying customers, through which they explore attendees' goals and motivations and may provide guidance on meditation.[2] The guides are not licensed medical professionals, and Kanojia encourages participants to continue with other support from trained psychiatrists or therapists.[5] - Starting in late 2019, Kanojia conducted several public interviews with online celebrity Byron Bernstein, also known by the nickname Reckful, who discussed his issues with depression, bipolar disorder and his brother's suicide during the livestream.[6][11] Bernstein stated that his interviews with Kanojia made him feel better[11] and helped him ""hear my thoughts affirmed about what is important to my life"".[12] He also stated that Kanojia did not call those interviews therapy ""for legal reasons"" and, as a result, decided that he should also not label them as such. Bernstein used the word ""therapy"" in the title of one of his videos with Kanojia.[12] - In July 2020, Bernstein died by suicide.[13] After his death, Kanojia published an hour-long video where he talked about grief, depression and Bernstein's death. During the livestream, he advised viewers to seek professional mental health counsel if they were feeling symptoms of depression.[11][13] He also stated in the video that his livestreams were not a replacement for therapy.[14] - In 2022, YouTuber Max ""mrgirl"" Karson published a documentary featuring clips of Kanojia's interviews with Reckful and others, which he considered problematic. Karson's videos featured inputs from mental health professionals, who criticized Kanojia for conducting what amounted to live therapy sessions in front of a live audience, which they deemed ""irresponsible"". In response to the accusations of ethical violations, Kanojia stated that Bernstein was a friend, not a patient, and that his interviews were not therapy.[15] - In a Psychology Today article, psychologist David J. Ley described potential issues with livestreamed advice from therapists, mentioning Reckful's death as a ""tragic case"". According to Ley, ""[therapists] are adamant that the interactions are not therapy—though the interactions get clinical and involve discussion of emotional and psychological needs, as well as potential diagnoses."" He stated that while the intent may be to raise awareness of mental health and destigmatize therapy, such advice may ""also lead to people thinking that they have received mental health treatment and that they don’t need to see a real therapist or seek clinical treatment"".[16] - Research psychologist and Twitch streamer Rachel Kowert claimed that Kanojia's online show is ""clearly therapy"" and expressed concerns for the health of the guests of his interviews. She said that there is nothing inherently wrong with conversations being made public, but that there is a ""clear line"" between a mental health advocate and a mental health professional; the line being that mental health advocates generally do not provide direct recommendations or opinions about specific cases, while mental health professionals do. Kowert pointed to a segment of a 2019 livestream between Kanojia and Bernstein where the former said ""you may have clinical depression, but I think what you are describing is not clinical depression"" after Bernstein started talking about his bipolar II disorder diagnosis and lack of happiness.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:26:39 -Andy Reay - Wikipedia," - Andy Reay (born 1 April 1983 in Hillingdon) is an English rugby union player for Moseley in the Aviva Championship. A centre, Reay was part of the England Under-21 team[1] which claimed the Under 21 Six Nations Championship Grand Slam in 2004 and he also competed in the Under 21 Rugby World Championships that took place in Scotland during June 2004. He has won nine caps for the England U21 team and can play equally well at Inside centre and Outside centre. - Reay is 6’ and weighs 93 kg. He was educated at Vyners School, from where he went on to read Sports Science at Brunel University. - As a boy he was introduced to Ruislip Rugby Club by his father, a former back row forward for the Borderers, a team in Harefield. His first senior club was Harlequins, prior to moving to Bristol[2][3] who loaned him to Moseley in the 2005-06 season, where he made eleven appearances, scoring two tries. Reay was loaned to Moseley for a second time, towards the end of the 2006-07 season, from the February onwards. Reay also was a member of Newbury.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:26:42 -Richarius - Wikipedia,"Richarius (French: Riquier; c. 560 – April 26, 645) was a Frankish hermit, monk, and the founder of two monasteries. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, and Eastern Orthodox Church. - Riquier's vita was probably written at the end of the 7th century. Shortly after 800 it was revised by Alcuin at the request of Abbot Angilibert, who dedicated his work to Charlemagne.[1] - Richarius was born a pagan in the late 6th century in the county of Ponthieu near Amiens in Picardy in the north of Francia. According to the vita written by Alcuin, Richarius gave shelter to two Welsh missionaries,[2] Caidocus and Frechorius, who were treated with great hostility by the local people who blamed the strangers for crop failure. Because he ""welcomed God in the persons of the travelers... this was why he was granted God's mercy.""[3] Richarius converted to Christianity under their influence. After his conversion, he fasted on barley bread mixed with ashes, and drank only water.[4] He was ordained a priest, and traveled to England,[5] preaching the Gospel and curing the sick. Travelling by donkey rather than horse, he read the psalter as he rode. - In 638, after some years in England, Richarius founded a monastery in his hometown in Ponthieu that was named Centule (or Centula, alteration of Latin Centum Turres: hundred towers).[4] This monastery practised according to the Rule of Saint Columbanus of Luxeuil. A city developed around this monastery, also named Centule. In the Middle Ages it was renamed to Saint-Riquier. Nowadays it has some 1200 inhabitants, who still refer to themselves as Centulois. The Frankish king Dagobert I once came to visit the monastery, and Richarius offered the king advice. He was frank and clear in his speech to the king, speaking without fear or flattery, and the king thereafter became a benefactor of the monastery. Others also gave generously to Richarius's monastery, and he was able to use the money to help lepers and the poor and to ransom prisoners held by England.[2] - Richarius eventually founded a second monastery called Forest-Montier.[4] He made a shelter in the forest of Crécy, fifteen miles from his monastery. He lived there as a hermit with his disciple Sigobart. On April 26, 643, he bid farewell to Sigobart and died.[2] - In monastério Céntula, in Gállia, sancti Richárii, Presbyteri et Confessóris.In the monastery of Centula in France, St. Richarius, priest and confessor. His relics were first put in a coffin made of an oak trunk and then translated to the abbey of Centula. One hundred and fifty years later, Charlemagne built a golden shrine to enclose the relics and had the Saint-Riquier Gospels made for the shrine. In 950 Count Arnulf I transferred the bones to Montreuil, then to the Abbey of Saint Bertin in today's St-Omer; in 980 Hugo Capet returned them to St-Riquier. Above the tomb of Riquier, an abbey was built, which was later named after him, as was the city.[1] - Aside from Saint-Riquier, the villages of Saint-Riquier-en-Rivière and Saint-Riquier-ès-Plains in Normandy bear his name. - Medieval monks compiled a catalogue of flowers for each day in the year, and dedicated each flower to a particular Saint, on account of it flowering about the time of the Saint's feast day. The flower Erysimum barbarea (yellow rocket or wintercress) is associated with Richarius, whose feast day in the Roman Catholic Church is April 26. A feast for the translation of his relics is celebrated on October 9. -",2023-08-26 17:26:46 -"Zelenyi Hai, Volnovakha urban hromada, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast - Wikipedia","Zelenyi Hai (Ukrainian: Зелений Гай) is a village in Volnovakha Raion of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. - Native language as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:[2] - This article about a location in Donetsk Oblast is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:26:51 -Rolf Trygve Busch - Wikipedia,"Rolf Trygve Busch (15 November 1920 – 18 December 2016) was a Norwegian diplomat and ambassador.[1] - He was born at Spydeberg in Østfold, Norway. He was the son of Aksel Busch (1887-1948) and Alette Tunby (1885-1977). He was awarded his cand.jur. degree from the University of Oslo in 1946. He was hired in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1947, and was promoted to assistant secretary in 1960 and sub-director in 1963. He served as an embassy counsellor at the Norwegian NATO embassy from 1965 to 1971, deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs briefly in 1971 before serving as the Norwegian ambassador to NATO from 1971 to 1977, to West Germany from 1977 to 1982 and to the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1989.[2] -[3] - This Norwegian diplomat-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:26:55 -Rafael Donato (footballer) - Wikipedia,"Rafael Ferreira Donato (born 17 March 1989) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Vila Nova. - On 24 November 2017, having gone nearly a year since playing his last game for Joinville, Donato joined LigaPro side União da Madeira on a deal until the end of the season.[1] - This biographical article related to a Brazilian association football defender born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:26:57 -Hanuki Station - Wikipedia," - Hanuki Station (羽貫駅, Hanuki-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ina, Saitama, Japan, operated by the Saitama New Urban Transit Company. - Hanuki Station is served by the Saitama New Urban Transit New Shuttle Ina Line and is 11.6 km from the terminal of the line at Ōmiya. - This elevated station consists of a single island platform serving two tracks, west of the Jōetsu Shinkansen tracks. - The station opened on 22 December 1983, and was the terminus of the line until it was extended to Uchijuku on 22 August 1990. - In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 4,464 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).[1] - Media related to Hanuki Station at Wikimedia Commons - This Saitama Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:01 -Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! - Wikipedia,"Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! (Swedish: Körkarlen) is a 1912 novel by the Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf. It was translated into English by William Frederick Harvey in 1921.[1] Lagerlöf was commissioned to write it by a Swedish association as a means of public education about tuberculosis (""consumption""). It has been dramatized for the screen twice in Sweden and once in France, under various English titles of The Phantom Carriage, The Phantom Chariot, The Stroke of Midnight, and Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness.[1] - The novel is set in a small town in Sweden at the beginning of the 20th century. Edith, a young ""Slum Sister"" (social worker) in the service of the Salvation Army is on her death bed dying of ""consumption"" (tuberculosis). She requests that before she dies, she would like to again see David Holm, one of her charges. It becomes apparent that the two have a special relationship. A year earlier, he was the first patron of the newly opened social welfare house that Edith had founded. He also had infected her at the time with tuberculosis after she stayed up all night mending his torn and infected coat. Over the next year Edith wanted to help him, but he was a violent alcoholic and always cruelly rejected her. This only increased her resolve and Edith developed a deep love for David. Edith then learned David is married with children, but they had to leave home because David was so violent. Edith persuades David's wife to return home, but they are treated worse than ever by David. This makes Edith feel guilty, as David threatens to deliberately infect his children with TB. On her death bed, Edith now wants to try one last time to put things in order. - Meanwhile, David is sitting in the park with drinking buddies and telling them a horrible story about the coachman of death - as it happens, the last person to die each year is recruited by Death incarnate to travel for the next year picking up the souls of the dead in the Phantom Carriage. David heard this story from his friend George, who died last year on New Year's Eve. After more drinking, David gets into a fight with his companions, is hit in the chest and suffers a hemorrhage (a complication of TB) and falls lifeless to the ground. At the same moment, the clock strikes midnight. None other than David's old friend George then appears in the Phantom Carriage. David now has to replace George and serve as the driver for a year of death. When David refuses, Georges binds him and throws him into the death cart. - Now a ghostly apparition, George takes David to see the people that David loved most and whom he has most harmed. First they visit the dying Edith. When David learns that Edith has loved him, he softens and falls to his knees in front of Edith. Edith can now die in peace, and Georges commands her soul from her body. David and Georges then go to a prison in which David's younger brother is incarcerated. The brother had been led astray by David, starting with drinking alcohol and then committing a murder. Now, David's brother is dying of TB. The brother regrets that he his failed to fulfill a promise he once made to a sick child to see the ocean. David vows that he will fulfill his brother's promise, and so David's brother dies in peace. Finally, George and David go to David's wife. She has decided to kill herself and the children, life with David is no longer tolerable and she sees no way out. David feels love for his children for the first time in his life. David pleads with George to allow his soul to return to his body so that he may stop his wife from killing herself and the children. This Georges does and David redeems himself to his wife in a tear filled reunion. Georges will serve another year as driver to the dead. David prays the New Year's prayer that he has learned from George, God, let my soul come to maturity before being harvested. - Selma Lagerlöf was commissioned by a Swedish association to write an essay on tuberculosis (""consumption"") and its control. Lagerlöf had a personal interest in the disease; her older sister Anna and their young child had it. Before the invention of antibiotics, tuberculosis was widespread and feared, public education was important. Since Lagerlöf could better express herself in a narrative way, rather than a treatise, she proposed to write the novel Körkarlen. - Lagerlöf built into the structure of the novel lessons on how to avoid contracting the disease. She includes scenes of the consequences of coughing in public, hygiene and sterilization of clothing. More so than in her earlier works, she deals with concrete social ills of the day - alcoholism, domestic violence. Her experiences of social deprivation as a young teacher in the southern Swedish town of Landskrona help inform the novel. However far from a novel of social realism, her characters take on mythic qualities, David Holm is a personification of evil. - In contrast to the concrete social ills is the story of a ghostly carriage of death and its rider. In none of the works of Selma Lagerlöf is the role of the supernatural so dominant as in Körkarlen. In a letter to Sophie Elkan, Selma Lagerlöf wrote that in the evening, when she was alone in her room working on the novel, she sometimes had the feeling that only a thin curtain separated her from the other world. This feeling is a basic motif of Körkarlen. -",2023-08-26 17:27:04 -Janez Drnovšek - Wikipedia,"Janez Drnovšek (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈjàːnɛz dəɾˈnɔ́ːwʃək];[1][2] 17 May 1950 – 23 February 2008) was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990), Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2002, with a short break in 2000) and President of Slovenia (2002–2007). - Drnovšek was born in Celje and was raised in the small town of Kisovec in the Municipality of Zagorje ob Savi, where his father Viktor (1925–2005) was the local mine chief and his mother Silva (1921–1976) was a homemaker. Drnovšek graduated from the University of Ljubljana with a degree in economics in 1973. - Meanwhile, he worked as an intern at a Le Havre bank. In 1975, at the age of 25, he became chief financial officer at SGP Beton Zagorje, a construction company. Two years later he became, for one year, an economic adviser at the Yugoslav embassy in Cairo. - He defended his master's thesis in 1981, and in 1986 he defended his dissertation at the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Maribor. In 1982, he became head of the local branch of Ljubljana Bank in his home region of the Central Sava Valley in central Slovenia. In 1986 he was chosen to be a delegate at the Slovenian Republic Assembly (parliament) and also the Chamber of Republics and Provinces of the Yugoslav parliament. - In 1989, Stane Dolanc, the Slovenian representative to the collective presidency of Yugoslavia, retired. The Slovenian Communist Party, aware of upcoming democratisation, decided to organize elections between two candidates for the position. Drnovšek, until then rather unknown to the public, defeated Marko Bulc, the Party's preferred candidate. - The Communist leaderships of other Yugoslav republics did not agree with this new way of selecting the representative to the Collective Presidency, so the Slovenian Republic Parliament had to confirm the result of the elections. Drnovšek served as chairman of the Collective Presidency from 1989–90. While he was chairman of the presidency, he was also chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement and the commander of the Yugoslav People's Army. - Until the end of communist rule he was an active member of the Communist Party. After the democratic changes in Slovenia, the country seceded from Yugoslavia. Following the Ten Day War, Drnovšek used his position in the Collective Presidency to help mediate the Brioni Agreement and to negotiate a peaceful withdrawal of Yugoslav army from Slovenia. - In 1992, after a Government crisis in the DEMOS coalition, which had won the first democratic elections in Slovenia in 1990 and led the country to independence, Drnovšek became the second Prime Minister of independent Slovenia. He was chosen as a compromise candidate and an expert in economic policy. - His bi-partisan government was supported both by the left and centrist wing of the dissolved DEMOS coalition (the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia, the Democratic Party and the Greens of Slovenia) and by three parties that derived from organizations of the former Communist regime (the Liberal Democratic Party, the Party of Democratic Reform and the Socialist Party of Slovenia). - Shortly afterwards, Drnovšek was elected president of the Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalno demokratska stranka – LDS), the legal successor of the Association of Socialist Youth of Slovenia (Zveza socialistične mladine Slovenije – ZSMS), the youth fraction of the Communist Party of Slovenia. - In 1992, the Liberal Democratic Party under Drnovšek's leadership won the parliamentary elections, but due to a high fragmentation of the popular vote had to ally itself with other parties in order to form a stable government. Despite a politically turbulent mandate (in 1994, the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia left the coalition), the Party gained votes in 1996, remaining the largest party in the government. - Nevertheless, Drnovšek barely secured himself a third term in office after a failed attempt to ally himself with the Slovenian National Party. In 1997, the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia formed a coalition government with the populist Slovenian People's Party which finally enabled Drnovšek to serve a third term in office. - He headed the government until May 2000, when he stepped down due to disagreements with the Slovenian People's Party. After less than six months in opposition, Drnovšek returned to power in the autumn of 2000, after his party gained a clear victory in the parliamentary elections. - Drnovšek's governments guided Slovenia's political and economic reconstruction. He successfully tackled the twin tasks of reorienting Slovenia's trade away from the wreckage of the old Yugoslavia towards the West and replacing the ineffective Communist-era business model with more market-based mechanisms. - Unlike the other five former Yugoslav republics which were run for much of the 1990s by frequently authoritarian presidents, Slovenia under Drnovšek's premiership quickly emerged from the break-up of the federation as a functioning parliamentary democracy. Drnovšek's political strategy was concentrated on broad coalitions, transcending ideological and programmatic divisions between parties. - Contrary to some other former Communist countries in Eastern Europe, the economic and social transformation in Slovenia pursued by Drnovšek's governments followed a gradualist approach.[3] - Drnovšek was a staunch supporter of Slovenia's entry in the European Union and NATO and was largely responsible for Slovenia's successful bid for membership in both of those organizations. As Prime minister, he was frequently active on foreign policy issues. On 16 June 2001, he helped to arrange the first meeting of the U.S. President George W. Bush with the Russian President Vladimir Putin, which was held in the Upper Carniolan estate of Brdo pri Kranju. (Bush-Putin 2001) In 2002, he ran for President of Slovenia, and was elected in the second round, defeating the center-right candidate Barbara Brezigar. - Drnovšek's presidency was highly controversial. In the first three years in office, he rarely appeared in public, save for the most important official duties. In 2006, however, a change of style became visible. He launched several campaigns in foreign policy, such as a failed humanitarian mission to Darfur and a proposal for the solution of the political crisis in Kosovo. On January 30, 2006, he left the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. Shortly afterwards, he founded the Movement for Justice and Development and became its first president. He claimed this was not meant to be a political movement, but rather a wide initiative, aiming to ""raise human consciousness and make the world a better place"". On June 26, 2006, he announced that he would not be running for a second term in an interview on TV Slovenia. - The 2004 legislative election brought further changes and a political swing to the right. Janez Janša, the leader of a right-wing coalition, formed the new government. In Slovenia, this was the first time after 1992 that the President and the Prime Minister had represented opposing political factions for more than a few months. Between 2002-04, the relationship between President Drnovšek and Janez Janša, then leader of the opposition, were considered more than good[4] and in the first year of cohabitation, no major problems arose. - In the beginning of his term, Drnovšek, who was ill with kidney cancer, stayed out of public view. When he reemerged in late 2005 he had already changed his lifestyle: he had become a vegan (though one of his colleagues in a televised interview mentioned their regular Sunday visits to a pizzeria in Maxi market, Ljubljana), moved out of the capital into the countryside, and withdrew from party politics completely, ending his already frozen membership in the Liberal Democracy. Drnovšek's new approach to politics prompted one political commentator to nickname him ""Slovenia's Gandhi"".[5][6] - The relationship between Drnovšek and the government quickly became tense. Disagreements began with Drnovšek's initiatives in foreign politics, aimed at solving major foreign conflicts, including those in Darfur and Kosovo.[6] Initially, these initiatives were not openly opposed by the Prime Minister Janez Janša, but were criticized by the foreign minister Dimitrij Rupel,[7] Drnovšek's former collaborator and close political ally until 2004.[8] - A major clash between the two happened in Summer 2006, when disagreement arose over Drnovšek's attempt to intervene in the Darfur conflict.[9] The disagreements moved from issues of domestic politics in October 2006, when Drnovšek publicly criticised the treatment of the Strojans, a Romani family whose neighborhood had forced them to relocate, which in turn had subjected them to police supervision and limitation of movement.[5] - The disagreements however escalated when the parliamentary majority repeatedly rejected President's candidates for the Governor of the Bank of Slovenia, beginning with the rejection of incumbent Mitja Gaspari.[10] The friction continued over the appointment of other state official nominees, including Constitutional Court judges. Although the President's political support suffered after his personal transformation, the polls nevertheless showed public backing of the President against an increasingly unpopular Government.[6][11] - The tension reached its apex in May 2007, when the newly appointed director of the Slovenian Intelligence and Security Agency Matjaž Šinkovec unclassified several documents from the period before 2004, revealing, among other, that Drnovšek had used secret service funds for personal purposes between 2002-04. The President reacted with a harsh criticism of the government's policies, accusing the ruling coalition of abusing its power for personal delegitimations[12] and labeled the then current Prime Minister Janez Janša as ""the leader of the negative guys""[13] - In the last months in office, Drnovšek continued his attacks on Prime Minister Janez Janša, who mostly remained silent on the issue. Drnovšek accused Janša of ""fostering proto-totalitarian tendencies"". He became a blogger (Janez D), signing his posts as ""Janez D"" and expressing opinions on various issues from foreign policy, environmentalism, human relationships, religion, animal rights and personal growth. In his last months in office, he withdrew to a reclusive life again, devoting his time to the Movement for Justice and Development and the popularization of his lifestyle and views. - During his time in office as the President of Slovenia, he wrote and published several books in spiritual philosophy, including Misli o življenju in zavedanju (""Thoughts on Life and Consciousness""), Zlate misli o življenju in zavedanju (""Golden Thoughts on Life and Consciousness""), Bistvo sveta (""The Essence of the World""), and his last one called Pogovori or Dialogues. According to his own accounts, it took him only two or three weeks to write each of his books, due to – in his words – ""the higher consciousness"" he was able to access. - His lifestyle was a mixture of elements from various traditions, including Hindu religious thought and the non-attachment of Buddhist philosophy. He also valued the indigenous traditions of the world. For example, he was present at the inauguration of Evo Morales, the first native American president of Bolivia, and later hosted Bolivian ethnic musicians in the Presidential Palace in Ljubljana. After his cancer diagnosis, Drnovšek became a vegan and claimed that this greatly improved his health.[14] - Because of his new lifestyle and the content of his books and blogs, he was often regarded as an adherent of the New Age movement, although he rejected such a qualification as being too narrow. - Drnovšek was fluent in six languages, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, English, Spanish, French and German.[15] -He was divorced with one son, Jaša, who is a translator and journalist. - In 2005, he found out about the existence of a daughter, Nana Forte, otherwise a renowned composer.[16] His sister is Helena Drnovšek Zorko,[17] who has been the Slovenian ambassador in Japan since September 2010.[18] - In 1999, Drnovšek had kidney cancer resulting in the removal of a kidney. In 2001, he had cancerous formations on his lungs and liver. He repeatedly claimed nature was the best cure, and spent most of his days at his home in Zaplana. He died there on February 23, 2008, aged 57, just two months after his presidential term ended. His body was cremated shortly afterwards. His remains were buried with honors in a private memorial service in his native Zagorje ob Savi, alongside his parents.[19] -",2023-08-26 17:27:08 -Salvador Air Force Base - Wikipedia," - Base Aérea de Salvador – BASV (IATA: SSA, ICAO: SBSV) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force, located in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil. - It shares some facilities with Dep. Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport. - Salvador Air Force Base was created on 5 November 1942 by Decree no. 4,916.[1] - Since January 2017, there are no permanent flying units assigned to Salvador Air Force Base. Whenever needed, the aerodrome is used as a support facility to other air units of the Brazilian Air Force, Navy, and Army. - March 1947–January 2018: 1st Squadron of the 7th Aviation Group (1°/7°GAv) Orungan. The squadron was moved to Santa Cruz Air Force Base.[2] - The base is located 28 km from downtown Salvador da Bahia. - This gallery displays aircraft that have been based at Salvador Air Force Base. The gallery is not comprehensive. - Embraer P-95B Bandeirulha (FAB) - Lockheed P-3AM Orion (FAB) -",2023-08-26 17:27:13 -Megalodontidae - Wikipedia," - See text - Megalodontidae is an extinct family of bivalve molluscs that reportedly lived from the Devonian to the Jurassic period. - A family of insects was also previously called ""Megalodontidae"", containing the sawfly genus Megalodontes. In order to remove the homonymy, that family has been renamed Megalodontesidae.[1] - [2] - - This article about a prehistoric bivalve is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:16 -Torquato Conti - Wikipedia,"Torquato Conti (1591–1636) was an Italian military commander who served as a General-Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War. His barbarous treatment of defenceless villagers earned him the nickname, The Devil. He later became a nobleman and was made Duke of Guadagnolo and Gonfalonier of the Church by Pope Urban VIII. - Conti was born in 1591 at Rome, the son of Lotario Conti (Duke of Poli) and his first wife Clarice Orsini (Lotario Conti had 14 children in total by two wives). He was the grandson of another Torquato Conti (1519–1571) and thus the nephew of Cardinal Carlo Conti. His father suggested an ecclesiastic career and to that end he studied under the tutelage of Cardinal Odoardo Farnese, a relative of the wife of his grandfather Torquato, Violante Farnese. For reasons unknown, he instead volunteered in the army of the Spanish Empire.[1] - In 1616, Conti commanded a company of infantry against Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (who was supported by the Kingdom of France) in an unsuccessful attempt to maintain the Spanish occupation of Alba. Alba was retaken by the Duke of Savoy and Conti, having survived the battle, went to Germany. - The development of Conti's military career generally followed the development of the Thirty Years' War and he fought in a number of early battles and sieges at the beginning of the war. - In Germany, Conti commanded the Italian volunteers fighting for Ferdinand II, who in 1619 became Holy Roman Emperor. Conti was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and Regimental Chief in the interceding years before commanding troops loyal to Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy first at the Siege of Pilsen and then at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.[2] He continued with Count of Bucquoy and commanded troops during the Siege of Érsekújvár where Bucquoy was killed. Conti led a contingent to recover the body of the count but was captured. - When he was released several months later, Ferdinand II rewarded his bravery by giving him command of the garrison at Olomouc. He continued to defend the city against attacks from Gábor Bethlen. In 1622, Conti left Olomouc and took part in the Battle of Wimpfen. For his loyalty he was promoted to Colonel and Chamberlain. - In 1623, Maffeo Barberini was elected to the papal throne as Pope Urban VIII and Conti went to Valtellina as a commander of papal troops. Valtellina saw significant conflict during the Thirty Years' War as each side of the Bourbon–Habsburg rivalry tried to gain control of the passes between Lombardy and Austria. For his service there, the pope rewarded Conti by naming him Duke of Guadagnolo and General of the Papal Army. Shortly after he was named Ordnance Master (similar to the British Master-General of the Ordnance) of the army of the Holy Roman Emperor. - In 1626 he returned to Germany and commanded units loyal to Albrecht von Wallenstein during the Battle of Dessau Bridge. The following year, while von Wallenstein was elsewhere fighting Christian IV of Denmark, Conti commanded Imperial troops at Holstein. - In 1629 Conti became ill and removed himself from front line fighting. He was installed as Field Marshal and commander of garrisoned troops in Pomerania after the Capitulation of Franzburg; specifically the strategic Oder River crossing towns of Gartz and Greifenhagen.[1] - The beginning of the Swedish intervention (1630–1635) in the Thirty Years' War saw King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and his troops enter the Holy Roman Empire via the Duchy of Pomerania. Conti rode out from Gartz and Greifenhagen and to meet the Swedish landing force.[3] On 9 July, Swedish forces took Stettin (now Szczecin), but throughout 1630 were content with establishing themselves in the Oder estuary. The Duchy of Pomerania capitulated and Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania, and his councillors negotiated the Treaty of Stettin with King Gustavus Adolphus. - Forced to retreat from the advancing Swedish army of King Gustavus Adolphus, Conti ordered his troops to burn houses, destroy villages and generally cause as much harm to property and people as possible, a military strategy known as scorched earth. His actions were remembered thus:[4] - To revenge himself upon the Duke of Pomerania, the imperial general permitted his troops, upon his retreat, to exercise every barbarity on the unfortunate inhabitants of Pomerania, who had already suffered but too severely from his avarice. On pretence of cutting off the resources of the Swedes, the whole country was laid waste and plundered; and often, when the Imperialists were unable any longer to maintain a place, it was laid in ashes, in order to leave the enemy nothing but ruins. And by another:[1] - For his lawless depredations and exactions, which had earned for him the name of The Devil among the common people of the North of Germany, as well as in Jutland and Holstein. When one village complained of the treatment they had received, Conti ordered them to be stripped naked so that they would ""have sure grounds for complaints"".[5] Conti's actions have led some to suggest that Duke Bogislaw and his people were driven into the arms of the Swedes.[4] They saw King Gustavus Adolphus as a far better alternative to the violent rampaging Torquato Conti and his Imperial troops. Faced with the choice, the Treaty of Stettin may have seemed less like a capitulation and more like a rescue to the people of Pomerania. - In September Conti's commanding officer, von Wallenstein, was dismissed by the Emperor whose advisers were concerned he was planning a coup to take control of the Holy Roman Empire. At the same time, Conti launched an exploratory attack on Stettin but was repulsed. Seeing that King Gustavus Adolphus had no interest in attacking his position, Conti sent a message to the monarch suggesting a truce for the length of the oncoming winter. Angered by the devastation Conti had caused, the King responded:[6] ""The Swedes can fight in winter as well as in summer"". - Suffering from illness (likely cancer) and disheartened by the King's rebuke, Conti resigned his post in favour of Colonel Hannß Casimir von Schaumberg.[7] Both Gartz and Greifenhagen, where Conti had been garrisoned, were soon thereafter lost to the Swedes. - Conti travelled to Vienna where he received an honourable discharge and was appointed Gonfalonier of the Church by Pope Urban. He married Countess Felice Sassatelli-Bevilacqua in Ferrara but they had no children and Conti died there in 1636. - Conti was the uncle of Michelangelo Conti who was elected to the papal throne as Pope Innocent XIII, though Michelangelo was born 19 years after Torquato Conti died. -",2023-08-26 17:27:20 -Hamara Sansar - Wikipedia," - Hamara Sansar (transl. Our world) is a 1978 Indian Hindi-language film directed by T. Prakash Rao produced under Usha Productions, starring Parikshit Sahni, Nutan, Mithun Chakraborty and Sarika.[1] - The story of the film revolves around two brothers who get estranged due to an unfortunate incident. In order to end the feud, the younger sibling, who is a budding singer, sets out to find his older brother. - - This article about a Hindi film of the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:23 -Stian Ohr - Wikipedia," - Stian Ohr (born 4 January 1978) is a former Norwegian footballer who played as a midfielder for several clubs in Tippeligaen. He was also capped once for Norway in 2006. While playing for Molde, Start, Vålerenga, Stabæk and Strømsgodset, he played a total of 239 matches and scored 27 goals in Tippeligaen. He has also spent time on loan with Hødd and ended his career with the First Division side Mjøndalen. - Ohr was born in Bergen, where he lived the first couple of years before he moved to Molde.[3] Having grown up in Molde, Ohr started his career in the local club Molde FK and made his debut in Tippeligaen when he replaced Ole Bjørn Sundgot in the match against Kongsvinger on 17 August 1996.[4] He also won the Norwegian Youth Cup with Molde in 1996 and 1997.[5] - Ohr made his break-through ahead of the 1997 season, at same time as the other local youngsters, Thomas Mork and Anders Hasselgård, and the trio got the nickname kyllingrekka.[6] Ohr didn't play much for Molde in the 1999 season, and spent most of the season with Hødd which was relegated from the First Division. After the season, Molde decided to terminate Ohr's contract.[7] He subsequently joined Start in 2000, and was a part of the team that was relegated from Tippeligaen. Ohr scored 14 goals in 53 matches for Start between 2000 and 2001, before he was sold to Vålerenga. In his first season with the club, he became Norwegian Champion after they won the 2002 Norwegian Football Cup. In mid-2003, Ohr transferred to Stabæk and played for the team until they was relegated from Tippeligaen in 2004.[4] - Ohr returned to Molde ahead of the 2005 season,[8] and scored two goals 2–1 win against Odd Grenland in the quarter-final of the 2005 Norwegian Football Cup[9] and was a part of the team that won the where he won the final against Lillestrøm.[4] When the club was relegated from the 2006 Tippeligaen, it became Ohr's fourth relegated in seven years.[10] Opposed to other local players, Ohr left Molde after the relegation,[11] and joined Strømsgodset ahead of the 2007 season. He played three seasons for the club, until his contract expired in 2009. Between 2010 and 2013 he played for Mjøndalen.[4] - During his youth, Ohr made 15 appearances without scoring a goal for Norwegian youth national team, from under-15 to under-18 level.[12] Ohr was called up for the Norwegian national team for two friendly matches against Canada and the United States in January 2006. He did not appear in the match against Canada, but started in the 5–0 loss against the United States and was taken off at half time. This was his only appearance for the national team.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:27:26 -Clathrina mutsu - Wikipedia," - Clathrina mutsu is a species of calcareous sponge from Japan. The species is named after the type locality, Mutsu Bay[1] - The sponge forms irregular, spreading masses consisting of a loose network of ascon-tubes with varying closeness of its meshes in different specimens and in different parts of the same colony. The oscula are found as small round apertures distributed here and there on the surface of the ascon-tubes. The sponge is rather small and attains the length of 0.5 – 12 mm. The diameter of ascon-tubes varies a good deal in different parts of the same colony, measuring about 0.15 - 0.6 mm. The colour of the sponge is brownish-white when preserved in alcohol. The skeleton is composed of triradiates arranged in a few confused layers in the walls of ascon-tubes. In addition to the triradiates, a few quadriradiates can occasionally be found. The triradiates are regular with straight, conical, and gradually sharp-pointed rays, measuring 60 - 150 μm in length and 8 - 14 μm thick at the base. - World Register of Marine Species entry - - This article about a calcareous sponge is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:30 -Dinhing Dapita Sadya - Wikipedia,"Dinhing Dapita Sadya is the weekly entertainment show of the ABS-CBN Davao Entertainment Group and its hosted by Id Acaylar, Onnie Alfaro & Ian Garcia. - The show signed off as it gave way to MagTV Na Sadya Ta! (later MAG TV Na, MAG Negosyo Ta! and renamed since 2017 as MagTV Na! Southern Mindanao) in 2008 as part of the same brand regional talk or magazine shows. - - This article about television in the Philippines is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:33 -2012 Green Bay Blizzard season - Wikipedia,"The 2012 Green Bay Blizzard season was the team's tenth season as a football franchise and third in the Indoor Football League. One of just nine teams competing in the IFL for the 2012 season, the Green Bay Blizzard were members of the United Conference.The team played their home games at the Resch Center in the Green Bay suburb of Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin. - Key: -  Win -  Tie -  Loss -  Bye - Running backs - Wide receivers - Defensive linemen - Defensive backs - Kicker - Exempt List - Practice squad - rookies in italics -Roster updated June 25, 2012 -27 Active, 0 Inactive, 0 PS - → More rosters -",2023-08-26 17:27:38 -Division of Bean - Wikipedia," - The Division of Bean is an electoral division for the Australian House of Representatives in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Norfolk Island, which was created in 2018 and contested for the first time at the 2019 federal election. - Federal electoral division boundaries in Australia are determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission. Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if a state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned.[1] - The division is named in honour of Charles Bean, an Australian war correspondent and historian during World War I. - The Division of Bean was created in 2018 by the Australian Electoral Commission, as part of a reapportionment to establish a third seat in the Australian Capital Territory which occurred due to population growth in the territory.[2] The division is located in the south of the ACT and takes in the urban districts of Tuggeranong, the Molonglo Valley, Weston Creek and southern Woden Valley, the rural districts of Booth, Coree, Paddys River, Stromlo and Tennent and the uninhabited districts of Cotter River, Mount Clear and Rendezvous Creek.[3] The external territory of Norfolk Island is also included in the division.[3] These districts and Norfolk Island were previously part of the Division of Canberra. - The division was notionally held by the Labor Party on a margin of 8.9%.[4][5] - In October 2021 the Norfolk Island Party was formed by businessman Peter Christian-Bailey to contest the seat with the goal of self determination for Norfolk Island.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:27:41 -"Capitol Theatre (Clearwater, Florida) - Wikipedia","The Bilheimer Capitol Theatre (formerly known as the Capitol Theatre and Royalty Theatre) is a historic theater in Clearwater, Florida.[3] -[4] It is one of the six venues that compose the Richard B. Baumgardner Center for the Performing Arts. The theater has a seating capacity of 750 people.[5] - The theater is owned by the City of Clearwater and managed by Ruth Eckerd Hall.[3] It opened in 1921 for vaudeville and movies. After it struggled economically, it was renamed the Royalty Theatre.[3] It was restored in 1999-2000 and reopened.[4] It was bought by the City of Clearwater in 2008 and run by Ruth Eckerd Hall for acts such as the punk rock group Henry Rollins, comedian Steven Wright and singer Richard Marx. In 2013, the City of Clearwater launched an elaborate $11 million restoration of the theater as part of a broader downtown revitalization.[5] The theater reopened in 2014 to much acclaim and financial success.[5] Since the reopening that theater has played host to acts such as Jay Leno and B.B. King.[5] - Described as an ""artistic little theater"", the building was commissioned by John Stansel Taylor. Construction began December 1920,[6] with the theatre opening three months later, with a screening of Dinty.[7] Upon opening, it was advertised as having the best natural acoustics in the southeastern US. Along with showing films, the theatre also hosted various vaudeville acts in the 20s and 30s.[8] In 1922, a Robert Morton Wicks Opus 415 Organ was installed however, it was later believed to be removed during renovations, following damaged obtained during Hurricane Donna. - Following a decline in popularity, the building was leased by Bill Neville and Jerry Strain in 1979.[8] Together, they formed the Sunshine State Theater Company and reopened the theatre in January 1980. The reopening was a mild success, unfortunately, the theatre shut down on October 28, 1980. A few months later, the Royalty Theater Company took over the lease, renamed the venue and began a massive renovation.[9] During these renovation, the body of Bill Neville was found in the balcony.[8] The venue reopened in December 1981 as the Royalty Theatre, which a production of Oliver!.[10] - Predominately showcasing live productions, the theatre faced another decline in the early 90s. In 1995, the Taylor Estate sold the building to Accents Craft. Until 1999, the building was used as a social hall, featuring events geared for the youth of Clearwater. In 1999, the Clearwater City Commission attempted to purchase the theater but this effort failed. Accents Craft owner Larry Joe Cotton sold the building to Socrates Charos.[11] Charos spent nearly two years renovating the building, converting it to a religious center, restoring its former name. The theatre struggled for many years, nearly facing foreclosure in 2008. At this time, the City Commission voted to purchase the building from Charos, with the effort being successful. During this time, the City also recognized the theatre's importance to the city's history, awarding it a Historic Designation.[12] - In March 2019, Ruth Eckerd Hall[3] announced a $2.5 million gift from Nancy and David Bilheimer as part of the theatre’s ongoing “Expanding the Experience” fundraising campaign. In recognition of the generous donation, the Capitol Theatre in downtown Clearwater is now called The Nancy and David Bilheimer Capitol Theatre.[13] -  WikiMiniAtlas27°57′56″N 82°48′03″W / 27.96547°N 82.80095°W / 27.96547; -82.80095 -",2023-08-26 17:27:45 -"Spielberg, Styria - Wikipedia","Spielberg (formerly: Spielberg bei Knittelfeld)[3] is a city located in the Bezirk Murtal in Styria, Austria. - The city of Spielberg, with a population of about 5,000 inhabitants, is located north of the Mur in the east of Aichfeld, between the cities of Zeltweg and Knittelfeld. The municipal area of Knittelfeld has grown together with a part of the township. From 1986 to 2009 Spielberg was a Marktgemeinde. On October 1, 2009 it became a “Stadtgemeinde”. Within the district you can find both municipal and countrified mintages. - The township is made up of 9 Katastralgemeinden. Pausendorf is the biggest Katastralgemeinde of 1500 inhabitants. The Katastralgemeinde Spielberg is only a small part of the township, but it gives its title to the whole municipality. - The SPÖ has been the dominant position of the township since 1960, when the countrified township became a municipality. This was triggered when a number of industrial firms moved to the township, above all the Austria Antriebstechnik AG (ATB). - Spielberg is home to the Red Bull Ring (formerly known as A1-Ring and Österreichring). From 1970 until 1987 and from 1997 until 2003 the Grand Prix of Austria took place there. In 2014, it returned to the Formula 1 calendar. In 2020 the first 2 races of the delayed F1 season took place there: the Austrian GP and the Styrian GP. In 2021, following the postponement of the Turkish GP, a second race, the Styrian GP, was held one week before the Austrian GP. - - This Styria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:48 -"Boschertown, Missouri - Wikipedia"," -Boschertown is an unincorporated community in St. Charles County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.[1] - A post office called Boschertown was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1881.[2] The community has the name of John Boscher, a pioneer citizen.[3] -  WikiMiniAtlas38°50′00″N 90°28′12″W / 38.83333°N 90.47000°W / 38.83333; -90.47000 - - This St. Charles County, Missouri state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:27:52 -2006 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid – Doubles - Wikipedia," - - - - A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. -",2023-08-26 17:27:56 -Lake Waconia - Wikipedia,"Lake Waconia is a lake located within the city limits of Waconia in Carver County, Minnesota in the United States.[1] - Waconia is derived from a Sioux-language word meaning ""fountain"" or ""spring"".[2] -",2023-08-26 17:27:59 -Pace Mannion - Wikipedia,"Pace Shewan Mannion (born September 22, 1960) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and in the Italian league with the team of Cantù (which won the FIBA Korać Cup in 1991 defeating Real Madrid in the final when he scored 35 points). He has worked as a studio analyst for the Utah Jazz television pre- and post-game shows. - A 6 ft 7 in (201 cm) small forward born in Salt Lake City, Utah and from the University of Utah, he was selected 43rd overall by the Golden State Warriors in the 1983 NBA draft. Over six NBA seasons with as many teams, he averaged 3.1 points, 1.2 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game. - In 1983, a group of Rice University students at Wiess College started the Pace Mannion Fan Club after watching him trip over his own feet while taking a breakaway layup during the NCAA playoffs. The fan club would attend Mannion's NBA games in Houston and occasionally San Antonio, and would scream for Mannion to play, normally only to see him get a few minutes of floor time.[1][2] - On January 14, 1986, Mannion and the Utah Jazz came to play the Houston Rockets, who had a 20-game home unbeaten streak. About 125 members of the Pace Mannion Fan Club attended the game.[1][2] - The fan club cheered ""Pace, Pace, he's our Mannion"" all night. Utah coach Frank Layden sent Mannion into the game early in the fourth quarter. By the time the game ended, Mannion had 13 points. The Jazz won the game 105–102.[1][2] - He is the father of basketball player Nico Mannion.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:28:02 -Theodorick Bland of Westover - Wikipedia," - Theodorick Bland (January 16, 1629 – April 23, 1671), also known as Theodorick Bland of Westover, was a planter, merchant and politician in colonial Virginia who served as Speaker of the House of Burgesses, as well as in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly.[1][2] The founder of the Bland family of Virginia, his son and grandson of the same name also served in the Virginia General Assembly before the American Revolutionary War, and later descendants sharing the same name would become a federal judge and congressman. - Born in London, the ninth son of prominent merchant John Bland (1573-1632) and his wife Susan.[2] Although his father died when he was a boy, his eldest brother John Bland (d.1680) succeeded their father as head of the family's mercantile firm.[1] His birth family included sixteen children.[3] Bland received a private education appropriate to his class. - His father had been a member of the Virginia Company of London and Bland joined his family's business, becoming its agent in Spain and the Canary Islands while in his early twenties.[4] He moved to the Virginia colony in 1653, to replace his brother Edward, who had been the enterprise's Virginia factor, but died in 1652. Bland initially lived on the Berkeley Hundred (until 1665 as discussed below) and traded in Charles City County.[2] Upon this man's death, as discussed below, his nephew Giles Bland emigrated to the Virginia colony to handle the family's Virginia estates and business, but was executed in 1677 for his part in Bacon's Rebellion.[1] - Meanwhile, in 1662, the Virginia General Assembly passed an export tax of 2 shillings per hogshead of tobacco, and Bland became its first collector.[2] - In 1665, Englisman Sir John Pawlett, by deeds of lease and release, sold 1,200 acres known as Westover Plantation in Charles City County to Bland for £170, and Bland soon gave the county and fellow parishioners a church and ten acres of land.[2] Herring Creek and Kimeges plantations also were in Charles City County, and marked by historical markers;[5] Jordan's plantation was in King George County after Charles City County was divided in this man's lifetime. Bland later invested in real estate further upstream on the James, York and Blackwater rivers in the Tidewater region. Bland's will named his plantations as Bartletts, Kimeges, Herring Creek Mill, Jordans, Westeffer [sic}, Upper Chipppoakes, Sunken Marsh, Basse's Choice, Lawne's Creek, and Bland also owned a house lot in the colonial capital at Jamestown.[1] Lawne's Creek and Chippoakes plantations are in Surry County, as probably was Sunken Marsh. Basse's Choice plantation is in Isle of Wight County.[6] - Charles City County voters first elected Bland as one of their representatives in the 1660 House of Burgesses session, and fellow members elected him as their Speaker.[7] Thus Bland presided over the legislature during the transition from the Cromwell Protectorate to the restored government of Charles II, with Governor Berkeley after extensive negotiations accepting the legislature's offer to serve as interim governor until resolution of the English succession, and further agreeing to call the assembly into session at least every two years and not dissolve it without the house's consent, as well as to issue all writs in the assembly's name.[1] During the next legislative session, Bland was not re-elected speaker and represented newly formed Henrico County.[8] In 1664, Bland accepted promotion to the legislature's upper body, the Governor's Council and resigned in 1671, shortly before his death.[9] He also served as a justice of the peace for Charles City County through at least 1664, the justices of that day jointly administering the county in addition to their adjudicative duties.[1] - Bland married Anna Bennett, the daughter of Governor Richard Bennett and his heiress wife Ann Utie (daughter of the late burgess John Utie). They had three sons:[3] - Other Bland descendants include Roger Atkinson Pryor.[11] - Bland died at his Westover plantation in 1671 or 1672 and was buried in the chancel of the original Westover Church (which he had built).[3] - However, his financial affairs were not in order at his death, in part because of the transatlantic nature of the family's business, unresolved debts and his failure to distinguish his own property from that of the company which his brother headed in England. His widow, Ann, contacted his brother John and asked him to help settle the financial affairs. Instead, John Bland sent his son, Giles Bland, who proved sharp-tongued (antagonizing his aunt, Governor Berkeley and many others) and politically inept and was ultimately executed following his participation in Bacon's Rebellion. After John Bland died in 1680, his widow Sarah Bland then sailed to the Virginia colony to obtain redress. This man's widow Ann, had powerful political connections, both through her father (a member of the Virginia Governor's Council, which was also the appellate body of the state legislature), as well as through her Utie half brothers. Furthermore, she had married the widower St. Ledger Codd, a lawyer and military officer responsible for constructing defenses of the Potomac River area and who had a plantation near the border of Lancaster and Northumberland counties. Codd would briefly represent both counties in the House of Burgesses, but would flee to Maryland with his wife and family because of financial difficulties in Virginia (some probably related to this litigation), but later sat in both houses of the Maryland legislature. Virginia Governor Effingham used Sarah Bland's litigation to limit the judicial powers of the Virginia Governor's Counsil.[12] Ann Bennett Bland Codd died at Wharton's Creek in Maryland in November, 1687.[10][13] The ""Bland family"" became one of the First Families of Virginia, and his son and grandson of the same name would also sit in the Virginia General Assembly. -Pursuant to primogeniture, his eldest son, Theodorick, inherited Westover plantation. With his brother, Richard and a mixture of indentured and enslaved labor, he operated that plantation until 1688.[2] In that year, the brothers sold their 1,200 acres to William Byrd I for £300 and 10,000 pounds of tobacco and casks.[2] A successor Westover Church (built 1730) is on the National Register of Historic Places, although rebuilt outside the Westover plantation grounds. Bland remains buried in the graveyard near Walter Aston and Captain William Perry.[3][14] -Some of the Bland family's papers are held by the Swem Library of the College of William and Mary. A selection of papers from his son Richard has been published.[15] -",2023-08-26 17:28:06 -David Kessler (French official) - Wikipedia,"David Kessler (24 February 1959 – 3 February 2020) was a French senior official.[1] He served as Culture and Communication Adviser to the President of France from 2012 to 2014,[2] and also served on numerous boards of directors. - David was the son of Paul Kessler, former director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, and Colette Kessler, who co-founded the Liberal Jewish Movement of France. He was also the brother of Emmanuel Kessler, a journalist. - Kessler began studying at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud in 1977. He earned his Agrégation in philosophy in 1980,[3] and later a master's degree in philosophy with a concentration on Baruch Spinoza.[4] He was admitted into the École nationale d'administration (ENA), and upon graduating was assigned to the Conseil d'État.[5] Kessler gave lectures at Sciences Po from 1989 to 1991, and at the ENA from 1991 to 1998. - From 1996 to 1997, Kessler served as the Director General of the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA).[6] He then served as director for culture and communication to Prime Minister Lionel Jospin. He participated in the Young Leaders Program organized by the French-American Foundation in 1999.[7] After this, Kessler served as an executive for numerous French corporations. From 2001 to 2004, Kessler was the Director General of the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (CNC).[8] From 2005 to 2008, he was Director of France Culture.[9] He was President of the Conseil supérieur des musiques actuelles from 2006 to 2009. He was Deputy Director of Radio France in charge of content strategy from 2008 to 2009.[10] - Kessler directed the magazine Les Inrockuptibles, as well as the French language version of the Huffington Post from 2011 to 2012.[11] He worked to help RMC Story, then called Numéro 23, rise to prominence with promotion of racial and sexual diversity.[12] He supported the Isota Association, which promoted marriage and adoption for homosexual couples.[13] - Kessler was the adviser of radio and music to François Hollande from 2012 to 2014. He moved to the private sector after that, directing the cinema sector of Orange.[14] - After the death of his wife, Sophie Mesguich, he was remarried to Cyril Pigot in 2013.[15] David Kessler died on 3 February 2020 at the age of 60.[16] -",2023-08-26 17:28:12 -A Gentleman's Agreement - Wikipedia,"A Gentleman's Agreement is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by David Smith and starring Gayne Whitman, Nell Shipman, Juan de la Cruz, Jacob Abrams, and Hattie Buskirk. The film was released by Vitagraph Company of America on July 29, 1918.[1][2][3] - The film is now considered lost.[4] - - This 1910s drama film-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:28:15 -Allure of the Seas - Wikipedia," - Allure of the Seas is an Oasis-class cruise ship owned and operated by Royal Caribbean International. As of 2018[update], the Oasis class ships were the largest passenger vessels ever in service, and Allure is 50 millimetres (2.0 in) longer than her sister ship Oasis of the Seas, though both were built to the same specifications.[12] Designed under the name ""Project Genesis"", she was ordered from Aker Finnyards in February 2006 and her construction began at the Perno shipyard, Turku, Finland, in February 2008.[14] She was named in May 2008 after a contest was held to name her and her sister.[15] The keel of Allure of the Seas was laid on 2 December 2008, shortly after the shipyard had been acquired by STX Europe.[5] - Upon her launch in November 2009, she became the world's largest passenger ship, taking the place of Oasis of the Seas. She was eclipsed by her sister ship Harmony of the Seas upon its launch in June 2015.[16] Harmony of the Seas has an overall length of 362.12 metres (1,188.1 ft).[17] - The keel of Allure of the Seas was laid on 2 December 2008 at the STX Europe Turku shipyard, Finland, during a ceremony involving Royal Caribbean and STX representatives.[5] She was launched on 20 November 2009,[2] with further outfitting taking place while afloat in the shipyard. Allure of the Seas was declared complete and formally delivered to Royal Caribbean on 28 October 2010.[1] She left the Turku shipyard on 29 October 2010 at 05:45 UTC, heading directly to her home port of Port Everglades, near Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.[18] The ship is equipped with telescoping funnels to pass under bridges such as the Storebælt Bridge, which she passed on 30 October 2010. While media has reported that there was only 30 centimetres (12 in) of clearance, the truth is that at the mean water level it was closer to 2–3 metres (6.6–9.8 ft) and the much-advertised squat effect, whereby vessels traveling at speed in a shallow channel will be drawn deeper into the water, did not have significant effect on the draft of the vessel.[12] - On 11 November 2010 at approximately 14:30 UTC, Allure of the Seas arrived at her home port of Port Everglades, Florida. She was greeted by thousands of spectators waiting on the shore.[19][20] - The ship was formally named by her godmother, the fictional character Princess Fiona, in a ceremony on 28 November 2010.[6] - In February 2014, Allure of the Seas entered dry dock at Grand Bahama island for seven days to replace a damaged gearbox in one of her Azipods. As the dry dock facility was not large enough to fully accommodate an Oasis-class ship, a unique solution had to be devised to allow the replacement, known as ""Project Atlantis"". During her time in dry dock, the crew used the downtime to make numerous repairs and refurbishments to the guest facilities, including the installation of new carpets.[21][22] - Allure of the Seas sailed year-round in the Caribbean region out of Port Everglades from its homeporting in 2010 through 2014. She changed port to Barcelona and sailed the Mediterranean between May and October 2015, becoming the largest cruise ship and the first Oasis-class ship to spend a full season in that region. Afterward, she returned to Port Everglades.[23] - Allure of the Seas changed its home port in November 2018 to the Port of Miami, where Royal Caribbean constructed a new cruise terminal. She was joined by the fourth Oasis-class vessel, Symphony of the Seas, and both sail year-round from the port offering seven-night Western and Eastern Caribbean cruises.[24] - In March 2019, Allure of the Seas was named second for ""Best Cruises Overall"" in the 2019 Cruise Critic Cruisers' Choice Awards.[25] - In early May 2019, the itinerary for some of the ship's sailings had to be adjusted due to a technical issue with one of the ship's propulsion pods, causing it to have to sail at a reduced speed.[26] - Allure of the Seas was expected to be refitted in early 2020, which would have included the addition of approximately 50 more passenger cabins, a waterpark, laser tag, an update to the adults-only Solarium, and more.[27] However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this was delayed by Royal Caribbean to an unknown date.[28] - Starting in November 2022, Allure of the Seas will be based in Galveston, Texas, at the Port of Galveston's new cruise terminal.[29] - The classified length of Allure of the Seas is the same as that of her sister, 360 metres (1,181 ft),[4] though she is reported to be 50 millimetres (2 in) longer than Oasis of the Seas.[12] According to the shipyard, this is not intentional and such small differences in length may occur simply due to the temperature of the steel in a ship as big as this.[12] The gross tonnage of Allure of the Seas is 225,282 and her displacement is equal to that of Oasis of the Seas, which is estimated to be around 100,000 metric tons, slightly less than that of an American Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.[9] Her steel hull alone weighs roughly 54,000 tons.[12] - The ship features a two-deck dance hall, a theatre with 1,380 seats, an ice skating rink, 7 distinct ""neighborhoods"", and 25 dining options,[30] including a Starbucks coffee shop at sea.[31] Many of the ship's interiors were extensively decorated by muralist Clarissa Parish.[32] - Before beginning service from Port Everglades, Allure of the Seas was fitted with an 80 kW solar array by BAM Energy Group which powers the shopping district. The system cost US$600,000 and covers an area of 2,000 m2 (21,530 sq ft). It uses Uni-Solar BIPV laminates designed to withstand foot traffic and marine conditions.[33][34] - Allure of the Seas leaving STX shipyard, Turku, Finland, with her two funnels retracted. - Allure of the Seas passing under the Great Belt Bridge with her funnels lowered. - Allure of the Seas leaving Port Everglades - Royal Promenade - Central Park - Central Park Top View - Central dining room - Aerial view of the stern of the Allure of the Seas docked at Port Everglades, Florida - Promenade on the Allure of the Seas -",2023-08-26 17:28:19 -Salony Luthra - Wikipedia,"Salony Luthra is an Indian actress who works in English, Tamil and Telugu-language films. - Salony Luthra worked as a theater artiste in Mumbai and Pondicherry.[1] She made her lead film debut with the Tamil-language film Sarabham (2014) starring Naveen Chandra.[2][3] She landed the role after being selected from a hundred applicants.[4] In the film, she played dual roles as a normal woman and a drug addict.[2] To prepare for the film, she learnt the Tamil language.[2] For the negative character, she watched Hollywood films and hung out with people who smoked.[5] She is also a theatre artiste and has starred in several productions including the Hindi-language adaptation of the novel Blackbird by David Harrower.[6] - She was signed to play a role in Parandhu Sella Vaa and shot for the film in Singapore.[7] However, she left citing differences with the director.[8] She has also featured in several short films including Oliyum Oliyum as a blind street vendor and Kajal as a working woman.[9][2] In 2018, she starred in the Hollywood films Turned Out and Forbidden as a Spanish woman and an Indian medical student, respectively.[2][10][3] She made her Telugu debut with Bhanumathi & Ramakrishna in which she was paired with Naveen Chandra for a second time.[11][1] She played an independent woman in the film.[12][13] - Salony was brought up in Shimla, India.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:28:22 -Archaeornithes - Wikipedia,"The Archaeornithes, classically Archæornithes, is an extinct group of the first primitive, reptile-like birds. It is an evolutionary grade of transitional fossils, the primitive birds halfway between non avian dinosaur ancestors and the derived modern birds (avian dinosaur). - Fossils of early birds were poorly known until the late 20th century. Of those known, all fell into either the relatively modernly built birds with fused ribcage and the breastbone extended into a keel, or the ""Urvogels"" of the Solnhofen Plattenkalk of late Jurassic age. As the physiological and anatomical difference between the two was so great, the subclass Archaeornithes was erected for the latter. - With the unearthing of several well preserved early bird fossils in the last decades of the 20th century and early 21st century, our knowledge of the evolution of birds has increased dramatically.[1] The evolution of the modern avian traits such as the compact body, clawless wing and the alula are now known to appear over successive stages. Today the Archaeornithes are classified into a series of nested monophyletic groups, and the name is rarely used in modern literature. - Archaeopteryx - Archaeornis - other infraclasses - Odontognathae - order - order - In traditional classification, it is one of two subclasses of birds, the other subclass being the Neornithes, the birds with a short, modern tail. This classification was erected by Hans Friedrich Gadow in 1893 and followed by Alfred Romer (1933) and subsequent authors through most of the 20th century.[2] Other mesozoic birds like the toothed, but otherwise modern, birds like Hesperornis were included under the latter in their own superorder, the Odontognathae.[3] - According to Romer, the Archaeornithes are characterised by having clawed wings, a reptilian style ribcage without a large carina and the presence of a long, bony tail.[4] The known members of the group by the time of its erection were Archaeopteryx and Archaeornis.[5] The two are now thought to represent a single species, Archaeopteryx lithographica, the Archaeornis being the Berlin specimen of Archaeopteryx.[6] The Confuciusornithidae and Enantiornithes were found a century after Gradow's organization of birds into two subclasses. They fall between Romer's description of Archaeornithes and Neornithes, in that they have clawed wings, but reduced tails with a rod-like pygostyle (as opposed to the ploughshare-shaped one in modern birds) and the presence of a small carina.[3] - While rarely used by palaenthologists today, the term was revived by the ornithologists Livezey and Zusi in 2007, for a group comprising Archaeopterygidae and the Confuciusornithidae.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:28:25 -Asphaltite - Wikipedia,"Asphaltite (also known as uintahite, asphaltum, gilsonite or oil sands[1]) is a naturally occurring soluble solid hydrocarbon, a form of asphalt[2] (or bitumen) with a relatively high melting temperature. Its large-scale production occurs in the Uintah Basin of Utah and Colorado, United States. Although the substance has been historically mined in the Uintah Basin, resources are being discovered and mined more recently in other countries such as Colombia and Iran.[3] Gilsonite is mined in underground shafts and resembles shiny black obsidian. -Discovered in the 1860s, it was first marketed as a lacquer, electrical insulator, and waterproofing compound approximately 25 years later by Samuel H. Gilson.[4] - Gilsonite was discovered in the 1860s. By 1888 Samuel H. Gilson had started a company to mine the substance, but soon discovered the vein was on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation. Under great political pressure Congress removed some 7,000 acres (28 km2) from the reservation on May 24, 1888 to allow mining to proceed legally.[5] Gilsonite mining became the first large commercial enterprise in the Uintah Basin, causing most of its early population growth. - Mining gilsonite during World War II was manual, using a six-pound pick, then shoveling the ore into 200 pound sacks, which were sewn by hand. - Gilsonite-brand uintahite's earliest applications included paints for buggies and emulsions for beer-vat lining. It was used by Ford Motor Company as a principal component of the japan black lacquer used on most of the Ford Model T cars.[6] - Gilsonite is categorized as a soluble material in oil solutions such as carbon disulphide or TCE (trichloroethylene). A major component of gilsonite is carbon; it also contains several other elements including nitrogen and sulfur and some volatile compounds.[7] - Gilsonite reserves are distributed globally, especially within basins.[8] It has also been found on the dwarf planet Ceres[9] and is predicted to exist on the Martian moon Phobos.[citation needed] - Gilsonite is used in more than 160 products, primarily in dark-colored printing inks and paints, oil well drilling muds and cements, asphalt modifiers, foundry sand additives, and a wide variety of chemical products. The trademark, registered in 1921, belongs to the American Gilsonite Company which filed for bankruptcy and after accepting re-organization seems to emerge from it at Jan 3rd 2017.[10] - Gilsonite is a common modifier for bitumen in asphalt. Blending gilsonite with bitumen increases the strength and resistance of pavements.""Mixing Gilsonite into the Bitumen"". Zista Group. Retrieved 2018-08-05. This application is practised in countries such as China, India and Iran. Known as asfaltit in Turkish, it is burnt in Silopi, a coal fired power station in Turkey.[11] -",2023-08-26 17:28:28 -Arcandor - Wikipedia,"Arcandor AG was a holding company located in Essen, Germany, that oversaw a number of companies operating in the businesses of mail order and internet shopping, department stores and tourism services. It was formed in 1999 by the merger of Karstadt Warenhaus AG, founded in 1920, with Quelle AG, founded in 1927. In 2005, the corporation had about 68,000 employees and annual sales of €15.5 billion. Its stocks were traded on the Mid Cap DAX until September 2009. The company's largest store was Kaufhaus des Westens (KaDeWe) in Berlin, and the largest store operated by Karstadt was in Frankfurt. - Arcandor requested financial assistance from the German government, which was rejected by the European Commission on 3 June 2009.[1] On 6 June 2009, the company announced it was no longer able to pay rent for its department stores, which the company had previously sold and leasebacked.[2] Three days later, the company filed for bankruptcy.[3] - On 14 May 1881, Rudolph Karstadt founded his first store Tuch-, Manufaktur- und Konfektionsgeschäft Karstadt (Karstadt fabric, factory outlet and ready-to wear store) in Wismar. In 1884, a second store was opened in Lübeck. Soon, 24 stores had been opened in all of Northern Germany. In 1920, the business was turned into a joint stock company. - When the Nazis came to power in 1933, department stores founded by Jewish families like the Tietz and the Wertheims were forcibly transferred to non-Jewish owners in a process called ""Aryanization"". KarstadtQuelle acquired many businesses and properties in this period.[4][5][6] - In 1984, Karstadt acquired the mail-order business Neckermann Versand. In 1994, it acquired the department store chain Hertie, to which KaDeWe belonged. In 1999 it merged with Quelle AG to become KarstadtQuelle AG. On 1 July 2007 the company was renamed Arcandor AG. - On 5 June 2009, investigations started into possible breach of trust offenses by Arcandor's former CEO Thomas Middelhoff. - In June 2009, Arcandor filed for bankruptcy protection after its request for loan guarantees of up to €650 million was rejected by the German government.[3] The German government subsequently agreed on 30 June to provide a €71 million loan to Quelle.[7] The company's holding in the Thomas Cook Group was sold by Arcandor's creditor banks in September 2009.[8] - The administrators of Arcandor chose in October 2009 to liquidate the Quelle mail order business, following unsuccessful attempts to find a buyer.[9] - In September 2010 the American investor Nicolas Berggruen bought the Karstadt business to save it from insolvency.[10] - Arcandor was active in the following business segments: - Arcandor's websites, when taken together, put Arcandor easily in the top 20, and maybe in the top 10, in the rankings of all web properties ranked by numbers of unique visitors per month, among internet users in Germany.[11] Most of this traffic was shoppers at online stores branded with the company's brick-and-mortar store brands or its mail-order catalog brands. - Quelle Ag, which merged with Karstadt, was founded on the 26th of October 1927 by Gustav Schickedanz. - In 1932 Schickedanz joined the NSDAP and therefore was able to acquire several major companies in the region by Aryanization from their former Jewish owners. -1939 Quelle had around two million regular customers and made 40 million Reichsmark. - After the second World War the Allies banned Schickedanz from exercising his profession, his properties were confiscated and he was sentenced to imprisonment with labour. -In 1948 he was released, during him serving his sentence, his sister, Liesl Kießling, managed Quelle. -His wife opened the first Quelle store after the war, in 1946. -Since 1948 the delivery business of Quelle was being rebuilt. -As the Denazification Process on Gustav Schickedanz began, it was noted that of Gustav Schickedandanz's past capital of 9 Million Deutsche Mark about 7 Million were of former Jewish ownership. -",2023-08-26 17:28:31 -Swedish Crown - Wikipedia,"The Swedish Crown (Polish: Korona Szwedzka), also known as the ""Purchased Crown"" (Zakupiona Korona), was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels.[1] - The crown was made for King Sigismund II Augustus.[1] After Sigismund's death, it was pawned to Giovanni Tudesco and later ransomed by King Sigismund III Vasa for 20,000 florins and used for his coronation in Uppsala as King of Sweden on 19 February 1594.[1] - In 1623, King Sigismund III bequeathed it to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and it was included in the State Treasury at the Wawel Castle after his death in 1633.[1] - The appearance of the crown was a type of corona clausa, consisting of five larger and five smaller parts (portiones maiores quinque, minores quinque) and 262 precious stones, including 24 emeralds, 64 rubies, 30 sapphires, 21 diamonds and 123 pearls.[1] In the 18th century, the crown was depicted in the portrait of Sigismund I the Old by Marcello Bacciarelli, painted to embellish the Marble Room at the Royal Castle in Warsaw. - Media related to Swedish Crown at Wikimedia Commons - - This Poland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This royalty-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:28:35 -Baltic (tug) - Wikipedia," - The Baltic is a German emergency tow vessel (ETV) commissioned in 2010. - The vessel which was built in Spain by Astilleros Armon is owned by Arbeitsgemeinschaft Küstenschutz of Germany, a consortium of tugboat companies. The Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development of Germany has chartered the vessel to protect the German coastline. The Baltic replaced the tugboat Fairplay 26 as an ETV and operates from Warnemünde in the western Baltic Sea.[2] She was commissioned on 24 September 2010.[4] - The Baltic features a bollard pull of 127 tons and a maximum speed of 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph).[2] - In October 2010, only a few days after commissioning, the Baltic was deployed to assist during the fire on the ferry Lisco Gloria off the island of Fehmarn. - The Baltic is driven by two main engines of the General Electric 16V250MDB3 type which are connected to two Schottel controllable pitch propellers via transmissions and drive shafts. The engines are 16-cylinder Diesel units which can provide 4,239 kilowatts (5,685 hp) each at a nominal 1,050 revolutions per minute. The propellers are encased in Kort nozzles and have a maximum revolution speed of 170 rpm. Two thrusters are installed in the bow and the stern section respectively to improve the ship's manoeuvrability. - To provide electrical power, two generators with a power of 1,500 kVA each are coupled to the drive shafts. Additionally two main generators of 500 kVA and an emergency power unit (150 kVA) are installed on board. - When commissioned, the Baltic was the most powerful tugboat along the German Baltic Sea coast. For towing tasks, the ship is equipped with two hydraulic winches. The towline has a diameter of 62 mm and a length of 500 m. Two fire monitors are installed on board.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:28:39 -Kallet - Wikipedia,"Kallet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:28:42 -John W. Chater - Wikipedia," - John W Chater was a prominent 19th-century Tyneside publisher, printer and bookseller, with premises in the centre of Newcastle -[1][2] - Through his various publications, he ran, each year, several competitions for songwriters and poets. This continued for many years and his prizes were treasured by the winners. - He also published The Northern Journal through his premises at 89 Clayton Street, Newcastle in which, according to an item in the ""National Postage Stamp Express"" dated 15 June 1864, advertisements cost ""20 words for 6d (equivalent to 2½ new pence) and 2d for every additional 8 words"" - These include :- -",2023-08-26 17:28:46 -USS Essex (1799) - Wikipedia," - The first USS Essex of the United States Navy was a 36-gun [3] or 32-gun[4] sailing frigate that participated in the Quasi-War with France, the First Barbary War, and in the War of 1812. The British captured her in 1814 and she then served as HMS Essex until sold at public auction on 6 June 1837. - The frigate was built by Enos Briggs, Salem, Massachusetts,[1][5][6] at a cost of $139,362 subscribed by the people of Salem and Essex County, to a design by James Hackett. Essex was armed with mostly short-range carronades that could not hope to match the range of 18- and 24-pounder naval guns. She was launched on 30 September 1799. On 17 December 1799 she was presented to the United States Navy and accepted by Captain Edward Preble. - With the United States involved in naval action against France on 6 January 1800, Essex, under the command of Captain Preble, departed Newport, Rhode Island, in company with Congress to rendezvous with a convoy of merchant ships returning from Batavia, Dutch East Indies. Shortly after commencement of her journey, Essex became the first US Naval ship to cross the Equator. Congress was dismasted only a few days out, and Essex was obliged to continue her voyage alone, making her mark as the first US man-of-war to double the Cape of Good Hope, both in March and in August 1800 prior to successfully completing her convoy mission in November. - Captain William Bainbridge commanded Essex on her second cruise, whereon she sailed to the Mediterranean with the squadron of Commodore Richard Dale. Dispatched to protect American trade and seamen against depredations by the Barbary pirates, the squadron arrived at Gibraltar on 1 July 1801 and spent the ensuing year convoying American merchantmen and blockading Tripolitan ships in their ports. Following repairs at the Washington Navy Yard in 1802, Essex resumed her duties in the Mediterranean under Captain James Barron in August 1804. She participated in the Battle of Derne on 27 April 1805, and remained in those waters until the conclusion of peace terms in 1806. - Returning to the Washington Navy Yard in July, she was placed in ordinary until February 1809, when she was recommissioned for sporadic use in patrolling American waters and a single cruise to Europe. - When war was declared against Britain on 18 June 1812, Essex, commanded by Captain David Porter, made a successful cruise to the southward. On 11 July near Bermuda she fell in with seven British transports (Silverside being one) and by moonlight engaged and took one of them as a prize. On 13 August she encountered and captured the sloop HMS Alert after an engagement. By September, when she returned to New York, Essex had taken ten prizes. The youngest member of the Essex crew was 10-year-old midshipman David Glasgow Farragut, who would become the first admiral of the US Navy. Farragut, who was Captain Porter's foster son, remained with the ship for the next two years. - Essex sailed in South Atlantic waters and along the coast of Brazil until January 1813. On 11 December 1812 she captured the Post Office Packet Service packet Nocton as Nocton was returning to England from Rio de Janeiro. The Americans removed the specie that she was carrying (about £16,000) and some of her crew.[a] - Essex then sailed to the Pacific where she decimated the British whaling fleet there. Although her crew suffered greatly from a shortage of provisions and heavy gales while rounding Cape Horn, she anchored safely at Valparaíso, Chile, on 14 March, having seized the whaling schooner Elizabeth, and the Peruvian man-of-war Nereyda along the way. Nereyda had captured two American whalers, Walker and Barclay, only to have the British whaler and privateer Nimrod take Walker. Nereyda had sent Barclay to Callao, where Porter was able to capture her before she could enter port. He sent a disarmed Nereyda back to the Peruvian authorities as a gesture of good will. He searched for Nimrod and Walker, but was unable to find them.[8][b] At Valparaiso Essex landed the crew members that she had taken off Nocton.[7] - In the next five months, Essex captured thirteen British whalers, including Essex Junior, (ex-Atlantic) which cruised in company with her captor; Porter put his executive officer, John Downes, in command of Essex Junior. The two ships and nine of their prizes put in at the island of Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas Islands on 25 October 1813 for repairs. While they were there, their crews became involved in a local dispute that resulted in the Nuku Hiva Campaign, which temporarily established the United States' first colony and naval base in the Pacific Ocean. Essex and Essex Junior departed Nuku Hiva in mid-December 1813. - -In January 1814, Essex sailed into neutral waters at Valparaíso, only to be trapped there for six weeks by the British frigate HMS Phoebe (36 guns), under Captain James Hillyar, and the sloop-of-war HMS Cherub (18 guns). On 28 March 1814, Porter determined to gain the open sea, fearing the arrival of British reinforcements. Upon rounding the point, Essex lost her main top-mast to foul weather and was brought to action just north of Valparaíso.[10][11] Despite Porter's complaints to the US Navy on several occasions, Essex was armed almost entirely with powerful but short-range 32-pounder carronades that gave Phoebe, armed with long 18-pounders, a decisive advantage at long range. For 2+1⁄2 hours, Phoebe and Cherub bombarded Essex from long range, where Essex could only resist with her few long 12-pounders. Fires twice erupted aboard Essex, at which point about fifty men abandoned the ship and swam for shore, only half of them landing; the British saved sixteen.[12] Eventually, the hopeless situation forced Porter to surrender. Essex had suffered 58 dead and 31 missing of her crew of 214.[10] The British lost four men dead and seven wounded on Phoebe, and one dead and three wounded on Cherub.[12][c] - The then Lieutenant William Bolton Finch was said to have served with distinction on the Essex between 1812 and 1814.[16][17] - Because Essex was stored and provisioned for six months, and capable of sailing to Europe without ""the slightest cause for alarm"",[12] Captain Hillyar placed Lieutenant C. Pearson in command of her for the voyage to England, supported by acting lieutenant Allen Francis Gardiner. Essex arrived in England in November.[18] There, the Admiralty had her repaired and taken into the Royal Navy as HMS Essex. - The Royal Navy never fitted her for sea, but re-classed her as a 42-gun ship. She served as a troopship on 7 July 1819. She was hulked at Cork to serve as a prison ship in Ireland in October 1823,[1] and between 1824 and 1834 served in this capacity at Kingstown.[18] On 6 June 1837 she was sold at public auction for £1,230.[1] - During early 21st century resurfacing work on the east pier of Dún Laoghaire harbour, Essex's permanent mooring anchor was discovered embedded in the pier.[19] - Herman Melville wrote about Essex in ""Sketch Fifth"" in The Encantadas, focusing on an incident off the Galápagos Islands with an elusive British ship. The story was first published in 1854 in Putnam's Magazine. - Patrick O'Brian adapted the story of Essex's attack on British whalers for his novel The Far Side of the World. - The 1950 American film Tripoli is a fictionalized account of the Battle of Derne, and USS Essex is shown in it. - This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales Licence, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project. -",2023-08-26 17:28:50 -Nukuhau - Wikipedia," - Nukuhau is a suburb of Taupō in the Waikato Region of New Zealand's North Island.[3] - Nukuhau includes the statistical area of Brentwood (Taupo District) and part of the area of Nukuhau-Rangatira Park. These areas cover 6.43 km2 (2.48 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 5,000 as of June 2022,[2] with a population density of 778 people per km2. - Nukuhau had a population of 4,335 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 627 people (16.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 879 people (25.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,731 households, comprising 2,112 males and 2,217 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 801 people (18.5%) aged under 15 years, 579 (13.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,860 (42.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,098 (25.3%) aged 65 or older. - Ethnicities were 82.7% European/Pākehā, 19.0% Māori, 1.9% Pacific peoples, 7.2% Asian, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. - The percentage of people born overseas was 20.9, compared with 27.1% nationally. - Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 47.5% had no religion, 38.8% were Christian, 2.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.1% were Hindu, 0.3% were Muslim, 0.5% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions. - Of those at least 15 years old, 576 (16.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 726 (20.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 585 people (16.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,605 (45.4%) people were employed full-time, 570 (16.1%) were part-time, and 75 (2.1%) were unemployed.[4] - The suburb has two marae. - Nukuhau Marae and Rauhoto meeting house is a meeting place of the Ngāti Tūwharetoa hapū of Ngāti Rauhoto and Ngāti Te Urunga.[7][8] In October 2020, the Government committed $1,338,668 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae and 4 other Ngāti Tūwharetoa marae, creating 19 jobs.[9] - Te Rangiita Marae and meeting house for the Ngāti Tūwharetoa hapū of Ngāti Ruingarangi.[7][8] - St Patrick's Catholic School is a state-integrated Catholic primary school,[10][11] with a roll of 260 as of April 2023.[12][13] The school opened in 1997.[14] -",2023-08-26 17:28:54 -George C. Pimentel - Wikipedia,"George Claude Pimentel (May 2, 1922 – June 18, 1989) was the inventor of the chemical laser.[2] He also developed the technique of matrix isolation in low-temperature chemistry. In theoretical chemistry, he proposed the three-center four-electron bond which is now accepted as the best simple model of hypervalent molecules. In the late 1960s, Pimentel led the University of California team that designed the infrared spectrometer for the Mars Mariner 6 and 7 missions that analyzed the surface and atmosphere of Mars.[3] - An alumnus of University of California, Los Angeles (B.S. 1943) and University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D. 1949), Pimentel began teaching at Berkeley in 1949, where he remained until his death in 1989 from intestinal cancer, with a stint in Washington at the National Science Foundation under the Carter administration.[1][4] - The ACS Award in Chemical Education was renamed the George C. Pimentel Award in Chemical Education in his honor in 1989.[5][6] - In 1961, John C.Polanyi was the first to point out the possibility of chemical pumping based on vibrational excitation. He proposed four possible reactions, one of which was the reaction of H + Cl2. Using an infrared spectrometer, Jerome Kasper and Pimentel discovered infrared pulses produced by photodissociation of iodine, the first chemical laser. In September 1964, they announced their discovery at the first conference on chemical lasers, by that time more than 100 possible chemical reactions and 60 photodissociation reactions were proposed capable of producing laser radiation. However, at the symposium in San Diego only one working laser was reported, which was laced with photodissociation of iodine. In 1965, Kasper and Pimentel discovered the laser radiation HCl, arising from the explosion of the system H2 / Cl2. After the discovery of the laser based on the reaction of F + H2 in 1967, the number of chemical lasers found by the Pimentel laboratory rapidly increased. Thus, Pimentel first transformed the chemical energy obtained as a result of vibrational excitation into laser radiation. - In 1966, when the work on the chemical laser was actively carried out, Pimentel was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and in 1968 to the American Academy of Arts and Science. In 1985, 1987 and 1989 he was elected an honorary member to the American Philosophical Society, the Royal Chemical Society (Great Britain), and the Royal Institute of Great Britain.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:28:58 -Virve (given name) - Wikipedia,"Virve is an Estonian and Finnish feminine given name and may refer to: -",2023-08-26 17:29:02 -1939 Liège–Bastogne–Liège - Wikipedia,"The 1939 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 29th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 14 May 1939. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Albert Ritserveldt. - This Liège–Bastogne–Liège race article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:05 -American Eagle bullion coins - Wikipedia,"American Eagle bullion coins are produced by the United States Mint.[1] - These include: - This article about a unit of currency is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:08 -Fort Worth Opera - Wikipedia,"Fort Worth Opera is the oldest continually-performing opera company in the state of Texas and among the oldest in the United States, according to the company.[citation needed] While originally presenting operas one at a time over a fall/winter season, it changed to a ""festival"" format in 2007. It now performs three to four operas per year each spring in Bass Performance Hall, located in the downtown area of Fort Worth, Texas. In 2021, as the company celebrated its 75th anniversary season, Fort Worth Opera left the Festival format after fourteen years and returned to year-round programming. - The Fort Worth Civic Opera Association, now known as Fort Worth Opera, was founded by three women, Eloise MacDonald Snyder and Betty Spain, both former opera singers, and pianist and composer Jeanne Axtell Walker. In seven months, the trio pulled together a full-scale production of Verdi's La Traviata, performed on November 25, 1946, in a building now known as the Cowtown Coliseum, located in the Fort Worth Stockyards. The new association went through several management changes before it hired Rudolf Kruger as the musical director in 1955. Under Kruger's guidance, Fort Worth Opera went on to become an arts company of note, especially during the 1960s, when it helped launch the careers of Plácido Domingo and Beverly Sills. - In 1982, the Fort Worth Opera executive board moved to reduce Kruger's responsibilities and began searching for a new managing director. The next several years proved to be difficult for the company, both financially and administratively. It hired and terminated two managing directors that were unable to generate the ticket sales and financial stability of Kruger. In 1991, Fort Worth Opera hired William Walker, a former singer with a distinguished career as one of Metropolitan Opera's principal baritones and as a recurring guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. - Under Walker's direction, the company was able to return to financial stability and artistic success. In 1998, the executive board, unhappy with Walker's administrative management and direction, offered him a severance package, which he initially accepted. Later at a meeting of the full board, his supporters rallied to overturn the executive committee's decision. The company lost many important board members and donors as a result. The remaining board hired an executive director to help with administrative issues and Walker retained his position until his retirement in June 2002.[1] - In July 2001, Fort Worth Opera hired a new general director, Darren Keith Woods. Woods' prior experience included twenty years as a successful character tenor and general director of the Seagle Music Colony in upstate New York and Shreveport Opera.[2] In recent years, the company has introduced more American and modern repertory to its programming, although it continues to produce mostly classical opera. On February 13, 2017, the Fort Worth Opera board of directors dismissed Woods from his post, citing differences over the future artistic and financial goals of the company.[3][4] - Following the cancellation of the 2020 Festival due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Fort Worth Opera announced the launch of the FWO Green Room, a new digital initiative. As opera companies across the globe continue to explore innovative ways to connect with audiences and build dynamic relationships through technology, the organization offered a blend of entertaining and interactive online content for opera lovers. The FWO Green Room included a partnership with internationally renounced soprano Jennifer Rowley for a six-week Virtual Audition Intensive with young opera singers across the globe and the digital debut of the Fort Worth Opera Chorus with a performance of Moses Hogan's His Light Still Shines. In addition, the eighth installment of the company's innovative new works showcase, Frontiers: FWO Libretto Workshop, was presented virtually. - After a six-month international search in 2020, the Board of Trustees proudly chose Afton Battle to become the company's eighth general director. The appointment of Ms. Battle, a native of Amarillo, marked a return to her home state of Texas, where she graduated from the University of Houston with a degree in Voice Performance, before attending Westminster Choir College in Princeton, New Jersey, and receiving a Master of Music in Voice Performance and Pedagogy. After carving out a successful career as a young operatic singer, she became a highly regarded Arts Administrator, Development Director and Consultant in the art, ballet, and theater worlds of Chicago and New York City, masterminding several significant corporate campaigns, before joining Fort Worth Opera in September of 2020 to lead the company. - During the company's 2020–2021 season, Fort Worth Opera launched FWO GO, an artistic initiative featuring socially distanced, pop-up performances in neighborhoods across the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, Voices for Votes, a series of mini-concerts to entertain voters waiting in long lines to cast their ballot on Election Day, and A Night of Black Excellence, an all-star concert in celebration of Black History Month. - Each season, Fort Worth Opera hosts young professional singers-in-residence, the FWO Lesley Apprentice Artists. The Lesley Apprentice Artists gain training and experience, mostly through the company's Children's Opera Theatre and in small roles within season productions. This program and the FWO Studio Artist program bring opera to approximately 40,000 school children each year across the state of Texas, including those in low-income and low-performing schools. Fort Worth Opera also offers “Student Night at the Opera,” final dress rehearsals open to middle and high school students, and student rush discounts as part of its educational outreach. - After 60 years of producing opera in the stagione style – one opera at a time over the fall and winter – Fort Worth Opera announced unprecedented change in February 2006: it would condense its entire schedule to an annual spring festival, with all of its operas and concerts being presented over a four-week period. The inaugural Fort Worth Opera Festival opened in May 2007 and featured the company's first main-stage world premiere, Frau Margot, by composer Thomas Pasatieri.[5] - The scheduling of performances is similar to that of established opera festivals like the Santa Fe Opera, where operas are performed alternately, allowing visitors to see multiple works within a few days. - According to Scott Cantrell of the Dallas Morning News, ""Fort Worth Opera has become one of the country's premier opera festivals."" The company booked its second main-stage world premiere, Before Night Falls by Cuban-American composer Jorge Martín, based on the memoirs of Cuban poet and writer Reinaldo Arenas. Before Night Falls was featured in the company's 2010 Festival along with Don Giovanni and The Elixir of Love.[6] - In 2021, Fort Worth Opera announced repertory, casting, and live performances for its landmark 75th anniversary season, including the world premiere of composer-librettist Héctor Armienta's Zorro. After 14 years of producing a nationally recognized Festival in the springtime, the organization returned to a year-round format during the 2021–2022 season, to expand its presence and visibility in the growing North Texas arts scene. -",2023-08-26 17:29:12 -Anthony Ray (producer) - Wikipedia,"Anthony Ray (November 24, 1937 – June 29, 2018) was an American actor, assistant director, producer and production manager. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Picture for the film An Unmarried Woman.[2] Ray died in June 2018 of an illness in Saco, Maine, at the age of 80.[3] His wife Gloria Grahame had previously been married to his father. The couple went on to have two children: Anthony, Jr. (born 1963) and James (born 1965).[4] - This article about an American film producer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:15 -The Sebadoh - Wikipedia," - The Sebadoh is the seventh studio album by the indie rock band Sebadoh.[7] It was released in 1999 on Sire Records. The album is the group's first and only major label release to date. - The Sebadoh is the only Sebadoh album with drummer Russell Pollard. - Rolling Stone wrote: ""What keeps The Sebadoh from flying apart is the no-frills production, which puts a premium on the three-way conversation among bass, guitar and Russ Pollard's drums.""[8] - - This 1990s alternative rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:18 -Kinney Run - Wikipedia,"Kinney Run, also known as Kinney's Run,[1] is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Scott Township and Bloomsburg, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 3.1 miles (5.0 km) long.[2] Some of the first settlers to the Kinney Run area arrived in 1769. There are a number of wetlands and one bog, which is called the Espy Bog, in the stream's watershed. - Kinney Run rises in Scott Township.[3] It heads through moderately steep or steep uplands along 5th Street Hollow Road before crossing 5th Street Hollow Road, passing a forested area[4] and U.S. Route 11 into a flood plain.[2][3] After crossing under U.S. Route 11, the stream goes through the Espy Bog.[4] The last 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) are on a flood plain. Here, the stream has a gradient of 0.002 meters downwards per meter. The flood plain that Kinney Run flows through is shared by another stream, called Unnamed Tributary Number 10.[3] Kinney Run then flows into Bloomsburg, passing by three wetlands and the Bloomsburg Town Park before emptying into the Susquehanna River at the end of Market Street.[4][5] Downstream of the point where Kinney Run crosses 5th Street Hollow Road, it passes by only two areas of steep slopes. Both of these areas are in Bloomsburg.[4] - The installation of pipes carrying stormwater into Kinney Run due to development in the watershed has increased erosion in the upper reaches of the stream. This has caused silt to be washed downstream.[3] - There are several structures that divert water away from Kinney Run. One of these was constructed in 1972, after Hurricane Agnes, to divert water from the stream under the runway of the Bloomsburg Municipal Airport directly to the Susquehanna River.[3] - Typically, when Kinney Run floods, it occurs at the same time as when the Susquehanna River floods. In two storms, Kinney Run has flooded twice. The first time was due to precipitation and the second time was due to backwater from the Susquehanna River. The two floods were the 1972 flood caused by Hurricane Agnes and a flood in January 1996. The second flood occurred approximately 24 hours after the first one on both times. However, in other storms, Kinney Run has only flooded once.[3] - Kinney Run's watershed has an area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2). Stormwater management has been a problem on Kinney Run for many years. The stream's watershed is entirely in southeastern Bloomsburg and southwestern Scott Township.[3] - Kinney Run is also home to a number of wetlands, as well as stormwater storage areas. The wetlands are large, and there is a large number of them. The stormwater storage areas exist due to the existence of railroad fills and highway fills in the watershed. There are two places on the stream where stormwater is diverted either to the Susquehanna River or the unnamed Tributary Number 10.[3] - In 1769, Evan Owen, the founder of the community of Berwick, settled at the mouth of Kinney Run.[6] Before the late 1800s, Kinney Run was well known to raftmen.[5] - The Kinney Run watershed has seen a large amount of development, both commercial and residential, since the 1970s and early 1980s. As most of the portion of Kinney Run that was in Bloomsburg, most of the development occurred in Scott Township.[3] - - WikiMiniAtlas40°59′26″N 76°26′51″W / 40.990524°N 76.447384°W / 40.990524; -76.447384 (Kinney Run) -",2023-08-26 17:29:23 -South Korea at the 1968 Winter Olympics - Wikipedia,"South Korea, as Republic of Korea, competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. It consists of 2 women & 6 men. - Men - Women - - This article related to sport in South Korea is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This 1968 Winter Olympics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:27 -Alpha Ibrahim Bah - Wikipedia,"Alpha Ibrahim Bah (born 1 January 1990) is a Guinean former professional footballer. - Bah began his career at VV Scharn before joining MVV in the summer of 2008. Bah made his first appearance on 8 August 2008 against FC Zwolle. - This biographical article related to Guinean football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:30 -Hoplia laticollis - Wikipedia," - Hoplia laticollis is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.[1][2][3] It is found in North America. Adults are about 6–8.5 millimetres (0.24–0.33 in) in length and very similar in appearance to Hoplia callipyge.[4] - - This Melolonthinae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:34 -Ozimica - Wikipedia,"Ozimica is a village in the municipality of Žepče, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] - According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,431.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:29:37 -Mormonism - Wikipedia," - - Mormonism is the religious tradition and theology of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity started by Joseph Smith in Western New York in the 1820s and 1830s. As a label, Mormonism has been applied to various aspects of the Latter Day Saint movement, although there has been a recent push from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to distance themselves from this label. A historian, Sydney E. Ahlstrom, wrote in 1982, ""One cannot even be sure, whether [Mormonism] is a sect, a mystery cult, a new religion, a church, a people, a nation, or an American subculture; indeed, at different times and places it is all of these.""[1][2] - A prominent feature of Mormon theology is the Book of Mormon, which describes itself as a chronicle of early Indigenous peoples of the Americas and their dealings with God.[3] Mormon theology includes mainstream Christian beliefs with modifications stemming from belief in revelations to Smith and other religious leaders. This includes the use of and belief in the Bible and other religious texts, including the Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price. Mormonism includes significant doctrines of eternal marriage, eternal progression, baptism for the dead, polygamy or plural marriage, sexual purity, health (specified in the Word of Wisdom), fasting, and Sabbath observance. - The theology itself is not uniform; as early as 1831, and most significantly after Smith's death, various groups split from the Church of Christ that Smith established.[4] Other than differences in leadership, these groups most significantly differ in their stances on polygamy, which the Utah-based LDS Church banned in 1890, and Trinitarianism, which the LDS Church does not affirm. The branch of theology which seeks to maintain the practice of polygamy is known as Mormon fundamentalism and includes several different churches.[5] Other groups affirm Trinitarianism, such as the Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), and describe their doctrine as Trinitarian Christian restorationist.[6] - Cultural Mormonism is a term coined by cultural Mormons who identify with the culture, especially present in much of the American Southwest,[7] but do not necessarily identify with the theology.[8][9] - The doctrines of Mormonism began with the farmboy Joseph Smith in the 1820s in Western New York during a period of religious excitement which is known as the Second Great Awakening.[10] Joseph being 14 years old was determined to find out which church teaches the true doctrine of God. He believed that God existed, but the contradictions in each church he attended confused him. In Joseph Smith-History, he wrote: ""While I was laboring under the extreme difficulties caused by the contests of these parties of religionists, I was one day reading the Epistle of James, first chapter and fifth verse, which reads: If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him."" After praying about which denomination he should join, Smith said he received a vision in the spring of 1820.[11] Called the ""First Vision"", Smith said that God the Father and his son Jesus Christ appeared to him and instructed him to join none of the existing churches because they were all wrong.[12] During the 1820s Smith chronicled several angelic visitations, and was eventually told that God would use him to re-establish the true Christian church.[13] - Joseph Smith said the Book of Mormon was translated from writing on golden plates in a reformed Egyptian language, translated with the assistance of the Urim and Thummim and seer stones. He said an angel first showed him the location of the plates in 1823, buried in a nearby hill. With the assistance of Martin Harris, an early follower, Smith began dictating the text of the Book of Mormon on April 12, 1828. Although translation was interrupted by persecution, Smith's continued employment in order to support his family, and Harris's loss of 116 pages, the Book of Mormon manuscript was finished in June 1829.[14] Smith said the plates were returned to the angel after he finished the translation. During the time Smith said he possessed the plates, 15 people were allowed to witness their existence. - The Book of Mormon claims to be a chronicle of early Israelites who left the Near East and traveled to the Americas. The book begins c. 600 BC with the departure from Jerusalem of the family of the prophet Lehi at the urging of God, and their sailing c. 589 BC to the Americas. It records the people of the Americas as having had a belief in Christ hundreds of years before his birth, their witnessing his personal visitation to them after his resurrection, and eventually losing Christianity after generations of wars and apostasy. The Book of Mormon and continuing revelations would be the means of establishing correct doctrine for the restored church. Smith, Oliver Cowdery, and other early followers began baptizing new converts in 1829 and formally organized in 1830 as the Church of Christ.[15] Smith was seen by his followers as a modern-day prophet.[16] - Historical accuracy and veracity of the Book of Mormon was, at the time of its publication and continuing to the present day, hotly contested. Along with disputes over the Book of Mormon, the early Church of Christ faced persecution from residents of several towns where they tried to gather and ""establish God's kingdom on the earth"".[3] To avoid confrontation in Palmyra, New York the members moved to Kirtland, Ohio, and hoped to establish a permanent New Jerusalem or City of Zion in Jackson County, Missouri.[17] However, they were expelled from Jackson County in 1833 and fled to other parts of Missouri in 1838. Violence between the Missourians and church members resulted in the governor of Missouri issuing an ""extermination order"" against the Mormons, as they were called, which again forced the church to relocate.[18] The displaced church fled to Illinois, to a small town called Commerce. Under Smith's direction, the church bought the town, renamed it Nauvoo, and lived with a degree of peace and prosperity for a few years.[19] However, tensions between Mormons and their neighbors again escalated and in 1844 Smith was killed by a mob, precipitating a succession crisis.[20] - The largest group of Mormons accepted Brigham Young as the new prophet and, under his direction, emigrated to what became the Utah Territory.[21] There, the church began the open practice of plural marriage, a form of polygyny which Smith had instituted in Nauvoo. Plural marriage became the faith's most sensational characteristic during the 19th century, but vigorous opposition by the United States Congress threatened the church's existence as a legal institution. Further, polygamy was also a major cause for the opposition to Mormonism in the states of Idaho and Arizona.[22] In the 1890 Manifesto, church president Wilford Woodruff announced the official end of plural marriage.[23] - Due to this formal abolition of plural marriage, several smaller groups broke with the LDS Church and formed denominations following what they called Mormon fundamentalism.[24] However, the LDS Church has experienced the most growth out of any of the churches following Mormonism, with a current membership of over 16 million.[25] - In orthodox Mormonism, the term God generally refers to the biblical God the Father, whom Latter Day Saints refer to as Elohim,[26][27][28] and the term Godhead refers to a council of three distinct divine persons consisting of God the Father, Jesus Christ (his firstborn Son, whom Latter Day Saints refer to as Jehovah), and the Holy Ghost.[26][28] Latter Day Saints believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are three distinct beings, and that the Father and Jesus have perfected, glorified, physical bodies, while the Holy Ghost is a spirit without a physical body.[26][29][30] Latter Day Saints also believe that there are other gods and goddesses outside the Godhead, such as a Heavenly Mother—who is the wife of God the Father—and that faithful Latter-day Saints may attain godhood in the afterlife.[31] Joseph Smith taught that God was once a man on another planet before being exalted to Godhood.[32] - This conception differs from the traditional Christian Trinity in several ways, one of which is that Mormonism has not adopted or continued to hold the doctrine of the Nicene Creed, that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are of the same substance or being.[26] Also, Mormonism teaches that the intelligence dwelling in each human is coeternal with God.[33] Mormons use the term omnipotent to describe God, and regard him as the creator: they understand him as being almighty and eternal but subject to eternal natural law which governs intelligences, justice and the eternal nature of matter (i.e. God organized the world but did not create it from nothing).[34] The Mormon conception of God also differs substantially from the Jewish tradition of ethical monotheism in which elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is a completely different conception. - This description of God represents the Mormon orthodoxy, formalized in 1915 based on earlier teachings. Other currently existing and historical branches of Mormonism have adopted different views of god, such as the Adam–God doctrine and Trinitarianism. - Mormonism describes itself as falling within world Christianity, but as a distinct restored dispensation; it characterizes itself as the only true form of the Christian religion since the time of a ""Great Apostasy"" that began not long after the ascension of Jesus Christ.[35] According to Mormons this apostasy involved the corruption of the pure, original Christian doctrine with Greek and other philosophies,[36] and followers dividing into different ideological groups.[37] Additionally, Mormons claim the martyrdom of the Apostles led to the loss of Priesthood authority to administer the Church and its ordinances.[38][39] - Mormons believe that God re-established the 1st-century early Christian church as found in the New Testament through the restoration of Joseph Smith.[40] In particular, Mormons believe that angels such as Peter, James, John, and John the Baptist appeared to Joseph Smith and others and bestowed various Priesthood authorities on them.[41] Mormons thus believe that their Church is the ""only true and living church"" because divine authority was restored to it through Smith. In addition, Mormons believe that Smith and his legitimate successors are modern prophets who receive revelation from God to guide the church. They maintain that other Christian religions have a portion of the truth and are guided by the light of Christ.[42][43] - Smith's cosmology is laid out mostly in Smith's later revelations and sermons, but particularly the Book of Abraham, the Book of Moses, and the King Follett discourse.[44] Mormon cosmology presents a unique view of God and the universe, and places a high importance on human agency. In Mormonism, life on earth is just a short part of an eternal existence. Mormons believe that in the beginning, all people existed as spirits or ""intelligences"", in the presence of God.[45] In this state, God proposed a plan of salvation whereby they could progress and ""have a privilege to advance like himself.""[46] The spirits were free to accept or reject this plan, and a ""third"" of them, led by Satan rejected it.[47] The rest accepted the plan, coming to earth and receiving bodies with an understanding that they would experience sin and suffering. - In Mormonism, the central part of God's plan is the atonement of Jesus Christ.[48] Mormons believe that one purpose of earthly life is to learn to choose good over evil. In this process, people inevitably make mistakes, becoming unworthy to return to the presence of God. Mormons believe that Jesus paid for the sins of the world and that all people can be saved through his atonement.[49] Mormons accept Christ's atonement through faith, repentance, formal covenants or ordinances such as baptism, and consistently trying to live a Christ-like life. - According to Mormon scripture, the Earth's creation was not ex nihilo, but organized from existing matter. The Earth is just one of many inhabited worlds, and there are many governing heavenly bodies, including the planet or star Kolob, which is said to be nearest the throne of God. - Mormon theology teaches that the United States is a unique place and that Mormons are God's chosen people, selected for a singular destiny.[50] The Book of Mormon alludes to the United States as being the Biblical promised land, with the Constitution of the United States being divinely inspired, and argues that America is an exceptional nation.[50][51][52] - In Upstate New York in 1823, Joseph Smith claimed to have had a vision in which the Angel Moroni told him about engraved golden plates buried in a nearby hill.[53][54] According to Smith, he received subsequent instruction from Moroni and, four years later, excavated the plates and translated them from ""reformed Egyptian"" into English; the resultant Book of Mormon—so called after an ancient American prophet who, according to Smith, had compiled the text recorded on the golden plates—recounts the history of a tribe of Israelites, led by the prophet Lehi, who migrated from Jerusalem to the Americas in the 7th century BCE.[53][54] In Mormonism, these Israelite tribes who migrated to the Americas centuries before the birth of Jesus Christ are considered to be among the ancestors of pre-Columbian Native Americans.[50][53][54] - Joseph Smith argued that the millennial New Jerusalem was to be built in America (10th Article of Faith).[51] In the Doctrine and Covenants, Smith records God as saying ""it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another. And for this purpose have I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood"" (D&C 101:79–80). To Mormons, this places America as the originator of religious liberty and freedom, while noting a need to expand these American values worldwide.[55] - Although officially shunned by the LDS Church, fundamentalist Mormons believe in the White Horse Prophecy, which argues that Mormons will be called upon to preserve the Constitution as it hangs ""by a thread"".[56][57] - In Mormonism, an ordinance is a religious ritual of special significance, often involving the formation of a covenant with God.[58] Ordinances are performed by the authority of the priesthood and in the name of Jesus Christ. The term has a meaning roughly similar to that of the term sacrament in other Christian denominations. - Saving ordinances (or ordinances viewed as necessary for salvation) include: baptism by immersion after the age of accountability (normally age 8); confirmation and reception of the gift of the Holy Ghost, performed by laying hands on the head of a newly baptized member; ordination to the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthoods for males; an endowment (including washing and anointing) received in temples; and marriage (or sealing) to a spouse.[59] - Mormons also perform other ordinances, which include the Lord's supper (commonly called the sacrament), naming and blessing children, giving priesthood blessings and patriarchal blessings, anointing and blessing the sick, participating in prayer circles, and setting apart individuals who are called to church positions. - In Mormonism, the saving ordinances are seen as necessary for salvation, but they are not sufficient in and of themselves. For example, baptism is required for exaltation, but simply having been baptized does not guarantee any eternal reward. The baptized person is expected to be obedient to God's commandments, to repent of any sinful conduct subsequent to baptism, and to receive the other saving ordinances. - Because Mormons believe that everyone must receive certain ordinances to be saved, Mormons perform ordinances on behalf of deceased persons.[60] These ordinances are performed vicariously or by ""proxy"" on behalf of the dead. In accordance with their belief in each individual's ""free agency"", living or dead, Mormons believe that the deceased may accept or reject the offered ordinance in the spirit world, just as all spirits decided to accept or reject God's plan originally. In addition, these ""conditional"" ordinances on behalf of the dead are performed only when a deceased person's genealogical information has been submitted to a temple and correctly processed there before the ordinance ritual is performed. Only ordinances for salvation are performed on behalf of deceased persons. - Mormons believe in the Old and New Testaments, and the LDS Church uses the Authorized King James Version as its official scriptural text of the Bible. While Mormons believe in the general accuracy of the modern day text of the Bible, they also believe that it is incomplete and that errors have been introduced.[61][62][63] In Mormon theology, many lost truths are restored in the Book of Mormon, which Mormons hold to be divine scripture and equal in authority to the Bible.[64] - The Mormon scriptural canon also includes a collection of revelations and writings contained in the Doctrine and Covenants which contains doctrine and prophecy and the Pearl of Great Price which addresses briefly Genesis to Exodus. These books, as well as the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible, have varying degrees of acceptance as divine scripture among different denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. - In Mormonism, continuous revelation is the principle that God or his divine agents still continue to communicate to mankind. This communication can be manifest in many ways: influences of the Holy Ghost (the principal form in which this principle is manifest), visions, visitations of divine beings, and others. Joseph Smith used the example of the Lord's revelations to Moses in Deuteronomy to explain the importance of continuous revelation: - God said, ""Thou shalt not kill""; at another time he said, ""Thou shalt utterly destroy."" This is the principle on which the government of heaven is conducted, by revelation adapted to the circumstances in which the children of the Kingdom are placed. Whatever God requires is right, no matter what it is, although we may not see the reason thereof till long after the events transpire.[65] Mormons believe that Smith and subsequent church leaders could speak scripture ""when moved upon by the Holy Ghost.""[66] In addition, many Mormons believe that ancient prophets in other regions of the world received revelations that resulted in additional scriptures that have been lost and may, one day, be forthcoming. In Mormonism, revelation is not limited to church members. For instance, Latter Day Saints believe that the United States Constitution is a divinely inspired document.[67] - Mormons are encouraged to develop a personal relationship with the Holy Ghost and receive personal revelation for their own direction and that of their family.[66] The Latter Day Saint concept of revelation includes the belief that revelation from God is available to all those who earnestly seek it with the intent of doing good. It also teaches that everyone is entitled to personal revelation with respect to his or her stewardship (leadership responsibility). Thus, parents may receive inspiration from God in raising their families, individuals can receive divine inspiration to help them meet personal challenges, church officers may receive revelation for those whom they serve. - The important consequence of this is that each person may receive confirmation that particular doctrines taught by a prophet are true, as well as gain divine insight in using those truths for their own benefit and eternal progress. In the church, personal revelation is expected and encouraged, and many converts believe that personal revelation from God was instrumental in their conversion.[68] - Mormonism categorizes itself within Christianity, and nearly all Mormons self-identify as Christian.[70][71][72] For some who define Christianity within the doctrines of Catholicism, Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy, the Churches of the East, and Protestantism, Mormonism's differences place it outside the umbrella of Christianity.[73][74][75] - Since its beginnings, the faith has proclaimed itself to be Christ's Church restored with its original authority, structure and power; maintaining that existing denominations believed in incorrect doctrines and were not acknowledged by God as his church and kingdom.[76] Though the religion quickly gained a large following of Christian seekers, in the 1830s, many American Christians came to view the church's early doctrines and practices[77] as politically and culturally subversive, as well as doctrinally heretical, abominable, and condemnable. This discord led to a series of sometimes-deadly conflicts between Mormons and others who saw themselves as orthodox Christians.[78] Although such violence declined during the twentieth century, the religion's unique doctrinal views and practices still generate criticism, sometimes vehemently so. This gives rise to efforts by Mormons and opposing types of Christians to proselytize each other.[citation needed] - Mormons believe in Jesus Christ as the literal Son of God and Messiah, his crucifixion as a conclusion of a sin offering, and subsequent resurrection.[79] However, Latter-day Saints (LDS) reject the ecumenical creeds and the definition of the Trinity.[80][81] (In contrast, the second-largest Latter Day Saint denomination, the Community of Christ, is Trinitarian and monotheistic.) Mormons hold the view that the New Testament prophesied both the apostasy from the teachings of Christ and his apostles as well as the restoration of all things prior to the second coming of Christ.[82] - Some notable differences with mainstream Christianity include: A belief that Jesus began his atonement in the garden of Gethsemane and continued it to his crucifixion, rather than the orthodox belief that the crucifixion alone was the physical atonement;[83] and an afterlife with three degrees of glory, with hell (often called spirit prison) being a temporary repository for the wicked between death and the resurrection.[84] Additionally, Mormons do not believe in creation ex nihilo, believing that matter is eternal, and creation involved God organizing existing matter.[85] - Much of the Mormon belief system is geographically oriented around the North and South American continents. Mormons believe that the people of the Book of Mormon lived in the western hemisphere, that Christ appeared in the western hemisphere after his death and resurrection, that the true faith was restored in Upstate New York by Joseph Smith, that the Garden of Eden was located in North America, and that the New Jerusalem would be built in Missouri.[citation needed] For this and other reasons, including a belief by many Mormons in American exceptionalism, Molly Worthen speculates that this may be why Leo Tolstoy described Mormonism as the ""quintessential 'American religion'"".[86] - Although Mormons do not claim to be part of Judaism, Mormon theology claims to situate Mormonism within the context of Judaism to an extent that goes beyond what most other Christian denominations claim. The faith incorporates many Old Testament ideas into its theology, and the beliefs of Mormons sometimes parallel those of Judaism and certain elements of Jewish culture. In the earliest days of Mormonism, Joseph Smith taught that the Indigenous peoples of the Americas were members of some of the Lost Tribes of Israel. Later, he taught that Mormons were Israelites, and that they may learn of their tribal affiliation within the twelve Israelite tribes. Members of the LDS Church receive Patriarchal blessings which declare the recipient's lineage within one of the tribes of Israel. The lineage is either through true blood-line or adoption. The LDS Church teaches that if one is not a direct descendant of one of the twelve tribes, upon baptism he or she is adopted into one of the tribes. Patriarchal blessings also include personal information which is revealed through a patriarch by the power of the priesthood. - The Mormon affinity for Judaism is expressed by the many references to Judaism in the Mormon liturgy. For example, Smith named the largest Mormon settlement he founded Nauvoo, which means ""to be beautiful"" in Hebrew. Brigham Young named a tributary of the Great Salt Lake the Jordan River. The LDS Church created a writing scheme called the Deseret Alphabet, which was based, in part, on Hebrew. The LDS Church has a Jerusalem Center in Israel, where students focus their study on Near Eastern history, culture, language, and the Bible.[87] - There has been some controversy involving Jewish groups who see the actions of some elements of Mormonism as offensive. In the 1990s, Jewish groups vocally opposed the LDS practice of baptism for the dead on behalf of Jewish victims of the Holocaust and Jews in general. According to LDS Church general authority Monte J. Brough, ""Mormons who baptized 380,000 Holocaust victims posthumously were motivated by love and compassion and did not understand their gesture might offend Jews ... they did not realize that what they intended as a 'Christian act of service' was 'misguided and insensitive'"".[88] Mormons believe that when the dead are baptized through proxy, they have the option of accepting or rejecting the ordinance. - Since its origins in the 19th century, Mormonism has been compared to Islam, often by detractors of one religion or the other.[89] For instance, Joseph Smith was referred to as ""the modern mahomet"" [sic] by the New York Herald,[90] shortly after his murder in June 1844. This epithet repeated a comparison that had been made from Smith's earliest career,[89] one that was not intended at the time to be complimentary. Comparison of the Mormon and Muslim prophets still occurs today,[when?] sometimes for derogatory or polemical reasons[91] but also for more scholarly (and neutral) purposes.[89] While Mormonism and Islam have many similarities, there are also significant, fundamental differences between the two religions. Mormon–Muslim relations have been historically cordial;[92] recent years have seen increasing dialogue between adherents of the two faiths, and cooperation in charitable endeavors, especially in the Middle and Far East.[93] - Islam and Mormonism both originate in the Abrahamic traditions. Each religion sees its founder (Muhammad for Islam, and Joseph Smith for Mormonism) as being a true prophet of God, called to re-establish the truths of these ancient theological belief systems that have been altered, corrupted, or lost. In addition, both prophets received visits from an angel, leading to additional books of scripture. Both religions share a high emphasis on family life, charitable giving, chastity, abstention from alcohol, and a special reverence for, though not worship of, their founding prophet. Before the 1890 Manifesto against plural marriage, Mormonism and Islam also shared in the belief in and practice of plural marriage, a practice now held in common by Islam and various branches of Mormon fundamentalism. - The religions differ significantly in their views on God. Islam insists upon the complete oneness and uniqueness of God (Allah), while Mormonism asserts that the Godhead is made up of three distinct ""personages.""[94] -Mormonism sees Jesus Christ as the promised Messiah and the literal Son of God, while Islam insists that the title ""Messiah"" means that Jesus (or ""Isa"") was a prophet sent to establish the true faith, not that he was the Son of God or a divine being. Despite opposition from other Christian denominations, Mormonism identifies itself as a Christian religion, the ""restoration"" of primitive Christianity. Islam does not refer to itself as ""Christian"", asserting that Jesus and all true followers of Christ's teachings were (and are) Muslims—a term that means submitters to God.[95] Islam proclaims that its prophet Muhammad was the ""seal of the prophets"",[96] and that no further prophets would come after him. Mormons, though honoring Joseph Smith as the first prophet in modern times, see him as just one in a long line of prophets, with Jesus Christ being the premier figure of the religion.[97] For these and many other reasons, group membership is generally mutually exclusive: both religious groups would agree that a person cannot be both Mormon and Muslim. - Mormon theology includes three main movements. By far the largest of these is ""mainstream Mormonism"", defined by the leadership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The two broad movements outside mainstream Mormonism are Mormon fundamentalism, and liberal reformist Mormonism. - Mainstream Mormonism is defined by the leadership of the LDS Church which identifies itself as Christian.[71] Members of the LDS Church consider their top leaders to be prophets and apostles, and are encouraged to accept their positions on matters of theology, while seeking confirmation of them through personal study of the Book of Mormon and the Bible. Personal prayer is encouraged as well. The LDS Church is by far the largest branch of Mormonism. It has continuously existed since the succession crisis of 1844 that split the Latter Day Saint movement after the death of founder Joseph Smith, Jr. - The LDS Church seeks to distance itself from other branches of Mormonism, particularly those that practice polygamy.[98] -The church maintains a degree of orthodoxy by excommunicating or disciplining its members who take positions or engage in practices viewed as apostasy. For example, the LDS Church excommunicates members who practice polygamy or who adopt the beliefs and practices of Mormon fundamentalism. - One way Mormon fundamentalism distinguishes itself from mainstream Mormonism is through the practice of plural marriage.[99] Fundamentalists initially broke from the LDS Church after that doctrine was discontinued around the beginning of the 20th century. Mormon fundamentalism teaches that plural marriage is a requirement for exaltation (the highest degree of salvation), which will allow them to live as gods and goddesses in the afterlife. Mainstream Mormons, by contrast, believe that a single Celestial marriage is necessary for exaltation. - In distinction with the LDS Church, Mormon fundamentalists also often believe in a number of other doctrines taught and practiced by Brigham Young in the 19th century, which the LDS Church has either abandoned, repudiated, or put in abeyance. These include: - Mormon fundamentalists believe that these principles were wrongly abandoned or changed by the LDS Church, in large part due to the desire of its leadership and members to assimilate into mainstream American society and avoid the persecutions and conflict that had characterized the church throughout its early years. Others believe that it was a necessity at some point for ""a restoration of all things""[This quote needs a citation] to be a truly restored Church. - Some LDS Church members have worked towards a more liberal reform of the church. Others have left the LDS Church and still consider themselves to be cultural Mormons. Others have formed new religions (many of them now defunct). For instance the Godbeites broke away from the LDS Church in the late 19th century, on the basis of both political and religious liberalism, and in 1985 the Restoration Church of Jesus Christ broke away from the LDS Church as an LGBT-friendly denomination, which was formally dissolved in 2010. - As the largest denomination within Mormonism, the LDS Church has been the subject of criticism since it was founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. - Perhaps the most controversial, and a key contributing factor for Smith's murder, is the claim that plural marriage (as defenders call it) or polygamy (as critics call it) is biblically authorized. Under heavy pressure—Utah would not be accepted as a state if polygamy was practiced—the church formally and publicly renounced the practice in 1890. Utah's statehood soon followed. However, plural marriage remains a controversial and divisive issue, as despite the official renunciation of 1890, it still has sympathizers, defenders, and semi-secret practitioners within Mormonism, though not within the LDS Church. - More recent criticism has focused on questions of historical revisionism, homophobia, racism,[100] sexist policies, inadequate financial disclosure, and the historical authenticity of the Book of Mormon. -",2023-08-26 17:29:40 -Peter Spicker House - Wikipedia,"The Peter Spicker House is an historic, American home that is located in Stouchsburg, Marion Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. - Located in the Stouchsburg Historic District, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.[1] - This historic structure is a native limestone dwelling. Its first section was built circa 1740, with the central portion added circa 1750 and the eastern section circa 1800. It is reflective of the transition from the Germanic to the Georgian style. - The oldest section is 1+1⁄2 stories and three bays wide. The central section is 2+1⁄2 stories and also three bays wide, with a gable and pent roof. The eastern section is also 2+1⁄2 stories, six bays wide, with a gable roof. Also located on the property is a late-eighteenth century, stone, Pennsylvania German bank barn.[2] - It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.[1] It is located in the Stouchsburg Historic District. - Oldest part of the house (1740). - Central portion (1750). - Home of Peter Spicker memorial plaque. - Barn, west side. - Barn, east banked ramp. -",2023-08-26 17:29:44 -"Cisy, Malbork County - Wikipedia","Cisy [ˈt͡ɕisɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malbork, within Malbork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.[1] It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Malbork and 43 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. - Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, 1939 - February 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. - The village has a population of 260. - -  WikiMiniAtlas54°2′22″N 18°58′48″E / 54.03944°N 18.98000°E / 54.03944; 18.98000 - This Malbork County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:47 -Gleb Chugunov - Wikipedia,"Gleb Chugunov (born 17 December 1999) is an international speedway rider from Russia, who rides on a Polish licence.[1] - Chugunov won a bronze medal at the Speedway World Cup in the 2017 Speedway World Cup. The following year the competition was rebranded as the Speedway of Nations and Chugunov has twice been credited with a gold medal for being part of the victorious Russian side in 2018 and 2019. - In 2020, he switched his licence and now represents Poland.[2][3] Chugunov controversially revealed that he married a Polish girl in order to obtain a Polish racing licence. The marriage allowed him to race while Russian riders were banned.[4] - He signed for GKM Grudziądz for the 2023 Polish speedway season.[5] - - This motorcycle speedway-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:51 -National Board of Review Awards 1951 - Wikipedia,"23rd National Board of Review Awards - December 17, 1951 - The 23rd National Board of Review Awards were announced on December 17, 1951. -",2023-08-26 17:29:54 -2003 Omloop Het Volk - Wikipedia,"The 2003 Omloop Het Volk was the 57th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 1 March 2003.[2] The race started in Ghent and finished in Lokeren. The race was won by Johan Museeuw. - This Omloop Het Nieuwsblad race article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:29:58 -Dim Mak (band) - Wikipedia,"Dim Mak is an American death metal band from New Jersey, United States. The band was formed by guitarist Shaune Kelley, vocalist Scott Ruth, and drummer Brandon Thomas, formerly members of Ripping Corpse.[1] Thomas left the band sometime after the release of Intercepting Fist to later join The Dying Light. - The band's lyrical and thematic inspirations include martial arts, Bruce Lee, human rage and violence, Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos, battles, etc. - - This article on a United States metal band is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:30:01 -Tropical cyclone forecasting - Wikipedia," - Tropical cyclone forecasting is the science of forecasting where a tropical cyclone's center, and its effects, are expected to be at some point in the future. There are several elements to tropical cyclone forecasting: track forecasting, intensity forecasting, rainfall forecasting, storm surge, tornado, and seasonal forecasting. While skill is increasing in regard to track forecasting, intensity forecasting skill remains unchanged over the past several years. Seasonal forecasting began in the 1980s in the Atlantic basin and has spread into other basins in the years since. - The methods through which tropical cyclones are forecast have changed with the passage of time. The first known forecasts in the Western Hemisphere were made by Lt. Col. William Reed of the Corps of Royal Engineers at Barbados in 1847. Reed mostly utilized barometric pressure measurements as the basis of his forecasts. Benito Vines introduced a forecast and warning system based on cloud cover changes in Havana during the 1870s. Before the early 1900s, though, most forecasts were done by direct observations at weather stations, which were then relayed to forecast centres via telegraph. It wasn't until the advent of radio in the early twentieth century that observations from ships at sea were available to forecasters. The 1930s saw the usage of radiosondes in tropical cyclone forecasting. The next decade saw the advent of aircraft-based reconnaissance by the military, starting with the first dedicated flight into a hurricane in 1943, and the establishment of the Hurricane Hunters in 1944. In the 1950s, coastal weather radars began to be used in the United States, and research reconnaissance flights by the precursor of the Hurricane Research Division began in 1954.[1] - The launch of the first weather satellite, TIROS-I, in 1960, introduced new forecasting techniques that remain important to tropical cyclone forecasting to the present. In the 1970s, buoys were introduced to improve the resolution of surface measurements, which until that point, were not available at all oversea surfaces.[1] - In the late 1970s, William Gray noticed a trend of low hurricane activity in the North Atlantic basin during El Niño years. He was the first researcher to make a connection between such events and positive results led him to pursue further research. He found numerous factors across the globe influence tropical cyclone activity, such as connecting wet periods over the African Sahel to an increase in major hurricane landfalls along the United States East Coast. However, his findings also showed inconsistencies when only looking at a single factor as a primary influence.[2] - Utilizing his findings, Gray developed an objective, statistical forecast for seasonal hurricane activity; he predicted only the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes, foregoing specifics on tracks and potential landfalls due to the aforementioned inconsistencies.[2] Gray issued his first seasonal forecast ahead of the 1984 season, which used the statistical relationships between tropical cyclone activity, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and Caribbean basin sea-level pressures.[3][4] The endeavour proved modestly successful.[2] He subsequently issued forecasts ahead of the start of the Atlantic hurricane season in May and before the peak of the season in August.[5] Students and colleagues joined his forecast team in the following years, including Christopher Landsea, Paul W. Mielke Jr., and Kenneth J. Berry.[6] - The large-scale synoptic flow determines 70 to 90 percent of a tropical cyclone's motion. The deep-layer mean flow is the best tool in determining track direction and speed. If storms are significantly sheared, use of a lower-level wind is a better predictor. Knowledge of the beta effect can be used to steer a tropical cyclone, since it leads to a more northwest heading for tropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. It is also best to smooth out short term wobbles of the storm centre to determine a more accurate trajectory.[7] - Because of the forces that affect tropical cyclone tracks, accurate track predictions depend on determining the position and strength of high- and low-pressure areas and predicting how those areas will change during the life of a tropical system. Combining forecast models with increased understanding of the forces that act on tropical cyclones, and a wealth of data from Earth-orbiting satellites and other sensors, scientists have increased the accuracy of track forecasts over recent decades.[8] An accurate track forecast is important, because if the track forecast is incorrect, forecasts for intensity, rainfall, storm surge, and tornado threat will also be incorrect. - The 1-2-3 rule (mariner's 1-2-3 rule or danger area) is a guideline commonly taught to mariners for severe storm (specifically hurricane and tropical storm) tracking and prediction. The 1-2-3 rule has two parts, the 34-Knot Rule which is the danger area to be avoided.[9] The 1-2-3 rule itself refers to the rounded long-term NHC/TPC forecast errors of 100-200-300 nautical miles at 24-48-72 hours, respectively. These numbers were close to the 10-year average for the 1982–1991-time frame.[10] However, these errors have decreased to near 50-100-150 as NHC forecasters become more accurate. The ""danger area"" to be avoided is constructed by expanding the forecast path by a radius equal to the respective hundreds of miles plus the forecast 34-Knot wind field radii.[11] - Forecasters say they are less skilful at predicting the intensity of tropical cyclones than cyclone track.[12] Available computing power limits forecasters' ability to accurately model a large number of complex factors, such as exact topology and atmospheric conditions, though with increased experience and understanding, even models with the same resolution can be tuned to more accurately reflect real-world behaviour.[13] Another weakness is lack of frequent wind speed measurements in the eye of the storm. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System, launched by NASA in 2016, is expected to provide much more data compared to sporadic measurements by weather buoys and hurricane-penetrating aircraft.[14] - An accurate track forecast is essential to creating accurate intensity forecasts, particularly in an area with large islands such as the western north Pacific and the Caribbean Sea, as proximity to land is an inhibiting factor to developing tropical cyclones. A strong hurricane/typhoon/cyclone can weaken if an outer eye wall forms (typically around 80–160 kilometres (50–99 mi) from the centre of the storm), choking off the convection within the inner eye wall. Such weakening is called an eyewall replacement cycle, and is usually temporary.[15] - Dr. Kerry Emanuel created a mathematical model around 1988, called the maximum potential intensity or MPI, to compute the upper limit of tropical cyclone intensity based on sea surface temperature and atmospheric profiles from the latest global model runs. Maps created from this equation show values of the maximum achievable intensity due to the thermodynamics of the atmosphere at the time of the last model run (either 0000 or 1200 UTC). However, MPI does not take vertical wind shear into account.[16] MPI is computed using the following formula: - - - - -V -= -A -+ -B -⋅ - -e - -C -( -T -− - -T - -0 - - -) - - - - -{\displaystyle V=A+B\cdot e^{C(T-T_{0})}} - - - Where - - - -V - - -{\displaystyle V} - - is the maximum potential velocity in meters per second; - - - -T - - -{\displaystyle T} - - is the sea surface temperature underneath the center of the tropical cyclone, - - - - -T - -0 - - - - -{\displaystyle T_{0}} - - is a reference temperature (30 °C) and - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - -, - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - and - - - -C - - -{\displaystyle C} - - are curve-fit constants. When - - - -A -= -28.2 - - -{\displaystyle A=28.2} - -, - - - -B -= -55.8 - - -{\displaystyle B=55.8} - -, and - - - -C -= -0.1813 - - -{\displaystyle C=0.1813} - -, the graph generated by this function corresponds to the 99th percentile of empirical tropical cyclone intensity data.[17] - Tropical cyclone rainfall forecasting is important, since between 1970 and 2004, inland flooding from tropical cyclones caused most of the fatalities from tropical cyclones in the United States.[18][19] While flooding is common to tropical cyclones near a landmass, there are a few factors which lead to excessive rainfall from tropical cyclones. Slow motion, as was seen during Hurricane Danny and Hurricane Wilma, can lead to high amounts. The presence of topography near the coast, as is the case across much of Mexico, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, much of Central America, Madagascar, Réunion, China, and Japan acts to magnify amounts due to upslope flow into the mountains. Strong upper level forcing from a trough moving through the Westerlies, as was the case during Hurricane Floyd, can lead to excessive amounts even from systems moving at an average forward motion. A combination of two of these factors could be especially crippling, as was seen during Hurricane Mitch in Central America.[20] Therefore, an accurate track forecast is essential in order to produce an accurate tropical cyclone rainfall forecast.[21] -However, as a result of global warming, the heat that has built up on the ocean's surface has allowed storms and hurricanes to capture more water vapour and, given the increased temperatures in the atmosphere also, retain the moisture for a longer capacity.[22] This results in incredible amounts of rainfall upon striking land which can often be the most damaging aspect of a hurricane. - Historically, tropical cyclone tracking charts were used to include the past track and prepare future forecasts at Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers. The need for a more modernized method for forecasting tropical cyclones had become apparent to operational weather forecasters by the mid-1980s. At that time the United States Department of Defence was using paper maps, acetate, grease pencils, and disparate computer programs to forecast tropical cyclones.[23] The Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (ATCF) software was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) beginning in 1986,[24] and used since 1988. During 1990 the system was adapted by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) for use at the NHC, National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center.[24][25] This provided the NHC with a multitasking software environment which allowed them to improve efficiency and cut the time required to make a forecast by 25% or 1 hour.[25] ATCF was originally developed for use within DOS, before later being adapted to Unix and Linux.[24] - The main storm surge forecast model in the Atlantic basin is SLOSH, which stands for Sea, Lake, Overland, Surge from Hurricanes.[26] It uses the size of a storm, its intensity, its forward motion, and the topography of the coastal plain to estimate the depth of a storm surge at any individual grid point across the United States. An accurate forecast track is required in order to produce accurate storm surge forecasts. However, if the landfall point is uncertain, a maximum envelope of water (MEOW) map can be generated based on the direction of approach. If the forecast track itself is also uncertain, a maximum of maximums (MoM) map can be generated which will show the worst possible scenario for a hurricane of a specific strength.[27] - The location of most tropical cyclone-related tornadoes is their northeast quadrant in the Northern Hemisphere and southeast quadrant in the Southern Hemisphere.[28] Like most of the other forecasts for tropical cyclone effects, an accurate track forecast is required in order to produce an accurate tornado threat forecast. - By looking at annual variations in various climate parameters, forecasters can make predictions about the overall number and intensity of tropical cyclones that will occur in a given season. For example, when constructing its seasonal outlooks, the Climate Prediction Center in the United States considers the effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, 25–40 year tropical cycle, wind shear over the oceans, and ocean surface temperature.[29] - -",2023-08-26 17:30:04 -List of Western Suburbs Magpies players - Wikipedia," - -This is a list of rugby league footballers who played first-grade for the Western Suburbs Magpies. Players are listed in the order they made their debut.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 17:30:11 -Quénonisca Lake - Wikipedia," - The Quenonisca Lake is a freshwater body of the municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James (Municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, Quebec, Canada. The -northern part of the lake is crossed to the West by the Broadback River. - Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second with an upstream navigable water body including the Broadback River and the Nipukatasi River. - The southern portion of the Quenonisca Lake hydrographic slope is accessible via a forest road (east-west direction) from the west, connecting the road going North. - The surface of Quénonisca Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April. - Quénonisca Lake is part of a group of lakes in the same area, which are formed in length, more or less parallel to each other, including the Salamander Lake (west side), the Rocher Lake (East side) crossed by the Nipukatasi River and Amisquioumisca Lake (East side). - Quenonisca Lake has a length of 56.9 kilometres (35.4 mi), a width of 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) [[James -Bay]], an elevation of 258 kilometres (160 mi) and an area of 51.68 square kilometres (19.95 sq mi). - Lake Quenonisca is mainly fed by the outlet of Lake Opataouaga, coming from the South and discharging at the bottom of a bay (length: 8.9 kilometres (5.5 mi)) on the South-East shore; and -by the dump of La Peupleraie lake pouring on the North-West shore. In addition, the Broadback River crosses the northern part of Quenonisca Lake to the west. - Quenonisca Lake is made up of 49 islands, one 5.1 kilometres (3.2 mi) at its mouth and another -5.0 kilometres (3.1 mi) in length near the southern part of Salamander Lake (lake neighbor on -the northwest side). - Areas around the lake have a generally level topography, except for: - The ""Intrusive Rocher-Quenonisca Suite"" includes the Whitefish Intrusion (nAwf) that outcrops mainly between lakes Quenonisca and Rocher (NTS sheets 32K09 and 32K10), Rocher Intrusion (nAlrc) and another small peridotite intrusion of less than 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) in diameter that cuts the paragneisses of the ""Rock Complex"" (nAroc) and the migmatitic gneisses of the ""Bétulaie Complex"" (nAbtu) in the area of Rocher Lake (NTS sheet 32K09). - This convert was originally described as the ""Rock-Kenonisca Massif"" by Franconi (1974) in his report on the mapping of the western half of the Frotet-Evans volcano-sedimentary band. It was renamed ""Rocher-Quénonisca Intrusive Suite"" by Brisson (1998) when mapping the Lac Rocher region (NTS sheet 32K09). The addition of the Whitefish Intrusion (nAwf) and the Rock Intrusion (nAlrc) as lithodemes in the Rocher-Quénonisca Intrusive Suite is proposed as a result of Leclerc and Caron-Côté field work and compilation. (2017). -[1] - Of Cree origin (Eastern Cree, Northern dialect), this hydronym means ""the long lake"". - The toponym Lac Quénonisca was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Commission de toponymie du Québec, at the creation of this commission.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:30:14 -Mike Mitchell (director) - Wikipedia," - Mike Mitchell (born October 18, 1970) is an American film director, writer, producer, actor and animator. He directed the films Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, Surviving Christmas, Sky High, Shrek Forever After, Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked, Trolls and The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part. - Mitchell was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the son of lawyer and former chairman of the Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board, Robert Mitchell and Julia Baker. According to his father, ""Mitchell's gifts for artistic imagery were discovered early."" He graduated from Putnam City North High School, and during this time was very much involved in the arts, then subsequently moved to Los Angeles to attend the California Institute of the Arts. During his time there, there was a demand for young animators, which led him into television. - Working for such filmmakers as Tim Burton and Spike Jonze, Mitchell became an illustrator. He has one older sister, Suzanne Mitchell Robertson. - He started his career as director for Matt O'Callaghan's The Itsy Bitsy Spider. He first gained critical attention when he co-wrote, produced and directed the short film Herd, which won several film festival awards, including the Spirit of Slamdance Award at the 1999 Slamdance Festival. That same year, he made his feature film directorial debut with the comedy Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, starring Rob Schneider. He worked for various companies including Disney, DreamWorks, MTV, Nickelodeon, Universal and Sony. - He directed the films Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked, Surviving Christmas and Sky High. The first two received negative reviews, while the third has received positive reviews. In 2006, he joined DreamWorks Animation, and was a story artist for Shrek the Third and Creative Consultant for Kung Fu Panda. He later directed the movie Shrek Forever After and voiced the character Butterpants. - Mitchell's short film Frannie's Christmas was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2012.[1] - He also worked as a voice actor for Advisor Wedgie (known as ""Nerd"" for most of the film) in Monsters vs. Aliens, and Andy ""Jack"" Beanstalk in Puss in Boots. He also directed live action sequences on The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water. He not only works on movies but in television as well. He directed and wrote several episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants. Mitchell also directed the animated film The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part, which was released on February 8, 2019, to positive reviews. Mitchell will also direct Nightcrawlers, a supernatural action comedy,[2] a sequel to Sky High,[3] a live-action-animated adaptation of the book We're Not From Here,[4] and a live-action/animated adaptation of the song Puff, the Magic Dragon.[5] - On April 26, 2023, it was announced that Mitchell is set to direct the fourth installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise, set for release on March 8, 2024.[6] - Sundance Film Festival: ""Frannie's Christmas"" (1993). - Aspen Shortsfest -1999: Won special recognition for ""Herd"" (1999). - Atlanta Film Festival -1999: Won Honorable Mention for Best Narrative Short: ""Herd"" (1999). - Birmingham Sidewalk Moving Picture Festival -1999: Won first prize for ""Herd"" (1999). - Slamdance Film Festival -1999: Won Spirt of Slamdance Award for ""Herd"" (1999). - HI Mom Film Festival -2000: Won first prize for ""Herd"" (1999). - Movieguide Award -2020: Won Best Movie for Families for ""The LEGO Movie 2: The Second Part"" (2019) (with Trisha Gum). -",2023-08-26 17:30:17 -Jurgen van den Goorbergh - Wikipedia,"Jurgen van den Goorbergh (born 29 December 1969) is a Dutch former professional motorcycle road racer also known as The Flying Dutchman.[1] His son, Zonta van den Goorbergh, is also a motorcycle racer and currently competes in Moto2. - Born in Breda, Netherlands, Van den Goorbergh won the Dutch 250cc road racing national championship in 1991.[2] He began his Grand Prix career in 1991 in the 250cc class. In 1997 he moved up to the 500cc class racing a privately sponsored Honda. MuZ hired him to race for them in the 1999 season. in this season he surprised by taking 2 pole positions. one at the circuit of Catalonia (Barcelona) and one in Brno. he raced with Mollenaar racing in 2000 and in 2001 raced with the team of Kenny Roberts-Proton team. The 2002 season did not start off well for van den Goorbergh, scoring only 21 points in first 10 races. At the end of season he made his best result in Australian Grand Prix, finished on 5th place only three hundredth of a second behind third Tohru Ukawa. - From 2003 to 2005, van den Goorbergh raced in the Supersport World Championship. He is considered an expert in wet racing. In the wet 2005 Chinese Grand Prix at Shanghai, van den Goorbergh substituted for the injured Makoto Tamada. He began from in 19th position and finished a respectable 6th place for the Konica Minolta Honda team. - In 2006 and 2007 van den Goorbergh did not join a road racing team, but tested MotoGP tyres for Michelin. He raced in the European Enduro Championships, the Dutch trial Championships and in Supermoto competitions. He competed in the Dakar Rally for the first time in 2009 - finishing 17th and best rookie that year. In 2010 Jurgen competed in Dakar again, this time with a buggy and did not finish. In 2010 Jurgen has competed in several events and is preparing himself for the 2011 Dakar - again with a buggy. - (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) -",2023-08-26 17:30:20 -Shukhrat Mukhammadiev - Wikipedia,"Shukhrat Mukhammadiev (born 24 June 1989) is an Uzbekistani professional footballer who plays as a defender for Lokomotiv Tashkent. - - This biographical article related to a Uzbekistani association football defender is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:30:23 -"Sauveterre, Hautes-Pyrénées - Wikipedia","Sauveterre (French pronunciation: ​[sovtɛʁ]; Occitan: Sauvatèrra) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France. - - This Hautes-Pyrénées geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:30:28 -III (Stanton Moore album) - Wikipedia,"III is Stanton Moore's third studio solo album released 2006. As each of Moore's solo albums have had unique character, III features keyboardist Robert Walter and guitarist Will Bernard for a 1970s-like soul funk with a ""sense of authenticity"" as ""artists who live it.""[2] - It was recorded at Preservation Hall by Mike Napolitano with equipment borrowed from Ani DiFranco.[3] It closes with songs chosen as a response to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. -",2023-08-26 17:30:32 -1987–88 Gamma Ethniki - Wikipedia,"The 1987–88 Gamma Ethniki was the fifth season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. Atromitos and Makedonikos were crowned champions in Southern and Northern Group respectively, thus winning promotion to Beta Ethniki.[1] Rethymniakos and Niki Volos also won promotion as a runners-up of the groups.[1] - Panargiakos, Kerkyra, Rodos, Ergotelis, Aiolikos Aris Nikaia, Achaiki, Messiniakos, Agrotikos Asteras, Lamia, Panetolikos, Polykastro, Olympiakos Chalkida, Ethnikos Alexandroupoli, Anagennisi Neapoli, Pandramaikos, Anagennisi Kolindros, Alexandreia and Nestos Chrysoupoli were relegated to Delta Ethniki.[1] - - -",2023-08-26 17:30:36 -Elmar Stegmann - Wikipedia,"Elmar Stegmann is a male former international table tennis player from Germany.[1] - He won a bronze medal at the 1963 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Eric Arndt, Dieter Michalek, Eberhard Schöler and Ernst Gomolla.[2][3] - This biographical article relating to a German table tennis figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:30:40 -Tai Koo Shing East (constituency) - Wikipedia," - Tai Koo Shing East is one of the 35 constituencies in the Eastern District. - The constituency returns one district councillor to the Eastern District Council, with an election every four years. The seat was last held by nonpartisan Patrick Wong Chun-sing. - Tai Koo Shing East constituency is loosely based on eastern part of Taikoo Shing with estimated population of 18,063.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:30:44 -Foodstuffs (company) - Wikipedia," - Foodstuffs (NZ) Ltd is a New Zealand grocery company owned by the retailers' cooperatives, Foodstuffs North Island Limited and Foodstuffs South Island Limited.[1] Together, the two cooperatives collectively control an estimated 53% of the New Zealand grocery market. The group owns retail franchises Four Square, New World and PAK'nSAVE, in-store private labels Pam's, Pam's Finest, and Value (formerly named Budget).[2] - Foodstuffs' major competitor is the New Zealand division of the Australian Woolworths Group through their main supermarket chain Countdown, creating an effective duopoly in New Zealand's supermarket industry.[3] - The first Foodstuffs co-operative was formed in Auckland in 1922. On 6 July 1922, Foodstuffs founder J Heaton Barker called together members of the Auckland Master Grocers' Association to discuss plans for the formation of a co-operative buying group. The buying group expanded in 1925 with the introduction of Four Square branding on members' stores. Similar co-operatives were set up in other parts of the country, with Wellington commencing also in 1922, Christchurch in 1928 and Dunedin in 1948. Initially, the buying groups traded under different names, but in 1935, the name Foodstuffs was applied to all the original co-operatives.[citation needed] - There have been various mergers between the small regional co-operatives, and until 2013[4] there were three co-operative companies: Foodstuffs (Auckland) Ltd; Foodstuffs (Wellington) Co-operative Society Ltd, and Foodstuffs South Island Ltd. Each operated independently and autonomously with its own board of directors, chief executive officer and management structure. There were no common members or shareholders. The organisation has continued to evolve, adopting supermarkets early in their evolution with the formation of the New World group in 1963. The PAK'nSAVE group began later, and the first store was opened in Kaitaia in 1985. - On 7 February 2013, Foodstuffs (Auckland) Ltd and Foodstuffs (Wellington) Co-operative Society Ltd announced that a merger was being planned to bring the two companies together under the name Foodstuffs North Island Ltd. The merged Foodstuffs North Island started trading on 1 September 2013. - Four Square is a national chain of 225[5] small scale supermarkets that operate in both the North and South Islands. During the 1950s the Foodstuffs advertising department designed the famous ""Mr 4 Square"" who initially appeared only in newspaper advertising and posters, but was developed to become part of the Four Square identity, appearing in every Four Square store and eventually becoming a nationally recognised symbol in New Zealand, remaining famous to this day. The image is often closely associated with the art of New Zealand artist Dick Frizzell, who has used the iconic character in many of his works. - The name Four Square emerged when Mr Barker, while talking on the telephone to one of the buying group members on 4th July 1924, drew a square around the 4 of the date on his calendar. He immediately realised he had a suitable name for the buying group, stating that ""they would stand 'Four Square' to all the winds that blew"".[6] - -The current Four Square brand was designed by Auckland branding and design studio Sanders Design.[7] - New World is a full-service supermarket chain. Founded in 1963, New World was the first American-style full-service supermarket brand of Foodstuffs, and the second in New Zealand (after Foodtown). There is a total of 148 New World supermarkets across the North and South Islands of New Zealand (as of July 2023).[8] New World stores tend to be smaller (2,500–3,000 square metres (27,000–32,000 sq ft)) and more upscale than their competitors. Prices tend to be higher in most stores, due to the cost of upscale presentation, large employee numbers (200–300 in some large stores), and often a lack of competition, especially in smaller towns. New World has been a member of the Fly Buys programme since the programme started in September 1996; Foodstuffs has a 25% stake in the Fly Buys company. - The New World brand was designed by Auckland design and branding studio Sanders Design.[9] - PAK'nSAVE is a New Zealand discount supermarket chain owned by the Foodstuffs cooperative. Founded in 1985, PAK'nSAVE is the most recent of the three current major New Zealand supermarkets (Countdown, New World, and PAK'nSAVE) to be founded. There are 58 PAK'nSAVE stores operating across the North and South Islands of New Zealand as of July 2023.[10] Stores are large and have a no-frills environment, often with unlined interiors and concrete floors. Customers are left to pack their own bags or boxes. - PAK'nSAVE was developed following a trip by a group of Foodstuffs executives to the United States in 1985. On that visit they saw Cub Foods, operated by SuperValu, 'Pak 'n Save' operated by Safeway, and other box warehouse supermarkets. Foodstuffs then copied this format in New Zealand. The original PAK'nSAVE format was almost an identical copy of Safeway's 'Pak 'n Save' chain in Northern California. - The PAK'nSAVE brand was designed by Auckland design and branding studio Sanders Design.[11] - The stores are supplied daily from their co-operative distributor Foodstuffs. PAK'nSAVE stores often buys stock in bulk. This process means that stores don't offer a wide variety of products as full-service supermarkets – a 2009 Consumer magazine survey noticed this especially in the pet food and toilet paper categories.[12] - On September 13, 2017, Levin's Write Price supermarket was rebranded as PAK'nSAVE Mini. PAK'nSAVE Mini is a small format store that stocks around 2,500 products. In comparison, standard PAK'nSAVE stores stock approximately 8,000 SKUs. - On the Spot is a chain of 71 (as of July 2023) convenience stores/dairies in the South Island.[13] - Foodstuffs operates a franchise of independently owned liquor stores: LiquorLand.[14] - LiquorLand is run by Foodstuffs North Island and Foodstuffs South Island. It has 147 stores, including 45 Auckland stores. The chain sells a range of spirits, liqueurs, beer, wine, cider, RTDs and snack food, including confectionery.[15] - Henry's Beer, Wine & Spirits was run by Foodstuffs South Island. These have now been rebranded to LiquorLand stores.[16] - Foodstuffs: - Supermarket Brands: - Wholesale Brands: - Other Brands: - -",2023-08-26 17:30:47 -Ruby Barnhill - Wikipedia," - Ruby Ann Barnhill [1] (born 16 July 2004) is a British former child actress. She played the lead role of Sophie in Steven Spielberg's Disney live-action film of 2016, The BFG.[2][3] She subsequently provided the voice of Mary Smith in the English dub of the 2017 film by Studio Ponoc entitled Mary and the Witch's Flower. - Barnhill was born on 16 July 2004 in Knutsford, Cheshire, England. She lives with her parents and younger sister in Cheshire, and she is a member of the local youth theatre.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:30:51 -Necip Asım Yazıksız - Wikipedia,"Necip Asım Yazıksız (29 December 1861 – 12 December 1935) was a Turkish historian, linguist, and politician, known for his studies on various Turkish dialects and having served as MP in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Parliaments of Turkey representing Erzurum.[1] - Necip Asım was born in Kilis on 29 December 1861 to Hacı Asım Bey, who was from a family of sipahis known as Balhasanoğlu. Necip Asım got his early education in his hometown. He first went to the military high school in Damascus (Turkish: Şam Askerî İdadisi) in 1875 and later transferred to Kuleli Military High School in Istanbul. There, he was taught by Ottoman scientist Hoca Tahsin Efendi and started writing on scientific topics in the Tercüman-ı Hakikat newspaper, encouraged by writer Ahmet Mithat. In 1879, he started the Turkish Military Academy in Harbiye, graduating in 1881 as an infantry lieutenant.[2] - He started teaching French in various military schools. He became a first lieutenant in 1884, captain in 1886, and lieutenant colonel in 1908. Having also taught Turkish and history, he retired in 1913 as a colonel.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:30:54 -2018 Stockholm regional election - Wikipedia,"Stockholm County or Region Stockholm held a regional council election on 9 September 2018 on the same day as the general and municipal elections.[1][2] - There were 149 seats, the same number as in 2014.[3] The Social Democrats supplanted the Moderates as the largest party.[1] However, after protracted negotiations, a majority Blue-Green government was formed between the Alliance parties and the Green Party.[4] Previously, the Alliance parties had a majority since the 2014 regional elections, but losses to the Sweden Democrats necessitated the formation of a cross-bloc coalition with the Greens to gather a governing majority, as the Alliance parties wished to avoid relying on the Sweden Democrats.[5] - Stockholm Municipality was divided into six separate electoral wards (Södermalm-Enskede, Bromma-Kungsholmen, Norrmalm-Östermalm-Gamla Stan, Östra Söderort, Västra Söderort and Yttre Västerort) and its results were not counted as a unit. These wards have in these lists been translated to English to shorten columns. -",2023-08-26 17:30:58 -Apamea - Wikipedia,"Apamea or Apameia (Ancient Greek: Απάμεια) is the name of several Hellenistic cities in western Asia, after Apama, the Sogdian wife of Seleucus I Nicator, several of which are also former bishoprics and Catholic titular see. - Places called Apamea include: -",2023-08-26 17:31:02 -John J. O'Donnell - Wikipedia,"John Joseph O'Donnell (January 14, 1925 – March 20, 2022) was an American labor union leader. - Born in Dracut, Massachusetts, O'Donnell served in the United States Navy during World War II, and later, in the United States Air Force. He left in 1956, to become an airline pilot with Eastern Airlines, and joined the Air Line Pilots' Association (ALPA). He serve on ALPA's board of directors from 1960 to 1964, and chaired its retirement and insurance committee from 1966. In 1971, he was elected as president of ALPA, also serving on various government and labor union committees. In 1979, he was also elected as a vice-president of the AFL-CIO.[1] Under his leadership, ALPA established a Flight Security Committee and developed the Human Intervention Motivation Study.[2] - In 1982, O'Donnell was defeated while running for re-election as leader of ALPA.[1] The following year, he was appointed by Ronald Reagan as an assistant secretary of labor.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:31:05 -Chase Stokes - Wikipedia,"James Alexander Chase Stokes (born September 16, 1992)[1] is an American actor. He is known for his role as John Booker Routledge (John B) in the Netflix teen drama series Outer Banks.[2][3] - Stokes was born in Annapolis, Maryland, the only child of Jeff Stokes and Jennifer Canning. His parents divorced when he was several months old.[4] Stokes subsequently moved with his mother to Canton, Georgia,[5] and later to Orlando, Florida as a teenager where he attended Timber Creek High School.[6] He received his bachelor's degree at Valencia College and later attended University of Central Florida and Seminole State College.[7] Growing up, he aspired to become a professional ice hockey player.[8] - Stokes had small roles in television at the beginning of his acting career, including Stranger Things, Daytime Divas, and Tell Me Your Secrets.[9] - He originally turned down an offer to audition for Outer Banks in February 2019, before reading for the role of Topper and later John B.[10] The first season was released on April 15, 2020, to positive reviews, and a second season was confirmed in July.[11] - That same month, it was announced that he would be playing TJ in One Of Us Is Lying. However, after filming the pilot in 2019, it was announced that Chase would not return due to a scheduling conflict with the second season of Outer Banks and he was replaced.[12] - In September 2020, Stokes and Madelyn Cline starred in the music video for Kygo and Donna Summer's single ""Hot Stuff"". - In June 2020, Stokes announced that he was in a relationship with his Outer Banks co-star Madelyn Cline.[13] The couple split in October 2021.[14] Stokes has been in a relationship with country singer Kelsea Ballerini since December 2022.[15] -",2023-08-26 17:31:09 -CUNY School of Professional Studies - Wikipedia,"The CUNY School of Professional Studies (CUNY SPS) is a public university and is part of the City University of New York (CUNY). - In June of 2003, Neil Kleiman, then-director of the Center for an Urban Future, addressed the Board of Trustees of the City University of New York detailing the need for creating the CUNY School of Professional Studies (CUNY SPS).[1] - In 2013, CUNY SPS opened its principal campus in midtown Manhattan, at the former site of the Gimbels department store.[2] - CUNY SPS became CUNY’s first and leading campus to offer fully online degree programs at both the bachelor's and master's level. In 2022, for the second year in a row, the U.S. News & World Report named CUNY SPS in the top ten of their nationwide list of Best Online Bachelor’s Programs.[3] Ranked #10 in the nation out of 358 schools assessed, with a score of 94 out of 100, CUNY SPS is the highest listed in New York State. Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranked CUNY SPS #5 in the nation on the publisher’s 2022 list of Best Online Bachelor’s Programs for Veterans, moving up one spot from 2021.[4] - The following list contains the names of the CUNY School of Professional Studies programs that have been registered with the New York State Education Department (NYSED) under the CUNY Graduate School and University Center and assigned HEGIS code numbers in compliance with State requirements. - CUNY SPS has over 6,000 alumni who work principally in the healthcare and business sectors. While the majority of its alumni reside in the United States, the school has vast alumni representation in the Czech Republic, Kenya, India, Serbia, and Slovakia. -",2023-08-26 17:31:13 -Bot herder - Wikipedia,"Bot herders[1] are hackers who use automated techniques to scan specific network ranges and find vulnerable systems, such as machines without current security patches, on which to install their bot program.[2] The infected machine then has become one of many zombies[3] in a botnet and responds to commands given by the bot herder, usually via an Internet Relay Chat channel. - One of the new bot herders includes the controller of Conficker. - A bot herder usually uses a pseudonym to keep themselves anonymous, and may use proxy servers, shell accounts and bouncers to conceal their IP address thus maintaining anonymity. - This computer security article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:31:16 -Yohei Toyoda - Wikipedia,"Yohei Toyoda (豊田 陽平, Toyoda Yōhei, born 11 April 1985) is a Japanese football player who plays for Zweigen Kanazawa.[1] He played for Japan national team. - After graduating from Seiryo High School, Toyoda joined Nagoya Grampus Eight. He made his first league appearance on August 21, 2004 against Júbilo Iwata. His first league goal came on July 23, 2005 against Kashima Antlers. He played for J2 League side Montedio Yamagata in 2007 and 2008 on a loan deal. After helping Yamagata to promote to J1 League, Toyoda made a permanent move to fellow J1 League side Kyoto Sanga FC in December 2008.[2] - Toyoda went on loan to Ulsan Hyundai FC for the 2018 K League 1 season but his loan was terminated less than halfway through the season as he struggled to make an impact for his new team. He made 9 appearances scoring just 2 goals in Ulsan.[3] - Toyoda loan again to Tochigi SC for the during 2021 J2 League mid season but his loan was terminated less than end through the season as he struggled to make an impact for his new team. He made 16 appearances scoring just 3 goals in Tochigi. - On 24 December 2021, Toyoda announcement officially transfer to J2 club, Zweigen Kanazawa for upcoming 2022 season.[4] - Toyoda was a member of the Japan U-23 national team for the 2008 Summer Olympics finals. He scored a goal in a group stage match against Nigeria.[5] - [7] -",2023-08-26 17:31:20 -List of British comedy series by episode count - Wikipedia," - -This is a list of the longest-running British comedy series in the United Kingdom, which have reached or exceeded 100 episodes. -",2023-08-26 17:31:23 -Ryo Kawasaki - Wikipedia,"Ryo Kawasaki (川崎 燎, Kawasaki Ryō, February 25, 1947 – April 13, 2020) was a Japanese jazz fusion guitarist, composer and band leader, best known as one of the first musicians to develop and popularise the fusion genre and for helping to develop the guitar synthesizer in collaboration with Roland Corporation and Korg. His album Ryo Kawasaki and the Golden Dragon Live was one of the first all-digital recordings and he created the Kawasaki Synthesizer for the Commodore 64. During the 1960s, he played with various Japanese jazz groups and also formed his own bands. In the early 1970s, he moved to New York City, where he settled and worked with Gil Evans, Elvin Jones, Chico Hamilton, Ted Curson, Joanne Brackeen amongst others. In the mid-1980s, Kawasaki drifted out of performing music in favour of writing music software for computers. He also produced several techno dance singles, formed his own record company called Satellites Records, and later returned to jazz-fusion in 1991. - Ryo Kawasaki was born on February 25, 1947, in Kōenji, Tokyo, while Japan was still struggling and recovering from the early post World War II period. His father, Torao Kawasaki, was a Japanese diplomat who had worked for The Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 1919. Torao worked at several Japanese consulates and embassies, including San Francisco, Honolulu, Fengtian (then capital of Manchuria, now Shenyang in China), Shanghai, and Beijing while active as an English teacher and translator for official diplomatic conferences. Ryo's mother, Hiroko, was also multilingual, and spoke German, Russian, English, and Chinese aside from her native tongue Japanese. Hiroko grew up in Manchuria and then met Torao in Shanghai. Torao was already 58 years old when Ryo was born as an only child. - Kawasaki's mother encouraged him to take piano and ballet lessons, and he took voice lessons and solfege at age four and violin lessons at five, and he was reading music before elementary school. As a grade scholar, he began a lifelong fascination with astronomy and electronics (he built his own radios, TVs and audio systems including amplifiers and speakers as well as telescopes). When Ryo was 10, he bought a ukulele and, at 14, he got his first acoustic guitar. The album Midnight Blue by Kenny Burrell and Stanley Turrentine inspired Ryo to study jazz. - In high school, he began hanging out at coffee-houses that featured live music, formed a jazz ensemble and built an electronic organ that served as a primitive synthesizer. By the time he was 16, his band was playing professionally in cabarets and strip joints. Although he continued to play music regularly, he attended Nippon University, majored in physics and earned his Bachelor of Science Degree. He also did some teaching and contest judging at the Yamaha musical instrument manufacturer's jazz school. Additionally, he worked as a sound engineer for Japanese Victor Records and BGM/TBS Music, where he learned mixing and editing. - He recorded his first solo album for Polydor Records when he was 22. Although he continued to perform with his jazz group, and at a young age was voted the No. 3 jazz guitarist in a Japanese jazz poll, Kawasaki spent most of the next three years working as studio musician on everything from advertising jingles to pop songs including countless radio and TV appearances. He recorded his second album for Toshiba when he was 24. He played with B.B. King at a blues festival and also met George Benson (they jammed for five hours at Kawasaki's house). - He also has recorded and worked with notable Japanese jazz musicians such as drummer Takeshi Inomata and Sound limits, saxophonist Jiro Inagaki and Soul Mates, saxophonist Keiichiro Ebisawa, saxophonist Seiichi Nakamura, pianist Masahiko Sato (佐藤允彦), saxophonist Hidehiko Matsumoto (松本英彦) and many others. - In 1973, Kawasaki arrived in New York. A friend picked him up at the airport and offered him an immediate gig with Joe Lee Wilson playing at the Lincoln Center as part of the Newport Jazz Festival. Soon Kawasaki was jamming regularly as part of the jazz community's ""loft scene"", and was invited to play with Bobbi Humphrey. A few months later, Kawasaki walked up to his apartment and found a stranger waiting for him at his front door. It was Gil Evans and he invited Kawasaki to join The Gil Evans Orchestra (David Sanborn, Howard Johnson, Tom Malone, Lew Soloff) which was then working on a jazz recording of Jimi Hendrix compositions, The Gil Evans Orchestra Plays the Music of Jimi Hendrix. Hendrix had dreamed up the concept with Evans, but Jimi died a week before the project started in 1970. Kawasaki also played on another Gil Evans album on RCA, There Comes a Time, with Tony Williams on drums. Kawasaki rehearsed for a month with the third edition of Tony Williams' Lifetime with trio format with bassist Doug Rauch working with Carlos Santana at that time, but Tony left to spend a year in Europe before the band got the chance to perform in public. - Kawasaki followed in the footsteps of Jim Hall, Gábor Szabó and Larry Coryell by becoming the guitarist in the Chico Hamilton Band, playing on a U.S. tour and working on various film scores that Chico recorded in Hollywood. Kawasaki made his debut U.S. album, Juice, in 1976 for RCA and was one of the first Japanese jazz artists to sign with a major label in the States. Sidemen on the project included Tom Coster (Carlos Santana) and Sam Morrison (Miles Davis). Kawasaki followed that recording with two more albums, Prism and Eight Mile Road, for the Japanese label East Wind. He also joined the Elvin Jones Band for a year-long tour of North and South America and Europe. By 1978, Kawasaki was tired of touring with other bands and returned to his own projects. - He explored Music of India, learned ragas and recorded an Audio Fidelity album, Ring Toss, that combined eastern and western music. With Dave Liebman he recorded Nature's Revenge for the German MPS label and they toured Europe. Ryo also toured European jazz festivals with Joanne Brackeen as piano – guitar duo, and they recorded a pair of albums—AFT and Trinkets and Things—for Timeless Records in the Netherlands. In Japan, Sony's Open Sky label signed Ryo for three albums—Mirror of my Mind, Little Tree and Live—the latter, recorded in a Tokyo club, was one of the first all-digital recordings. Notable musicians who participated on those recordings include Michael Brecker, Harvey Mason, Leon Pendarvis, Azar Lawrence, Anthony Jackson, Lincoln Goines, Barbara Morillo aka Ilana, Badal Roy, Nana Vasconcelos, Buddy Williams, Larry Willis, and Alex Blake. He also recorded an album called Sapporo for the Swiss label America Sound in 1980 while touring Switzerland and Germany. - Kawasaki invented his own guitar synthesizer in 1979, and used it to perform numerous solo shows at planetariums from 1980 to 1983. He also formed the jazz-rock group The Golden Dragon and performed concerts regularly in early 1980s. Fostex developed the first quarter- inch-tape, eight-track recorder called A8 along with 2 track mastering machine A2 and asked Kawasaki to be the first artist to use it. He recorded the album Ryo in 1981 for Philips Records and gained notoriety for creating all the music himself. He played only a nylon-string acoustic guitar with all his backing tracks created on his guitar synthesizer including the entire original orchestration of Joaquin Rodrigo's well known Concierto de Aranjuez – Adagio movement. He did another similar recording, Lucky Lady, the next year. - When the Commodore 64 computer came out and was the first computer with a music synthesizer chip built-in (as opposed to a more common sound chip), Kawasaki became fascinated by the possibilities. He learned to write computer programs and devoted 16 hours a day for two years creating four music software programs—Kawasaki Synthesizer, Kawasaki Rhythm Rocker, Kawasaki Magical Musicquill, and Kawasaki MIDI Workstation—distributed by Sight and Sound Music. The first three programs were for school and home use, and the last one was for professional studios. He created an all-synthesized album, Images, in 1987; and the soundtrack, Pleasure Garden, in 1990, for an IMAX film about the preservation of the Earth's endangered tropical rain forests. - From 1986 to 1990, Kawasaki produced a series of high-charting 12 inch dance singles—""Electric World"", ""One Kiss"", ""No Expectations"", ""Say Baby I Love You"", ""Don't Tell Me"", ""Wildest Dreams"", ""Life is The Rhythm"", ""Pleasure Garden"", and ""Acid Heat""—that mixed free-style, house, acid house and ambient sounds. All of the production was done at his home studio, The Satellite Station, and the records were released on his own label, Satellites Records. His band and a dance troupe (organized by the band's lead singer - Barbara 'Ilana' Morillo) also performed extensively in New York dance clubs. In addition, for five years (1988 to 1993), Kawasaki was the New York producer and director of two Japanese national weekly music radio programs, The Music Now and Idex Music Jam. He also collaborated with Japanese koto master Kicho Takano and produced ""Crystallization"" in 1986. - Kawasaki's musical direction took another dramatic turn when he was signed by the new jazz and adult contemporary Japanese label One Voice as an artist and record producer. Kawasaki's return to jazz, and his first album for the label, was the 1992 acoustic solo guitar album Here, There and Everywhere (released on One Voice in Japan and on Satellites Records in the U.S.). Kawasaki has produced and performed on three albums by Brazilian singer and guitarist Camila Benson for this label. Ryo has continued to release a steady string of albums—the acoustic My Reverie (music from Bill Evans, Debussy, Ravel and Gershwin), the electric jazz guitar-oriented Love Within The Universe (which received considerable airplay across the country), ""Remixes Remixes Vol. 1"" (also featuring Benson), ""Sweet Life"" and CD releases of ""Mirror of my Mind"" (a jazz ensemble recording with Harvey Mason, Michael Brecker, Anthony Jackson, Leon Pendarvis and vocalist Radha Shottam). - His 1999 release Cosmic Rhythm features British singer lyricist Clare Foster along with Kawasaki's rhythm section Victor Jones on drums, Lincoln Goines on bass. The album also features David Kikoski on piano and Shunzo Ohno on flugelhorn. All the songs were arranged and recorded by Kawasaki including original ten songs by Ryo himself. - During 1995–1999, three hip hop artists, Puff Daddy, Kool G Rap, and Keith Murray, recorded Kawasaki's original composition ""Bamboo Child"" on their latest albums more than twenty years after its original recording. - In 2001, Kawasaki released the live studio album Reval, recorded in Tallinn, Estonia with Estonian musicians Toivo Unt on bass, Aivar Vassiljev on drums, and Kristi Keel on English horn. - His other projects include being a composer, music director as well as a guitarist for the jazz ballet ""Still Point"" for the Estonian National Opera House during 2000-2002. This ballet is choreographed by Russell Adamson, a native Jamaican who resides in Helsinki. - Kawasaki released his third acoustic guitar solo album E in 2002. - From the year 2000 onwards, Kawasaki further expanded his live appearances into Russia and Baltic region jazz festivals. His quartet has appeared at Rigas Ritmi Jazz Festival in Riga/Latvia, Pori and other jazz festivals in Finland, Ukraine, Lithuania, and Saransk Jazz Ark Festival. He also appeared numerous times at Nõmme Jazz Festival in Estonia while assisting the production of this jazz festival. - Kawasaki's projects during 2005–2008 included guitar trio project with American drummer Brian Melvin and Estonian bassist Toivo Unt under the ""Art of Trio"" name, performing in a variety of venues in Finland, Sweden, and the Baltic states, and performing with Estonian vocalist Jaanika Ventsel, while also touring and recording in Japan for the duo project with bassist Yoshio 'Chin' Suzuki (鈴木良雄), their duo CD ""Agana"" was released in February 2007. - In 2008, Kawasaki formed jazz ensemble with Estonian pianist/keyboardist Tõnu Naissoo.[1] Also, his second duo CD with Yoshio 'Chin' Suzuki (鈴木良雄) and first CD with ""Art of Trio"" were completed and released during 2009, while his composition ""Raisins"" was included on the Grand Theft Auto IV radio station Fusion FM in 2008. - From 2009–2011, Kawasaki further expanded his performing activities in Lebanon with Syrian bassist, Omar Harb and Lebanese drummer, Fouad Afra. The album Live in Beirut which Kawasaki recorded with Lebanese organist, Arthur Satyan and drummer, Fouad Afra was released in 2011. - Overlapping the same time period, beginning in 2007, Kawasaki gradually developed his fourth acoustic guitar solo album Spain in Tallinn, Estonia, which was finally released in 2012. - In 2014, Kawasaki discovered a younger generation of Estonian musicians who inspired him to further develop a fusion, jazz-rock sound using his own compositions. His attention on these directions had somewhat faded away after recording in the early 1980s with his group Golden Dragon. In spring 2016, Kawasaki formed a new quartet called Level 8, exclusively with Estonian musicians: Raun Juurikas (keyboards), Kaarel Liiv (electric bass) and Eno Kollom (drums). Level 8 finished recording a self-titled album focusing on Kawasaki's compositions both from the past and present utilizing a funk/fusion/jazz-rock sound. The album Level 8 was released in March 2017. - In April 2016, UK independent label Nunorthernsoul released a vinyl EP titled Selected Works 1979 to 1983 by Ryo Kawasaki. A follow-up vinyl EP titled Selected Works Part 2 - 1976 to 1980 by Ryo Kawasaki was released in April 2017. - Kawasaki died in Tallinn, Estonia in April 2020 at the age of 73.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:31:26 -Megaris - Wikipedia,"Megaris (Ancient Greek: Μεγαρίς) was a small but populous state of ancient Greece, west of Attica and north of Corinthia, whose inhabitants were adventurous seafarers, credited with deceitful propensities. The capital, Megara, was famous for white marble and fine clay. Mount Geraneia dominated the center of the region. The island of Salamis was originally under the control of Megara, before it was lost to Athens in the late 7th century BCE. - The province of Megaris or Megarida (Greek: Επαρχία Μεγαρίδας or Μεγαρίδα) was one of the provinces of the East Attica Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Aspropyrgos, Eleusis, Mandra-Eidyllia and Megara.[1] It was abolished in 2006. - - This article about a location in Ancient Attica is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:31:29 -Diazonidae - Wikipedia," - see text - Diazonidae is a family of sea squirts belonging to the order Aplousobranchia. - Genera in the family Diazonidae include:[1] - - This tunicate-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:31:33 -Cereal growth staging scales - Wikipedia,"Cereal growth staging scales attempt to objectively measure the growth of cereals. - In agronomy, the BBCH-scale for cereals describes the phenological development of cereals using the BBCH-scale. - The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of cereals are: - still green - with stages 21 - The Feekes scale is a system to identify the growth and development of cereal crops introduced by the Dutch agronomists Willem Feekes (1907-1979) in 1941.[1][2] This scale is more widely used in the United States[3] than other similar and more descriptive[4][5] scales such as the Zadoks scale or the BBCH scale. Like other scales of crop development, the Feekes scale is useful in planning management strategies that incorporate plant growth information for the use of pesticides and fertilizers to avoid damaging the crop and/or maximize crop yield. - The Zadoks scale is a cereal development scale proposed by the Dutch phytopathologist Jan Zadoks that is widely used in cereal research and agriculture. -Knowing the stages of development of a crop is critical in many management decisions that growers make. They are represented on a scale from 10 to 92. For example, in some countries, nitrogen and herbicide applications must be completed during the tillering stage. In France, the recommendation for the first nitrogen application on wheat is 6 weeks before Z30, with the second application on Z30. Wheat growth regulators are typically applied at Z30. Disease control is most critical in the stem extension and heading stage (Z31, Z32, Z35), in particular as soon as the flag leaf is out (Z37). The crop is also more sensitive to heat or frost at some stages than others (for example, during the meiosis stage the crop is very sensitive to low temperature). Knowing the growth stage of the crop when checking for problems is essential for deciding which control measures should be followed. - Examples of typical stages -",2023-08-26 17:31:37 -Brachytegma - Wikipedia," - Brachytegma is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. - - This Noctuinae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:31:40 -Rusalli - Wikipedia," - Rusalli is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.[1] - According to the 2011 census of India, Rusalli has 187 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 73.73%.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:31:43 -Moore's Fort - Wikipedia,"Moore's Fort is a twin dogtrot type blockhouse in Round Top, Texas. Built by John Henry Moore in 1828, it is the oldest building in Fayette County.[1] It was originally located where La Grange is today, as a shelter for settlers from Comanche raids.[2] Later it was moved to Round Top. A historical marker sits at the original location in La Grange. -  WikiMiniAtlas30°03′51″N 96°41′52″W / 30.06411°N 96.697812°W / 30.06411; -96.697812 - - This article about a building or structure in Texas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:31:46 -1999 Trans-Am Series - Wikipedia,"The 1999 Trans-Am Series was the 34th season of the Sports Car Club of America's Trans-Am Series. 1999 was the end of the ""American muscle revival"" era of Trans-Am, as Italian manufacturer Qvale would win the championship the following year. Ford would sweep the season. Paul Gentilozzi won the drivers' championship. -",2023-08-26 17:31:50 -1950 Villanova Wildcats football team - Wikipedia," - The 1950 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1950 college football season. The head coach was Jim Leonard, coaching his second season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.[1] - [7] - - This college football 1950s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:31:54 -Geocrinia - Wikipedia," - See text - Geocrinia is a genus of frogs in the family Myobatrachidae. These frogs are endemic to Australia. Two species are known from southeastern Australia (Victoria and Tasmania), while one is known from southeastern Western Australia.[1][2] - All the species in this genus were at some point referred to as Crinia. Further studies showed there was some considerable differences between this group of frogs and Crinia. These differences included; a slightly sturdier body, smoother skin on the ventral surface and the greatest difference, the reproductive nature, laying the eggs outside of water. - Until 2022, four other species in Western Australia were also classified in this genus, but a phylogenetic study reclassified them into the new genus Anstisia. Species of Geocrinia develop initially in the egg then hatch when sufficient rain falls for them to complete their larval development in water, while Anstisia go through the tadpole stage entirely on land in the egg capsule.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:31:58 -De Bernardi - Wikipedia,"De Bernardi or de Bernardi may refer to: -",2023-08-26 17:32:01 -Leena Kaarna - Wikipedia," - Leena Kaarna (born 26 November 1939) is a Finnish athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1964 Summer Olympics.[1] - This biographical article relating to Finnish athletics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:32:05 -Ömer Tuğrul İnançer - Wikipedia," -Ömer Tuğrul İnançer (5 May 1946, Bursa - 4 September 2022, Istanbul) was a Turkish lawyer, Sufi musician, and Shaykh of the Jerrahi Order.[1] He retired from his duty as the founding general manager of the Istanbul Historical Turkish Music Ensemble affiliated with the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism.[2] - İnançer's father was a forest manager at the Forest Department. He was born in 1946 in Bursa, where his father worked. He completed his primary and secondary education in Bursa. He was directed to Western music lessons at Bursa Teachers' Association by a music teacher in secondary school. He continued these courses for three years. Later, he took private lessons from master muezzins of Bursa's mosques. He then enrolled in the Bursa Musical Society.[3] - İnançer completed his higher education at Istanbul University Faculty of Law. When he came to Istanbul, he entered the Üsküdar Music Society and became a student of Emin Ongan. Here he turned to Sufi music. After graduation, he worked as a legal consultant until 1991. He was appointed the general director of the Istanbul Historical Turkish Music Ensemble affiliated with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in 1991, and a member of the Society for the Protection and Propagation of Turkish Sufi Music.[4] - He took part in the musical team at the Shab-i Arus Mevlevi ceremonies held in Konya every December since 1971. Due to his high level of musical knowledge, he took part as the chief.[5] - From 1999 to 2022, he served as the Shaykh of the Jerrahi tariqa based in the Istanbul Jerrahi Center at Karagümrük, Fatih. - Ömer Tuğrul İnançer died on 4 September, 2022 at his home in Üsküdar, Istanbul.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:32:08 -Society of Costa Rica Collectors - Wikipedia,"The Society of Costa Rica Collectors (SOCORICO) (founded 1963) is an international philatelic society dedicated to the study of the postage stamps and postal history of Costa Rica. SOCORICO is affiliate No. 96 of the American Philatelic Society.[1] The society journal, The Oxcart, has been published since 1960 and succeeded the Costa Rican Philatelist which had been published since the 1950s.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:32:12 -1858 Connecticut gubernatorial election - Wikipedia," - Alexander H. Holley -Republican - William Alfred Buckingham -Republican - The 1858 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 5, 1858.[1][2] Former Norwich mayor and Republican nominee William Alfred Buckingham defeated former congressman and Democratic nominee James T. Pratt with 51.97% of the vote. - Major party candidates - This Connecticut elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:32:17 -Navigation Homes Stadium - Wikipedia," - Navigation Homes Stadium is a stadium in Pukekohe, New Zealand. Its usual tenants are the Counties Manukau Rugby Union, whose first-class team compete in the National Provincial Championship. - In July 2009, Counties Manukau announced that Bayer New Zealand Ltd would be their main sponsor, and that Growers Stadium would be known as Bayer Growers Stadium for sponsorship reasons.[1] - Later the main sponsor of the team and stadium became ECOlight, an energy efficient lighting company based in New Zealand,[2] and the stadium became known as ECOlight Stadium. - In 2018, the stadium sponsor changed to Navigation Homes, and the stadium was renamed Navigation Homes Stadium.[3] - This rugby union article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a sports venue in New Zealand is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:32:21 -2018 Pingshan Open – Men's singles - Wikipedia,"Yūichi Sugita was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title. - Ilya Ivashka won the title after defeating Zhang Ze 6–4, 6–2 in the final. -",2023-08-26 17:32:25 -Dragana Radakovic - Wikipedia," - Dragana Radakovic (also: Radaković, Cyrillic: Радаковић) is an operatic soprano, conductor and academic. With a flexible voice, she is able to sing bel canto as well as dramatic soprano roles. She has appeared at major opera houses in title and leading roles, including Bellini's Norma, Verdi's Aida, and Puccini's Turandot. - Radakovic was born in Novi Sad, at the time in Yugoslavia.[1][2] At age nine, she was a winner in a television music-talent show on TV Novi Sad. She studied at the Faculty of Music of the University of Arts in Belgrade, where she obtained two master's degrees, in conducting with Stanko Šepić and in vocal arts with Radmila Bakočević.[3] She took master classes in Italy with Mirella Freni, Renata Scotto, Magda Olivero and Bruna Baglioni [it], and was further coached by Nikola Mitić [de].[4][5] - Radakovic began performing in concerts during her studies. She made her opera stage debut, also during her student years, at the National Theatre in Belgrade, appearing in the roles of Cherubino in Mozart's Le Nozze de Figaro, First Lady in Die Zauberflöte, Tebaldo in Verdi's Don Carlo, Mary Warren in Ward's The Crucible and Musetta in Puccini's La bohème. She became a member of the ensemble in 2002.[6] - Radakovic's first role as a member of the National Theatre was Abigaille in Verdi's Nabucco.[6] Praised in reviews, her Abigaille interpretation has been in significant and steady demand ever since – during 2019 alone she had 29 Nabucco performances.[7] - Soon after her debut, she received invitations to perform as a guest artist at other opera houses, and expanded her repertoire singing Rosalinde in Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss II in 2004 and Odabella in Verdi's Attila in 2005 at the Serbian National Theatre, and Marguerite in Gounod's Faust in 2006 at the Maribor Slovene National Theatre. In the following year she added the roles of Leonora in Verdi's Il Trovatore, Sylvia in Kálmán's Die Csárdásfürstin and the soprano soloist in Beethoven's 9th Symphony. - She started performing at opera houses throughout Europe in 2008. She was a soprano soloist at the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia in a Puccini concert conducted by Placido Domingo. In 2009 she appeared as Leonora in Verdi's La forza del destino and as Aida. In 2011, she sang the title role of Puccini's Tosca at the Romanian National Opera, Cluj-Napoca and the title role of Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur at the Opera Timișoara. - Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni was her new role for 2012, in a production that went on European tour, with performances in Timisoara, Munich, Dortmund, Wolfsburg, Saarbrücken, and Frankfurt. In the same year, as a soprano soloist, she sang at several opera festivals and concerts in Timisoara, Sibiu, Constanța, Hunedoara, Tilburg, Brugge, Breda, and The Hague.[8] - In 2013, she appeared as Bellini's Norma at the Croatian National Theatre in Osijek and as Desdemona in Verdi's Otello in Craiova.[9][10][11] During that year she performed her roles at opera halls in Europe, at Opera Timișoara as Leonora in Il Trovatore, at the Summer Festival in Schwerin as Abigaille in Nabucco, in the Giuseppe Verdi 200th anniversary concert with the Zurich Kammerphilharmonie and debuted as a soprano soloist in Mozart's Requiem at the Athenaeum. - In 2014 she was invited to Egypt to perform Aida at the location where it was premiered in 1871, the Cairo Opera House.[12] That year she also sang Verdi's Requiem in Cluj and Puccini's Turandot at Opera Timișoara for the first time. Turandot was to become her new signature role. - During the following year she appeared for the first time as Desdemona in Otello at the Festival Maria Bieshu in Moldova, followed by performing as Tosca for the first time at the Hungarian Opera.[13][14] - During 2016 she performed the title role in a premiere of Puccini's Turandot in Sydney, Australia.[15] The Handa Opera's spectacular new production of Turandot was staged by Opera Australia on Sydney Harbour with a budget of $12 million.[16] Turandot was conducted by Brian Castles-Onion, directed and choreographed by Chen Shi-Zheng, set and costumes designed by Dan Potra, with Riccardo Massi as Calàf and Hyeseoung Kwon as Liù. After fourteen Turandot performances in Sydney, she went to Macao to perform the same role in another premiere of a new Turandot production, conducted by Lu Jia, directed by Giancarlo del Monaco, stage and costumes designed by William Orlandi, with Rudy Park and Jorge de León as Calaf and Lana Kos as Liu.[17] In the autumn of 2016 she appeared for the first time in mainland China, in her new role of Santuzza in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana directed by Giancarlo del Monaco at the Beijing Performing Arts Centre.[18] She finished the year back in Sydney as a soprano soloist at the New Year's Eve Gala concert held in the Sydney Opera House.[19] - After performing in several opera houses in Europe as Norma, Tosca, Santuzza, Aida, and Leonora (Il Trovatore), Radakovic returned to Australia in 2017 for premiere performances in the role of Santuzza in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana with Opera Australia at the Sydney Opera House and Arts Centre Melbourne, in a new production conducted by Andrea Licata, directed by Damiano Michieletto, Andy Morto and Rodula Gaitanou, with Diego Torre as Turiddu and Sian Pendry as Lola.[20][21] At the end of 2017 she sang excerpts from her new title role, Catalani's La Wally, in a concert at the Sava Centar hall in Belgrade. - In 2018 she returned to Egypt in the title role of Verdi's Aida, in a grand spectacle, the 150th anniversary.[22] The open-air production was staged under the stars at the historic complex of the Pyramids at Giza, with massive props and 300 extras on stage. Aida was conducted by David Crescenzi, with the Cairo Symphony Orchestra and Dario di Vietri as Radames. During the same year she sang at several concerts as a soprano soloist: ""Verdi's and Pucinni's arias"" in Opera Nice, Gala anniversary Corneliu Murgu at Opera Timișoara, 60th anniversary RTS at Tašmajdan Stadium in Belgrade, and in Sibiu for the first time in Verdi's Requiem as the soprano soloist. The same year she also performed for the first time at the Bolshoi Theater Belarus in the title role of Tosca, with Akhmed Agadi as Cavaradossi, conducted by Gianluca Marciano.[23] Her new opera role in 2018 was Elisabetta di Valois in Verdi's Don Carlo at Sala Mare, in the production conducted by Tiberiu Soare, directed by Mario De Carlo, with Adrian Dumitry as Don Carlo.[24] - Radakovic returned for the 2019 season to the Sydney Opera House with Opera Australia in the title role in Puccini's Turandot, in the production conducted by Tahu Matheson, directed and choreographed by Graeme Murphy, Matthew Barclay and Kim Walker, with tenors Yongoon Lee and Andeka Gorrotxategi in the role of Calaf, and Mariana Hong as Liù.[25] After the Sydney appearances, Radakovic was invited to Taiwan to perform as Turandot in the opening performance of the new landmark building, the largest performing arts centre in the world, built in Kaohsiung.[26] Puccini's Turandot was staged in the opera hall with more than 2,200 seats, in co-operation with the Deutsche Oper am Rhein, conducted by Chien Wen-pin, directed by Huan-Hsiung Li and Jeremy Chang, with Zoran Todorovich as Calaf and Anke Krabbe as Liù.[27] During 2019 she performed with several opera companies in Europe in Norma, Turandot, and in a new production of Verdi's Nabucco in Braunschweig conducted by Srba Dinić, directed by Klaus Christian Schreiber and Sarah Grahneis.[28] She also returned to France and Egypt that year, as a soloist in the ""Art for Life"" gala charity concert ""Lyrique"" at Opéra de Nice, and in the under-the-stars gala concert ""Essence of Aida"" at the Temple of Isis at Philae in Aswan.[29] - 2020 was largely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to worldwide cancellation of all further performances, Radakovic performed in a new production of Turandot, in the title role at the Bucharest Opera.[30] - Radakovic has been Associate Professor of Conducting at the University of Arts in Belgrade since 2009 and also head of the university's Opera Studio.[31] -",2023-08-26 17:32:28 -Nandi Award for Best Villain - Wikipedia," - -The Nandi Award for Best Villain winners since 1985:[1] -",2023-08-26 17:32:32 -Whitchurch Canonicorum Hundred - Wikipedia," - WikiMiniAtlas50°45′07″N 2°51′50″W / 50.752°N 2.864°W / 50.752; -2.864 -Whitchurch Canonicorum Hundred or Whitechurch Canonicorum Hundred was a hundred in the county of Dorset, England, containing the following parishes: - - This Dorset location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:32:36 -Too Many Winners - Wikipedia,"Too Many Winners is a 1947 American mystery crime film directed by William Beaudine and starring Hugh Beaumont, Trudy Marshall and Ralph Dunn.[1] Made and released by Producers Releasing Corporation , it was one of a number of films featuring the private detective Michael Shayne. - Private detective Michael Shayne and his girlfriend/secretary Phyllis are in the office ready to leave on a duck-hunting vacation but are puzzled when a mysterious stranger arrives who announces that he intended to offer a bribe to not take a certain unspecified case, but hearing that Shane is going away anyway, abruptly departs. The mystery deepens when Shayne is invited over by a Mayme Martin with an offer to sell certain valuable information which Shayne declines. Leaving Martin's, Shayne is ambushed by a pair of odd thugs under orders of their boss seeking to know what Martin told him, which was nothing; they beat up and leave Shayne in the city dump. - Now drawn in to an obvious situation, Shayne sends his reporter friend Tim Rourke to accept Martin's information offer, but instead Rourke encounters police and her murdered body. - It turns out that the mystery concerns criminal activity at the Santa Rosita racetrack. The president Albert Payson's track manager John Hardeman hires Shayne to solve a counterfeit ticket racket that is bankrupting the track. The printer for the legitimate tickets is a trusted company owned by Payson, and Hardeman alone decides on the tickets' secret daily design and code numbers. - The track offers one other lead. Gil Madden, owner of the Tribune, had long been trying to get the contract for printing the tickets. He had financed the purchase of the Tribune using as collateral a printing company he'd acquired from a prison inmate, a Theodore Ross. - Shayne recognizes Madden as the stranger who offered the bribe to drop the case and he won't answer questions. Madden's partner, photographer/engraver Ben Edwards, also refuses to be questioned. - As it turns out, Gil Madden is aka Theodore Ross and Ben Edwards is aka Claude Bates. Years ago they were convicted of together counterfeiting Irish sweepstakes tickets and sent to Joliet Penitentiary. Madden served a light sentence and was released but Edwards drew 20 to 50 and after two years, broke out. Edwards has acquired a wife and son who know nothing about his past. - Despite the efforts of Edwards to remake his life, inventing a new type of camera, sadly Hardeman figured out his identity and began blackmailing the escaped convict to force him to make the counterfeit racing tickets. - We are now at the point of the film where Hardeman fears Edwards will talk and directs his thugs to kill him, as he had ordered the death of Martin who knew about the blackmail. But just as he speaks this order into the phone, Edwards shows up to instead shoot and kill Hardeman; in turn as he is leaving, Edwards is shot and killed by Hardeman's thugs. - At the end, one thug reveals the other, Joe, as the killer of Martin and Edwards; Joe attacks and is shot by the other as police arrive and capture him. In the final scene, the police agree at Shane's request to spare Edwards' family from the truth, and Shane and Phyllis at last embark on their vacation. -",2023-08-26 17:32:40 -Cyprus at the Mediterranean Games - Wikipedia,"Cyprus first appeared in the quadrennial Mediterranean Games in 1983, and has regularly continued to send athletes to the multi-sport event ever since. -",2023-08-26 17:32:43 -Underground (1970 film) - Wikipedia,"Underground is a 1970 American drama film directed by Arthur H. Nadel, written by Ron A. Bishop and Andy Lewis, and starring Robert Goulet, Danielle Gaubert, Lawrence Dobkin, Carl Duering, Joachim Hansen and Roger Delgado. It was released on October 7, 1970, by United Artists.[1][2][3] - Many of the scenes set in England were actually filmed in the Republic of Ireland, in the town of Enniscorthy.[4] Buildings seen in the film included St Aidan's Cathedral, Enniscorthy railway station, Lett's Brewery, Abbey Square and the rowing club boathouse.[5][6] - During World War II, an American intelligence agent in England, ashamed for having yielded information to the Germans during a previous capture, attempts to redeem himself by contriving his way into a French resistance group, with his ultimate plan being to kidnap a valuable German general and obtain his secrets. - - This 1970s drama film–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:32:46 -Vladimir Yonkov - Wikipedia,"Vladimir Tsankov Yonkov (Bulgarian: Владимир Цанков Йонков) (born 19 July 1973 in Pleven) is a Bulgarian retired football defensive midfielder. -",2023-08-26 17:32:50 -Grand Prix Sunbeams 1922 - Wikipedia," - Sunbeam Works Racing cars participated in the 1922 XVI Grand Prix de l'A.C.F. in Strasbourg. The race took place on 15 July 1922 and was run to a formula stipulating that maximum engine capacity should not exceed 2 litres and that the cars should be two-seaters weighing not less than 650 kg. The formula was to remain in force for four years producing ""fields of brilliance to be unequalled for many years"" it was the first rolling massed start in the history of Grand Prix motor-racing.[1][2] - Three[3] Ernest Henry-designed team cars were constructed for the event preceded by a similar prototype which served as a test, practice and spare car. When H.O.D. Segrave's assigned team car's engine was ruined by fire during practice he adopted the prototype instead as his race car.[4][5][6][7] During the race the engines in all three Sunbeam cars failed and none finished.[8] - After the Grand Prix one of the Sunbeam cars was entered in a Brooklands race, which it won.[9] All four cars were subsequently sold to privateers and entered in various events with varied levels of success. Rarely for a complete British Works team of the Vintage era, all four cars survive. However, only one - chassis No 2 - can be considered original, while the other three embody genuine and original components and possess continuous histories [10] - The course near the French city of Strasbourg was roughly a triangular of unpaved public roads with three near straights and three sharp corners. The start line where elaborate viewing tribunes and fronting ‘pits’ were built was at Duppigheim, first corner was at Entzheim, second at Innenheim, and final corner at Duttlenheim. It was 8.31 miles (13.37 km) long, requiring 60 laps to complete the 498.89 miles (802.89 km).[11] - In practice it became clear that the Fiat team had superior speed; Sunbeam axle ratio were lowered to improve speed.[8] In the race, the Sunbeams could not match the performance of the Fiats, safe engine revolutions were exceeded and the inlet valves fractured; the Sunbeams were ‘put out of running’. Jean Chassagne in car No.9, the team leader and winner of that year's IoM T.T. with a modified 1921 Grand Prix Sunbeam retired after only five laps as did K. Lee Guinness in car No.16.[8] - Segrave, in car No.21, the junior team member, in his second ever Grand Prix lasted ‘approximately half the full distance’.[12] He was later to remember this event as ‘sheer misery’ (not least due to chemical fuel burns on his backside sustained by fuel spillage, the result of a hurried and untidy refuelling);[13] he did hold a fourth place behind the Fiats for most of his race. - On 30 September 1922 the Essex M.C. put over a series of Speed Championships. The 2-litre 8.5mile event was won in one of the Grand Prix Sunbeams by H.O.D. Segrave at 92.81 mph, fastest lap 99.81 mph.[14] This was the only success these cars obtained for Sunbeam. - The failure of the cars did irreparable damage to their designer Ernest Henry's previously shining reputation and career.[8] Despite the mechanical weakness of its rear axle,[8] the performance of the Fiat 804 convinced Louis Coatalen, Sunbeam's general manager, to use the design as inspiration for his winning series of Grand Prix cars between 1923 -1925.[15] - The 1922 Sunbeam engines which failed during the race were repaired, the advanced servo operated brake systems were removed and installed in the 1923 Grand Prix Sunbeams.[16] The gear lever was repositioned to the centre of the cockpit. A few years later after a ‘cooling period’ the cars were sold into private hands. All four 1922 team cars - including the prototype - survive today; a rare survival of a complete Grand Prix team of the vintage era. However, only one is original (Sunbeam No 2); the other three are genuine, authentic and resurrected (Sunbeam No 1, No 3 and No 4 respectively).[10] - Designed by Ernest Henry in Suresnes, with input from Louis Coatalen and the Sunbeam Experimental Department Wolverhampton. Jean Chassagne was liaising and also in charge of testing.[17] - Before the Great War Ernest Henry was a part of the successful and innovative ‘Charlatans’ who designed the first ever double overhead cams four valve Grand Prix engines for the 1912 Peugeot;[18] the 1922 Sunbeam design follows similar principles.[19] The aluminum body was the latest in streamlining and is typical of the Post Great War Henry design with the spare wheel carried longitudinally in the tail[17] and braced by the large fuel tank. - The contemporary Wolverhampton Motor Car Registry records the prototype car being road-registered before three intended race cars followed as a batch. Each of the latter trio was finalised around its intended driver's requirements and preferences.[20] The asymmetrically inclined valves (inlet 20 degrees and outlet 40 degrees from vertical) were a significant departure for Henry and may be attributable to Sunbeam and Coatalen whose interest in desaxé configuration dated to 1911.[21] Another unusual detail was the engine mounted directly on the chassis frame similarly to the 1921 'invincible Talbot-Darracq'.[17] - Following prototype testing at Brooklands and on the Isle of Man prior to the Grand Prix,[8] modifications were instigated to the tail support bracket.[22] Different carburetor configurations and different tyre types were tried,[17] axle ratios experimented with,[23] aero screens and mudguards were installed or removed as required.[24] - Body in British Racing Green, black wheels and black leather trim (fluted for team cars, flat panel prototype car). - The Sunbeam Works records showing chassis and engine numbers, against a team driver did not survive; however, some records of chassis numbers raced at Brooklands did survive.[40][41] Research of the history of individual cars derived from analysis of photographs and related period documents was carried out and published by historian William (Bill) Boddy, team car owner Neville Webb and Sunbeam specialist historian Bruce Dowell with varying conclusions. Works history is incomplete and therefore in some instances deduced. The post Works history and race record of the cars is generally agreed upon. - A prototype test car was constructed, tested and modified[22] after which three team cars were assembled at the Sunbeam Wolverhapmpton Experimental Department.[23] For the purpose of the Grand Prix the three Works team cars were designated Sunbeam I, II and III for Jean Chassagne (riding mechanic Robert Laly), Major H.O.D. Segrave (riding mechanic Jules Moriceau), K. Lee Guinness (riding mechanic Bill Perkins) respectively.[42] The prototype test car became the Strasbourg team spare and was driven in practice by all three team members;[7][43] ""Guinness, Chassagne and myself [Segrave] put any amount of time on the course"".[44] - This was the prototype test car completed early in 1922 and on which the team gained experience subsequently built into the subsequent batch of three assigned 'team cars' intended to compete at Strasbourg. - This Chassis was previously thought to have been team car No.4 from the serial stamped prominently on cockpit and bulkhead plaques but not into the frame itself. In the 1970s an original number stamp was found on the front dumbirons, matching stamps on the other three frames. This read No.1.22 in matching original Sunbeam type face and 21st century forensic metallurgical examination of this stamping found no evidence of any alternative stamping in that position. Engine is stamped No.4 over-stamped 1. Identity plates attached to the firewall and cockpit stamped ‘Engine No.1’ and ‘Chassis No. 1’ were applied in the 1970s, after the car's original identity had been uncovered. - Registration number DA6436. - The first car to be built;[23] unpainted it was tested by J Chassagne the liaison officer for the project[45] at Brooklands;[45] this resulted in variety of modifications notably re-configuring of the support bracket for the tail.[45] It was shipped to the Isle of Man registered DA6436 and was tested again during practice for the 1922 Tourist Trophy and was found comparable to the 1922 3-litre Tourist Trophy Grand Prix Sunbeams.[46] Later that year in Strasbourg, it was used by all three Team drivers for practice. When H.O.D. Segrave's assigned Team car was damaged by engine fire during practice, this spare car was race-prepared and driven by him in the Grand Prix.[7][47] Post-works, it was found fire damaged;[7][48] works and modifications to engine and body ensued[49] and private entries in speed events were made before the war.[50] In 1941 the engine was removed and Riley engine and ENV gearbox used,[51] a year later the body was replaced with a new full width two-seater body. Post war it passed through several hands and in the early 1970s it was rebuilt and rebodied with a 1922 Strasbourg style body[52] as an authentic example.[10] (See footnote below.) - Nicknamed by some ‘The Time Warp Car’. Chassis stamped no.2.22. Engine brass plate stamped no.2. Registration DA6468. - 1922 Strasbourg Grand Prix race no.21 for Major H.O.D. Segrave (riding mechanic Jules Moriceau).[42] damaged in practice fire and set aside, Segrave using spare prototype test car instead on race day. Segrave may have then used this car for the 1922 Brooklands Essex M.C. Speed Championships, which he won[7][40][53] – the only Works success of any Strasbourg car. Subsequent pre-war history is largely unknown - photographed in the 1920s with Fred Caswell at the Works and may have been subsequently owned by him. Postwar it was owned by predominantly three long term owners and participated in occasional V.S.C.C. events; it thus remains exceptionally original and complete[7] retaining all its components including body, leather seats and of course all running gear. (See footnote below.) - John Grosscurth of Maidenhead. - Chassis stamped no.1. Engine stamped no.1. Registration – not registered.[55] - 1922 Strasbourg Grand Prix race no.9 for Jean Chassagne (riding mechanic Robert Laly)[42] was shipped in 1925 to Sydney Australia for the racing driver Hope Bartlett;[56] it successfully competed in his and subsequent hands and continued to be developed; body was gradually altered and then removed by 1948;[57] engine was replaced in 1940 with an Oldsmobile engine; other engine, axle and various components were fitted as needed.[57] In 1964 recovery of original 1922 components and resurrection of the car commenced.[58] (See footnote below.) - Chassis stamped No. 3 (NS) also stamped 4.22 to both dumbirons; both stamps in Sunbeam Works typeface. -Engine stamped No.3 with a further No.4 both in Sunbeam Works typeface. -A period dashboard plate stamped chassis and engine No.3 visible in 1930s photographs. Oliver Heal and Bruce Dowell,[7] as well as Neville Webb in his book on the Strasbourg Sunbeams identified this car as chassis no.3. -Registration – not currently registered - 1922 Strasbourg Grand Prix race no.16 for K. Lee Guinness and riding mechanic Bill Perkins.[42] It may have been H.O.D. Segrave car for the 1922 Brooklands Essex M.C. Speed Championships.[9][59] It was sold by the Works and in private hands continued to race at Brooklands 1926 and 1930;[60] subsequently used for touring; tail modified in 1936.[61] In a few hands postwar before it was added in 1986 to the Evert Louwman National Dutch Motor Museum, Netherland and from there in 1994 to the Toyota Motor Museum, Japan where it remains a genuine example of the 1922 Strasbourg Sunbeams. (See footnote below.) - Eighteen European cars positions set by ballot as follows: - Three Fiat 804 (Italy): 6 cylinder of 65mm x 100mm (1,991c.c.), twin o.h.c., Fiat carburettor; Scintilla magneto; giving 96 b.h.p. at 5,500 r.p.m. Wheelbase: 8’ 2.5"". Track: 3’11"". Unladen weight 1,489 lbs. Maximum speed: 105–110 m.p.h. - Four Bugatti Type 30 (France): standard modified chassis with 8 cylinder o.h.c. engine, bore and stroke: 60mm x 88mm (1,990c.c.), 3 valves per cylinder, 2 Zenith carburetors; Bosch magneto. Unladen weight: 1,624 lbs. Wheelbase: 8’4.5"". Track: 3’11.25"". Maximum -speed 98m.p.h. Two-seater barrel body. - Three Ballot 2LS (France): 4 cylinder, bore and stroke: 69.9mm x 130mm (1,986c.c.); twin o.h.c., 4 valves per cylinder, Zenith carburetor, Scintilla Magnetos; giving 90b.h.p. at 5,000rpm. -Wheelbase: 9’2"". Track: 4’3"". Unladen weight 1,848 lbs. Maximum speed 100–105 m.p.h. -Streamlined barrel-bodied. - Three Rolland Pilain A22 (France): 8 cylinder, bore and stroke: 59.2mm x 90mm (1,968c.c.); twin o.h.c., Zenith carburetor; Scintilla magneto, Wheelbase 8’2"". Track: front 3’11"", rear 3’7"". Dry weight: 1,624 lb. Maximum speed 100 mph. Hydraulic font brakes; positively closed valve system. Left hand drive. - Two Aston Martin G.P. (Britain): 4 cylinder, bore and stroke: 65mm x 112mm (1,486c.c.); twin o.h.c., 4 valves per cylinder; giving 54b.h.p. at 4,500r.p.m. Claudel Hobson carburetor; Bosch magneto. Wheelbase: 8’0"". Track: 4’3"". Unladen weight: 1,456 lbs. Maximum speed 95m.p.h. - Fastest lap: Pietro Bordino Fiat 804 5:43 - [31] -",2023-08-26 17:32:54 -2020 Pocono Organics 325 - Wikipedia,"The 2020 Pocono Organics 325 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on June 27, 2020 at Pocono Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania. Contested over 130 laps on the 2.5-mile (4.0 km) triangular racecourse, it was the 14th race of the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series season. - Aric Almirola was awarded the pole for the race as determined by a random draw. - Stage One -Laps: 25 - Stage Two -Laps: 52 - Stage Three -Laps: 53 - Fox Sports televised the race in the United States on Fox. Mike Joy and six-time Pocono winner Jeff Gordon will cover the race from the Fox Sports studio in Charlotte. Matt Yocum handled the pit road duties. Larry McReynolds provided insight from the Fox Sports studio in Charlotte. - MRN had the radio call for the race which was also simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. Alex Hayden, Jeff Striegle called the race in the booth when the field raced through the tri-oval. Dave Moody called the race from the Sunoco spotters stand outside turn 2 when the field raced through turns 1 and 2. Mike Bagley called the race from a platform inside the backstretch when the field raced down the backstretch. Kyle Rickey called the race from the Sunoco spotters stand outside turn 4 when the field raced through turns 3 and 4. Steve Post and Kim Coon worked pit road for the radio side. - - -",2023-08-26 17:32:58 -Peter Talleri - Wikipedia,"Major General Peter John Talleri[1][2] retired in September, 2013, after serving 34 years in the United States Marine Corps.[3] At retirement, Maj. Gen. Talleri was the U. S. Marine Corps senior logistics professional in the Pacific.[4][5][6][7] In 2013, he was also a recipient of the National Safety Council's “CEOs Who Get It” award.[8] - Talleri was born in Butler, Pennsylvania in 1957. He is the oldest of four children to native Pennsylvania parents. - Talleri entered the United States Marine Corps in 1979 as a Second Lieutenant. During his military career, Major General Talleri commanded and led logistics units from the platoon to national level; across the full range of combat and joint operational capabilities.[9] He also held critical staff positions at the U. S. Central Command (CENTCOM) and the United States Marine Forces Central Command. While at CENTCOM, he was responsible for the information technology logistical planning efforts during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. This included providing operational plans to ensure that total asset visibility was accomplished during the war. Operation Iraqi Freedom was the first time ""Active RFID"" was used on a strategic scale.[10][11][12] - Talleri is currently President at Peter J. Talleri & Associates, and a strategic advisor with Stellar Solutions, HDT Global, and BlackBerry.[1][13][14] He is also on the board of directors at the Clarion University Foundation, Airborne Motorworks and DiviUp.[2] - Talleri is a 1975 graduate of Butler Area Senior High School.[15] He received his bachelor's degree in business management from Clarion State College in Clarion, PA in 1979 and is currently a member of the Clarion University Foundation Board.[1][16][17] Talleri earned his first master's degree in business management from Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Florida in 1994.[18] He earned another master's degree in national resource strategy from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces in Washington D.C. in 2001.[19] - Maj. Gen. Talleri has earned the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal (two awards), the Legion of Merit (two awards), the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal (three awards), the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal (three awards), the Joint Service Achievement Medal, the Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, the Iraq Campaign Medal, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, the Humanitarian Service Medal, the Afghanistan Campaign Medal, the National Defense Service Medal with bronze star, the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal with bronze star, the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal, the Joint Meritorious Unit Award, the Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation, the Navy Unit Commendation, the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon, the Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon, the Korean Defense Service Medal, and the Marine Corps Recruiting Service Ribbon. In 2008, the Clarion University Alumni Association presented him with the Distinguished Achievement Award.[20] -",2023-08-26 17:33:02 -Wassef Hinein - Wikipedia,"Wassef Hinein was the only Coptic Christian member of the Egyptian Free Officers group which took power in a military coup against the Egyptian monarchy in 1952.[1] In the period leading up to the coup, Copts were heavily involved in Egypt's nationalist movement, but were underrepresented in the officer corps of the Egyptian military at the time, due to Christians' traditional dhimmi status in Egypt, which meant they could never aspire to high rank. It is for this reason that, other than Hinein, who was recruited very late in the movement, the Free Officers were entirely Muslim.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:33:05 -Mattias Kumm - Wikipedia,"Mattias Kumm (born August 15, 1967) is Inge Rennert Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, as well as holding a Research Professorship on ""Globalization and the Rule of Law"" at the Social Science Research Center (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, WZB) and Humboldt University in Berlin. - He was born in Bremen, Germany and has taught and lectured at leading universities worldwide and was a visiting professor and John Harvey Gregory Lecturer on world organization at Harvard Law School. Kumm holds a JSD from Harvard Law School and has pursued studies in law, philosophy and political sciences at the University of Kiel, Paris I Pantheon Sorbonne and Harvard University. Kumm is on the editorial board of several journals. - Kumm's research and teaching focuses on basic issues in global, European and comparative public law. His work emphasizes the analytical and normative connection between law, claims to legitimate authority and public reason and the institutional conditions under which such claims can be made plausible. He argues for the need to reconceive the liberal-democratic constitutional tradition in cosmopolitan and pluralist terms. Among his intellectual influences are Hans Kelsen, Robert Alexy, and Ronald Dworkin. - Kumm lives and works in New York City and Berlin. -",2023-08-26 17:33:08 -Vuk Đurić - Wikipedia," - Vuk Đurić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Ђурић; born 30 September 1988) is a Serbian-born Montenegrin football midfielder. - He had played with Serbian club FK Sloboda Užice, Montenegrin First League club FK Zeta and back in Serbia with FK Srem.[1] - He was part of the Montenegrin U-21 team.[2] - This biographical article relating to Montenegrin association football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article related to a Serbian association football midfielder is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:12 -Clara Brown (steamboat) - Wikipedia,"Clara Brown was a sternwheel steamboat of the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet which operated from the late 1880s to the early 1900s, and possibly as late as 1930. - Clara Brown was built in 1886 by Hiram Doncaster, for Capt. Thomas Brown, the owner of the Brown Wharf and Navigation Company. The vessel was named for Captain Brown's daughter. The vessel was placed in service on the Henderson Bay route in south Puget Sound and surrounding areas, serving communities such as Olympia, Kalmiche, Shelton, Steilacoom, Tacoma, and Seattle. The vessel became famous as the first one to reach Seattle with relief supplies after the great Seattle file in June 1889. - - This article about a specific civilian ship or boat is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:16 -Charles DeLisi - Wikipedia,"Charles Peter DeLisi (born December 9, 1941) is an American biomedical scientist and the Metcalf Professor of Science and Engineering at Boston University. He is noted for major contributions to the initiation of the Human Genome Project,[10][11] for transformative academic leadership,[12] and for research contributions to mathematical and computational immunology,[13] cell biophysics,[14] genomics[6][5] and protein[15] and nucleic acid[16][17] structure and function. Recent activities include mathematical finance[18] and climate change.[19] - DeLisi was born in the Bronx, graduated from City College of New York (CCNY) with a Bachelor of Arts degree in history (1963), and received his Ph.D. in physics (1965 -1969) from New York University (NYU).[20] - In 1969, he joined Donald Crothers’ laboratory as a National Institutes of Health (NIH) postdoctoral research fellow in the department of chemistry at Yale University. In 1972, he was appointed a theoretical division staff scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where he collaborated with George Bell, a theoretical physicist who a few years earlier had begun pioneering research in mathematical immunology. DeLisi was subsequently appointed senior scientist (1975–1982) at the National Cancer Institute, NIH, and founding head of the Section on Theoretical Immunology (1982–1985), where he and his collaborators established one of the earliest protein and DNA sequence databases fully integrated with machine learning programs for functional inference[6] and developed a number of analytical methods that proved useful in cell biology.[13][21][15] - In 1986, as director of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Health and Environmental Research Programs, DeLisi and his advisors proposed the Human Genome Project to the White House Office of Management and Budget and the Congress. The proposal created much controversy but received strong endorsement from Alvin Trivelpiece, who was chief of DOE's Office of Science, and William Flynn Martin, the Deputy Secretary of Energy. It was included in President Ronald Reagan's fiscal year 1987 budget submission to the Congress and was approved subsequently by both the House of Representatives and the Senate, the latter with the essential endorsement of Senator Pete Domenici (R, NM). -During the spring of 1987, shortly before leaving the DOE, DeLisi established an ethical studies component of the Project.[22] The goal was to reserve 3-5% of the funding for scholars of the humanities and social sciences to develop a system of ethics that would inform decisions about the development and deployment of the radically new technologies destined to emerge from the completion of the Project. - In addition to the medical and scientific advances engendered by the Human Genome Project, it and its progeny have had a profound effect on research of cell biology. Computer scientists, in particular, transformed the topic and created a record of discovery destined to provide much material for studying the sociology of late 20th and early 21st century science. Computational and mathematical methods are now considered as important to progress in cell biology, a change that is forcing even the most conservative universities to develop new methods of biological education.[23] The Human Genome Project enabled a rapid transformation of DOE's health, environmental and energy programs, increasing considerably the importance of the Office of Health and Environmental Research. - Commemorating the significance of the Human Genome Project, the DOE installed a bronze plaque outside room F-202 at its Germantown, Maryland facility. The plaque is imprinted:[11] - From this room the Human Genome Project evolved from a mere concept to a revolutionary research program through the vision and determination of Dr. Charles DeLisi, Associate Director of Energy Research for Health and Environmental Research, 1985 to 1987. In 1987, DeLisi returned to New York as a professor and department chairperson at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.[24] - In 1990 DeLisi joined Boston University (BU) as dean of the College of Engineering.[25] Under his watch the College grew into a leading research institution, adding among other things Centers for Biotechnology, Photonics and Manufacturing Engineering.[26] In addition, the Biomedical Engineering (BME) department added a new dimension to the field, namely molecular and cellular engineering, and was the home of the seminal research in synthetic biology.[27] - In 1999 DeLisi initiated the nation's first Ph.D. program in bioinformatics and served as chairperson for more than a decade.[28] - In 2000, after 10 years as dean, DeLisi resumed a full-time faculty position as dean emeritus and Metcalf Professor. The lobby of the building that houses the College of Engineering Dean's Office is named in his honor,[29] as is an annual College of Engineering award lecture.[30] - DeLisi is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE). In 1999 he was awarded the CCNY Townsend Harris Medal, in 2011 he was elected an honorary citizen of Marineo, Palermo, Italy,[31] and in 2019 he was recipient of the Informa Clinical and research excellence lifetime achievement award.[32] -",2023-08-26 17:33:20 -Lowesby - Wikipedia," - Lowesby is a small parish and township situated in the district of Harborough in Leicestershire. It is 8 miles east of the county capital, Leicester, and 90 miles north of London.[2] - -Lowesby parish is located 500 feet (150 metres) above sea level[3] in a relatively hilly region. Other than Queniborough brook there are no other sites of topographic interest in Lowesby, partially due to the intensive farming in the area.[4] Local farming may have been influenced by the geology of the area which is predominantly Lower Jurassic Mudstones and minor carbonates.[5] Lowesby Hall was first owned by Richard Wallaston from the mid 17th century and remained in his family until Anne Wallaston married into the Fowke family, in whose hands the Hall remained well into the 20th century. It is now under private ownership.[6] - The Rutland and Melton District, which includes Lowesby, is represented by Alicia Kearns (Conservative), who has held the seat since 2019. The councillor for Harborough is Michael Rook (Conservative), who was elected in May 2007.[7] The county councillor for Lowesby is Simon Galton (Liberal Democrat).[8] - The name Lowesby stems from Old Norse and is thought to mean Lausi's farm or settlement, which refers to the owner and subsequent land use.[9] The manor of Lowesby is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as containing two plough teams consisting of five men each.[10] The manor was held from Countess Judith, a niece of William the Conqueror, by a Norman named Hugh Burdet (or Bourdet/Bordet), originally from Cuilly in Normandy, who made Loseby his seat for many generations. - The Burdets founded Loseby parish church and gave its advowson to the Order of St Lazarus based at Burton Lazars which they supported for many generations until[11] relations soured in about 1290 when the Order started to appropriate part of the parish's tithes.[11] Riots broke out over the ensuing years, Loseby's vicar was excommunicated and William Burdet's actions ""polluted"" the churchyard by bloodshed in 1297.[11] Gradually calm was restored to the parish and in 1298 Sir William Burdet agreed to pay for the reconsecration of the church and reconfirmed his family's grants to the Order but relations were never the same again.[11] - In 1831 agriculture was by far the most prominent industry, with 64% of the male population of the age of 20 employed in this sector.[12] However, fifty years later, this number had dropped to 40%, and while agriculture was still the most common employment, the remainder of the population was working in other occupations, including as coachmen, gardeners for the manor, or as machinists.[13] - The parish's main land use in 2001 is still farming but just 9% of the population now work in agriculture and the manor no longer provides employment.[14] - Lowesby railway station has been closed since 7 December 1953, and is now part of a farm. It was the first station to open on the Great Northern Railway route to Leicester on 15 May 1882.[15] - The tertiary sector, otherwise described as the service sector, is the dominant area of employment in Lowesby with 62% (50 people) of the population working in this area. There has also been a movement into scientific and technical industries, which employs 10% of those working in tertiary industry in Lowesby.[16] - The population of Lowesby Parish was 127 in 2011.[17] This level of population has not always been constant throughout the parish's history. The population of Lowesby grew by almost 100 people during the first fifty years of the 19th century.[18] By the time of the 1851 census, a UK-wide railway network had almost been completed. Coupled with minor depressions and a second phase of British industrialisation, it may have led to a decline in the local population.[19] The population has not recovered since then, with Lowesby having averaged approximately one hundred inhabitants during the 20th century. - Media related to Lowesby at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:33:24 -"Southgate, London - Wikipedia"," - Southgate is a suburban area of North London, England in the London Borough of Enfield. It is located around 8 miles (13 km) north of Charing Cross. The name is derived from being the south gate to Enfield Chase. - Southgate was originally the South Gate of Enfield Chase, the King's hunting grounds. This is reflected in the street names Chase Road (which leads due north from the station to Oakwood, and was formerly the avenue into the Chase) and Chase Side. There is a blue plaque on a building on the site of the south gate. A little further to the south was another small medieval settlement called South Street which had grown up around a village green; by 1829 the two settlements had merged and the village green became today's Southgate Green.[2] - Southgate was predominantly developed in the 1930s: largish semi-detached houses were built on the hilly former estates (Walker, Osidge, Monkfrith, etc.) following increased transport development. In 1933, the North Circular Road was completed through Edmonton and Southgate, and also in 1933, the London Underground Piccadilly line was extended from Arnos Grove (where it had reached the previous year), through Southgate tube station, on to Enfield West (now known as Oakwood). This unleashed a building boom, and by 1939 the area had become almost fully developed. - In 1894 an urban district of Middlesex, called Southgate, was created by the Local Government Act 1894. In 1933 the Municipal Borough of Southgate was created. The borough, which had its headquarters at Southgate Town Hall, was abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. Its area then came within the newly created London Borough of Enfield, which also included the areas that had been within the Municipal Borough of Enfield and the Municipal Borough of Edmonton.[4] - Within the area is the art deco Grade II* Southgate tube station designed by Charles Holden. The area has several large green parks such as Grovelands Park which covers ninety-two acres and contains the seven-acre former boating lake and adjoining woodland of the adjacent Grade I listed Grovelands House (formerly 'Southgate Grove').[5] In Waterfall Road is Christ Church, built in 1862 by Sir Gilbert Scott; adjacent to its grounds, in Minchenden Oak Garden, stands the Minchenden Oak. Across the road from the church lies the Walker Cricket Ground; a regular Middlesex venue which was first used in 1859 and is named after the cricketer John Walker. - The Southgate Green conservation area contains several notable Grade II listed buildings such as Arnoside House and Essex House, Sandford House & Norbury House, Old House & Essex Coach House, 40 The Green and the Valentine Poole houses. The adjoining Cannon Hill features the early-18th century Arnos Grove House and the High Street features Southgate House. - Southgate station on the Piccadilly line is the nearest tube stop to most of Southgate's residential area. Other stations are at Oakwood (to the north) and Arnos Grove (to the south west). - Southgate is a cosmopolitan district. There has been a prominent Jewish community since the early 20th century. There are also many Greek, Greek Cypriot, Japanese, and Turkish families living in the district.[6] As of the 2011 census, White British makes up 45% of the population, followed by Other White at 20%.[7] - The parliamentary constituency covering the part of Southgate in the London Borough of Enfield is Enfield Southgate (UK Parliament constituency). Until his death in the Brighton bombing in 1984, the constituency was represented by Sir Anthony Berry. In 1997, Michael Portillo, who succeeded Sir Anthony, lost the seat to Stephen Twigg, who after two terms lost in his turn to David Burrowes in May 2005. In the 2017 general election, Bambos Charalambous defeated Burrowes and became the new representative of the constituency. - There are four synagogues with Southgate in their name: Cockfosters and North Southgate,[26] Palmers Green and Southgate Synagogue[27] (both part of the United Synagogue), Southgate Progressive Synagogue[28] in Oakwood, and Chabad Southgate.[29] The former Southgate and District Reform Synagogue has now moved to Whetstone, and changed its name in February 2010 to Sha'arei Tsedek: North London Reform Synagogue. - Christ Church stands near Southgate Green. This was built on the site of Weld Chapel,[30] which was built in 1615 and demolished in 1863. The clock on the church was placed there to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. The church contains London's largest collection of pre-raphaelite stained glass by Morris, Marshall Faulkner & Co (later Morris & Co).[31] The parish church of St Andrew is on Chase Side. Emmanuel Evangelical Church meets in Ashmole School.[32] Southgate Methodist Church is on The Bourne, near Southgate Underground station. It was built in 1929, replacing a building on Chase Side. It is an active community hub. - The Southgate Masonic Centre is home to 160 Lodges of which 15 are from Middlesex, along with 5 Chapters. The Centre, a converted church hall, was opened in 1968. The Middlesex Lodges that joined had been meeting in pubs and similar venues and welcomed the opportunity to have their own Centre. - Oak Hill College is a theological college located on Chase Side. It trains both Anglican and Independent students for Church ministry in the UK and overseas. - Southgate Mosque is located at Southgate House, Southgate High Street. - Because of the age of the former village and its position in a ring of villages one day's travel by coach from London, Southgate had many pubs: within the village centre there were six local licensed premises.[33] - Many were located on Chase Side but some, such as The Bell, The Crown and the Chase Gate Tavern, were demolished as part of 20th Century redevelopment and others have closed more recently; The Waggon (formerly Waggon and Horses) became an Anatolian restaurant in 2013. The Rising Sun was the terminus for a local horsebus service to Colney Hatch (and there to Kings Cross) before the arrival of the railways, whereupon the service switched to the new station in Palmers Green.[33] It was rebuilt in 1932, and substantially renovated in 2008, changing its name to The Sun and later The Maze Inn but was subsequently closed in 2016 and demolished in 2019.[34] The Crown is commemorated in the name of The New Crown on Chase Side.[35] The Hart (formerly The White Hart) is the last long-standing pub in the immediate area, located on the adjoining Chase Road, near Southgate Circus roundabout. - Other notable local pubs are Ye Olde Cherry Tree which overlooks Southgate Green, and The Woodman on Bourne Hill. Former public house The Woolpack on the nearby High Street is now a restaurant. - The local newspapers are, as of 2018: - Media related to Southgate, London at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:33:29 -Against the Innocent - Wikipedia," - Against the Innocent is a 1989 Australian film about terrorism, directed by Daryl Dellora. - - - This article related to an Australian film of the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:33 -Baltimore Block - Wikipedia," - Baltimore Block is a series of eight rowhouses in the SoNo district of Atlanta, Georgia. Rowhouses of the kind that are abundant in Baltimore are an unusual housing type in Atlanta, where duplexes or semidetached housing, such as shotgun houses, were more common forms of high-density housing. Built in 1885 by Baltimore native Jacob J. Rosenthal, the houses were leased on long-term ground lease terms, a common practice in Baltimore. By the 1920s, the houses began to fall out of fashion, and four units were torn down while the others became derelict. A recovery began in the 1930s, and in the 1960s the area became a center of counterculture. Extensive renovation took place during the 1980s, when the units were consolidated and converted to office use.[2][3] - Like many Baltimore houses, the brick three-story rowhouses of Baltimore Block present a unified wall-like front to the street with a continuous cornice line. - View from West Peachtree Street - Front facade detail - Front porches - Front door detail - Windows and cornice details - National Register Historical Marker - Aerial view; 1980s construction makes an ""L"" around the original Baltimore Block, which can be distinguished, here, by its flat roof - Aerial view from Bank of America Plaza's 46th floor; downtown Atlanta in upper left of photo; I-75/I-85 (the Connector) is the major road artery running under the bridges and near the edges of Baltimore Block at bottom right corner - - This article about a property in Georgia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:37 -List of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2 - Wikipedia,"Dozens of captive animal species have been found infected or proven able to be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The virus has also been found in over a dozen wild animal species. - Most animal species that can get the virus have not been proven to be able to spread it back to humans. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that there is low risk that the virus would spread from animals to people but further studies are yet to be conducted.[1] - [3] - - - (SARS-CoV2-Related Virus— as opposed to SARS-CoV2 specifically— antibodies detected; see “Wild or Captive infection” column) - (Study concluded only that evidence of past infection with SARS-CoV2-Related Virus— as opposed to SARS-CoV2 specifically— was detected due to following findings: While Neutralizing Antibodies highly specific to SARS-CoV2 were found in small sample, it’s highly plausible that the antibodies were cross-reacting antibodies to other SARS-CoV2-Related Virus(es); Tested negative for virus) -",2023-08-26 17:33:40 -Tony Mooney - Wikipedia," - - Anthony John Mooney AM is a former Australian politician who served as a city councillor of the City of Townsville, Queensland from 1977 to 2008, and the mayor from 1989 to 2008.[1] - Cr. Tony Mooney was first elected as mayor in 1989 when he succeeded Mike Reynolds. He achieved 80% two party preferred and 73.56% primary vote at the 2004 election. Mooney was serving his sixth successive term when he was resoundingly defeated in the 2008 election with only 35% of the vote. He and former Thuringowa mayor Les Tyrell were forced to go head to head for the top position when Townsville and Thuringowa City Councils were amalgamated by the state government.[2][3] - In 2008 he was appointed to the board of Ergon Energy and in 2009 to the board of Townsville Enterprise Limited. - As an ALP candidate he made two attempts to win a parliamentary seat but both attempts were unsuccessful. -The first was as the ALP candidate for the court ordered Queensland state Mundingburra by-election. -He was endorsed as the ALP candidate in Mundingburra after the ALP Administrative Committee disendorsed the sitting member Ken Davies.[4] -Mooney was defeated in the by-election thanks in some part to Davies running as an independent. -Mooney won 40.2% of the primary vote and 47.2% of the two party preferred vote while Davies won 4.1% of the primary vote but did not direct his preferences to Mooney. It has been noted that it was enough to cost Mooney victory at the by-election.[5][6][7][8] -Mooney's second attempt to win a parliamentary seat was in 2010 when he announced his candidacy for the Federal seat of Herbert, but he was defeated by Ewen Jones at the Federal election on 21 August 2010. - Mooney received a scholarship to study at James Cook University in 1972 and completed an honours degree in education- arts.[9][10] He is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors. - Mooney received the Centenary Medal on 1 January 2001 for distinguished service to local government.[11] - On 26 January 2011, Mooney was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for service to local government, and to the community of Townsville through a range of tourism, business and infrastructure organisations.[12] -",2023-08-26 17:33:43 -Arthur Bartlett Maurice - Wikipedia,"Arthur Bartlett Maurice (1873–1946) was an American editor, born in Rahway, New Jersey, and educated at Richmond College (VA), and at Princeton. He served as an editor of the Woodbridge (NJ) Register in 1895, as city editor of the Elizabeth (NJ) Daily Herald in 1896, and as special writer for the New York Commercial Advertiser in 1897–98. At The Bookman, he was joint editor from 1899 to 1909 and editor thereafter. He contributed to the New International Encyclopædia and wrote New York in Fiction (1901) and History of the Nineteenth Century in Caricature (1904), with F. T. Cooper. - - This biographical article about a print editor of the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:47 -EFCC1 - Wikipedia,"79825 58229 ENSG00000114654 ENSMUSG00000068263 Q9HA90 Q9JJF6 NM_024768NM_001377500NM_001377501 NM_001159697NM_021418 NP_079044NP_001364429NP_001364430 NP_001153169 EF-hand and coiled-coil domain containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFCC1 gene.[5] - This article on a gene on human chromosome 3 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:51 -Ahn Chang-ho (judge) - Wikipedia,"Ahn Chang-ho is a former Justice of the Constitutional Court of Korea. - 1985 Prosecutor, Seoul District Prosecutors' Office - 1987 Prosecutor, Seosan Branch of Daejeon District Prosecutors' Office - 1988 Prosecutor, Eastern Branch of Busan District Prosecutors' Office - 1990 Prosecutor, Southern Branch of Seoul District Prosecutors' Office - 1993 Prosecutor, Human Rights Division, Legal Affairs Bureau of Ministry of Justice - 1996 Prosecutor, Busan District Prosecutors' Office - 1997 Chief Prosecutor, Jeongeup Branch of Jeonju District Prosecutors' Office - 1997 Constitution Research Officer, Constitutional Court - 1999 Chief, Special Legislation Division, Legal Affairs Bureau of Ministry of Justice - 2001 Chief, Planning Division, Planning &Coordination Department of Supreme Prosecutors' Office - 2002 Foreign Criminal Senior Prosecutor, Supreme Prosecutors' Office - 2003 Chief Prosecutor, Public Security Department of Supreme Prosecutors' Office - 2005 Prosecutor, Seoul High Prosecutors' Office - 2006 Deputy Chief Prosecutor, Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office - 2007 Deputy Chief Prosecutor, Gwangju High Prosecutors' Office - 2008 Chief Prosecutor, Criminal Affairs Department of Supreme Prosecutors' Office - 2009 Chief Prosecutor, Daejeon District Prosecutors' Office - 2009 Chief Prosecutor, Gwangju High Prosecutors' Office - 2011 Chief Prosecutor, Seoul High Prosecutors' Office - Current Justice, Constitutional Court (since Sep. 20, 2012) - This Korean biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:55 -Magic Shadows - Wikipedia,"Magic Shadows was a 30-min Canadian television series produced by the TVOntario public television network hosted by Elwy Yost[1] that ran on weekday evenings from 1974 to the mid 1980s. - The format was that the host would present classic feature films in a serialized format over the week from Monday to Friday. In addition, Yost presented material related to the film in question such as interviews, and visits to interesting places in Ontario that related to the featured film. - When the main film was concluded early, the Friday night airing would present classic film serials including acclaimed productions from Republic Studios such as The Adventures of Captain Marvel, Mysterious Doctor Satan, Daredevils of the Red Circle and Captain America. - - This article about a children's television show originating in Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:33:58 -Axel Strand - Wikipedia,"Axel Strand (13 November 1893 in Burlöv – 13 September 1983 in Stockholm) was a Swedish trade union organizer. A carpenter by profession, he belonged to the Swedish Wood Industry Workers' Union. Strand was the chairman of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation 1947–1956.[1] - This Swedish biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article about an activist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:03 -Rhomos - Wikipedia,"Rhomos (Ancient Greek: Ῥώμος) was in Greek and Roman mythology a son of Odysseus and Circe.[1] He was said to have founded Rome.[2] -Xenagoras writes that Odysseus and Circe had three sons Rhomos (Ancient Greek: Ῥώμος), Anteias (Ancient Greek: Ἀντείας) and Ardeias (Ancient Greek: Ἀρδείας), who built three cities and called them after their own names (Rome, Antium, and Ardea).[3] - Martin P. Nilsson speculates that this foundation story became an embarrassment as Rome became more powerful and tensions with the Greeks grew. Being descendants of the Greeks was no longer preferable, so the Romans settled on the Trojan foundation myth instead. Nilsson further speculates that the name of Romos was changed by the Romans to the native name Romulus, but the name Romos (later changed to the native Remus) was never forgotten by the people, and so these two names came to stand side by side as founders of the city.[4] - - This article relating to an Ancient Roman myth or legend is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article relating to Greek mythology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:06 -Air Navigation and Engineering Company - Wikipedia," - Air Navigation and Engineering Company Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1919 to 1927. - The company was formed in 1919 when the Blériot & SPAD Manufacturing Company Limited was renamed. The company was based at Addlestone Surrey. - The Blériot aircraft company had opened a factory at Addlestone during World War I to make SPAD and Avro aircraft and in 1919 the company became the Air Navigation and Engineering Company Limited. One of the first products was a cyclecar designed by Herbert Jones and W.D. Marchant called the Blériot-Whippet. - In 1922 the company built a 10-seat biplane airliner (the Handasyde H.2) on behalf of the Handasyde Aircraft Company Limited. The company built a number of light aircraft, the first designed by W.S. Shackelton was the ANEC I flying in 1923. The aircraft were built at Addlestone then roaded to Brooklands for flight testing. The company stopped producing aircraft in 1926 and closed in 1927. -",2023-08-26 17:34:09 -Matthew Wilkas - Wikipedia,"Matthew Wilkas (born April 20, 1978) is an American New York based theatre and film actor, playwright and reality television personality. He is best known for his lead role as Matt in the 2012 feature film Gayby. - He grew up in Camden, Maine, with his two sisters. When he was 12, his father died. He later went to Boston University on the theater program because they gave him a student-aid package. He later moved to Hartford, Connecticut, before moving to New York.[1] - Wilkas co-wrote with American actor and playwright Mark Setlock titled Pageant Play, a satire about the world of child beauty pageants. The play was produced in July 2008 at the Berkshire Theatre Festival.[2] and in 2012, he was in the stage production Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark replacing main actor Matt Caplan. Wilkas has appeared on stage in a number of acts including Silence! The Musical, The Last Sunday in June, Far and Wide, The Pride etc. He has appeared in the Williamstown Theatre Festival, the Huntington Theatre Company, the Berkshire Theatre Festival, the Rattlestick Playwrights Theater, and The Sundance Theatre Institute, under the direction of Michael Greif, Anna D. Shapiro, Will Frears, Carolyn Cantor, Mark Brokaw, Nicholas Martin, and Trip Cullman.[3] In 2019, Wilkas starred in Little Shop of Horrors as Dr. Orin Scrivello at the Pasadena Playhouse[4] - His television career started in 2003 with a token role in the TV series Hope & Faith followed by brief appearances in The New Twenty and Ugly Betty. After many small roles on television, in 2012, he had a lead role in the feature film Gayby which debuted at the South by Southwest (SXSW) festival.[5] In the film, Matt a comic book store worker (played by Wilkas) and Jenn a yoga instructor (played by Jenn Harris), best friends from college, now single and in their thirties, in agreement with a pact they had made in their youth, decide to have a baby (""gayby"") together, even though Jenn is straight and Matt is gay. In 2012, Wilkas and Harris co-won the Award for ""Best Acting Ensemble: Feature"" during the Ashland Independent Film Festival for their roles in Gayby. The film won a number of other festival awards, named one of the top ten independent films of 2012 by IndieWire, and nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. For his performance in the film, Wilkas was named one of Out magazine's ""Out100"" and one of the Los Angeles Outfest Film Festival's ""Five in Focus"".[6] - In 2014, Wilkas appeared in Undateable, an American television sitcom that aired on NBC where he was cast as the character Brett, Justin Kearney's gay friend (pilot only).[7] He also appeared in a number of shorts including This Bachelorette Party Sucks and Masc Only. - In 2017, he had a lead role in New York Is Dead, a series that he co-wrote and produced. As Felix, he co-stars with Gayby actress Jenn Harris. Also in 2017, he is appearing in a lead role as X in ""Boy Culture: The Series"", an episodic sequel to the original 2006 LGBT American drama film Boy Culture. A Kickstarter campaign was launched for the production.[8] The series will also include Darryl Stephens (as Andrew), Matthew Crawford (as Chayce), as well as Stephen Guarino and singer Steve Grand. - Matthew Wilkas is openly gay. From November 2015 to July 2019, Wilkas was in a relationship with freestyle skiing champion and Olympic athlete Gus Kenworthy.[9][10] At the 2018 Winter Olympics, in Pyeongchang, South Korea, Wilkas kissed Kenworthy before his qualifying run in the men's slopestyle; the kiss was broadcast on live television and was lauded as being a significant moment in visibility of LGBT+ athletes.[11][12] -",2023-08-26 17:34:13 -Dhirapur - Wikipedia,"Dhirapur is a village development committee in Mahottari District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6289 people living in 1072 individual households.[1] - - This article about a location in Mahottari District, Nepal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:16 -Al-Kadhimiya SC - Wikipedia,"Al Kadhimiya is a sports club that is based in the Al Kadhimiya district in Iraq. Its football team currently plays in the Iraq Division One,[1] the second tier of Iraqi football. Al-Kadhimiya participated in the Iraqi Premier League on six previous occasions. - The club was founded in 1952.[2] - This article about an Iraqi football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:19 -"John Lee (footballer, born 1869) - Wikipedia"," - John Sebastian Lee (1869 – after 1899), also known as Jack Lee,[1] was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Small Heath.[2] He played as a forward. - Lee was born in Walsall Wood, then in Staffordshire. He played local football for Walsall Unity before joining Small Heath in 1893. Described as ""a diminutive sharpshooter"",[3] Lee made his debut on the opening day of the 1893–94 Second Division season, and scored twice in a 3–1 win away at Walsall Town Swifts. He played in the next six games, scoring once more, but then lost his place to Billy Walton, whose form – 16 goals from 20 games – meant he retained the inside-right position for the remainder of the season.[4] Lee dropped back into non-league football in 1895, preferring to remain in his native West Midlands rather than join a league side elsewhere.[3] - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a forward born in the 1860s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:23 -Hintere Bachofenspitze - Wikipedia,"The Hintere Bachofenspitze in the Karwendel mountains of Tyrol is 2,668 metres (8,753 ft) high and forms the northernmost point of the parish of Thaur in the Inn Valley. Since the erection of a summit cross, that was set up in October 2003 by Franz Brunner and Fritz Gostner, this summit has enjoyed growing popularity. - The Hintere Bachofenspitze in the second Karwendel mountain chain, known as the Gleirsch-Halltal Chain, separates the Gleirsch chain (Gleirschkette) in the west from the Hall Valley chain (Halltalkette) in the east. It is also the northernmost peak of the linking ridge (Verbindungsgrat) which runs over the Rosskopf south to the Stempeljochspitzen joining up with the Inn Valley chain. The north face of the Hintere Bachofenspitze drops 700 metres to the small Gschnierkopf in the upper Hinterau valley. - The easiest and shortest way to reach the summit is on the marked path from the Pfeis Hut through the Sonntagskar to the southwest. Even the route through the rock barrier of the upper section is well marked and equipped with some iron steps (UIAA II). Another route runs from the ""Wilde Band Steig"" in the southeast through the pathless Bachofenkar. At the back of the kar, climb through a rubbly gully north up to the gap between the summits of the Vordere and Hinterer Bachofenspitze. From here the summit is reached, either along the ridge or just below it to the west (Grade I). In addition, the peak may be gained by crossing the ridge either from the Sonntagkarspitze (III), from the Haller Rosskopf (II) or the Großer Lafatscher (II). -",2023-08-26 17:34:26 -Leonid Teliga - Wikipedia,"Leonid Teliga (28 May 1917 – 21 May 1970) was a Polish sailor, writer, journalist, translator, and the first Pole to single-handedly circumnavigate the globe on his yawl Opty. - Although he was born in Russia, his parents decided to settle back in Poland after it regained independence. He was raised in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. After failing to get into medical studies, he decided to attend military academy. In 1937 he finished a yachting course in Jastarnia. - During the September Campaign Teliga fought in 44th Infantry Regiment, and was wounded at Tomaszów Mazowiecki. In 1940 he arrived in Azov, where he took a skipper course and became a fisherman. Eventually he took part in the evacuation of harbours on Crimea. In 1942 he joined the newly-formed Anders Army, established in the Soviet Union and made up mainly of Polish POWs, with which he got through to Great Britain. After taking a navigation course in Canada, he fought as a gunner in the No. 300 Squadron, a unit of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain. - Teliga returned to Poland in 1947. He used every occasion to return to the sea, sometimes as a skipper or sailing instructor, later as a journalist. In the 1950s and 1960s he published several short story collections and novels based on his various voyages. In 1957 Teliga went to North Korea to participate in the works of UN Armistice Commission. - The yacht Opty was designed by engineer Leon Tumiłowicz, based on his earlier construction, the Tuńczyk class, but modified so that it would better fit the task of long, solitary cruise. Tuńczyk's predecessor, the Konik Morski type, was the first Polish seagoing construction, designed in 1936. The construction of Opty began in January 1966 and finished in October. Although he received some support from Polish Yachting Association and other sources, Teliga funded the construction mostly on his own. Even though its masts and booms were wooden, the yacht was fairly well equipped, as it had a pneumatic raft, a plastic boat for easier communication with the coast, and a wide set of sails for every kind of wind. - After having Opty transported to Casablanca, Teliga began his journey on 25 January 1967, heading west. During the course of the cruise he visited Canary Islands, Lesser Antilles, Panama Canal, Galápagos Islands, Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, Bora Bora, Fiji, and Dakar. In Panama Canal he experienced an unexpected delay, as it took eleven days to persuade the Canal's administration to let him pass. Most likely this was the reason for him to skip Australia and do the final section of the circumnavigation without any landings, as after failing to get Australian visa he expected similar obstructions there.[1] - During his journey, Teliga became fairly well known, and acquired honorary membership of several yacht clubs. He experienced a hospitable welcome in nearly every port, and, incidentally, met compatriots in most of them. - Cruising non-stop from Fiji to Dakar for 165 days, he beat the world record previously held by Bernard Gilboy, who sailed single-handedly for 163 days in an attempt to cross the Pacific Ocean. However, when Teliga landed in Dakar on 9 January 1969, Robin Knox-Johnston has already been at sea for 210 days. - On 5 April 1969 he crossed his course from 1967, finishing the circumnavigation. It took him ""2 years, 13 days, 21 hours and 15 minutes""[2] - Due to rapidly developing cancer, Teliga was forced to stop in Casablanca. He was transported back to Poland by plane. Despite having an operation, he died in May 1970. -",2023-08-26 17:34:31 -"San Bartolomeo Apostolo, Fiumalbo - Wikipedia","San Bartolomeo Apostolo is Roman Catholic parish church located in the town of Fiumalbo, province of Modena, in the region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. - A Romanesque church at the site is documented since 1220. The church was reconstructed and reoriented from 1589 to 1592, with further work in 1630 and 1826. The apse remains of the earlier church. The main portal (1594) is made from carved stone. The interior has a nave and two aisles. The wooden ceiling is baroque. The walls contain sculpted spolia from the earlier church, including behind the main altar a relief depicting a lady on horseback with a warrior, which are said to depict Matilde di Canossa and the count Guido Guerra, at the Battle of Sorbara. The church has a Madonna and Child, Young John the Baptist and Saints by Camillo Gavasseti.[1] In the choir is a depiction of a Martyrdom of St Bartholemew by Adeodato Malatesta. The nearby Oratory of St Roch has paintings by maestro Savallino da Carpi, eseguiti nel 1535.[2] On August 23–24, the festival of the saint includes a candle-light procession through the town to this church. -  WikiMiniAtlas44°10′47.3″N 10°38′51.8″E / 44.179806°N 10.647722°E / 44.179806; 10.647722 -",2023-08-26 17:34:34 -"Mary, Turkmenistan - Wikipedia"," - Mary (Turkmen pronunciation: [maɾɯ]), formerly named Merv,[1] Meru and Alexandria Margiana, is a city on an oasis in the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan, located on the Murgab River. It is the capital city of Mary Region. In 2010, Mary had a population of 126,000,[2] up from 92,000 in the 1989 census.[3] The ruins of the ancient city of Merv are located near the present-day city. - Atanyýazow notes that the name ""Muru"" appears in Zoroastrian texts alongside the toponyms Sogd (Sogdia) and Bakhti (Bactria), and that the name ""Margiana"" appears carved into rocks at Behistun, Iran, dating back 2,500 years. Atanyyazow adds, ""the name was used in the form Merv-ash-Shahizhan"", with subsequent forms including Muru, Mouru, Margiana, Marg, Margush, Maru, Maru-shahu-jahan, Maru-Shahu-ezan, Merv, and Mary, and that some scholars interpret the word marg as ""green field"" or ""grassland"", noting that in Persian marg can mean a source of livestock.[4] - The ancient city of Merv was an oasis city on the Silk Road. It was destroyed and its population annihilated in the 13th century by the Mongols. Because of its location on the Silk Road, it revived over time only to be largely destroyed again in the 19th century by nomadic Teke raiders. Edmund O'Donovan described Merv in 1882 as - It was occupied by Imperial Russia in 1884, triggering the Panjdeh incident between Afghanistan, British forces, and the Imperial Russian Army. The modern settlement was founded later that year as a Russian military and administrative post. - A force of the British Indian Army consisting of a machine gun detachment comprising 40 Punjabi troops and a British officer resisted the Bolsheviks near Merv in August 1918, in what was the first direct confrontation between British and Russian troops since the Crimean War.[6] - -The area surrounding Mary was developed by the Soviet Union as a center for cotton production through the use of extensive irrigation. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia article on Mary reads in part, Mary (until 1937 Merv), city, center of Mary oblast' of Turkmen SSR. Located on the Murghab River and Karakum Canal. Junction of railroad lines to Tashkent, Krasnovodsk, and Kushka. 67 thousand residents (1973; 8.5 thousand in 1897, 37 thousand in 1939, 48 thousand in 1959). Large wool degreasing plant, cotton gin, machine building factories; building construction amalgamate; food (milling, baking, and meat packing amalgamates, dairy plant, etc.), leather industry, carpet production. Near to Mary began to operate in 1973 the Mary District State Electrical Power Plant. Medical and pedagogical colleges. Museum of history of the revolution. Drama theater.[7] In 1968, huge reserves of natural gas were discovered 20 kilometers west of the city in the Shatlyk Gas Field.[8] - Mary became the center of Mary Province on 18 May 1992, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Turkmen proclamation of independence. - In the 2000s, many streets and new residential areas were built. The new airport terminal was constructed, as was a new building for the Turkmen State Power Engineering Institute, a theater, the new library, a new historical museum, the Palace of Spirituality (Turkmen: Ruhiýet Köşgi), the Margush Hotel, a medical diagnostic center, the Ene Mähri obstetric-pediatric medical center, the Gurbanguly Hajji Mosque, a stadium, an equestrian complex, an indoor swimming pool, and a new railway station.[9] - In 2012, the city was declared one of the cultural capitals of the CIS.[10] - The city of Mary is the capital of Mary Region. Mary is a city of district-level importance, meaning that it is not part of any district, and is administratively directly subordinate to the region. However, there also is Mary District which surrounds the city. The administrative center of the district is also the city of Mary, despite not being part of it. - The city of Mary includes the town of Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy, and the villages of Mülkburkaz, Soltanyz, and Ýolly. - Mary is Turkmenistan's fourth-largest city and a large industrial center for the natural gas and cotton industries, two of the nation's major export earners. It is a trade center for cotton, cereals, hides, and wool. - Mary's library is the largest regional library in the Mary District.[11] Construction of the library began in February 2010. The library officially opened on October 20, 2011 and the President of Turkmenistan, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, held the official opening ceremony.[12] - The building has a spherical shape, and is supported by 62 columns. The height of the library is 42 meters. The three-story building is designed for the storage of three million books,[13] and can manage 600 concurrent readers. The library's collection includes a book shop, nine reading rooms, internet facilities, a separate reading room for elders, an office of special departments, conference rooms, and a children's room. Under the dome of the library, which is in the form of tulip petals, is a telescope. - Mary is known for its regional museum. - The main football team is Merw Mary, who play at the Mary Stadium. - MiG monument in Mary - Market in Mary, 1992 - Market in Mary, 1992 - Market in Mary, 1992 - Bus stop,1992 - Wedding in Mary, 1992 - Women in Mary, 1992 - Market in Mary, 1992 - Man in Mary wearing a traditional telpek hat, 1992 - Mary is twinned with: -",2023-08-26 17:34:37 -Alia Yassin Elkatib - Wikipedia,"Alia Yassin Elkatib (born 1995) was an Egyptian individual rhythmic gymnast. She represented her nation at international competitions. - She competed at world championships, including at the 2011 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.[1] - - This biographical article related to Egyptian sports is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:41 -Eosentomon longisquamum - Wikipedia," - Eosentomon longisquamum is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China).[1][2] - - This Eosentomon article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:34:44 -Liberation Army of Dagestan - Wikipedia,"The Liberation Army of Dagestan (also known as the Dagestan Liberation Army or the Army of the Liberation of Dagestan) was a nonexistent militant organization supposedly based in Dagestan, claimed by anonymous callers to be responsible for the 1999 Russian apartment bombings. - On September 2, 1999 a journalist working for the Agence France-Presse news agency in Grozny received a phone call from someone known only as Khasbulat. The caller identified himself as a member of the Army of the Liberation of Dagestan and claimed that it was responsible for the explosion at Manezhnaya Square in Moscow on 31 August 1999. He added that similar acts would occur throughout the Russian Federation until Russian soldiers left Dagestan. According to Khasbulat, the Army of the Liberation of Dagestan was a subdivision of the Islamic Army of Caucasus led by Sheikh Muhammed Baggaudin. The leader of the Wahhabi community, Sheikh Baggaudin, a native in the village of Karamakhi, had created this army in response to the assault of the federal troops on his birthplace.[1][2] - On September 9, 1999, an anonymous person speaking with a Caucasian accent called the Interfax news agency, saying that the blasts in Buynaksk and Moscow were ""our response to the bombings of civilians in the villages in Chechnya and Dagestan.""[3][4] - On September 15, 1999, an unidentified man, again speaking with a Caucasian accent, called the ITAR-TASS news agency, claiming to represent the Liberation Army of Dagestan. He said that the explosions in Buynaksk and Moscow were carried out by his organization.[3] According to him the attacks were in retaliation for the deaths of Muslim women and children during Russian air raids in Dagestan. ""We will answer death with death,"" the caller said.[5] - Russian officials from both the Interior Ministry and FSB at the time expressed skepticism over the claims.[6] Sergei Bogdanov of the FSB press service in Moscow said that the words of a previously unknown individual representing a semimythical organization should not be considered as reliable. Bogdanov insisted that the organization had nothing to do with the bombings.[7] On September 15, 1999 a Dagestani official also denied the existence of a ""Dagestan Liberation Army"".[8] - According to professor Peter Reddaway and researcher Dmitri Glinski, the involvement of the Liberation Army of Dagestan is a more plausible theory than others and they may indeed have perpetrated the bombings, with or without Russian government assistance. They wrote that if this was the case the group would likely originate from the religious conservative villages Karamakhi, Chabanmakhi and a few other neighbouring villages in central Dagestan. They also wrote that if so, they believe ""it is impossible that the Moscow authorities did not know of the plans, at least in general terms"", noting that ""even before Stepashin visited the district a year earlier, they must have been receiving numerous reports from, in particular, the FSB, the Interior Ministry and probably eavesdropping agency FAPSI.""[9] A journalist who in mid-August 1999 traveled to Karamakhi and interviewed some villagers and their military commander General Dzherollak, wrote: ""The Wahhabis' trucks go all over Russia. Even one wrong move in Moscow or Makhachkala, they warn, will lead to bombs and bloodshed everywhere."" According to the journalist the Wahhabis had told him, ""if they start bombing us, we know where our bombs will explode.""[9] In the last days of August, Russian military launched an aerial bombing of the villages.[9] - According to former US counter-terrorism official Paul J. Murphy, Russia's official investigation of the bombings proved that the Liberation Army of Dagestan is the same as the Islamic Army of Dagestan, which launched the invasion of the region from Chechnya in August 1999.[10] -",2023-08-26 17:34:47 -Josaphat Chichkov - Wikipedia,"Robert-Matthew Chichkov (9 February 1884 – 11 November 1952) in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, was a priest, rector and teacher who was sentenced to death in the early 1950s. He venerate as blessed by the Catholic Church. - He came from a large and fervent Latin Church Catholic family. He entered the Assumptionist high school seminary in Adrianopolis and entered the Assumptionist novitiate in Phanaraki, Turkey in 1900. His name in religion was Josaphat. He was ordained a priest in the Latin rite in Malines, Belgium, in 1909 after studying philosophy and theology at Louvain University. - Once back in Bulgaria, he taught at St. Augustine College in Plovdiv and at St. Michael College in Varna. Later he moved to Yambol where he served as superior and rector of the high school seminary of Saints Cyril and Methodius, as pastor of the local Latin rite parish, and as chaplain to the Oblate Sisters of the Assumption. In 1937 he returned to the college in Varna where he served as rector and teacher until he was arrested in 1951. - He was responsible for enlarging the Yambol seminary to include seminarians of both rites, Latin and Byzantine-Slav, and found ways to integrate students into one community. He organized fundraising activities for the institution and taught French to teachers, civil servants, and Bulgarian army officers. - He had a particular interest in the latest technology and introduced a ham radio and movie projector at the seminary. - Josaphat Chichkov was arrested in December 1951. After what international organizations universally considered a show trial which began on 29 September 1952 and ended with a guilty verdict and a death sentence on 3 October, Fr. Chickov, two of his Assumptionists companions, Fr. Kamen Vitchev and Fr. Pavel Djidjov, and a Passionist bishop, Most Rev. Eugene Bossilkov, were shot to death, without public notice, at 11:30 PM the evening of 11 November 1952.[clarification needed] - Fr. Chichkov was declared a martyr for the faith and beatified by Pope John Paul II in Plovdiv on 26 May 2002.[citation needed] - On 28 July 2010 the Bulgarian parliament passed a law officially rehabilitating all of those who had been condemned by the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1952, including Fr. Chichkov. -",2023-08-26 17:34:50 -Chuck Cooperstein - Wikipedia,"Chuck Cooperstein is an American sports radio personality based in Dallas, Texas. - Cooperstein is the radio voice of the Dallas Mavericks, and has been since 2005. He has also worked for Westwood One on its college football and basketball broadcasts in various periods since 1995 (Football) and 1991 (Basketball). Also since 1985, he has served as a play-by-play voice of TCU and University of Texas football, and TCU, SMU and Texas A&M basketball. Chuck has also called NFL games for Westwood One. He worked for KRLD Radio in Dallas between 1984-92; WIP Radio in Philadelphia from 1992-93; KTCK Radio in Dallas from 1994-97; WBAP Radio in Dallas from 1997-2001; KESN/ESPN from 2001-2016; Cumulus Media/ESPN from 2017-2020; ESPN Radio from 2020-21; and iHeart Radio from 2021-present. - He is a resident of Irving, Texas with his wife Karen. He has one son; Jeffrey (born 2/27/96). He attended high school at Friends Academy in Locust Valley, NY, and college at the University of Florida -",2023-08-26 17:34:53 -Gutiérrez - Wikipedia,"Gutiérrez (UK: /ˌɡʊtiˈɛərɛz, -əz/, US: /ˌɡuːtiˈɛərəz, -əs, ɡuːˈtjɛərɛs/,[1][2][3] Spanish: [ɡuˈtjereθ]) is a Spanish surname meaning ""son of Gutier/Gutierre"". Gutierre is a form of Gualtierre, the Spanish form of Walter. Gutiérrez is the Spanish form of the English surnames Walters, Watkins, and Watson, and has Germanic etymological origin. - The Visigoths, who ruled Spain between the mid-5th and early 8th centuries, had a profound impact on the development of surnames.[citation needed] This name originally derived from the baptismal name Gutierre. The Portuguese version of this surname is Guterres. - Notable people with the surname include: - -",2023-08-26 17:34:56 -Stuart Hall Building - Wikipedia,"The Stuart Hall Building is located at 2121 Central Street in the Crossroads Arts District neighborhood of Kansas City, Missouri. The former commercial building is known as the Freight House Lofts or Stuart Hall Lofts. - The seven-story building was constructed in 1910-1911 as a manufacturing facility for the National Biscuit Company. To this day, the massive brick ovens still remain in the building. The building was later used as a warehouse for the Stuart Hall company. The building was not only a warehouse for the company, it was where the company's operations were located. The company made various paper items that included envelopes, spiral notebooks and notebook paper. - The Stuart Hall building was converted into 127 residential lofts, following a $24 million renovation project that was completed in 2004. -  WikiMiniAtlas39°05′15″N 94°35′15″W / 39.0874°N 94.5875°W / 39.0874; -94.5875 -",2023-08-26 17:34:59 -Triathlon at the 2019 Military World Games - Wikipedia," - Triathlon at the 2019 Military World Games was held in Wuhan, China on 27 October 2019. -",2023-08-26 17:35:03 -Optimized Consumer Intensity Analysis - Wikipedia,"In the area of food and beverage marketing, an Optimized Consumer Intensity Analysis uses data from a sensory perception experiment, often in the form of a blind taste test, to compare brands or products. For example, the Pepsi Challenge is a famous taste test that has been run by Pepsi since 1975 as a method to show their superiority to Coca-Cola. - An OCI Analysis takes in data from a sensory perception experiment[1] and outputs a graph showing the distribution of the products per attribute taking into account the overall liking score. Data resulting from sensory perception experiment results in (at least) the following variables: - The output graph shows the average sensory attribute per product. Key to the interpretation of the graph is a provided interval ""the optimal range"". This interval is understood and interpreted in several ways: -",2023-08-26 17:35:06 -Lee Hyun-ju (footballer) - Wikipedia,"Lee Hyun-ju (Korean: 이현주; born 7 February 2003) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for 2. Bundesliga club SV Wehen Wiesbaden, on loan from Bayern Munich II. - Lee started his career with Tree Mers FC in Ansan, before moving to Pohang to join the Pohang Steelers.[2] - In January 2022, Lee joined German giants Bayern Munich from Pohang Steelers on a year-long loan deal, with the option to make the deal permanent.[3] After impressing with the club's reserve team while on loan, Bayern Munich took up the option to make the deal permanent in August 2022, with Lee signing a deal through 2025.[4][5] - On 7 July 2023, he was loaned to recently promoted 2. Bundesliga club SV Wehen Wiesbaden for the 2023–24 season.[6] - Lee has represented South Korea at various youth levels.[1][2][7] He was called up to the South Korea Olympic team in September 2022, in preparation for the 2024 Summer Olympics.[8] - Lee has named Joshua Kimmich as a player he idolises, while also crediting Jamal Musiala as a similarly-aged player he looks up to.[3][9] -",2023-08-26 17:35:09 -DejaView - Wikipedia,"DejaView is a Canadian English language specialty television channel owned by Corus Entertainment. It primarily airs television shows from the 1970s to 2010s. - In November 2000, Global Television Network Inc. (then owned by Canwest) was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a national English-language Category 2 specialty television service called Pop TV, described as ""featuring classic programs from the beginnings of television. Programming will explore vintage television and the cultural impact of television on our society by providing a window on television history.""[1] - The channel was launched on September 4, 2001 as DejaView.[2] - After DejaView's parent company, Canwest, filed for creditor protection in October 2009,[3] Shaw Communications subsequently completed a purchase and took over the assets of Canwest's broadcasting arm on October 27, 2010,[4] which was announced in February of that year,[5] and renamed the company Shaw Media. - On April 1, 2016, DejaView's parent company, Shaw Media, was acquired by Corus Entertainment. It once became a sister station to CMT and W Network (though this lapsed in later years because the former is now airing what DejaView has played in the past), as with its other sister stations such as MovieTime. - In late 2016, a 1080i high definition simulcast of the standard definition feed was launched. - Throughout the channel's existence, it has primarily aired sitcoms and television dramas from the United States and Canada, however, other genres of programs have aired including game shows, reality television, and lifestyle series. - - This article about a television station in Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:12 -Carl-Axel Palm - Wikipedia," - Carl-Axel Palm (born 20 September 1949) is a Swedish boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.[1] At the 1968 Summer Olympics, he lost to Elio Cotena of Italy.[1] - - This biographical article related to a Swedish boxer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:16 -Count Cutelli - Wikipedia,"Gaetano Mazzaglia dei Conti Cutelli (January 1, 1889 – July 16, 1944), better known as Count Tano Cutelli, was an Italian-American nobleman and sound effects specialist for television and Hollywood films during the 1920s and '30s, and worked for companies including Disney and Looney Tunes. In his career, he received the nickname ""The Big Noise"" for the 2000 or so sound effects that he could create with his voice. - Gaetano Mazzaglia dei Conti Cutelli was born in Sicily,[4] and grew up on his father's estate near Mount Etna.[5] He was raised as a nobleman within the Italian aristocracy. One of his first jobs was as a sea-captain, and during the First World War, he fought for the Italian Army on the African front.[6] - Cutelli started his career as a stage actor, performing in European vaudeville venues[7]—specifically in Palermo. He moved to Hollywood in the early 1920s in order to begin performing in early ""talkie"" motion pictures. His first contact in the film world was with the manager of Gloria Swanson, who had heard Cutelli's impressions during his early radio work. He was asked to do a screen test for his imitation of a crying baby, and soon after began doing film work.[5][6] From there, he became a pioneer in the creation of sound effects in both film and radio.[8] By 1929, his career in the movies was the subject of an article by The New York Times.[9] He immigrated to the United States in 1930, settling in Los Angeles, and became a naturalized citizen a decade later.[1] - Cutelli was able to produce more than 2,000 sound effects from his throat, including a large variety of different animals, mechanical noises (like air plane squadrons), and weather effects (like howling winds or sea waves crashing on the shore).[5][10] From these skills, he earned the nickname ""The Big Noise"", and began to invent various mechanical devices for the replication of similar sounds for radio and film.[11] In many cases he would personally install the devices, which were used in both the US and many European countries. He also worked closely with Leon Schlesinger to hold seminars on the subject matter.[12] For example, in 1935 he developed and installed the noise machines for WGN in Chicago. These devices were generally much smaller and cheaper than those used previously. He also developed techniques for the creation of other noises, such as rain, used in the media industry.[13] During his work, Cutelli acted as the supervisor of sound effects for several early Hollywood studios.[8] - Films that his voice work was featured in included The Trespasser,[5] The Love Parade, and Condemned, and he voiced the crying baby Abraham Lincoln in the 1930 film Abraham Lincoln.[10] Another role that Cutelli did was providing the additional lines for Porky Pig after his original voice actor Joe Dougherty could not control his stuttering issues. In 1937, Dougherty was replaced by Mel Blanc as the voice of Porky, in which Blanc would continue voicing Porky until his death in 1989. - Cutelli died of a heart attack on July 16, 1944, while waiting for a train in Seattle. Upon his death, the Chicago Tribune called him the ""Genius of Sound Effects"".[13] After his death, The Berlin Anthropological Institute offered $2,000 to purchase Cutelli's head so that it could be studied for his sound effects ability. The request was declined by the family.[14] - Celebrating Mickey Mouse's 90th birthday year in 2018, the newspaper il Mattino published a story[15] of remembrance. -",2023-08-26 17:35:19 -Conrado Welsh - Wikipedia," - Conrado Welsh (1908 – 1954) was a Chilean footballer. He played in three matches for the Chile national football team in 1935.[1] He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1935 South American Championship.[2] - This biographical article related to Chilean football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:23 -Rudolf Geiter - Wikipedia,"Rudolf Geiter (18 April 1913 – 30 September 1978) was an Austrian football forward who played for Austria. He also played for Wiener Sport-Club and Grasshopper Zürich. - Rudolf Geiter at National-Football-Teams.com - This biographical article related to association football in Austria, about a midfielder, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:26 -Danilo Sacramento - Wikipedia,"Danilo Valério Sacramento (born 3 November 1982) is a retired Brazilian football midfielder. Danilo previously played for Ponte Preta and Vasco da Gama in the Campeonato Brasileiro.[1] - - This biographical article related to a Brazilian association football midfielder born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:29 -Domenic Sarno - Wikipedia,"Domenic J. Sarno (born May 4, 1963) is the current mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts. First elected in 2007, Sarno has won re-election five times since and is a member of the Democratic Party.[1] Winning election to a fifth term overall in 2019 and the third four-year term, he is the longest-serving mayor in Springfield's history.[2] - Sarno was born in Springfield, Massachusetts to Alfonso and Clara Sarno, who were Italian immigrants and small business owners. He graduated from the High School of Commerce. He studied political science at American International College for some time, but ultimately graduated from Westfield State University with a degree in psychology. He is a practicing Roman Catholic.[citation needed] - Sarno worked as an aide to Springfield Mayor Mary Hurley from 1989 to 1991. From 1996 to 2002 he was an aide to Hampden County District Attorney William Bennett. Sarno later worked as executive director of the South End Community Center from 2002 to 2007. During this time, he also served as an at-large member of the Springfield City Council. Sarno was first elected to the city council in 1999, and he was subsequently elected to three more two-year terms.[1] - In 2007, Sarno announced that he would challenge incumbent Mayor Charles Ryan, who was serving his fifth non-consecutive term in office. During the campaign, Sarno focused on Springfield's trash collection fee, while Ryan argued that he had helped to prevent the city from falling into bankruptcy. On November 6, 2007, Sarno won 53% of the vote to Ryan's 47%.[3] - Sarno ran for reelection in 2009, facing City Councilor Bud Williams. Sarno received 69% of the vote to Williams’ 29%. In that same year, Springfield voters approved a change to the city's charter, which extended the mayor's term in office to four years. This provision did not, however, take effect until the 2011 municipal elections.[4] - In 2011, Sarno won reelection to a four-year term. He defeated City Councilor Jose Tosado by winning 71% of the vote. While Tosado won several key labor union endorsements during the campaign, Sarno touted his fiscal management and response to the 2011 New England tornado outbreak.[5][6] - In 2015 Sarno was reelected, defeating local business owner Salvatore Circosta with 77% of the vote, with Circosta winning 22.5%.[7] - In 2019, Sarno won reelection, defeating challenger and local activist Yolanda Cancel with 77% of the vote to Cancel's 23%. With the expansion of terms to 4 years after 2011, following the 2019 election, Sarno became the longest-serving mayor in the city's history, a record preceded by Daniel B. Brunton in 1957.[2][8] - When Sarno took office in 2007, Springfield was in the midst of a financial crisis. The city suffered from a shrinking industrial tax base, rising budget deficits, and the fact it had been downgraded to junk bond status by credit rating agencies. In 2004, the Massachusetts General Court and Governor Mitt Romney responded to this financial crisis by giving the city a no-interest $52 million loan. In return, a state-run Finance Control Board took authority over almost all municipal functions. During Sarno's first term in office, the city's financial standing improved, with Moody's Investors Service upgrading its bond rating. In January 2009, Governor Deval Patrick signed legislation disbanding the Finance Control Board and giving Springfield ten additional years to repay the loan.[11] - Prior to elimination of the Finance Control Board, the body occasionally clashed with Sarno. Significantly, in 2007 the board voted in favor of conducting a full search for a new police commissioner after Edward A. Flynn left to become Chief of the Milwaukee Police Department. Sarno favored immediately appointing Springfield's Deputy Chief William Fitchet, who eventually won the position.[12] - One of the most important moments of Sarno's second term came on June 1, 2011, when Springfield was struck by the 2011 New England tornado outbreak, which left three hundred people injured in the city and a significant amount of damage on Main Street. 500 people were left homeless and in temporary shelter in the MassMutual Center. - After Massachusetts passed an expanded gambling law in 2011, several casino companies began competing for the single casino license available for Western Massachusetts. Sarno's administration set a January 2013 deadline for companies to submit plans to the city. MGM Resorts International and Penn National Gaming met this deadline. In May 2013, Sarno selected MGM as the city's sole competitor for the Western Massachusetts casino license. As part of a host agreement, MGM pledged to pay the city $25 million per year in return for permission to build an $800 million resort in the city's South End.[13] - - -",2023-08-26 17:35:34 -Berlin 1881 chess tournament - Wikipedia,"The Deutscher Schachbund (DSB, the German Chess Federation) had been founded in Leipzig on July 18, 1877. When the next meeting took place in the Schützenhaus, Leipzig on July 15, 1879, sixty-two clubs had become members of the federation. Hofrat Dr. Rudolf von Gottschall became Chairman and Hermann Zwanzig the General Secretary.[1] When foreign players were invited to Berlin in 1881, an important and successful formula was completed. A master tournament was organised every second year, and Germans could partake in many groups and their talents qualified for master tournaments by a master title in the Hauptturnier.[2] - The Berlin 1881 chess tournament (the second DSB Congress,2.DSB-Kongreß), organised by Hermann Zwanzig and Emil Schallopp, took place in Berlin from August 29 to September 17, 1881.[3][4] - The final standings and crosstable:[5] - The Haupturnier A was won by Curt von Bardeleben, who earlier beat Berthold Lasker, Siegbert Tarrasch and Seger, in a preliminary group. - The final results:[6][7] - 1. Bardeleben 2½/3 (won a preliminary group, scoring 3/3) - 2. Specht 2/3 (won a prel. group, scoring 2/3) - 3. Kist 1½/3 (won a prel. group, scoring 2/2) - 4. Reif 0/3 (won a prel. group, scoring 2/3) -",2023-08-26 17:35:37 -Turkiella - Wikipedia," - Turkiella is a genus of mite in the family Laelapidae.[1] - - This Laelapidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:41 -A Walk Among the Tombstones (film) - Wikipedia," - A Walk Among the Tombstones is a 2014 American neo-noir action thriller film[5][6][7][8] directed and written by Scott Frank, and based on the 1992 novel of the same name by Lawrence Block. It stars Liam Neeson, Dan Stevens, David Harbour, and Boyd Holbrook. The film was released on September 19, 2014. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $62 million worldwide. - In 1991, Detective Matthew ""Matt"" Scudder, in a car with his partner, is urged to get help and is told he is not a reliable backup. Scudder then enters a bar and gets coffee with shots. Two armed men come in and kill the bartender. Scudder shoots one, pursues and kills the second assailant, and the getaway driver. - In New York of 1999, a drug addict named Peter Kristo approaches a retired Scudder, asking him to help his brother Kenny, a drug trafficker. Kenny tells Scudder that his wife was kidnapped and her kidnappers demanded a ransom. After he delivered the ransom as instructed, the kidnappers directed him to a car containing her dismembered body. Kenny asks Scudder to help him find his wife’s killers. Scudder ultimately agrees to help him. - Scudder researches similar killings via newspaper archives at a public library. He reads about victims Marie Gotteskind and Leila Andresen and believes the crimes are connected. He meets TJ, a homeless streetwise youth, who helps with the research. - Based on a newspaper article, Scudder goes to Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn and speaks with groundskeeper Jonas Loogan who discovered Leila's remains. The evasive groundskeeper cuts off the conversation, provoking Scudder's suspicion. - Scudder talks to Leila's fiancé, Reuben, who saw two men drag her into a van driven by a third. Across the street, Scudder sees Loogan exiting an apartment building. Scudder goes up into the rooftop and finds a pigeon coop, where Loogan is living. Scudder sees voyeuristic polaroid photos of Reuben and Leila having sex. Loogan arrives and admits that he helped kidnap Leila. He had conspired to take Leila away from Reuben, who is a drug dealer, and help her stop using drugs. Instead, the other two tortured and killed her. He tells Scudder that he should be scared of the other two men because “they’re not human.” Loogan feeds his pigeons, gives Scudder one name, ""Ray,"" and then he jumps off the roof to his death. - The two kidnappers, Ray and Albert, surveil the home of Yuri Landau, another drug trafficker. After realizing Landau's wife is bedridden, they prepare to leave for a new target. However, they see his 14-year-old daughter, Lucia, and Ray decides to kidnap her. - Scudder eventually learns victim Marie Gotteskind was a Drug Enforcement Administration agent and determines that whoever murdered her also has her files, which they have been using to target drug dealers and traffickers. Meanwhile, Scudder grows closer to TJ, encouraging the boy to study and avoid a life of crime. He finds TJ in a hospital one day after a street gang beat down and learns that TJ has sickle cell anemia. Scudder gives him a cell phone. During a conversation with TJ, Scudder explains why he retired. During the 1991 shootout, he was intoxicated. One of his stray bullets ""took a bad hop"" and hit a 7-year-old girl in the eye, instantly killing her. Even though he received a commendation for chasing down the three robbers who killed the bartender, he quit his job as a cop and he gave up alcohol. - Kenny brings Scudder to Yuri Landau's home, where the kidnappers call and arrange to exchange ransom for Lucia at a cemetery. They demand $1 million, and in exchange, Scudder demands that they bring Lucia alive and well. Kenny offers to lend cash to Yuri, who provides counterfeit money to fulfill the remaining ransom. Scudder, Kenny, Landau, Peter, and TJ drive to the cemetery. Scudder orders TJ to stay in the car. After a stand off, Lucia is returned to her father but suffering injuries to her hand from being tortured. Albert inspects the money and discovers the counterfeit bills. A shootout ensues. Peter is killed, and Scudder wounds Ray. Albert and Ray escape in their van, with TJ hiding in the back. - After Albert and Ray arrive at their place, TJ sneaks out of the van. He tells Scudder their address. Albert betrays the wounded Ray by strangling him to death with a metal wire while in the basement. Scudder and Kenny find TJ outside the house and they all silently enter the house finding Albert calmly eating his dinner. Albert surrenders and Scudder cuffs him. Kenny wants to kill him but Scudder talks him down, seeing how TJ is in the room and is watching everything. Scudder reminds Kenny that there is enough evidence to put Albert behind bars for the rest of his life. Kenny reluctantly agrees. Scudder leaves Kenny alone with Albert while he puts TJ in a taxi to his apartment. Kenny knocks Albert unconscious with a bottle. He goes into the basement where he finds Ray’s body and tools used for dismembering bodies. While Kenny is downstairs, Albert wakes up. - Scudder goes back inside the house and finds Albert gone. He goes down the basement and sees Kenny's dead body on the stairs (implying that Albert killed Kenny). Albert suddenly tries to strangle him from behind with a metal wire. After a table-turning fight, Scudder overpowers and tasers Albert. He eventually kills him with a gunshot to the head. A while later, police arrive at the crime scene with Scudder observing from afar. - Scudder returns home to find TJ sleeping on the couch and spots a drawing that TJ made of himself as a superhero, with a sickle on his costume representing his sickle cell anemia. - A film adaptation of Block’s novel had been in development for several years with a script from Scott Frank. The film is largely faithful to the core story of the novel, while cutting several subplots and supporting characters. In 2002, Harrison Ford was attached to star and D.J. Caruso to direct.[9] In May 2012, Liam Neeson had reportedly signed on to play Matthew Scudder in the film, with Frank himself directing, and production slated to begin February 2013.[10] - Filming began on March 3, 2013 in New York City.[11] Producers invited author Block to the set to watch filming. On the casting of Neeson, Block said, ""Readers often ask who'd be my ideal Matt Scudder, and I usually change the subject. But now it's safe to tell you that, ever since I saw him in Michael Collins, Neeson has been up at the top of my personal Scudder wish list. I couldn't be happier about either the star or the writer/director, both of them genuine artists and brilliant professionals. My book's in good hands.""[12] - The film was completed on October 8, 2013, and classified by the MPAA as rated R for ""strong violence, disturbing images, language, and brief nudity"".[13] On October 18, 2013, Block tweeted that he had seen the film and revealed producers were aiming for a September 2014 release.[14] On January 30, 2014, it was announced the film would be released on September 19, 2014.[15] - A Walk Among the Tombstones grossed $26 million in the United States and Canada, and $36.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total gross of $62.1 million, against its $28 million budget.[4] - The film earned $428,000 from Thursday night from 1,918 theaters, and $4.7 million from 2,712 theaters on its opening day.[16][17] It debuted at number two at the box office on its opening weekend earning $13.1 million behind The Maze Runner ($32.5 million).[18] - On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 68% based on 165 reviews, with an average rating of 6.20/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""A Walk Among the Tombstones doesn't entirely transcend its genre clichés, but it does offer Liam Neeson one of his more compelling roles in recent memory, and that's often enough.""[19] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating ""mixed or average reviews"".[20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ""B−"" on an A+ to F scale.[21] - Richard Roeper gave the film a B+ rating, calling the film ""a stylish and smart thriller"".[22] Manohla Dargis in The New York Times called it ""one of those rare cinematic offerings: intelligent pulp"" but also noted that the film ""can be tough to watch, particularly its fleeting images of tortured women"".[23] In Variety, Andrew Barker found it a well-made thriller ""with a good deal of panache and style"".[24] -",2023-08-26 17:35:44 -Ken Williamson - Wikipedia," - Kenneth Williamson (7 August 1928 – 9 May 2000) was an English amateur footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for Bishop Auckland and Crook Town.[1][3] - He was on the losing side for Bishop Auckland in the 1951 FA Amateur Cup Final,[4] and on the winning side for Crook Town in 1954, albeit playing only in the drawn match at Wembley Stadium, during which he sustained an ankle injury that kept him out of the two replays.[5] - Williamson was an all-round sportsman. As a cricketer, he played as a right-hand batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler in the Minor Counties Championship for Durham between 1951 and 1960,[2] and also represented the county at rugby and squash, a sport he went on to coach at Teesside Polytechnic.[6] - - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a forward born in the 1920s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:47 -Jan Johansen (canoeist) - Wikipedia," - Jan Johansen (born 3 December 1944) is a retired Norwegian canoeist. He competed in the four-man 1000 m sprint at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won a gold and a bronze medal, respectively.[1] Between 1966 and 1971 Søby collected two gold and three silver medals in two-man and four-man 10,000 m events at the world and European championships.[2][3][4] - - This article about a Norwegian canoeist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a Norwegian Olympic medalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:35:52 -House! - Wikipedia," - House! is a 2000 British comedy film written by Eric Styles and Jason Sutton and directed by Julian Kemp.[1][2] The film stars Kelly Macdonald, Freddie Jones, Miriam Margolyes and Jason Hughes. - The aging ""La Scala"" bingo hall is administered by Welsh-Italian Giovanni Anzani (Freddie Jones). In its heyday, it was the United Kingdom's biggest bingo hall, but its glory days are gone... and though the facility is run-down, the staff is loyal. Gavin (Jason Hughes) is the cheeky bingo caller. When a large international conglomerate announces they are about to open a huge family entertainment center nearby, promising competition through large payouts for their own bingo competitions, Linda (Kelly Macdonald) comes to the aid of the La Scala using her psychic gift.[1] - Derek Elley of Variety called House! an ""Ealing-style light comedy"", writing that the film was ""helmed with impressive technical finesse"" by director Julian Kemp"" and ""propelled by a knockout performance from Kelly Macdonald"".[1] Praising Jason Sutton's script, he wrote ""none of this would have worked if the characters were simply cutouts and the thesps just mugging along in colorful accents. But Sutton's script, which also makes room for a variety of smaller roles, allows the protags to grow and isn't, as becomes clear later on, simply about winning.""[1] - Angus Wolfe Murray of Eye for Film wrote that in ""the British tradition of little-things-mean-a-lot, House! fits like chips with fish,"" and that the film ""has the feel good factor in spades."" He closes by admiring Sutton's writing and Macdonald's performance.[3] - eFilmCritic.com wrote that the film began with a ""classic Tarantino pastiche"" but became ""soon obvious that this isn't your typical lottery funded mishap"", noting that director Kemp managed to ""inject a sense of life and excitement into the dullest of premises"". They summarized by offering that the film was ""definitely quirky, and no-ones idea of a main-stream [sic] hit, this film has a bit of magic about it.""[4] -",2023-08-26 17:35:56 -Sub judice - Wikipedia,"In law, sub judice, Latin for ""under a judge"", means that a particular case or matter is under trial or being considered by a judge or court. The term may be used synonymously with ""the present case"" or ""the case at bar"" by some lawyers. - In England and Wales, Ireland,[1] New Zealand,[2][3][4] Australia, South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Canada,[5] Sri Lanka, and Israel it is generally considered inappropriate to comment publicly on cases sub judice, which can be an offence in itself, leading to contempt of court proceedings. This is particularly true in criminal cases, where publicly discussing cases sub judice may constitute interference with due process. - Prior to 1981, the term was correctly used in English law to describe material which would prejudice court proceedings by publication. Sub judice is now irrelevant to journalists because of the introduction of the Contempt of Court Act 1981. Under Section 2 of the Act, a substantial risk of serious prejudice can only be created by a media report when proceedings are active. Proceedings become active when there is an arrest, oral charge, issue of a warrant, or a summons. - In the United States, there are First Amendment concerns about stifling the right of free speech which prevent such tight restrictions on comments sub judice. However, State Rules of Professional Conduct governing attorneys often place restrictions on the out-of-court statements an attorney may make regarding an ongoing case. Furthermore, there are still protections for criminal defendants, and those convicted in an atmosphere of a media circus have had their convictions overturned for a fairer trial. One example is the murder conviction of Sam Sheppard. -",2023-08-26 17:35:59 -Atherton Peak - Wikipedia," - Atherton Peak ( WikiMiniAtlas54°7′S 36°45′W / 54.117°S 36.750°W / -54.117; -36.750) is a peak rising to about 500 metres (1,600 ft) east of Fortuna Bay, South Georgia. It was charted by Discovery Investigations, 1929–30, and named after Noel Atherton, cartographer in the Admiralty Hydrographic Office at the time, later chief Civil Hydrographic Officer, 1951–62.[1] - - This South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:03 -Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze - Wikipedia,"PZL (Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze - State Aviation Works) was the main Polish aerospace manufacturer of the interwar period, and a brand of their aircraft. Based in Warsaw between 1928 and 1939, PZL introduced a variety of well-regarded aircraft, most notably the PZL P.11 fighter, the PZL.23 Karaś light bomber, and the PZL.37 Łoś medium bomber. - In the post-war era, aerospace factories in Poland were initially run under the name WSK (Transport Equipment Manufacturing Plant), but returned to adopt PZL acronym in late 1950s. This was used as a common aircraft brand and later as a part of names of several Polish state-owned aerospace manufacturers referring to PZL traditions, and belonging to the Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego PZL - PZL Aircraft and Engine Industry Union. Among the better-known products during this period is the PZL TS-11 Iskra jet trainer and PZL-104 Wilga STOL utility aircraft. - After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, these manufacturers became separate companies, still sharing the PZL name. In the case of PZL Mielec, the abbreviation was later developed as Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze - Polish Aviation Works. Over time, most of the now-separate divisions were purchased by foreign concerns, and some continue to use PZL brand. - The PZL - Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze (State Aviation Works) was founded in Warsaw in 1928 as a state-owned company, and was based on the earlier CWL (Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze) - Central Aviation Workshops.[1] First to be produced was a licensed version of a French fighter, the Wibault 70, but from then on the company produced exclusively its own designs. In the next decade a talented designer Zygmunt Puławski designed a series of high-wing, all-metal modern fighters: PZL P.1, P.6, P.7 and P.11. The latter two types were used as basic fighters in the Polish Air Force from 1933 onwards. The last variant, PZL P.24, developed after Puławski's death in an air crash, was exported to four countries. PZL also mass-produced a light bomber, PZL.23 Karaś, and a modern medium bomber, PZL.37 Łoś, as well as building small numbers of sport aircraft (PZL.5, PZL.19, PZL.26), and liaison aircraft (PZL Ł.2); and developing prototypes of passenger aircraft. In the late 1930s the company also developed several prototypes of more modern fighters and bombers — and a passenger airliner, the PZL.44 Wicher. However, World War II prevented these aircraft from entering production. PZL was the largest Polish pre-war aircraft manufacturer. - In 1934, the main factory in Warsaw was named PZL WP-1 (Wytwórnia Płatowców 1 - Airframe Works 1) in the Okęcie district of Warsaw. A new division PZL WP-2 was built in Mielec in 1938-1939, but production was only just starting there at the outbreak of World War II.[1] An engine factory division, PZL WS-1 in Warsaw-Okęcie (Wytwórnia Silników - Engine Works 1), produced mostly licensed versions of British Bristol engines, such as the Bristol Pegasus and the Bristol Mercury. The WS-1 factory was former Polskie Zakłady Skody, the Polish division of Skoda Works, and was nationalized and renamed in 1936. In 1937-1939 a new engine division, PZL WS-2, was built in Rzeszów.[2] - During World War II and the five-year German occupation, all Polish aviation industry was taken over by German firms, and as a result, almost completely destroyed. By the end of the war, all factories were either ruined or robbed of tooling.[3] Despite it, from 1944 there were carried out efforts to design new aircraft, in primitive conditions (first of all, in the LWD). No engines nor suitable production facilities were available at first.[4] The post-war communist government of Poland wanted to break all connections with pre-war Poland[citation needed]: from the late 1940s the name PZL ceased to be used, and new aerospace factories were named WSK (Wytwórnia Sprzętu Komunikacyjnego - Transport Equipment Manufacturing Plant). Under the Soviet-influenced, centrally planned economy, all indigenous projects were abandoned, in a favour of manufacturing Soviet-licensed aircraft.[4] No own designs were produced for a decade, and only in late 1950s, after the stalinist period (1956), did the PZL brand return to designing new aircraft. - The ZPLiS PZL - Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Lotniczego i Silnikowego PZL - PZL Aircraft and Engine Industry Union, which grouped all state-owned aerospace industry factories, was created in following years, but it only enjoyed some economic autonomy from 1973 onwards.[5] It consisted of 19 factories, a research institute, and the Pezetel Foreign Trade Center - CHZ Pezetel, which represented all the Polish aerospace industry abroad (Pezetel being the pronunciation of an abbreviation PZL in Polish).[5] Consequently, in the 1970s some WSK factories also introduced the PZL abbreviation to their names. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, all manufacturers became separate companies, initially state-owned, still sharing the PZL name. - The main factory PZL WP-1 in Warsaw was destroyed during World War II, mostly during the German evacuation in 1944. In 1946, the CSS construction bureau (Centralne Studium Samolotów - Central Aircraft Study) was set up there. As the factory was rebuilt, it was renamed in 1950 as the WSK Nr.4, and in 1956 as the WSK-Okęcie.[6] - It first produced licensed versions of Soviet types and aircraft developed by other Polish companies. From 1958 onwards it started to produce its own designs under the PZL brand, starting with the PZL-101 Gawron. The factory developed mainly light sports, trainer and utility aircraft. An attempt of producing and airliner PZL MD-12 was unsuccessful. The best-known designs are the PZL-104 Wilga utility aircraft, which was produced in larger numbers than any other Polish-designed aircraft; and the PZL-106 Kruk agricultural aircraft. During the 1970s the factory adopted the name WSK ""PZL Warszawa-Okęcie"", which after the fall of the communist system was changed in 1989 to PZL Warszawa-Okęcie. In 2001 the factory was bought by the Spanish company EADS CASA (now part of Airbus Defence and Space) and since then has been known as EADS PZL Warszawa-Okęcie SA. - The PZL WP2 factory in Mielec became a part of Heinkel during the German occupation of Poland, and manufactured parts for German aircraft. After the war the factory was named first PZL No.1 works,[7] then from 1949 WSK-Mielec, and later WSK ""PZL-Mielec"". It became the biggest post-war Polish aircraft producer.[7] It manufactured mostly licensed Soviet types, such as the Antonov An-2 transport biplane and early jet fighters: Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (as Lim-1 and Lim-2) and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 (as Lim-5 and Lim-6). It also produced the Polish-designed TS-8 Bies piston trainer and TS-11 Iskra jet trainer, and the PZL M-15 Belphegor the world's only jet agricultural aircraft. Large numbers of aircraft were exported abroad, mostly to the USSR.[7] From the 1970s onward it produced mostly its own developments of licensed civil aircraft, the best known are the PZL M-18 Dromader agricultural aircraft, which was exported to numerous countries, and the PZL M-28 Skytruck/Bryza light transport aircraft. In 1998 the state factory WSK PZL-Mielec went bankrupt and was changed into the state-owned Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Sp.z o.o. (Polish Aviation Works) (PZL Mielec). - On March 16, 2007, PZL Mielec was purchased by the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a unit of United Technologies Corporation (UTX). It still produces M-18 and M-28 aircraft. - In 1951 a third national aerospace factory, WSK-Świdnik, was built in Świdnik,[8] and in 1957 it was renamed to WSK ""PZL-Świdnik"". Since 1956 it has become one of the world's major helicopter manufacturers, producing helicopters under Soviet licences, starting from the SM-1 (Mil Mi-1).[8] Świdnik was the main producer of the Mi-1 and the exclusive producer of the Mil Mi-2, which was widely used throughout the world. Since the late 1980s, Świdnik has been producing a Polish-designed medium helicopter PZL W-3 Sokół. It also produces a light helicopter, the PZL SW-4 Puszczyk. After 1991 the state factory became a state-owned corporation (WSK ""PZL-Świdnik"" SA). It also produced the SZD-30 Pirat, PW-5 and PW-6 gliders and cooperates widely with other nations' manufacturers, e.g., in the manufacture of Agusta A109 fuselages. - In early 2010 the factory was acquired by AgustaWestland. - Glider manufacturer SZD (Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny - Glider Experimental Works) was created in Bielsko-Biała in 1948. The company grew and had production plants in additional locations, during this process it was renamed several times until it got its name PZL-Bielsko in the 1990s. It was one of the biggest sailplane factories and exported its gliders world-wide.[9] - In 2002 Allstar PZL Glider Sp. z o.o. acquired the production plant in Bielsko-Biala and the Type Certificates of the following SZD sailplanes: SZD-59-1 Acro - a single-seater for aerobatics and cross-country, SZD-54-2 Perkoz – a double-seater training-glider for aerobatic and cross-country, SZD-55-1 Nexus – a single seater glider of the standard class, SZD-51-1 Junior - single seater training glider of the club class, SZD-50 Puchacz - double-seater training-glider and SZD-48-3 Jantar Standard 3 – single-seater glider of standard class. - The company further manufactures and develops the first four SZD-glider models. Allstar PZL Glider is also producing and distributing spare parts for all six types mentioned above. -On the occasion of the air show “Aero” 2019 in Friedrichshafen Allstar PZL Glider has presented its proof-of-concept of a new electric propulsion system for the SZD-55 Nexus. The electric sustainer, developed by the company and named “Allstar-e-motion”, is right now in the advanced certification process. The system will also be available as an assembly kit for retrofitting of existing SZD-55s.[10] - The engine division WS-2 of the PZL was built in Rzeszów in 1937-1939.[2] After the war it still bore a name PZL (Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze) until 1951, when it was renamed WSK-Rzeszów.[11] From 1949 it manufactured Soviet-licensed M-11 engines, later, among others, ASh-62IR, turboshaft engines GTD-350 and Polish jet engines SO-1.[11] The factory was bought by United Technologies in 2002 and changed its name to Pratt & Whitney Rzeszów in 2015.[12] - In 1952 the engine manufacturer WSK-Kalisz was created. It manufactured mostly Soviet-licensed engines, first piston (the Shvetsov ASh-82 and the Ivchenko AI-14) and then jet (the Klimov VK-1). It also produced Polish piston engines, such as the WN-3, and other equipment. In October 1996 it was renamed WSK ""PZL-Kalisz"" and became a corporation (SA). - WSK Warszawa II was created in 1952 in Warsaw as a manufacturer of aircraft parts and military equipment parts. In 1995 it was changed from a state factory to a corporation WSK ""PZL Warszawa II"" SA. -",2023-08-26 17:36:08 -Eva Björk Davíðsdóttir - Wikipedia,"Eva Björk Davíðsdóttir (born 30 June 1994) is an Icelandic handball player for Stjarnan and the Icelandic national team.[2] - She has previously played for the Danish League club Ajax København until 2019.[3] - - This biographical article related to Danish team handball is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:13 -2002 European Athletics Championships – Men's decathlon - Wikipedia," - The men's decathlon competition at the 2002 European Athletics Championships was held on 7 August and 8 August 2002 in Munich, Germany. -",2023-08-26 17:36:18 -EuroSpec - Wikipedia,"EuroSpec, abbreviation for European Specification for Railway Vehicles, is an initiative of several European railway companies with the aim to develop common, explicit technical specifications for train systems and components. The work program includes doors, parking noise, TCMS, seating comfort and the revision of published specifications. The jointly developed specifications support and facilitate the process of purchasing trains. These specifications are not in the competitive domain. The continued application of the EuroSpec methodology and the developed specifications support the standardisation of trains and lead to higher quality, support the development of vehicle platforms and provide significant cost savings. As a basis for developing their specifications, EuroSpec partners have developed a ""Requirement Management"" manual to ensure the necessary consistency between the specifications and their quality. The work started in 2011. -The functional requirements for rail vehicles of the EuroSpec specifications are used in procurement in addition to the technical specifications for interoperability,[1] the EN standards and the national notified technical rules (NNTR).[2] -The EuroSpec consortium does not prepare ""European Standards"" or ""International Standards"" within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012.[3] EuroSpec specifications should therefore be classified as a ""technical specification"". They are increasingly used as input for European Standards and Regulations. - The EuroSpec consortium is composed of six European railway companies and the representation of the railway companies in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland by RSSB. The EuroSpec partners in Europe by RSSB are: - The EuroSpec consortium, as a merger of several legally and economically independent companies that remain for the temporary introduction of an agreed purpose of the operation, has not chosen a legal form and therefore EuroSpec has no official headquarters either. Informally, the headquarters of the incumbent Chair is the location. - The EuroSpec consortium publishes the specifications in English only. The following have been published (some in several versions) and are free to download from the EuroSpec website: - The next EuroSpec specifications are under development: External Passenger Access Doors, Exterior Hatches and Panels, Maintenance Software, Alternative Traction Energy Supply and related infrastructure interfaces – Hydrogen driven systems, Global comfort evaluation, Life cycle costs, Upgradeability, Software updates, Update EuroSpec Wheel with Brake Disks, Update EuroSpec Air conditioning. -",2023-08-26 17:36:21 -Kai Meriluoto - Wikipedia,"Kai Meriluoto (born 2 January 2003) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ekstraklasa club Stal Mielec, on loan from HJK.[1] - Meriluoto was born in Siuntio, Finland,[2] to a Japanese mother and Finnish father. When he was a one-year-old, he moved to Vienne, Isère, France, with his family and lived there for five years before returning to Finland. Meriluoto lived in China from when he was ten years old until he was twelve years old. He has dual citizenship of Finland and Japan, and he speaks Finnish, Japanese, French and English fluently. Meriluoto has an older brother, Aki, who is also a footballer and plays for US Lesquin at the semi-pro level in France.[3] - On 15 February 2022, Meriluoto joined Ilves on loan for the 2022 season.[4] - In April 2023, he extended his contract with HJK until the end of 2025.[5] - On 14 July 2023, Meriluoto joined Polish Ekstraklasa side Stal Mielec on a season-long loan, with an option to make the move permanent.[1] - This biographical article related to association football in Finland, about a forward, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:24 -"Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Kary Theatre, Cinema and Television University - Wikipedia"," - Kyiv National I. K. Karpenko-Karyi Theatre, Cinema and Television University[1] (Ukrainian: Ки́ївський націона́льний університе́т теа́тру, кіно́ і телеба́чення і́мені Іва́на Ка́рповича Карпе́нка-Ка́рого, romanized: Kyivskyi Universytet Teatru, Kino i Telebachennia imeni I. K. Karpenka-Karoho) is the national university specializing exclusively in performing arts and located in Kyiv, Ukraine. It is a multidisciplinary institution that includes a department of theatrical arts and the Institute of Screen Arts. The university has four campuses around the city of Kyiv and a separate student dormitory. The acting rector of university is Inna Kocharian. - The institution was first registered with the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs on 5 March 1899 as a music-drama school, but it only opened in September 1904. On 7 November 1912, the school was named Lysenko Music and Drama School in memory of Mykola Lysenko, who was its first director. The sponsorship came from Mykola Levytsky and Mykhailo Starytsky, a father-in-law of Ivan Steshenko. The school was opened in the building belonging to the professor-psychiatrist I. Sikorsky on 15 Velyka Pidvalna Street (today Yarslaviv Val). Upon the death of Mykola Lysenko, the school chairman became O. Vonsovska, the school's violin instructor, and then pianist Maryana Lysenko, the daughter of M. Lysenko. - In the fall of 1908, the first classes for the Bandura (a Ukraine stringed instrument) were begun at the Lysenko music school, enhancing Kobzarstvo culture. - Each of the students paid 3–4 rubles a month for half-hour lessons. Poor students only paid 2 rubles. After the first 6 months only 17 students were left with 3 financial sponsors. The kobzar-teacher (Ivan Kuchuhura Kucherenko) received a payment of 109 rubles. - In the second half of the year, the group had shrunk and consisted of 6 students (of which 3 were new) and two sponsors who were previously enrolled as students. After 4 months the kobzar-teacher received 38 rubles pay. Consequently, the kobzar at the end of April, not waiting for the end of the academic year left the position and traveled home to Kharkiv. - Ivan Kuchuhura-Kucherenko was a blind man and performed according to his feelings. He had no theoretical education nor did he have any variations in his playing technique. As a consequence it was difficult for sighted students to follow him. Interest in playing the bandura however, at that time had grown so much in some of the students that they were able to overcome these problems. - The hours in which the lessons were held were unfortunately not very convenient - from 9-11 in the morning - and the students were mainly made up of university students or public servants. - Half hour lessons were offered, however, having a teacher without a sound knowledge of teaching methodology, and a systematic approach to teaching could not produce the desired results in the students. - Apart from this there were no inexpensive banduras for the students to purchase. - In an article about the school the following solutions were suggested: - In 1916-1917, the theatrical studio of Les Kurbas was opened at the institute. At the end of 1918, the chairman of artistic affairs and national culture, Petro Doroshenko, signed the document to transform the school into the Higher music-drama school of Mykola Lysenko. During 1919-1920, the first rector of the school was Felix Blumenfeld. - Sometime during the Russian Civil War, the Bolshevik government approved the request to move the school to 45 Velyka Volodymyrivska Street (today it is the Palace of Scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). - The school was moved again to 52 Khreshchatyk, a place it has rented from the local municipal administration since 1922. Mykola Hrinchenko was the rector of the school from 1924-1928. - The university was temporarily merged with the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in Moscow during the occupation of Kyiv in World War II between 1941 and 1943. - Many graduates, teachers, and students of the institute did not return from the war fronts. Their names are carved on memorial plaques installed in the 1960s in two different buildings of the Institute: on Yaroslavov Val Street, 40, and on Khreschatyk Street, 52. In November 1943, the Institute moved from Moscow to Kharkov, where a separate State Theater Institute was established, and in the summer of 1944, it was reevacuated to Kiev. - The post-war period of the institute's history is marked by important events. It returned from Moscow with a slightly changed name: “Kyiv State Institute of Theatrical Art”, and in 1945, on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of the outstanding Ukrainian playwright and theater figure I.K. Karpenko-Kary, the institute was named after him. - Since 1944, the institute has been training specialists in the specialization of ""theater studies"". - In 1961, a resolution was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR to establish a film faculty at the institute to train personnel in film directing, cinematography, and film studies. In fact, in Ukraine, the training of personnel for cinematography was restored, which was artificially suspended due to the liquidation of the Institute of Cinematography in 1938. This faculty was located in the seventh building of the State Historical and Architectural Reserve ""Kiev-Pechersk Lavra"". Since 1997, the faculty has been housed in the buildings of the Kyiv film studio of chronicle and documentary films on Shchorsa Street, 18. - Since 1964, postgraduate and assistant courses have been functioning at the institute as internships. - In 1965, the institute was given the premises of the former Tereshchenko School of Economics at 40 Yaroslavov Val Street, but the educational process here was established after repairs in 1968. Then, after a long break, the educational theater resumed its work. And in 1986, the institute was provided with non-residential premises for an educational building on Yaroslavskaya Street, 17/22. The construction of a new building of the Institute on Lvovskaya Square, started in 1986, was stopped in 1995 due to a lack of public funds. - In the 1980s-1990s, for the first time in Ukraine, the institute opened specializations such as ""choreography,"" ""announcer and presenter of television programs,"" ""sound engineering,"" ""circus direction,"" and in 2003, ""actor of the puppet theater"" specialization was added. - By the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated April 18, 2003, the Kiev State Institute of Theater Arts named after I.K. Karpenko-Kary was renamed the Kiev State University of Theater, Film and Television named after I.K. Karpenko-Kary. - Now in the staff of the Kiev National University of Theater, Film and Television named after I.K. Karpenko-Kary among 188 full-time teachers - 11 doctors of science professors, 27 professors without a scientific degree of doctor of science, 67 candidates of science and associate professor, 14 people's artists, 20 honored figures arts, an honored worker of science and technology, 10 honored artists, three honored workers of culture, one honored worker of public education. 15 academicians, 12 corresponding members and one honorary full member of the Academy of Arts of Ukraine graduated from the university in different years, worked and are now working. - Currently, the Kiev National University of Theatre, Film and Television is a highly professional educational institution that offers training in a wide range of licensed creative specialties and specializations. The university provides educational, methodological, research, and professional training for future specialists at two faculties: theatrical art and the art of cinema and television, offering full-time, evening, and correspondence forms of education. The Academic Council of the University, the administration, three dean's offices, fourteen departments, an educational theater, and an educational cinema and television complex are responsible for organizing these activities. - -  WikiMiniAtlas50°27′14″N 30°30′25″E / 50.45389°N 30.50694°E / 50.45389; 30.50694 - This Ukrainian university, college or other education institution article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:28 -"Kastania, Pieria - Wikipedia","Kastania (Greek: Καστανιά) is a village in Pieria, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pydna-Kolindros, of which it is a municipal community.[2] The 2011 census recorded 249 residents in the village.[1] - This Central Macedonia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:32 -Volkstheater Millowitsch - Wikipedia,"The Volkstheater Millowitsch, also known as the Millowitsch-Theater, was a medium-sized theatre in Cologne, Germany where popular, low-brow comedies were performed.[1] - The Millowitsch family had been active in theatre before ownership of this building with a tradition dating back to 1792. With the onset of the Great Depression and the ensuing inflation, Peter Millowitsch was forced to abandon the family’s old theatre and tour Cologne and the surrounding area, until in 1936 they finally moved into the new theatre in Aachener Straße. - In 1940 Willy Millowitsch took charge of the theatre. During World War II it was damaged, but not too severely, so on September 16, 1945, the theatre was reopened. In the time from 1945–1949 there were daily performances in the theatre, but afterwards the attendance dropped and Millowitsch had to rent out the theatre sometimes. Fortunately, the building doubled as a cinema, so he could still make money with it. - The first live broadcast of a theatrical performance in front of a real audience on German television took place in this theatre. On October 27, 1953 Willy Millowitsch’s Kölsch dialect play Der Etappenhas was broadcast on the Western regional channel WDR. It was immensely successful and just six weeks later was broadcast again, live, from the Millowitsch-Theater. Over the course of the years, over one hundred performances from the Volkstheater Millowitsch were shown on television. - The television plays spawned interest in theatre and the audiences gradually grew and by the 1960s a steady flow of people were teeming in to see Millowitsch’s plays firsthand. He renovated the building in 1967 and the Volkstheater once again became a focal point of local culture. Changing his original concept, Millowitsch turned the theatre from a house just for plays into a venue for local performances of all kinds. Many young dialect artists started their careers there, including the now famous singing groups Bläck Fööss and Höhner. - In 1998 only few months before Willy Millowitsch’s death in 1999, his son Peter Millowitsch took over the running of the establishment. - The Millowitsch-Theater is located at Aachener Straße 5, near the Hahnentor and Rudolfplatz in the centre of Cologne, just by the tramline. It is a medium-sized theatre that can seat up to 383 people. Ticket prices usually range from €19 – €24. -  WikiMiniAtlas50°56′11″N 6°56′13″E / 50.93639°N 6.93694°E / 50.93639; 6.93694 -",2023-08-26 17:36:36 -Data ecosystem - Wikipedia,"A data ecosystem is the complex environment of co-dependent networks and actors that contribute to data collection, transfer and use.[1] They can span across sectors - such as healthcare or finance, to inform one another's practices.[2] A data ecosystem often consists of numerous data assemblages.[3] Research into data ecosystems has developed in response to the rapid proliferation and availability of information through the web, which has contributed to the commodification of data.[1] - Data refers to digitized information that is compressed for efficient transmission.[4] Data is constituted of binary values, expressed as 1 or 0, which allows complex thoughts, images, videos and more to be abstracted.[4] The level of data production and exchange has exploded in recent decades, with government and public agencies freely publishing vast swaths of data, particularly in environmental, cultural, scientific and statistical fields.[1] It has also led to a highly profitable industry for companies that collect, categorize and disseminate data as a tradable resource and operate within the newly defined data ecosystems.[1] - The nature of an ecosystem denotes a symbiotic relationship between elements. Thus, when describing a data environment as an ecosystem, it describes a co-constitutive relationship. Their primary purpose is to create, manage and sustain the sharing of data across platforms and disciplines.[1] Key to this initiative are data intermediaries, which facilitate access to the data, and are categorized into seven types, including data trusts, data exchanges and data platforms.[2][5] A data ecosystem also comprises data providers and consumers, who as their titles denote, provide and consume the data through the intermediaries.[3] - A common example of data ecosystem exists within the realm of web browser. A third-party tracking app on a website (referred to as cookies) acts as an intermediary by collecting and organizing data. The web browser becomes the data provider, as it shares a user's information as they navigate through different websites. The websites themselves become consumers as they utilize the tracking information to tailor content based on user behaviour.[6] - As mentioned, data ecosystems can span across sectors, for example, a client's medical data is shared with an insurance company to calculate a premium. The point of an ecosystem is that all actors within the shared environment are contributing to a common resource or knowledge-base.[1] - Data ecosystems possess three major characteristics: network, platform, and co-evolution.[1] Network loosely refers to the groups of data and technology developers, providers, and resellers.[1] The platform, then, is the service, tool or platform that is collaboratively used by the network of actors.[1] The platform provides the interface for the actors to produce their shared product or service.[1] The final characteristic refers to how the different actors and platform enable one another to evolve or improve upon itself.[1] The metaphorical use of the term ecosystem intrinsically demands that all parties involved are mutually benefited by their engagement. That would be the betterment or evolution of their own functioning, which leads to positive outcomes for the larger ecosystem. Again, to use the example of a web browser – the third-party tracking app collects data to help websites evolve their content strategies, which then provide more accurate user data to third-party trackers in an endless feedback loop.[6] - Within the broad landscape of a data ecosystem are numerous data assemblages. An assemblage is described as interconnected socio-technical systems that work in tandem with one another for a common purpose.[3] These systems encompass the technological, political, financial and best practices that sustain the collection, transfer, and dispersion of data.[8] The below table demonstrates the common elements of a data assemblage which facilitate and govern datafication. - A data ecosystem contains numerous data assemblages, as each actor within the system have their own sets of tangible and non-tangible elements for their operation. Web browsers as data providers have their own assemblages of hardware, software, servers, finances, infrastructure, practices, etc. Each website that consumes the data and the broader companies that they represent similarly present an assemblage of systems. And the intermediary tracking sites which collect and sell the data operate within their own assemblage. It is possible that different assemblages may share elements within the broader ecosystem, or have individual elements, such as opposing hardware or platforms, that come into conflict.[9] For example, a web browser may include ad blockers which conflict with the third-party trackers that attempt to scrape a user's data. - The rise of data ecosystems is part and parcel with the development of big data. Big data is an emerging trend in science and technology that tracks and defines almost all human engagement.[10] It is defined by the following five properties: - Big data consists of massive amounts of information, which could be terabytes or petabytes.[8] - Big data is produced rapidly, and exchanged in real-time.[8] - Big Data are extremely diverse, constituting numerous fields of study, and with extensive practical applications.[8] - Big data has inherent value due to the potential application of the data and the political economy in which it operates.[11] - Big data must be considered accurate and of high-quality. This can be difficult, as information may be incomplete or wrong, but there should be a level of trust that the collection of the data was done with the intention of being truthful.[11] - The main concern or critique of data ecosystems relates to privacy. Who has access to the data, either implicitly or explicitly? How is that data secured? How is it being used, and perhaps monetized? The non-profit organization Cloud Secure Alliance (CSA) categorizes the security challenges of Big Data Ecosystems into four groups; infrastructure security, data privacy, data management, and integrity and relative security.[citation needed] - In the case of a web browser, website and third-party tracking operation, there is a clear financial incentive for why data is collected and how it is used. But there is also a level of surveillance that occurs in this scenario, that perhaps goes unnoticed. Rob Kitchin terms this as 'dataveillance,' a result of the datafication of everyday life which allows for highly accurate and continuous tracking of our locations and activities.[3] Who else, besides those trackers and websites, has access to the data being collected, and is it used for more nefarious purposes? In the case of US states that have banned access to abortions, there's concern that these data ecosystems can be harnessed to penalize citizens that seek services out of state.[12] -",2023-08-26 17:36:40 -Conoides - Wikipedia," - Conoides is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Cambrian Period,[1] which lasted from approximately 542 to 488 million years ago. - - This Ptychopariida-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:44 -Teinoptila ingens - Wikipedia," - Teinoptila ingens is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Burundi. - - This article on a moth of the family Yponomeutidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:48 -John Bartlett Angel - Wikipedia,"John Bartlett Angel CM (June 12, 1913 – January 10, 1993), born in St. John's, Newfoundland, was the recipient of the Order of Canada for his work in the improvement of education and welfare in Newfoundland through his voluntary service to the province. - Angel is the fourth-generation president of the United Nail and Foundry Company Limited. Angel's mother was Mary Elizabeth Bartlett, sister of Captain Robert Bartlett. - Angel was a member of the following northern expeditions on the Effie M. Morrissey: - These are some of the other accomplishments and awards that Angel has received: - This biographical article about a Canadian activist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:52 -Profound Desires of the Gods - Wikipedia,"Profound Desires of the Gods or Deep Desires of Gods or Kuragejima – Legends from a Southern Island (神々の深き欲望, Kamigami no Fukaki Yokubō) is a 1968 Japanese film by director Shohei Imamura. The culmination of the director's examinations of the fringes of Japanese society throughout the 1960s, the film was an 18-month super-production which failed to make an impression at the time of its release, but has since risen in stature. - Presenting a vast chronicle of life on the remote Kurage Island, the film centres on the disgraced, superstitious, interbred Futori family and the Tokyo engineer sent to supervise the creation of a new well for a sugar mill on the island – an encounter which leads to both conflict and complicity in strange and powerful ways.[1] - The film was Japan's submission to the 42nd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.[3] - This article related to a Japanese film of the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:36:54 -Mary Louise Lester - Wikipedia,"Mary Louise Lester (January 19, 1919 – December 20, 1977), later known as Mary Louise Luster,[1] was an American infielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m), 138 lb, Lester batted and threw right-handed. She was born in Nashville, Tennessee.[2] - Mary Louise Lester was one of the original founding members of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in its 1943 inaugural season.[3] - In 1943, Lester attended the final tryouts of the league at Wrigley Field. Once the final cut was made, Lester and another 59 of the 280 girls who tried out were chosen to become the first women to ever play professional baseball. She was relocated to the Kenosha Comets,[4] playing for them one year before joining the South Bend Blue Sox[5] in the 1944 season. - Lester was used as a backup infielder, serving primarily as a backup at second base while hitting a .186 average in 112 career games. She could not be reached after leaving the league in 1944.[2][6] - Mary Louise Lester is part of Women in Baseball, a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She died in Nashville on December 20, 1977, at the age of 58.[7] - Batting - Fielding - [2][6] -",2023-08-26 17:36:58 -Bennett Brook Railway - Wikipedia," - The Bennett Brook Railway is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge tourist oriented railway operated by the West Australian Light Railway Preservation Association and is located within the boundaries of Whiteman Park, 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Perth. - The Western Australian Light Railway Preservation Association (WALRPA) was formed on 26 April 1976 by a group of rail enthusiasts who shared an interest in less well known railways of Western Australia.[1] - Following the closing of the Lake View and Star Gold Mine in Kalgoorlie in the mid-1970s, four of the founding members purchased the railway's first locomotive - an LV&S 'Planet' Locomotive (which still operates at the railway - the Atlantic Planet). The Planet was first located at a member's Perth Hills property on 17 September 1976. - In 1977, the group proposed to develop a railway at Whiteman Park. Five submissions were received in total, 3 for a 610 mm (2 ft) railway, one for a 7+1⁄4 in (184 mm) railway, similar to the railway located at Castledare, and finally a submission to re-locate the Australian Railway Historical Society. - From 1977 to 1982, referred to as the negotiation period, the group also submitted proposals for an operational railway to El Caballo Blanco in Wundowie, The Maylands Peninsula Redevelopment, the former Upper Darling Range Railway (From Kalamunda to Goosberry Hill, and a Mandurah tourist development. - The closure of the Bristile & Wunderlich Brickworks in Belmont saw the donation of a number of hoppers and other rail items. The railway acquired a locomotive and a number of hoppers from the Maylands Brickworks. - In 1982, development and restoration continued in the Perth Hills, until 16 August, when the WALRPA was advised by Metropolitan Region Planning Authority that their submission for a 610 mm (2 ft) railway at Whiteman Park had been successful. On 18 September 1982, the first equipment was placed at Whiteman Park. - In 1983, two former Whiteman Brick locomotives - ""Ridley 2"" and ""Yellow Rose"" were acquired. - In June, the C passenger wagons (built on the Maylands Brickworks hoppers) and the Maylands locomotive were moved to Whiteman Park, hauling the first work train on 9 July, and the Planet Locomotive followed on 11 August. - Track laying began on 18 January 1984, and reached ""Central"" Station on 18 November the same year. Also in 1984, the WALRPA purchased the former Claisebrook railway station to be placed at Central Station (The building arrived in March of that year), acquired a 60 ft Turntable from Midland Workshops, and in March they were notified of their success in a tender for two SAR NG15 steam locomotives (#118 & #123). - 8 December 1984 was the official opening of the Bennett Brook Railway, and Peter Dowding MLA (The Patron of the Organisation), with some assistance, drove the first passenger train out of Central Station.[2] - The railway operates passenger services primarily on weekends, public holidays and school holidays, with some midweek services during school terms. - Held biannually, the railway runs a Friends of Ashley Day (formerly known as Friends of Thomas the Tank Engine),[3] which sees most of the railway's volunteers, locomotives and passenger carriages in operation. This is usually held in May and September which sees the start and end of the railway's steam season. - Enthusiast's days are also held occasionally. They are held in winter so there are no restrictions on steam operations. Most operating engines are involved in interesting freight and passenger trains. - September to May is fire season, so diesel engines will operate all services. - May to September is steam season, steam engines may operate weekend services when available and diesel engines will operate all other services. - Dates are approximate and are dependent on park conditions and approval. - returning to steam in 2022 - Overhaul in progress - Powered by a Holden Red 6 Cylinder Engine and an automatic car transmition - All fitted with Jones couplers - ZB wagon, built by BBR on an ex WAGR ZB First Class Coach (ZB213) Chassis. Green Brake van with First Class Compartment and Baggage Compartment - All fitted with link and pin couplers - Air braked - All Wagons are fitted with Jones couplers, unless said otherwise. - For more information, please Visit the BBR Pages [1][2] - At the Bennett Brook Railway, all buildings used on the line (with the exclusion of the yards) are former WAGR/Westrail Station Buildings. - Whiteman Village Junction Station houses the former station buildings from Claisebrook Station (Platform 1/Ticket Office), Subiaco Station (Platform 2/3, Party Room), and Signal cabins from Subiaco and Fremantle (Both are currently not operational). Down at Mussel Pool: The station building is from Nungarin (And was transported to BBR in 1989 with assistance from the Australian Army's 22nd Construction Squadron. There are also two signal Cabins, Collie (No longer operational, now located at parker siding), and Cottesloe, which is fully operational located at the northern end of the Mussel Pool platform. - Located at Mussel Pool, the original Cottesloe Cabin (1897 - 1931) is in place on the Station Platform, and is fully operational. In the Cottesloe Cabin, stands the former Wagin Lever frame, with 15 levers, this frame turned out to be the perfect size for the Mussel Pool Station. 13 of the 15 levers in the frame are used, for 3 sets of points & Locks, and 12 Signals. The cabin is used mostly on weekends during run-arounds at Mussel Pool station, however during large events the cabin is used to assist sorting and preparing trains at the start of the event. - BBR uses the Staff and Ticket System for section authority on the Bushland Loop (Red Staff) and electric staff (Yellow) on Mussel Pool Branch. To travel on a section of line, the driver of a locomotive must be in possession of the relevant Staff. Using staff and ticket, in the case of multiple trains needing to use 1 section of track, the Staff unlocks a box located in the signal cabins at each end of the section, which hold the tickets. A ticket would be filled out and given to the driver of the lead consist, who would also be shown the staff. After the average time to complete the section has passed, the second train can depart the station, proceeding with caution in case the train ahead has broken down, holding both the staff (or another ticket) and a notice of train ahead. - In 1997 an Electric Staff system was introduced on the Mussel Pool to Whiteman Village Junction section, with staff instruments located in the signal cabins at both stations. At the same time a wired telephone line was introduced between the two stations, using telegraph poles. With electric staff working, the driver carries a staff withdrawn from the staff machine thereby locking the machines at each end of the line from releasing another staff. When the train reaches the end of the section, the staff is placed in the machine at the terminating end and both machines are unlocked allowing another staff to be removed. - BBR has recently completed installation of electric point motors on all mainline points, electrically operated semaphore signals at the north end and searchlight coloured light signals at the southern end of Whiteman Village Junction. Operation of the points and signals are controlled from cubicles located at ground level. Work has now started on the configuration of the elevated signal cabin (ex Subiaco) to control train movements at Whiteman Village Junction. Once completed, the cabin will be able to be switched in as required disconnecting the ground level cubicles. -  WikiMiniAtlas31°50′43″S 115°56′38″E / 31.8452°S 115.944°E / -31.8452; 115.944 (Bennett Brook Railway) -",2023-08-26 17:37:03 -History of women's rugby union matches between New Zealand and the United States - Wikipedia,"New Zealand and the United States clashed for the first time at the inaugural 1991 Rugby World Cup in Wales; the Eagles handed the Black Ferns their first defeat in the semi-final with a score of 7–0. They also faced each other in three separate World Cups — 1998, 2014 and 2017. At the 2014 World Cup they met twice, in the pool stages and in the fifth place playoff. - The Eagles hosted the Black Ferns for the first time at Soldier Field in Chicago, it was part of a Rugby Weekend triple header. The United States were trounced 67–6 by the Black Ferns.[1][2] They met at the 2022 Pacific Four Series in New Zealand where the Black Ferns clinched their first series title after beating the Eagles 50–6 in the final match.[3][4] - The Black Ferns extended their winning streak to 15 after defeating the Eagles at the 2023 Pacific Four Series in Canada.[5][6] -",2023-08-26 17:37:06 -Lipstick (1960 film) - Wikipedia,"Il rossetto (internationally released as Lipstick) is a 1960 Italian crime-drama film directed by Damiano Damiani in his feature film debut, after two documentaries and several screenplays.[1] The film's plot was loosely inspired by actual events.[1] Pietro Germi reprised, with very slight modifications, the character he played in Un maledetto imbroglio.[2] - This article related to an Italian film of the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:37:09 -2011 Nordic Opening - Wikipedia,"The 2011 Nordic Opening was the 2nd edition of the Nordic Opening, an annual cross-country skiing event. The three-day event was the second competition round of the 2011–12 FIS Cross-Country World Cup, after Sjusjøen, Norway. - The winners of the overall standings were awarded 200 World Cup points and the winners of each of the three stages were awarded 50 World Cup points. - A total of 350 points was possible to achieve if one athlete won all three stages and the overall standings. -",2023-08-26 17:37:13 -2012 Czech Senate election - Wikipedia,"Senate elections for a third of the Senate were held in the Czech Republic on 12 and 13 October 2012,[1] with a second round of voting on 19 and 20 October. - This Czech Republic-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This European election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:37:17 -Direct-sequence spread spectrum - Wikipedia," - - In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a spread-spectrum modulation technique primarily used to reduce overall signal interference. The direct-sequence modulation makes the transmitted signal wider in bandwidth than the information bandwidth. -After the despreading or removal of the direct-sequence modulation in the receiver, the information bandwidth is restored, while the unintentional and intentional interference is substantially reduced.[1] - Swiss inventor, Gustav Guanella proposed a ""means for and method of secret signals"".[2] With DSSS, the message symbols are modulated by a sequence of complex values known as spreading sequence. Each element of the spreading sequence, a so-called chip, has a shorter duration than the original message symbols. The modulation of the message symbols scrambles and spreads the signal in the spectrum, and thereby results in a bandwidth of the spreading sequence. The smaller the chip duration, the larger the bandwidth of the resulting DSSS signal; more bandwidth multiplexed to the message signal results in better resistance against narrowband interference.[1][3] - Some practical and effective uses of DSSS include the code-division multiple access (CDMA) method, the IEEE 802.11b specification used in Wi-Fi networks, and the Global Positioning System.[4][5] - Direct-sequence spread-spectrum transmissions multiply the symbol sequence being transmitted with a spreading sequence that has a higher rate than the original message rate. Usually, sequences are chosen such that the resulting spectrum is spectrally white. Knowledge of the same sequence is used to reconstruct the original data at the receiving end. This is commonly implemented by the element-wise multiplication with the spreading sequence, followed by summation over a message symbol period. This process, despreading, is mathematically a correlation of the transmitted spreading sequence with the spreading sequence. In an AWGN channel, the despreaded signal's signal-to-noise ratio is increased by the spreading factor, which is the ratio of the spreading-sequence rate to the data rate. - While a transmitted DSSS signal occupies a wider bandwidth than the direct modulation of the original signal would require, its spectrum can be restricted by conventional pulse-shape filtering. - If an undesired transmitter transmits on the same channel but with a different spreading sequence, the despreading process reduces the power of that signal. This effect is the basis for the code-division multiple access (CDMA) method of multi-user medium access, which allows multiple transmitters to share the same channel within the limits of the cross-correlation properties of their spreading sequences. -",2023-08-26 17:37:19 -1928–29 Manchester City F.C. season - Wikipedia," - The 1928–29 season was Manchester City's 34th season of competitive football and 22nd season in the top division of English football.[1] In addition to the First Division, the club competed in the FA Cup. - - Source: [1] -",2023-08-26 17:37:22 -Gilbert Anselme Girouard - Wikipedia," - Gilbert Anselme Girouard (October 26, 1846 – January 13, 1885) was a general merchant and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Kent in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1883 as a Liberal-Conservative member. - He was born in Ste-Marie de Buctouche, New Brunswick, and educated at St. Joseph's College in Memramcook. He taught school briefly in Sainte-Marie-de-Kent before becoming a general merchant in Buctouche in 1870. In 1872, he married Sophia Baker. Girouard resigned his seat in 1883 to accept the position of customs collector for Richibucto. He died of tuberculosis in Buctouche at the age of 38. - - This article about a New Brunswick politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:37:27 -TurboGrafx-16 - Wikipedia," - The TurboGrafx-16, known as the PC Engine[a] outside North America, is a home video game console designed by Hudson Soft and sold by NEC Home Electronics. It was the first console marketed in the fourth generation, commonly known as the 16-bit era, though the console has an 8-bit central processing unit (CPU) coupled with a 16-bit graphics processor. It was released in Japan in 1987 and in North America in 1989. In Europe, the console is known as the PC Engine,[2] after the Japanese model was imported and distributed in the United Kingdom[3] and France from 1988. In Japan, the system was launched as a competitor to the Famicom, but the delayed United States release meant that it ended up competing with the Sega Genesis and later the Super NES. - The console has an 8-bit CPU and a dual 16-bit graphics processing unit (GPU) chipset consisting of a video display controller (VDC) and video color encoder. The GPUs are capable of displaying 482 colors simultaneously, out of 512. With dimensions of just 14 cm × 14 cm × 3.8 cm (5.5 in × 5.5 in × 1.5 in), the Japanese PC Engine is the smallest major home game console ever made.[4][5] Games were released on HuCard cartridges and later the CD-ROM optical format with the TurboGrafx-CD add-on. The ""16"" in its North American name and the marketing of the console as a 16-bit platform despite having an 8-bit CPU was criticized by some as deceptive.[6] - In Japan, the PC Engine was very successful. It gained strong third-party support and outsold the Famicom at its 1987 debut, eventually becoming the Super Famicom's main rival.[7] However, the TurboGrafx-16 failed to break into the North American market and was a commercial failure, which has been blamed on the delayed release and inferior marketing.[8] In Europe, the Japanese models were grey market imported, modified, and distributed in France and the United Kingdom beginning in 1988,[3] but an official PAL model (named simply ""TurboGrafx"" without the ""16"") planned for 1990 was cancelled following the disappointing North American launch with the already-manufactured stock of systems liquidated via mail-order retailers.[7] - At least 17 distinct models of the console were made, including portable versions and those that integrated the CD-ROM add-on.[9] An enhanced model, the PC Engine SuperGrafx, was rushed to market in 1989. It featured many performance enhancements and was intended to supersede the standard PC Engine. It failed to catch on—only six titles were released that took advantage of the added power and it was quickly discontinued. The final model was discontinued in 1994. It was succeeded by the PC-FX, which was released only in Japan and was not successful. - The PC Engine was created as a collaborative effort between Hudson Soft, who created video game software, and NEC, a company which was dominant in the Japanese personal computer market with their PC-88 and PC-98 platforms. NEC lacked the vital experience in the video gaming industry and approached numerous video game studios for support. By pure coincidence, NEC's interest in entering the lucrative video game market coincided with Hudson's failed attempt to sell designs for then-advanced graphics chips to Nintendo. The two companies successfully joined to then develop the new system.[5] - The PC Engine made its debut in the Japanese market on October 30, 1987, and it was a tremendous success. The PC Engine had an elegant, ""eye-catching"" design, and it was very small compared to its rivals.[8] This, coupled with a strong software lineup and third-party support from high-profile developers such as Namco and Konami gave NEC a temporary lead in the Japanese market.[5] The PC Engine sold 500,000 units in its first week of release.[10] - The CD-ROM expansion was a major success for the CD-ROM format, selling 60,000 units in its first five months of release in Japan.[11] By 1989, NEC had sold over 1.2 million consoles and more than 80,000 CD-ROM units in Japan.[12] - In 1988, NEC decided to expand to the American market and directed its U.S. operations to develop the system for the new audience. NEC Technologies boss Keith Schaefer formed a team to test the system. They found out that there was a lack of enthusiasm in its name ""PC Engine"" and also felt its small size was not very suitable to American consumers who would generally prefer a larger and ""futuristic"" design. They decided to call the system the ""TurboGrafx-16"", a name representing its graphical speed and strength and its 16-bit GPU. They also completely redesigned the hardware into a large, black casing. This lengthy redesign process and NEC's questions about the system's viability in the United States delayed the TurboGrafx-16's debut.[8] - The TurboGrafx-16 was eventually released in the New York City and Los Angeles test markets in late August 1989. However, this was two weeks after Sega of America released the Sega Genesis with a 16-bit CPU to test markets. Unlike NEC, Sega did not waste time redesigning the original Japanese Mega Drive system, making only slight aesthetic changes.[13][8] - The Genesis quickly eclipsed the TurboGrafx-16 after its American debut. NEC's decision to pack-in Keith Courage in Alpha Zones, a Hudson Soft game unknown to western gamers, proved costly as Sega packed-in a port of the hit arcade title Altered Beast with the Genesis. NEC's American operations in Chicago were also overhyped about its potential and quickly produced 750,000 units, far above actual demand. This was very profitable for Hudson Soft as NEC paid Hudson Soft royalties for every console produced, whether sold or not. By 1990, it was clear that the system was performing very poorly and NEC could not compete with Nintendo and Sega's marketing.[8] - In late 1989, NEC announced plans for a coin-op arcade video game version of the TurboGrafx-16. However, NEC cancelled the plans in early 1990.[14] - In Europe, the console is known by its original Japanese name PC Engine, rather than its American name TurboGrafx-16.[2] PC Engine imports from Japan drew a cult following, with a number of unauthorized PC Engine imports available along with NTSC-to-PAL adapters in the United Kingdom during the late 1980s. In 1989, a British company called Mention manufactured an adapted PAL version called the PC Engine Plus. However, the system was not officially supported by NEC.[15][16][3] From November 1989 to 1993, PC Engine consoles as well as some add-ons were imported from Japan by French importer Sodipeng (Société de Distribution de la PC Engine), a subsidiary of Guillemot International. This came after considerable enthusiasm in the French press. The PC Engine was largely available in France and Benelux through major retailers. It came with French language instructions and also an AV cable to enable its compatibility with SECAM television sets. - After seeing the TurboGrafx-16 falter in America, NEC decided to cancel their European releases. Units for the European markets were already produced, which were essentially US models modified to run on PAL television sets. NEC sold this stock to distributors; in the United Kingdom, Telegames released the console in 1990 in extremely limited quantities.[7][8] - By March 1991, NEC claimed that it had sold 750,000 TurboGrafx-16 consoles in the United States and 500,000 CD-ROM units worldwide.[17] - In an effort to relaunch the system in the North American market, in mid-1992 NEC and Hudson Soft transferred management of the system in North America to a new joint venture called Turbo Technologies Inc. and released the TurboDuo, an all-in-one unit that included the CD-ROM drive built in. However, the North American console gaming market continued to be dominated by the Genesis and Super NES, which was released in North America in August 1991. In May 1994, Turbo Technologies announced that it was dropping support for the Duo, though it would continue to offer repairs for existing units and provide ongoing software releases through independent companies in the U.S. and Canada.[18] - In Japan, NEC had sold a total of 5.84 million PC Engine units as of 1995[update][19][20] and 1.92 million CD-ROM² units as of March 1996[update].[21] This adds up to a total of more than 6.59 million PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 units sold in Japan and the United States as of 1995[update], and 1.92 million CD-ROM² units sold in Japan. The final licensed release for the PC Engine was Dead of the Brain Part 1 & 2 on June 3, 1999, on the Super CD-ROM² format. - The CD-ROM² is an add-on attachment for the PC Engine that was released in Japan on December 4, 1988. The add-on allows the core versions of the console to play PC Engine games in CD-ROM format in addition to standard HuCards. This made the PC Engine the first video game console to use CD-ROM as a storage media. The add-on consisted of two devices – the CD player itself and the interface unit, which connects the CD player to the console and provides a unified power supply and output for both.[22][23] It was later released as the TurboGrafx-CD in the United States in November 1989, with a remodeled interface unit in order to suit the different shape of the TurboGrafx-16 console.[24] The TurboGrafx-CD had a launch price of $399.99 and did not include any bundled games.[25] Fighting Street and Monster Lair were the TurboGrafx-CD launch titles;[26] Ys Book I & II soon followed. - In 1991, NEC introduced an upgraded version of the CD-ROM² System known as the Super CD-ROM², which updates the BIOS to Version 3.0 and increases buffer RAM from 64 KB to 256 KB. This upgrade was released in several forms: the first was the PC Engine Duo on September 21, a new model of the console with a CD-ROM drive and upgraded BIOS/RAM already built into the system. This was followed by the Super System Card released on October 26, an upgrade for the existing CD-ROM² add-on that serves as a replacement to the original System Card. PC Engine owners who did not already own the original CD-ROM² add-on could instead opt for the Super-CD-ROM² unit, an updated version of the add-on released on December 13, which combines the CD-ROM drive, interface unit and Super System Card into one device. - On March 12, 1994, NEC introduced a third upgrade known as the Arcade Card (アーケードカード, Ākēdo Kādo), which increases the amount of onboard RAM of the Super CD-ROM² System to 2MB. This upgrade was released in two models: the Arcade Card Duo, designed for PC Engine consoles already equipped with the Super CD-ROM² System, and the Arcade Card Pro, a model for the original CD-ROM² System that combines the functionalities of the Super System Card and Arcade Card Duo into one. The first games for this add-on were ports of the Neo-Geo fighting games Fatal Fury 2 and Art of Fighting. Ports of World Heroes 2 and Fatal Fury Special were later released for this card, along with several original games released under the Arcade CD-ROM² standard. By this point, support for both the TurboGrafx-16 and Turbo Duo was already waning in North America; thus, no North American version of either Arcade Card was produced, though a Japanese Arcade Card can still be used on a North American console through a HuCard converter. - Many variations and related products of the PC Engine were released. - The PC Engine CoreGrafx is an updated model of the PC Engine, released in Japan on December 8, 1989. It has the same form factor as the original PC Engine, but it changes the color scheme from white and red to black and blue and replaces the original's radio frequency-output connector with a composite video AV port. It also used a revised CPU, the HuC6280A, which supposedly fixed some minor audio issues. A recolored version of the model, known as the PC Engine CoreGrafx II, was released on June 21, 1991. Aside from the different coloring (light grey and orange), it is nearly identical to the original CoreGrafx except that the CPU was changed back to the original HuC6280. - The PC Engine SuperGrafx, released on the same day as the CoreGrafx in Japan, is an enhanced variation of the PC Engine hardware with updated specs. This model has a second HuC6270A (VDC), a HuC6202 (VDP) that combines the output of the two VDCs, four times as much RAM, twice as much video RAM, and a second layer/plane of scrolling. It also uses the revised HuC6280A CPU, but the sound and color palette were not upgraded, making the expensive price tag a big disadvantage to the system. As a result, only five exclusive SuperGrafx games and two hybrid games (Darius Plus and Darius Alpha were released as standard HuCards which took advantage of the extra video hardware if played on a SuperGrafx) were released, and the system was quickly discontinued. The SuperGrafx has the same expansion port as previous PC Engine consoles, but requires an adapter in order to utilize the original CD-ROM² System add-on, due to the SuperGrafx console's large size. - The PC Engine Shuttle was released in Japan on November 22, 1989, as a less expensive model of the console, retailing at ¥18,800. It was targeted primarily towards younger players with its spaceship-like design and came bundled with a TurboPad II controller, which is shaped differently from the other standard TurboPad controllers. The reduced price was made possible by removing the expansion port from the back, making it the first model of the console that was not compatible with the CD-ROM² add-on. However, it does have a slot for a memory backup unit, which is required for certain games. The RF output used on the original PC Engine was also replaced with an A/V port for the Shuttle. - The PC Engine Shuttle was also distributed in South Korea. It was released in 1990 by Daewoo Electronics. - The PC Engine GT is a portable version of the PC Engine, released in Japan on December 1, 1990, and then in the United States as the TurboExpress. It can play only HuCard games. It has a 2.6-inch (66 mm) backlit, active-matrix color LCD screen, the most advanced on the market for a portable video game unit at the time. The screen contributed to its high price and short battery life, however, which hurt its performance in the market. It also has a TV tuner adapter as well as a two-player link cable. - -The PC Engine LT is a model of the console in a laptop form, released on December 13, 1991, in Japan, retailing at ¥99,800. The LT does not require a television display (and does not have any AV output) as it has a built-in flip-up screen and speakers, just as a laptop would have, but, unlike the GT, the LT runs on a power supply. Its expensive price meant that few units were produced compared to other models. The LT has full expansion port capability, so the CD-ROM² unit is compatible with the LT the same way as it is with the original PC Engine and CoreGrafx. However, the LT requires an adapter to use the enhanced Super CD-ROM² unit. NEC Home Electronics released the PC Engine Duo in Japan on September 21, 1991, which combined the PC Engine and Super CD-ROM² unit into a single console. The system can play HuCards, audio CDs, CD+Gs, standard CD-ROM² games and Super CD-ROM² games. The North American version, the TurboDuo, was launched in October 1992. - Two updated variants were released in Japan: the PC Engine Duo-R on March 25, 1993, and the PC Engine Duo-RX on June 25, 1994. The changes were mostly cosmetic, but the RX included a new 6-button controller. - The PC-KD863G is a CRT monitor with built-in PC Engine console, released on September 27, 1988, in Japan for ¥138,000. Following NEC's PCs' naming scheme, the PC-KD863G was designed to eliminate the need to buy a separate television set and a console. It output its signals in RGB, so it was clearer at the time than the console which was still limited to RF and composite. However, it has no BUS expansion port, which made it incompatible with the CD-ROM² System and memory backup add-ons. - The X1-Twin was the first licensed PC Engine-compatible hardware manufactured by a third-party company, released by Sharp in April 1989 for ¥99,800.[27] It is a hybrid system that can run PC Engine games and X1 computer software. - Pioneer Corporation's LaserActive supports an add-on module which allows the use of PC Engine games (HuCard, CD-ROM² and Super CD-ROM²) as well as new ""LD-ROM²"" titles that work only on this device. NEC also released their own LaserActive unit (NEC PCE-LD1) and PC Engine add-on module, under an OEM license.[28] A total of eleven LD-ROM2 titles were produced, with only three of them released in North America. - Outside North America and Japan, the TurboGrafx-16 console was released in South Korea by a third-party company, Haitai, under the name Vistar 16. It was based on the American version but with a new curved design. Daewoo Electronics distributed the PC Engine Shuttle in the South Korean market as well.[29] - The TurboGrafx-16 uses a Hudson Soft HuC6280 CPU—an 8-bit CPU running at 7.16 MHz paired with two 16-bit graphics processors, a HuC6270 video display controller and a HuC6260 video color encoder.[30] It includes 8 KB of RAM, 64 KB of Video RAM, and the ability to display 482 colors at once from a 512-color palette. The sound hardware, built into the CPU, includes a programmable sound generator running at 3.58 MHz and a 5-10 bit stereo PCM. - TurboGrafx-16 games use the HuCard ROM cartridge format, thin credit card-sized cards that insert into the front slot of the console. PC Engine HuCards have 38 connector pins. TurboGrafx-16 HuCards (alternatively referred to as ""TurboChips"") reverse eight of these pins as a region lockout method. The power switch on the console also acts as a lock that prevents HuCards from being removed while the system is powered on. The European release of the TurboGrafx-16 did not have its own PAL-formatted HuCards as a result of its limited release, with the system instead supporting standard HuCards and outputting a PAL 50 Hz video signal.[8] - In Japan, the PC Engine was originally sold with a standard controller known simply as the Pad. It has a rectangular shape with a directional pad, two action buttons numbered ""I"" and ""II"", and two rubber ""Select"" and ""Run"" buttons, matching the number of buttons on the Famicom's primary controller (as well as a standard NES controller). Another controller known as the TurboPad was also launched separately with the console, which added two ""Turbo"" switches for the I and II buttons with three speed settings. The switches allow for a single button press to register multiple inputs at once (for instance, this allows for rapid fire in scrolling shooters). The TurboPad became standard-issue with the TurboGrafx-16 in North America, as well as subsequent models of the PC Engine in Japan starting with the PC Engine Coregrafx, immediately phasing out the original PC Engine Pad. - All PC Engine and TurboGrafx-16 consoles only have one controller port; in order to use multiple controllers on the same system and play multiplayer games, a separate peripheral, known in Japan as the MultiTap and in North America as the TurboTap, was required, which allowed up to five controllers to be plugged into the system. The Cordless Multitap was also available exclusively in Japan, sold as a set with a single Cordless Pad, with additional wireless controllers available separately. - Due to using different diameter controller ports, PC Engine controllers and peripherals are not compatible with TurboGrafx-16 consoles and vice versa. The TurboDuo would revert to using the same controller port that the PC Engine uses, resulting in new TurboDuo-branded versions of the TurboPad and TurboTap peripherals, known as the DuoPad and the DuoTap respectively, to be made. An official TurboGrafx-16/Duo Adapter was also produced, which was an extension cable that allowed any TurboGrafx-16 controller or peripheral to be connected into the TurboDuo console (as well as any PC Engine console as a side effect). - Many peripherals were produced for both the TurboGrafx-16 and PC Engine. The TurboStick is a tabletop joystick designed to replicate the standard control layout of arcade games from the era. Other similar joystick controllers were produced by third-party manufacturers, such as the Python 4 by QuickShot and the Stick Engine by ASCII Corporation. The TurboBooster attached to the back of the system and allowed it to output composite video and stereo audio. Hudson released the Ten no Koe 2 in Japan, which enabled the ability to save progress in compatible HuCard titles. In 1991, NEC Avenue released the Avenue Pad 3, which added a third action button labelled ""III"" that could be assigned via a switch to function as either the Select or Run button, as many games had begun to use one of those for in-game commands. The Avenue Pad 6 was released in 1993 in conjunction with the PC Engine port of Street Fighter II: Champion Edition, adding four action buttons numbered ""III"" through ""VI""; unlike the three-button pad, these buttons did not duplicate existing buttons, and instead added new functionalities in compatible titles. Another six-button controller, the Arcade Pad 6, was released by NEC Home Electronics in 1994, replacing the TurboPad as the bundled controller of the PC Engine Duo-RX (the last model of the console). - A total of 686 commercial games were released for the TurboGrafx-16. In North America, the system featured Keith Courage in Alpha Zones as a pack-in game, a conversion of the PC Engine title Mashin Eiyuuden Wataru. The PC Engine console received strong third-party support in Japan, while the TurboGrafx-16 console struggled to gain the attention of other developers. Hudson brought over many of its popular franchises, such as Bomberman, Bonk, and Adventure Island, to the system with graphically impressive follow-ups. Hudson also designed and published several original titles, such as Air Zonk and Dungeon Explorer. Compile published Alien Crush and Devil's Crush, two well-received virtual pinball games. Namco contributed several high-quality conversions of its arcade games, such as Valkyrie no Densetsu, Pac-Land, Galaga '88, Final Lap Twin, and Splatterhouse, as did Capcom with a port of Street Fighter II': Champion Edition. - A large portion of the TurboGrafx-16's library is made up of horizontal and vertical-scrolling shooters. Examples include Konami's Gradius and Salamander, Hudson's Super Star Soldier and Soldier Blade, Namco's Galaga '88, Irem's R-Type, and Taito's Darius Alpha, Darius Plus and Super Darius. The console is also known for its platformers and role-playing games; Victor Entertainment's The Legendary Axe won numerous awards and is seen among the TurboGrafx-16's definitive titles. Ys I & II, a compilation of two games from Nihon Falcom's Ys series, was particularly successful in Japan. Cosmic Fantasy 2 was an RPG ported from Japan to the United States that earned Electronic Gaming Magazine RPG of the year in 1993.[31] - In Japan, the PC Engine was very successful, and at one point it was the top-selling console in the nation.[32] In North America and Europe, the situation was reversed, with both Sega and Nintendo dominating the console market at the expense of NEC. Initially, the TurboGrafx-16 sold well in the U.S., but eventually, it suffered from a lack of support from third-party software developers and publishers. - In 1990, ACE magazine praised the console's racing game library, stating that, compared to ""all the popular consoles, the PC Engine is way out in front in terms of the range and quality of its race games.""[33] Reviewing the Turbo Duo model in 1993, GamePro gave it a ""thumbs down"". Though they praised the system's CD sound, graphics, and five-player capability, they criticized the outdated controller and the games library, saying the third-party support was ""almost nonexistent"" and that most of the first party games were localizations of games better suited to the Japanese market.[34] In 2009, the TurboGrafx-16 was ranked the 13th greatest video game console of all time by IGN, citing ""a solid catalog of games worth playing,"" but also a lack of third-party support and the absence of a second controller port.[35] - The controversy over bit width marketing strategy reappeared with the advent of the Atari Jaguar console. Mattel did not market its 1979 Intellivision system with bit width, although it used a 16-bit CPU.[6] - In 1994, NEC released a new console, the Japanese-exclusive PC-FX, a 32-bit system with a tower-like design. It was a commercial failure, leading NEC to abandon the video game industry. - Emulation programs for the TurboGrafx-16 exist for several modern and retro operating systems and architectures. Popular and regularly updated programs include Mednafen and BizHawk. - In 2006, a number of TurboGrafx-16 (TurboChip/HuCARD), TurboGrafx-CD (CD-ROM²) and Turbo Duo (Super CD-ROM²) games were released on Nintendo's Virtual Console download service for the Wii,[36] and later the Wii U, and Nintendo 3DS, including several that were originally never released outside Japan.[37][38] In 2011, ten TurboGrafx-16 games were released on the PlayStation Network for play on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable in the North American region. - In 2010, Hudson released an iPhone application entitled ""TurboGrafx-16 GameBox"" which allowed users to buy and play a number of select Turbo Grafx games via in-app purchases.[39] - The 2012 JRPG Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory features a character, known as Peashy, that pays homage to the console. - In 2016, rapper Kanye West's 8th solo album was initially announced to be titled ""Turbo Grafx 16"".[40][41] The album, however, was eventually scrapped. - In 2019, Konami announced at E3 2019 and at Tokyo Game Show 2019 the TurboGrafx-16 Mini,[42] a dedicated console featuring many built-in games.[43] On March 6, 2020, Konami announced that the TurboGrafx-16 Mini and its peripheral accessories would be delayed indefinitely from its previous March 19, 2020 launch date due to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupting supply chains in China.[44][45][46] It was released in North America on May 22, 2020, and released in Europe on June 5, 2020. -",2023-08-26 17:37:30 -Tripwire (novel) - Wikipedia," - Tripwire is the third book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child. It was published in 1999 by Putnam in America and Bantam in the United Kingdom. It is written in the third person. In the novel, retired military police officer Jack Reacher becomes embroiled in a mystery involving a Vietnam War veteran who was reported missing in action, but who has resurfaced as a vicious loanshark with a secret he will murder to protect.[3] - The prologue describes Victor Truman ""Hook"" Hobie's carefully planned escape route in the event of somebody discovering his ""really big, well-guarded secret"". His ""early-warning system"" consists of geographically-located ""tripwires"" that will warn him that he has been discovered. The first is eleven thousand miles from his home in the United States and the second is six thousand miles out. His response to their activation would be to tie up loose ends, cash in, transfer his assets, and flee the country. Over thirty years of quiet success have made him feel somewhat secure. But he did not expect both alerts to arrive on the same day. - The story then begins with Jack Reacher working two jobs in Key West (digging pools with a shovel by day and working in a bar at night) and bumping into a private investigator, Costello, who happens to be looking for him on behalf of a client named Mrs. Jacob, a name Reacher does not recognise. Later on, while Reacher is working his night job as a bouncer in a strip club, two suspicious-looking large men also make inquiries about his location. Reacher attempts to follow them but instead finds Costello murdered on the sidewalk. Jack then flies to New York to find out why Costello was looking for him and why he was killed for it. - After finding Costello's office seemingly untouched, Reacher's suspicion is aroused by an unsaved document open on the secretary's computer. Searching through the files on the computer Reacher gets the contact information for Mrs. Jacob and arrives in the middle of a funeral for his old mentor, former commanding officer, and friend, General Leon Garber. Garber's now-adult daughter, Jodie Garber-Jacob, turns out to be the mystery client. She has become a successful lawyer. - Reacher and Jodie follow Costello's trail, uncovering information on her father's last project, an investigation for the Hobie family on the whereabouts of their son Victor, a helicopter pilot reported missing-in-action decades ago in Vietnam. They discover that the Hobies had been tricked into giving their life savings to a con man and gun runner named Rutter, who poses as a fake military liaison and investigator to families of MIA soldiers. Hobie becomes aware of their investigation, and tries to hunt them down. After forcing Rutter to return the money he stole, Reacher and Jodie visit the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, which leads them to the military Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii, a special facility that identifies the forensic remains of soldiers. - They then learn that Hobie served in the war as a helicopter pilot until he was shot down. However, it becomes clear that Hobie died in the crash, and that another soldier named Carl Allen assumed his identity in order to escape prosecution for fragging a superior officer. Severely burned by the crash, Allen left his own dogtags behind to fool investigators and had his right hand, lost in the helicopter crash, replaced with a hook. - Under his new identity, Allen amasses a fortune as an illicit ""moneylender"", before establishing himself as a legitimate businessman who offers high-interest loans to financially troubled firms unable to borrow from banks. However, his real objective is to seize control of their assets, using threats and torture to force his clients to agree to his terms. Despite being aware that Reacher's investigation could expose his crimes, Allen decides to complete one final job: the takeover of a bankrupt multimillion-dollar company owned by Chester and Marilyn Stone. Allen and his men take the couple hostage, but Marilyn is able to stall them before her husband signs over his company. - Jodie is called back to New York by her law firm to handle the Stone deal, but ends up being captured by Allen along with another private investigator posing as the Stone's lawyer, forcing Reacher to come to her rescue. Reacher manages to kill Allen and his men, but sustains a seemingly fatal bullet wound to his chest. At the hospital, however, a doctor discovers that, due to the arduous physical labour he has done digging pools in Key West, his pectoral muscle was so thick the bullet did not make it past his rib cage. Reacher is then visited (while convalescing) by the Hobie family to thank him for restoring their son's good name. - Jodie Garber-Jacob, 30, is the daughter of General Leon Garber. She met and fell in love with Reacher when she was 15 and was off-limits to him. In Tripwire, she is divorced, using her married name, working as a corporate attorney and reunites romantically with him after her father's funeral. She and Reacher lived together in New York City and upstate New York in Leon's house which was left in his will to Reacher, his surrogate son. She is mentioned in Echo Burning as having moved to Europe. She appears in Tripwire, and The Visitor (Running Blind in the United States). - The bullet wound that Reacher received is mentioned a few times in other Lee Child novels. -Most of the women that Reacher sleeps with notice the ""crater"" and usually place their pinkie there while asking how it happened. -In One Shot Reacher sums up the story by saying it was a wound received by a ""Mad Man"" and that most women are curious about it except for the one whom he was saving at the time. - Lee Child began writing Tripwire in spring 1997.[4] The book was published on 15 June 1999 in the United Kingdom[1] and the American publication followed on 28 June of the same year.[2] - The reasoning for the opening of the book taking place in Key West was a vacation Child spent there in 1996.[4] - The provisional title for Tripwire was The Hook, but that name was scrapped as Putnam believed the title was not ""punchy"" enough.[5] Putnam also believed The Hook would remind people too much of Peter Pan.[6] - Tripwire received positive reviews from critics, with The Orlando Sentinel calling it ""a thriller good to the last drop"" and The Arizona Daily Star saying ""Lee Child can write. [...] Child grabs hold with the first page and won't let go until the finish. This is pulse-pounding suspense, and Child hardly misses a beat."" The book was also praised by fellow authors, with Michael Connelly saying ""It's a tightly-drawn and swift thriller that gives new meaning to what a page-turner should be."" Stephen White also commented, calling Tripwire a ""stylish thriller.""[7] -",2023-08-26 17:37:34 -Podzámčok - Wikipedia,"Podzámčok (Hungarian: Dobróváralja) is a village and municipality of the Zvolen District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia. -  WikiMiniAtlas48°30′N 19°07′E / 48.500°N 19.117°E / 48.500; 19.117 - - This Banská Bystrica Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:37:37 -Belvedere Crossing - Wikipedia," - The Belvedere Crossing was a proposed River Thames crossing in East and South East London, running between Rainham in the London Borough of Havering and Belvedere in the London Borough of Bexley. - Plans for the crossing, as well as the Gallions Reach Crossing further upstream, were dropped when Sadiq Khan became Mayor of London in 2016.[1] - Each crossing was expected to consist of two lanes in each direction – one for public transport and one for general traffic. A charge was proposed for vehicles to use the crossings to manage demand and help pay for the scheme. Any pedestrian and cyclist facilities would be segregated from traffic. [2] - It was considered that the crossing could be integrated into the railway network, most likely by continuing the London Overground Gospel Oak to Barking Line extension to Barking Riverside across the river via the new crossing, and connecting to national rail lines at Abbey Wood.[3] - - This article about transport in London is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:37:41 -59th Street (Manhattan) - Wikipedia," WikiMiniAtlas40°45′51″N 73°58′23″W / 40.7642908724°N 73.9730390°W / 40.7642908724; -73.9730390 - 59th Street is a crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from York Avenue and Sutton Place on the East Side of Manhattan to the West Side Highway on the West Side. The three-block portion between Columbus Circle and Grand Army Plaza is known as Central Park South, since it forms the southern border of Central Park. The street is mostly continuous, except between Ninth Avenue/Columbus Avenue and Columbus Circle, where the Time Warner Center is located. While Central Park South is a bidirectional street, most of 59th Street carries one-way traffic. - 59th Street forms the border between Midtown Manhattan and Upper Manhattan. North of 59th Street, the neighborhoods of the Upper West Side and Upper East Side continue on either side of Central Park. On the West Side, Manhattan's numbered avenues are renamed north of 59th Street: Eighth Avenue (at Columbus Circle) becomes Central Park West; Ninth Avenue is renamed Columbus Avenue; Tenth Avenue is renamed Amsterdam Avenue; and Eleventh Avenue becomes West End Avenue. - 59th Street forms the border between Midtown Manhattan and Upper Manhattan. The New York Times stated in 2004 that ""Fifty-ninth Street stretches across Manhattan like a belt, with Central Park South as its fancy buckle.""[1] As with numbered streets in Manhattan, Fifth Avenue separates 59th Street into ""east"" and ""west"" sections.[2] - 59th Street is one-way westbound between the West Side Highway (at the Hudson River) and Ninth/Columbus Avenues. There is a one-block gap between Ninth/Columbus Avenues and Eighth Avenue/Central Park West at Columbus Circle. This section is occupied by Time Warner Center.[2] - The portion of the street forming the southern boundary of Central Park from Columbus Circle on the west to Fifth Avenue on the east is known as Central Park South. Central Park South is largely bidirectional,[2] except for the short block between Grand Army Plaza and Fifth Avenue, which is one-way eastbound. The block between Sixth Avenue and Grand Army Plaza contains a dedicated lane for westbound equestrian traffic.[3] Entry into Central Park can be made at the Scholars' Gate at Fifth Avenue, the Artists' Gate at Sixth Avenue, the Artisans' Gate at Seventh Avenue, and the Merchants' Gate at Columbus Circle.[2] - The section between Fifth Avenue and Second Avenue is one-way eastbound. At Second Avenue, 59th Street branches off onto the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge, which is often referred to as the 59th Street Bridge.[4] 59th Street continues east to York Avenue and Sutton Place, just short of the East River. The remaining two and a half blocks are bidirectional traffic; the westbound lane of 59th Street is funneled onto the Queensboro Bridge just east of the intersection with Second Avenue.[2] - 59th Street was created under the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 as one of the minor east-west streets across Manhattan.[5] The ""59th Street"" name initially applied to the entirety of the street between the Hudson and East Rivers. The addresses on Central Park South follow those of what had been West 59th Street.[6] - The construction of Central Park in the 1860s and 1870s led to the development of upscale hotels, apartments, and other institutions on this section of 59th Street in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[6][7]: 3 [8]: 12  The original Plaza Hotel, the Hawthorne, and the Navarro Flats were all developed in the 1880s and 1890s, though all were subsequently demolished. Even after a city zoning law was passed in 1885, banning residential structures over 80 feet (24 m) tall, residential hotels and standard hotels continued to be developed on this part of West 59th Street, as they were exempted from the zoning codes.[7]: 3 [8]: 12–13  The three blocks of 59th Street bordering Central Park were renamed after the park in 1896.[6] During the first two decades of the 20th century, the new Plaza Hotel, the old New York Athletic Club building, and Gainsborough Studios were built on Central Park South. This was followed by 100 Central Park South, a new New York Athletic Club building, Barbizon Plaza, Hampshire House, Essex House, Hotel St. Moritz, and 240 Central Park South between World Wars I and II.[7]: 4 [8]: 13  - Historically, West 59th Street ran from Ninth/Columbus Avenues to Columbus Circle as well. In 1954, that city block of 59th Street was decommissioned to make way for the New York Coliseum complex.[9] The Coliseum, in turn, was demolished and replaced with Time Warner Center in the early 2000s.[10] - 59th Street is served by the following New York City Subway stations: - The Roosevelt Island Tramway terminates at Second Avenue near 59th Street and extends eastward to Roosevelt Island. - The New York Central Railroad's 59th Street station, a never-opened railroad station, exists on Park Avenue, which now carries the Park Avenue main line of the Metro-North Railroad.[12] Currently, the station is used as an emergency exit for the Metro-North Railroad in the Park Avenue Tunnel.[13] - Notes -",2023-08-26 17:37:45 -2010 Vodacom Cup - Wikipedia," - The 2010 Vodacom Cup was contested from 26 February to 7 May. The 2010 Vodacom Cup is the 13th edition of this annual domestic cup competition. The Vodacom Cup is played between provincial rugby union teams in South Africa from the Currie Cup Premier and First Divisions, as well as two invitational teams, the Welwitschias from Namibia and the Pampas XV from Argentina. - The following teams took part in the 2010 Vodacom Cup competition: - 2010 Vodacom Cup Fixtures -",2023-08-26 17:37:49 -Marc Forgione - Wikipedia,"Marc Forgione is an American chef who competed in Food Network's Iron Chef America and is now the owner of Restaurant Marc Forgione in Tribeca, New York City. He was born on December 16, 1978 and raised in Bellerose, New York. Chef Forgione won the season three of The Next Iron Chef in 2010.[1] - Marc began his career at the age of 16, joining his father, Larry Forgione, in the kitchen at An American Place. Marc fully embraced his father's livelihood and has built on his unique culinary foundation to carve out an identity of his own.[2] Marc is related to Francesco Forgione, a Catholic saint, who is a great, great uncle of his father Larry.[3] - Marc opted for a traditional four-year education at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he graduated from the School of Hotel and Restaurant Management. He spent his summers working the line at restaurants in New York, with chef Kazuto Matsusaka. These stints would lay the groundwork for Marc's post-collegiate toils, again alongside his father at An American Place and later under Patricia Yeo at AZ. When Yeo and celebrated chef Pino Maffeo opened Pazo, they took Marc along to serve as sous chef at the short-lived eatery. When Laurent Tourondel set out to develop his flagship, BLT Steak, he recruited Marc as his sous chef. - To diversify his experience, Marc left for France, where he secured a series of humble posts under Michel Guerard in Eugenie Les Bains. He worked at three of the region's restaurants, Le Pres D'Eugenie, Ferme aux Grives and Le Cuisine Minceur.[4] - When he returned to New York, Marc reunited with Tourondel, who invited him to serve as chef de cuisine at BLT Prime. Following his role as chef de cuisine, Marc was named corporate chef for the BLT Restaurant Group, a position that enabled him to develop recipes and maintain the quality of the BLT brand as it went on to include more restaurants across the country. Marc has played a key role in the openings of BLT Fish and BLT Market, as well as the Washington, D.C., San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Dallas locations of BLT Steak.[citation needed] - Marc received a star in the Michelin Guide New York City 2012, making him the youngest American-born chef to receive the honor in consecutive years (2010, 2011, 2012). In addition, Marc received a two-star review from Sam Sifton of The New York Times.[5] - The restaurant also earned the distinction of being named ""Key Newcomer"" by Zagat Guide 2009, ""Top 25 Restaurants in NYC"" by Modern Luxury magazine, and ""All-Star Eatery"" by Forbes. Marc was awarded the ""Star Chefs Rising Star of the Year Award 2010,"" named ""Rising Star 2008"" by Restaurant Hospitality, and mentioned ""New Formalist"" by Esquire in 2008. - In January 2012, Marc announced he would be opening a new steakhouse at the Revel Resort & Casino in Atlantic City called American Cut.[6] - In summer 2013 he partnered with Executive Chef Soulayphet Schwader to open Khe-Yo,[7] a Laotian-inspired restaurant using local market ingredients. - Chef Marc Forgione opened his second outpost (and the flagship location) of American Cut in New York City in September 2013.[8] - Chef Forgione's first cookbook, Marc Forgione: Recipes and Stories from the Acclaimed Chef and Restaurant[9] was published in late April 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. -",2023-08-26 17:37:53 -Lily Braun - Wikipedia,"Lily Braun (2 July 1865 – 8 August 1916), born Amalie von Kretschmann, was a German feminist writer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). - She was born in Halberstadt, in the Prussian province of Saxony, the daughter of Hans von Kretschmann [de], General of the Infantry in the Prussian Army, and his wife Jenny, née von Gustedt (1843–1903). Her maternal grandmother, the writer Jenny von Gustedt (1811–1890), was an illegitimate daughter of Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother who was King of Westphalia, and his mistress Diana Rabe von Pappenheim. Lily Braun's great-niece, Marianne von Kretschmann, married Richard von Weizsäcker, President of Germany from 1984 to 1994. - Raised according to the Prussian virtues of order and discipline at changing places throughout her father's military career, she nevertheless developed a direct and open personality, encouraged in particular by her grandmother Jenny von Gustedt [de]. She was considered to be highly ambitious, and her family provided her with a broad education by numerous private teachers. From an early age on, she began to question her parents' bourgeois values as influenced by Lutheranism and Calvinism as well the position of women in Prussian society. When her father retired in 1890, she had to establish a sustainable livelihood herself. - From 1893 Lily Braun was briefly married to Georg von Gizycki [de], a professor of philosophy at the Frederick William University in Berlin, who was associated with the Social Democratic Party without however being a member. Together with him she was involved in the ethical movement, which sought to establish a system of morality in place of the traditional religions. Also, she became concerned with the ideas of socialism and the feminist movement, working as a journalist for the feminist newspaper Die Frauenbewegung [de] (The Women's Movement) issued by Minna Cauer. - After her first husband's death, she married in 1896 Heinrich Braun, who was a Social Democratic politician and a publicist. The couple had one son, Otto Braun [de], a highly talented poet who was killed at the Western Front in the last months of World War I. - Lily Braun joined the SPD at an early age and became one of the leaders of the German feminist movement. Within the party, she belonged to the revisionist opposition within the SPD, which did not believe in the theories of historical materialism, but aimed for a gradual change in society, rather than a socialist revolution. Her attempts to mediate between proletarian and bourgeois feminist circles were heavily criticised; likewise, her proposals on reconciliation of family and working life were rejected. Her answers to the woman question were especially slammed by socialist authors like Clara Zetkin, while middle-class circles considered her ideas too radical. - Like her fellow political activist Helene Stöcker, Lily Braun was strongly influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche; she and her husband wanted the SPD to focus on the development of personality and individuality instead of levelling everybody. Women should have their own personality and should not have to be only regarded as (future) mothers and wives. She wanted economic freedom for women and advocated new types of personal relations up to the abolition of legal marriage. - Deeply concerned about the fate of her son, Lily Braun died in Zehlendorf (today part of Berlin) from the consequences of a stroke at the age of 51, in the midst of World War I. After her death, her second husband Heinrich Braun married Julie Braun-Vogelstein,[1] who was also the editor of Lily Braun's Collected Works.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:37:56 -Aylon - Wikipedia,"Aylon Darwin Tavella (born 7 April 1992), known simply as Aylon, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Ituano. - Born in Esteio, Rio Grande do Sul, Aylon began his career at Sport Club Internacional. He had his first senior call-up on 14 November 2013, remaining an unused substitute as they lost 2–1 at Clube Atlético Mineiro in the year's Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, and repeated the feat three days later in a 3–1 loss at Goiás Esporte Clube. - The following 18 January, he scored on his senior debut in a 2–0 home win over Esporte Clube São Luiz in the first game of the year's Campeonato Gaúcho.[1] Eight days later, in the first minute of the game, he scored in a 2–1 win at Esporte Clube Passo Fundo.[2] He totalled two goals in six games as Inter won the title. - On 25 May 2014, Aylon made his national league debut, replacing Valdívia for the final 12 minutes of a 3–1 home loss to Esporte Clube Cruzeiro; his only other appearance of the season was on 7 September, when he came on in added time at the end of a 3–2 loss to Figueirense FC at the Estádio Beira-Rio. - On 16 January 2015, Aylon was loaned to Paysandu Sport Club for the year. He made his debut for the team from Belém on 21 February, playing the full 90 minutes of a 2–0 home win over Santos Futebol Clube (AP) in the first round of the year's Copa Verde (3–1 aggregate). He scored his first goal for the team on 7 March in the next round, opening a 4–1 win over Nacional-AM at the Estadio Leonidas Sodre de Castro.[3] Aylon also represented the Papão in the year's Série B, scoring four goals in 28 games, including two on 13 November in a 3–2 home win over Luverdense Esporte Clube.[4] - Chapecoense signed Aylon for the 2019 season.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:38:00 -"Holy Trinity Church, Cuckfield - Wikipedia"," - Holy Trinity Church is an Anglican church in the village of Cuckfield in the district of Mid Sussex; one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. It was founded in the 11th century and was in the possession of Lewes Priory by 1090. The present structure dates from the mid-13th century but was extended in the 14th century and heavily altered and restored during the Victorian period, with much interior work by Charles Eamer Kempe and stained glass by both Kempe and the Clayton and Bell firm. The church's spire was replaced in 1981 following a fire. Former chapels of ease in outlying hamlets have closed, and the church now serves a large rural area in the centre of Sussex. It is protected as a Grade I listed building. - From his base at the episcopal see of Selsey, which he founded, the 7th-century bishop Wilfrid converted many of the pagan inhabitants of the Kingdom of the South Saxons (present-day Sussex) to Christianity. Primitive wooden or wattle and daub churches were built throughout the kingdom, especially in forest clearings. The village of Cuckfield is thought to have been founded at one such clearing in the dense forest of Andredesweald, which covered much of the north of Sussex; so a church may have existed in the village from about the 8th century, when Wilfrid's mission penetrated that part of the kingdom.[1] - A church was not recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. The first documented evidence for a settlement and church at Cuckfield came c.1090, when the church was in the possession of Lewes Priory, England's first Cluniac house.[2][3] The reported date of this record varies, but William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey is consistently recording as holding the church.[1][2][3][4][5] He died in 1088,[6] so dates of 1090, 1091 or 1092 reported in some sources may not be correct. The influence of de Warenne and his wife Gundred on the Cuckfield area extended beyond passive ownership: having founded Lewes Priory, they built and lived in Lewes Castle and established a hunting lodge on land at Cuckfield.[1][6] They may also have built the church itself, rather than merely taking possession of it on behalf of their priory.[1] (Cuckfield is about 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Lewes, and was in the Rape of Lewes: one of the six pre-Norman subdivisions of Sussex.)[2] The exact date of the church's founding is not known: although it was not recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, details of churches were only recorded haphazardly in that survey, and many pre-1086 churches in Sussex are missing from it.[5] - In 1091, de Warenne's son William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey reaffirmed the grant of the church, the buildings in the village and all its tithes to the priory. A copy of this charter is held in the British Museum in London.[1] Records of further confirmation of this arrangement survive from the 1120s (from Ralph de Luffa, Bishop of Chichester ) and the end of the 12th century (by Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey).[1] - The Norman-era building, which had existed in the late 11th century, was probably a simple two-cell structure with nave and chancel.[2] It was rebuilt in about 1250, when the Bishop of Chichester Richard de la Wych (later canonised) made an agreement with Lewes Priory to endow a vicarage and improve the church.[5] At that stage, the priory controlled 39 churches in Sussex.[1][7] He appointed his chaplain Walter de Warnecamp as the church's first parish priest, and put him in charge of the enlargement. The south wall of the Norman chapel was demolished and a three-bay aisle was built in its place, reached through three archways with round columns. The tower at the west end was also started, although it may have reached its full height only in the mid-14th century. The chancel may have been reconfigured as well.[1][2][8] - The church had acquired its much of its present structural form by about 1340 after a decade of rebuilding and enlargement.[2][8][9] Another bay was added at the east end of the nave; arcaded chapels were added to the north and south of the chancel and aligned with the walls of the nave aisles; the height of the nave was increased by the addition of a clerestory below the roofline; and the tower was extended to its present height with a belfry.[2][10] The south aisle of the nave was extended to four bays to match the newly enlarged nave, and another was added on the north side for balance.[11] This was supported on hexagonal piers.[10] Several windows with flat headers and ogee-arched lights also date from this era,[10][11] and the slim, tall spire is believed to be contemporary as well. It is slightly recessed within the castellated parapet of the tower, and is of the broach spire type.[2][8][10][12][13] - The external roofline was changed in the late 15th century: the walls of the aisles were built up, and the roof was brought down in a single sweep from the ridge to the eaves. This work, which had the effect of blocking the quatrefoil windows in the clerestory, was done in conjunction with the installation of a wagon vault ceiling with tie-beams and spandrels.[8][10][14] This substantial oak roof has carved bosses and elaborate moulding on its beams.[13] Further enlargement came in the following century, reflecting Cuckfield's steadily increasing prosperity: a chapel was added at the northeast corner for the use of the locally important Sergison family.[3][10] - The English Reformation of the 16th century, through which Protestantism became established and Catholic-style worship and practices were banished, affected Holy Trinity Church in the same ways as other churches: statues, icons and paintings were removed or destroyed, the internal layout was simplified, Holy Communion rituals were altered, English was used instead of Latin, and objects ranging from hymn-books to the altar had to be stripped out and destroyed in public—often by being burnt.[15] Inventories had to be provided to prove this had been done, and a surviving document produced by Cuckfield's churchwarden in 1620 shows that hardly any objects were then used during services.[16] More disruption came during the English Civil War starting in 1641: Rev. Dr James Marsh, appointed vicar of Cuckfield in 1638, had Royalist sympathies and became one of the thousands of clergymen who were removed from their parishes and had their possessions sequestered. He was sent to prison three times during the war.[17] Although central Sussex escaped the worst of the fighting, Parliamentarians are known to have damaged the church: soldiers broke the stoups, and a large crack in the 13th-century font was reputedly caused by a kick from one of their horses stabled inside the church.[4] - The Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 ended this turbulent period, and more structural work was soon carried out on the church: the spire was shingled and a clock was installed in the tower in 1667.[18] Some minor work had also been carried out in the 1630s: altar rails were installed in 1637, the building was painted, a gallery was added inside and the vicar hung the church's first ring of bells.[19] The weight of the roof necessitated external buttressing of the south aisle at this time as well.[2] The church's present eight bells were cast by Thomas Mears II of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in 1815.[20] - In the 19th century, Cuckfield parish was split, with two new parishes created: in 1848, a year after Benjamin Ferrey built St Mark's Church at Staplefield (paid for by the vicar and parishioners of Holy Trinity Church),[21] it was given its own parish to serve the village,[2][22][23] and in 1865 Haywards Heath was given its own ecclesiastical parish based at George Frederick Bodley's St Wilfrid's Church, completed that year.[22] The rapidly growing town only came into existence after Cuckfield villagers and the church authorities refused to allow the London to Brighton railway line to be built through the village: its planned alignment took it past the east side of the churchyard, but the London and Brighton Railway company moved it 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the east across the unpopulated heathland after which residents gave their approval.[24] - The most wide-ranging structural changes in the building's history took place in the mid-19th century. These were planned by Rev. Thomas Astley Maberly, incumbent for 36 years from 1841, and his curate (and successor as vicar) James Cooper, who joined the parish in 1855. Cooper was a former member of the Ecclesiastical and Architectural Society.[25] In 1839, an unnamed parishioner donated a barrel organ to the church, but its range of music was deemed inadequate. The same parishioner presented a new organ in 1842, which was well received by all and immediately changed the character of worship at the church, which had previously relied on a choir for musical accompaniment.[26] The old font was also restored and repositioned in the church, apparently after being discovered in pieces in the belfry by the vicar.[21] In 1846, a baptistery was formed in one end of the south aisle, some of the windows were reglazed (some with stained glass), a tiled floor was laid and new oak pews were installed.[27] - In 1855, Rev. Maberly commissioned George Frederick Bodley to renovate the church. The comprehensive reconfiguration and rebuilding carried out by him and his pupil Charles Eamer Kempe has given the building a largely Victorian appearance.[3][27] Changes were made in all parts of the church: Bodley installed marble steps and railings in the chancel, raised the floor height in the chancel, installed a new reredos of alabaster (no longer in place), changed the 17th-century triple-deck timber pulpit[3] for a new, smaller version of stone and wood, put in new choir stalls, removed the galleries, opened out one of the arcades in the south aisle which had been partitioned previously, renewed all the floors, lowered the floor in the tower to bring it in line with the rest of the church, re-roofed the south aisle and installed three new windows and removed a chandelier, which was donated to a church in Oxford. More work took place in 1862–63: the vestry was removed from the east end of the south aisle and a Lady chapel took its place;[27] in 1888 the former Sergison chapel was converted into a new vestry.[3] The large east window, designed in 1330 in the Perpendicular style, was replaced by a shorter replica.[27] - Charles Eamer Kempe's association with the church began in 1865, when Bodley commissioned him to paint the wagon vault ceiling, which was still in its unadorned 15th-century state. His work, mostly floral designs in pale colours, is considered to be excellent and well-suited to the shape of the roof.[12][28][29][30][31] He also designed and installed several stained glass windows between 1875 and 1887, for example in the north aisle and west wall,[12][29] and rebuilt the south porch in 1883 using most of the original stonework.[32] Five years earlier, one had been added on the north side by Richard Herbert Carpenter.[10] In the 1870s, the belfry was repanelled and given a new ceiling, the 25,000 shingles on the spire were replaced, a new staircase was built into the belfry and a new clock was installed. The clock of 1667 was saved and installed on the inside wall of the tower.[30] - A war memorial was built in the churchyard and dedicated in 1921. During this work, a 13th-century coin was found in the ground; it was minted at the time the church was being built, and may have been dropped then. A memorial tablet of white marble, listing the names of all Cuckfield residents killed in the First World War, was installed inside the church in 1922.[33] In the same year, repairs were found to be needed to several parts of the building and its fixtures; the Diocese of Chichester provided funds to supplement the offertory, and work started immediately. Repairs to the roof led to the uncovering of the blocked clerestory windows and two others in the chancel, although they were bricked up again in 1933.[10][29][33] The tower was being undermined by ivy growth, and its stonework was repaired in 1925.[34] - Problems afflicted the spire and tower throughout the 20th century. A fire at Easter 1917 was quickly dealt with,[35] but another caused by a lightning strike in July 1945 caused major damage, especially to the bells and the woodwork inside. Six of the eight bells were disabled for 14 months.[36] In 1972, the shingles on the spire were found to need replacement again, and a death watch beetle infestation was found. The weather vane was also found to be dangerous and had to be removed temporarily.[37] Repairs were carried out, but on 1 May 1980 another fire broke out; it was so severe that the spire toppled from the tower after just 15 minutes.[38] A replica was made in two parts at Littlehampton and reassembled on top of the tower in February 1981; the only change, insisted on by the church's insurers, was the insertion of larger louvres to provide easier access from the top of the tower to the spire.[39] - Holy Trinity Church is Gothic in style, combining elements of the Early English and Decorated styles. The plan consists of a chancel with chapels to the north and south, a four-bay nave with aisles to the north and south and porches on each side (approximately level with the second bay from the west end), a west tower with a staircase on the south side, and a vestry (the former Sergison chapel) attached to the north chapel.[2][9][10] It is built entirely of Sussex sandstone,[9] some of which may have been quarried in Cuckfield itself.[40] The roofs are covered with slabs of Horsham stone. The former Sergison chapel has external chamfering and ashlar dressings to its walls.[9] - Most of the windows have stained glass, by either Charles Eamer Kempe or the Clayton and Bell firm. The latter was active throughout Sussex in the late 19th century, and its work features in many churches.[41] A Kempe window, featuring Michael the Archangel,[30] was installed in the west wall of the tower in 1875; he added a Jesse window in the north aisle in 1887[42] and another, known as ‘The Redemption’ next to it in 1889.[29] At least four windows in the church have been attributed to him.[4][30] Clayton and Bell's work, dated 1869 and 1879, is in the south aisle as well as similar dated Clayton and Bell windows in the north aisle.[29] - The churchyard has far-reaching southward views to the South Downs.[43] There are many 17th- and 18th-century gravestones,[2][43] 22 of which are individually protected with Grade II listing.[40] Elsewhere, a rare 19th-century wooden grave marker has been restored to its original condition. An extremely tall, old tree is a dominant feature.[4] The churchyard is entered through two lychgates, both of which are also Grade II listed. One was designed by Charles Eamer Kempe in either 1887[3] or 1893;[44] the structure is entirely of timber, supporting a ""pagoda-shaped"" of Horsham stone tiles topped with an iron cross. There are two arches of unequal width, the wider of which is gated. The gate is dedicated to a parishioner, Caroline Emily Maberley.[44] The other was added in 1911 and stands on a base of sandstone. The roof is laid with Horsham stone tiles. The walls alongside the gate, of sandstone ashlar, are included in the listing. The gate also bears a dedication to a parishioner, Laura Maria Bevan, the wife of Richard Alexander Bevan (""the father of Cuckfield"").[45] The existence of a pair of lychgates at a churchyard is rare.[45] - Enlargement took place in 1855 to accommodate burials from the growing railway town of Haywards Heath, which at that time was still in Holy Trinity's parish. By this time, the churchyard had become a cemetery and was no longer run by the church authorities. More land was acquired for expansion in the 20th century.[22] - The old vicarage, which had been rebuilt in Georgian style in the 1780s, was found to be in poor condition in 1926. Several surrounding farm buildings and a tithe barn were demolished and the vicarage itself was sold in 1937.[22][34] The vicar lived in a Victorian house near the church until 1945, when another house was bought nearby.[22] This in turn fell into disrepair by 1961, but money was raised for repairs.[46] - The old vicarage is now a Grade II listed building.[47] Originally built in the early 17th century, it was comprehensively redesigned and rebuilt between October 1780 and September 1781. Alterations were made in the 19th century. The stuccoed façade has five bays, each with an evenly spaced sash window topped by an architrave with decorative moulding. The door is set below a pediment and fanlight which is obscured by a hood-moulded porch projecting forwards over the steps. The southeast-facing side has a tall 19th-century bow window. Another wing was added to the north in the mid-19th century at the request of Rev. Maberley.[8][48] - Holy Trinity Church was designated a Grade I listed building on 10 September 1951.[9] - The church, standing on the south edge of Cuckfield off the High Street and with long views across the Weald,[7] is ""the focal point of the village"",[49] despite the site being the lowest land in the area (305 feet (93 m) above sea level).[50] - The parish covers a mostly rural area in Mid Sussex. The only settlements are Cuckfield itself and the nearby hamlets of Ansty and Brook Street. Both formerly had chapels of ease of their own.[2] The chapel at Brook Street was dedicated to All Saints[51] and was served by Holy Trinity's curates and their assistants.[52] It was opened in 1879 by the vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Rev. Francis Mount.[32] Services continued to be held there until November 1968, by which time the structure had become unsafe and congregations were declining.[51] The building now houses a picture-framing shop.[53] At Ansty, also in 1879, Rev. Mount opened a tin tabernacle. This was enlarged with a proper chancel in 1883,[51] and on 10 December 1909 it reopened in a new, brick-built form as St John's Chapel after being rebuilt and rededicated as a memorial to a local resident.[54][55] Thoughts of closing the church first arose in 1998, when finding enough clergy and laypeople to run it effectively started to become very difficult, and in January 1999 the proposal was put to worshipers and local residents. Combining its spiritual functions with those of a community centre were considered, but the outcome was the closure and sale of the chapel.[56] The last service took place at Christmas 2000,[57] and the building was converted into a house.[58] - Holy Trinity continues to provide a wide range of services.[59] -",2023-08-26 17:38:04 -Maurice Bellemare - Wikipedia," - Maurice Bellemare, OC (8 June 1912 – 15 June 1989) was a politician in Quebec, Canada. He was known as Le Vieux Lion de la Politique Québécoise (The Old Lion of Quebec Politics) because of his colourful style and his many years of public office. Bellemare was one of the last survivors of the Union Nationale party.[1] - Born in Grand-Mère, Quebec, Bellemare served seven consecutive terms as Member of the Legislative Assembly for the district of Champlain in the Mauricie area. He was a member of the Union nationale and first was elected in the 1944 provincial election at the age of 32, when Maurice Duplessis was put back in office as Premier of Quebec. - Bellemare served as the Deputy Government House Whip, from the 1948 provincial election to 1953, and as the Government House Whip, from 1953 to 1959. - He also was the mayor of Saint-Jean-des-Piles, a small town in the Mauricie area, from 1954 to 1957. - After the Duplessis's death in 1959, Paul Sauvé became Premier. He appointed Bellemare to the Cabinet as Minister without Portfolio. The function is honorary for the most part, but indicates that Bellemare was gaining political clout. Bellemare remained in the Cabinet until the Liberals won a majority in the 1960 election. - As a Member of the Official Opposition, Bellemare was soon considered one of the Lesage administration’s most vocal and most effective critics. - In 1966, the Union Nationale won a majority of seats to the legislature, even though they received fewer votes than the Liberals and Daniel Johnson Sr. became Premier. - Bellemare was appointed to the Cabinet. He served as Minister of Labour from the 1966 election to 1970, Minister of Industry and Commerce from 1966 to 1967 and Government House Leader from 1966 to 1969. - He also served a second term as Mayor of Saint-Jean-des-Piles from 1968 to 1970. - Bellemare did not run for re-election in the 1970 election and temporarily retired from public office. - After Johnson’s death in 1968, Jean-Jacques Bertrand became Leader of the Union Nationale. Under his tenure, the party suffered from internal divisions and lost many of its followers to the emerging Parti Québécois. From 56 seats in the 1966 election, the strength of the party at the legislature went down to 17 seats in the 1970 election. In the 1973 election, a few months after Bertrand’s death and under the leadership of Gabriel Loubier, the party was completely shut out of the legislature for the first time since its founding in 1935. - With the Union Nationale on life support, Bellemare came out of retirement and took over as interim leader until a convention could be held. Against all odds, he won a by-election in the district of Johnson in the Eastern Townships. For more than two years, Bellemare was the only sitting Union Nationale member of the legislature. - A few months before the 1976 election, Rodrigue Biron was chosen as leader and the party was able to get Bellemare and 10 other members elected to the legislature. From 1976 until he retired from provincial politics for good in 1979, Bellemare served as the House Leader of the Union Nationale. - Less than three months after Bellemare's retirement, Biron left the Union Nationale. He eventually joined the governing Parti Québécois, a move of which Bellemare strongly disapproved. Bellemare was a federalist. - Biron's defection to the PQ undermined Bellemare's efforts to rebuild the Union Nationale. In the 1981 election, the party was wiped off the map again. - In the 1985 election, the Union Nationale was running 19 candidates (out of 122) who had no reasonable chance of winning. Bellemare supported the new Progressive Conservative Party of Quebec but later announced that for the first time he would vote Liberal. - From 1981 to 1983, Bellemare was one of the Councillors of the Saint-Jean-des-Piles local government. - In 1983, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition for being ""a politician who always cared about the welfare of working people and served his province and country with enthusiasm, determination and skill"".[2] - In 1989, he died from diabetes at age 77. -",2023-08-26 17:38:08 -Jean Moloise Ogoudjobi - Wikipedia,"M.A. Jean Moloise Ogoudjobi (born 23 October 1985) is a Beninese taekwondo practitioner. - He competed in the men's 58 kg taekwondo event at the 2008 Summer Olympics but was eliminated in the first round by losing to Chutchawal Khawlaor of Thailand 4-2. - - This biographical article related to taekwondo in Benin is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:38:11 -Montopia - Wikipedia,"Montopia was a defunct social role-playing game, the first created by Zynga for mobile devices.[1] Players attempted to uncover the truth about Montopia, a lost monster Utopia while collecting and fusing monsters together to strengthen their abilities.[2] The game was shut down on December 21, 2012.[3] - Montopia was originally launched in early 2012 only in Japan, for Apple iOS and Google Android devices. Montopia was released globally in English for iOS and Android in September 2012 and followed with Traditional Chinese and Korean versions in October 2012.[1] The game was closed on December 21, 2012.[3] - Montopia is a mobile social role-playing game that challenged players to travel with their childhood friend, Milly, across the land of Montopia.[4] Montopia is an island Utopia where mankind and monsters once lived before it was destroyed by a mysterious disaster.[1] The goal of Montopia was for players to collect and train monsters and use them in battles to discover the island’s secrets.[1] - Montopia was free to download on iOS and Android devices.[5] Through in-app purchases, players could buy energy that help them grow stronger and enhance their gameplay.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:38:15 -"Artemyevskaya, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast - Wikipedia","Artemyevskaya (Russian: Артемьевская) is a rural locality (a village) in Gorodetskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2002.[2] - Artemyevskaya is located 39 km northwest of Kichmengsky Gorodok (the district's administrative centre) by road. Rossoulinskaya is the nearest rural locality.[3] - This Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:38:19 -Martin Urra - Wikipedia," - Martin Urra (8 February 1931 - 11 September 2002) was a Filipino basketball player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.[1] - He died in Pasay, Philippines. - - This biographical article relating to a Filipino basketball figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:38:22 -Cheiron Studios - Wikipedia,"Cheiron Studios (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɕɛ̌jrɔn]) was a recording studio located in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 1992 by Denniz PoP and Tom Talomaa, it was famous for being the place where popular music acts of the late 1990s/early 2000s such as Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, Robyn, NSYNC, Britney Spears, and Westlife produced many of their greatest hits. In addition, Cheiron Studios was also a record label (Cheiron Records) in affiliation with BMG for a while, and a music publishing service (Cheiron Songs), although those ventures were abandoned in favour of music production. - After Denniz PoP's death in 1998, Cheiron closed in 2000.[1] Talomaa and Max Martin reformed the company as Maratone, while Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze formed The Location and David Kreuger and Per Magnusson started A Side Productions. The studio is currently owned by Roxy Recordings which also includes the Hanssonic Studios of Anders Hansson. - In 1986 a group of ten Swedish disc jockeys founded ""SweMix"", a remix service, as a response to DiscoNet, Hot Tracks and DMC. Those included Denniz PoP (née Dag ""Dagge"" Volle), René Hedemyr (JackMaster Fax), Sten Hallström (StoneBridge), Emil Hellman (SoundFactory) and Johan Järpsten (JJ). At the beginning they were producing and distributed remixes of tracks without permission, so-called ""bootlegs"", for limited underground distribution on their newly founded Remixed Records.[2] -Though being an underground collective, Remixed Records got noticed by, not only Scandinavia, but also Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. Tom Talomaa, a nightclub owner, got involved and supported the studio with more sophisticated equipment. Artists were dropping by SweMix to get a deal or a production. As a result of the requests, two labels were started: Basement Division for the underground and SweMix Records via Swedish Sonet for commercial records.[3] - SweMix Records signed Swedish dance-acts like Dr. Alban, Kayo, Dayeene, Leila K. and had their first biggest hit with Dr. Alban's ""Hello Afrika"" (produced by Denniz PoP). In 1991 the company was divided and sold Remixed Records to Giovanni Sconfienza, who later converted it into a full-fledged label (releasing artists such as Solid Base and Sonic Dream Collective).[2] The following year SweMix further split up into SweMix Productions and SweMix Records & Publishing. The latter was sold to BMG and taken over by Denniz PoP and Tom Talomaa, who renamed it Cheiron and began working in the studio in 1992.[4] SweMix Productions, however, continued as a production company and a couple of months later StoneBridge made it famous with his remix of Robin S. – ""Show Me Love"", which put Sweden on the international map of club music. - The Danish record company Mega Records sent Denniz PoP a demo tape by a then-unknown band called Ace of Base. The song on the tape was called ""Mr. Ace"" was written by American singer songwriter Angelo Negron and although at first Denniz was not particularly impressed, the tape got stuck in his car stereo so he ended up listening to it over and over until he said ""I gotta do something with this"" and the solution was to make a reggae tune out of it.[5] It was recorded at the SweMix Studio by Denniz and was given a new title ""All That She Wants"". The track was an unexpected hit and catapulted both Ace of Base and Denniz PoP into stardom. - The SweMix collective and Denniz PoP parted ways due to creative differences. When Denniz started Cheiron with Douglas Carr, he started to bring in influences from other musical styles than dance music.[6] Swedish artists like Leila K., Papa Dee, Rob'n'Raz and Herbie enjoyed success with him. Their initial attempts at publishing records and albums was a failure, as most of the records proved to be unsuccessful and financing music videos was too expensive. As such, they started to concentrate on what were their strengths: writing and producing songs. The requests for Denniz's services increased as more upcoming artists wanted his sound, skill and sense for what is working on the dance floor. To handle the offers he started to hire more people with the same approach. They began working with foreign artists in 1994 through Zomba, which was also owned by BMG. - ""I didn't even know what a producer did, ""I spent two years day and night in that studio trying to learn what the hell was going on."" – Max Martin, March 19, 2001[7] - While Cheiron was still a record label, Denniz was seeking a heavier style. Talomaa had promised a Swedish glam-style metal band It's Alive a gig at Ritz, and offered a deal to release their second album Earthquake Visions and got Denniz to shape up the sound on the songs before the album's initial release. The members of the band stepped into the studio, nervous about the meeting with someone of Denniz's reputation. However, Denniz, who was never taught any instruments, fumbled among his papers for chords and found instructions showing him where to put his fingers on the keyboard. The members of It's Alive looked at each other and realized, ""the guy had no idea about chords at all"".[This quote needs a citation] The album failed to meet with any success but its frontman and singer at that time, Max Martin (who was going by the stage name ""Martin White"") was encouraged to continue and write songs. - Denniz had an ear for hit tunes and thought Martin wrote great songs. He then asked Martin if he could write songs for them instead and soon Martin joined Cheiron as an in-house producer. Their partnership proved to be successful, with their first collaboration, ""Wish You Were Here"" by Rednex, reaching #1 in several European countries.[8] - Cheiron next hired the duo of John Amatiello and Kristian Lundin (collectively known as ""Amadin"") as songwriters and producers. They were already signed to Dr. Alban's Dr. Records label and had floor hits through the Cheiron/Pitch Control AB label. David Kreuger and Per Magnusson[9] joined the crew to produce music for various upcoming Swedish and major international artists. - 1994 turned out to be a very successful year for Cheiron. Denniz and Amadin helped Dr. Alban to produce his third album Look Who's Talking!, which attained gold certification in Sweden. Denniz PoP set up a meeting with an ex-drummer and former host for ZTV Martin ""E-Type"" Eriksson. He agreed to produce the songs together with Max Martin and Amadin on his successful debut album Made in Sweden which included the #1 hits ""Set the World on Fire"" and ""This is the Way."" - Those successes stimulated the Cheiron crew to progress and the following years would mark the studio's greatest achievements. Beginning in 1996 until its closure, Cheiron shared a joint production and publishing venture with the Zomba Group.[10][11] In 1995, Zomba had sent five young American men called the Backstreet Boys into the studio. Never having been to Europe, shy and uneven, they were willing to put their careers in Denniz's hands due to Ace of Base's American success. Kristian Lundin and Angelo Negron also collaborated on their eponymous debut album, which was released in 1996 and included the hits ""We've Got It Goin' On"" (written by Denniz PoP, Max Martin and Herbie Crichlow) and ""Quit Playing Games (With My Heart), which went platinum and landed on #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 - Cheiron next produced Ace of Base's second album The Bridge, Per Magnusson and David Kreuger produced DeDe's debut album which became an instant hit especially in Japan. Denniz and Martin wrote two songs with Robyn for her debut album Robyn Is Here: ""Do You Know (What It Takes)"" and ""Show Me Love"". The latter ended up on the Billboard Top 10 and was the feature song in the Swedish movie Fucking Åmål (the English distribution borrowed the song's title for the film due to the obscenity). - PoP/Martin produced Leila K.'s number one hit ""Electric"" with its chorus sung by Jessica Folcker. Army of Lovers also came by the studio to remix their hit ""Sexual Revolution"". - One of Denniz's dreams was to work with Michael Jackson and got his chance to work with him on Jackson's nephews 3T's debut album Brotherhood. - In 1997, songwriter Andreas Carlsson was hired.[12] The Irish group Boyzone approached Cheiron for material to put on their new album, ""Where We Belong"". Magnusson and Kreuger teamed up with songwriter Jörgen Elofsson, who had previously recorded his own music under the name ""Shane"", to write the song, ""Will Be Yours"", the first of their many collaborations.[13] Magnusson/Kreuger produced two tracks for the Danish group Michael Learns to Rock that were included on their 1999 ""Greatest Hits"" album: a new version of ""The Actor"" and ""I'm Gonna Be Around"". - In 1998, Cheiron Studios worked with new boy bands 5ive and NSYNC, and girl group Solid HarmoniE, and collaborated with Bryan Adams. The same year Denniz and Martin wrote songs for Swedish starlet Jessica Folcker, whose career began as a backing singer for Dr. Alban and Ace of Base and who became Denniz's girlfriend. Her debut album Jessica became an instant hit with singles like ""Tell Me What You Like"" and ""How Will I Know (Who You Are)"". Both singles sold platinum and got Folcker a Grammis nomination for Best Newcomer and Best Female Artist. That same year Denniz PoP received a ""Special Grammis Award"", shared with Max Martin, with the jury's ""Special Honor Award"", for their successes in restoring the world popularity of Swedish pop music and for making Sweden the third largest music exporting country in the world.[citation needed] - However, Denniz was in poor health and unable to attend the award ceremony, having been diagnosed with stomach cancer in November 1997.[14][15] -Martin frequently visited him in the hospital to get feedback on his songs.[16] One of those songs was ""...Baby One More Time"", originally written for TLC, who passed on it because they were on hiatus.[17] - Cheiron's rise to international prominence was tempered by the death of its founder. Only 35 years old, Denniz succumbed to cancer on August 30, 1998.[18] Max Martin took over as director of Cheiron Studios.[19] - Martin started to work with writer/producer Rami Yacoub and Angelo Negron (main composer of such artists as Hawthorne Heights) in late 1998 to start production of the Backstreet Boys' next album Millennium. In the spring of 1998 Jive Records sent the studio and Martin a young American girl from Louisiana named Britney Spears, who was 16 years old and unknown at the time, to record a set of songs including ""...Baby One More Time"". Her debut album, titled the same as the song, was an international hit and became the best-selling LP by a teenager in history. The debut hit single remains Spears' signature song to this date. Both Millennium and ...Baby One More Time have been certified diamond (having sold more than ten million copies). - Celine Dion's song ""That's the Way It Is"" was written by Max Martin, Kristian Lundin, and Andreas Carlsson, and was included on All the Way… A Decade of Song released on November 12, 1999. Departing from her power ballads this was a little more ""poppier"" song that was the leadoff single for the seven new singles proceeded by a compilation of Dion's most successful hits. All the Way… A Decade of Song sold 17 million copies worldwide. - Magnusson & Kreuger teamed up again with Jörgen Elofsson to work on the debut album of the new Irish boy band Westlife. Together they wrote three songs that appeared on their eponymous album. The song ""If I Let You Go"" was released in August and went immediately hit #1 on the UK Singles Chart. ""Fool Again"", included on the same album, also opened at #1 on the charts.[20] - The year 2000 was a busy one for Cheiron. They were working with Britney Spears and her second album, Oops!… I Did It Again; the opening song with the same name was written and produced by Max Martin & Rami. The album broke another sales record beyond the 15 million for Spears' second straight mega success. - Westlife's recorded songs for their second album, Coast to Coast and the track ""My Love"" written and produced by Per Magnusson & David Kreuger was released in October and went straight to #1 in the UK. The Backstreet Boys had recorded another hit for their album Black & Blue: ""Shape of My Heart"" written by Lisa Miskovsky and Max Martin and Rami. The album became a huge international success and was certified platinum eight times over in the US alone. - Feeling they had accomplished their goals, Cheiron decided to close its doors. Talomaa and Martin wrote on the company web site, ""Cheiron was created with the intention of having fun, making a few hits and not getting too serious about it. We feel the 'hype' of Cheiron has become bigger than [the studio] itself and it's time to quit while we're ahead.""[1] - [22] -  WikiMiniAtlas59°19′55″N 18°01′34″E / 59.332°N 18.026°E / 59.332; 18.026 -",2023-08-26 17:38:26 -Upendra (film) - Wikipedia," - Upendra is a 1999 Indian Kannada-language allegorical thriller film written and directed by Upendra. It starred Upendra, Raveena Tandon, Prema and Damini. The film explores three human emotions through the relationship between the main character and the three heroines. The songs of the film were written by Upendra and music was composed by Gurukiran. The movie has a cult fanbase. It is said that the director named it as Upendra with the thought that the name includes the names of the main characters of the film (U-Upendra, P-Prema, D-Damini & Ra-Raveena). - The film won Filmfare Award for Best Film (Kannada) and Filmfare Award for Best Director (Kannada).[2] A Japanese who saw the film in Bangalore was impressed by it as he found it similar to the story of Buddha and the concept of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and hence got it released in Japan. It was screened at the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in Japan in 2001.[3] A sequel tilted Uppi 2 was released in 2015. - Betala begins to narrate one of his puzzling tales to Vikramāditya which is the story of Naanu (translates to I/Me/Myself), an ego-driven selfish rogue and the three women in his life. Naanu since childhood hates hypocrisy and always speaks the truth. In the process, he exposes the truth behind everything. A young woman Rathi learns of her father's hatred towards her in this process and falls in love with Naanu. However she finds out that Naanu wants to marry a billionaire Keerthi whose deceased father decides that her husband would inherit her entire wealth. He prints wedding cards and distributes it to all, including the employees working in Keerthi's establishments. This angers Keerthi who orders her guardian's son (who wants to marry her for the same reason) to attack Naanu. They bring a woman Swathi, who lives in his house and torture her. Naanu comes to her rescue and it is revealed that Swathi is Naanu's wife. - Rathi meets him in person and confirms the facts. She threatens to kill both the women and to kill herself if Naanu leaves her for either of those two women. He agrees, and Swathi leaves. She rescues the duo from Keerthi's henchmen and in turn, Naanu persuades her to return. She too threatens to kill both the women if Naanu leaves her for anyone of those two, to which Naanu agrees. He continues to be in a relationship with Rathi and hides it from Swathi and vice versa. However, his obsession for Keerthi never dies. He traps her guardian and after a turn of events, Keerthi agrees to marry him. While they both are in a jubilant mood, Rathi and Swathi learns of this and reach the harbour where the duo is currently hiding in from the henchmen of Keerthi's guardian. When they reach the harbour, Keerthi is informed about Naanu's plans and she drops her marriage plans with him. He kidnaps all the three women and kills Keerthi's guardian and her son. - Naanu and the three women reach an old building where an injured Naanu threatens to kill all of them and forces all to be his life partners to which they do not agree. Meanwhile, a rich person meets Naanu there who happens to be a poor man in the past. Naanu in the past advised him not to follow behind women and instead focus on earning money, adding that women will run for you if you are a wealthy man. At the same time, he sees a once-wealthy man whose wealth is usurped by his girlfriends. This pushes Naanu in a dilemma and sits in a room in the first floor. The three women, with rods in their hands, decide to kill him. Bethala stops the story here and asks Vikramāditya whether Naanu would survive or die in their hands. Vikramāditya understands the tale's intention and says that Naanu, Rathi, Swathi and Keerthi are not humans and instead represent human ego, beauty, responsibilities and money respectively. He concludes that Naanu should kill himself and take a rebirth again. - Naanu sees himself in a mirror and feels ashamed of his traits. He curses himself for pursuing all the three who never gave him any happiness. He realises the importance of ""Us"" instead of ""I"" and decides that ego is the root cause of all issues. By tearing the shirt featuring an imprint of his face, he kills his inner ego and the feeling of ""I"". The three woman disappear and Naanu, now silent and aimless, walks out of the building drenching in the rain. - On the outset, the movie seems to be an absurd story about a troublesome narcisstic rogue who leads a weird life according to his own whims and fancies without caring for anyone and how he is possessive about the three women he likes but unable to decide with whom he wants to live.[4] - However, the movie is a metaphorical reference to a man‘s quest for lust and fame without willing to assume any responsibilities. This theme is depicted in the form of assigning human forms to four feelings - ego (protagonist), commitment, lust and fame. The three heroines represent three stages in a man’s life - responsibilities, lust and fame while the hero himself is a representative of human ego.[5][failed verification] - It makes use of a concept Maslow’s hierarchy of needs - a person’s ego, once satisfied with basic needs, longs for companionship and when they gets that, they desire for recognition in the society only to leave everything for self-realization. The three feelings are further compared to three seasons - responsibilities to rainy season (people love rain but do not wish to get drenched), lust to sunny season (heat becomes unbearable if it is too high) and fame to windy (is never constant). This is only a broad outlook and each scene in the movie speaks about worldly life purely from the point of view of human ego satisfaction.[6] - Further, the inter-relation between these feelings is depicted through interaction between the characters. Various issues relating to these feelings are used as sub plots - how the human ego yearns for fame to boost itself or how it is hurt when someone taunts that achieving fame is impossible or how commitments comes in between while running behind fame or how fame is not something unachievable or how people run behind fame only for the monetary benefits it offers. These ideas are represented by following sequences which happen with one of the heroines (who is wealthy) representing fame who is named Keerthi ( literally meaning fame): [7] - Overall, it is a simple depiction of human emotions by assigning it human forms making it look complicated due to philosophical metaphors involved. - The film was dubbed in Telugu under the same name.[8] The rights for the film for a release in Telugu were acquired by producer Ambika Krishna.[9] - The film received mixed reviews from critics upon release. Reviewing the film for Deccan Herald, Srikanth wrote, ""The film ... hinges on one argument that the world is full of hypocrites. While most of them do not express themselves inside out, there are others like himself who express themselves outwardly, bravely and rustically."" Calling the film's screenplay ""excellent"", he further wrote, ""Upendra has overdone his role as an actor, director, writer etc. Perhaps, we should see him as a director who puts himself in the middle of the action. Damini shines as the debutant girl. Raveena Tandon dashes off a touch of glamour. Prema is herself let down by the character.""[10] - Upendra said in an interview, ""the theme is philosophical, but when I said it in a different way, some people were unable to digest it.""[11] - Upendra was a commercial success and was well received by the audience in Karnataka as well as in Andhra Pradesh.[citation needed] The film had a 200 days run in Karnataka and its Telugu version had a 100 days run in Andhra Pradesh.[citation needed] - Upendra wanted A.R. Rahman to compose for film for that he met him and Mani Ratnam in the year 1997 - 98. Since he was busy after the success of Roja, Bombay and many and he was busy composing for Rangeela, Dil se then opted to the regular composer.[citation needed] The music was composed by Gurukiran and lyrics penned by Upendra. After a decade he made A.R. Rahman to compose for his movie Godfather in 2012. - There was also a Telugu Dubbed soundtrack. - A sequel to the film titled Upendra 2 was announced by Upendra in January 2012.[13][14] It was later titled as Uppi 2 and was launched on 18 September 2013 at Kanteerava Studios in Bangalore.[15] The film starred Upendra, Kristina Akheeva and Parul Yadav.[16] The film released on 14 August 2015 in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and United States simultaneously in over 600 theaters[17] and became a commercial success.[18] -",2023-08-26 17:38:30 -Nucleobase cation symporter-1 - Wikipedia,"The Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1 (NCS1) Family (TC# 2.A.39) consists of over 1000 currently sequenced proteins derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants. These proteins function as transporters for nucleobases including purines and pyrimidines. Members of this family possess twelve transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). At least some of them have been shown to function in uptake by substrate:H+ symport mechanism. - The bacterial and yeast proteins are widely divergent and do not cluster closely on the NCS1 family phylogenetic tree. B. subtilis possesses two paralogues of the NCS1 family, and S. cerevisiae has several. Two of the yeast proteins (Dal4 (TC# 2.A.39.3.1) and Fur4 (TC# 2.A.39.3.2)) cluster tightly together. Three other S. cerevisiae proteins, one of which is the thiamin permease, Thi10 (TC# 2.A.39.4.1), and another of which is the nicotinamide riboside transporter, Nrt1 (TC# 2.A.39.4.2),[1] also cluster tightly together. The latter three proteins are likely to be closely related thiamin permease isoforms. The yeast cytosine-purine and vitamin B6 transporters cluster loosely together (24% identity; e-50).[2] The bacterial proteins are derived from several Gram-negative and Gram-positive species. These proteins exhibit limited sequence similarity with the xanthine permease, PbuX (TC# 2.A.39.4.1), of Bacillus subtilis which is a member of the NCS2 family.[3] - Proteins of the NCS1 family are 419-635 amino acyl residues long and possess twelve putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). At least some of them have been shown to function in uptake by substrate:H+ symport. In these respects, and with respect to substrate specificity, these proteins resemble the symporters of the NCS2 family, providing further evidence that the two families represent distant constituents of a single superfamily, the APC Superfamily. The two families probably arose by an early gene duplication event that occurred long before divergence of the three major kingdoms of life. It is possible that they are distant constituents of the MFS (2.A.1).[3] - The nucleobase-cation-symport-1 (NCS1) transporters are essential components of salvage pathways for nucleobases and related metabolites. Weyand et al. (2008) reported the 2.85-angstrom resolution structure of the NCS1 benzyl-hydantoin transporter, Mhp1 (TC# 2.A.39.3.6), from Microbacterium liquefaciens.[4] This structure (and related structures) are available through RCSB (PDB: 2JLN​, 2X79​, 4D1A​, 4D1B​, 4D1C​, 4D1D​). Mhp1 contains 12 transmembrane helices, 10 of which are arranged in two inverted repeats of five helices. The structures of the outward-facing open and substrate-bound occluded conformations were solved, showing how the outward-facing cavity closes upon binding of substrate.[5] Comparisons with the leucine transporter LeuT(Aa) and the galactose transporter vSGLT reveal that the outward- and inward-facing cavities are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the membrane. The reciprocal opening and closing of these cavities is synchronized by the inverted repeat helices 3 and 8, providing the structural basis of the alternating access model for membrane transport.[4] - NCS1 proteins are H+/Na+ symporters specific for the uptake of purines, pyrimidines and related metabolites. Krypotou et al. 2015 studied the origin, diversification and substrate specificities of fungal NCS1 transporters, suggesting that the two fungal NCS1 subfamilies, Fur and Fcy, and plant homologues, originated through independent horizontal transfers from prokaryotes.[6] Expansion by gene duplication led to functional diversification of fungal NCS1 porters. They characterized all Fur proteins in Aspergillus nidulans. Homology modelling, substrate docking, molecular dynamics and systematic mutational analysis in three Fur transporters with distinct specificities identified residues critical for function and specificity, located within a major substrate binding site, in transmembrane segments TMS1, TMS3, TMS6 and TMS8. They predicted and confirmed that residues determining substrate specificity are located not only in the major substrate binding site, but also in a putative outward-facing selectivity gate. Their evolutionary and structure-function analyses led to the concept that selective channel-like gates may contribute to substrate specificity.[6] - The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by NCS1 family permeases is:[3] -",2023-08-26 17:38:33 -Tigak language - Wikipedia,"Tigak (or Omo) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 6,000 people (in 1991)[2] in the Kavieng District of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. - The Tigak language area includes the provincial capital, Kavieng. - Phoneme inventory of the Tigak language: - /r/ can also be realized as [ɾ] allophonically. Both /k, ɡ/ are back-released as [k̠, ɡ̠]. - Two vowels /i u/ in word-initial form can also be released as consonantal allophones [w j].[3] - - This article about Meso-Melanesian languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:38:38 -Shin-Tōmei Expressway - Wikipedia,"The Shin-Tōmei Expressway (新東名高速道路, Shin Tōmei Kōsoku Dōro), literally meaning New Tōmei, is a national expressway in Japan running parallel to the Tomei Expressway as an alternate route. It is operated by Central Nippon Expressway Company. The expressway is also numbered E1A, E52 and E69 under the ""2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering"".[2] - Shin-Tōmei Expressway provides a more direct and shorter route between Tokyo and Nagoya compared to the Tōmei Expressway and avoids most city centres along the way. Its western terminus connects with Isewangan Expressway in Nagoya. - Shin-Tōmei Expressway was partially opened on April 14, 2012 with 162 km section from Gotemba, Shizuoka to Mikkabi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka. - On February 13, 2016, the 55 km section connecting with the eastern terminus of Isewangan Expressway in Nagoya to Mikkabi was opened. - On January 28, 2018, the outer circumferential highway of Tokyo, the Ken-Ō Expressway, was linked with the Shin-Tōmei Expressway in Ebina, Kanagawa. - On March 7, 2019, the Shin Tomei Expressway between the Atsugi Minami IC and the Isehara JCT was opened to traffic. - On March 15, 2020, a 3 km section between the Isehara JCT and the Isehara-Oyama IC was opened to traffic. - On April 10, 2021, the section between the Gotemba JCT and the Shin Gotemba IC was opened to traffic. - On April 16, 2022, a 13 km section between the Isehara-Oyama IC and the Shin Hadano IC was opened to traffic, but the 25 km section between the Shin Gotemba IC and the Shin Hadano IC is still under construction. - The section between Shin Gotemba IC and Shin Hadano IC is still under construction and slated to open in 2027. Once completed, Shin-Tōmei offers direct connection between Osaka, Nagoya and Tokyo through Isewangan Expressway and the Shin-Meishin Expressway. The entire cost for the project from Tokyo to Osaka is 7 trillion yen (around 50 billion dollars). -  WikiMiniAtlas34°59′26″N 138°17′55″E / 34.99064°N 138.29848°E / 34.99064; 138.29848 -",2023-08-26 17:38:41 -Tosca Lee - Wikipedia,"Tosca Lee (born December 1, 1969) is a bestselling American author known for her historical novels and thrillers. - Lee was born in Roanoke, Virginia, United States to a Korean father and Euro-American mother. Her father, Professor Emeritus Sang Moon Lee,[1] who had early aspirations of an opera career, named Tosca for his favorite Puccini opera. - As a young classically trained ballerina and pianist Lee pursued an early career in dance until injuries derailed hopes of a successful career. - Lee received her BA from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts in English language and literature. She also studied international economics at Oxford University. While at Smith, Lee wrote her first novel—a story of the Stonehenge people of Salisbury plain (unpublished).[2] - She began writing professionally in 1992 for Smart Computing Magazine, during which time she co-authored two computer books. In the 1990s, Lee held two pageant titles, Mrs. Nebraska America 1996[3] and Mrs. Nebraska United States 1998,[4] and placed first runner-up to Mrs. United States. For her philanthropic work and advocacy of health, women's, children's, ethnic, and cultural groups, she was awarded an admiralship of the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska by then-governor Ben Nelson. During this time she wrote as a freelancer and penned the majority of her second novel (unpublished). - After setting the pageant world aside, she went to work in 2003 for the Gallup Organization as a senior consultant to Fortune 500 companies. - Lee penned the novel that would become Demon: A Memoir around 2000. It sold in 2006 in a multi-book deal after nearly six years of rejection. Once published it immediately garnered critical acclaim, including a Christy Award nomination. - Lee wrote her next novel, Havah: The Story of Eve, while traveling internationally as a consultant for the Gallup Organization. Havah received a starred review from Publishers Weekly,[5] 4.5 stars from Romantic Times,[6] and solidified Lee's reputation for meticulous research and scriptural interpretation. The two books weren't without controversy from conservative readers--Demon for its darkly spiritual subject matter and Havah for its sensuality in the portrayal of Eve's relationship with Adam. - In 2010, Lee left her position with Gallup and signed on to write the post-apocalyptic Books of Mortals series with New York Times bestseller, Ted Dekker. Forbidden, the first novel in the series, debuted on the New York Times Bestseller list in September 2011, as did the second installment, Mortal, in June 2012. Sovereign, the conclusion to the series, released June 2013 and became a bestseller in the Christian market. - Iscariot, Lee's highly anticipated novel about Judas, the disciple and infamous betrayer of Christ, released February 2013 after three publisher changes, three years of research and writing, and a five-year lull after the release of her last solo novel, Havah. Iscariot became a bestseller in the Christian market[7] where it also garnered starred reviews.[8] Publishers Weekly praised Iscariot as ""mind-bending Biblical fiction that dares to put readers in the mind of the most infamous character of Christian history"" calling Lee's research and writing ""impeccable and masterful.""[5] In 2014, Iscariot won Christian Book of the Year in fiction.[9] It was also named a Best in Christian Fiction Title of 2013 by Library Journal.[10] - Lee's novel about The Queen of Sheba, The Legend of Sheba: Rise of a Queen, released September 2014 to starred reviews.[11] It was named a Best of Christian Fiction selection by Library Journal[12] and also became a bestseller.[13] In 2015, it finalized for the 2015 Christian Book Award for fiction, won by Lee's Iscariot the year before.[14] - In 2015, Lee turned her attention to new adult thrillers but continued her study of historically significant, maligned characters in her House of Bathory duology (The Progeny, Firstborn)--a pair of supernatural suspense thrillers centered around the fictional descendants of the ""Blood Countess"" Elizabeth Báthroy. In 2016 The Progeny landed on the IndieBound bestseller list.[15] In 2018, Firstborn won Ream Makers' paranormal book award as well as Book of the Year. The duology is currently in development for TV by Radar Pictures and Ed Burns' Marlboro Road Gang Productions.[16] November 2018 Deadline Hollywood announced the CW Network had bought the series, with CBS TV Studios joining production and Orphan Black's Chris Roberts attached to show run and write.[17] - The Line Between, Lee's apocalyptic thriller about a young woman ousted from an Iowa doomsday cult as a pandemic breaks out across the United States, entered development for TV by Radar Pictures and Marlboro Road Gang Productions prior to its release, as reported by Deadline Hollywood.[18] The book debuted January 2019 as Amazon's #1 medical thriller, won a silver Literary Titan award September 2019,[19] and was a Goodreads Choice Awards semifinalist for best mystery/thriller of 2019.[20] The sequel, A Single Light, released September 17, 2019. - Lee's historical fiction is known for her depth of characterization and sympathetic rendering of traditionally maligned characters. Reviewers praise her lyrical prose, emotive settings and historical detail. Her thrillers, which feature female leads, are consistently praised for their strong heroines and breakneck pacing. - Lee lives with her husband, Bryan, and three of four stepchildren still at home.[21] - In addition to English, Lee's novels have been published in Dutch, Portuguese, Indonesian, Spanish, Korean, Slovakian, Turkish, Estonian, Hebrew, Russian, Bulgarian, German, Italian, Polish, Hungarian, Romanian, and Croatian. - with Ted Dekker: -",2023-08-26 17:38:45 -Gran Premio Seleccion - Wikipedia,"The Gran Premio Seleccion is a Grade-1 horse race open to international horses in Argentina. The race takes place in October at the Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo.[3] The race is sometimes known as the Argentine Oaks.[2] - Speed record: - Greatest margin of victory: - Most wins by a jockey: - Most wins by a trainer: - Most wins by an owner: - Most wins by a breeder: - *Dead heats occurred in 1898 (between Friolera and Espina), 1912 (between Brilla and Flying Star), 1929 (Salmuera and Catarata) -",2023-08-26 17:38:48 -Suad Khalil Ismail - Wikipedia,"Suad Khalil Ismail (1928-1995), was an Iraqi politician. - She served as Minister of Higher Education in 1969-1972.[1] She was the second woman to have served in the Iraqi Cabinet. -",2023-08-26 17:38:52 -Sam Lyon - Wikipedia," - Samuel Lyon (20 November 1890 – December 1977) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Barnsley and Hull City as a centre forward.[1] - Lyon's younger brother Jack also became a footballer.[4] After service in the Territorial Army between 1909 and 1913, Lyon served in the East Yorkshire Regiment during the First World War and suffered wounds which necessitated him spending 15 months in hospital.[2] After the war, he worked as a wholesale fish merchant and played bowls, at which he represented Yorkshire.[2] - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a forward born in the 1890s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:38:56 -Viile Satu Mare - Wikipedia,"Viile Satu Mare (Hungarian: Szatmárhegy, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɒtmaːrhɛɟ]) is a commune of 2,356 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: - Ethnic groups (2002 census):[2] - According to mother tongue, 47.62% speak Romanian as their first language, while 47.40% of the population speak Hungarian. - - This Satu Mare County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:39:00 -Vishu Bhatnagar - Wikipedia," - Vishu Bhatnagar better known by his stage name Kumar Vishu is an Indian devotional playback singer whose songs have been featured primarily in Hindi devotional movies and television serials. He has sung more than 200 devotional albums with the leading singers of India and major records labels of India including T-Series, HMV, Venus, Sonotek & KVC music, Saregama and other record labels.[1][2][3] - Vishu has received President Award, Cinema Century Award and others.[4] He has also sung in several languages including Punjabi, Rajasthani and other Indian languages and was signed by the T-series for seven years. - Vishu is known for a melodious style of singing bhajans, devotional music, Ghazals and Sundarkaand recital. His album Ramayan ki Choupaiyan and Pyaase ko paani pilaya nahi with T-Series has been the best seller in the devotional album category.[5][6] Some of his major songs include Kabhi Pyase Ko Paani Pilaya Nahi, Khazaana Maiya Ka, Ghar Ghar Main Hai Raavan Baitha, Udd Ja Hans Akela, Kabir Amrit Vaani, Hanuman Gatha, Karmo Ki Hai Maaya and others. - He has given several stage performances in India and abroad, has emerged as a popular devotional singer.[7][8] Apart from his singing, he has also founded a singing and instrumental training institute. - Kabhi Pyase Ko Pani Pilaya Nahin - Radhe Radhe Shyam Bolo - Pyare Aa Jaao Makhan Chor - Gaura Rani Ke Naina Bhole Se Lade - Naach Rahe Hanuman Ram Dhun Ga-Ga Kar - Kalyug Ke Prani Sun Satyug Ki Vani - Aarti - Bhagwan Tere Sansaar Mein Hua Kathin Hai Jeena - Kanhaiyya Kab Aayenge Bata De Radha Rani - Chalo Re Chalo Mata Rani Ke Dwar - Shyam Kiske Hain - Meri Sunle Hey Anjani Lala - Chham Chham Nache Bam Bam Bhola - Tu Kitna Diwana Jogi - Sanwariya Rang Rangila - Jhoom Kanwadiya Jhoom Bhole Ki Mach Gayi Dhoom - Bhole Ki Bhakti Kanwariyon Ki Masti - Pujari Bhole Ka - Danka Baja Shri Shyam Ka - Maa Shakti Swaroop (Aalha Ki Dhun Per) - Bolo Ambe Ambe - Ek Baar Bol Jai Mata Ki - Kehti Hai Vaishno Maa - Rahim Amritwani - Satguru Kabir Amritwani - Haare Ka Sahara Shyam, Vol. 2 - Satguru Kabir Amritwani, Vol. 2 - Satguru Kabir Amritwani, Vol. 3 - Haare Ka Sahara Shyam, Vol. 1 - Sai Satrangiya - Bhakt Aur Bhagwaan - Sunderkand - Bhole Bum Lehri - Bhajan Sandhya, Vol. 1 - Sai Di Full Kripa - Maiya Se Judi Saanson Ki ladi - Sach Hai Sai - Hai Kamaal Mera Gopal - Vasiyat Vaishno Naam Ki - Sethon Ka Seth-Khatu Naresh - Jawaai Ji Pawna - Dhaam Nirala Mansa Devi Ka - Dubki Lagai Kanwar Uthai - Mere Bala Ji Sarkar Bhooton Ke M.B.B.S -",2023-08-26 17:39:03 -Trictionary - Wikipedia,"Trictionary is a 400-page trilingual illustrated dictionary for translating English, Chinese, and Spanish, published in 1982, covering about 3,000 words in each language. The wordbook was compiled by anonymous volunteers, mostly younger students from New York City whose native language was English, Chinese, or Spanish. The compilation was made ""by the spare-time energy of some 150 young people from the neighborhood"" aged between 10 and 15, two afternoons a week over three years.[1] The project was sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and work was done at the Chatham Square branch of the New York Public Library. The original idea was developed by Jane Shapiro, a teacher of English as a Second Language at Junior High School 65, helped by Mary Scherbatoskoy of ARTS (Art Resources for Teachers and Students). - Tom McArthur described the project as a future model for reference work creation based on group collaboration, volunteer work, and no single or named author; the Trictionary was ""something much more radically interesting: turning students on occasion into once-in-a-lifetime Samuel Johnsons and Noah Websters.""[2] McArthur's 1986 observation was prescient; the project is now seen as an early model of social information processing.[3] - - This Sino-Tibetan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about the English language is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Spanish language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a dictionary is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:39:06 -Yoshihiko Isozaki - Wikipedia,"Yoshihiko Isozaki (born September 8, 1957, in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese politician who has served as a member of the House of Councillors of Japan since 2010. He represents the Kagawa at-large district and is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.[1] - He is a member of the following committees in the House of Councillors: -",2023-08-26 17:39:10 -Muma Gee - Wikipedia," - Gift Iyumame Eke (née Uwame; born 18 November 1978), professionally known as Muma Gee (/muːmə dʒiː/), meaning ""do good Gift"", is a Nigerian singer-songwriter, actress, businesswoman, fashion designer, television personality and politician. She was born, raised, and resides in Port Harcourt. Uwame's first taste of stardom came through her song ""Kade"", which became the title track of her first official album, released in 2006. The single's accompanying music video directed by Wudi Awa, received five nominations, including two from the AMEN Awards (Best Picture and Best Costume) and one each from the Nigerian Music Video Awards, the Headies Awards, and the Sound City Music Video Awards.[citation needed] - Uwame rose to prominence in 2010 as a contestant on the celebrity edition of Nigerian reality TV series Gulder Ultimate Search.[citation needed] Prior to entering the show, she had worked on her second studio album The Woman in Question, that would be released a day after her eviction.[1] ""Amebo"" and ""African Juice"" were the two singles released from the album. Uwame had also collaborated with artists and producers such as Samini, VIP, OJB, Cobhams Asuquo and Terry G, among others. In 2009, she was nominated for four awards at the 3rd Nigerian Music Video Awards. In early 2012, Uwame started work on a new album called Motherland and has since released singles ""Port Harcourt Is Back"", ""African Woman Skilashy"" and ""Jikele"". As an actress, she starred in the Nollywood films Last Dance (2006),[2] Solid Affection (2008),[3] Secret Code (2011),[4] and The Code (2011).[5] Among her accomplishments are numerous titles and honours such as, Oonyon 1 of Upata Kingdom,[6] Queen of African music, Pop Queen, and Mrs. Ngor-Okpala.[7] - Uwame's social life and alleged relationships have gained widespread coverage in the media, with the most prominent being her emotional affair with former GUS campmate Emeka Ike.[8] In 2011, Uwame married actor Prince Eke, and gave birth to a twin boy and girl, on 18 April 2014.[9] - Born in Port Harcourt, Rivers State to Ekpeye parents, Uwame grew up in a strict Christian household, the third of six children.[10] Her father, who was involved in Military Medicine, died when she was a child.[11] After her father's death, Uwame was raised by her mother in the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Uwame always liked music and was trained by her mother to sing songs at the age of 4.[12] - Upon finishing her primary and secondary school education in Abuja, Uwame enrolled at the University of Port Harcourt and earned a degree in Theatre Arts. In addition to her academic background, she owned and operated numerous other busia nesses including vehicle leasing company, restaurant, tailor shop and beauty salon.[13] She also became part of Port Harcourt's burgeoning music scene, performing at nightclubs and inner city bars.[14] - Moving to Lagos, Muma Gee settled in Surulere, a residential and commercial area of that city. Shortly after, she met record producer Nelson Brown. Brown was instrumental in putting together most of the songs on Muma Gee's debut full-length.[10] In 2006, the album, entitled Kade was released as a CD to music stor[15] Muma Gee had explained the meaning of its title in an interview, ""it is a courageous word that gives hope"". I believe so much in empowerment. So Kade represents advocacy and empowerment towards nation building [...] For example, in my language, we say Kade, meaning go, but its typical meaning is keep moving on and you will get there someday.""[15] -Following the release of the aforementioned album, Wudi Awa was contacted by Muma Gee in regards to producing a music video for its title track single. Soon after the video was shot, edited and sent to TV stations, it quickly gained popularity, capturing the attention of music lovers in Nigeria.[14] Kade would later be nominated for AMEN Awards,[16] Nigerian Music Video Awards, The Headies Awards, and Sound City Music Video Awards.[17] - In June 2007, Muma Gee performed at the annual Nigerian Breweries-sponsored Star Trek music tour. She was the only female solo artist called upon to sing at the last leg of the national tour. The concert was held at the Hotel Presidential venue in Enugu and featured a star-studded line-up of Nigerian musicians, including P-Square, Daddy Showkey, Davina, and Shine Band, among others.[18] Muma Gee appeared on stage wearing a beaded blouse and a black, rippling skirt. She involved a group of male fans into a dance competition for a chance to win her love. The climax of her show came when she hugged, cuddled and attempted to have a liplock with the winner in public. The young male fan also was treated to a love song she belted out before closing her set with a performance of her hit track ""Kade"".[19] - By the end of 2007, she began hinting that she was working on new material for her next album.[20] The following year, on 18 May 2008, it was announced that ""Amebo"" would be the first single to be released from the album. According to Muma Gee, this song was what she had long desired to create: ""I have been doing my own thing. I've been experimenting even while at the University of Port Harcourt. Now, I want to see what I can achieve professionally."" Explaining what ""Amebo"" was specifically about, she says, ""I am a homegirl, I am an indigenous musician. I believe so much in Nigeria. So, ""Amebo"" simply talks about our people, our values, and our heritage.""[21] On 25 May, Muma Gee premiered the song at an exclusive night party in Ikoyi. Other roles she played at the event included meeting fans, and signing autographs.[21] ""Amebo"" was sent to radio afterwards;[22] Muma Gee also spoke briefly about the new album's content and direction, saying, ""I figured out that there are lots of love songs in the album. Maybe I am learning the rules to falling in love. (Laughs) and it's finding interest in my songwriting, maybe, maybe not, well I am not sure.""[23] -In 2009, Muma Gee released the album's second single ""African Juice"" and its accompanying music video, the latter of which earned her several nominations at that year's Nigerian Music Video Awards.[24] On 26 February 2010, Vanguard announced that Muma Gee's second studio album was titled The Woman in Question and that it would be released in March. Along with these details, it was announced Muma Gee had songs with Samini, VIP, and Terry G on the album and that producers on the album would include Cobhams Asuquo, Puffy T, Terry G and OJB.[22] - Beginning March 2010, Muma Gee appeared in the reality television show Gulder Ultimate Search. She had been selected with nine other celebrity participants.[25] After being sent to the jungle, she naturally connected with fellow campmate Emeka Ike. However, their extra-closeness soon prompted viewers to believe their friendship was beyond platonic.[26] Various news outlets and gossip sites depicted Ike as a handsome married actor, with whom Muma Gee was romantically lovestruck.[27] It was further alleged that the pair engaged in lewd conduct during a bathroom scene on the show. Muma Gee admitted to an emotional relationship with her campmate but denied the sex allegations.[27][28] In another incident, contestant Chioma Chukwuka defied Muma Gee and threw her property out of their tent. She had verbally attacked Muma Gee on several occasions at the camp and made disparaging remarks about her marital status.[27][29] Throughout their time in the Jungle, both contestants rivalled each other. They were evicted on the same day for not being able to complete their respective tasks.[1] Uwame's The Woman in Question was released the next day.[30] On 8 May 2010, in an interview with Nigeriafilms.com, Chukwuka claimed her actions against Muma Gee were deliberate and a mere display of her blatant side.[31] During June 2010, Muma Gee was invited for Thanksgiving at the Redeemed Christian Church, by Gus winner Emeka Ike and his wife Emma. There, she met and befriended up-and-coming Nollywood actor Prince Eke—Ike's best friend—whom she felt was God-sent and who would propose to her seconds later. On 23 June, Uwame received an engagement ring from Eke shortly after he had arrived safely from work. She would then wed him the following year.[32][33] - On 23 July 2011, reports surfaced announcing the date for Muma Gee and Eke's White wedding as 18 November, and venue at Recovery House, Port Harcourt International Church.[34] In August 2011, Muma Gee was reported to have moved temporarily from Lagos back to Port Harcourt to participate in politics.[35] Although no further details were released about the development at the time. She would later reveal in interviews that there were no political intentions behind her relocation to the city.[33] On 6 September 2011, Muma Gee revealed that the wedding was undergoing its final adjustments.[36] However, on 4 November 2011, the couple decided to push back the wedding date to work on Muma Gee's music video, ""Port Harcourt Is Back"".[37] On 20 December 2011, Muma Gee and Prince Eke were married in a double traditional wedding ceremony in Ahoada East and Ngor Okpala respectively. A formal white wedding later took place on 23 December 2011 in Port Harcourt.[38] -After her marriage to Eke, Muma Gee continued to work on her music career. In February 2012, she released ""Port Harcourt Is Back"" and its music video, which was directed by her husband Prince Eke.[33] Speaking about the concept of the song, she explained ""It's a single and more of appreciation for the transformation in my birthplace."" Furthermore, Muma Gee stated that her new album called Motherland was in the making, and that ""it was inspired by what I experienced when I went to Port Harcourt after many years in Lagos. It is warm and welcoming.""[11] On 8 April that same year, the album's second single ""African Woman Skillashy"" followed. The music video, directed by Bobby Hai Ndackson was released soon after. Muma Gee told Vanguard that ""[the song] is all about the African woman, her beauty and how she makes herself beautiful. An African woman is therefore not to be messed up with or looked down upon because she's feminine. Even though she's beautiful, she's strong and has a sense of pride.""[10] - In March 2013, she released ""Jikele"" as the album's third single.[39] Motherland was revealed to be a 12-track album and when asked why is it taking so long? she commented ""One needs to take one's time because good work takes time. But it must be worth the wait in the end.""[10] At the 4th City People Awards, 14 July 2013, she lost South South Musician of the Year to fellow Rivers State recording artist Oba Omega; present at the occasion were the celebrities Rita Dominic and Yvonne Nelson from Ghana.[40][41] Muma Gee competed in the first Imo State intercommunity beauty pageant, representing the community of Umuhu in Ngor Okpala. She came into the competition through her matrimonial union with Eke, whose heritage stems from the Umuhu people. On 1 August 2013, she was named Mrs. Ngor Okpala by first lady of Imo State, Nneoma Nkechi Okorocha, after beating off challenges from 28 other entrants.[7] It was also made known on 23 September 2013, that Muma Gee has commenced a new recording session—possibly for Motherland—with Slim Burna and P Jaydino in the studio.[42] On 15 February 2014, whilst heavily pregnant with her first child, she confirmed in a telephone interview with Saturday Beats of The Punch that she will be performing at the album launch party for Motherland regardless of her physical condition.[43] On 18 April, just weeks before the anticipated concert, Uwame delivered twins – a boy and a girl commenting on this Uwame said, ""I was not initially expecting twins. All I knew was that I started getting big and bigger. And people would see me and say, oh, you are looking so beautiful. I didn't believe I was going to have twins.""[44] - In October 2014, Muma Gee officially announced her intent to run for a seat in the federal House of Representatives via the Ahoada East–Abua–Odual constituency in Rivers State. She initially registered to run as a member of the Rivers State People's Democratic Party but later switched allegiance to the Labour Party, becoming the party's nominee for the seat.[45][46] While elaborating on the reasons for her decision to join politics, Muma Gee described the move as the appropriate means to ""liberate her people"" who she says deserves representation that is qualitative and has their best interest in mind.[47] - She was defeated at the federal election by Betty Apiafi, who ran as a PDP candidate and who has represented the constituency since 2007.[48] - Uwame lives in Port Harcourt with her actor husband, whom she has been happily married to since 2011. They are both devout Christians and did not participate in courtship.[49] She was later separated from her husband Prince Eke.[50] - As of 18 April 2014, they had two children, a twin boy and girl, whom they named Chika and Chisa Eke. Her third child and second daughter, Okwuluoka, was born on the same day as her father Prince Eke on 18 August 2016.[51] -",2023-08-26 17:39:14 -"St. John's Episcopal Church (Ashwood, Tennessee) - Wikipedia"," - St. John's Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church in Ashwood, Maury County, Tennessee, United States. Built from 1839 to 1842 by Bishop Leonidas Polk, it was an active church in the Antebellum South. It was ransacked and later used as a hospital for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. Services resumed after the war, but they were discontinued due to low attendance in 1915. It is now closed, except for an annual pilgrimage. - The church is located six miles southwest of Columbia, Tennessee.[2] - The land belonged to Colonel William Polk.[2][3] One of his sons, Leonidas Polk, served as the rector of St. John's Episcopal Church, which was based in his own house, Ashwood Hall, from January 1, 1834 to August 9, 1838.[2] Due to poor health, he was assisted in his ministry by James Hervey Otey.[2] - In 1839, Leonidas Polk decided to erect the church building.[2][3] It was built where once stood a tall cherry tree, which was felled and used to make wood structures inside the churches such as the balcony or the reredos.[2] The building was designed in the Gothic Revival architectural style.[2] It was modelled after a church in Devon, England, as well as the Chapel of the Cross in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.[4] Built by African slaves owned by Polk and his brothers, it was completed in the summer of 1842.[2] It was consecrated on September 4, 1842.[2][3] - The first permanent pastor, Stephen Patterson, was installed in July 1845.[2] The congregation included both whites and blacks.[2] A new rector, E. H. Cressy, was installed in 1848.[2] The church bell was only placed in the tower as late as 1849.[2] By 1858, James Hildebrand became the new rector.[2] Mary Elizabeth Martin, Gideon Johnson Pillow's wife, and their son, attended services.[4] - On March 31, 1862, in the midst of the American Civil War of 1861-1865, Union Brigadier General Don Carlos Buell broke into the church building and ransacked it, breaking the window glasses.[2] By 1864, it was converted into a hospital for the Confederate States Army.[2] Days before the Battle of Franklin of November 30, 1864, General Patrick Cleburne (1828–1864) was passing by St. John's and he remarked to his aides something like, ""This is such a beautiful church that it would almost be worth dying so one could be buried here.""[2] Meanwhile, Leonidas Polk was buried in a crypt inside the church in 1864.[2] - In 1872, Richard N. Newell, a former Roman Catholic from England, became the new rector.[2][3] However, services were discontinued in 1915 due to low attendance.[2] - In 1945, upon request from the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana, Leonidas Polk's remains were taken from the church and he was re-buried at the Christ Church Cathedral in New Orleans, Louisiana.[2] - No longer an operating church, it is only used once annually for services. The attached graveyard is the burial site of four Episcopal Bishops of Tennessee. - It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1970.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:39:18 -Margriet Hermans - Wikipedia," -Margareta Maria Josepha (Margriet) Hermans (born 1954) is a Belgian singer, former radio and TV talk show host,[1] politician and a member of the Open VLD. She was elected as a member of the Belgian Senate in 2007.[2] - In 1993 one low-selling celebrity comic was based on her life, drawn by Erik Vancoillie.[3] - - This article about a Flemish politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:39:21 -Tri-City News - Wikipedia,"The Tri-City News is a Canadian online community newspaper based in Port Coquitlam and published by Glacier Media, and serving the Tri-Cities region of British Columbia's Lower Mainland. It was established in 1985 as a weekly printed newspaper. - In the 2008 Better Newspapers Competition from the Canadian Community Newspapers Association, the Tri-City News took second place in ""Best All-Round Newspaper"" for large circulation newspapers, and won the ""Best Front Page"" category.[2] - In 2015, Black Press sold the News to Glacier Media.[3] The printed edition ceased publication August 10, 2023.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:39:24 -Bakkevig - Wikipedia,"Bakkevig is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:39:27 -Doktor Sleepless - Wikipedia," - Doktor Sleepless is a monthly comic book series written by Warren Ellis with art by Ivan Rodriguez that is published by Avatar Press, launched in July 2007.[1] The comic draws from a wide range of ideas – from futurism and transhumanism to corporatism and counter-culture. - According to series writer Warren Ellis, Doktor Sleepless may be a man named John Reinhardt, a trust-fund baby and boy genius who is shunned by the counter-culture he helped found. After disappearing from the city of Heavenside three years ago, he suddenly returns having undergone some changes during the interim. Upon his return, he's transformed himself from a relatively mundane man into what he describes as a ""cartoon mad scientist,"" calling himself ""Doktor Sleepless.""[2] - Ellis compares the series to his earlier fan-favorite work on Transmetropolitan, published under the DC Comics imprint, Vertigo.[2] - Due to a series of computer difficulties the series (along with other titles Ellis worked on at the time) was placed on hiatus. Release of new material was planned for early 2012 (after which the book would go on another hiatus),[3] delayed several times[4] and ultimately failed to materialize. - Set in the near future, this series follows the exploits of John Reinhardt, an enigmatic ""mad scientist""[5] whose motivations for returning to Heavenside are shady at best. Since his mysterious disappearance, he has reinvented himself as ""Doktor Sleepless"" and, to the dismay and utter confusion of the authorities, seemingly rules the airwaves (through his mastery of all things technological) with his thought-provoking, radical rhetoric. He addresses the disenfranchised citizens of Heavenside, acknowledging their disappointment in the ""future"" they live in. With the resources, knowledge and ambition that John Reinhardt possesses, everyone is listening and watching closely as he represents the one shard of hope everyone is looking for. - It is initially unclear if he works at inciting a truly positive revolution or has much darker, harmful plans for the people of Heavenside, until the sixth issue where he states outright his plans to bring about the apocalypse, using Heavenside as a testing ground. His stated reason is that this is ""not the future we were promised... if we can't have that, then we shouldn't have anything at all"". It is revealed he is deliberately instigating violence by the grinder counter-culture and is providing them with the means to do so, as well as releasing a bioweapon — ""St Theresa's Eyes"" — that causes people to ""see angels"" (actually winged, mechanical constructs which may or may not be hallucinations). - By the eighth issue, he has claimed that the world is merely a source of food for a race of tenth-dimensional animals (based on the Cthulhu Mythos stories) that feed on souls and live in a realm similar to Heaven; he claims these creatures killed his parents and that while he originally wanted to organise people against these creatures, he now just wants to kill the whole world to spite the monsters by starving them. - While Doktor Sleepless gives the impression of being in full control, it is unknown how true this is. He is unaware his companion (""Nurse"") murdered an old colleague of his that he intended to contact; directly after outlining his grand scheme, he is shocked when he sees one of the angel constructs himself. - From issue nine on, the series focuses less on the Doktor himself and more on how Heavenside has changed in his wake. It is also revealed that his former caretaker plans not only to kill him but anyone who could spread his ideas. Preston Stoker, the police commissioner, agrees to turn a blind eye to this. - At the end of each issue, writer Warren Ellis provides background information on the fictional devices, organisations, technological advancements, etc., used in the narrative, as well as the occasional piece of flash fiction. - All of these things can be recalled and researched in a special ""Doktor Sleepless"" Mediawiki site.[7] - As with other Avatar titles, each issue comes with a number of variant covers; the majority are by Rodriguez including a variant displaying an unusual warning sign (warning against things such as ""psychoactive air"" and ""Wavy lines ov deth"") and Raulo Cáceres produces a wrap-around cover designed to evoke an earlier era, as Ellis said: ""Raulo was tasked with producing covers that looked like woodcuts that recalled the late 19th century through to the days of Tesla and James Whale movies.""[8] - The series is being collected into volumes: -",2023-08-26 17:39:30 -Ettiene Smit - Wikipedia," - Ettiene Smit[1] (born 15 June 1974)[2] is a South African strongman competitor and entrant to the World's Strongest Man competition.[3] - Etienne Smith was born in Johannesburg. He started his strength athletics career at the age of 26 and within five years had become crowned South Africa's strongest man. From 2004 to 2009 he did not relinquish this title winning a record six times in a row. He has stated that his international presence in strength athletics has been curtailed by financial difficulties, although he was able to take up an invitation to the prestigious World's Strongest Man in both 2009 and 2010. Aside from strength athletics, he owns a restaurant in Pretoria, South Africa.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:39:35 -Buldecovirus - Wikipedia,"Buldecovirus is a subgenus of viruses in the genus Deltacoronavirus.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:39:38 -David G. Lowe - Wikipedia,"David G. Lowe is a Canadian computer scientist working for Google as a senior research scientist. He was a former professor in the computer science department at the University of British Columbia and New York University. - Lowe is a researcher in computer vision, and is the author of the patented scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), one of the most popular algorithms in the detection and description of image features.[1][2][3] - - This biographical article relating to a Canadian computer specialist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:39:42 -Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 - Wikipedia," - The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was the seventh edition of the annual Junior Eurovision Song Contest and took place in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was scheduled for 21 November 2009.[1] 13 countries were confirmed by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) to compete in the contest.[3] - The contest was won by Ralf Mackenbach for the Netherlands with the song ""Click Clack"". At the age of 14, he was the oldest person to win the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in its seven-year history. He was joined by Italy's Vincenzo Cantiello who won the 2014 contest also at the age of 14. Luara Hayrapetyan achieved Armenia another second place. Ekaterina Ryabova also took second place for Russia. - Both Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko and President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko were present during the final; Tymoshenko was also present and speeched during the opening ceremony on 16 November 2009.[4] - The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) invited broadcasters to bid for the rights to host the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009; three bids were received from Belarus, Serbia, and Ukraine.[5] TV4 of Sweden had originally sent in a bid during summer 2007, but soon withdrew its bid after deciding to completely withdraw from the contest.[6] - On 6 June 2008, after deliberations by the EBU, the National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU) was granted the rights to the 2009 contest and confirmed they would host it in Kyiv.[7] Ukraine also hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 at the same venue. - On 12 November 2009, Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Ivan Vasiunyk declared that the contest would not be postponed; (earlier) Party of Regions member of parliament Hanna Herman had called on Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko to cancel the song contest because of the 2009 flu pandemic in Ukraine.[8] - The EBU announced the complete list of participating countries in the 2009 contest on 8 June 2009. 13 countries competed in the contest. Sweden returned after missing the previous year's contest, while Bulgaria, Greece and Lithuania withdrew from the contest.[3] - According to the rules of the contest, participants must sing in one of their national languages, however they are permitted to have up to 25% of the song in a different language.[citation needed] - Prior to the event, a compilation album featuring all the songs from the 2009 contest, along with karaoke versions, was put together by the European Broadcasting Union and released by Universal Music Group on 21 November 2009. - Logo of the contest titled ""Tree of life"" is based on the artwork ""Sunflower of life"" by Maria Primachenko, a well known Ukrainian folk art painter.[10] Creative design of the show was based on the logo of the contest, works and ideas of Primachenko as well as on the concept of the show, titled ""For the joy of people"".[11][better source needed] - On 22 October 2009, it was revealed that Ani Lorak, Timur Miroshnychenko and Dmytro Borodin would be hosting the contest, with Borodin serving as the green room host.[12] - The event took place on 21 November 2009 at 21:15 EET (20:15 CET).[1][13] Thirteen countries participated, with the running order published on 13 October 2009.[14] All the countries competing were eligible to vote with the jury and televote. The Netherlands won with 121 points, with Armenia and Russia, both of whom came second, completing the top three.[15] Cyprus, Macedonia, and Romania occupied the bottom three positions.[16] - The show was opened by the children's ballet A6 and the Jazz-Step Dance Class of Volodymyr Shpudeyko; they were followed by the children's sports dancing ensemble Pulse. The interval acts included young acrobats Karyn Rudnycka and Yuriy Kuzynsky accompanied all participating contestants on stage,[2] whilst Ani Lorak performed her Eurovision 2008 entry ""Shady Lady"".[17] - Each country decided their votes through a 50% jury and 50% televoting system which decided their top ten songs using the points 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. Since Sweden did not broadcast the show until the morning after, their points were made up solely by their national jury. - Below is a summary of all 12 points received. All countries were given 12 points at the start of voting to ensure that no country finished with nul points. - A live broadcast of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest was available worldwide via satellite through European streams such as TVRi, RIK Sat, RTS Sat and MKTV Sat. The official Junior Eurovision Song Contest website also provided a live stream without commentary via the peer-to-peer medium Octoshape. -",2023-08-26 17:39:47 -River Oaks Courts - Wikipedia," - The River Oaks Courts, located at 14349 TX 16 in Medina, Texas, United States, were added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2019.[2] - - This article about a property in Texas on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Texas-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:39:50 -USS Mississinewa (AO-144) - Wikipedia,"USS Mississinewa (AO-144) was a Neosho-class fleet oiler of the United States Navy in service from 1955 to the early 1990s. - The second Mississinewa was laid down by New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey, in May 1953 and was launched on 12 June 1954, sponsored by Mrs. Wright. She was commissioned on 18 January 1955, Captain M. J. Jensen in command. - Mississinewa, second of a class designed to provide fuel, food, stores, and mail services rapidly and for sustained periods to ships at sea, operated primarily along the U.S. East Coast, with one brief Mediterranean deployment, until 1 May 1956. She then departed her original home port, Newport, Rhode Island, for Naples, Italy. With Naples as her home port, the tanker cruised the Mediterranean servicing the 6th Fleet in normal and crisis operations until 1964. During the fall of 1956 and early winter 1957, she supported 6th Fleet ships as they stood by in case they were called on to intervene in the Suez Crisis and the tense period that followed. Again, in mid‑July 1958, she got underway on short notice to provide logistic support to ships of the 6th Fleet during an emergency in the Middle East, this time in Lebanon. Remaining off the Lebanese coast until September, she refueled over 200 ships as the U.S. 6th Fleet landed the U.S. Marine Corps and then stood by at the request of President Chamoun of Lebanon, in ""Operation Blue Bat"". From 1962 to 1964, Mississinewa's responsibilities were increased as she served as flagship of Commander Service Force, 6th Fleet. - Prior to the reassignment of Newport as her home port in September 1964, Mississinewa had returned to the United States only for regularly scheduled yard periods. During those intervals she received new equipment during overhaul, which included in 1957 the installation of a helipad and the assignment of a helicopter for use in vertical replenishment. Since 1964, into 1969, she operated in the western Atlantic, from Newfoundland to the Caribbean, with regular deployments to the Mediterranean and one, in August 1966, to northern Norway for NATO exercises. - Mississinewa was decommissioned on 15 November 1976 by the U.S. Navy, and placed in service with the Military Sealift Command as USNS Mississinewa (T-AO-144), continuing her service with a civilian crew. She was placed out of service in 1991 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 16 February 1994. - Mississinewa was transferred to the United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) on 1 May 1999 for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River, Fort Eustis, Virginia. Mississinewa departed the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River Group, under a disposal contract on 30 January 2007 to be scrapped at International Shipbreaking Ltd. (ESCO), Brownsville, Texas. Arrived ESCO Brownsville, TX., 17 February 2007, scrapping completed, 11 February 2008 -",2023-08-26 17:39:53 -Elizabeth Simcoe - Wikipedia," - Dame Elizabeth Posthuma Simcoe (22 September 1762 – 17 January 1850) was an English artist and diarist in colonial Canada. Her husband, John Graves Simcoe, was the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. Her diary gives an effective account of Canadian life. - She was born Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim to Lt Col. Thomas Gwillim and Elizabeth Spinckes in the village of Aldwincle, Northamptonshire, England,[1] Her father died before her birth and her mother shortly afterwards. After her baptism, on the same day as her mother's burial, she was taken into the care of her mother's younger sister, Margaret. In commemoration of her posthumous birth, Elizabeth was given the middle name Posthuma. Her adopted mother, Margaret, married Admiral Samuel Graves on 14 June 1769 and she grew up at Graves's estate, Hembury Fort near Honiton in Devon. Gwillim was one of a group of friends that included Mary Anne Burges in Honiton.[2] - On 30 December 1782, Elizabeth married John Graves Simcoe, Admiral Graves's godson. Between the years 1784 and 1804, they had eleven children, among them Francis Simcoe, after whom they named Castle Frank. Nine survived to adulthood; Katherine, their only child to be born in Upper Canada, and John Cornwall Simcoe died in infancy. Katherine is buried at Fort York Garrison. - Elizabeth was a wealthy heiress, who acquired a 5,000-acre (2025 ha) estate near Honiton, Devon, and built Wolford Lodge, which remained the Simcoe family seat until 1923.[3] She is buried at Wolford Chapel. - Elizabeth Simcoe's diary provides a valuable impression of life in colonial Ontario. First published in 1911, there was a subsequent transcription published in 1965 and a paperback version at the turn of the 21st century, over 200 years after she wrote it. She also left a series of 595 watercolours that depict the town of York, Upper Canada. She proposed the naming of Scarborough Township, an eastern Toronto district, after Scarborough, North Yorkshire. The townships of North, East and West Gwillimbury, just south of Lake Simcoe, Ontario, are also named after her family. The Township of Whitchurch, today the town of Whitchurch–Stouffville, Ontario, honours her place of birth.[4] - In December 2007, a statue of Elizabeth Gwillim Simcoe was raised in the town of Bradford West Gwillimbury, when it commemorated the 150th anniversary of its incorporation. The statue stands in a small park in front of the Bradford post office, at the corner of John Street West and Barrie Street. -",2023-08-26 17:39:57 -Super 400 - Wikipedia,"Super 400 is Joe Daley on drums, Kenny Hohman on guitar and vocals, and Lori Friday on electric bass. The band formed in 1996 in Troy NY, and quickly gained legendary status in the Capital District of New York. Super 400 has an electric and relentless approach to their live shows, intuitively blending a classic 60s-70s heavy rock vibe with contemporary melodic pop mastery to create something uniquely their own. -Tours both in the US and abroad started a chain of bootleg recordings that have been traded and coveted around the world. Their international following sold out over 20 shows across Europe on their last tour. The love affair between the band and their hometown of Troy reached a milestone when they were honored by Mayor Harry Tutunjian’s declaration of February 25, 2006 as “Super 400 Day in Troy,” coinciding with the ten-year anniversary of the band’s first jam in a Troy warehouse loft. Super 400 recorded their most recent full-length, ‘Sweet Fist’, at legendary Ardent Studios in Memphis, TN, and followed the release with their biggest US tour to date. They’ve appeared on national television in the US and abroad, written music for top-rated shows on American television, and continue to light stages with their love and intense passion -for playing. Super 400 was inducted into the Capital Region Eddies Music Hall of Fame in 2022, as well as receiving the honor of Best Rock Band. -",2023-08-26 17:40:01 -Bengt Jönsson (swimmer) - Wikipedia," - Bengt Jönsson (born 24 December 1955) is a Swedish former swimmer. He competed in the men's 400 metre freestyle at the 1976 Summer Olympics.[1] - - This biographical article related to a Swedish swimmer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:05 -Loisian Seminary - Wikipedia,"Loisian Seminary was a girls' school in the U.S. state of New York. Founded in 1813, it was the first public school in Brooklyn.[1] - Up to the year 1813, there was no public and few private schools in Brooklyn. In that year, however, an enterprise originated which ultimately resulted in the establishment of the first public school. A number of charitable women of the city formed an organization and established a school known as the Loisian Seminary, named after Lois, the grandmother of Timothy the Apostle, and by whom he was instructed in the first principles of the Christian religion.[2] - The object of this organization was for the purpose of teaching poor children reading, writing, arithmetic, knitting, and sewing, at no cost. Twenty-four students were selected, who attended in rotation. - The school was run by five trustees, namely, Mrs. Ann Ayscough Sands, Mrs. Onderdonk, Mrs. Ireland, Mrs. Miller, Mrs. Moffat, and Miss Cunningham, secretary. Sands, whose name headed the subscribers, was the wife of Joshua Sands, who had been collector of the Port of New York and member of Congress. The trustees' duty was to attend at least once each week. They were assisted by two other women. They provided paper, books, and other materials as required. The trustees decided which children were to be admitted. Money for the rent of the room and providing books was raised by subscriptions and donations. The trustees saw to it that the children admitted in this school attended religious service in the churches to which they belonged. The trustees fixed the hours for keeping school open, and developed the regulations to run it. The students were selected by the trustees, and any one neglecting to attend without sufficient excuse was required to pay a fine of US$1.[2] - This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: W. G. Bishop & H. McCloskey's Manual of the Common Council of the City of Brooklyn for ... (1863) - - -",2023-08-26 17:40:09 -Sébastien Atlan - Wikipedia,"Sébastien Atlan (born 14 November 1984) is a French footballer who plays as a defender for Canet Roussillon FC. - - This biographical article related to association football in France, about a midfielder, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:13 -Penstemon gairdneri - Wikipedia," - Penstemon gairdneri is a species of perennial plant in the Plantaginaceae family with the common name Gairdner's beardtongue. It is native to Washington, Oregon, and Idaho in the western United States.[1][2] - Penstemon gairdneri grows from a low branched, woody base, forming erect flower-bearing stems 10 to 40 cm tall. It also often has short densely-leafy stems lacking flowers that form a basal mat. Leaves are numerous and linear, up to 4 cm long and less than 3 mm wide and attach directly to the stems with no petiole. The showy purple to lilac flowers form at the top of leafy stems in a loose elongated cluster. They have a tubular throat that flares into 5 petal-like segments.[2] - Penstemon gairdneri grows in open dry habitat in eastern Washington and Oregon and southern Idaho, in low to moderate elevation hills and mountains. It is common in thin rocky soils above basalt bedrock, where it is often the only common Penstemon species.[2] - Penstemon gairdneri contains the following varieties: - Tall flower-bearing stems and basal sterile stems - - This Plantaginaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:17 -Cattierite - Wikipedia,"Cattierite (CoS2) is a cobalt sulfide mineral found in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It was discovered together with the nickel sulfide vaesite by Johannes F. Vaes, a Belgian mineralogist and named after Felicien Cattier, who was chairman of the board of the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga.[6] - The mineral belongs to the pyrite group, in which all minerals share the same building principle. The metal in the oxidation state +2 forms a sodium chloride structure together with the anion S22−. This formalism recognizes that the sulfur atoms in pyrite occur in pairs with clear S-S bonds. - It occurs with pyrite, chalcopyrite and members of the linnaeite – polydymite group in ore deposits in carbonate rocks. In addition to the type locality in the Katanga district it is reported from Gansberg, Black Forest, Germany; near Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden; Bald Knob, near Sparta, Alleghany County, North Carolina and in the Fletcher mine of Reynolds County, Missouri.[3] - - This article about a specific sulfide mineral is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:21 -Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's individual road race - Wikipedia," - The women's road race, one of the cycling events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, took place on 29 July[2] over a course starting and ending on The Mall[3] and heading out of London into Surrey.[4] Nicole Cooke of Great Britain was the defending champion. - In heavy rain, the race and gold medal was won by Marianne Vos of the Netherlands. Great Britain's Lizzie Armitstead was second, collecting silver, and Russia's rider Olga Zabelinskaya won the bronze in third place.[5] - The provisional start list of 67 riders was published on 23 July.[6] The final start list of 66 riders[7] was corrected by the removal of Lee Wai Sze of Hong Kong to leave Hong Kong with the one place they had obtained under the qualification system, and the German team decided to replace Claudia Häusler with Charlotte Becker.[8] - The race started at 12:00 British Summer Time (UTC+01:00). The weather was cool and it was very rainy. At both the start and finish of the race it was pouring down with rain.[9] Due to the bad weather, the race saw a lot of punctures and incidents which caused riders to lose valuable time.[9] - After an unsuccessful attack from Janildes Silva Fernandes, Ellen van Dijk attacked after around 35 kilometres. A couple of other riders joined Van Dijk in her escape but the efforts were not successful, as the escapees were caught by the group. A few minutes later, Ellen van Dijk attacked again in an attempt to splinter the peloton but was soon reeled in again. After two short bursts from Ellen van Dijk and one from Loes Gunnewijk, the American Kristin Armstrong attacked on the climb of Box Hill, followed by Great Britain's Emma Pooley. When the bunch was back together, race favourite Marianne Vos attacked but was immediately followed by America's Shelley Olds and the bunch. After other attacks from Ellen van Dijk, Judith Arndt, Emma Pooley and Ellen van Dijk respectively, the bunch contained about 35 riders with 50 kilometers to go. At the beginning of the second of the two rounds of Box Hill, Marianne Vos attacked the bunch, joined by Lizzie Armitstead and the Belarus rider Alena Amialiusik but were unable to get away. After the descent of Box Hill there was a clear escape of Marianne Vos, Olga Zabelinskya, Lizzie Armitstead and Shelley Olds, who quickly made a gap of half a minute between themselves and the chasing posse. After a puncture of Shelley Olds the three remaining riders increased the distance between them and their pursuers to 48 seconds with 10 kilometres to go. After Zabelinskaya tried unsuccessful to escape with 2 kilometres to go, it was Vos who sprinted for the finish with about 200 metres to go. Armitstead tried to get after her but failed to do so and was beaten by a bike-length.[9] - In the table below, ""s.t."" indicates that the rider crossed the finish line in the same group as the cyclist before her, and was therefore credited with the same finishing time. - - The Dutch Team (Loes Gunnewijk, Ellen van Dijk, Annemiek van Vleuten and Marianne Vos) before the race - The peloton in southwest London, near the beginning of the women's road race - The peloton through Abinger Hammer -",2023-08-26 17:40:27 -Torrisdale Castle - Wikipedia," - Torrisdale Castle is a historic mansion residence, overlooking Torrisdale Bay, Argyll, south of Carradale, Kintyre, Scotland. The castle is situated at the edge of the village of Torrisdale. It is a category B listed building.[1] - The mansion was built in 1815, by General Keith Macalister, of Loup and Torrisdale in 1815.[2] Designed by architect James Gillespie Graham, the mansion is castellated and consists of two storeys and a basement. Further extensions occurred in the 1900s.[1] - The estate is home to the Macalister Hall family who have owned Torrisdale since 1890.[3] A number of lodges, cottages, houses and even an apartment within the castle are available as self-catering accommodation. An organic Tannery & gin distillery also run on the estate.[4] -  WikiMiniAtlas55°34′8″N 5°30′5″W / 55.56889°N 5.50139°W / 55.56889; -5.50139 -",2023-08-26 17:40:31 -Mueng Sunday - Wikipedia,"Muengnenshime Sunday Goshit (born 1 March 1994) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Tucson in USL League One. - Sunday played college soccer at Drake University between 2013 and 2016, scoring 4 goals and tallying 10 assists in 72 appearances for the Bulldogs.[1] - From 2014 and 2019, Sunday played with USL League Two sides Des Moines Menace, making a total of 39 regular season appearances for the club, scoring 3 goals during the 2014 season.[2][3][4][5][6][7] He helped Des Moines to three regular season championships and five Heartland Division titles during his time at the club. - Sunday signed with USL Championship side OKC Energy on 12 February 2021 following a successful tryout in 2020. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, Sunday was unable to officially sign with Energy FC until 2021.[8] He made his professional debut on 24 April 2021, starting in a 3–1 loss to FC Tulsa.[9] - Sunday signed with FC Tucson on 23 March 2022.[10] -",2023-08-26 17:40:35 -"Shur Gol, Bileh Savar - Wikipedia"," - Shur Gol (Persian: شورگل, also Romanized as Shūr Gol)[3] is a village in Qeshlaq-e Jonubi Rural District of Qeshlaq Dasht District, Bileh Savar County, Ardabil province, Iran. - At the 2006 census, its population was 650 in 126 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 641 people in 151 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 405 people in 107 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.[2] - - This Bileh Savar County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:39 -Misteriosa Bank - Wikipedia,"The Misteriosa Bank (Spanish: Placer de la Misteriosa)[1] is a submerged bank or atoll in the Caribbean Sea, located at  WikiMiniAtlas18°48′N 83°54′W / 18.800°N 83.900°W / 18.800; -83.900 – approximately equidistant from Mexico (380 km or 210 nmi), Honduras (345 km or 186 nmi) and Cuba (320 km or 170 nmi). - The Misteriosa Bank is 39 km (24 mi) long and 3 to 11 km (1.9 to 6.8 mi) wide. Its area is 322 km2 (124 sq mi).[2] Immediately south of it is Rosario Bank. The closest piece of land is the Swan Islands, Honduras, 140 km (76 nmi) to the south and separated from it by the more than 5,000-metre-deep (16,000 ft) Cayman Trough. The reported depth is 20 metres (66 ft) on the average[3] or up to 22 metres (72 ft), with depths of 14–18 metres (46–59 ft) along the rim,[2] or 12.8–49 metres (42–161 ft).[4] It is part of the Cayman Ridge.[5][6] - The bank was first reported by Spanish navigator Tomás Nicolás de Villa in April 1787.[1] - In the 19th century Charles Darwin mentioned the Misteriosa Bank as an example of the sharply descending coral reef in his work Coral Reefs:[7] - Besides the coast-banks, there are many of various dimensions which stand quite isolated; these closely resemble each other, they lie from two or three to twenty or thirty fathoms [4 to 55 m] under water, and are composed of sand, sometimes firmly agglutinated, with little or no coral; their surfaces are smooth and nearly level, shelving only to the amount of a few fathoms, very gradually all round towards their edges, where they plunge abruptly into the unfathomable sea. This steep inclination of their sides, which is likewise characteristic of the coast-banks, is very remarkable: I may give as an instance, the Misteriosa Bank, on the edges of which the soundings change in 250 fathoms [460 m] horizontal distance, from 11 to 210 fathoms [20 to 380 m]... Currently a buoy has been anchored to the seabed of this feature. It appears to have been claimed by the Principality of New Utopia. The placing of the buoy was filmed by a German film crew and broadcast by Arte television on satellite. -New Utopia maintains no state claims and wants to build a form of micronation on top of it, using concrete blocks. - This Cayman Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Honduras location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a specific oceanic location or ocean current is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:43 -1991 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team - Wikipedia," - The 1991 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented Appalachian State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their third year under head coach Jerry Moore, the Mountaineers compiled an overall record of 8–4 with a conference mark of 5–1. Appalachian State was SoCon champion and advanced to the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship playoffs, where they lost to Eastern Kentucky in the first round. - - This college football 1990s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:46 -Idols South Africa (season 15) - Wikipedia," - The fifteenth season of South African Idols premiered on 7 July 2019, 17:30 SAST and concluded on 17 November 2019 on the Mzansi Magic TV. The season was won by Luyolo Yiba and the runner-up was Sneziey Msomi. - ProVerb remained as the show's host and an executive producer, while Somizi Mhlongo, Unathi Nkayi and Randall Abrahams also remained as the main judges, with guest judges at each of the four audition cities. The next season was showcasing on 2 August 2020. - A total of 86 golden tickets were issued at all four stops including pop-up stops this season.[2] Season 15 came with many surprises defying the history of the show, rules changed a bit during theatre week, back up singers were provided, with no backing required from the contestants, each contestant had to out-perform the other, and for the first time, 17 contestants were selected for the next round instead of the traditional 16 to accommodate twins Viggy and Virginia Qwabe. - The judges' job was now over and it was now up to the public to vote for their favourite contestant to advance to the next level of the competition, two methods were introduced to the public, every contestant was allocated a unique voting number. Contestants could be voted either by SMS, the voting number remained the same as other seasons 37400, or voting could be done for free on www.idolssa.tv. -",2023-08-26 17:40:49 -Electrek - Wikipedia," - Electrek is an American news website dedicated to electric transportation and sustainable energy.[2] Electrek is known for its extensive, positive coverage of electric transportation in general and Tesla specifically. Their positive coverage of Tesla has been criticized by some automotive journalists.[3][4][5] -Its main authors have disclosed ownership of Tesla stock, substantial profit from referrals to Tesla, and ownership of Tesla cars.[6][2] The owner, Seth Weintraub, also disclosed near total divestment from Tesla stock on January 14, 2020.[7] - Founded in 2013 by Seth Weintraub in New York, the site is part of the 9to5 network.[8][9] In 2015, Fred Lambert joined Electrek as a contributing writer, later having been promoted over the years and becoming Editor-in-Chief. [10][11] - - This article about a news website is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:40:53 -Next Delhi Legislative Assembly election - Wikipedia," - Arvind Kejriwal -AAP - - General election to the Legislative Assembly of Delhi for all 70 constituencies is scheduled to be held in or before February 2025.[1][2][3] - The previous Assembly elections were held in February 2020. After the election, the Aam Aadmi Party formed the state government, with Arvind Kejriwal becoming Chief Minister for a third term. The tenure of Delhi Legislative Assembly is scheduled to end on 15 February 2025.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:40:57 -1991 in LGBT rights - Wikipedia,"This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 1991. - -",2023-08-26 17:41:00 -Mayor of Horowhenua - Wikipedia," -The Mayor of Horowhenua officiates over the Horowhenua District of New Zealand's North Island.[1] - Bernie Wanden has been mayor since 2019.[1] Before being elected as mayor, he had served as a Horowhenua councillor. - Since its inception in 1989, Horowhenua District has had five mayors: -",2023-08-26 17:41:04 -Harald Strøm - Wikipedia,"Harald Strøm (14 October 1897 – 25 December 1977) was a Norwegian speed skater, world champion, European champion and world record holder on 5000 metres. He was also a football player, national champion with his club, and playing for the national football team. - He set his first speed skating world record on 5000m in 1921 (8:27.7), being the first to break the magic 8:30.[1] He improved his own record in 1922 (8:26.5). His record lasted for seven years, until Ivar Ballangrud overtook the record with 8:24.2 in 1929.[1] - Strøm won a gold medal at the 1922 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men, winning both the 5000m and 10000m, and he received a silver medal in 1923.[2] He received a gold medal at the 1923 European Allround Championships, where he also won the 5000m distance. - He was flag bearer for Norway at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix. He finished 5th on the three longest distances, and 4th allround. He represented Horten SK. - Over the course of his career, Strøm skated two world records: - Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com[3] - Source: Sports-reference.com[4]& SpeedSkatingNews.info[5] - An overview of medals won by Strøm at important championships he participated in, listing the years in which he won each: - Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com[3] & Skoyteforbundet.no[6] - Strøm played for the football club Ørn Horten, and became two times Norwegian champion, in 1920 and in 1927. Strøm also played in the Cup final in 1916 and 1926, which Ørn lost. He played sixteen matches for the Norwegian national team between 1918 and 1927.[7] - Harald Strøm was awarded Egebergs Ærespris in 1921.[8] -",2023-08-26 17:41:07 -Jon Rigby - Wikipedia," - Jonathan Kendall Rigby (born 31 January 1965)[1] is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Norwich City,[2] Aldershot[3] and Cambridge United.[4] - Rigby was born in Bury St Edmunds, and began his career with Norwich City, with whom he won a FA Youth Cup winner's medal in 1983.[1] A forward, he made ten first-team appearances for Norwich, without scoring, and after that he played for Aldershot and Cambridge United. Summers 1983-1987 he played in Finland, Kokkola for Kokkolan Palloseura (KPS). In Finland he played in second-, third-, and fourth-highest division's. He retired from the professional game due to a pelvic injury, then played non-league football in Norfolk for Thetford Town and Wroxham.[5] - - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a forward born in the 1960s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:41:10 -John Ward (rugby) - Wikipedia," - John William Ward (29 January 1873[3] – 30 April 1939[4]) was an English rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England, and at club level for Castleford RUFC (captain) (in Castleford, Wakefield),[5] as a forward, e.g. prop, hooker, lock, number eight, or flanker,[1] and club level rugby league (RL) for Castleford and Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № tbc) .[2][6] - John Ward won caps for England while at Castleford rugby union club in 1896 Home Nations Championship in the 25–0 victory over wales Wales at Rectory Field, Blackheath on Saturday 4 January 1896, the 4–10 defeat by Ireland at Meanwood Road, Leeds -on Saturday 1 February 1896, and the 0–10 defeat by Scotland at Old Hampden Park, Glasgow on Saturday 14 March 1896.[1] - John Ward was a licensed victualler at a number of public houses including, The King William IV (""King Billy"") in Cutsyke, Castleford, and The Victoria Hotel, (""The Vic"") in Hemsworth.[7] - The Every Picture Tells a Story web page on the BBC website states that ""He also went on to play Rugby League for Great Britain"", Great Britain's first international was in 1908 when John ""Willie"" Ward would have been 34, and England's first international was in 1904 when John Ward would have been 31, but there is no additional evidence of that John Ward played in these, or other, test matches. However, a Billy Ward won caps for England while at Leeds in 1910, and 1911, and won a cap for Great Britain while at Leeds on the 1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, but John ""Willie"" Ward would have been 37, and likely too old to be playing international rugby, and there is no evidence of him playing for Leeds. - The Every Picture Tells a Story web page on the BBC website also states that ""He was playing and captaining the Castleford Rugby Union side and then they changed over to Rugby League and he became captain of the Rugby League side"", however Castleford rugby union club continued through the rugby schism of 1895, winning rugby union's Yorkshire Challenge Cup in 1896, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1906, and 1908, in the same era that Castleford rugby league club were playing in the Northern Rugby Football Union Competition, and Castleford rugby union club are still in existence today. -",2023-08-26 17:41:14 -95.6 FM - Wikipedia,"The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 95.6 MHz: -",2023-08-26 17:41:17 -Melissa DiMarco - Wikipedia,"Melissa DiMarco is a Canadian actress, producer, and television personality. She has made acting appearances in feature films and television. She is best known for her role as Daphne Hatzilakos in the teen drama series Degrassi: The Next Generation (2002-2010) and as the host and showrunner of her own syndicated television program Out There with Melissa DiMarco. - On television, one of DiMarco's best-known acting parts was in the teen drama series Degrassi: The Next Generation as Daphne Hatzilakos, teacher and later Principal of Degrassi Community School. She played Hatzilakos for eight seasons (2002 - 2010). DiMarco's TV credits include the CBC soap opera Riverdale and guest-starring spots on series such as Due South, Blue Murder, The Hardy Boys, Psi Factor, Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, Relic Hunter, and Kojak.[1] - Her film credits include roles in Peter Bogdanovich's Hustle: The Pete Rose Story, Duct Tape Forever (the film adaptation of The Red Green Show), The Rest of My Life: Degrassi Takes Manhattan, and Degrassi Spring Break Movie. She also appeared in Danny DeVito's dark comedy, Death to Smoochy.[2] - She also directed, produced, and wrote Dreamseeker: Nia Vardalos, an award-winning documentary on the rise of Nia Vardalos[3] of My Big Fat Greek Wedding fame and was the host and producer of Nite Life, an entertainment show that focused on celebrity interviews and the nightclub, bar, and concert scene, which aired on OMNI.[4] - Since 2004, DiMarco has hosted the Out There with Melissa DiMarco television comedy which airs on Citytv's national network and The Biography Channel.[5] Excerpts from DiMarco's celebrity interviews also air on OUTtv.[6] The show mixes celebrity interviews with scripted comedy that takes a behind-the-scenes look at the life of an entertainment journalist (played by DiMarco). Among the celebrities she has interviewed on the show are Pierce Brosnan, George Clooney, Cameron Diaz, Colin Farrell, Salma Hayek, Queen Latifah, Ludacris, Matthew McConaughey, Brad Pitt, and Gene Simmons.[7] Updates and excerpts from these interviews are syndicated internationally. Out There has been recognized for Outstanding Achievement in Creative Excellence at the 39th U.S. International Film and Video Festival.[8] - DiMarco is a Dean's Honour Roll graduate of the Fine Arts Program at York University[9] and is a member of the Canadian Association of Journalists, the Academy of Canadian Cinema, and WIFT-T (Women in Film & Television Toronto).[10] -",2023-08-26 17:41:21 -Norman Giles - Wikipedia,"Norman Henry Giles (August 6, 1915 – October 16, 2006) was an American microbial geneticist who studied mutations of Neurospora crassa. - Norman H. Giles was a pioneer in genetics research. He was a member of the Botany Department at Yale University starting as an Instructor in Botany and rising to Professor of Biology (1951-1961). He then became Professor of Genetics (1961-1972). In 1972 Giles accepted a professorship at the University of Georgia where he established an active program in genetics that in 1980 became the Department of Genetics. He retired in 1986. Giles made important scientific contributions in the areas of intragenic complementation, gene conversion and analysis of gene clusters. His early work on intragenic complementation led to the insight that complementation between allelic mutants is of widespread occurrence and likely involves interactions occurring in the cytoplasm between defective gene products, that is between polypeptides.[1] This early insight led to numerous further studies of intragenic complementation that amplified this initial insight (see for example[2]). - - This article about an American scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:41:25 -Guto Ferreira - Wikipedia,"Augusto Sérgio ""Guto"" Ferreira (born 7 September 1965) is a Brazilian professional football coach, currently the head coach of Ceará. - Born in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Ferreira began his career with hometown side XV de Piracicaba. After a quick spell at Guarani as a performance analyst, he joined São Paulo's youth sides in 1995. - In 2000, after spending three years with the youth teams, Ferreira was named assistant coach of Internacional; in 2002, he was named interim after the dismissal of Ivo Wortmann. He won that year's Campeonato Gaúcho and was permanently appointed as head coach on 4 June 2002,[1] but was still sacked on 26 August.[2] - On 15 May 2003, Ferreira was appointed head coach of Noroeste.[3] The following 17 August he moved abroad, joining Segunda Liga side F.C. Penafiel. - On 4 February 2004, Ferreira was dismissed.[4] He was appointed at the helm of Associação Naval 1º de Maio on 4 March,[5] but was relieved of his duties on 12 September. - In 2005 Ferreira returned to Brazil, being appointed at Corinthians Alagoano.[6] After a spell at 15 de Novembro-RS, he returned to Internacional in 2008, again as an assistant; he was also an interim in June 2008, after the departure of Abel Braga.[7] - In the following two years, Ferreira managed Mogi Mirim (two stints),[8] Criciúma[9] and ABC.[10] On 24 September 2012, he was appointed head coach of Ponte Preta.[11] - Ferreira was dismissed on 6 June 2013,[12] and on 28 July he was named Portuguesa head coach, with the side seriously threatened with relegation.[13] He managed to finish 12th with the club, but the side ultimately suffered relegation due to irregularly fielding in a player; in the following February, he resigned.[14] - On 24 July 2014, immediately after leaving Figueirense,[15] Ferreira returned to Ponte.[16] He was sacked on 3 August 2015,[17] and was appointed head coach of Chapecoense on 14 September.[18] - On 24 June 2016, Ferreira left Chape after agreeing to a deal with Bahia.[19] He left the club in the same manner the following 30 May, after returning to Inter, now in the first team.[20] - On 11 November 2017, after a 1–1 draw against Vila Nova and thus losing the leadership of 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Ferreira was relieved from his duties.[21] On 26 December, he returned to Bahia,[22] but was sacked the following 3 June.[23] - On 7 August 2018, Ferreira was appointed head coach of Chape for the second time,[24] but was dismissed on 15 October.[25] On 20 February of the following year, he took over Sport Recife,[26] helping in their promotion to the first division at the end of the season but being dismissed on 13 February 2020 after a poor start of the campaign.[27] - On 18 March 2020, Ferreira was named Ceará head coach in the place of Enderson Moreira.[28] He was sacked by the club on 29 August of the following year, after nearly 100 matches in charge.[29] - On 6 October 2021, Ferreira returned to Bahia for a third spell, replacing Diego Dabove.[30] He was kept in charge of the club despite their relegation, but was dismissed on 26 June 2022.[31] - On 16 August 2022, Ferreira returned to the top tier after being announced as head coach of Coritiba.[32] On 9 December, despite avoiding relegation, he was sacked,[33] and was announced in charge of fellow top tier side Goiás the following day.[34] - On 10 April 2023, after losing the 2023 Campeonato Goiano, Ferreira was sacked by Goiás,[35] and returned to Ceará on 29 June.[36] -",2023-08-26 17:41:31 -Brandon Plewe - Wikipedia," Brandon S. Plewe is a geographer and Associate Professor of geography at Brigham Young University.[1][2][3][4] - Plewe earned his Ph.D. in geography from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1997. He specializes in Historical geography and historical GIS, applying it to research on topics such as the history of Utah and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[1][2][4] Plewe was an early contributor to the body of literature surrounding web mapping and web GIS, and has participated in projects that have had tremendous influence on the discipline of Geographic Information Science.[5][6][7] - Plewe has been a professor at Brigham Young University since 1996 and has been an associate professor since 2014.[1][2][4] He has taught geography and courses related to Geographic information systems there since 1997.[1][2][4] He served as the president of the North American Cartographic Information Society (NACIS) between 2008 and 2009.[8] He served as the president of the Cartography and Geographic Information Society (CaGIS) between 2005 and 2006.[2] - He has been an author of at least fifteen peer-reviewed journal articles and served as an editor on and contributed to the Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge (GISTBoK).[2][7] These contributions included creating the cover design of the GISTBoK.[7] His publications have centered geographically on the history of Utah and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[1][4][9] His primary focus has been on historical GIS, and his publication titled “The nature of uncertainty in historical geographic information” is listed as one of the “Key readings in Conceptual Foundations” within the GISTBoK.[7][10] He has authored several books, atlases, and book chapters, including: - In addition to Plewe's academic career, he has worked as a tour guide for the company ""Utah Luxury Tours.""[13] - Plewe has won numerous awards for his maps, atlases, and service. - These include: - Plewe grew up in St. George, Utah.[13] He is married and has five children.[1][4] He is active in the LDS church.[2] He enjoys hiking and is committed to trail preservation.[3][13] -",2023-08-26 17:41:34 -1978 Speedway World Pairs Championship - Wikipedia,"The 1978 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the ninth FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship.[1][2][3] The final took place in Chorzów, Poland. The championship was won by England who beat New Zealand after Run-Off (both 24 points). Bronze medal was won by Denmark (21 points).[4] - m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fellns - non-starter • nc - non-classify - - This motorcycle speedway competition-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:41:39 -USS E. B. Hale - Wikipedia,"The USS E. B. Hale was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used as a gunboat by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries. - E: B. Hale, a screw steamer, was purchased in July 1861, and commissioned 4 September 1861, Acting Master W. J. Foster in command. - She sailed 28 September for Washington, D.C., and from her arrival 1 October patrolled the Potomac River. On 14 November she sailed to deliver six heavy guns to the New York Navy Yard. - E. B. Hale left New York City 20 December 1861 to join the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and arrived at Port Royal, South Carolina, New Year's Eve. She combed the inland waters of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, including reconnaissance in Wright's and Mud Rivers and up the Ashepoo and Combahee in South Carolina. - She participated in attacks on the enemy at Port Royal Ferry, in the Coosaw River and the North Edisto River, and took part in the expeditions up to St. Johns River Bluff. On 14 November 1862 E. B. Hale captured the schooner Wave with a cargo of cotton and turpentine, and on 11 December sailed for New York where she was decommissioned for repairs. - Recommissioned 18 February 1863, E. B. Hale stood out for Port Royal 9 March and during the next 2 years served on patrol and picket duty, having frequent encounters with the Confederates. - She put to sea from Port Royal 24 April 1865 and five days later arrived at the Philadelphia Navy Yard where she was placed out of commission 11 May 1865 and sold 20 June. - This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. -",2023-08-26 17:41:42 -Mascom - Wikipedia," - Mascom Wireless Proprietary Limited, is a Botswana mobile telecommunications company. Its head office is in Gaborone.[1] It was established in Gaborone, Botswana on February 17, 1998.[2] - The company was first licensed on 17 February 1998.[3][4] It was founded by Strive Masiyiwa.[5] - Until 2003, Portugal Telecom owned a controlling stake in the company.[6][7] In 2005, MTN Group purchased a 44% stake in Mascom for $128 million.[8] - In 2016, Dzene Makhwade-Seboni was appointed Chief Operations Officer and became CEO of the company in 2019.[9] - It provides the widest coverage in Botswana, reaching over 95% of the population.[10] - Mascom offers users mobile internet via EDGE, 3G, 4G and 4.5G, 4G wingle. Mascom also offer internet service via FTTH (Fiber To The Home). On the 25th of February 2022, Mascom has been the first mobile telecommunication to introduce 5G on four different places around Gaborone.[citation needed] - Mascom Wireless Stall at the World telecommunications and information society day 2017 (WTISD 2017) - - This Botswana-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:41:45 -Geography of Rosario - Wikipedia," - - Rosario is the largest city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and the third most populous in the country, after Córdoba and Buenos Aires. It is located about 300 km (190 mi) north of Buenos Aires, on the Western shore of the Paraná River, and it has about 910,000 inhabitants. It is surrounded by smaller cities and towns that form a metropolitan area (Greater Rosario) with a population of about 1.2 million according to the 2001 census [INDEC]. - The municipality of Rosario measures 178.69 square kilometres (68.99 sq mi) (not all of them are fully urbanized). Its extreme points are: - The geographical center is approximately at  WikiMiniAtlas32°57′2″S 60°42′15″W / 32.95056°S 60.70417°W / -32.95056; -60.70417. - The city is located on a smoothly undulated plain typical of the Pampas, between 22.5 and 24.6 metres above mean sea level; the original settlement rests on the ravine on the right-hand shore of the Paraná, opposite a group of islands of the Paraná Delta which are partly in the jurisdiction of the province of Entre Ríos. The nearest city across the river's flood plain (60 km) is Victoria, Entre Ríos, linked to Rosario by the Rosario-Victoria Bridge. - The Rosario area has a Pampean temperate climate. There is a hot season from November to March (with temperature extremes between 18 and 32 °C), and a cold season between June and mid-August (between 5 and 16 °C). Summer is rainier than winter. Local residents often complain about high levels of humidity throughout the year. - The last instance of snow was in the winter of 1973, being clearly an exceptional phenomenon (hail is not, though it is also quite rare). - Parts of the city are subject to flooding, but large events have historically been exceptional. The possibility of serious earthquakes is also remote, and other hazards such as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions are virtually impossible. - Rosario lies on the tall ravine of the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, in a place where the ravine separates from the river and there is a natural slope to the low shore, known as Bajada Sargento Cabral (after sergeant Juan Bautista Cabral, who died during the Battle of San Lorenzo). For a long time this was the only access to the port, until several cuts were made in the walls of the ravine. - The point of origin of the city is the Plaza 25 de Mayo (""25 May Square""), now surrounded by the Municipality (Palacio de los Leones), the Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary, the Central Post Office building, the Decorative Art Museum and the emblematic building called La Bola de Nieve (""The Snowball""). The streets follow a remarkably regular pattern called damero (a checkerboard grid), except in the zone around the Bajada Sargento Cabral, where the streets are somewhat more irregular due to terrain features. - Two main arteries are to be noted in Rosario's urban structure: Oroño Boulevard, going from north to south, and Pellegrini Avenue, from east to west. These streets, together with the river, mark the boundaries of the town center. Their characters are rather different. Oroño has an air of distinction, it is flanked by old buildings and mansions, and it has a wide central reservation that is profusely hoisted, with a walking path devoted to pedestrians and cyclists. Pellegrini is wide and noisy, with a high flow of transit; it is one of the commercial centers of the city, where numerous restaurants and ice-cream shops can be found. The beginning of Pellegrini Ave. is flanked by an important public park, the Parque Urquiza. - Downtown, Córdoba Street is the main one. Córdoba begins in the park surrounding the National Flag Memorial (probably the single most recognizable landmark in the city), goes up to the city center, and it becomes a pedestrian walk for seven blocks, between Plaza 25 de Mayo and Plaza Pringles. Along Córdoba to the west there is the Paseo del Siglo (""Walk of the Century""), thus called because the houses of the wealthiest families of Rosario at the beginning of the 20th century can be found along Córdoba, from Plaza Pringles to Oroño Boulevard. On Córdoba Street there is also Plaza San Martín, surrounded by buildings that formerly housed the Tribunals and the Police, and now the seats of universities, museums and the delegation of the provincial government. - Out of Plaza 25 de Mayo, towards the river, between the cathedral and the municipal building, there is Pasaje Juramento (""Oath Passage""), leading to the Flag Memorial. - Also in the town center there is Peatonal San Martín (the pedestrian-only four blocks of San Martín Street, from Peatonal Córdoba south up to Mendoza Street), and two large open squares, Plaza Montenegro and Plaza Sarmiento, among other important spots. Other important commercial streets are Corrientes, San Luis and Santa Fe. - At the confluence of Oroño and Pellegrini starts the Parque de la Independencia (""Independence Park""), that houses the Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum, the Newell's Old Boys football club, and the sports clubs Provincial and Gimnasia y Esgrima, as well as the horse racetrack and the former Sociedad Rural (Rural Society). - Through the years, Rosario has spread in all directions. Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez. - To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main neighborhoods in the south are La Tablada, Parque Casado, Las Heras, Las Delicias and Las Flores. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream (the natural border with Villa Gobernador Gálvez). - Among the neighborhoods in the west are Echesortu, Belgrano, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy and Fisherton (near the west end of the city, formerly home of hierarchical personnel of English railroad companies established in Rosario). - To the north-east there lie the neighborhoods of Pichincha (a red-light district in early 20th century, now home to an open-air antiquities fair: Mercado de antigüedades ""Feria Retro La Huella""), Ludueña, Lisandro de la Torre (home of the Rosario Central football club) and Empalme Graneros; these last three are in the influence area of the Ludueña Stream, now contained by underground piping, but until the 1980s a source of floods. - Next to the Rosario Central stadium there is a large park, Parque Alem, and not far from it there stands the Sorrento thermoelectric power plant. North from the Lisandro de la Torre neighborhood there are Alberdi (formerly an independent town), La Florida (with a popular beach resort of the same name) and Rucci. - The main streets in the north are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the north exit of the city, the access to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge and the town of Granadero Baigorria). These major arteries are crossed by several avenues: Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento and Puccio. - An important part of Rosario's urban character is its coastline. The city recovered the shore of the Paraná not long ago, thanks to a reorganization of terrains owned by the port and the national railroad system that took up the space. Going from the center immediately north of the port, the coastline is occupied by parks: Parque Nacional a la Bandera, Parque de España, Parque de las Colectividades and Parque Sunchales. - The Parque de España was funded by Spain's government and was inaugurated in 1993 in the presence of the King and Queen of Spain. The park connects the low shore with the ravine by stairs, under which a culture center is built. The culture center was the seat of some events of the Third International Congress of the Spanish Language (which took place wholly in Rosario, from 17 to 20 November 2004). -",2023-08-26 17:41:50 -"Little Flower High School, Hyderabad - Wikipedia"," - Little Flower High School is a missionary educational institution based in Hyderabad, India. It teaches students from lower Kindergarten up to 10th grade level. - Little Flower High School (LFHS) was established in July 1953 by the Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel, founded by the 17th century French priest and Catholic saint, Saint Louis de Montfort. The school was set up to mark the centenary celebrations of All Saints High School, Hyderabad. - For two years consecutively in 2001-2003, LFHS was named as the best school in the twin cities and one of the ten best schools in India, according to a survey conducted by Outlook magazine.[1][2] The school has also been consistently ranked among the ten best schools in India by a survey conducted by educationworldwideonline.net. The school was rated as the country's second best school for excellence in computer education by the Government of India,[citation needed] and the award was received by Principal Franky Noronha from president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in an official ceremony. - The school's alumni include V. V. S. Laxman,[citation needed] Arshad Ayub,[citation needed] Suresh Reddy,[citation needed] former Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana E.S.L. Narasimhan,[citation needed] and Nandamuri Balakrishna.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 17:41:54 -Ernest Truex - Wikipedia,"Ernest Truex (September 19, 1889 – June 26, 1973) was an American actor of stage, film, and television. - Truex was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He learned acting at an early age after his father, a doctor, treated actor Edwin Melvin, who paid his bill by giving the son elocution lessons.[1] He started acting at age five and toured through Missouri at age nine as ""The Child Wonder in Scenes from Shakespeare"". - As a young man, he lived in Denver and was among the supporting actors at the Elitch Theatre, appearing during the 1903,1904,1905,1906 and 1907 seasons. Truex began his career of ""walk-ons"" at Elitch while he was still a student at East High School (where his classmates included Douglas Fairbanks and Harold Lloyd.)[2] Among his performances at the theatre were the play of When Knighthood Was in Flower with Maude Fealy.[3] and Tess of the d'Urbervilles, which featured Tyrone Power Sr. and a young Cecil B. DeMille in the supporting cast.[4] In 1906, he appeared in several shows with young Colorado natives, Douglas Fairbanks and Spring Byington.[5] - His Broadway debut came in Wildfire (1908),[6] and he performed in several David Belasco plays and portrayed the title role in the 1915 musical Very Good Eddie. Truex played the lead role in the disastrous 1923 premiere of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Vegetable.[7] In 1927, he created the role of Bill Paradene in Good Morning, Bill, which was based on an original play by Ladislas Fodor and adapted by P.G. Wodehouse.[8] - In 1926, he performed for the first time in London's West End. He played a leading role in The Fall Guy at the Apollo Theatre. He continued to perform in plays in London for the next three years while his two sons attended Leighton Park School in Reading. In 1927, he acted in Good Morning, Bill at the Duke of York's Theatre and in 1928 he performed in Sexes and Sevens at the Globe Theatre. In 1930, he appeared on Broadway in Ritzy. - He made his film debut in 1913, but did not work in film full-time for another 20 years. He tended to play ""milquetoast"" characters and in The Warrior's Husband he played a ""nance"". In the 1938 The Adventures of Marco Polo, he played Marco Polo's comical assistant, opposite Gary Cooper. - Early in television, Truex guest starred on Faye Emerson's Wonderful Town. In 1949, he starred in The Truex Family on WPIX in New York City.[9] Also in that year, he played Caspar Milquetoast on the DuMont Television Network's Program Playhouse Series.[citation needed] From 1953 to 1954, he co-starred with Brandon deWilde in Jamie. He played aging Grandpa McHummer striking a bond with young Jamie, his recently orphaned grandson.[10] In the early 1960s, he played Gladys' father on Pete and Gladys.[1] - In later life, he became known for playing elderly men on television in works such as Justice, Mister Peepers, Hazel, and Father Knows Best. He had the main role in the ""Kick the Can"" episode of Rod Serling's original The Twilight Zone (with his son Barry). In another Twilight Zone episode, ""What You Need"" (airing on December 25, 1959), he played a traveling peddler who just happened to have exactly what people needed just before they knew they needed it.[11] - He starred in the first season (1958-1959) of The Ann Sothern Show as Jason Macauley, the manager of the swank Bartley House hotel in New York City. Reta Shaw played his domineering wife Flora. In 1960, Truex appeared with Harpo Marx in the episode ""Silent Panic"" of the anthology series The DuPont Show with June Allyson. He guest starred on the sitcom Dennis the Menace, with Jay North as the series lead. - Truex’s first wife was Julia Mills, with whom he had two sons, Philip in 1911 and James in 1912. Philip had an acting career until the early 1950s. Philip Truex's greatest success in the theatre was when he landed the starring role of Og in the Broadway musical Finian's Rainbow in 1947. His most famous film performance is the title role in Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble with Harry (1955) as Harry, the corpse dragged all over the countryside by several other characters in this film. Philip had expected to have substantial lines to speak in the role but Hitchcock decided to kill off the character of Harry before he could utter one word. After this disappointment Philip decided to give up acting completely and turned his hand to landscape gardening. - A widower, Ernest Truex married stage actress Mary Jane Barrett, appearing with her in New York in such plays as The Third Little Show, (1931), The Hook-Up (1935), and Fredericka (1937). They had one child, Barry Truex, who had an acting career of his own from 1949 to the early 1960s. His career began in 1949 when he played the role of Ernest's youngest son in the TV situation comedy The Truex Family, broadcast on WPIX New York. All of Ernest Truex's immediate family had acting parts in this show, which was co-written by his second son James Truex. In 1962, Barry again played opposite his father in the episode ""Kick the Can"" of the TV series The Twilight Zone. Barry's more memorable film roles were in The Benny Goodman Story playing the young Benny Goodman (1956), Rockabilly Baby (1957), and Dragstrip Riot (1958). He also acted in numerous TV productions. - In 1934, Ernest Truex directed, co-produced, and starred in the play Sing and Whistle, which co-starred actress Sylvia Field. She later became his third wife, upon his divorce from Barrett. - On June 26, 1973, Truex died of a heart attack at the age of 83. -",2023-08-26 17:41:57 -Julian Clifford Holmes - Wikipedia,"Julian Clifford Holmes (November 20, 1930 – December 16, 2012) was an American physicist, rocket scientist, inventor, political activist and environmental gadfly. - Holmes was born in Portland, Maine. The son of mathematics teachers Cecil T. and Marion C. Holmes, he studied physics at Bowdoin College, from which he was hired in 1951, by the Rocketry Division of the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, D.C, where he spent his entire career, retiring as a GS 14 Government physicist on December 30, 1985.[1] - At NRL, Holmes’ career evolved with the Cold War. He developed countermeasure sensors for detecting distant nuclear events, and designed aeronomy instrumentation for the Navy's Aerobee class of scientific rockets during the Navy's technological transition from cathode ray tube electronics to solid-state electronics. He also developed formulas for interpreting data captured by these rockets' returning payloads, bringing a better understanding of the nature of the earth's ionosphere, and of the effects of solar fluxes and manmade chemicals on it.[2] - In the course of his work, Holmes was awarded six patents for inventions relating to electronic countermeasures, development of instrumentation for the Aerobee rocket series, and for interpretation of data from Aerobee and other rockets.[3] - In addition to his scientific and engineering achievements, Holmes was a citizen activist, stimulating reforms in rural Maryland county zoning laws in the 1960s and 1970s.[4] Holmes used Grand juries to investigate corruption in the 1980s.[5] In 1993 Holmes returned to Maine with companion Audrey Marra. There he helped enact a ban on the sale of controversial gasoline additive MTBE in that state.[6] He became an advocate for forestry reform and island conservation, playing a key role in the rejection of an industrial port on pristine Sears Island in Penobscot Bay.[7] - Holmes died in Lewiston, Maine on December 16, 2012. -",2023-08-26 17:41:59 -Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award - Wikipedia,"The Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Awards is a biennial honor presented by the United States National Postal Museum. The award is designed to recognize individuals for ""...outstanding lifetime accomplishments in the field of philately. The achievements can include original research that significantly advances our understanding of philately and postal history; exceptional service to the philatelic community, and, the overall promotion of philately for the benefit of current and future collectors."" The award was first given in 2002.[1] - - This philatelic article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Smithsonian Institution article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:03 -Rudolf Sivers - Wikipedia,"Rudolf Ferdinandovich Sivers (1892–1918) was a Russian revolutionary and military leader. - Sivers was born in Saint Petersburg on 23 November 1892. - A veteran of World War I, after the February Revolution he joined Bolshevik party and became a chief editor of ""Entrenched Truth"" newspaper in the 12th Army. At the end of July 1917 he was arrested by the Russian Provisional Government for defeatism, but was released during the October Revolution. - At the start of the Russian Civil War, Sivers led Red Guards and sailors in the battle at Pulkovo against forces of Krasnov–Kerensky. Soon thereafter in November 1917 along with his troops he was dispatched to Ukraine and the South Russia (Don River region). On 23 February 1918 Sivers' forces occupied Rostov-na-Donu and then Taganrog. In March – April 1918 Sivers was put in charge of the 2nd Special Army (originally the 5th Army) and fought against the advancing forces of Central Powers near Kharkiv and Kupyansk despite the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The army was eventually merged with the Voronezh Detachment. - Since summer of 1918 Sivers fought at the Russian Southern Front commanded the 1st Special Ukrainian Brigade as part of the 9th Army against the forces of Pyotr Krasnov. On 15 November 1918 he was mortally wounded in battle near Zhelnovka (today – Zhelunovo, Karachevsky District) and died on 8 December 1918. Sivers was buried at the Monument to the Fighters of the Revolution on the Field of Mars in Saint Petersburg. -",2023-08-26 17:42:07 -Sulzberger - Wikipedia,"Sulzberger (German: habitational name for someone from a place called Sulzberg) is a surname. People with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:42:10 -2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification play-offs - Wikipedia,"The play-offs of the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition involve the four runners-up with the best records among all nine groups in the qualifying group stage: Austria, Norway, Serbia, and Spain. The draw for the play-offs was held on 14 October 2016.[1] - The play-offs are played in home-and-away two-legged format. The two play-off winners qualify for the final tournament.[2] - To determine the four best second-placed teams from the qualifying group stage which advance to the play-offs, only the results of the second-placed teams against the first, third, fourth and fifth-placed teams in their group are taken into account, while results against the sixth-placed team (for groups with six teams) are not included. As a result, eight matches played by each second-placed team will count for the purposes of determining the ranking.[3] - All times are CET (UTC+1). - Serbia qualified for the final tournament. - Spain qualified for the final tournament. -",2023-08-26 17:42:13 -Rabbi (date) - Wikipedia,"Rabbi (Persian: ربی) is a cultivar of the palm date that is widely grown in Iran (especially in Balochistan and Kerman) as well as in Pakistan. - The date has an elongated shape, and its skin has a reddish hue.[1] As a semi-dry date, it can be stored for long periods of time due to its low moisture content.[2][3] - This food-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:16 -Guard of honour - Wikipedia," - A guard of honour (GB), also honor guard (US), also ceremonial guard, is a group of people, usually military in nature, appointed to receive or guard a head of state or other dignitaries, the fallen in war, or to attend at state ceremonials, especially funerals. In military weddings, especially those of commissioned officers, a guard, composed usually of service members of the same branch, form the sabre arch. In principle, any military unit could act as a guard of honour. However, in some countries certain units are specially designated to serve as a guard of honour, as well as other public duties. Republican Guards, Royal Guards and foot guards frequently have ceremonial duties assigned to them. - Guards of honour also serve in the civilian world for fallen police officers, state, and other civil servants. Certain religious bodies, especially churches of the Anglican Communion and the Methodist movement, have the tradition of an honour guard at the funeral of an ordained elder, in which all other ordained elders present ""guard the line"" between the door of the church and the grave, or hearse if the deceased is to be buried elsewhere or cremated.[1] Catholic chivalric orders, such as the Order of the Holy Sepulchre and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, provide guards of honour for deceased knights and high-ranking officers during funerals.[2][3][4] The practice of providing a guard of honour as a mark of respect also occurs in sports, especially throughout the Commonwealth of Nations. - Guards of honour have been mounted by a number of military forces, uniformed paramilitary organizations, and civilian emergency services. - The Algerian Republican Guard is a mainly ceremonial military corps of the Algerian Army. Composed of 6,000 troops, it is very similar in its formation style to equivalent units in the French Army. The Republican Guard includes a military band and a cavalry unit, the uniform and traditions of which are based on those of the famous Berber cavalry, the Numidian cavalry, the French cavalry, and the Arab cavalry, as well as infantry. - The Egyptian Republican Guard is a division level unit in the Egyptian Army which is the seniormost unit in the Egyptian Armed Forces that has the responsibility of defending the President of Egypt, as well as major presidential and national institutions. It is a type of guard regiment that is composed of dozens upon dozens of armored brigades, mechanized brigades and divisional artillery, Being the seniormost unit in the armed forces, the Republican Guard Division is the only major military unit allowed in central Cairo besides the troops of intelligence services and Central Security Forces. - The Guard of Honour unit in Namibia is the 21 Ceremonial Guard Battalion of the Namibian Defence Force. Falling under the 21 Brigade based in Windhoek. Initially the Battalion was also part of the Presidential Security detail, however they were removed from this role and relegated to guard of honour duties. - The members of the Nigerian Presidential Guard Brigade are elite Nigerian soldiers who guard the residence of the President of the Federal Republic and his or her guests as well as performing ceremonial duties. It is similar to the United States Secret Service in that its members also provide security for visiting heads of state. The brigade performs a weekly changing of the guard ceremony outside Aso Villa and stands guard at the Presidential Villa. Aside from that, the guards brigade also mounts the guard of honour for state visits, as well as the Independence Day Military Parade in Abuja. The brigade is the senior unit in the Nigerian Army's order of battle. - The Red Guard of Senegal is a Senegalese Gendarmerie unit that is responsible for maintaining the security of the President of Senegal. It is similar to the ceremonial elements in the French Republican Guard. The unit's uniform is derived from the French colonial Spahi. The Red Guard is under the direct command of the Security Legion of the Senegalese Mobile Gendarmerie. It is composed of many units that serve ceremonial duties, with the most notable being the honour guard battalion, which an infantry unit, and the mounted squadron. - The guard of honour unit in South Africa was the State Presidents Guard (Staatspresidentseenheid) until 1990.[5] The unit has since been replaced by the National Ceremonial Guard in the South African National Defence Force. Permanent honour guards in the country had not existed prior to the Staatspresidentseenheid's founding in 1967. In compensation for a lack of ceremonial units, the Citizen Force and the Cape Town Highlanders Regiment were often deployed for ceremonial events.[6] Following the abolition of apartheid in South Africa, the guard was disestablished, leaving the defence forces without an official guard of honour until 1995, when the NCG was founded. - The Presidential Guard is an elite combat unit of the Zimbabwe National Army, serving as a Household Division-like service for the President of Zimbabwe. The unit, in their green service uniform and yellow berets, mount the guard of honour on behalf of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. Past events where the guard of honour provided by the presidential guard includes Defence Forces Day festivities, Heroes Day', the Independence Day Parade, and the inauguration of Emmerson Mnangagwa. - The flag of the Presidential Guard of Zimbabwe consists of a beige background, with three equal horizontal stripes of red, green and red, and the centre having a shield which contains a white wreath beneath a bird, over which are two brown rifles in saltire.[7] The brigade is based currently at Dzivarasekwa Barracks in Harare and is led by Brigadier Anselem Sanyatwe. - The Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers serves as a part of the Argentine Army, serving as the presidential guard and ceremonial mounted detachments. Two unmounted grenadiers are stationed in front of the Pink House as a symbol of the ceremonial and honour guard. They also provide security to the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, where its founder's remains are buried, and at the Palace of the Argentine National Congress, as well as in the other presidential residences. Raised in 1813, it is designated as the senior regiment of cavalry in the Army. - The Brazilian armed forces and Brazilian Military Police have several units designated as guards of honour, which perform public and ceremonial duties on behalf of the Armed Forces and the military police units. The most important of them is the Brazilian president's honour guard units, all of the Brazilian Army. It is composed of the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment (1o Regimento de Cavalaria de Guardas – RCG, in Portuguese) – ""Independence Dragoons"", the Presidential Guard Battalion (Batalhão da Guarda Presidencial – BGP, in Portuguese) and the Cayenne Battery. All these units fall under the Planalto Military Command. - The Brasilia Marine Group of the Brazilian Marine Corps, a component of the Brazilian Navy, provides ceremonial guards of honour as well. The Ministry of Defence maintains its own joint service honour guard.[8] - Military public duties in Ottawa, Canada's national capital, are formally the responsibility of two regiments of foot guards: the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the Governor General's Foot Guards. One of their main tasks is the provision of sentries at ceremonial and other official state functions organized by the Government of Canada.[9][10] Their tasks include mounting the guard of honour at military funerals and other events attended by visiting dignitaries. The two regiments of foot guards, together with the Governor General's Horse Guards, based in Toronto, make up Canada's Household Division. - The Canadian Army also operates a summer public duties detachment known as the Ceremonial Guard, which assumes public duties in Ottawa from late-June to late-August.[11] The Ceremonial Guard is made up of regulars or reservists of the Canadian Army, although its membership is also augmented by members regulars and reservists of the Royal Canadian Air Force, and the Royal Canadian Navy.[12] Like the foot guards, the Ceremonial Guards also mount the guard of honour for military funerals, and visiting dignitaries while in season.[11][13] Members of the Ceremonial Guard wear the uniforms of the Canadian foot guards, as they have historically staffed the summer public duties detachment, before membership in the Ceremonial Guard was opened to the entire Canadian Armed Forces in the 21st century.[12] The Ceremonial Guard is considered an ad hoc detachment, as its members are drawn from various units of the armed forces, and does not constitute a permanent unit in the Canadian Forces' order of battle. - In addition to the Canadian foot guards, and the Ceremonial Guards, units with regularly scheduled guard mountings include the Royal 22nd Regiment. The regiment mounts the guard from late-June to Labour Day (the first Monday of September) at the Citadelle of Quebec in Quebec City, a military installation, and secondary residence of the Monarch and Governor-General.[14] However, as the unit is based in Quebec City, they rarely mount the guard of honour for foreign dignitaries. - Guards of honour are also formed by civilian police, and fire services, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. These civilian honour guards are typically mounted for funerals, and local ceremonies, with the honour guard units typically made up of 30 to 60 members. Some, like the York Regional Police, operate a mounted honour guard unit. Fire and rescue ceremonial units such as the Toronto Fire Services Honour Guard and the Calgary Firefighters Honour Guard are unique in that they are armed with a ceremonial axe. - The 37th Infantry Presidential Guard Battalion, composed of five companies, a historical company and one artillery battery plus a military band, a fanfare trumpet section and Corps of Drums, is the President of Colombia's honour guard service regiment under the National Army of Colombia. It is stationed at the Casa de Nariño in Bogota where the changing of the guard ceremony takes place three days per week and carries the traditions of Simon Bolivar's infantry guards company raised in the midst of the Spanish American wars of independence in 1815.[15] - The Ceremonial Unit of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces provided honours for the Communist Party of Cuba, the Government of Cuba, and the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces. It is a sort of mix between Russian and German ceremonial formations, with the unit notably adopting the German-born goosestep. Its ceremonial duties are usually performed at government buildings and notable areas in Havana, with the Plaza de la Revolución (the main square in the capital) and the Palace of the Revolution (the workplace of the President of Cuba). The main purpose of the military unit is the performance of the changing of the guard every half an hour at the José Marti Mausoleum in Santiago de Cuba. Prior to Fidel Castro's 1959 Cuban Revolution, honour guards were performed by units that resembled honour guard units in the United States, such as The Old Guard. - Haitian honour guard duties are performed by the General Security Unit of the National Palace of the Haitian National Police (L'Unité de Sécurité Générale du Palais National, USGPN) which is a major specialized unit of the PNH. It has, since 1997, mainly ensured security at the Palais National and the security of the President of Haiti. The USGPN works with the Presidential Security Unit (Unité de sécurité présidentielle, USP) to protect the president, as well as intervene when a crime takes place and or assist police officers in their duties, outside of the USGPN's ceremonial ones. Funeral honours, state visits, and military parades are some of the many ceremonies that the USGPN takes in.[16] - The Jamaica Regiment is primarily responsible for public duties in the capital of Kingston on behalf of the Jamaica Defence Force. The regiment's first battalion usually mounts the guard of honour at national ceremonies, serving as a foot guard to the Governor-General of Jamaica. Members of the regiment also provide sentries at the National Heroes Park.[17] - The Honour Guard in Mexico consists of members selected from the Mexican Navy, Mexican Army, Air Force and/or the National Guard, and report to the Secretariats of National Defence, Security and Civil Protection and the Navy, while these three government secretariats maintain currently (since the 2018 disbandment of the Estado Mayor Presidencial), through the Presidential Guards Corps of the National Guard, a dedicated joint service guards corps with a division of presidential military police and selected other formations from these select secretariats. Some of their duties include protection of the Mexican flag in Zocalo, and the raising and lowering of it, as well as providing ceremonial guards at National Palace or Campo Marte during state visits to Mexico. - There are also those selected from other organizations, such as historic societies, schools, sports centers, celebrities, etc., but these are for national holiday events within the country. Escolta de la bandera or Escolta de guerra or Escolta de honores or simply La escolta is the term in Spanish for colour guards and flag parties. - The Presidential Life Guard Dragoons Regiment is the premier ceremonial unit of the Peruvian Army having similar practices to the Cavalry Regiment, French Republican Guard. It is one of two official Household Cavalry and Dragoon Guards regiments in the army which have the affording of ceremonial protection to the President of Peru and to the Government Palace in Lima as their foremost duties. Other units, such as the Hussars of Junín and the Peruvian Guard Legion Infantry Battalion, also perform public duties in the capital. - The other services of the Peruvian Armed Forces have their own dedicated ceremonial units. They include the Fanning Marine Company (Compañía de Infantería de Marina Capitán de Navío AP Juan Fanning García) of the Peruvian Navy; and the Airborne Platoon of the 72nd Squadron of the Peruvian Air Force. - Each uniformed service branch in the U.S. Armed Forces has its own official honour guard: the Army (3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment),[18] Marines (U.S. Marine Corps Ceremonial Guard Company),[19] Navy (U.S. Navy Ceremonial Guard),[20] Air Force (U.S. Air Force Honor Guard),[21] and Coast Guard (U.S. Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard).[22] Most state national guard units and state defence forces have a ceremonial guard unit as well. High Frontier Honor Guard is the official United States Air Force ceremonial unit assigned to Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and acts as the de facto official honor guard unit for the United States Space Force. - The official honour guard of every branch is located in the National Capital Region, though nearly every military installation will have its own honour guard for local ceremonies and events. The honour guard units in National Capital Region, formed into the Joint Service Honor Guard of the National Capital Region and the Department of Defense, an ad hoc unit of battalion size, represent the military as a whole and the United States as a nation, and perform numerous ceremonies on behalf of the President of the United States, the commander-in-chief of the federal Armed Forces, with musical accompaniment by each of the central bands of the Armed Forces based in the capital. - Since World War II, The 3rd United States Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) has served as the official Army honour guard and escort to the President, and it also provides security for Washington, D.C., in time of national emergency or civil disturbance.[23] Arlington National Cemetery's Tomb of the Unknowns is guarded by members of the U.S. 3rd Infantry Regiment.[24] Since 2007, a Joint-Service Drill Competition has been held every April in front of the Reflecting Pool of the National Mall.[25] Other ceremonial military units also include the Royal Guards of Hawaii of the Air National Guard and the High Frontier Honor Guard at Peterson Air Force Base. The organized militia for the Connecticut State Militia also maintains a ceremonial guard unit, the Governor's Foot Guard. - Many local, state, national and federal public safety agencies in the United States maintain Honour Guards, Pipes & Drums and Buglers, including fire departments, law enforcement agencies, emergency medical services, and search and rescue agencies, who typically use adaptations of military honour guards, and honour those who die in the line of duty (LODD-Line of Duty Death), off-duty but still on the job, and retirees, as well as participating in support of other agencies, and parades. Some Law Enforcement agencies are able to maintain a Rifle Team for 'three volley' salutes. Most, even those within major career paid agencies, are not paid for performing and preparing for the honour guard duty.[citation needed] - The Presidential Honour Guard is the joint service military unit mandated to ensure the immediate security of the President of Venezuela and his First Family and for the performance of public duties in the most important places in the country. The most distant antecedents of the Presidential Honour Guard go back to the Hussars Troop of Simon Bolivar, of the Venezuelan War of Independence and of the larger Spanish American wars of independence, raised in June 1815 and part of a more bigger guards brigade targeted for the immediate security of the Liberator, and the early 20th century 1st Cavalry Regiment ""Ambrosio Plaza"" that until the 1950s, albeit reduced to squadron size, provided the ceremonial security of the President and was modeled on the Prussian horse guards units of the late 19th century. - The modern brigade serves as a ceremonial escort to the President of Venezuela at Miraflores Palace and attends all state arrival ceremonies conducted there, as well as providing security for the palace complex. The brigade also provides honour guards (i) at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Carabobo Field, Carabobo commemorating the memory of national heroes and the fallen of the Battle of Carabobo of 1821, (ii) at the Montana Barracks in Caracas in memory of the late Hugo Chávez; and (iii) at the National Pantheon in Caracas in memory of Bolívar and other national heroes buried there. The brigade also performs public duties functions as required. Brigade personnel come from all branches of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela (NBAF) and public security services. The brigade is commanded by a general or flag officer and includes a Presidential mounted escort of platoon or troop size, all wear the busby when in full dress. - Aside from the PHGB, there are two other foot guards battalions in the NBAF, the Caracas Foot Guards Battalion of the Ministry of Defence, and the Brigadier Daniel Florence O'Leary Headquarters and HQ Services Foot Guards Battalion of the Venezuelan Army Headquarters. Both foot guard battalions are also tasked with forming guards of honour and public duties. These two battalions wear berets instead of combat helmets when in full dress, when in historical dress the shako is worn. - During the time of the Ming dynasty (1368 to 1644) the first-ever military honour guard duties in China were undertaken by the Jǐnyīwèi or the Embroidered Uniform Guard. Their successors, the Qing era Imperial Guard, were organized into a division protecting the Emperor, his family, and the wide Forbidden City complex. - Today the duties of honour guards are performed by the Combined Honour Guard of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), are provided by the 1st Guard Division of PLA Beijing Garrison [zh] in Beijing, under the Central Theater Command and reporting directly to the General Staff. They marched as the first battalion in the military parade of the 35th, 50th, 60th and 70th anniversaries of the People's Republic of China. They are often on parades led by a colour guard detail carrying the PLA flag. - In addition to the Beijing battalion, the PLA also operates a number of other honour guard units that, including in the PLA Navy and the PLA Air Force, as well as the People's Armed Police Honour Guard Battalion in Beijing. Other PLA honour guard units based outside Beijing includes the Hong Kong Garrison Honour Guard Battalion,[26] Macau Garrison Honour Guard Battalion, and the Xinjiang Garrison Honour Guard Battalion - Police-manned honour guards are also deployed within the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. This is partly due to the Hong Kong Police Force and the Macau Security Force having a largely ceremonial British and Portuguese tradition respectively. In the case of Hong Kong, the honour guards are reminiscent of those belonging to the British Household Division.[citation needed] In December 2016, the HKPF received ceremonial training from instructors from the Army School of Ceremonial at the British Army's Infantry Training Centre.[27] It renders honours to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong and the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal. The only notable example of a police honour guard under the Ministry of Public Security on the mainland is the Yunnan Public Security Force Honour Guard at Hekou Port near the China–Vietnam border, having been covered during a report by New China TV in September 2016.[28] - The President's Bodyguard is the seniormost household cavalry unit in the Indian Army, serving as a guard of honour for the President of India. - In India, the Tri-Services Guard of Honour is made up of men or women drawn from three services of the Indian military: the Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian Navy. It is based at New Delhi and is of company size, present only during state visits. In January 2015, during Barack Obama's state visit to India, Wing Commander Pooja Thakur became the first female officer to lead the guard of honour for a foreign leader.[29] -In the Indian Air Force, there is only one unit that serves as an exhibition drill team. This unit, known officially as the Air Warrior Drill Team (AWDT), was founded in 2004 and serves as the guard of honour of the IAF.[30][31] - The term ""guard of honour"" in Indonesian is Pasukan Kehormatan which take their modern form in deputized formations of the former Royal Netherlands East Indies Army and the Royal Netherlands Navy. - In Indonesia, the unit institutionally tasked to act as the Guard of Honour during a state visit is the Presidential Security Force (Paspampres) which takes place at the national palaces (Merdeka Palace or Bogor Palace) with the President of Indonesia and the visiting dignitary present to inspect the guards.[32] The Paspampres is part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) tasked with protective security duties for the head of state and state-protocol duties (ceremonial). As a military tri-services special joint service command, the ceremonial duties of Paspampres are to conduct public duties during state function occasions including to provide quarter guard and guard mounting duties for the national official residences.[33] - The ceremonial duties tasked to the Paspampres is the responsibility of a unit within Paspampres known as the ""State Protocol Escort Battalion"" (Batalyon Pengawal Protokoler Kenegaraan abbreviated ""Yonwalprotneg""), it is a detachment consisting of chosen military policemen selected from the Military Police Corps with a minimum height requirement of 180 centimetres (71 in). This detachment is also tasked to become the Cordon Guard during the arrival ceremony at the airport apron during a state visit and is responsible to act as pallbearers during a state funeral. Their uniform are red full dress uniforms with a white buff belt worn on the upper waist, white trousers with white parade boots and a black shako as the headdress,[34] sometimes a light blue beret is worn for other duties such as during the Changing of the Guard ceremony or a state funeral.[35] A black uniform with peaked cap also present. - During the national ceremony commemorating the independence day of Indonesia conducted at Merdeka Palace on the 17 of August, guards of honour which line-up at the palace yard are part of the armed forces tri-services and police ad hoc Guard of Honour which consists of guardswomen and guardsmen from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Indonesian National Police. During this occasion, Honour guardsmen from the Yonwalprotneg unit of Paspampres (wearing Red and White full dress uniform with shako) acts as the principal guard of honour accompanying the Paskibraka escorting the flag of Indonesia.[36] The same format is seen in other parts of the country during the independence day commemoration ceremony with the Guards of honour tasked from local territorial military or police units in provinces, cities, and regencies throughout the country with the regional heads as the guest of honour inspecting the ceremony.[37] These regional guards of honour wear the assigned peaked caps or berets of their branch or service arm, as well as the shako. - The Central Provost of Islamic Republic of Iran Army maintains a guard of honour unit called the ""Presidential Ceremony Guard"". It provides honour guards for the Iranian President and during events of state such as arrival ceremonies for foreign leaders and national holidays. Also known as DEJAJA, the unit is composed of infantrymen, sailors, and airmen, all of which serve under the command of the army provost. Aside from public duties, the provost also serves as a military police unit for the capital of Tehran. - Prior to 1979, the Imperial Immortal Guard provided honour guards for official events of state. - The Iraqi Armed Forces maintains the a guard of honour made up of personnel from each branch of the armed forces. The unit provides guards of honour for foreign dignitaries at the Iraqi Ministry of Defence. Prior to 2003, the personnel of the guard of honour were selected from the Republican Guard. - The 302nd Military Police Company is a JGSDF unit under the direct control of the Eastern Army located in the Ichigaya garrison (MOD HQ). When foreign leaders make state visit to Tokyo, a Special Ceremonial Detachment of the company is assembled outside the Chōwaden Reception Hall at the Tokyo Imperial Palace or the Prime Minister's Official Residence to take part in the welcoming ceremony. The 115-strong personnel company is organized into three platoons, each consisting of three honour guard squads. In wartime situations, the company serves as a military police unit. - The Imperial Guard of Japan performs regular public duties at the Tokyo Imperial Palace by performing sentry duty at the gates outside of the palace, which is the seniormost residence of the Emperor of Japan. The Imperial Guard also maintains a platoon-sized mounted police unit for use at state ceremonies. A guard of honour is also sported by the National Defense Academy of Japan. - The Aibyn Presidential Regiment serves as the premier ceremonial unit of the President of Kazakhstan. It is under the direct command of the State Security Service of Kazakhstan and plays a direct role in maintaining state protocol. They have taken part in the changing of the guard ceremony in the Ak Orda Presidential Palace since 2001. On the other hand, the Honour Guard Company of the Ministry of Defence of Kazakhstan serves high-ranking members of the Ministry of Defence. It is composed of soldiers from the Kazakh Ground Forces, the Kazakh Navy, and the Kazakh Air Force, being truly representative of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan. Like its name implies, it is subordinate to the country's defence ministry and is a reporting unit of the 36th Air Assault Brigade of the Kazakh Airmobile Forces. Both units take part in all essential national events and ceremonies, with a notable appearance being, among other things, the Inauguration of the President of Kazakhstan. The National Guard of Kazakhstan also maintains an honour unit which was formed in 2015.[38] - The National Guard of Kyrgyzstan carries out official representative functions on behalf of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic. The guard of honour is formed from the 701st Military Unit of the National Guard. The National Guard stands at attention at the National Flagpole on Ala-Too Square in Bishkek, and has been performing the changing of the guard ceremony every hour since 16 August 1998.[citation needed] - The guard of honour in Malaysia usually consists of the 1st Battalion, Royal Malay Regiment, which performs most ceremonial duties in Malaysia, such as Heroes' Day, visitation of diplomats and state leaders, National Day, guard duties at the Royal Palace of Malaysia, and many more, in the national level. The Royal Malay Regiment also mounts the guard during state visits to the Ministry of Defence. - A guard of honour company from each of the battalions of the RMR is also mounted for state-level ceremonies in Kedah, Perak, Selangor and Pahang, as well as in the states of Penang, Malacca, Sarawak and Sabah. Units that have mounted the guard in these types of ceremonies include the Royal Ranger Regiment (based in Perlis), the Royal Armoured Corps (based in Terengganu), the Royal Artillery Regiment (based in Kelantan), the Royal Regiment of Engineers (based in Perak), and the Royal Signals Regiment (based in Negeri Sembilan). The Royal Johor Military Force, an independent state-level military force for Johor, also provides a guard of honour for state ceremonies within Johor. - Units of the Royal Malaysia Police in Melaka, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak, as well as the Royal Malay Regiment and the Royal Rangers, mount guards of honour of the governors of these states. Guard of honour units are also found in the Royal Malaysia Police, The People's Volunteer Corps, the Fire and Rescue Department, and the Malaysia Civil Defence Force. - Honour guards units of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN Honour Guard Battalion, Lumut) and the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF Honour Guard Battalion or the RMAF College) are mounted in the presence of the Sultan of Selangor and the Sultan of Pahang, respectively, in events where each of the two service branches are involved. Visits to the MoD building by naval and air general and flag officers are also accompanied by the guard of honour units of these services. - In Nepal, the Guard of honour is formed from special troops from Nepalese Army. It is mainly given to the President of Nepal and the Prime Minister of Nepal. Foreign Heads of State also receives the Guard of Honour. Formerly, Guard of honour was given in Tribhuvan International Airport premises but since 2018, Government of Nepal changed the venue to Tundikhel. The first foreign state head to receive the Guard of honour at Tundikhel was Pakistan Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi during his visits to Nepal in March 2018. - The Guard of Honour of the Korean People's Army falls under the direct command of the North Korean Supreme Guard Command or by its official name Unit 963. It takes part in ceremonies in which the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of North Korea and/or the President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly are in attendance, most notably during arrival ceremonies at Pyongyang Sunan International Airport for world leaders.[39] It has a very pan-KPA organization, with the colour guards of each service branch being present. Accompanying the colour guard is a lead officer in front as well a two associate officers marching to the rear. Prior to military parades on Kim Il Sung Square and during visits to the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, the Supreme Leader inspects a guard of honour company consisting of troops of the KPA Ground Forces, the Air and Anti-Air Force, the Navy, the Special Operations Forces, Strategic Forces and the Worker-Peasant Red Guards formed up. It is also the set-up during state visits, during arrival and departure ceremonies held at the Pyongyang Sunan International Airport runway. - In Pakistan, the guard of honour is provided by men drawn from three services of the Pakistan Armed Forces: The Pakistan Army, Pakistan Air Force, and the Pakistan Navy. A tri-service guard of honour company is stationed in Islamabad, the national capital, for services in state visits and important national holidays.[40] The Guides Cavalry also provide ceremonial duties for events in Islamabad. - The Presidential Security Group (PSG) provides honour guard services to the President of the Philippines in Malacañang Palace, especially during state visits to the country. The PSG is composed of men and women from the various uniformed organizations of the Philippines: the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Philippine Coast Guard. All wear a dark blue rayadillo full dress uniform with the pith helmet as headdress in ceremonial events. - The Armed Forces of the Philippines have five designated honour guard battalions mandated for public duties for events concerning the Armed Forces. They include the army's Security and Escort Battalion, the navy's Headquarters Philippine Navy & Headquarters Support Group and Marine Security and Escort Group, and the Air Force Special Security Group. The armed forces' General Headquarters and Headquarters Service Command also maintains a separate honour guard battalion, the General Headquarters Security & Escort Battalion, which serves as the official honour guard battalion of the Secretary of National Defence. - Honour Guard units are also used within the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Coast Guard. These services typically mount honour guards on important occasions. The National Police guard of honour serves as the official guards of the Secretary of Interior and Local Government, and wear blue uniforms with the pith helmet, a tradition stemming from the old Spanish Civil Guard. The guard of honour company of the Coast Guard serves similar duties for the Secretary of Transportation and is the only unit wearing English styled sailor caps as part of the ratings' dress uniform. - Singapore's guard-of-honour units are recruited from members of all four services of the Singapore Armed Forces – the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Navy, the Republic of Singapore Air Force and the Digital and Intelligence Service – as well as the Singapore Police Force. They take their position at the forefront of major parades and significant state events, such as the country's National Day on 9 August. - Equipped with the SAR-21 Assault Rifle with bayonets attached, the guards wear the Ceremonial Uniform (known as the No. 1), which (except in the case of Navy honour guards) have various colours imbued on a thin strip running down the outer-sides of the trousers indicating the unit's service of origin (red for the Army, light-blue for the Air Force, and black for the Police). They also wear distinctive badges, medals, award ribbons, and buttons. These Guard of Honour units will typically be contrasted by at least one contingents of other servicemen attired in their regular uniform (the No. 4 uniform for the SAF units and the No. 3 uniform for the SPF unit). - Guard-of-honour units in attendance at the annual Singapore National Day Parade are the 1st Commando Battalion from the Singapore Army, Naval Diving Unit from the Republic Of Singapore Navy, Air Power Generation Command from the Republic Of Singapore Air Force and the Singapore Police Force Training Command. - For state visits and other important ceremonial duties within the Istana compounds, the guard-of-honour group is formed and mounted by personnel from the Singapore Armed Forces Military Police Command. - During the Joseon Dynasty, the role of guards of honour taken up by the Sumunjang, who reported directly to the Emperor and the Imperial Family with administrative responsibility to the Minister of Defence as part of the armed forces of the state.[41] - South Korea today operates several guards of honour companies under the Republic of Korea Armed Forces - one each from the Republic of Korea Army, Republic of Korea Navy, Republic of Korea Air Force and Republic of Korea Marine Corps, along with a traditional honour guard unit that is made up of soldiers from the 3rd Infantry Division. The traditional guard in particular was founded in 1991 after president Roh Tae-woo reviewed the Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps and the Commander-in-Chief's Guard of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment of the United States. Since then the traditional honour guards have taken the role of officially welcoming heads of state and other dignitaries. Roles of the honour guards as a whole include funeral honours for the fall, ensuring the security of various military headquarters, and acting as ceremonial guards to Gyeongbok Palace and during state visits to the Blue House. - For ceremonial purposes the guards carry various rifles - the Army, Navy and Air Force carry the M16 rifle; the Marine Corps carry M1 Garands and the traditional guards carry ceremonial swords, arrows, spears, and lances, keeping with the traditions of the Korean military and as a tribute to the guards units of the Imperial era. Their colour guards also reflect these influences as well. Seamen and junior ratings in the honour guards of the Republic of Korea Navy wear sailor caps bearing ""Republic of Korea Navy"" in Korean (with Hangul lettering) as part of the dress uniforms, while officers and senior ratings wear peaked caps. While the service guards units maintain their respective military bands based on the US and UK practices, the traditional guard unit also contains a Daechwita, a form of military band playing Korean traditional music for military ceremonies and events, and as such wears uniforms used by similar ensembles in the 19th century. - The United Nations Command maintains an honour guard that is composed of members of the ROKAF, the US Armed Forces and other partner nations. - In Sri Lanka, the guard of honour is provided by men drawn from three services of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces (The Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force). A guard of honour known as the President’s Ceremonial Guard Company is also drawn from the Sri Lanka Corps of Military Police. The Sri Lanka Police Mounted Division serves as a mounted guard of honour for the Sri Lanka Police, regularly performing public duties in providing mounted ceremonial escorts for Heads of state and VIPs, as well as provide guard of honour for the Opening of Parliament and the national day celebrations. During the colonial era, the Lascarins provided the local guards of honour, apart from British Army, British Indian Army, or Ceylon Defence Force personnel. The predecessor to the mounted police division is the Governor's Bodyguard, which served as the household cavalry unit of the Governor of British Ceylon. The Ceylon Mounted Rifles also serves in a mounted guard of honour role. In July 1987, Vijitha Rohana from the naval guard of honour for the visiting Indian Prime Minister attempted an assassination on his life te guard's ceremonial inspection.[42] - In Taiwan, the military honour guard duty is provided by members from the following companies representing the branches of the Republic of China Armed Forces: - Each branch maintain their own respective honour guards, all of which follow the American precedent and make up the Armed Forces Honour Guard (中華民國三軍儀隊). The National Day Honour Guard Battalion is also made up of personnel of the honour guards companies of the aforementioned branches.[43] - Guardsmen employ a M1 Garand rifle during ceremonial activities. The units also perform guard duties and are usually present at the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, and the National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine in Taipei. Outside Taipei, Taiwanese honour guards are also present at the Cihu Presidential Burial Place, and the Daxi Presidential Burial Place in Taoyuan. Specifically, at the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, the Honour Guard of the ROC Army performs a changing of the guard ceremony daily with four guardsmen changing duties every hour.[43] - An honour guard battalion, known as the Republic of China Police Honour Guard (中華民國警察儀隊), is also maintained by the Republic of China Police.[44] Founded in 1977, it is currently managed and directed by the Police Department of the Ministry of the Interior.[citation needed] - In Tajikistan, the guard of honour is provided by men drawn from the four services of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan: The National Army, Mobile Forces, Air Force, and the Border Troops, all under the command of the Ministry of Defence. Of the many roles of the Honour Guard Company of the Ministry of Defence has, providing ceremonial honours for foreign dignitaries and Tajik government officials at the Kohi Millat and other official buildings is the highest and most important of them all. Like its name implies, it is a direct reporting unit of the Ministry of Defence. - In addition to the military Presidential National Guard also maintains its own honour guard battalion, with its allegiance being primarily to the President of Tajikistan in his/her position as Supreme Commander in Chief of the armed forces. - In Thailand, the honour guard role is taken on by the King's Guard units of the Royal Thai Armed Forces and the two infantry regiments of the Royal Security Command. The King's Guard come from all over the Thai military, owing allegiance towards the King of Thailand and the ruling Chakri dynasty. - The ceremonial uniform worn by the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the King's Guards, the seniormost of these units and more present in the public duties role, features a scarlet tunic and bearskin cap; similar to the uniforms used by foot guards in the Commonwealth of Nations. The regiment's 3rd battalion uniform features a white tunic and pink facings, with a pink bearskin cap. An RTAF tri-service guard of honour from the King's Guard is mounted during state visits, the naval and air force guardsmen are usually cadets from their respective service academies. - Ceremonial military duties in Turkmenistan are usually performed by the Independent Honour Guard Battalion of the country's Ministry of Defence. It is composed of 100 soldiers representing the three main service branches of the armed forces: the Turkmen Ground Forces, Air Force, and Navy. - The battalion is always in attendance at all military and social events involving the President of Turkmenistan, and other high-ranking officials in events such as state visits and military parades. The battalion is the first military formation to march on Independence Square in the annual Independence Day Parade.[45] They also greet foreign leaders visiting Turkmenistan, as well as the Guard the National Museum of Turkmenistan.[46] The battalion maintains a horse squadron for ceremonial escorts of foreign leaders visiting Ashgabat. - Ceremonial honour guards of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan are provided by the Honour Guard Battalion of the Tashkent Military District, which is under the auspices of the Ministry of Defence and is based in the Tashkent Region. The battalion is composed of over 100 soldiers, with each platoon being made up of servicemen from different branches of the armed forces. The ceremonial company of the Uzbekistan National Guard provided the guard of honour and served as pallbearers for the late Uzbek president Islam Karimov after his death in September 2016.[47] - Two honour guard units fall under the People's Army of Vietnam, the Military Honour Guard Battalion of the Vietnam People's Army, and the Command of Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Honour Guard. The military honour guard of the Vietnam People's Army provides the honour guard for state visits to the country, the National Day parade, days of remembrance, state funerals, and other functions as may be directed.[48] The military honour guard unit is a part of the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army. Honour guards at the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Honour Guard serve as the honour guard for the mausoleum.[49] - Honour guards from the Armed Forces of Armenia are provided by the Honour Guard Battalion of the Ministry of Defence of Armenia, which is stationed at the defence ministry's headquarters in Yerevan. The battalion was founded on the basis of the Honour Guard Unit of the 7th Guards Army of the Red Army. Since 2018, soldiers of battalion have acted as sentries at the Presidential Residence.[50] The Armenian Police maintains their own Honour Guard Battalion, which serves under the auspices of the Yerevan Police Headquarters. Outside of public duties, the police guard of honour also takes part in law enforcement activities in the capital.[51][52] - The Guard Battalion (German: Gardebataillon) of the Austrian Armed Forces is the ceremonial unit in Austria. The main task is to represent Austria at home and abroad. It is stationed exclusively at Maria Theresien Barracks in Vienna and maintains the Guards Band Vienna (German: Gardemusik) as well. - In Azerbaijan, military honour guards during state visits are provided by the Azerbaijani National Guard of the Special State Protection Service of Azerbaijan. It is subordinate to the President of Azerbaijan, and has responsibilities that range from protecting government officials to mounting the guard of honour for state visits and military parades. A joint-service honour guard subordinate to the Ministry of Defence is also available and is usually mounted for military officials.[53] Garrison honour guards are also maintained, with the commander of the unit being appointed by special order of the Chief of General Staff.[54] In the Soviet era, the 4th cadet battalion of the Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School maintained a special honour guard unit that served as the official ceremonial ambassador of the military forces of the Azerbaijan SSR, participating in welcoming ceremonies at Binah Airport (now Heydar Aliyev International Airport).[55] - The Honour Guard of the Armed Forces of Belarus is the primary honour guard battalion of the Armed Forces of Belarus. It was created in 1995 as a result of a combination of two drill teams from different military academies in the country (the Minsk Air Defence and Rocket School and the Minsk Higher Military Command School specifically). The main honour guard is based in the capital of Minsk, under the direct command of the Minsk Military Commandant, while subordinate units are available all over the country. An example of an affiliated honour guard is the Honour Guard of the Military Faculty of the Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno (formed in 2010).[56] It is currently composed of personnel from the Armed Forces, Internal Troops, and Border Troops. - The Belgian Royal Escort (Dutch: Koninklijk escorte te paard, French: Escorte royale à cheval) is a horse-mounted unit that accompanies the King of Belgium on ceremonial occasions. It also provides escorts for foreign visiting heads of state and ambassadors presenting their credentials at the Royal Palace in Brussels. - The Royal Escort is not a full-time unit but is brought together on major ceremonies. Formerly a part of the Belgian Gendarmerie (now defunct), it is provided by units of the Belgian Federal Police. The uniform is composed of a black bearskin with red plume, black tunic and white breeches. Troopers carry a red-yellow-black pennant on their lance. - Occasionally, foot guard is provided by cadets from the Royal Military Academy in their night-blue Gala Dress. - The Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains a representative honour guard unit of the Armed Forces of BiH. Dressed in their notable blue and yellow uniforms, the OSBiH Honour Guard Company provides honours at all important state and military events, representing the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the OSBiH. The unit was officially presented to the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for development on 26 November 2004 and was the first formed unit of the OSBiH. In the first twenty days of its existence, intensive training was conducted in the Butmir camp, supervised by British Army officers in the Household Division. By 2007, the unit had been a fully functional structure in the OSBiH, operating under the Military Police Battalion in Sarajevo.[57] The organizational and formation structure of the company as of 2019 includes the Headquarters Group, Colour guard, 1st Platoon, 2nd Platoon, and 3rd Platoon. In the autonomous Republika Srpska, the Honour Unit of Ministry of Interior serves as the official guard of honour for the republic, acting in a similar fashion to the Serbian Guards Unit. - The National Guards Unit, established 1878, is the official guard of honour of the Armed forces of Bulgaria. In 2001 the National Guards Unit was declared as the Army's officially designated representative formation and one of the symbols of modern state authority along with the flag, the coat of arms and the national anthem.[58] It is organized as a two-battalion regiment, with a military band and two guard of honour battalions as well as service support units directly under the regimental HQ. - In Croatia, the Honour Guard Battalion serves as the guard of honour. The Honour Guard Battalion performs protocol tasks for the needs of top-level state and military officials, as well as tasks related to the protection and security of the President of the Republic of Croatia. It consists of up to 300 members. The unit is under the direct command of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia.[59] - Ceremonial duties are usually performed by the Prague Castle Guard, a special unit of the armed forces of the Czech Republic, organized under the Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic, which is directly subordinate to the President of the Republic. - The Army of the Czech Republic also maintains the Honour Guard of the Czech Armed Forces, which was founded in 2005.[60] The company is currently made of 38 soldiers, including its commander. The company is also made up of three colour guard members, 27 honour guards, and four reserve members. - The Royal Life Guards is an infantry regiment of the Danish Army. It serves in two roles: as a front line combat unit, and as a guard/ceremonial unit to the Danish monarchy. Danish Amalienborg palace is guarded by this unit day and night. The Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron also serves ceremonial purposes, such as providing escorts for VIPs and performing public duties. - The Guard Battalion is specialized unit under the Military Police of the Estonian Defence Forces, which conducts ceremonial duties and prepares military police units.[61] - The Guard Jaeger Regiment is located in Santahamina, near the capital Helsinki, and carries the ceremonial duties necessary for visiting guests of honour. - The Republican Guard of the National Gendarmerie provides both foot and horse-mounted guards of honour for the city of Paris. It specifically provides ceremonial security to the Élysée Palace, the Hôtel Matignon, the Palais du Luxembourg, the Palais Bourbon, and the Palais de Justice. A quad-service honour guard company composed of members of the Republican Guard, as well as personnel from the French Army, French Navy, French Air Force, and the French Foreign Legion, is also used for ceremonial services, primarily state visits and during state funerals involving distinguished civilians and fallen personnel of the armed forces. - A four-regiment unit named the Guards of Honour (""Gardes d'honneur"") was established by Napoleon in 1813 to provide additional cavalry to the Grande Armée. It fought in the German campaign of 1813 and the campaign in north-east France (1814) before it was disbanded after the Bourbon restoration.[62] - Aside from its duties as a rapid emergency response unit, the National Guard of Georgia is also responsible for mounting the guard of honour on behalf of the Defense Forces of Georgia during state visits, state funerals and national holidays. The company-sized unit of the NG also conducts Public duties in the national capital, guarding important structures and buildings in Tbilisi. - The primary mission of the Wachbataillon is to perform the military honours for the German Federal President, Federal Chancellor, Federal Minister of Defence and the Inspector General of the Bundeswehr during state visits or on similar occasions. In addition, the Wachbataillon takes part in military events and ceremonies of major importance. A secondary mission is to perform ceremonial guard duty at the Ministry of Defence and other high-profile public places, and protect and guard the members of the German government and the Ministry of Defence. Usually, three guards companies made up of personnel of the Bundeswehr make up the guard of honour for the President and other high-ranking officials of the state, as well as during state visits of foreign heads of state and government. - Historical honour guard battalions include the Friedrich Engels Guard Regiment, which served as the primary honour guard regiment for the German Democratic Republic from 1962 to 1990. The Friedrich Engels Guard Regiment also formed a part of the security for the Neue Wache. In Nazi Germany, the guard of honour was provided by both the SS-Verfügungstruppe and the Wachregiment Berlin, the Army's guard and garrison regiment in Berlin. - In Greece, the Presidential Guard is a unit of the Greek Army guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Presidential Palace. Its members, known as Evzones, must be taller than 1.85m and are trained hard as their duty includes standing completely still for more than an hour 4 times a day. They are famous for their military discipline, the ability to stand motionless without even blinking, their stylish walking and the uniform which derives from traditional Greek dress. A tri-service guard of honour composed of servicemen from the Hellenic Army, the Hellenic Navy, and the Hellenic Air Force is maintained as part of the Ministry of National Defence. - Until 31 December 2006 Hungary's honour guard was the Hungarian Defence Forces's 32nd Budapest Guard and Ceremonial Regiment. Following that regiment's disbandment, and until 31 December 2010, honour guard duties were taken over by the Ceremonial Battalion branch, part of the MH Támogató Dandár (MH TD, HDF Support Brigade). On 1 January 2011, the responsibility for honour guard duties were passed to Nemzeti Honvéd Díszegység (the National Home Defence Ceremonial Band), a part of the MH TD.[63][64] - The official honour guard of the Hungarian People's Republic is currently the Hungarian People's Army's 7015th Ceremonial Regiment.[65][66][67] The regiment provides sentries for the Sándor Palace in Budapest. - In Ireland, a guard of honour is drawn from the Irish Army and is called 'Garda Onóra' in Irish. It is inspected by the President of Ireland, Taoiseach or visiting dignitaries. Specifically, battalions from the Infantry Corps are drawn for guards of honour, to form the Ceremonial Military Guard. Personnel carry dignitaries. Personnel of the guard carry Steyr AUG rifles and wear the Service Dress (SD) on ceremonial occasions. The Irish Defence Forces guard of honour participates in ceremonial events such as the National Day of Commemoration, the National Famine Commemoration and the Easter Parade. Guards of honour also take part in the Changing of the Guard at Merrion Square park in the capital. - The Blue Hussars also performed public duties for the Irish Army until it was dissolved in 1948. - In Italy the unit institutionally intended to act as an honour guard to the President of the Italian Republic is the Corazzieri Regiment, a special branch of the Carabinieri.[68] The Corazzieri follow the President during official occasions and are also partly responsible for the internal security of the Quirinal Palace. In addition to the Corazzieri, there are other honour units chosen from the different Armed Forces, specifically for representation purposes. These units have to stand guard at important places, such as the gates of the seats of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Altar of the Homeland, and at the gates of the Quirinal Palace. - Other honour guards units are formed within all branches of the Italian Armed Forces, namely the Honour Company of the 1° Regiment ""Granatieri di Sardegna""and the honour squadron from the 8° Regiment ""Lancieri di Montebello"" of the Italian Army, the Capitol Honour Services Company of the Italian Navy and the Honour Company of the Italian Air Force, all stationed in Rome. - Guards of honour are also drawn by local units within Rome of the Guardia di Finanza and Polizia di Stato. - The Kosovo Security Force maintains the Ceremonial Guard (Albanian: Garda ceremoniale), which serves as the guard of honour of the FSK. It provides ceremonial duties on all public holidays such as Independence Day, Constitution Day and Europe Day.[69] - In Moldova, ceremonial honour guards are based on both the Russian and Romanian traditions and precedent. The two main honour guard units of the country are the Honour Guard Company of the Moldovan National Army and the Honour Guard of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (consisting of cadets of the Ștefan cel Mare Police Academy).[70] The former unit provides personnel to conduct regular public duties in the capital of Chisinau, particularly for the President of Moldova in his/her position as Supreme Commander in Chief. It is the currently only unit in the Moldovan military to utilize the Soviet-style goose step. The latter unit is notable for its use of Stefan cel Mare era uniforms in its exhibition drill routine.[71][72][73] - The Honour Guard function of the Principality of Monaco are carried by the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince (""Prince's Riflemen Company""). - The Honour Guards in Netherlands consists of two guard regiments, Garderegiment Grenadiers en Jagers and Garderegiment Fuseliers Prinses Irene, both from the Royal Netherlands Army. Until 1995 there were three. These regiments, organized as single infantry battalions, provide much of the protocol guards during state holidays in the Netherlands. Guard of honour detachments for public duties are also maintained by the Royal Netherlands Navy, Royal Netherlands Air Force and the Royal Marechaussee. - North Macedonia's Ceremonial Guard Battalion is part of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia which is mainly used for ceremonial purposes. It is the personal guard of the President of North Macedonia. The National Guard can be often seen near the presidential palace, during official visits of foreign presidents or delegations, ceremonies, and during the days of the flag. In 2010 the Ministry of Defence proposed and designed new uniforms for the guards. Both, the old and the new uniforms are based on the uniforms of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization revolutionaries with some details of the other periods of the history of North Macedonia. Influence over the new design was based on the uniform worn by Bulgarian[74][75][76] revolutionary Dedo Iljo Maleshevski and the uniforms of the 19th century Bulgarian Legion regiment which served in the Imperial Russian Army.[77] - Hans Majestet Kongens Garde (His Majesty The King's Guard) is a battalion-sized honour guard unit of the Norwegian Army under the ceremonial command and patronage of the King of Norway. Also known as the HMKG, the battalion comprises six companies, with the 3rd company, the famous band and drill company, being the premier ceremonial unit in the HMKG, mostly serving its required public duties at Oslo's Royal Palace. - The honour guard unit in Poland is the Representative Honour Guard Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces, created on 30 March 2018 on the basis of the Representative Honour Guard Battalion. It performs ceremonial duties on behalf of the armed forces and the President of Poland throughout the capital of Warsaw acting as the combined ceremonial representative for the Polish Armed Forces. It performs annually during the Armed Forces Day parade on Ujazdów Avenue and renders honours to foreign individuals during state arrival ceremonies at the Presidential Palace.[78] Also posted within its ranks is the Presidential Mounted Ceremonial Troop of the Armed Forces, which also acts as an honour guard and horse guard unit. Outside the regiment, which represents the service branches of the Armed Forces (Polish Army, Navy and Air Force) mainly, the Warsaw Garrison and other civil uniformed services all maintain honour guard units of their own, all of which are company-sized. - The Marshal's Guard of the Sejm is the official honour and security unit for the Polish Parliament. Members of the guard are commonly observed guarding the plaque in the front of the Sejm which commemorates the Polish MPs and senators who were killed in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash in Smolensk, Russia. The Honour Guard Company of the Polish Border Guard has operated under the traditions of the Podhale Rifles since 2007.[79] Honour guard companies are also maintained by the Polish Police, Polish Special Forces, Polish Territorial Defence Forces, State Fire Service, Warsaw Capital Garrison, and the Polish Border Guard. - The main honour guard to the President of Portugal is the Security and State Honours Unit (Unidade de Segurança e Honras de Estado, USHE), which is a part of the National Republican Guard. This formation, of regimental size, includes the Presidential Squadron (Esquadrão Presidencial), the Horse Band, the Guard Marching Band, and the State Honours and Security Group, which is mostly an infantry unit. It carries out its ceremonial duties through armed detachments of guards of honour, normally dismounted. It is a directly reporting unit of the Operations Command of the NRG.[80] - The Michael the Brave 30th Guards Brigade of the Romanian Land Forces serves as the honour guard brigade of the Romanian Armed Forces. The brigade is present at ceremonial events and during visits from international officials. - The Romanian Gendarmerie maintains an honour guard unit, called Unitatea Specială de Gardă de Onoare și Protecție Instituțională București (Bucharest Institutional Protection and Honour Guard Special Unit), and a horse guards troop acting during state ceremonies and celebrations of the service. From 1947 to 1989, ceremonial duties were provided by the Garda de Onoare a Armatei Populare Române (Honour Guard Unit of the Romanian People's Army), which was a unit of company size. - The Russian Imperial Guards served as honour guards for the Russian Empire for many centuries prior to the February Revolution. Russian honour guards have been considered to have laid out the foundation and model for honour guards in the former Soviet Union, and many of the pioneer guardsmen in these units came from the Imperial Guard, who then taught the first generation of honour guardsmen in ceremonial duties. Russia's primary honour guard (Russian: Почётный караул, Pochotny kara-ul) is the Kremlin Regiment of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation, established in 1936, which is organized into a four battalion regiment, with two battalions designated as guards of honour, one infantry and one cavalry. This regiment is more known for its modern Imperial Guard inspired uniforms, which are worn on more important occasions, these were introduced for the first time in 2004 on the basis of uniforms of the former infantry and cavalry regiments of the Imperial Guards in Saint Petersburg. - The 154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment, established in 1979, serves as the official representative honour guard regiment of the Russian Armed Forces and serves as the main honour guard unit of the armed forces. The duties of guards of honour are the responsibility of the 3rd Guard of Honour Battalion, established in 1990. Military districts and fleet formations of the Russian Navy also have their own honour guard companies. All three branches of the Armed Forces, alongside those of other paramilitary formations, maintain their own honour guard companies. Moreover, a large unit could form an honour guard unit on an ad hoc basis. This was applied by the Honour Guard of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany in the 1960s.[81] - Several military districts of Russian Ground Forces maintain honour guard companies, including the Eastern Military District (formed on 14 December 1971.[82][83]), the Southern Military District, the Central Military District, and the Western Military District (formed on 20 January 1961 under the command of the 165th Separate Rifle Company[84][85][86][87][88]). In addition to the honour guard companies of the military districts, the Russian Ground Forces also maintain the Volgograd Honour Guard, a unit of the Southern Military District's 20th Guards Motor Rifle Division. - The Russian Navy maintains a number of honour guard companies, including the Honour Guard Company of the Russian Navy, which represents the entire service. Other naval honour guard companies include those that represent the Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, the Northern Fleet, and the Pacific Fleet. The Russian Air Force maintains one guard company, the Honour Guard Company of the Zhukovsky – Gagarin Air Force Academy in Voronezh.[89] - In addition to the Russian Armed Forces, a number of other Russian departments and agencies also maintain their own respective honour guard companies, including the Border Service of the Federal Security Service, Ministry of Emergency Situations,[90] the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the National Guard of Russia. A female honour guard platoon took part for the first time in a Victory Day Parade in Yekaterinburg in June 2020, wearing a special dress uniform that was tailored by individual standards.[91] - The Most Serene Republic of San Marino maintain a well organized militia force, mostly used for ceremonial duties. Its foremost honour guard unit is the Guardia del Consiglio Grande e Generale (""Guard of the Great and General Council""), but ceremonial duties are carried also by its other units, the Compagnia Uniformata delle Milizie (""Uniformed Militia Company""), the Guardia di Rocca - Compagnia d'Artiglieria (""Guard of the Rock - Artillery Company"") and the Guardia di Rocca - Nucleo Uniformato (""Guard of the Rock - Uniformed Unit""). - The Guard is an honour guard unit of the Serbian Armed Forces. Brigade-size, it is under the direct command of the General Staff. Its main tasks include guarding vital defence facilities and performing military honours to the highest foreign, domestic, and military officials. - For the needs of Ministry of Defence and the General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces, the Guard performs tasks within the scope of the military police work and the tasks in the field of security and logistics. Guard continues the tradition of the Guard units which is now almost two centuries long. The first Guard unit formed in Serbia was created on the order of Prince Milos Obrenović on Saint George Day in 1830 in Požarevac. The Guard also sports the official military band of the Serbian Armed Forces, the Band of the Guard. - The Slovak Armed Forces currently operates two ceremonial guard of honour units. The Honour Guard of the President of the Slovak Republic, also known as the Presidential Guard, is the seniormost ceremonial unit in the Slovak Armed Forces, and the primary honour guard unit of the President of Slovakia. This unit serves under the command of the Military Office of the President of the Slovak Republic. - The Honour Guard Company of the Slovak Armed Forces (Slovak: Čestná stráž Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky, CS OS SR) is a separate ceremonial honour guard unit of the Slovak Armed Forces, under the direct command of the Bratislava Garrison Headquarters.[92] The unit was founded in 2009 as part of reforms in the armed forces. It is responsible for guarding the national symbols of Slovakia (the national flag, for example) in the front lobby of the National Council Building.[93] - The Spanish Royal Guard performs ceremonial and honour guard services in addition to its military bodyguard role and deployment overseas. The regiment's Honour Group and Royal Escort Squadron are its primary ceremonial units. The Royal Escort Squadron provides the ceremonial escort of the Spanish Royal Family and is organized into three units: the Marker Squad, the Cuirassier Troop, and the Lancer Troop. - The guard of honour is also mounted for state visits. Units which mount the guard for state visits include the Spanish Army's Monteros de Espinosa (includes three platoons, and a drill team); the Mar Océano Navy and Marine Composite Company (includes three platoons); and the Plus Ultra Air Force Squadron (includes three flights). The 1st King's Immemorial Infantry Regiment maintains a guard of honour unit known as the ""Old Guard of Castille"" Battalion (Guardias Viejas de Castilla). The Spanish Air and Space Force Honour Squadron (Escuadrilla de Honores del Ejército del Aire) is an independent honour guard the serves the air force. From 1937 to 1956, the Guardia Mora served as the mounted guard of honour for Francoist Spain, part of a bigger combined arms guard of honour regiment of personnel from service branches of the Armed Forces. - Honour guard service is carried out by all units of the Swedish Armed Forces, although the Life Guards Regiment in the Swedish Army accounts for the main part of honour guard services. The Royal Guards (Högvakten) at the Stockholm Palace and the Drottningholm Palace is the honour guard to the King of Sweden. The service is carried out full time by the Life Guards as well as other units of the Swedish Armed Forces including the Home Guard and other voluntary defence organisations.[94] - The Grenadier company of the Life Guards' guard of honour battalion, the Kings' Guards Battalion, is used as an honour guard at state visit welcoming ceremonies. A detachment of grenadiers is also used as honour guard at the opening of the Riksdag, when an incoming foreign ambassador meets with the King at an audience to present letters of credence and when the King attends an annual meeting of one of the Royal Academies.[95] - Drabantvakt (""Royal Bodyguard""), commonly known as Karl XI:s drabanter (""The Bodyguard of Charles XI"") and Karl XII:s drabanter (""The Bodyguard of Charles XII"") is a ceremonial guard used at state occasions such as state visits, investiture of a monarch, royal weddings and funerals etc. The guard was formed in 1860 based on historical royal bodyguards. The design of the uniforms of the guard is based on, but not identical to, uniforms used during the reign of Carles XI and Charles XII respectively. The guard platoon is made up of 24 guardsmen and one officer selected from the Life Guards' King's Guards Battalion.[96] - Swiss Armed Forces honour guards are based on the German, French and American model for ceremonial drill. Switzerland does not have a professional honour guard unit. The military instead utilizes a battalion-sized capital unit that is used during official visits. Unlike other European countries, Swiss honour guards wear combat uniforms instead of an expected full dress uniform.[97] - Several guard detachments operate within the Turkish Armed Forces. A joint service guard of honour company is in service in the Turkish Armed Forces' headquarters in Ankara, composed of select personnel from each service branch of the armed forces performing honour guard and public duties activities. In addition, the Turkish Armed Forces presently operates another ceremonial guard detachment at Anıtkabir, performing public duties at the mausoleum of the first President of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The standard rifle used by the guard detachment at Anıtkabir is a M1 Garand. - The Presidential Guard Regiment acts as an honour guard regiment for the Turkish Land Forces, a component of the Turkish Armed Forces.[98] - The Kyiv Honour Guard Battalion, which is part of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky Independent Presidential Guard Brigade, is the official ceremonial guard of honour unit of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[99] It was formed from the guard of honour units in the Ukrainian SSR's Kiev Military District. Besides the HQ company, the battalion maintains three companies, a Military Band, and a Symbols Protection Company. - The NGU National Special Honour Guard Battalion of the National Guard of Ukraine is actively in use for many ceremonial activities, and was also in service prior to the disbandment of the Internal Troops of Ukraine in 2014. - A guard of honour is formed to present formal ceremonial compliments to royal or presidential dignitaries by a guard not exceeding 100 personnel (including three officers, one with a colour) with other particular distinguished individuals saluted by a guard not exceeding 50 personnel. A half guard is a colloquial term describing a guard of honour of not more than 50 personnel (including two officers, one with a colour).[100] A guard of honour could have a single service contingent (e.g. army) or it could be a tri-service (inter-service) affair. The guard commander, after saluting the dignitary (usually head of state), marches up to him or her and escorts him or her to inspect the guard (soldiers in formation). During the salute, the national anthems of both the dignitary's country and the host country are usually played by a ceremonial band. - Only a standard, guidon, King’s Colour, or a banner presented by either a member of the Royal Family or the governor-general may be carried by a royal guard of honour. Only a regimental colour or a banner presented by a personage other than a member of the Royal Family may be carried on a half guard of honour. A smaller unit honouring distinguished visitors at a military installation is known as a quarter guard. The commander is three paces in front of the second file from the right and accompanies the personage for whom the guard is mounted. An officer carrying the Colour stands three paces in front of the centre; if there is a third officer he will be three paces in front of the second file from the other flank.[101] - Units that traditionally perform ceremonial duties, such as Guard Mounting (changing of the King’s Guard) or Trooping the Colour, are the five regiments of Foot Guards and the Household Cavalry (Blues and Royals and Life Guards), which form the Household Division whilst the Honourable Artillery Company form the Guard of Honour when foreign Heads of State visit London.[102] The Royal Air Force's ceremonial unit is the King's Colour Squadron. The British Armed Forces do not have dedicated ceremonial units other than the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, the Guards and Royal Regiment of Scotland Incremental Companies and the Royal Air Force's King’s Colour Squadron. - The King's Guard is primarily made up of units from the Household Division for royal palaces and public monuments—namely Buckingham Palace, St James's Palace, Windsor Castle, and the Tower of London—and other units from all three services of the British Armed Forces filling in when not deployed; in Scotland, Holyrood Palace and Edinburgh Castle are usually the responsibility of Scottish regiments or units based in Edinburgh.[103] Occasionally units from Commonwealth militaries are given the honour.[104] - The de facto military force of the Vatican City State is the Pontificia Cohors Helvetica (""Papal Swiss Cohort""). Popularly known as the Swiss Guard, this 135 strong unit is formed by unmarried Swiss Catholic former servicemen aged between 19 and 30 years, recruited through a special convention with the Swiss Government. While largely performing ceremonial honour guard duties with traditional weapons (halberds, partisans and swords), the Swiss Guard is also equipped with modern military light weapons and trained in proper military and security duties. The Guard provides one of two official procotol bands in the country. - The tri-service Federation Guard – consisting of members of the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Air Force and the Royal Australian Navy – provides the guard of honour for various ceremonies. It is the only military unit of its kind currently in the Australian Defence Force. All members of the guard are enlisted in their respective areas before volunteering for service in the guard. They are armed with L1A1 SLR rifles. - Fijian Presidential Palace Guards serve as the official guard of honour unit of the President of Fiji. It is made up of members of all the different service branches of the Fiji Military Forces. It primarily serves its ceremonial duties at the Government House in the capital of Suva. The guards regularly take part in the changing of the guard at the government house. The uniform consists of a Red military shirt and a traditional Fijian Sulu. The guards main rifle that they carry is the AK-101. - The New Zealand Defence Force is represented ceremonially by a unit that is known commonly as the Royal Guard of Honour: a company-sized unit (100 members) that is composed of members of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The company is the official honour guard of the Governor-General, the Prime Minister, the Minister of Defence, and the Chief of Defence Force. The company performs most of its public duties at national events such as the Anzac Day commemorations in the capital. The Army portion of the company is notable for its highly distinctive ""lemon squeezer"" hat. - In recent years, association football teams have shown their respect to teams in their own division which have already won the championship of the division with games to spare by forming a guard of honour onto or off the pitch for their players.[105] The applauding team forms two lines to make a corridor and the league winners pass through the corridor, generally in single file. The guard of honour is in some instances considered good form to perform but is not considered compulsory and teams may opt not to provide one, as especially tends to happen between teams considered particularly bitter rivals.[106] - The same has occasionally been done for individual players meeting particularly momentous points in their career, such as when Scottish Premier league team Rangers squad did so for departing talisman Dado Pršo[107] and Chelsea controversially[108] chose to do so in a pre-planned display in the middle of a match for John Terry's last game, causing significant delays to the game.[108] - In Australian rules football, players will often form a guard of honour for those who are leaving the field after a landmark game or on their retirement game. For example, Fremantle formed a guard of honour for Fitzroy's last match in 1996; Melbourne and Essendon formed a guard in 2005 to honour Indian Ocean tsunami victim Troy Broadbridge; and Collingwood and North Melbourne formed a guard of honour in 2006 for retiring player Saverio Rocca, who forged a successful goalkicking career at both clubs. After playing in the Auskick games at half time of senior matches, the junior players line up to form a guard of honour for when the players return to the field.[109] - In cricket, the guard of honour is used to celebrate the achievement of a player (usually as a batsman), normally used during a player's final game. The players' teammates or opposition form a cordon, with their bats at the second count of the draw sabre forming an arch, and the successful player walks through. It may also be performed to mark a milestone, such as when a player breaks a world record. A player can receive guard of honour multiple times as they retire from different forms of the game separately. When a bowler retires, it would generally be when they leave the field for the final time, or when they play their final match in a certain venue of importance (away match, home ground, retiring on the same day a ground is due to be demolished). - In recent times guard of honour is usually done among hockey players for those who have done something valuable for their country like Balbir Singh Sr or Jamie Dwyer. -",2023-08-26 17:42:19 -Kieran Suckling - Wikipedia,"Kierán Suckling (born 1964) is one of the founders and the executive director of the Center for Biological Diversity, a nonprofit conservation group known for its innovative approaches to the protection of endangered species, wilderness, clean air and clean water.[1] - The New Yorker dubbed the Center as ""the most important radical environmental group in the country"" and Suckling a ""trickster, philosopher, publicity hound, master strategist, and unapologetic pain in the ass.""[2] The LA Weekly calls the Center ""pound for pound, dollar for dollar, the most effective conservation organization in the country,"" and says of Suckling: ""Rimbaud reinvented poetry. Kierán Suckling would do the same with environmentalism.""[3] - The Center, which has secured protection for over 700 endangered species and 475,000,000 acres (192,225,680 ha) of habitat in the U.S.,[4] works towards environmental protection.[5] It often comes under fire from logging, mining, pesticide, oil, coal and other industries.[5] Suckling founded the Center for Biological Diversity while working on his doctoral dissertation in 1989.[5] -He served as executive director from 1989 to 2004, policy director from 2005 to 2007, and became executive director again in 2008.[1] - Suckling's parents and siblings immigrated to the United States from Ireland and England in the 1960s. He is the only member of his immediate family born in the United States. As a child, he lived with his family in Ireland, England, Peru, Nevada, Maine and Massachusetts. Following the divorce of his parents, he settled on Cape Cod, graduating from Sandwich High School in 1982. He entered Salve Regina University, in Rhode Island, in 1982, then transferred the following year to double major in computer science at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and philosophy at the College of the Holy Cross. He was culturally and politically active in college, editing literary and science magazines, organizing poetry readings, founding a chapter of Student Pugwash USA, working for the Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group and participating in political rallies and teach-ins opposing U.S. intervention in Nicaragua and advocating global nuclear disarmament. - He received a BA in Philosophy from College of the Holy Cross in 1987 and went on to study natural language processing as a fellow at Stanford University's Center for the Study of Language and Information and math at Columbia University.[5] He backpacked in national parks and wilderness areas throughout Canada, the United States and Mexico for two years, funding his travels by working as a cook in Missoula, Montana. It was during these years that he first became an environmental activist, working with Earth First! groups in Montana, New Mexico and Arizona. - In 1989 Suckling entered a Ph.D. program in philosophy at Stony Brook University. His area of concentration was phenomenology, hermeneutics, deconstruction, anthropology and religion. He taught Introduction to World Religions and Introduction to Eastern Religions to undergraduates in the Religious Studies Department. In 1990, he began work on a dissertation on the relationship between the extinction of species, languages and cultures.[5] - During the summers, Suckling worked as a Mexican spotted owl and northern goshawk surveyor on National Forests and Native American reservation lands in New Mexico and Arizona. He started the Center for Biological Diversity in Reserve, NM, with Earth First!, owl surveying and native lands protection friends in 1989. He moved west permanently in 1992 (to Reserve) to work full time on endangered species and public land protection. He left the Stony Brook University doctoral program in 1999, receiving an MA in philosophy.[5] - Suckling has published articles assessing trends in conservation of imperiled species, the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] - He has examined the deep implications of the global homogenizing of biodiversity, language and culture, and the relationship between environmentalism, the arts, and the rights of indigenous peoples and poor communities.[15][16] His more recent works are an examination of the ""frog prince"" stories in Brothers and Beasts: An Anthology of Men on Fairy Tales[17] and ""Three catastrophies, one sky,"" a reflection on mass extinctions and global warming.[18] -",2023-08-26 17:42:23 -Oscar Forman - Wikipedia," - Oscar Forman (born 16 January 1982) is an Australian professional basketball player. He played 17 seasons in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL) between 2001 and 2018. - Forman was born in Adelaide, South Australia.[1] He attended Unley High School[2] and played for the Sturt Sabres as a junior.[1] He moved to Canberra in 2000 to attend the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and play for their SEABL team.[3] - Forman made his debut in the National Basketball League for the Adelaide 36ers during the 2001–02 season and was a member of the 36ers' championship team as a rookie. In the 2004–05 season, he led the league with a 47% three-point shooting percentage.[1] His final season with the 36ers came in the 2005–06 season.[1] During his time with the 36ers, he spent the off-seasons playing in the Central ABL with the Sturt Sabres.[4] He won a championship with the Sabres in 2002[1] and won the Woollacott Medal in 2005.[5] - For the 2006–07 NBL season, Forman joined the New Zealand Breakers.[6][7][8] He played four seasons with the Breakers. During his time in New Zealand, he played for the Harbour Heat of the New Zealand NBL in 2007 and 2008.[4] - For the 2010–11 NBL season, Forman joined the Wollongong Hawks.[9] He played for Wollongong/Illawarra for the next eight seasons. In his first season with the Hawks, he was named the NBL's Most Improved Player. He played his 400th NBL game during the 2014–15 season[10][11] and then reached 450 games during the 2015–16 season.[12][13] He helped the Hawks reach the NBL Grand Final in the 2016–17 season. In December 2017, he became the 13th player to reach 500 NBL games.[14][15] - Following the 2017–18 season, Forman retired from the NBL after 511 games.[16] His 511 games ranks 11th all-time, and his 904 three-pointers ranks 13th all-time.[16] - Forman had a brief stint with the Hawke's Bay Hawks of the New Zealand NBL in 2018,[4] and in 2022 he had a brief stint in the NBL1 East with the Illawarra Hawks.[17] - Forman was a member of the Australian team that competed at the 2003 World University Summer Games in Korea.[1] He later competed for the Boomers at the 2005 FIBA Stanković Continental Champions' Cup and the 2009 FIBA Oceania Championship.[18] - Forman is of Italian heritage.[19] - In April 2022, Forman was appointed Basketball Illawarra's general manager.[20] -",2023-08-26 17:42:27 -John Clarke (businessman) - Wikipedia," - ""Doctor"" John Clarke (1773–1846) was an American businessman who played a major role in the development of Saratoga Springs, New York, in the 1800s. Usually called ""Doctor Clarke"", Doctor was a courtesy title.[1] - Born in Yorkshire England, Clarke immigrated to America and settled in New York City. In 1819 he opened the first soda fountain there.[1] In 1823 he purchased land in Saratoga Springs with partner Thomas Lynch.[2] The property included the Congress Spring in what is now Congress Park, at that time a swamp.[3] Clarke drained the swamp to create a park and built a bottling plant there. In 1825 Lynch and Clarke began bottling Congress Spring Water. Lynch died in 1833 and Clarke continued the business alone. - Clarke built a doric pavilion to cover Congress Spring, which was torn down in 1876 when Frederick Law Olmsted redesigned the park and reconstructed in the 1970s.[3] - Clarke planned and named Circular Street in Saratoga Springs,[1] and in 1832 he built a Greek Revival mansion there overlooking Congress Park.[4] He donated land to build an Episcopal church on the south-east corner of Circular Street and Union Avenue (then called East Congress Street). A change of plans resulted in the location moving to Washington Street where the Bethesda Episcopal Church was built in 1842. -However the original plan caused the site to be christened Temple Grove,[5] and later the Temple Grove Ladies Seminary, a predecessor of Skidmore College was constructed on the site. - Clarke began to accumulate land east of Congress Park from the time he arrived in Saratoga Springs. At his death he owned nearly 1,000 acres (400 ha). - Dr. Clarke was married to Mrs. Eliza (Bryer) White, widow of Charles White, with whom he had three children, Eliza(September 6, 1829 – April 25, 1894), Thomas (d. August 16, 1880[6] ), and George B. He died on May 6, 1846.[5] and is buried in the Gideon Putnam Burying Ground in Saratoga Springs.[7] Eliza first married Isaac Thayer and after his death in 1852 Cornelius Sheehan, and continued to occupy the house on Circular street. -",2023-08-26 17:42:30 -Cycling at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's individual time trial - Wikipedia," - The women's individual time trial competition at the 1998 Asian Games was held on 10 December.[1] - All times are Indochina Time (UTC+07:00) -",2023-08-26 17:42:34 -Pocaty River - Wikipedia,"The Pocaty River is a river in the United States state of Virginia. - - - This article related to a river in Virginia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:37 -"Köseuşağı, Çelikhan - Wikipedia","Köseuşağı is a village in the Çelikhan District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey.[1] The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 165 in 2021.[2][3] - The hamlet of Yağmurlu is attached to Köseuşağı.[1] - - This geographical article about a location in Adıyaman Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:40 -Okanagan Highland - Wikipedia,"The Okanagan Highland is an elevated hilly plateau area in British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. state of Washington (where it is spelled Okanogan Highlands). Rounded mountains with elevations up to 8,000 ft (2,400 m) above sea level and deep, narrow valleys are characteristic of the region. - BC Geographical Names, a service of the British Columbia Integrated Land Management Bureau, defines the Okanagan Highland as an area extending southward from the Shuswap River and the Coldstream Valley, east of Vernon, British Columbia, for 85 miles to the 49th parallel and into the State of Washington, lying between the Monashee Mountains on the east, and the Thompson Plateau and the Okanagan Valley on the west. The eastern boundary of the Okanagan Highland is clearly defined by the valley of the Kettle River. The western boundary is drawn arbitrarily and is somewhat difficult to define, because there are no natural features to follow between Penticton in the Okanagan Valley and Lumby in the Coldstream Valley.[2] - The Washington State Department of Natural Resources describes the ""Okanogan Highlands"" as a larger area, extending from east of the Cascade Mountains and north of the Columbia Basin into northern Idaho and the Shuswap Highland in British Columbia. This region includes FDR Reservoir (the impounded Columbia River above Grand Coulee Dam), the Kettle River Range, and the southern portion of the Monashee Mountains.[3] - The highest summit in the Highland is Big White Mountain, at its northeastern extremity, which is also the highest summit of the Beaverdell Range, a mountain range which extends south from Big White between the Kettle and West Kettle Rivers. Other notable summits are Little White Mountain, Mount Baldy, Mount Moore, Mount Greyback, Mount Hull, and Mount Bonaparte which is the highest summit in the US portion of the Highland. - The Okanagan Highland is the source of several rivers in addition to the Kettle and West Kettle, including the Sanpoil River. - Protected areas located within the Okanagan Highland include Ellison Provincial Park, Kalamalka Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area, Echo Lake Provincial Park, Denison-Bonneau Provincial Park, Wrinkly Face Provincial Park, Graystokes Provincial Park, Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park, Myra-Bellevue Provincial Park, Browne Lake Provincial Park, Skaha Bluffs Provincial Park, Conkle Lake Provincial Park, Johnstone Creek Provincial Park and Colville National Forest. -",2023-08-26 17:42:44 -Daliyah - Wikipedia,"Daliyah (Arabic: الدالية) is a Syrian village in the Jableh District in Latakia Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Daliyah had a population of 4,540 in the 2004 census.[1] - This Syria-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:48 -Compsolechia inusta - Wikipedia," - Compsolechia inusta is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Guyana.[1] - The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are dark grey, slightly sprinkled with whitish, the costal edge blackish from the base to the middle, where it is terminated by an oblique spot. There is a very oblique thick blackish streak from one-sixth of the dorsum to two-fifths of the disc. The discal stigmata are obscurely indicated with a very fine hardly incurved subterminal line from four-fifths of the costa to the tornus, slightly edged anteriorly with dark fuscous, on the costa by a patch of dark fuscous suffusion only separated from the median spot by a few whitish specks. There is a costal patch of fine whitish irroration (speckles) beyond this. There are also two fine black longitudinal strigulae, touching the costa towards the apex, and two others touching the termen towards the middle. The hindwings are dark fuscous.[2] - This article on a moth of the genus Compsolechia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:51 -"Swayambhunathaswamy Temple, Peralam - Wikipedia","Swayambhunathaswamy Temple (Tamil: பேரளம் சுயம்புநாதசுவாமி கோயில்) is a Hindu temple located in Peralam in the Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu, India. [1] - It is located at a distance of 3 km from Kollumangudi, at Peralam in Kumbakonam-Karaikkal road. [2] - The presiding deity is known as Swayambhunathaswamy and the goddess is Bhavani. - The temple tanks are Surya tirtta and Chandra tirtta. [1] Perala munivar, Yagyavalkiyar, Shukracharya, Markandeya and Vishvamitra worshipped the deity of the temple. [2] In this temple rajagopura, Dhwaja Stambha, nandhi, shrines of the presiding deity and the goddess are found. - Kumbhabhishekham of the temple was held on 29 January 1959. The temple is opened for worship from 6.00 a.m. to 12.00 p.m. and from 4.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. [3] - -",2023-08-26 17:42:54 -Ava Acres - Wikipedia," - Ava Acres (born May 13, 2004) is an American actress. She played young Regina in Once Upon a Time and also appeared in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Katya Belyakov, the main antagonist of the episode ""Melinda"".[1] In addition, she has played Madeline in season 5 of the television series American Horror Story,[2] and young Rebecca in the comedy series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.[3] Acres' older sister, Isabella, is also an actress.[4] - - This article about a United States film actor born in the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about an American television actor born between 2000–2009 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:42:58 -Hamidan - Wikipedia,"Hamidan (Persian: حميدان, also Romanized as Ḩamīdān; also known as Dehlā’īyeh and Deh Lāleh)[1][2] is a village in Gheyzaniyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 20 families.[3] - This Ahvaz County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:43:01 -Patanvav - Wikipedia," - Patanvav is a large village 23 km from Dhoraji Town, 13 km from Upleta, 21 km from Manavadar, and 115 km from Rajkot by good motorable roads. It is in Dhoraji taluka of Rajkot district in Gujarat. Patanvav is at an elevation of 68 meters above mean sea level. Postal code is 360430. Dhoraji and Upleta towns are connected by railways on Rajkot-Jetalsar-Porbandar line. Village is situated in the foothills of the Osam Hills. - Osham hills are the only source of mineral Perlite in India. - There are four important temples up hill, two devoted to lord Shiva, one Tapakeshwar Mahadeo and the second one Bhimnath Mahadeo which is just near to Bhimkund. A Jain temple devoted to sixteenth Tirthankara Lord Shantinath has come up in recent past at beautiful place nearer to Bhimnath Mahadeo temple. More prominent fourth temple is Matrimataji temple devoted to Amba Devi. - Kothari family Kuldev Sthanak is situated at the bank of beautiful Panchkodia Talao, a pond, on way to Bhimnath Mahadeo temple. - A large Jain temple is situated downhill Osham, devoted to first Tirthankara Lord Rushabhdeo which has unique circular shape of Siddha-Chakra. Apart from this, there is another Jain Temple in the village devoted to Lord Simandher Swami. - Every year a Lok-Mela or Fun fare is held on Shravan Amavashya (last day of dark half) of Hindu calendar which attracts huge crowds from far flung areas to have Darshan of auspicious Matrimataji temple. Village is pilgrimage centre for many Hindus and Jain. - Population of the village is about 5000 people and have four schools spread over five spacious buildings. Education is available up to Higher Secondary School Certificate. Village has full fledged police station having jurisdiction up to about 20 km on Dhoraji road. Primary medical facility is available. It's well planned village. Water is being distributed through pipelines. - Following data are from Census 2011. - As per 2011 census, Patanvav has 1226 families residing. The village has a population of 5181, of which 2678 are males while 2503 are females. - In Patanvav village population of children with age 0-6 is 506 which makes up 9.77% of the total population of the village. Average Sex Ratio of Patanvav village is 935 which is higher than Gujarat state average of 919. Child Sex Ratio for the Patanvav as per census is 788, lower than Gujarat average of 890. - Patanvav village has higher literacy rate compared to Gujarat. In 2011, literacy rate of Patanvav village was 82.67 % compared to 78.03 % of Gujarat. In Patanvav Male literacy stands at 88.23 % while female literacy rate was 76.84%.[1] - Patanvav, during British Raj was under administration of Gondal State. - There is a small range of hills nearby known as Osam hills or Osam Hills where the five Pandavas are believed to have stayed during their exile.[2] On the hill there are ruins of a fort. As per the mythological beliefs it was here Bhima met Hidimbi. The Matri Mataji temple here is very old housing impressive deities. - Shri Osham Jain Temple, Dhankagiri[3] is very sacred pilgrimage -centre with in Patanvav village.  WikiMiniAtlas21°36′50″N 70°15′47″E / 21.614°N 70.263°E / 21.614; 70.263Patanvav also famous for Matrimataji mela (Fair) held on every year on Shravan month Amavashya of Hindu Vikram Samvat (Hindu Lunar Calendar year) . - A small range of hills known as Osham or Osam Hills is lying towards the south of the Patanvav Village. - Patanvav is at south of foothill of Osam Hills - The Heart of Gujarat OSAM HILL @ Patanvav. - http://patanvav.com/home.html - http://patanvav.com/about-us.html - http://patanvav.com/history.html - http://patanvav.com/book.html - http://patanvav.com/photo-gallery.html - http://patanvav.com/visitors-blog.html - http://patanvav.com/events.html - http://patanvav.com/video.html - http://patanvav.com/news.html - http://patanvav.com/contact-us.html -",2023-08-26 17:43:04 -BlueDot - Wikipedia,"BlueDot Inc. is a Canadian software company. The company's flagship product is Insights, a software-as-service used to map the spread of infectious diseases. - BlueDot was founded in 2013. According to the company's founder, BlueDot's initial business concept was inspired by the effects of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.[1] The company secured $9.4 million in Series A funding in 2019, with its primary investors being Horizon Ventures, The Co-operators, and BDC Capital's Women in Technology Venture Fund.[1] - BlueDot and its software received significant coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic. BlueDot software is being used to track outbreaks of COVID-19.[1][2][3] While the WHO publicly warned of “pneumonia with an unknown cause” in China for the first time on January 5, BlueDot warned users six days earlier about the impending danger.[4][5][6] - - This article about the COVID-19 pandemic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:43:07 -1987–88 NK Rijeka season - Wikipedia," - The 1987–88 season was the 42nd season in Rijeka's history and their 26th season in the Yugoslav First League. Their 4th place finish in the 1986–87 season meant it was their 14th successive season playing in the Yugoslav First League. - Source: rsssf.com - Source: rsssf.com - Competitive matches only. Appearances in brackets indicate numbers of times the player came on as a substitute. - 1. Data for league attendance in most cases reflects the number of sold tickets and may not be indicative of the actual attendance. -",2023-08-26 17:43:11 -Ilona - Wikipedia,"Ilona is a Hungarian female given name, the traditional name of the Queen of the Dragon Wolves in Hungarian folklore.[1][2] - Its etymology is uncertain, could be Finno-Ugric, but a common theory is that Ilona is cognate of the Greek given name Helen.[3] - Diminutive forms include Ilonka and Ilike. - Ilona is a common name in Finland too,[4] where it is considered to refer to the Finnish word ilo (""joy"") and ilona literally means ""as a joy [to someone]"". It is also common in Latvia, Estonia, France, Lithuania and Poland[citation needed] (formerly in crown union with Hungary).[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 17:43:14 -The Black Sorrows - Wikipedia," - The Black Sorrows are an Australian blues rock band formed in 1983 by mainstay vocalist Joe Camilleri (ex-Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons), who also plays saxophone and guitar. Camilleri has used various line-ups to record 17 albums, with five reaching the top 20 on the ARIA Albums Charts: Hold on to Me (September 1988), Harley and Rose (August 1990), Better Times (September 1992), The Chosen Ones - Greatest Hits (November 1993) and Lucky Charm (November 1994). Their top 40 singles are ""Chained to the Wheel"" (February 1989), ""Harley + Rose"" (August 1990) and ""Snake Skin Shoes"" (July 1994). - The Black Sorrows began as a loose pick-up band in Melbourne in 1983.[1][2] They played mostly covers of R&B, zydeco, soul and blues music.[1] An early line-up was founding mainstay, Joe Camilleri (aka Joey Vincent) on vocals, saxophone and guitar (ex-The Pelaco Brothers, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons); with Jeff Burstin on guitar (ex-Company Caine, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons), Wayne Burt on guitar and vocals (ex-Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons, the Fabulaires); George Butrumlis on piano accordion; Wayne Duncan on bass guitar (ex-Daddy Cool, Living Legends); Steve McTaggart on violin; Paul Williamson on clarinet and saxophone; and Gary Young on drums (ex-Daddy Cool, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons).[1][3] - Initially, Camilleri used the group to play gigs in local cafes after the dissolution of his previous band, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons.[4][5] From 1983 to 1988 he used the name Joey Vincent for his work with the band.[1][5] Membership in the band has been loose and fluid.[1][3] Most of The Falcons, at one point or another, have been members; numerous other Australian musicians have drifted in and out of the line-ups.[1][3] Aside from zydeco, their early style included Cajun music.[2] - Their first two albums, Sonola (June 1984) and Rockin' Zydeco (March 1985), were each recorded live-in-the-studio, in one day, with Camilleri producing.[1][3] They consisted almost entirely of R&B covers of material from Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Arthur Alexander, Don Covay, and John Lee Hooker.[1][2][5] - A Place in the World followed in November 1985, again produced by Camilleri, it only had one cover track, the rest co-written by Camilleri with Nick Smith (ex-Millionaires, The Kevins, Stephen Cummings Band), who was also on guitar and backing vocals.[2][3][5] Camilleri told Catherine Cook of The Canberra Times that they ""had to exist on their own merit"".[2] She noted the songwriter was ""taking all the best from the music he was playing and adding experiences and ideas"".[2] Also joining the group, just before recording, was Peter Luscombe (ex-Tinsley Waterhouse Band, Stephen Cummings Band) on drums and percussion.[1][3] Camilleri, Burstin, Burt, Butrumlis, Luscombe, McTaggart, and Smith were joined in the studio by sessions musicians including Ed Bates (ex-The Sports) on guitar; Joe Creighton (ex-Billy T) on bass guitar; Ross Hannaford (ex-Daddy Cool, Billy T) on guitar; Andrew Pendlebury (ex-The Sports) on guitar; and The Blackberries on vocal harmonies.[1][3] - By November 1986 the Black Sorrows line-up was Camilleri, Burstin, Luscombe and Smith; with Johnny Charles on bass guitar.[5] The group were playing mostly original material. The group released ""Mystified"" which gained radio play and peaked at number 24 on the Kent Music Report. -The group's fourth studio album, Dear Children (April 1987), which was co-produced by Camilleri and Burstin, initially appeared on Camel Records.[1][3][6] but CBS signed them to a distribution deal.[1][3][5] With CBS promoting, it peaked at No. 22 the Australian Kent Music Report albums chart in June.[6] In May that year, the single, ""Daughters of Glory"", had reached the top 50 on the related Kent Music Report singles chart.[6] - Additional session musicians used on Dear Children included: Butrumlis; Tony Faeshe on guitar and viola; Venetta Fields on backing vocals; Mick Girasole on bass guitar; Paul Grabowsky on piano; Sherlie Matthews on backing vocals; Mick O'Connor on keyboards and Hammond organ.[1][3] The band often made use of session or touring musicians including Sam See on slide guitar, Tony Norris on trumpet, and Kerryn Tolhurst on guitar. - During 1988 Smith left the performance line-up, however he continued writing lyrics for the Black Sorrows over the following two decades. By mid-year Burt had returned on guitar, Charles was replaced by Girasole on bass guitar, and Vika and Linda Bull joined on backing vocals and occasional lead vocals (ex-Sophisticated Boom Boom, The Sacred Hearts of Sweet Temptation, The Honeymooners).[1][3] Australian journalist Ed Nimmervoll described the ""classic line-up"" of the group as Camilleri, Linda and Vika Bull, Burstin, Burt, Girasole and Luscombe.[7] The Bull sisters' readily identifiable singing style became a big part of The Black Sorrows' sound.[1][5] At live gigs each had their own ""spots"" showing different voices: ""Vika strong and soulful. Linda soft and gentle.""[8] - The group's fifth album, Hold on to Me, was issued in September 1988, which was co-produced by Burstin and Camilleri.[1][3] As well as the standard version CBS released a limited edition 2× LP in Australia.[3] AllMusic's Rudyard Kennedy felt the lead singer was able to ""channel the voice and persona of"" Van Morrison and while the group ""borrow many of the same ingredients"" however ""the trick is in mixing those well-worn ingredients together and coming up with something new"" such that the album ""deserves to be heard and hailed by music fans the world over"".[9] - The album peaked at No. 7 on the ARIA Albums Chart in May 1989 and remained in the top 50 for 46 weeks.[6] It provided two top 40 hits on the associated Singles Chart: ""Chained to the Wheel"" (March 1989 – their highest charting single at No. 9) and ""The Crack-Up"" (April).[6] At the ARIA Music Awards of 1990 they won Best Group.[10] Internationally Hold on to Me peaked at No. 6 on the Norwegian Albums Chart;[11] No. 18 on the Swedish Albums Chart;[12] and No. 35 on the New Zealand Albums Chart.[13] - Before recording their sixth album, Harley and Rose (August 1990), Jen Anderson was added on violin (ex-Kings of the World); and Richard Sega replaced Girasole on bass guitar.[1][3] It was co-produced by Camilleri, Burstin and Luscombe; and the CD format has six bonus tracks compared with the LP version.[3] It peaked at No. 3 in Australia and remained in the top 50 for 51 weeks;[6] No. 5 in Norway;[11] and No. 36 in Sweden.[12] The album produced two top 30 singles; ""Harley + Rose"" and ""Never Let Me Go"". - The Revelators a band made up of members of the Black Sorrows released their first album, Amazing Stories, in December 1991.[1][14] The Revelators sound was a return to early The Black Sorrows material: playing largely R&B-oriented cover songs.[1] - Burt left the Black Sorrows before recording for their seventh album, Better Times (September 1992), and Stephen Hadley (ex-Kate Ceberano and the Ministry of Fun) replaced Sega on bass guitar.[1][3] Also added to the line-up were Barker and James Black (on keyboards) of The Relevators.[1][3][14] Finally, Laurie Polec took over as the band's primary lyricist,[1] although Smith contributed to this and future releases. Better Times peaked at No. 13 in Australia.[6] - In March 1993 the group re-released Better Times as 2× CD pack with The Revelators' Amazing Stories as a bonus disc.[1][3][14] The pack reached No. 14 in Australia.[6] In September, the Black Sorrows released ""Stir It Up"" – a cover of the Bob Marley track. Their first greatest hits album, The Chosen Ones - Greatest Hits, appeared in November 1993, which peaked at No. 4 in January 1994.[6] - By the end of 1993, Camilleri announced that after The Chosen Ones Tour, the current line-up of The Black Sorrows would be dissolved.[15] It became his solo band with ""a floating line-up of specially selected musicians"".[1][5] Vika and Linda launched their duo career in March 1994.[16][17] Luscombe was later a session drummer or band member for various groups including Paul Kelly Band (and associated side projects Professor Ratbaggy and Stardust Five),[18] and as from May 2014 is a member of the SBS-TV quiz show, RocKwiz house band, RocKwiz Orkestra since 2005. Black also worked as a session musician or band member including for Sherine's X Machine, Things of Stone and Wood, Deborah Conway,[19] and with Luscombe on RocKwiz since 2005. - For the new iteration of The Black Sorrows, Camilleri retained only Hadley from the previous line-up. The group's next album, Lucky Charm (November 1994) was recorded in New York with Camilleri co-producing with Kerryn Tolhurst. While the group had no fixed line-up at this juncture, in the studio the group most frequently called on the services of Hadley on bass guitar, Tolhurst on guitar, mandolin, tiple and keyboards, Rob Burke on saxophone, Claude Carranza on guitar, Steve Ferrone on drums, and Andy York on guitar. Lyrics for the album's songs were supplied by James Griffin, Smith or Polec. McFarlane noted that the album was ""a more reflective, rootsier collection than previous band efforts"".[1] It reached No. 20 in Australia.[6] - The group's ninth studio album, Beat Club was released in November 1998. The album was co-produced by Camilleri, Black and Tolhurst.[3] It also used guest musicians including Burstin, Burt and Renée Geyer on vocals. McFarlane described it as containing ""R&B-tinged jazz and blues tunes"".[1] The lead single, ""New Craze"" (August 1997), was nominated at the 1998 APRA Awards for Most Performed Jazz Work in Australia for its writers Camilleri, Smith and Black.[20] - In the early 2000s Camilleri founded another side project, Bakelite Radio, which temporarily supplanted his recording activity with The Black Sorrows. As is characteristic of Camilleri's projects, Bakelite Radio started as a loosely organised covers band with a fluid membership. However, the players in Bakelite Radio were generally similar to the membership of the concurrent line-up of The Black Sorrows, with only the repertoire differing. - Camilleri also reunited with The Revelators and released ARIA Award nominated studio albums in 2000 and 2002. - The Black Sorrows returned from hiatus and released an acoustic album, One Mo' Time, in 2004 with returning members Camilleri, Black, Burstin, Floyd and Hadley. The band's follow-up album was Roarin' Town, released in October 2006. For this release, The Black Sorrows were Camilleri, Black, Floyd, Hadley, and the returning Carranza. Carranza and Black had also played with Camilleri in Bakelite Radio. As well, Nick Smith, who had been one of several lyricists used by The Black Sorrows in the previous decade, was now once again the band's sole lyricst in terms of the band's new original material. - The 2006 touring line-up of The Black Sorrows consisted of Camilleri, Black, Creighton, Carranza, Floyd, and new recruits Annette Roche and Troy McMillan on backing vocals. When the band resumed touring in 2007, Roche and McMillan had left the group. - A one-time only gig in December 2008 featured a Black Sorrows line-up that traversed different eras of the band. This line-up included Camilleri, Anderson, Bates, Vika and Linda Bull, Butrumlis, Carranza, Creighton and Floyd. - Camilleri continued performing with The Black Sorrows, The Revelators and Bakelite Radio at gigs with a changing roster of musicians. In late 2009 The Black Sorrows released a CD/DVD compilation pack, 4 Days in Sing Sing (2009). The DVD chronicles the making of the album, which consists of 17 tracks recorded live-in-the-studio at Sing Sing Studios in Melbourne. All tracks were versions of The Black Sorrows and Bakelite Radio tracks, and were played by the then-current line-up for both bands: Camilleri, Black, Carranza, and Creighton. - The 2010-2012 Black Sorrows line-up consisted of Camilleri, Carranza, Creighton, and the returning Floyd, alongside new vocalist Atlanta Coogan who joined in 2010. In 2012 the line-up released Crooked Little Thoughts, a 72-page hard cover book including 3× CDs, photos, lyrics and the artwork of Victor Rubin. - By 2013 the line-up had shuffled again. Camilleri and Carranza were now joined by Angus Burchall on drums, Mark Gray on bass guitar, and John McAll on keyboards and backing vocals.[21] This Black Sorrows line-up would prove to be by far the longest lasting, releasing five albums over the next 8 years. - The group released their 14th album Certified Blue produced by Camilleri and John McAll, on April Fool's Day 2014.[21] A pair of follow-up albums, consisting of cover songs recorded during the 'Certified Blue sessions, were released simultaneously the following year. Entitled Endless Sleep Chapter 46 and Endless Sleep Chapter 47 produced by Camilleri and John McAll, these albums were issued on vinyl, with a CD version included as a bonus -- the CDs were not available to purchase separately. - In September 2016, keeping the same line-up, The Black Sorrows released Faithful Satellite, produced by Camilleri and John McAll, their 17th studio album. - 2019 saw the release of Citizen John produced by Camilleri and recorded at Woodstock Studios in Melbourne. This was all Camilleri and Smith songs with the exception of Silvio, a Bob Dylan Robert Hunter cover. The band was still Camilleri, Carranza, Gray, Burchall, and John McAll. - By 2021, the line-up had shifted again, with a complete overhaul except for perennial frontman Camilleri. The band now consists of Camilleri, Shannon Bourne (guitar), Mitch Cairnes (bass), Peter Solley (keyboards) and the once again returning Tony Floyd (drums). The Black Sorrows released their 19th studio album,Saint Georges Road, in September 2021. - According to sources:[1][3] - - - The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually. - The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. - The Music Victoria Awards are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music. They commenced in 2006. - -",2023-08-26 17:43:17 -Chris White (offensive lineman) - Wikipedia,"Chris La Bryant White (born February 28, 1983) is a former American football center. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at the University of Southern Mississippi. -",2023-08-26 17:43:20 -Multispectral imaging - Wikipedia,"Multispectral imaging captures image data within specific wavelength ranges across the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelengths may be separated by filters or detected with the use of instruments that are sensitive to particular wavelengths, including light from frequencies beyond the visible light range, i.e. infrared and ultra-violet. It can allow extraction of additional information the human eye fails to capture with its visible receptors for red, green and blue. It was originally developed for military target identification and reconnaissance. Early space-based imaging platforms incorporated multispectral imaging technology[1] to map details of the Earth related to coastal boundaries, vegetation, and landforms.[2] Multispectral imaging has also found use in document and painting analysis.[3][4] - Multispectral imaging measures light in a small number (typically 3 to 15) of spectral bands. Hyperspectral imaging is a special case of spectral imaging where often hundreds of contiguous spectral bands are available.[5] - Multispectral imaging measures light emission and is often used in detecting or tracking military targets. In 2003, researchers at the United States Army Research Laboratory and the Federal Laboratory Collaborative Technology Alliance reported a dual band multispectral imaging focal plane array (FPA). This FPA allowed researchers to look at two infrared (IR) planes at the same time.[6] Because mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long wave infrared (LWIR) technologies measure radiation inherent to the object and require no external light source, they also are referred to as thermal imaging methods. - The brightness of the image produced by a thermal imager depends on the objects emissivity and temperature.[7]  Every material has an infrared signature that aids in the identification of the object.[8] These signatures are less pronounced in hyperspectral systems (which image in many more bands than multispectral systems) and when exposed to wind and, more dramatically, to rain.[8] Sometimes the surface of the target may reflect infrared energy. This reflection may misconstrue the true reading of the objects’ inherent radiation.[9] Imaging systems that use MWIR technology function better with solar reflections on the target's surface and produce more definitive images of hot objects, such as engines, compared to LWIR technology.[10] However, LWIR operates better in hazy environments like smoke or fog because less scattering occurs in the longer wavelengths.[7] Researchers claim that dual-band technologies combine these advantages to provide more information from an image, particularly in the realm of target tracking.[6] - For nighttime target detection, thermal imaging outperformed single-band multispectral imaging. Dual band MWIR and LWIR technology resulted in better visualization during the nighttime than MWIR alone. Citation Citation. The US Army reports that its dual band LWIR/MWIR FPA demonstrated better visualizing of tactical vehicles than MWIR alone after tracking them through both day and night.[citation needed] - By analyzing the emissivity of ground surfaces, multispectral imaging can detect the presence of underground missiles. Surface and sub-surface soil possess different physical and chemical properties that appear in spectral analysis.[8] Disturbed soil has increased emissivity in the wavelength range of 8.5 to 9.5 micrometers while demonstrating no change in wavelengths greater than 10 micrometers.[6] The US Army Research Laboratory's dual MWIR/LWIR FPA used ""red"" and ""blue"" detectors to search for areas with enhanced emissivity. The red detector acts as a backdrop, verifying realms of undisturbed soil areas, as it is sensitive to the 10.4 micrometer wavelength. The blue detector is sensitive to wavelengths of 9.3 micrometers. If the intensity of the blue image changes when scanning, that region is likely disturbed. The scientists reported that fusing these two images increased detection capabilities.[6] - Intercepting an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in its boost phase requires imaging of the hard body as well as the rocket plumes. MWIR presents a strong signal from highly heated objects including rocket plumes, while LWIR produces emissions from the missile's body material. The US Army Research Laboratory reported that with their dual-band MWIR/LWIR technology, tracking of the Atlas 5 Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles, similar in design to ICBMs, picked up both the missile body and plumage.[6] - Most radiometers for remote sensing (RS) acquire multispectral images. Dividing the spectrum into many bands, multispectral is the opposite of panchromatic, which records only the total intensity of radiation falling on each pixel.[11] Usually, Earth observation satellites have three or more radiometers. Each acquires one digital image (in remote sensing, called a 'scene') in a small spectral band. The bands are grouped into wavelength regions based on the origin of the light and the interests of the researchers. - Modern weather satellites produce imagery in a variety of spectra.[12] - Multispectral imaging combines two to five spectral imaging bands of relatively large bandwidth into a single optical system. A multispectral system usually provides a combination of visible (0.4 to 0.7 µm), near infrared (NIR; 0.7 to 1 µm), short-wave infrared (SWIR; 1 to 1.7 µm), mid-wave infrared (MWIR; 3.5 to 5 µm) or long-wave infrared (LWIR; 8 to 12 µm) bands into a single system. — Valerie C. Coffey[13] In the case of Landsat satellites, several different band designations have been used, with as many as 11 bands (Landsat 8) comprising a multispectral image.[14][15][16] Spectral imaging with a higher radiometric resolution -(involving hundreds or thousands of bands), finer spectral resolution (involving smaller bands), or wider spectral coverage may be called hyperspectral or ultraspectral.[16] - Multispectral imaging can be employed for investigation of paintings and other works of art.[3] The painting is irradiated by ultraviolet, visible and infrared rays and the reflected radiation is recorded in a camera sensitive in this regions of the spectrum. The image can also be registered using the transmitted instead of reflected radiation. In special cases the painting can be irradiated by UV, VIS or IR rays and the fluorescence of pigments or varnishes can be registered.[17] - Multispectral analysis has assisted in the interpretation of ancient papyri, such as those found at Herculaneum, by imaging the fragments in the infrared range (1000 nm). Often, the text on the documents appears to the naked eye as black ink on black paper. At 1000 nm, the difference in how paper and ink reflect infrared light makes the text clearly readable. It has also been used to image the Archimedes palimpsest by imaging the parchment leaves in bandwidths from 365–870 nm, and then using advanced digital image processing techniques to reveal the undertext with Archimedes' work.[18] Multispectral imaging has been used in a Mellon Foundation project at Yale University to compare inks in medieval English manuscripts.[4] - Multispectral imaging has also been used to examine discolorations and stains on old books and manuscripts. Comparing the ""spectral fingerprint"" of a stain to the characteristics of known chemical substances can make it possible to identify the stain. This technique has been used to examine medical and alchemical texts, seeking hints about the activities of early chemists and the possible chemical substances they may have used in their experiments. Like a cook spilling flour or vinegar on a cookbook, an early chemist might have left tangible evidence on the pages of the ingredients used to make medicines.[19] - The wavelengths are approximate; exact values depend on the particular instruments (e.g. characteristics of satellite's sensors for Earth observation, characteristics of illumination and sensors for document analysis): - For different purposes, different combinations of spectral bands can be used. They are usually represented with red, green, and blue channels. Mapping of bands to colors depends on the purpose of the image and the personal preferences of the analysts. Thermal infrared is often omitted from consideration due to poor spatial resolution, except for special purposes. - Many other combinations are in use. NIR is often shown as red, causing vegetation-covered areas to appear red. - Unlike other aerial photographic and satellite image interpretation work, these multispectral images do not make it easy to identify directly the feature type by visual inspection. Hence the remote sensing data has to be classified first, followed by processing by various data enhancement techniques so as to help the user to understand the features that are present in the image. - Such classification is a complex task which involves rigorous validation of the training samples depending on the classification algorithm used. The techniques can be grouped mainly into two types. - Supervised classification makes use of training samples. Training samples are areas on the ground for which there is ground truth, that is, what is there is known. The spectral signatures of the training areas are used to search for similar signatures in the remaining pixels of the image, and we will classify accordingly. This use of training samples for classification is called supervised classification. Expert knowledge is very important in this method since the selection of the training samples and a biased selection can badly affect the accuracy of classification. Popular techniques include the maximum likelihood principle and convolutional neural network. The Maximum likelihood principle calculates the probability of a pixel belonging to a class (i.e. feature) and allots the pixel to its most probable class. Newer convolutional neural network based methods [20] account for both spatial proximity and entire spectra to determine the most likely class. - In case of unsupervised classification no prior knowledge is required for classifying the features of the image. The natural clustering or grouping of the pixel values, i.e. the gray levels of the pixels, are observed. Then a threshold is defined for adopting the number of classes in the image. The finer the threshold value, the more classes there will be. However, beyond a certain limit the same class will be represented in different classes in the sense that variation in the class is represented. After forming the clusters, ground truth validation is done to identify the class the image pixel belongs to. Thus in this unsupervised classification apriori information about the classes is not required. One of the popular methods in unsupervised classification is k-means clustering. -",2023-08-26 17:43:23 -Kings Mountain Historical Museum - Wikipedia,"The Kings Mountain Historical Museum is a local history museum at 100 East Mountain in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. It is located in the former United States Post Office building, a handsome Colonial Revival structure built in 1940 with funding from a Depression-era works program. The building was used as a post office until 1986. The city acquired the building in 2000, and leased it to the local historical society, which has used it as a museum since.[2] - The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.[1] - - This article about a property in Cleveland County, North Carolina on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:43:27 -Francesco Antonio Bufalini - Wikipedia,"Francesco Antonio Bufalini was a draftsman, copper plate engraver and architect from the circle of Carlo Fontana, working in Rome and Urbino. From 1688 to 1707 he is documented as a member of the Accademia dei Virtuosi al Pantheon and as an architect sottomaestro delle strade, whose duties encompassed those of surveyor, engineer, conservator and planning officer in Rome. - A recent discovery in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, of two rare and uncatalogued preparatory drawings for prints attributed to Bufalini, provide insight into the ""calco"" technique of transferring images onto plates to be etched or engraved. The drawings were treated with an oil and resin mixture, then placed face down onto a sheet of copy paper coated in chalk covering the plate. The design was then gone over with a stylus, transferring the image to be etched. Because of their use as working tools in an invasive print process, the survival of such drawings is a rarity. Bufalini's surviving preparatory drawings, c. 1683, are views of the exterior and a longitudinal section of St Peter's Basilica in Rome.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:43:30 -2005–06 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup - Wikipedia,"2005–06 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup was the twelfth season of the Bosnia and Herzegovina's annual football cup, and a sixth season of the unified competition. The competition started on 21 September 2005 with the first round and concluded on 3 May 2006 with the final. - Thirty-two teams entered in the first round. The matches were played on 21 September, 4 and 11 October 2005. - The 16 winners from the prior round enter this round. The first legs were played on 19 October and the second legs were played on 26 October 2005. - The eight winners from the prior round enter this round. The first legs were played on 9 November and the second legs were played on 16 November 2005. - The four winners from the prior round enter this round. The first legs will be played on 29 March and the second legs were played on 12 April 2006. - Orašje won 3–0 on aggregate. -",2023-08-26 17:43:34 -Christopher Wren the Younger - Wikipedia," -Christopher Wren (1675–1747), of Wroxall Abbey, Warwickshire was a Member of Parliament and the son of the architect Sir Christopher Wren.[1] - Wren was the second but first surviving son of Sir Christopher Wren and his first wife, Faith Coghill, daughter of Sir John Coghill of Bletchingdon in Oxfordshire. He was educated at Eton and Pembroke College, Cambridge, Cambridge, where his father had built the new college chapel, his first completed work. His son entered the college in 1691, but left without a degree. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1693.[2] He entered the Middle Temple in 1694. In 1698/9 he travelled in Europe making an architectural tour of France, Italy and Holland with Edward Strong the Younger whose father was his father's main building contractor. This trip may indicate a friendship over and above a simple working relationship.[3] - On his return, Wren worked for his father as a clerk-of-works. He became Chief Clerk of Works in 1702 (to 1716). In 1708, he laid the last stone of the lantern which surmounts the dome of St Paul's Cathedral in the presence of his father. In 1711 he was appointed a Commissioner to organise the building of 50 new churches.[1] - He represented Windsor in Parliament from 1713 to 1715. Re-elected in 1715 he lost his seat on petition. He also lost his post as Clerk of Works in 1716 and thereafter retired to live as a country squire at the Wroxall Abbey estate in Warwickshire that had been acquired by his father in 1713.[1] - Wren collected documents about the life of his father, which were later published after his own death as the Parentalia by his son Stephen in 1750. His portrait, engraved by Faber, forms the frontispiece of the Parentalia. Two letters written to him by Sir Christopher while he was quite a youth, were printed in Miss Phillimore's Life (pp. 282, 302), that show their relationship was of an affectionate character. The younger Christopher was also a numismatist of some repute (Hearne, Collections, ed. Doble, ii. 264), and he published Numismatum Antiquorum Sylloge (London, 4to) in 1708. - Wren died in London on 24 August 1747.[4] His first wife was Mary, daughter of Philip Musard, jeweler of Queen Anne. His second wife, Constance, daughter of Sir Thomas Middleton, and widow of Sir Roger Burgoyne, Bt., died on 23 May 1734.[5] He left two surviving sons, Christopher (born 1710), who inherited Wroxall Abbey, and Stephen (born 1722).[6] -  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: ""Wren, Christopher (1632-1723)"". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. -",2023-08-26 17:43:38 -Department of External Territories (1968–1973) - Wikipedia," - The Department of External Territories was an Australian government department that existed between February 1968 and November 1973. It was the second Australian Government department to be given the name. - The Department of External Territories was established by the Gorton government in 1968, formed from the portions of the old Department of Territories (I) that dealt with Papua New Guinea and Australia's smaller external territories and hiving off the portions of the department that dealt with Northern Territory.[2] - According to the Administrative Arrangements Order made on 20 December 1972, the department dealt with matters related to the Territory of Papua, the Territory of New Guinea, the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands and the Territory of Christmas Island.[3] - The department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for External Territories.[1] - - This Australian government-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:43:42 -RS-122 - Wikipedia,"The RS-122 is a Georgian mobile multiple rocket launcher firing 122 mm rockets. It was developed in 2011 and put on production display in February 2012. The RS-122 is a heavily modified version of the Soviet BM-21 Grad. Its main characteristics are the armoured crew cabin (using elements from MRAP and BAE Caiman), improved firing, operational range and accuracy. The vehicle was developed by the state-owned Scientific Technical Centre Delta.[1][2] - The rocket launcher is designed to defeat personnel, armored targets, artillery batteries, command posts and fortifications. -The RS-122 is capable of control fire without the preliminary preparation of a position and exposed crew action, thus minimizing the salvo time and maximizing unit protection. - The vehicle's armoured crew cabin provides protection for its five-man crew in accordance to STANAG 4569 level 2 against shell splinter and fragments. - The RS-122 is based on an armored KrAZ-63221 chassis and has an operational range of 500 km (310 mi).[3] -",2023-08-26 17:43:45 -1969 in aviation - Wikipedia,"This is a list of aviation-related events from 1969. - The deadliest crash of this year was Viasa Flight 742, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 which crashed shortly after takeoff from Maracaibo, Venezuela on 16 March, killing all 84 people on board, as well as 71 on the ground. This was the deadliest civil accident in the 1960s decade, and was at the time the world's deadliest civil aviation disaster. -",2023-08-26 17:43:49 -Tali Sharot - Wikipedia,"Tali Sharot is an Israeli/British/American neuroscientist and professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London and MIT. Sharot began studying at Tel Aviv University, receiving a B.A. in economics in 1999, and an M.A. in psychology from New York University in 2002. She received her Ph.D in psychology and neuroscience from New York University.[1] Sharot is known for her research on the neural basis of emotion, decision making and optimism.[2] Sharot hopes to better understand these processes to enhance overall well-being.[3] - Tali Sharot grew up in Israel with an English father and an Israeli mother. In school, she was taught in Hebrew, but spoke both English and Hebrew at home. After attending Tel Aviv University, she attended New York University to pursue her master's degree and PhD in psychology.[4] While in New York, Sharot witnessed the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. Sharot decided to focus her research on how emotion affects memory. A few years after the attacks, she and fellow researchers interviewed 22 New Yorkers who had been present on the island of Manhattan during the event.[5] - Sharot is especially known for her discovery of the neural underpinnings of human optimism,[6] work that has been published in numerous eminent journals.[7][8] In her books The Optimism Bias[9] and The Science of Optimism, she describes the evolutionary benefits of unrealistic optimism along with its dangers.[10] Richard Stengel has written in a Time editorial that Sharot's work gives us a better grip on how we function in reality.[11] The implications of Sharot's discoveries for health,[12] finance,[13] cyber security,[14] policy and more have been extensively covered by the media and she is often featured on radio,[15][16] TV[17][18][19] and in the written press.[2][20][12] In 2017 her book The Influential Mind: What the Brain Reveals About Our Power to Change Others was published highlighting the critical role of emotion in influence and the weakness of data.[21] It was selected as a Best Book of 2017 by Forbes, The Times UK, The Huffington Post, Bloomberg, Greater Good Magazine, Inc., Stanford Business School among others.[22] Sharot was one of the presenters on the Dara Ó Briain's Science Club, who also introduced her on stage at The Royal Albert Hall's Imagining the future of Medicine in 2014.[23] She was a speaker at TED2012.[24] - Directed by Tali Sharot, the Affective Brain Lab is a neuroscience and psychology based lab that studies the experience of emotion on normal cognitive function and its causative effects in regards to common mental disorders. The lab combines neural imaging techniques, pharmacological manipulation, and genetic principles to perform experiments on human behavior and neurological mechanisms.[25] Real world application of this lab's research aims to combat the detrimental effects of brain dysfunction.[26] - Sharot received prestigious fellowships from the Wellcome Trust, the Forum of European Philosophy and the British Academy. She won the British Psychological Society Book award for 2014 (for The Optimism Bias) and 2018 (for The Influential Mind).[27][28] She has been described as ""one of the top female scientists in her country""[1] listed as one of the 15 exemplary female Israeli-born scientists alive.[29] Her two TED talks have been viewed a total of 15 million times.[30][31] - Hope isn’t rational, so why are humans wired for it?[32]",2023-08-26 17:43:52 -Begga - Wikipedia,"Saint Begga (also Begue, Beghe, Begge) (b. 613 – d. 17 December 693 AD) was the daughter of Pepin of Landen, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, and his wife Itta of Metz. She is also the grandmother of Charles Martel, who is the grandfather of Charlemagne. - The daughter of Pepin of Landen and his wife, Itta, Begga was the older sister of St Gertrude of Nivelles.[2] She married Ansegisel, son of Arnulf, Bishop of Metz, and had three children: Pepin of Heristal, Martin of Laon, and Clotilda of Heristal, who married Theuderic III of the Franks.[3] Ansegisel was killed sometime before 679, slain in a feud by his enemy Gundewin. Begga made a pilgrimage to Rome and upon her return, she took the veil, she had seven churches built at Andenne on the Meuse.[4] There she spent the rest of her days as abbess. She was buried in Saint Begga's Collegiate Church in Andenne. - She is commemorated on 17 December. - Some hold that the Beguine movement which came to light in the 12th century was actually founded by St Begga; and the church in the beguinage of Lier, Belgium, has a statue of St Begga standing above the inscription: St. Begga, our foundress. The Lier beguinage dates from the 13th century. - Another popular theory, however, claims that the Beguines derived their name from that of the priest Lambert le Bègue, under whose protection the witness and ministry of the Beguines flourished.[5][6] -",2023-08-26 17:43:56 -1900 Puerto Rican general election - Wikipedia," -General elections were held in Puerto Rico in 1900. Federico Degetau was elected Resident Commissioner.[1] - This Puerto Rico–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:44:00 -Shelley Berkley - Wikipedia,"Rochelle ""Shelley"" Berkley (née Levine; born January 20, 1951) is an American businesswoman, politician and attorney who served as the U.S. Representative for Nevada's 1st congressional district from 1999 to 2013. In 2012, she was the unsuccessful Democratic Party nominee for the U.S. Senate.[1] She is a member of the Democratic Party,[1] and is currently running in the upcoming 2024 Las Vegas Mayoral Election.[2] - Berkley was born Rochelle Levine in New York City, the daughter of Estelle (née Colonomos – see Kalonymus) and George Levine. Her paternal grandparents were Russian Jews and her mother's family were Sephardic Jews from Ottoman-era Thessaloniki, now in Macedonia, northern Greece.[3] - Berkley moved with her family to Nevada when she was a junior high school student, attending Fremont Junior High. After completing high school, she became the first member of her family to attend college when she enrolled as an undergraduate at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.[1] She became a member of Delta Zeta sorority. Elected student body president of the Consolidated Students of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas her senior year, Shelley graduated with honors in 1972, earning a B.A. in political science.[1] - After obtaining her J.D. degree in 1976 from the University of San Diego School of Law, Shelley returned to Las Vegas and began her professional career.[1] Berkley practiced law for several years, mainly as a member of the legal counsel for several Las Vegas casinos. She also served as the national director for the American Hotel-Motel Association. - Berkley served in the Nevada Assembly from 1982 to 1984 and was involved in civic affairs locally.[4] She also served on the Nevada University and Community College System Board of Regents from 1990 to 1998, and was appointed vice chair.[1][5] - In 1996, U.S. Congressman John Ensign won re-election in Nevada's 1st congressional district with 50.1% of the vote, a 6.6% margin over Bob Coffin, the Democratic candidate.[6] The day after, Berkley filed papers to run in the district. She raised $206,000 in the first six months and $410,000 in the next six months. Berkley was Democrats' dream candidate,[7] as she easily won the primary with 81.5% of the vote.[8] Ensign decided to retire in order to run against U.S. Senator Harry Reid in the very close and competitive 1998 senate election. In the general election, she defeated Republican Don Chairez, a District Court Judge in Clark County[9] with 49.2% of the vote.[10] - In 2000, she won re-election with 51.7% against State Senator Jon Porter.[11] In 2002, she defeated Republican Las Vegas City Councilwoman Lynette Boggs with 53.7%.[12] - Congresswoman Berkley represented Nevada's 1st congressional district from 1999 to 2013, serving seven terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.[1] The district includes most of the city of Las Vegas as well as the Las Vegas Strip and the city of North Las Vegas. She is the second woman elected to Congress from Nevada, the first woman elected to the 1st district and the first elected as a Democrat. - Berkley is a member of the New Democrat Coalition.[5] She views her top priorities as affordable health care coverage for all Americans, veteran's rights and alternative energy.[13] Berkley is also strongly opposed to the building of a nuclear waste repository in Yucca Mountain, Nevada.[14] - In 2011, Berkley voted for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 as part of a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.[15] - On September 5, 2011, a New York Times exposé detailed the actions that Berkley took as a member of Congress that she and her husband financially benefited from.[16] The Times noted that, ""Ms. Berkley's actions were among a series over the last five years in which she pushed legislation or twisted the arms of federal regulators to pursue an agenda that is aligned with the business interests of her husband, Dr. Larry Lehrner."" - On September 19, 2011, the ethics watchdog Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) released their annual Most Corrupt Members of Congress report.[17] The report listed Berkley in the ""Dishonorable Mention"" category.[18][19] Berkley was named in CREW's Most Corrupt Members of Congress report for the second year in a row in 2012.[20] - On July 9, 2012, the United States House Committee on Ethics voted unanimously to form an investigative subcommittee to see whether Berkley used her official position to advocate for policy that benefited her family's financial situation.[21] More specifically, Berkley is accused of pushing healthcare legislation that would benefit her husband's medical practice. Berkley was also blamed for her efforts to block the closure of a kidney transplant center where her husband was employed.[22] - In 1996 and 1997, while working as a government affairs adviser for Las Vegas Sands, during the construction of The Venetian Berkley advised her employer to make campaign contributions to two Clark County Commissioners and two Clark County judges to secure their approval for the new hotel.[23] Berkley also suggested to her employer, the option of hiring an uncle of County Commissioner Erin Kenny and to grant a daiquiri concession to commission chairwoman Yvonne Atkinson Gates.[23] Berkley also advised making campaign contributions to the two judges because they ""tend to help those who helped them.""[24] - Berkley announced in June 2012 that she would turn over all $11,900 in campaign contributions from indicted lobbyist Harvery Whittemore to the U.S. Treasury. Whittemore was charged with violating campaign finance laws and misleading law enforcement. Before pledging to give up the contributions from Whittemore, Berkley said that she was holding his contributions in escrow while awaiting the outcome of the investigation against him.[25] - As of July 2012, Berkley had raised $4 million in contributions for her campaign to unseat Senator Dean Heller. Heller had raised $4.4 million.[26] - As a 6th term congresswoman Berkley was endorsed by a number of interest groups. The themes of some groups endorsing Berkley included education, environmental protections, and gender equality in politics. Berkley received endorsements from groups such as The National Education Association, The Sierra Club and The National Women's Political Caucus.[27] - Berkley has been given various scores from a variety of interest groups. These groups include topics ranging from abortion issues, agriculture, criminal issues, animal rights, budget and taxes and foreign aid. NARAL Pro-Choice America gave Berkley a 100% in 2010, while the National Right to Life Committee gave her a 0% rating.[28][29] - The American Farm Bureau Federation gave Berkley a 33% rating in 2010 the topic of agriculture, while the National Farm Workers Union gave Berkley a 100% rating. Other interest groups Berkley has received High ratings from Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants, and Defenders of Wildlife Fund. Groups that Berkley has received poor ratings from include the National Taxpayers Union and Peace Action.[30] - On June 26, 2009, Berkley voted for the American Clean Energy and Security Act, which would have implemented a cap-and-trade system similar to the regulations proposed by the Reagan administration[31] in the 1980s, then known as ""emissions trading.""[32] - Berkley voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.[33][34][35] - Berkley is a supporter of Israel and is a member of the pro-Israel group American Israel Public Affairs Committee.[36] - On October 10, 2002, Berkley was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq.[37] - On October 3, 2008, Berkley voted for the controversial Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which created the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) that bailed out Wall Street banks.[38][39] - Berkley announced that she would run for the United States Senate in April 2011 to succeed John Ensign, who resigned amidst an ethics scandal.[40] She secured the Democratic nomination in the June primary and faced incumbent Senator Dean Heller in the November elections.[41] -She narrowly lost the election.[42] - In March 1999, Berkley married Dr. Lawrence Lehrner, a practicing nephrologist in Las Vegas.[43] Both Berkley and Lehrner have two children from prior marriages.[43] - Lehrner seldom campaigns with his wife. Berkley says about her husband, ""He works about 12 hours a day, seven days a week. I call him a doctor's doctor."" Lehrner's medical practice has received attention during the campaign due to the House Ethics Committee's investigation into Berkley's efforts to save a kidney transplant center in which her husband has a financial interest. Laura Meyers of the Las Vegas Review-Journal wrote, ""Having Lehrner on the campaign trail with Berkley could remind voters of the ethics investigation—expose him to uncomfortable questions.""[44] - In 2014, Former U.S. Rep. Shelley Berkley was hired as CEO and senior provost of the Touro College and University System in Nevada and California, later being promoted to Senior Vice President of the University. [45] She retired from that position in 2023 after declaring her candidacy in the 2024 Las Vegas Mayoral Election.[46] -",2023-08-26 17:44:04 -Lactarius pallescens - Wikipedia," - Lactarius pallescens is a Western North American ""milk-cap"" mushroom, of which the milk turns violet when the flesh is damaged. The fungi generally identified as L. pallescens are part of a complex of closely related species and varieties which have a peppery taste and are difficult to delimit definitively.[1] - The gray-brown cap ranges from 3 to 10 cm in width, with a mucilaginous surface,[2] whitish flesh and white latex. The gills are whitish and sometimes slightly decurrent.[2] The viscid stalk ranges from 3 to 8 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide. The spores are pale yellow to orange, elliptical, and bumpy. The flesh of the mushroom stains lilac.[3] In age, reddish stains develop.[2] - Lactarius pallescens is found on the West Coast of the United States. In the Pacific Northwest, it can be found in conifer forests.[2] - Lactarius uvidus (a close relative)[3][2] and Lactarius californiensis are similar. -",2023-08-26 17:44:08 -Cascading failure - Wikipedia,"A cascading failure is a failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of one or few parts leads to the failure of other parts, growing progressively as a result of positive feedback. This can occur when a single part fails, increasing the probability that other portions of the system fail.[1][2] Such a failure may happen in many types of systems, including power transmission, computer networking, finance, transportation systems, organisms, the human body, and ecosystems. - Cascading failures may occur when one part of the system fails. When this happens, other parts must then compensate for the failed component. This in turn overloads these nodes, causing them to fail as well, prompting additional nodes to fail one after another. - Cascading failure is common in power grids when one of the elements fails (completely or partially) and shifts its load to nearby elements in the system. Those nearby elements are then pushed beyond their capacity so they become overloaded and shift their load onto other elements. Cascading failure is a common effect seen in high voltage systems, where a single point of failure (SPF) on a fully loaded or slightly overloaded system results in a sudden spike across all nodes of the system. This surge current can induce the already overloaded nodes into failure, setting off more overloads and thereby taking down the entire system in a very short time. - This failure process cascades through the elements of the system like a ripple on a pond and continues until substantially all of the elements in the system are compromised and/or the system becomes functionally disconnected from the source of its load. For example, under certain conditions a large power grid can collapse after the failure of a single transformer. - Monitoring the operation of a system, in real-time, and judicious disconnection of parts can help stop a cascade. Another common technique is to calculate a safety margin for the system by computer simulation of possible failures, to establish safe operating levels below which none of the calculated scenarios is predicted to cause cascading failure, and to identify the parts of the network which are most likely to cause cascading failures.[3] - One of the primary problems with preventing electrical grid failures is that the speed of the control signal is no faster than the speed of the propagating power overload, i.e. since both the control signal and the electrical power are moving at the same speed, it is not possible to isolate the outage by sending a warning ahead to isolate the element. - Cascading failure caused the following power outages: - Cascading failures can also occur in computer networks (such as the Internet) in which network traffic is severely impaired or halted to or between larger sections of the network, caused by failing or disconnected hardware or software. In this context, the cascading failure is known by the term cascade failure. A cascade failure can affect large groups of people and systems. - The cause of a cascade failure is usually the overloading of a single, crucial router or node, which causes the node to go down, even briefly. It can also be caused by taking a node down for maintenance or upgrades. In either case, traffic is routed to or through another (alternative) path. This alternative path, as a result, becomes overloaded, causing it to go down, and so on. It will also affect systems which depend on the node for regular operation. - The symptoms of a cascade failure include: packet loss and high network latency, not just to single systems, but to whole sections of a network or the internet. The high latency and packet loss is caused by the nodes that fail to operate due to congestion collapse, which causes them to still be present in the network but without much or any useful communication going through them. As a result, routes can still be considered valid, without them actually providing communication. - If enough routes go down because of a cascade failure, a complete section of the network or internet can become unreachable. Although undesired, this can help speed up the recovery from this failure as connections will time out, and other nodes will give up trying to establish connections to the section(s) that have become cut off, decreasing load on the involved nodes. - A common occurrence during a cascade failure is a walking failure, where sections go down, causing the next section to fail, after which the first section comes back up. This ripple can make several passes through the same sections or connecting nodes before stability is restored. - Cascade failures are a relatively recent development, with the massive increase in traffic and the high interconnectivity between systems and networks. The term was first applied in this context in the late 1990s by a Dutch IT professional and has slowly become a relatively common term for this kind of large-scale failure.[citation needed] - Network failures typically start when a single network node fails. Initially, the traffic that would normally go through the node is stopped. Systems and users get errors about not being able to reach hosts. Usually, the redundant systems of an ISP respond very quickly, choosing another path through a different backbone. The routing path through this alternative route is longer, with more hops and subsequently going through more systems that normally do not process the amount of traffic suddenly offered. - This can cause one or more systems along the alternative route to go down, creating similar problems of their own. - Related systems are also affected in this case. As an example, DNS resolution might fail and what would normally cause systems to be interconnected, might break connections that are not even directly involved in the actual systems that went down. This, in turn, may cause seemingly unrelated nodes to develop problems, that can cause another cascade failure all on its own. - In December 2012, a partial loss (40%) of Gmail service occurred globally, for 18 minutes. This loss of service was caused by a routine update of load balancing software which contained faulty logic—in this case, the error was caused by logic using an inappropriate 'all' instead of the more appropriate 'some'.[4] The cascading error was fixed by fully updating a single node in the network instead of partially updating all nodes at one time. - Certain load-bearing structures with discrete structural components can be subject to the ""zipper effect"", where the failure of a single structural member increases the load on adjacent members. In the case of the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse, a suspended walkway (which was already overstressed due to an error in construction) failed when a single vertical suspension rod failed, overloading the neighboring rods which failed sequentially (i.e. like a zipper). A bridge that can have such a failure is called fracture critical, and numerous bridge collapses have been caused by the failure of a single part. Properly designed structures use an adequate factor of safety and/or alternate load paths to prevent this type of mechanical cascade failure.[5] - Fracture cascade is a phenomenon in the context of geology and describes triggering a chain reaction of subsequent fractures by a single fracture.[6] The initial fracture leads to the propagation of additional fractures, causing a cascading effect throughout the material. - Fracture cascades can occur in various materials, including rocks, ice, metals, and ceramics.[7] A common example is the bending of dry spaghetti, which in most cases breaks into more than 2 pieces, as first observed by Richard Feynman.[7] - In the context of osteoporosis, a fracture cascade is the increased risk of subsequent bone fractures after an initial one.[8] - Biochemical cascades exist in biology, where a small reaction can have system-wide implications. One negative example is ischemic cascade, in which a small ischemic attack releases toxins which kill off far more cells than the initial damage, resulting in more toxins being released. Current research is to find a way to block this cascade in stroke patients to minimize the damage. - In the study of extinction, sometimes the extinction of one species will cause many other extinctions to happen. Such a species is known as a keystone species. - Another example is the Cockcroft–Walton generator, which can also experience cascade failures wherein one failed diode can result in all the diodes failing in a fraction of a second. - Yet another example of this effect in a scientific experiment was the implosion in 2001 of several thousand fragile glass photomultiplier tubes used in the Super-Kamiokande experiment, where the shock wave caused by the failure of a single detector appears to have triggered the implosion of the other detectors in a chain reaction. - In finance, the risk of cascading failures of financial institutions is referred to as systemic risk: the failure of one financial institution may cause other financial institutions (its counterparties) to fail, cascading throughout the system. Institutions that are believed to pose systemic risk are deemed either ""too big to fail"" (TBTF) or ""too interconnected to fail"" (TICTF), depending on why they appear to pose a threat. - Note however that systemic risk is not due to individual institutions per se, but due to the interconnections. Frameworks to study and predict the effects of cascading failures have been developed in the research literature.[9][10][11] - A related (though distinct) type of cascading failure in finance occurs in the stock market, exemplified by the 2010 Flash Crash.[11] - Diverse infrastructures such as water supply, transportation, fuel and power stations are coupled together and depend on each other for functioning, see Fig. 1. Owing to this coupling, interdependent networks are extremely sensitive to random failures, and in particular to targeted attacks, such that a failure of a small fraction of nodes in one network can trigger an iterative cascade of failures in several interdependent networks.[12][13] Electrical blackouts frequently result from a cascade of failures between interdependent networks, and the problem has been dramatically exemplified by the several large-scale blackouts that have occurred in recent years. Blackouts are a fascinating demonstration of the important role played by the dependencies between networks. For example, the 2003 Italy blackout resulted in a widespread failure of the railway network, health care systems, and financial services and, in addition, severely influenced the telecommunication networks. The partial failure of the communication system in turn further impaired the electrical grid management system, thus producing a positive feedback on the power grid.[14] This example emphasizes how inter-dependence can significantly magnify the damage in an interacting network system. - A model for cascading failures due to overload propagation is the Motter–Lai model.[15] -",2023-08-26 17:44:12 -The Tales of Beedle the Bard - Wikipedia," - The Tales of Beedle the Bard is a book of fairy tales by author J. K. Rowling. There is a storybook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the final novel of the Harry Potter series.[2] - The book was originally produced in a limited edition of only seven copies, each handwritten and illustrated by J. K. Rowling.[3] One of them was offered for auction through Sotheby's in late 2007 and was expected to sell for £50,000 (US$77,000, €69,000); ultimately it was bought for £1.95 million ($3 million, €2.7 million) by Amazon, making the selling price the highest achieved at auction for a modern literary manuscript.[4][5] The money earned at the auction of the book was donated to The Children's Voice charity campaign.[6] - The book was published for the general public on 4 December 2008, with the proceeds going to the Children's High Level Group (renamed Lumos in 2010).[7][8][9] - The Tales of Beedle the Bard first appeared as a fictional book in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007), the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. The book is bequeathed to Hermione Granger by Albus Dumbledore, former headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It is described as a popular collection of wizarding children's fairy tales, so that while Ron Weasley is familiar with the stories, Harry Potter and Hermione had not previously heard of them due to their non-magical upbringing.[2] - The book Hermione receives in Dumbledore's will is a copy of the original edition of the fictional book.[10] It is described as an ancient-looking small book with its binding ""stained and peeling in places"". In the novel it is also said the book has a title on its cover, written in embossed runic symbols.[2] - The book acts as the vehicle for introducing the Deathly Hallows to the trio.[6] Above the story ""The Tale of the Three Brothers"", Hermione finds a strange symbol which later is revealed by Xenophilius Lovegood to be the symbol of the Hallows. The triangle from the symbol represents the Cloak of Invisibility, the circle inside the triangle symbolises the Resurrection Stone, and the vertical line represents the Elder Wand.[10] - These three objects are also mentioned in the story itself, and are said to belong to the Peverell brothers,[10] who are later revealed as being both Lord Voldemort's and Harry's ancestors.[11] Towards the end of the novel, Dumbledore also confirms Harry's connection to the Peverells, and states that the three brothers might in fact have been the creators of the Hallows.[12] - The introduction (written by Rowling) to the publications released in December 2008 mentions that the fictional character Beedle the Bard was born in Yorkshire, lived in the fifteenth century, and had ""an exceptionally luxuriant beard"".[13][14] - Rowling started writing the book soon after finishing work on the seventh Harry Potter novel.[15] During an interview with her fandom she also stated that she used other books as a source of inspiration for the tales. More specifically, ""The Tale of the Three Brothers"", the only story included entirely in The Deathly Hallows,[10] was inspired by Geoffrey Chaucer's ""The Pardoner's Tale"" from The Canterbury Tales.[16] - Originally The Tales of Beedle the Bard had only been produced in a limited number of seven handmade copies, all handwritten and illustrated by the author herself.[1] The books were bound in brown morocco leather, and decorated with hand-chased silver ornaments and mounted semiprecious stones by silversmith and jeweller Hamilton & Inches of Edinburgh.[17] Each of the silver pieces represents one of the five stories in the book.[18] Rowling also asked that each of the seven copies be embellished using a different semiprecious stone.[19] - Six of these original handwritten copies were uniquely dedicated and given by Rowling to six people who were most involved with the Harry Potter series.[19] The recipients of these copies were not initially identified. Since then, two of these people have been named. One is Barry Cunningham,[20] Rowling's very first editor. Another is Arthur A. Levine,[21] editor for Scholastic, the U.S. publisher of the Harry Potter books. Cunningham and Levine had lent their personal copies as part of Beedle the Bard exhibits in December 2008.[20][21] - Rowling also decided to create a seventh handwritten copy (distinguished from the others by its moonstone jewelling) to sell at auction in order to raise funds for The Children's Voice charity campaign. - The idea came really because I wanted to thank six key people who have been very closely connected to the 'Harry Potter' series, and these were people for whom a piece of jewellery wasn't going to cut it. So I had the idea of writing them a book, a handwritten and illustrated book, just for these six people. And well, if I'm doing six I really have to do seven, and the seventh book will be for this cause, which is so close to my heart. The 157-page[1] ""Moonstone edition""[19] of the book was first put on display prior to bidding on 26 November in New York and on 9 December in London.[23] The book was auctioned 13 December 2007, at Sotheby's in London. The starting price was £30,000 ($62,000, €46,000), and originally it was expected to sell for approximately £50,000 ($103,000, €80,000).[24] The closing bid far exceeded all prior projections, as ultimately the book was purchased by a representative from London fine art dealers Hazlitt Gooden and Fox on behalf of Amazon, for a total of £1.95 million ($3.98 million, €2.28 million). This was the highest purchase price for a modern literary manuscript at that date.[4][5] The money earned at auction later was donated by Rowling to The Children's Voice charity campaign.[6] - Sotheby's printed a forty-eight-page promotional catalogue for the auction.[25] The catalogue featured illustrations from the book, as well as comments from J. K. Rowling on The Tales of Beedle the Bard. The catalogue was sold as a collector's item, and the money from that sale also has been donated to The Children's Voice.[26] - Cunningham's copy of the book was put up for auction in November 2016. It was auctioned for £368,750 on 12 December 2016. The book was auctioned by Sotheby's in London. The book is a leather bound manuscript decorated with rhodochrosite gemstones, and a silver skull. This copy features an author's note addressed to Cunningham which reads ""To Barry, the man who thought an overlong novel about a boy wizard in glasses might just sell … THANK YOU."" She has also added a note describing the gemstones as being ""traditionally associated with love, balance and joy in daily life"".[27] - On 31 July 2008, it was announced The Tales of Beedle the Bard would also be made available for the public, in both standard and collector's editions. The book was published by Children's High Level Group and printed and distributed by Bloomsbury, Scholastic, and Amazon.com.[28] The decision was taken due to disappointment among Harry Potter fans after it had initially been announced a wide public release was not intended.[9][29] - Similarly to Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and Quidditch Through the Ages (two other books mentioned in the Harry Potter novels that have also been printed) the standard and collector's editions of The Tales of Beedle the Bard feature commentary and footnotes from Albus Dumbledore, headmaster of Hogwarts and one of the main characters of the series. The standard edition also includes illustrations reproduced from the handwritten edition auctioned in December 2007 and the introduction by the author. The limited collector's edition features ten illustrations by J.K. Rowling not included in the standard edition or the original handcrafted edition, as well as an exclusive reproduction of J.K. Rowling's handwritten introduction, and other miscellaneous objects such as replica gemstones and an emerald ribbon.[13][14] - The book, released on 4 December 2008, was published in the United Kingdom and Canada by Bloomsbury, while the US edition was published by Scholastic, and the limited collector's edition of the book, available in all three countries, by Amazon. The limited edition retailed for £50 ($100, €100), and around 100,000 copies have been printed. The book has been translated into 28 languages.[30] Profits from the sale of the book were offered to the Children's High Level Group.[7] Initial sale estimates were roughly £4 million ($7.6 million, €4.7 million);[7] as of January 2010 an estimated £11 million ($17 million, €13 million) were generated from sales for the charity.[citation needed] - Rowling wrote five stories for the book. One, ""The Warlock's Hairy Heart"", is not mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows;[19] three others, ""The Wizard and the Hopping Pot"", ""The Fountain of Fair Fortune"", and ""Babbitty Rabbitty and her Cackling Stump"", receive cursory attention.[2] ""The Tale of the Three Brothers"" is the only story which is included entirely in The Deathly Hallows.[10] - This story is about the legacy of an old man who, in his generosity, used his magic for other people when they needed his help; he credited his potions pot as the source of his antidotes. Upon his death, he leaves all his belongings to his only son, who has none of the virtues his father had. After his father's death, the son finds the pot and a single slipper inside it together with a note from his father that reads, ""In the fond hope, my son, that you will never need it"". - Bitter for having nothing left but a pot, the son closes the door on every person who asks for his help. He does not help over five people, so each time he does so, the pot takes on the symptoms of the ones who ask for help; it starts disturbing the son and prevents him from having any peace of mind. This continues until the son finally gives up and provides aid to the town. Upon doing this, the pot's ailments are removed one by one and the son's ordeal finally ends when the slipper he received from his father falls out of the pot; he puts the slipper on the pot's foot and the two walk off into the sunset. - In this story, there is a fountain where once per year, one person may bathe and have their problems answered. Three witches—Asha, who suffers from an incurable disease; Altheda, who was robbed of her wand and wealth; and Amata, who is distraught after being left by her beloved—decide to try to reach the fountain together but along the way, a luckless Muggle knight, Sir Luckless, also joins them. - On their path to the fountain, they face three challenges: a giant worm that demands ""proof of [their] pain"", which quenches its thirst with the tears Asha sheds from frustration after several failed attempts; a steep slope where they have to bring the ""fruit of their labours"", which Altheda encourages the others to overcome with her with her hard-earned effort and the sweat of her brow; and a river that requires them to pay for crossing it with ""the treasure of [their] past"", which Amata uses as a Pensieve that washes away her regret for her cruel and false lover, thus removing her need of the fountain. After the four cross the river, however, Asha collapses from exhaustion; to save her, Altheda brews an invigorating potion that also cures Asha of her disease and need of the fountain, in turn causing Altheda to realise that her skills are a means to earn money without the fountain. - Sir Luckless bathes in the fountain, after which he flings himself at Amata's feet and asks for ""her hand and her heart"", which she happily gives. Everyone gets an answer to his or her problem, unaware that the fountain holds no magical power at all. - The story is about a young and handsome warlock who decides to never fall in love, so he uses Dark Arts to prevent himself from doing so. His family, hoping he will change, does nothing. However, one day, he hears two servants whispering about him not having a wife, so he decides to find a talented, rich, and beautiful witch and marry her to gain everyone's envy. - By coincidence, he meets that girl the next day. Though the girl is both ""fascinated and repelled"", the warlock persuades her to come to a dinner feast at his castle. During the feast, she tells him that she needs to know he has a heart. The warlock shows her his beating heart, now covered in hair, inside a crystal casket in his dungeon. The witch begs him to put it back inside himself, after which she embraces him. However, being disconnected from its body for so long, his heart has developed savage tastes as it has degenerated into an animalistic state. And so he is driven to take by force a truly human heart, tearing out the witch's to replace his own; but upon finding that he cannot magic the hairy heart back out of his chest, he cuts it out with a dagger. Thus he and the maiden both die, with him holding both hearts in his hands. - This story is about a king who wants to keep all magic to himself. To do this he needs to solve two problems: he must capture and imprison all of the sorcerers in the kingdom and he has to learn magic. He creates a ""Brigade of Witch Hunters"" and calls for an instructor in magic. Only a ""cunning charlatan"" with no magical ability responds. The charlatan proves himself with a few simple tricks and begins to ask for jewellery and money to continue teaching. However, Babbitty, the king's washerwoman, laughs at the king one day as he attempts to do magic with an ordinary twig. This causes the king to demand the charlatan join him in a public demonstration of magic and warns that the charlatan will be beheaded if anyone laughs. The charlatan later witnesses Babbitty performing magic in her house. He threatens to expose her if she does not assist him. She agrees to hide and help the demonstration. - During the performance, the brigade captain asks the king to bring his dead hound back to life. Because Babbitty cannot use magic to raise the dead, the crowd thinks the previous acts were tricks. The charlatan exposes Babbitty, accusing her of blocking the spells. Babbitty flees into a forest and disappears at the base of an old tree. In desperation, the charlatan states that she has turned ""into a crab apple"" and has the tree cut down. - As the crowd departs, the stump starts cackling and makes the charlatan confess. The stump cackles again, demanding the king never hurt a wizard again, and build a statue of Babbitty on the stump to remind him of his foolishness. The king agrees and heads back to the palace. Afterwards, a ""stout old rabbit"" with a wand in its teeth hops out from a hole beneath the stump and leaves the kingdom. - The story is about three brothers who, while traveling together, reach a treacherous river. They make a magical bridge over the river wherein just as they cross, they meet the personification of Death, who is angry for losing three potential victims. He pretends to be impressed by them and grants each a gift as a reward, hoping to use each gift to bring about their eventual demises. The oldest brother asks for an unbeatable dueling wand, so Death gives him the Elder Wand. The middle brother asks for the ability to resurrect the dead to humiliate Death further, so Death gives him the Resurrection Stone. The youngest brother, a humbler man, does not trust Death and asks for a way to stop Death from following him, so Death reluctantly gives him his Cloak of Invisibility. Afterward, the brothers go their separate ways. - The oldest brother resolves a previous qualm by using the wand to kill the man with whom he quarreled, but his bragging about the wand's incredible power results in him getting robbed of it and murdered in his sleep, allowing Death to claim him. The middle brother resolves a previous loss by using the stone to bring back the woman to whom he wanted to be married, but she is revealed to be non-corporeal and full of sorrow for being back in the mortal world; in grief, he commits suicide, allowing Death to claim him. However, Death never manages to find the youngest brother, as he stays hidden under the invisibility cloak. Many years later, the brother removes his cloak and gives it to his son. Content with the life he has lived, he greets Death as an old friend and equal, thereby dying of natural causes. - The Tales of Beedle the Bard received generally positive critical reception. Sotheby's deputy director Philip W. Errington described the handmade edition as ""one of the most exciting pieces of children's literature"" to have passed through the auction house.[3] After buying the book, Amazon also released a review, describing it as ""an artifact pulled straight out of a novel"".[1] - The Times reviewed the published book favourably, calling the tales ""funny, sinister, wise and captivating"" and likening them to the tales collected by the Brothers Grimm.[31] The Telegraph reviewed it unfavourably, noting that they ""would be unremarkable were it not for the body of work that lies behind it"" and that there was ""an element of padding to make it a respectable length"".[32] - A live puppet show of The Fountain of Fair Fortune and The Tale of the Three Brothers is presented daily at the Diagon Alley expansion of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios Florida.[33] - Due to ""The Tale of the Three Brothers"" originally being in the novel Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the story was also adapted as an animated short in the novel's first film adaptation, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1. The sequence was directed by Ben Hibon and animated at Framestore; like in the novel, it is also narrated in-universe by Hermione Granger (Emma Watson).[34] - -",2023-08-26 17:44:15 -Paris Université Club (baseball) - Wikipedia,"The Paris Université Club plays baseball in Division Élite. They have been the most successful club in league history, sporting 22 titles. They won Bronze in the 1993 European Cup, the first French team to win a Medal in Cup history. They are a part of the omnisport club (PUC). - - This article about a French sports club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a baseball team in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:44:19 -Ariston (son of Sophocles) - Wikipedia,"Ariston (Ancient Greek: Ἀρίστων) was a son of the renowned playwright of ancient Greece, Sophocles, by Theoris, and brother to Iophon, who was also a playwright.[1] He lived some time in the mid 5th century BCE. - Ariston had a son whom he also named Sophocles, who is said to have produced a production of his grandfather's play Oedipus at Colonus in 401 BCE.[2] - Some scholars think he may also have been a writer, though there is not clear consensus on this. Whether he is the same as the Ariston who is called by Diogenes Laërtius a ""writer of tragedies"", one of whose tragedies was directed against Mnestheus, cannot be said with any certainty, though German scholar Johann Albert Fabricius took this for granted.[3][4] -  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Schmitz, Leonhard (1870). ""Ariston, literary (1)"". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 310. -",2023-08-26 17:44:22 -G R Varatharajulu Higher Secondary School - Wikipedia," -G R Varatharajulu Higher Secondary School is a school in Mayiladumparai, Theni District in the Western Tamil Nadu state of South India. It is associated with Rajshree Sugars and Chemicals Limited Management. This school is in about 0.5 km (0 mi) away from the Bank of river Vaigai. - This school was started around the 1970s and is well known across the Kadamalaigundu - Mayiladumparai Panchayat union. Subjects were taught in both English and Tamil Medium. G R Govindarajulu School is the section of that school that uses English as a medium for teaching. This school has a good reputation in Theni District. - - - This article about a school in Tamil Nadu, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:44:26 -Jan de Hartog - Wikipedia," - Jan de Hartog (April 22, 1914 – September 22, 2002) was a Dutch playwright, novelist and occasional social critic who moved to the United States in the early 1960s and became a Quaker. - In 1914, Jan de Hartog was born to a Dutch Calvinist minister and professor of theology, Arnold Hendrik, and his wife, Lucretia de Hartog, who was a lecturer in medieval mysticism. He was raised in Haarlem in the Netherlands.[1] - When he was 10 year old, de Hartog ran away to become a cabin boy on board a Dutch fishing boat. Despite his father having returned de Hartog home, when he was 12 years old, de Hartog ran away to a steamer in the Baltic.[2] - At 16, he attended the Kweekschool voor de Zeevaart in Amsterdam, a training college for the Dutch merchant marine.[3] - De Hartog shoveled coal at night with the Amsterdam Harbour Police until 1932. - While employed as skipper of a tour boat on the Amsterdam Canals, he wrote mysteries featuring Inspector Gregor Boyarski of the Amsterdam Harbor Police. He used the pseudonym ""F. R. Eckmar."" - His theater career began in the 1930s at the Amsterdam Municipal Theater, where he acted in and wrote a play.[2] - In May 1940, 10 days before Nazi Germany invaded and occupied the Netherlands, de Hartog published his book Hollands Glorie (Holland's Glory, translated into English as Captain Jan). - The novel described the life of sailors on ocean-going tugboats rescuing ocean liners. The book became a bestseller in the Netherlands. De Hartog joined the Dutch resistance, and was pursued by the Nazis, forcing him to go into hiding in Amsterdam in 1943.[2] He escaped to England.[4] His book became the best selling novel of the war years in the Netherlands.[5] - He joined the Netherlands merchant navy as a correspondent in 1943 and served as a ship's captain for which he received the Netherlands' ""Cross of Merit.""[1] - De Hartog's experience served as the background for books such as The Captain and Stella [de]. Stella was made into a movie called The Key, starring Sophia Loren, Trevor Howard, and William Holden. - In 1947, De Hartog's book Hollands Glorie was translated into English and was called Captain Jan. Remaining in the United Kingdom, de Hartog began writing his books in English, beginning with The Lost Sea (1951), which was a fictional account of his experiences working aboard ship.[6] - In 1952, while visiting New York, he encountered a play that he had written while he had still been in hiding during the war and had sold the rights to while he was in England.[4][6] The play was called The Fourposter, for which de Hartog received a Tony Award for Best Play at the 6th annual Tony Awards Show.[6] Columbia Pictures made The Fourposter into a partially animated movie, starring Rex Harrison and Lilli Palmer. The film was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for its cinematography. In 1966, The Fourposter became the musical I Do! I Do! The play appeared under its original name at the Theatre New Brunswick in 1974. - De Hartog and his wife transformed a 90-foot Dutch ship into a houseboat, which they made their home. During the floods in the Netherlands of 1953, The Rival was transformed into a floating hospital about which de Hartog wrote in The Little Ark.[1] - In the 1950s, de Hartog took The Rival to Houston, Texas on the deck of a freighter.[6] - While de Hartog was lecturing at the University of Houston on playwriting,[7] he and his wife volunteered at Jefferson Davis County Hospital.[1] - De Hartog wrote about the bad conditions at the hospital in his non-fiction memoir The Hospital (1964).[8] The book received a national response but also a local response in which, within a week of the book's release, nearly four hundred citizens volunteered at the hospital.[1] It led to reforms of the city's indigent healthcare system through the creation of the Harris County Hospital District. Despite national success, some of Houston's citizens reacted to the book with hostility, forcing de Hartog and his wife to return to Europe.[9] - In 1967, de Hartog wrote The Captain, which revisited his love of the sea and featured a central character based loosely on himself called Martinus Harinxma, who had first appeared in The Lost Sea (1951). The book was a success, and Martinus would live on as a central character in several sequels. - Before starting work on the second in the Martinus series, de Hartog wrote of the experience of adopting his two daughters, who were Korean War orphans, in The Children, which appeared in 1969. He wrote a fictionalized account of the origin of the Religious Society of Friends, The Peaceable Kingdom: An American Saga, in 1972. It was nominated for the Nobel Prize and was followed eight years later by a Quaker novel, The Lamb's War (1980). - In 1985, de Hartog was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) degree from Whittier College.[10] - He published the next book in the Martinus series, The Commodore, in 1986 while he was living in The Walled Garden in Somerset, England, and it was followed by The Centurion (1989), which explored an interest in which he and his wife had become involved, dowsing. - In 1993, de Hartog and his wife returned to Houston. He returned to the Quaker theme to write the last in the series, The Peculiar People, in 1992.[9] - De Hartog's last fully completed novel was The Outer Buoy: A Story of the Ultimate Voyage in 1994. - In 1996, de Hartog was honored as the annual ""Special Guest"" at the Netherlands Film Festival. - In 2002, de Hartog died at the age of 88. His ashes were taken to sea on a tugboat, the SMITWIJS SINGAPORE, and were scattered on the surface of the sea at position 52.02.5 N – 04.05.0 E at 13.10 hrs LT by his wife, Marjorie, and his son, Nick, while other family members spread flowers at the site.[11] - In 2007, Marjorie de Hartog edited a short story that her husband had begun, A View of the Ocean. - The Four Poster (1952) – 1hr 43min – Directed by Irving G. Reis - The Key (1958) – 2hrs 1 min – Directed by Carol Reed - The Spiral Road (1962) – 2hrs 25min – Directed by Robert Mulligan - Lisa (1962) – 1hr 52min – Directed by Philip Dunne - The Little Ark (1972) – 1hr 40min – Directed by James B. Clark -",2023-08-26 17:44:29 -Hood River Bridge - Wikipedia,"The Hood River–White Salmon Interstate Bridge, or just the Hood River Bridge, is a truss bridge with a vertical lift that spans the Columbia River between Hood River, Oregon, and White Salmon, Washington. It connects Interstate 84/U.S. Route 30 on the Oregon side with Washington State Route 14. - The bridge is the second oldest existing road bridge across the Columbia River between Washington and Oregon. It was built by the Oregon-Washington Bridge Company and opened on December 9, 1924. The original name was the Waucoma Interstate Bridge. - Construction of the Bonneville Dam 23 miles (37 km) downstream forced the bridge to be altered in 1938 to accommodate the resulting elevated river levels. On December 12, 1950, the Port of Hood River purchased the bridge from the Oregon-Washington Bridge Co. for $800,000. - The bridge is operated as a toll bridge by the Port of Hood River. Currently the tolls are set to $2.00 for a passenger car, with $3.00 for each axle for a truck, and either 75¢ or $1.00 for motorcycles.[2][3] Bicycles and pedestrians are prohibited from crossing the bridge due to its lack of sidewalks and narrow width.[4] - 20 piers are used to support the total length of 4,418 ft (1347 m). When closed the vertical waterway clearance is 67 ft (20m). This increases to 148 ft (45 m) when the bridge is open at a river level of 75',[5] which typically happens once or twice a month. The horizontal waterway clearance of the lift span is 246 ft (75 m). - The bridge has weight restrictions: 24 tons for legal truck types 3 and SU5, 32 tons for types 3S2 and 3-3, 22 tons for type SU4, and 25 tons for types SU6 and SU7 (descriptions of these truck types can be found here).[6] - It is located at river mile 169, between Bridge of the Gods at RM 148 and The Dalles Bridge at RM 191. - Plans to replace the existing bridge resulted in a 2003 draft environmental impact statement.[7] A fixed span design concept with wider lanes and a bicycle/pedestrian path that meets modern seismic standards was proposed in 2022. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2025 and be completed in 2031 at a cost of $520 million. Funding for the project would be split between the Oregon and Washington governments as well as federal and local sources.[8] Higher tolls are also under consideration to pay for the replacement. A new bi-state bridge authority was formed in July 2023 to prepare for the project.[9] -",2023-08-26 17:44:33 -Supreme Audit Office (Poland) - Wikipedia," - - - - The Supreme Audit Office (Polish: Najwyższa Izba Kontroli, abbreviated NIK) is the supreme audit institution and also one of the oldest state institutions in Poland, created under the Second Republic on February 7, 1919, barely 3 months after the restoration of Poland's independence. It was created on the initiative of the Head of State, Józef Piłsudski. Its organisation and functioning are set out in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the NIK Act of 23 December 1994. The NIK is subordinate to the Sejm (lower chamber of the Polish Parliament) and it acts in accordance with the principle of collegiate responsibility. The NIK is headed by the President who is appointed by the Sejm for a six-year term of office. The NIK performs audits related to, primarily, the execution of the state budget as well as public finance spending and management of public property by state and local governmental bodies and economic entities. Every year, the NIK submits three key documents to the Sejm: the analysis of the state budget execution and monetary policy guidelines, the opinion on the vote of discharge for the Council of Ministers and the annual report on the NIK’s activity. - From its very first day, NIK has been the country's supreme audit institution, empowered to exercise wide-ranging audit of the revenue and expenditure of the state and all institutions and corporations that make use of public funds. NIK is entitled to audit all state institutions, government and local government administrative units, together with those corporate bodies and non-governmental organisations which perform public contracts or receive government grants and guarantees. - The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, and the statute relating to the NIK, determine that the Polish SAI functions on the principle of collegiate responsibility. The Speaker of the Parliament appoints members of the College for a three-year tenure. The tasks of the College include the approval of the analysis of the state budget execution and the principles of fiscal policy, the audit of the NIK’s performance, formulating an opinion concerning certification of performance of duties part of discharge procedure of the government, the work plan and the draft budget for the NIK. The College assesses audit programmes and the outcomes of particularly important audits. It also considers post audit objections. - Under the current regulations, NIK is answerable to the Sejm, which appoints its President for a 6-year term, with the approval of the Senate. Terms of office of the President of the NIK do not necessarily coincide with those of the Parliament, which in practice prevents this office from being dependent on any political party. Like members of the Sejm, the President of NIK also enjoys immunity: he cannot be arrested or indicted without the consent of the Sejm. Currently, the post of the President of the NIK is held by Marian Banaś, appointed on 30 August 2019. - The Supreme Audit Office operates through its Departments and Regional Branches. The division into Departments reflects the scope of the matters it audits, and thus NIK includes the following Departments: - Other Departments of the NIK: - The division into Regional Branches is connected with the territorial division of Poland. The number of NIK Regional Branches, 16, equals that of the voivodeships. - NIK institutes audit proceedings on its own initiative, at the request of Sejm or its bodies or representatives (e.g. the Speaker of Sejm), the President of the Republic, or the Prime Minister. Special types of NIK activities include audits of the state budget execution and of the principles of monetary policy, as well as the NIK opinion in votes of confidence for the Council of Ministers. - The NIK fulfils its tasks based on periodic work plans. In the first instance, the audit of the state budget execution is completed, as the NIK is legally bound to conduct this activity. NIK undertakes other audits according to prioritised directions established by the NIK College for a period of three years. The NIK establishes whether the state fulfils its obligations towards its citizens, as well as indicates areas in which there are concerns, in particular ones that could be hindering proper development. Each year new audit areas are selected according to which specific themes for planned audits are programmed. NIK can also undertake ad hoc audits. - The Supreme Audit Office cooperates with similar bodies in the European Union countries, with the European Court of Auditors, International Board of Auditors for NATO, as well as the auditing authorities in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, and Hungary. - The Supreme Audit Office also cooperates with its European partners within the framework of EUROSAI - the European Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions, which is one of seven regional groups of INTOSAI - the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions. Jacek Jezierski, President of the NIK was the Chair of EUROSAI Governing Board in 2008-2011. -  WikiMiniAtlas52°13′06″N 20°59′56″E / 52.2184°N 20.9990°E / 52.2184; 20.9990 -",2023-08-26 17:44:37 -1789 English cricket season - Wikipedia," - The 1789 English cricket season was the 18th in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class status and the third after the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club. It featured 14 first-class matches. - The French Revolution escalated after the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July when cricket patron John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset, was the British ambassador in Paris. Dorset was reportedly planning a goodwill visit to France by an England team, but the crisis forced him to return home and the venture was cancelled before the team could leave England. - A total of 14 first-class matches were played during the season and involved teams from each of Essex, Hampshire, Kent, Middlesex and Surrey. An England side took part in three matches, two against the Hampshire XI and one against the Kent XI while a Gentlemen of England side played against the Middlesex XI. There were two matches between teams from West Kent and East Kent and a team from Hornchurch Cricket Club hosted MCC in August. A match between teams named A to M and N to Z was played at Lord's Old Ground.[1][2][3] - The British ambassador to France, the Duke of Dorset, a leading patron of cricket, planned the formation of an England team to visit Paris on a goodwill tour and play matches there in August.[4] The team, captained by William Yalden, reportedly assembled in London and travelled to Dover on 10 August where, unexpectedly, they met the Duke himself coming the other way. He was returning to England following the escalation of the French Revolution and the venture was cancelled.[4][5][6] According to John Major in More Than A Game, ""the whole story is nonsense"".[7] On 16 July, two days after the Storming of the Bastille, Dorset had written to Foreign Secretary Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds, about the crisis and had warned other British residents to leave Paris so, Major contends, he would hardly have invited a cricket team to come to France at such a time.[8] - Dorset is known to have left Paris on 8 August.[9] He did not return and was temporarily replaced by his Embassy Secretary, Lord Robert Stephen FitzGerald, as Minister Plenipotentiary. New credentials were delivered by his official successor, Earl Gower, on 20 June 1790. Dorset's credentials were terminated on 29 June 1790.[9] If the venture had gone ahead, it would have been the first-ever international cricket tour but, instead, it became the first to be cancelled for political reasons.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:44:41 -Herb McPherson - Wikipedia," -Herbert John McPherson (9 February 1917 – 15 December 1994) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1964 to 1981, and was Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Council from 1972 to 1973. - Born in Ganmain, McPherson was the son of master butcher John McPherson and Josephine Ledger. He was educated at rural schools around Wagga Wagga, and began working at a butcher's shop at the age of fourteen. He enlisted in the AIF in 1940, serving until 1946, and served with the Citizen Military Forces from 1948 to 1960, rising to the rank of Major. He married Lorna Ellis on 7 May 1943, with whom he had four children. He became a master butcher in Wagga Wagga in 1951, and was also a farmer. He was an alderman on Wagga Wagga Council from 1956 to 1959.[1] - McPherson joined the Australian Labor Party in 1957 and was a president of both state and federal electoral councils. In 1964 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council. He became Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council in 1972, but in 1973 moved to the position of Temporary Chairman of Committees, which he held until 1978. He left the Legislative Council in 1981. McPherson died in Wagga Wagga in 1994.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:44:44 -No Picnic Tomorrow - Wikipedia," - ""No Picnic Tomorrow"" is an Australian television drama one-off which aired in 1960 on ATN-7 in Sydney and GTV-9 in Melbourne (as this was prior to the creation of the Seven Network and Nine Network). Part of the Shell Presents series of one-off television dramas and comedies, it was produced in Melbourne, but first shown in Sydney on 9 January 1960,[1][2][3][4] and on 23 January 1960 Melbourne. - An Australian woman, Gwennie, and a man of Greek descent, Tony, intend to marry. However Tony's mother decides to arrange a marriage between him and a Greek woman who is coming to Australia. - The drama was written by Barbara Vernon, best known at the time for writing the play The Multi-Coloured Umbrella (adapted for television in 1958), and who had previously written the ABC TV comedy one-off The Passionate Pianist in 1957. It was filmed at GTV-9 studios and on location in Melbourne.[5] - Margaret Brown filmed the role during a two week break from her regular job.[6] - Duration was 60 minutes including commercials (running time excluding commercials is not known. Homicide episodes from the mid-1960s typically run 45–47 minutes, while some early locally produced hour-long programming on commercial television could run as long as 51 minutes). - The TV critic from the Sydney Morning Herald thought ""the promising basic situation"" of the play ""suffered, as written, from lack of richness in characterisation and dialogue and, as performed, from the flat low-voltage personalities of the mainly Melbourne players... the play's important dramatic issue... is stated... but not dramatised with any intensity.""[7] - Another critic thought it was ""not up to the standard"" of The Big Day but was ""a fair effort"" where the ""cast, although inclined to be a bit too doggedly Australian at times, acted with sincerity and conviction.""[8] - - This article about a television episode is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:44:48 -Delivering the Morning Milk - Wikipedia,"""Delivering the Morning Milk"" is a comic song written by George Formby, Harry Gifford and Frederick E. Cliffe. Formby recorded it on 28 July 1941 for Regal Zonophone Records. The song is similar to Formby's signature tune, ""The Window Cleaner"", only now he now describes the various sights he sees, often of a sexual nature, while out on his milk round.[1] - - This 1940s song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:44:52 -Jean-Jacques Aillagon - Wikipedia,"Jean-Jacques Aillagon (born 2 October 1946, Metz) is a French politician, a close confidant of Jacques Chirac and member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) political party. From 1972 to 1976 he was a high school teacher in the Corrèze region of France. From 1982 to 2002 he was an administrator and eventually Chairman of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. - He became Minister of Culture and Communication in Jean-Pierre Raffarin's national government from 2002 to 2004. In 2005 he was elected CEO of the worldwide satellite television station TV5MONDE. - By the decree of 6 June 2007, he was appointed President of the Château de Versailles (Etablissement public du musée et du domaine national de Versailles) (Journal Officiel n°01310 dated 07/06/2007). He is also a member of The Conseil Économique et Social (Economic and Social Council), France's third most important constitutional assembly. Jean-Jacques Aillagon is a close confidant of François Pinault. - Aillagon is openly gay.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:44:56 -Ivan Mustapić - Wikipedia,"Ivan Mustapić (born 9 July 1966 in Posušje,[1] SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former Croatian javelin thrower. He competed for Croatia at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He was also Croatian national javelin throw champion four times.[2] His personal best throw was 82.70 metres, achieved in 1992. He competed at the World Championships in Athletics on three occasions, having his best finish (20th) in 1993. - - - This biographical article relating to Croatian athletics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to athletics in Yugoslavia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:45:00 -Çağrı - Wikipedia,"Çağrı is a unisex Turkish given name. In Turkish, ""Çağrı"" means ""The Call"", ""Appellation"", and/or ""Distinction"". It also means ""Falcon"". Notable people with the name include: - -",2023-08-26 17:45:03 -List of shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean - Wikipedia," - This is a partial list of shipwrecks which occurred in the Pacific Ocean. The list includes ships that sank, foundered, grounded, or were otherwise lost. The Pacific Ocean is here defined in its widest sense, to include its marginal seas: the Bering Sea, Bismarck Sea, Bohol Sea, Celebes Sea, Chilean Sea, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Java Sea, Philippine Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Seto Inland Sea, Sibuyan Sea, Solomon Sea, South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Tasman Sea, Visayan Sea, and Yellow Sea. - Download coordinates as: -",2023-08-26 17:45:12 -Miss Earth 2008 - Wikipedia," - Miss Earth 2008 was the 8th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Clark Expo Amphitheater in Angeles City, Philippines on 9 November 2008.[1][2] The pageant featured contestants from eighty-five countries and territories. The pageant was broadcast live via ABS-CBN and coverage on Studio 23 in the Philippines and other stations throughout the world.[3] - Jessica Trisko of Canada crowned her successor Karla Henry of Philippines the end of the event.[4] The pageant was hosted by Billy Crawford, international singer and actor from the film Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist,[5] Miss Earth 2004 winner Priscilla Meirelles, and Miss Earth Canada 2006 Riza Santos.[6][7] - Final Question in Miss Earth 2008: ""If you have the chance to speak to the newly-elected US President Barack Obama about the state of the global environment, what would you tell him?""[9] - Answer of Miss Earth 2008: ""What I would tell to the newly elected president of the USA, being one of the most powerful countries in the world, I would encourage him to implement environmental knowledge in the curriculum of all schools whether in the United States or in the Philippines. Environmental knowledge is something that all of us must share, but most importantly we must teach the youth that this is something that we should instill in them so that in the near future they will be the ones to take care of our mother Earth."" – Karla Henry, represented Philippines.[9][10] - Starting this year, the format of the finale has changed. In previous years, after the swimsuit competition, there will have only eight delegates. They will compete in the first question and answer section with different questions, then participate in the evening gown competition. After that, the top four was announced and participated in the final question. But from this year, the top eights will only participate in the evening gown competition. After that, the judges will select the final four. They only participated in one part of the only question and answer session before announcing three runners-up and Miss Earth. - The delegates of Miss Earth 2008 explored the different islands of the Philippines with the theme ""Green Lifestyle"" and promoted the use of recyclable materials as part of our collective lifestyle.[11] In addition, they engaged on different environmental activities including the planting of trees in the provinces of Albay, Batangas, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Palawan, and Rizal. They also had school tours in Taytay, Rizal, and Metro Manila and taught the children the importance of protecting the environment.[12] - Miss Venezuela, Daniela Torrealba was named Best in Long Gown at the competition held at the PAGCOR, Grand Theatre in the city of Parañaque on 3 November 2008.[12] - On 25 October 2008, the delegates were divided into three groups which simultaneously competed in the swimsuit preliminary competition in three different locations: - The 15 finalists in each group then competed in the Final Swimsuit Competition held on 2 November at the Fontana Leisure Park in the Clark Freeport Zone, Angeles, Pampanga. Abigail Elizalde of Mexico emerged as the winner of the Best in Swimsuit.[12] - The National Costume competition of Miss Earth 2008 was held on 28 October 2008 at the PAGCOR Grand Theatre in the city of Parañaque. And again minor/sponsor awards were also given at that night.[12] - All of 85 candidates participated in the competition, with Miss Panama winning the coveted Best in National Costume award. Miss Philippines, Karla Henry was unanimously chosen by the members of the press as Miss Photogenic. Minor/sponsor awards were also given at that night.[12] - The ladies had their TV guesting on the different shows of ABS-CBN and Studio 23, the official media partner of Carousel Production for Miss Earth 2008. They had gone to Wowowee, ASAP, Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal, and The Singing Bee.[12] - The delegates also had their mall tours and fashion shows in all Robinsons Malls nationwide in order to promote its cause which is to promote the protection of our environment.[12] - 85 contestants competed for the title. - Karla Henry Philippines (Miss Earth 2008) - Miriam Odemba Tanzania (Miss Air) - Abigail Elizalde Mexico (Miss Water) - Tatiane Alves Brazil (Miss Fire) - Mariana Rodríguez Colombia - Katissia Kouta Congo Republic - Wendy Cordero Costa Rica - Sopiko Svimonishvili Georgia - Ria Antoniou Greece - Yllka Berisha Kosovo - Rachel Crofts New Zealand - Ruxandra Popa Romania - Anna Mezentsewa Russia - Adriana Reverón Spain - Vahinetua Flaccadori Tahiti - Piyaporn Deejing Thailand - María Daniela Torrealba Venezuela - Demet Karadeniz and Sara Frančeškin Turkey and Slovenia - Nicaragua and Bosnia and Herzegovina - Miss Earth 2008 contestants showing their -",2023-08-26 17:45:20 -C. M. Hallard - Wikipedia," - Charles Maitland Hallard (26 October 1865 – 21 April 1942) was a Scottish actor.[1][2] In 1895 he appeared in the popular drama Trilby with Herbert Beerbohm Tree at the Haymarket Theatre.[3] - - This article about a Scottish actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:45:24 -Process (Candy Lo album) - Wikipedia,"Process is Hong Kong singer Candy Lo's 10th studio album. - - This article about a Hong Kong album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:45:29 -Adam de Darlington - Wikipedia," - Adam de Darlington [Derlingtun] (died 1296) was a 13th-century English churchman based in the Kingdom of Scotland. Adam's name occurred for the first time in a Moray document datable between 1255 and 1271, where he was named as the Precentor of Fortrose Cathedral.[1] He seems to have been introduced into the diocese of Ross, along with others from the north-east of England, by Bishop Robert de Fyvie, who may have been descended from the area.[2] - After the death of Bishop Robert, sometime between 17 November 1292 and 18 November 1295, two elections were conducted by the cathedral chapter of Ross: one elected Precentor Adam and the other elected Thomas de Dundee.[3] Darlington travelled to the papal curia, but on or before 18 November, resigned his right to Dundee.[3] - He did however obtain a bishopric, becoming Bishop of Caithness. On 26 April 1296, as Precentor of Ross he was provided to the Caithness diocese, vacant since the death of Alan de St Edmund in 1291, and consecrated by Hugh Aycelin, Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia.[4] He was not to be bishop long however, perhaps not even long enough to visit his new bishopric. He died at Siena some time before 17 December 1296, when Andrew, Abbot of Coupar Angus, was provided to the now vacant see of Caithness.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:45:40 -Boccoli - Wikipedia,"Boccoli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:45:44 -Hataraki Man - Wikipedia," - Hataraki Man (働きマン) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Moyoco Anno, serialized in the seinen magazine Morning since 2004. The story centers on 28-year-old Hiroko Matsukata, editor at the magazine Weekly JIDAI (週刊「JIDAI」, Shūkan JIDAI). Talented and hard-working, Hiroko's colleagues refer to her as Hataraki Man (literally ""working man"") because of her dedication to her job. But despite her successes in the workplace, she struggles with moments of self-doubt and with the challenge of balancing life and career. - Hataraki Man was adapted into an anime television series broadcast from October to December 2006 and a drama that aired from October to December 2007. In North America, the anime series has been licensed by Maiden Japan.[1] - Hiroko Matsukata is a woman who works for a magazine company. She puts all she has into her work, and is known as a strong, straightforward working woman, who can at will turn herself into Hataraki man (working man) mode. Despite Hiroko's success at work, her life lacks romance. Even though a hard worker, she would leave early anytime to go on a date. Too bad her boyfriend is an even bigger workaholic than Hiroko. - Anno has said that ""Absolutely, women need a Man Switch"", saying that more understanding is needed of male and female psychology in the workplace. She is critical of a ""laziness"" in modern Japanese culture, saying that ""The traditional virtue of Japan was that people took everything very seriously. As those traditions have been eroded, the quality of Japanese work has been downgraded.""[2] - Hataraki Man is written and illustrated by Moyoco Anno. The series started its serialization in Kodansha's seinen magazine Morning in 2004. The series has been on hiatus since March 2008, due to Anno's health.[3][4] - A drama adaptation aired from October to December 2007. - The realism of the series has been regarded as key to its popularity with readers facing the same issues in life.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:45:48 -Live 2018 - Wikipedia,"Live 2018 is the second live album by the American rock band Stone Temple Pilots, released as a Record Store Day exclusive on November 23, 2018 through Rhino. [2][3][4][5] It's the first live album since Alive in the Windy City in 2012 and the deaths of original frontman Scott Weiland in 2015 and Chester Bennington in 2017. - Stone Temple Pilots -",2023-08-26 17:45:52 -The Game at Radio City - Wikipedia,"The Game at Radio City was played on August 5, 2004, at Radio City Music Hall in New York, New York. This game is not considered a standard All-Star Game. - In order to allow players to participate in the 2004 Summer Olympics, the WNBA took a month-long break. However, prior to the teams heading to Athens, the WNBA hosted an exhibition game between the U.S. Olympic Team and a team of WNBA stars. Every player on the Olympic team was also an WNBA player. The WNBA squad consisted of American players, with the exception of Mwadi Mabika who was from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Her country's women's basketball team did not qualify for the Olympics that year.) - - - The coach for the USA Olympic Team was Houston Comets coach Van Chancellor. The coach for the WNBA Team was Detroit Shock coach Bill Laimbeer. -",2023-08-26 17:45:56 -Edward W. Rodzwicz - Wikipedia,"Edward W. Rodzwicz (born c. 1946) was President of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (BLET), a railway workers' union in the United States. - Edward Rodzwicz is from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. -He joined the BLE in 1977 and became a Special Representative for the union in 1988. -He served in various positions on the Conrail General Committee of Adjustment. -In 1991 he was elected Alternate Vice-President, and in 1996 he was elected International Vice-President. -In September 2001 he was elected First Vice-President & Alternate President, the second position in the union's leadership.[1] - In September 2007 a Teamsters oversight board accused the president of the union, Don Hahs, of embezzling $58,000 of union funds.[2] -Hahs was suspended for a year.[3] -Rodzwicz replaced him as President.[4] -In October 2009 Rodzwicz was arrested on two charges of bribery.[4] -It was alleged that he and another official had accepted cash payments from a Texan personal injury attorney in return for listing the attorney as a Designated Legal Council, which would make BLET members more likely to use the attorney's services.[5] -Rodzwicz resigned on 13 November 2009.[4] -He was then replaced by Paul Sorrow.[6] -Rodzwicz pleaded guilty on two charges.[7] -In September 2010, at the age of 64, he was sentenced to 18 months in a federal prison.[8] - Citations - Sources -",2023-08-26 17:46:00 -Kurdyum - Wikipedia,"Kurdyum (Russian: Курдюм; Altay: Курjум, Kurĵum) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ust-Koksinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 37 as of 2016.[2] There is 1 street. - Kurdyum is located 97 km west of Ust-Koksa (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karagay is the nearest rural locality.[3] - This Altai Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:46:04 -"Kopanica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship - Wikipedia","Kopanica [kɔpaˈnit͡sa] (German: Gipp) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Manowo, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.[1] - For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. - - - This Koszalin County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:46:07 -Marek Witkowski - Wikipedia,"Marek Krzysztof Witkowski (born 21 May 1974 in Czechowice-Dziedzice) is a Polish sprint canoeist who competed from 1994 to 2000. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the K-4 1000 m event at Sydney in 2000. - For his sport achievements, he received: - Golden Cross of Merit in 2000. - Witkowski won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney in the Men's K-4 1000 m competition with crewmates Adam Seroczyński, Dariusz Białkowski and Grzegorz Kotowicz. He also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 1000 m: 1994) and two bronzes (K-4 500 m and K-4 1000 m: both 1995). - - This article about a Polish canoeist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a Polish Olympic medalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:46:11 -Critical Language Scholarship Program - Wikipedia,"The Critical Language Scholarship (CLS) Program is a United States Department of State cultural and educational exchange program which offers approximately 500 undergraduate or graduate level students from the United States the opportunity to participate in an intensive language study abroad. This nationally competitive program funds students who study one of the 15 critical need foreign languages, and is part of the National Security Language Initiative. The 15 critical languages include Arabic, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Chinese, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Swahili, Turkish and Urdu. With an acceptance rate of less than 10%, the Critical Language Scholarship is one of the most competitive scholarships in the U.S. and the most prestigious language program for U.S. citizens.[1][2][3] - The program is administered by American Councils for International Education with awards approved by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. - Applicants to the program must be U.S. citizens enrolled in a U.S. degree-granting program at the undergraduate or graduate level at the time of application. Undergraduate students must have completed at least one year of general college course-work by the start date of the program. Other requirements are that the applicants should be in acceptable mental and physical health for which persons granted the scholarship are usually required to submit a satisfactory Medical Information Form and Physician’s Statement. The minimum age is 18 by the beginning of the CLS Program in the particular year. - The scholarship is open to students in all disciplines, including business, engineering, law, medicine, sciences, and humanities. There is also no discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, gender, age, or disability in choosing awardees. - Offered at all levels (Beginning, Advanced Beginning, Intermediate and Advanced). No previous study of the language, or less than one academic year of study or the equivalent: - Requires at least one academic year of prior target language study or the equivalent (Advanced Beginning, Intermediate and Advanced): - Requires at least two academic years of prior target language study or the equivalent (Intermediate and Advanced only) - The equivalent of 1 year of college-level language study entails but is not limited to: 1 summer of intensive language study, 2 semesters of study (audited or for credit), or 1 year of private tutoring. A typical academic year is 9 months (36 weeks). A typical language course is 3–5 hours per week or 108–180 hours per academic year of language instruction. Applicants who have completed the CLS Program may count each summer of participation as one year of language study. Applicants must choose to apply for only one language offered by the CLS Program. - Award recipients will be selected on the basis of merit with consideration for: Academic record and potential to succeed in a rigorous academic setting; Ability to adapt to a different cultural environment; Diversity; Plan for continuation of study of the language; and Plan to use the language in future career.[5] http://www.clscholarship.org/index.php?p=news/2015/sayyestocls[1][3] -All applicants are initially read by two outside academic readers, and the top applications are reviewed by panels of academics and experts in the area and language. Applicants recommended for selection are forwarded to the U.S. Department of State for final approval. After notification, selected participants will be required to complete a language evaluation. Selected applicants will be assigned to a CLS institute site by mid to late April based on language evaluation results along with information provided in the online application. - The program begins with a virtual pre-departure orientation in the weeks leading up to the program. Students are flown to their respective locations where they delve into the intensive language programs. The program itself involves approximately 15 hours a week of formal language instruction. In addition, CLS participants engage in a variety of language enhancement activities, including conversation partners, guest lectures, film viewings, host family visits (some sites), and cultural excursions. Some institutes require students to take a language pledge, which requires students to speak in the target language at designated times. Upon completing the program, students are asked to provide feedback and participate in post-program language testing. - All CLS Program costs are covered for participants including: travel to and from the student's U.S. home city and program location, a mandatory Washington, D.C., pre-departure orientation, applicable visa fees, room, board, group-based intensive language instruction, program-sponsored travel within country, and all entrance fees for CLS Program cultural enhancement activities. -",2023-08-26 17:46:14 -Knocknafenaig - Wikipedia," - Knocknafenaig (Scottish Gaelic: Cnoc na Fennaig) is a ruined township on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. - Located in the south-western portion of the island known as the Ross of Mull, Knocknafenaig is an extremely well preserved township that shows many characteristics of the 19th-century and early 20th-century living conditions. Although it is believed to have had medieval settlements, almost no evidence remains of these due to their organic nature. Among the many ruins is a well preserved corn-drying kiln and house, known as Braigh. The Braigh is the last remaining thatched building in the Ross of Mull and was inhabited until the mid-1980s. - The name Cnoc na Fennaig translates as ""Hill of the Lazybeds"" (this being a reference to the type of cultivation used throughout the area). - In 1779 the township had a population of 70. After the Highland Clearances and the Potato Famine in the mid-19th century the township became increasingly deserted. After World War I Knocknafenaig was divided into six crofts for returning servicemen. Eventually the six crofts were combined to become Ardachy Farm. - 1. Ross of Mull Historical Centre, 2004 Discover The Ross...Uisken, Knocknafenaig & Ardalanish. Bunessan. Ross of Mull Historical Centre. -",2023-08-26 17:46:18 -East Prince - Wikipedia,"For the rural slang name for southeastern Prince County, Prince Edward Island, see East Prince (locality). East Prince was a federal electoral district in Prince Edward Island, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1904. - This riding was created in 1892 from parts of Prince County and Queen's County ridings. - It was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed into Prince and Queen's ridings. - It consisted of the town of Summerside, the eastern part of Prince County, and parts of Queen's County. - By-election: On Mr. Yeo being called to the Senate, 19 November 1898 -",2023-08-26 17:46:21 -"Sir William Trelawny, 6th Baronet - Wikipedia"," - Sir William Trelawny, 6th Baronet (c. 1722 – 11 December 1772), of Trelawne, Cornwall was a British politician and colonial administrator.[1] - He was the son of Captain William Trelawny, R.N. and educated at Westminster School. He succeeded his uncle Sir Harry Trelawny, 5th Baronet to the baronetcy in 1762, inheriting the Trelawne estate. - Trelawny sat as Member of Parliament for West Looe from 1757 to 1767. The latter year he was appointed Governor of Jamaica, a post he held until his death in December 1772. Trelawny Parish, Jamaica was named after him. - He died in Jamaica in 1772. He had married his cousin Laetitia, the daughter and heiress of Sir Harry Trelawny, 5th Baronet, with whom he had a son and a daughter. -",2023-08-26 17:46:25 -1980 United States Senate election in Colorado - Wikipedia," - Hart:      50–60%      60–70% - Gary Hart -Democratic - Gary Hart -Democratic - The 1980 United States Senate election in Colorado was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Gary Hart won re-election to a second term. -",2023-08-26 17:46:29 -Federspiel - Wikipedia,"Federspiel is a Germanic surname that literally means ""feather play"". The name originates in Switzerland. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:46:32 -Les Tipton - Wikipedia," - Les Tipton (born March 19, 1942) is an American athlete. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1964 Summer Olympics.[1] - This biographical article about an American javelin thrower is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:46:35 -U.S. Route 16A - Wikipedia," - - U.S. Highway 16A U.S. Highway 16A (US 16A) is a 36.971-mile-long (59.499 km) scenic United States Numbered Highway. It is an alternate route for US 16. It splits from US 16 in the Black Hills of the southwestern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The highway's western terminus is an intersection with US 16, US 385, and South Dakota Highway 89 (SD 89) in Custer. The eastern terminus is at an interchange with US 16 called Keystone Wye south of Rapid City. Portions of US 16A are known as the Iron Mountain Road, named after the peak it summits. - The route passes through Keystone, the Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the Norbeck Wildlife Management Area and Black Elk Wilderness within Black Hills National Forest, and Custer State Park (including State Game Lodge and Legion Lake), before rejoining the parent highway. - US 16A is famous for its scenic, one-lane tunnels aligned to frame the faces on Mount Rushmore, its ""pigtail bridges"", and its sections of divided highway but with single (and narrow) lanes on each roadway. It is the only route which can be used to drive through Custer State Park without having to pay an entrance fee for the park, provided the traveler does not stop in the park. - The route includes most of the tunnels on the South Dakota state highway system, including the only three-lane tunnel in the state, just north of Keystone. Part of the highway is also a boundary of the Black Elk Wilderness. The Iron Mountain portion of the road is not maintained in the winter. The road, like several other scenic roads in the Black Hills, was originally laid out by Governor Peter Norbeck, specifically to create a very scenic, slow-speed road for tourists. The section of US 16A from SD 89 to SD 244 is known as the Peter Norbeck Memorial Byway in honor of the governor. At the highest point of the byway, on the summit of Iron Mountain, there is a small memorial to Governor Norbeck. - An older road through the Badlands of South Dakota (currently designated as SD 240) was designated US 16A between 1944 and 1980. -",2023-08-26 17:46:39 -Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin - Wikipedia," - The Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin,[1] also known as the Hungarian conquest[2] or the Hungarian land-taking[3] (Hungarian: honfoglalás, lit. 'taking/conquest of the homeland'),[4] was a series of historical events ending with the settlement of the Hungarians in Central Europe in the late 9th and early 10th century. Before the arrival of the Hungarians, three early medieval powers, the First Bulgarian Empire, East Francia, and Moravia, had fought each other for control of the Carpathian Basin. They occasionally hired Hungarian horsemen as soldiers. Therefore, the Hungarians who dwelt on the Pontic steppes east of the Carpathian Mountains were familiar with what would become their homeland when their conquest started. - The Hungarian conquest started in the context of a ""late or 'small' migration of peoples"".[1] The Hungarians took possession of the Carpathian Basin in a pre-planned manner, with a long move-in between 862–895.[5] Other theories assert attest that the Hungarians crossed the Carpathian Mountains following a joint attack by the Pechenegs and Bulgarians in 894 or 895. They first took control over the lowlands east of the river Danube and attacked and occupied Pannonia (the region to the west of the river) in 900. They exploited internal conflicts in Moravia and annihilated this state sometime between 902 and 906. - The Hungarians strengthened their control over the Carpathian Basin by defeating the Bavarian army in a battle fought at Brezalauspurc on 4 July 907. They launched a series of campaigns to Western Europe between 899 and 955 and also targeted the Byzantine Empire between 943 and 971. However, they gradually settled in the basin and established a Christian monarchy, the Kingdom of Hungary, around 1000. - The Hungarians arrived in the Carpathian Basin, in a geographically unified but politically divided land, after acquiring thorough local knowledge of the area from the 860s onwards.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] After the end of the Avar Kaganate (c. 822), the Eastern Franks asserted their influence in Transdanubia, the Bulgarians to a small extent in the Southern Transylvania and the interior regions housed the surviving Avar population in their stateless state.[7][13] According to one theory the archaeological evidence, the Avar population survived the time of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.[14][7][11] In this power vacuum, The Hungarian conqueror elite took the system of the former Avar Kaganate, there is no trace of massacres and mass graves, it is believed to have been a peaceful transition for local residents in the Carpathian Basin.[14] Other scholars dismiss the continuity between late Avar and Hungarian Conquerors and/or the ""double-conquest"" (kettős honfoglalás) of the Carpathian basin.[15] According to historian Bálint Csanád ""Not one single element (of the original theory) is tenable"" and that a ""compelling piece of evidence is that a genuine similarity between the Avar- and Conquest-period skeletal material could only be demonstrated in 4.5% of the theoretically potential cases"".[16] - The Continuation of the Chronicle by George the Monk contains the earliest certain[17] reference to the Hungarians.[18] It states that Hungarian warriors intervened in a conflict between the Byzantine Empire and the Bulgarians on the latter's behalf in the Lower Danube region in 836 or 837.[19] The first known Hungarian raid in Central Europe was recorded in the Annals of St. Bertin,[20] which writes of ""enemies, called Hungarians, hitherto unknown""[21] who ravaged King Louis the German's realm in 862.[20] Victor Spinei and other historians argue that Rastislav of Moravia, at war with Louis the German, hired Hungarians to invade East Francia.[20][22] Archbishop Theotmar of Salzburg clearly states in his letter of around 900 that the Moravians often allied with the Hungarians against the Germans.[22] - For many years [the Moravians] have in fact perpetrated the very crime of which they have only once falsely accused us. They themselves have taken in a large number of Hungarians and have shaved their own heads according to their heathen customs and they have sent them against our Christians, overcoming them, leading some away as captives, killing others, while still others, imprisoned, perished of hunger and thirst. Porphyrogenitus mentions that the Hungarians dwelled in a territory that they called ""Atelkouzou"" until their invasion across the Carpathians.[24][25][26] He adds that it was located in the territory where the rivers Barouch, Koubou, Troullos, Broutos and Seretos[27] run.[28][29] Although the identification of the first two rivers with the Dnieper and the Southern Bug is not unanimously accepted, the last three names without doubt refer to the rivers Dniester, Prut and Siret.[29] In the wider region, at Subotsi on the river Adiamka, three graves (one of them belonging to a male buried with the skull and legs of his horse) are attributed to pre-conquest Hungarians.[29] However, these tombs may date to the 10th century.[30] - The Hungarians were organized into seven tribes that formed a confederation.[31] Constantine Porphyrogenitus mentions this number.[32] Anonymous seems to have preserved the Hungarian ""Hetumoger"" (""Seven Hungarians"") denomination of the tribal confederation, although he writes of ""seven leading persons""[33] jointly bearing this name instead of a political organization.[32] - The Hetumoger confederation was strengthened by the arrival of the Kabars,[31] who (according to Constantine) joined the Hungarians following their unsuccessful riot against the Khazar Khaganate.[34] The Hungarians and the Kabars are mentioned in the longer version of the Annals of Salzburg,[35] which relates that the Hungarians fought around Vienna, while the Kabars fought nearby at Culmite in 881.[36] Madgearu proposes that Kavar groups were already settled in the Tisza plain within the Carpathian Basin around 881, which may have given rise to the anachronistic reference to Cumans in the Gesta Hungarorum at the time of the Hungarian conquest.[37] - The Hetumoger confederation was under a dual leadership, according to Ibn Rusta and Gardizi (two Muslim scholars from the 10th and 11th centuries, respectively, whose geographical books preserved texts from an earlier work written by Abu Abdallah al-Jayhani from Bukhara).[38][39][40] The Hungarians' nominal or sacred leader was styled kende, while their military commander bore the title gyula.[39][41] The same authors add that the gyula commanded an army of 20,000 horsemen,[42] but the reliability of this number is uncertain.[43] - Regino of Prüm and other contemporary authors portray the 9th-century Hungarians as nomadic warriors.[44] Emperor Leo the Wise underlines the importance of horses to their military tactics.[45] Analysis of horse skulls found in Hungarian warriors graves has not revealed any significant difference between these horses and Western breeds.[46] Regino of Prüm states that the Hungarians knew ""nothing about fighting hand-to-hand in formation or taking besieged cities"",[47] but he underlines their archery skills.[48] Remains indicate that composite bows were the Hungarians' most important weapons.[49] In addition, slightly curved sabres were unearthed in many warrior tombs from the period.[50] Regino of Prüm noted the Hungarians' preference for deceptions such as apparent retreat in battle.[48] Contemporaneous writers also recounted their viciousness, represented by the slaughter of adult males in settlement raids.[51] - [The Hungarians] are armed with swords, body armor, bows and lances. Thus, in battles most of them bear double arms, carrying the lances high on their shoulders and holding the bows in their hands. They make use of both as need requires, but when pursued they use their bows to great advantage. Not only do they wear armor themselves, but the horses of their illustrious men are covered in front with iron or quilted material. They devote a great deal of attention and training to archery on horse-back. A huge herd of horses, ponies and mares, follows them, to provide both food and milk and, at the same time, to give the impression of a multitude. Based on extant Hungarian chronicles, it is clear that more than one (occasionally extended) list existed of the peoples inhabiting the Carpathian Basin at the time of the Hungarian landtaking.[53] Anonymus, for instance, first writes of the ""Slavs, Bulgarians, Vlachs and the shepherds of the Romans""[54] as inhabiting the territory,[55][56] but later he refers to ""a people called Kozar""[57] and to the Székelys.[53] Similarly, Simon of Kéza first lists the ""Slavs, Greeks, Germans, Moravians and Vlachs"",[58][59] but later he adds that the Székelys also lived in the territory.[60] According to Macartney, those lists were based on multiple sources and do not document the real ethnic conditions of the Carpathian Basin around 900.[61] Ioan-Aurel Pop says that Simon of Kéza listed the peoples who inhabited the lands that the Hungarian conquered and the nearby territories.[62] - The Hungarians adopted the ancient (Celtic, Dacian or Germanic) names of the longest rivers in the Carpathian Basin from a Slavic-speaking population.[63] For instance, the Hungarian names of the rivers Danube (Duna), Dráva, Garam, Maros, Olt, Száva, Tisza and Vág were borrowed from Slavs.[63][64] The Hungarians also adopted a great number of hydronyms of Slavic origin, including Balaton (""swamp""), Beszterce (""swift river""), Túr (""aurochs' stream"") and Zagyva (""sooty river"").[63][65][66] Place names of Slavic origin abound across the Carpathian Basin.[67] For instance, Csongrád (""black fortress""), Nógrád (""new fortress""), Visegrád (""citadel"") and other early medieval fortresses bore a Slavic name, while the name of Keszthely preserved the Latin word for fortress (castellum), with Slavic mediation.[67][68] - Besides the Slavs, the presence of a German-speaking population can be demonstrated, based on toponyms.[69] For example, the Hungarians adopted the Germanized form of the name of the river Vulka (whose name is of Slavic origin) and the document known as the Conversion of the Bavarians and the Carantanians from around 870 lists Germanic place names in Pannonia, including Salapiugin (""bend of the Zala"") and Mosaburc (""fortress in the marshes"").[70] The name of the Barca, Barót and other rivers could be either Turkic[66] or Slavic in origin.[71] - According to Béla Miklós Szőke's theory, the detailed description of the Magyars by western contemporary sources and the immediate Hungarian intervention in local wars suggest that the Hungarians had already lived on the eastern territories of the Carpathian Basin since the middle of the 9th century.[72][73] Regarding the right location of early Hungarian settlements, the Arabic geographer al-Jayhani (only snippets of his work survived in other Muslim authors' papers)[74] in the 870s placed the Hungarians between the Don and Danube rivers.[72] Szőke identifies al-Jayhani's Danube with the middle Danube region, as opposed to the previously assumed lower Danube region because, following al-Jayhani's description, the Christian Moravians were the western neighbors of the Magyars.[72] - The Carpathian Basin was controlled from the 560s by the Avars,[75] a Turkic-speaking people.[76] Upon their arrival in the region, they imposed their authority over the Gepids, who had dominated the territories east of the river Tisza.[77] However, the Gepids survived up until the second half of the 9th century, according to a reference in the Conversion of the Bavarians and the Carantanians to their groups dwelling in Lower Pannonia around 870.[69] - The Avars were initially nomadic horsemen, but both large cemeteries used by three or four generations and a growing number of settlements attest to their adoption of a sedentary (non-nomadic) way of life from the 8th century.[78][79] The Avars' power was destroyed between 791 and 795 by Charlemagne,[80] who occupied Transdanubia and attached it to his empire.[81] Archaeological investigation of early medieval rural settlements at Balatonmagyaród, Nemeskér and other places in Transdanubia demonstrate that their main features did not change with the fall of the Avar Khaganate.[82] New settlements appeared in the former borderlands with cemeteries characterised by objects with clear analogues in contemporary Bavaria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Moravia and other distant territories.[82] A manor defended by timber walls (similar to noble courts of other parts of the Carolingian Empire) was unearthed at Zalaszabar.[82] - Avar groups who remained under the rule of their khagan were frequently attacked by Slav warriors.[83] Therefore, the khagan asked Charlemagne to let his people settle in the region between Szombathely and Petronell in Pannonia.[84] His petition was accepted in 805.[84] The Conversion of the Bavarians and the Carantanians lists the Avars among the peoples under the ecclesiastic jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg around 870.[85] According to Pohl, it ""simply proved impossible to keep up an Avar identity after Avar institutions and the high claims of their tradition had failed.""[86] The growing number of archaeological evidence in Transdanubia also presumes Avar population in the Carpathian Basin at the eve of the 10th century.[87] Archaeological findings suggesting that there is a substantial late Avar presence on the Great Hungarian Plain, but it is difficult to determine the proper chronology.[87] - A charter issued in 860 by King Louis the German for the Mattsee Abbey may well attest that the Onogurs (another people of Turkic origin) were also present in the territory.[88] The charter refers to the ""Marches of the Wangars"" (marcha uuangariourum) situated in the westernmost regions of the Carpathian Basin.[89] The Wangar denomination seems to reflect the Slavic form of the Onogurs' ethnonym.[88] - The territories attached to the Frankish Empire were initially governed by royal officers and local chieftains.[90] A Slavic prince named Pribina received large estates along the river Zala around 840.[91] He promoted the colonisation of his lands[92] and also erected Mosaburg, a fortress in the marshes.[91] Initially defended by timber walls, this ""castle complex""[93] (András Róna-Tas) became an administrative center. It was strengthened by drystone walls at the end of the century. Four churches surrounded by cemeteries were unearthed in and around the settlement. At least one of them continued to be used up to the 11th century.[94] - Pribina died fighting the Moravians in 861, and his son Kocel inherited his estates.[95] Kocel was succeeded around 876 by Arnulf, a natural son of Carloman, king of East Francia.[96] Under his rule, Moravian troops interved into the conflict known as the ""Wilhelminer War"" and ""laid waste from the Raab eastward"" between 882 and 884, according to the Annals of Fulda.[97][98] - Moravia emerged in the 820s[99] under its first known ruler, Mojmir I.[91] His successor, Rastislav, developed Moravia's military strength. He promoted the proselytizing activities of the Byzantine brothers, Constantine and Methodius in an attempt to seek independence from East Francia.[91][100] Moravia reached its ""peak of importance"" under Svatopluk I[101] who expanded its frontiers in all directions.[102] - Moravia's core territory is located in the regions on the northern Morava river, in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic and Slovakia.[103] However, Constantine Porphyrogenitus places ""great Moravia, the unbaptized""[104] somewhere in the regions beyond Belgrade and Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia).[105] His report supported further theories on Moravia's location.[106] For instance, Kristó and Senga propose the existence of two Moravias (one in the north and other one in the south),[107] while Boba, Bowlus and Eggers argue that Moravia's core territory is in the region of the southern Morava river, in present-day Serbia.[108] The existence of a southern Moravian realm is not supported by artifacts, while strongholds unearthed at Mikulcice, Pohansko and other areas to the north of the middle Danube point at the existence of a power center in those regions.[109] - In addition to East Francia and Moravia, the First Bulgarian Empire was also deeply involved in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century.[110] A late 10th-century Byzantine lexicon known as Suda adds that Krum of Bulgaria attacked the Avars from the southeast around 803.[111] The Royal Frankish Annals narrates that the Abodrites inhabiting ""Dacia on the Danube"",[112] most probably along the lower courses of the river Tisza, sought the assistance of the Franks against the Bulgars in 824.[113] Bulgarian troops also invaded Pannonia, ""expelled the Slavic chieftains and appointed Bulgar governors instead""[114] in 827.[115][116] An inscription at Provadia refers to a Bulgarian military leader named Onegavonais drowning in the Tisza around the same time.[117] The emerging power of Moravia brought about a rapprochement between Bulgaria and East Francia in the 860s.[118] King Arnulf of East Francia sent an embassy to the Bulgarians in 892 in order ""to renew the former peace and to ask that they should not sell salt to the Moravians"".[119] The latter request suggests that the route from the salt mines of the eastern Carpathians to Moravia was controlled around that time by the Bulgarians.[120][121] - The anonymous author of the Gesta Hungarorum, instead of Svatopluk I of Moravia and other rulers known from contemporary sources, writes of personalities and polities that are not mentioned by chroniclers working at the end of the 9th century.[122] For instance, he refers to Menumorut residing in the castle of Bihar (Biharia, Romania), to Zobor ""duke of Nitra by the grace of the Duke of the Czechs"",[123] and to Gelou ""a certain Vlach""[124] ruling over Transylvania.[122] According to historian Ryszard Grzesik, the reference to Gelou and his Vlachs evidences that the Vlachs had already settled in Transylvania by the time the Gesta was completed, while the stories about Zobor and Menumorut preserved the memory of the Hungarians' fight against the Moravians.[125] Translating Menumorut's name as ""Great Moravian"", Grzesik associates him with Svatopluk I and refutes the report of Menumorut's rule in Bihar.[126] Early medieval fortresses were unearthed at Bihar and other places east of the Tisza, but none of them definitively date to the 9th century.[127] In the case of Doboka (Dăbâca), two pairs of bell-shaped pendants with analogues in sites in Austria, Bulgaria and Poland have been unearthed, but Florin Curta dates them to the 9th century, while Alexandru Madgearu to the period between 975 and 1050.[128][129] - Three main theories attempt to explain the reasons for the ""Hungarian land-taking"".[130] One argues that it was an intended military operation, prearranged following previous raids, with the express purpose of occupying a new homeland.[130] This view (expounded, for example, by Bakay and Padányi) mainly follows the narration of Anonymus and later Hungarian chronicles.[131] The Hungarians took possession of the Carpathian Basin in a pre-planned manner, with a long move-in between 862–895.[132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140] This is confirmed by the archaeological findings, in the 10th century Hungarian cemeteries, the graves of women, children and elderly people are located next to the warriors, they were buried according to the same traditions, wore the same style of ornaments, and belonged to the same anthropological group. The Hungarian military events of the following years prove that the Hungarian population that settled in the Carpathian Basin was not a weakened population without a significant military power.[138] The opposite view maintains that a joint attack by the Pechenegs and the Bulgarians forced the Hungarians' hand.[141] Kristó, Tóth and the theory's other adherents refer to the unanimous testimony provided by the Annals of Fulda, Regino of Prüm and Porphyrogenitus on the connection between the Hungarians' conflict with the Bulgar-Pecheneg coalition and their withdrawal from the Pontic steppes.[142][143] An intermediate theory proposes that the Hungarians had for decades been considering a westward move when the Bulgarian-Pecheneg attack accelerated their decision to leave the Pontic steppes.[144] For instance Róna-Tas argues, ""[the] fact that, despite a series of unfortunate events, the Magyars managed to keep their heads above water goes to show that they were indeed ready to move on"" when the Pechenegs attacked them.[145] - In fact, following a break of eleven years, the Hungarians returned to the Carpathian Basin in 892.[34] They came to assist Arnulf of East Francia against Svatopluk I of Moravia.[34][146] Widukind of Corvey and Liutprand of Cremona condemned the Frankish monarch for destroying the defense lines built along the empire's borders, because this also enabled the Hungarians to attack East Francia within a decade.[147] - Meanwhile Arnulf…could not overcome Sviatopolk, duke of the Moravians…and – alas! – having dismantled those very well fortified barriers which…are called ""closures"" by the populace. Arnulf summoned to his aid the nation of the Hungarians, greedy, rash, ignorant of almighty God but well versed in every crime, avid only for murder and plunder. A late source,[149] Aventinus adds that Kurszán (Cusala), ""king of the Hungarians"" stipulated that his people would only fight the Moravians if they received the lands they were to occupy.[146] Accordingly, Aventinus continues, the Hungarians took possession of ""both Dacias on this side and beyond"" the Tisza east of the rivers Danube and Garam already in 893.[146] Indeed, the Hungarian chronicles unanimously state that the Székelys had already been present in the Carpathian Basin when the Hungarians moved in.[150] Kristó argues that Aventinus and the Hungarian historical tradition together point to an early occupation of the eastern territories of the Carpathian Basin by auxiliary troops of the Hungarian tribal confederation.[150] - The Annals of Fulda narrated in 894 that the Hungarians crossed the Danube into Pannonia where they ""killed men and old women outright and carried off the young women alone with them like cattle to satisfy their lusts and reduced the whole"" province ""to desert"".[151][152] Although the annalist writes of this Hungarian attack after the passage narrating Svatopluk I's death,[151] Györffy, Kristó,[153] Róna-Tas[154] and other historians suppose that the Hungarians invaded Pannonia in alliance with the Moravian monarch.[155] They argue that the ""Legend of the White Horse"" in the Hungarian chronicles preserved the memory of a treaty the Hungarians had made with Svatopluk I according to pagan customs.[156] The legend narrates that the Hungarians purchased their future homeland in the Carpathian Basin from Svatopluk for a white horse harnessed with gilded saddle and reins.[153] - Then [Kusid] came to the leader of the region who reigned after Attila and whose name was Zuatapolug, and saluted him in the name of his people [...]. On hearing this, Zuatapolug rejoiced greatly, for he thought that they were peasant people who would come and till his land; and so he dismissed the messenger graciously. [...] Then by a common resolve [the Hungarians] despatched the same messenger again to the said leader and sent to him for his land a big horse with a golden saddle adorned with the gold of Arabia and a golden bridle. Seeing it, the leader rejoiced all the more, thinking that they were sending gifts of homage in return for land. When therefore the messenger asked of him land, grass and water, he replied with a smile, ""In return for the gift let them have as much as they desire."" ...Then [the Hungarians] sent another messenger to the leader and this was the message which he delivered: ""Arpad and his people say to you that you may no longer stay upon the land which they bought of you, for with the horse they bought your earth, with the bridle the grass, and with the saddle the water. And you, in your need and avarice, made to them a grant of land, grass and water."" When this message was delivered to the leader, he said with a smile: ""Let them kill the horse with a wooden mallet, and throw the bridle on the field, and throw the golden saddle into the water of the Danube."" To which the messenger replied: ""And what loss will that be to them, lord? If you kill the horse, you will give food for their dogs; if you throw the bridle on the field, their men will find the gold of the bridle when they mow the hay; if you throw the saddle into the Danube, their fishermen will lay out the gold of the saddle upon the bank and carry it home. If they have earth, grass and water, they have all."" Ismail Ibn Ahmed, the emir of Khorasan, raided ""the land of the Turks""[158] (the Karluks) in 893. Later he caused a new movement of peoples who one by one invaded the lands of their western neighbors in the Eurasian Steppe.[159][160] Al-Masudi clearly connects the westward movement of the Pechenegs and the Hungarians to previous fights between the Karluks, Ouzes and Kimeks.[161] Porphyrogenitus writes of a joint attack by the Khazars and Ouzes that compelled the Pechenegs to cross the Volga River sometime between 893 and 902[162] (most probably around 894).[160] - Originally, the Pechenegs had their dwelling on the river [Volga] and likewise on the river [Ural] (…). But fifty years ago the so-called Uzes made common cause with the Chazars and joined battle with the Pechenegs and prevailed over them and expelled them from their country (…). The relationship between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire sharpened in 894, because Emperor Leo the Wise forced the Bulgarian merchants to leave Constantinople and settle in Thessaloniki.[164] Subsequently, Tzar Simeon I of Bulgaria invaded Byzantine territories[165] and defeated a small imperial troop.[166] The Byzantines approached the Hungarians to hire them to fight the Bulgarians.[165] Nicetas Sclerus, the Byzantine envoy, concluded a treaty with their leaders, Árpád and Kurszán (Kusan),[167] and Byzantine ships transferred Hungarian warriors across the Lower Danube.[165] The Hungarians invaded Bulgaria, forced Tzar Simeon to flee to the fortress of Dristra (now Silistra, Bulgaria) and plundered Preslav.[166] An interpolation in Porphyrogenitus's work states that the Hungarians had a prince named ""Liountikas, son of Arpad""[104] at that time, which suggests that he was the commander of the army, but he might have been mentioned in the war context by chance.[168] - Simultaneously with the Hungarian attack from the north, the Byzantines invaded Bulgaria from the south. Tzar Simeon sent envoys to the Byzantine Empire to propose a truce. At the same time, he sent an embassy to the Pechenegs to incite them against the Hungarians.[166] He succeeded, and the Pechenegs broke into Hungarian territories from the east, forcing the Hungarian warriors to withdraw from Bulgaria.[169] The Bulgarians, according to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, attacked and routed the Hungarians.[165][170] - The Pechenegs destroyed the Hungarians' dwelling places.[165] Those who survived the double attack left the Pontic steppes and crossed the Carpathians in search of a new homeland.[165] The memory of the destruction brought by the Pechenegs seems to have been preserved by the Hungarians.[171] The Hungarian name of the Pechenegs (besenyő) corresponds to the old Hungarian word for eagle (bese). Thus the 14th-century Hungarian chronicles' story of eagles compelling the Hungarians' ancestors to cross the Carpathians most probably refers to the Pechenegs' attack.[171] - The Hungarians were (…) driven from their home (…) by a neighboring people called the Petchenegs, because they were superior to them in strength and number and because (…) their own country was not sufficient to accommodate their swelling numbers. After they had been forced to flee by the violence of the Petchenegs, they said goodbye to their homeland and set out to look for lands where they could live and establish settlements. [At] the invitation of Leo, the Christ-loving and glorious emperor [the Hungarians] crossed over and fought Symeon and totally defeated him, (…) and they went back to their own county. (…) But after Symeon (…) sent to the Pechenegs and made an agreement with them to attack and destroy [the Hungarians] And when [the latter] had gone off on a military expedition, the Pechenegs with Symeon came against [them] and completely destroyed their families and miserably expelled thence [those] who were guarding their country. When [the Hungarians] came back and found their country thus desolate and utterly ruined, they settled in the land where they live today (…). Passing through the kingdom of the Bessi and the Cumani Albi and Susdalia and the city named Kyo, they crossed the mountains and came into a region where they saw innumerable eagles; and because of the eagles they could not stay in that place, for the eagles came down from the trees like flies and devoured both their herds and their horses. For God intended that they should go down more quickly into Hungary. During three months they made their descent from the mountains, and they came to the boundaries of the kingdom of Hungary, that is to Erdelw [...]. The date of the Hungarian invasion varies according to the source.[174] The earliest date (677) is preserved in the 14th-century versions of the ""Hungarian Chronicle"", while Anonymus gives the latest date (902).[175] Contemporaneous sources suggest that the invasion followed the 894 Bulgarian-Byzantine war.[176] The route taken across the Carpathians is also contested.[177][2] Anonymus and Simon of Kéza have the invading Hungarians crossing the northeastern passes, while the Illuminated Chronicle writes of their arrival in Transylvania.[178] - Regino of Prüm states that the Hungarians ""roamed the wildernesses of the Pannonians and the Avars and sought their daily food by hunting and fishing""[47] following their arrival in the Carpathian Basin.[179] Their advance towards the Danube seems to have stimulated Arnulf, who was crowned emperor to entrust Braslav (the ruler of the region between the rivers Drava and Sava)[180] with the defense of all Pannonia in 896.[181] In 897 or 898 a civil war broke out between Mojmir II and Svatopluk II (two sons of the late Moravian ruler, Svatopluk I), in which Emperor Arnulf also intervened.[182][183][184] There is no mention of the Hungarians' activities in those years.[185] - The next event recorded in connection with the Hungarians is their raid against Italy in 899 and 900.[186] The letter of Archbishop Theotmar of Salzburg and his suffragans suggests that Emperor Arnulf incited them to attack King Berengar I of Italy.[187] They routed the Italian troops on 2 September at the river Brenta in a great battle[188] and plundered the region of Vercelli and Modena in the winter,[189] but the doge of Venice, Pietro Tribuno, defeated them at Venice on 29 June 900.[187] They returned from Italy when they learned of the death of Emperor Arnulf at the end of 899.[190] - According to Anonymous, the Hungarians fought with Menumorut before conquering Gelou's Transylvania.[191][192] Subsequently, the Hungarians turned against Salan,[193] the ruler of the central territories, according to this narrative.[194] In contrast with Anonymus, Simon of Kéza writes of the Hungarians' fight with Svatopluk following their arrival.[2] According to the Illuminated Chronicle, the Hungarians ""remained quietly in Erdelw and rested their herds""[195] there after their crossing because of an attack by eagles.[2] - The Hungarian chronicles preserved two separate lists of the Hungarians' leaders at the time of the conquest.[196] Anonymus mentions Álmos, Előd, Künd, Ónd, Tas, Huba and Tétény,[197] while Simon of Kéza and the Illuminated Chronicle list Árpád, Szabolcs, Gyula, Örs, Künd, Lél and Vérbulcsú.[196][198] Contemporaneous or nearly contemporaneous sources make mention of Álmos (Constantine Porphyrogenitus), of Árpád (Continuation of the Chronicle by George the Monk and Constantine Porphyrogenitus), of Liountikas (Constantine Porphyrogenitus) and of Kurszán (Continuation of the Chronicle by George the Monk).[199] - According to the Illuminated Chronicle, Álmos, Árpád's father ""could not enter Pannonia, for he was killed in Erdelw"".[195][2] The episode implies that Álmos was the kende, the sacred ruler of the Hungarians, at the time of their destruction by the Pechenegs, which caused his sacrifice.[200] If his death was in fact the consequence of a ritual murder, his fate was similar to that of the Khazar khagans who were executed, according to Ibn Fadlan and al-Masudi, in the case of disasters affecting their whole people.[2] - The death of Arnulf released the Hungarians from their alliance with East Francia.[189] On their way back from Italy they expanded their rule over Pannonia.[201] According to Liutprand of Cremona, the Hungarians ""claimed for themselves the nation of the Moravians, which King Arnulf had subdued with the aid of their might""[202] at the coronation of Arnulf's son, Louis the Child in 900.[203] The Annals of Grado relates that the Hungarians defeated the Moravians after their withdrawal from Italy.[204] Thereafter the Hungarians and the Moravians made an alliance and jointly invaded Bavaria, according to Aventinus.[205] However, the contemporary Annals of Fulda only refers to Hungarians reaching the river Enns.[206] - One of the Hungarian contingents crossed the Danube and plundered the territories on the river's north bank, but Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria gathered troops and routed them between Passau and Krems an der Donau[207] on 20 November 900.[205] He had a strong fortress erected against them on the Enns.[208] Nevertheless, the Hungarians became the masters of the Carpathian Basin by the occupation of Pannonia.[205] The Russian Primary Chronicle may also reflect the memory of this event when relating how the Hungarians expelled the ""Volokhi"" or ""Volkhi"" who had earlier subjugated the Slavs' homeland in Pannonia, according to scholars who identify the Volokhi and Volkhi as Franks.[203][209] Other historians associate them either with Vlachs (Romanians),[210] or with ancient Romans.[211][209] - Over a long period the Slavs settled beside the Danube, where the Hungarian and Bulgarian lands now lie. From among these Slavs, parties scattered throughout the country and were known by appropriate names, according to the places where they settled. (...) [T]he [Volkhi][212] attacked the Danubian Slavs, settled among them, and did them violence... The Magyars passed by Kiev over the hill now called Hungarian and on arriving at the Dnieper, they pitched camp. They were nomads like the Polovcians. Coming out of the east, they struggled across the great mountains and began to fight against the neighboring [Volokhi][213] and Slavs. For the Slavs had settled there first, but the [Volokhi][213] had seized the territory of the Slavs. The Magyars subsequently expelled the [Volkhi],[213] took their land and settled among the Slavs, whom they reduced to submission. From that time the territory was called Hungarian. King Louis the Child held a meeting at Regensburg in 901 to introduce further measures against the Hungarians.[208] Moravian envoys proposed peace between Moravia and East Francia, because the Hungarians had in the meantime plundered their country.[208] A Hungarian army invading Carinthia was defeated[215] in April 901, and Aventinus describes a defeat of the Hungarians by Margrave Luitpold at the river Fischa in the same year.[216] - The date when Moravia ceased to exist is uncertain, because there is no clear evidence either of the ""existence of Moravia as a state"" after 902 (Spinei) or of its fall.[201] A short note in the Annales Alamannici refers to a ""war with the Hungarians in Moravia"" in 902, during which the ""land (patria) succumbed"", but this text is ambiguous.[217] Alternatively, the so-called Raffelstetten Customs Regulations mentions the ""markets of the Moravians"" around 905.[183] The Life of Saint Naum relates that the Hungarians occupied Moravia, adding that the Moravians who ""were not captured by the Hungarians, ran to the Bulgars"". Constantine Porphyrogenitus also connects the fall of Moravia to its occupation by the Hungarians.[218] The destruction of the early medieval urban centers and fortresses at Szepestamásfalva (Spišské Tomášovce), Dévény and other places in modern Slovakia is dated to the period around 900.[219] - After the death of (...) [Svatopluk I, his sons] remained at peace for a year and then strife and rebellion fell upon them and they made a civil war against one another and the [Hungarians] came and utterly ruined them and possessed their country, in which even now [the Hungarians] live. And those of the folk who were left were scattered and fled for refuge to the adjacent nations, to the Bulgarians and [Hungarians] and Croats and to the rest of the nations. According to Anonymus, who does not write of Moravia, the Hungarians invaded the region of Nyitra (Nitra, Slovakia) and defeated and killed Zobor, the local Czech ruler, on Mount Zobor near his seat.[221] Thereafter, as Anonymus continues, the Hungarians first occupied Pannonia from the ""Romans"" and next battled with Glad and his army, which was composed of Bulgarians, Vlachs and Pechenegs from Banat.[56] Glad ceded few towns from his duchy.[222] Finally, Anonymus writes of a treaty between the Hungarians and Menumorut,[193] stipulating that the local ruler's daughter was to be given in marriage to Árpád's son, Zolta.[223] Macartney[224] argues that Anonymus's narration of both Menumorut and of Glad is basically a transcription of a much later report of the early 11th-century Achtum, Glad's alleged descendant.[225] In contrast, for instance, Madgearu maintains that Galad, Kladova, Gladeš and other place names recorded in Banat in the 14th century and 16th century attest to the memory of a local ruler named Glad.[226] - [The Hungarians] reached the region of Bega, and stayed there for two weeks while they conquered all the inhabitants of that land from the Mures to the Timis River and they received their sons as hostages. Then, moving the army on, they came to the Timis River and encamped beside the ford of Foeni and when they sought to cross the Timis's flow, there came to oppose them Glad, (...) the prince of that country, with a great army of horsemen and foot soldiers, supported by Cumans, Bulgarians and Vlachs. (...) God with His grace went before the Hungarians, He gave them a great victory and their enemies fell before them as bundles of hay before reapers. In that battle two dukes of the Cumans and three kneses of the Bulgarians were slain and Glad, their duke escaped in flight but all his army, melting like wax before flame, was destroyed at the point of the sword. (...) Prince Glad, having fled, as we said above, for fear of the Hungarians, entered the castle of Kovin. (...) [He] sent to seek peace with [the Hungarians] and of his own will delivered up the castle with diverse gifts. An important event following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin, the Bavarians' murder of Kurszán, was recorded by the longer version of the Annals of Saint Gall, the Annales Alamannici and the Annals of Einsiedeln.[228] The first places the event in 902, while the others date it to 904.[228][229] The three chronicles unanimously state that the Bavarians invited the Hungarian leader to a dinner on the pretext of negotiating a peace treaty and treacherously assassinated him.[230] Kristó and other Hungarian historians argue that the dual leadership over the Hungarians ended with Kurszán's death.[231][232] - The Hungarians invaded Italy using the so-called ""Route of the Hungarians"" (Strada Ungarorum), leading from Pannonia to Lombardy, in 904.[233] They arrived as King Berengar I's allies[229] against his rival, King Louis of Provance. The Hungarians devastated the territories occupied earlier by King Louis along the river Po, which ensured Berengar's victory. The victorious monarch allowed the Hungarians to pillage all the towns that had earlier accepted his opponent's rule,[233] and agreed to pay a yearly tribute of about 375 kilograms (827 lb) of silver.[229] - The longer version of the Annals of Saint Gall reports that Archbishop Theotmar of Salzburg fell, along with Bishops Uto of Freising and Zachary of Säben, in a ""disastrous battle"" fought against the Hungarians at Brezalauspurc on 4 July 907.[234] Other contemporary sources[clarification needed] add that Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and 19 Bavarian counts[229] also died in the battle.[234] Most historians (including Engel,[188] Makkai,[235] and Spinei) identify Brezalauspurc with Pressburg (Bratislava, Slovakia), but some researchers (for instance Boba and Bowlus) argue that it can refer to Mosaburg, Braslav's fortress on the Zala in Pannonia.[236][237] The Hungarians' victory hindered any attempts of eastward expansion by East Francia for the following decades[236] and opened the way for the Hungarians to freely plunder vast territories of that kingdom.[188] - The Hungarians settled in the lowlands of the Carpathian Basin along the rivers Danube, Tisza and their tributaries,[238] where they could continue their semi-nomadic lifestyle.[239] As an immediate consequence, their arrival ""drove a non-Slavic wedge between the West Slavs and South Slavs.""[169] Fine argues that the Hungarians' departure from the western regions of the Pontic steppes weakened their former allies, the Khazars, which contributed to the collapse of the Khazar Empire.[169] - Some decades after the Hungarian conquest, a new synthesis of earlier cultures, the ""Bijelo Brdo culture"" spread in all over the Carpathian Basin, with its characteristic jewellery, including S-shaped earrings.[240][241] The lack of archaeological finds connected to horses in ""Bijelo Brdo"" graves is another feature of these cemeteries.[242] The earliest ""Bijelo Brdo"" assemblages are dated via unearthed coins to the rule of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in the middle of the 10th century.[243] Early cemeteries of the culture were unearthed, for instance, at Beremend and Csongrád in Hungary, at Devín and Bešenovo in Slovakia, at Pilu and Moldoveneşti in Romania and at Vukovar and Kloštar Podravski in Croatia.[244] - Hungarian society experienced fundamental changes in many fields (including animal husbandry, agriculture and religion) in the centuries following the ""land-taking"". These changes are reflected in the significant number of terms borrowed from local Slavs.[246][247] About 20% of the Hungarian vocabulary is of Slavic origin,[242] including the Hungarian words for sheep-pen (akol), yoke (iga) and horseshoe (patkó).[245] Similarly, the Hungarian name of vegetables, fruits and other cultivated plants, as well as many Hungarian terms connected to agriculture are Slavic loanwords, including káposzta (""cabbage""), szilva (""plum""), zab (""oats""), széna (""hay"") and kasza (""scythe"").[245][247][248] - The Hungarians left wide marches (the so-called gyepű) in the borderlands of their new homeland uninhabited for defensive purposes.[249] In this easternmost territory of the Carpathian Basin, the earliest graves attributed to Hungarian warriors—for instance, at Sic, Turda and Ocna Sibiului—are concentrated around the Transylvanian salt mines in the valley of the rivers Someșul Mic and Mureş.[250] All the same, warriors were also stationed in outposts east of the Carpathians, as suggested by 10th-century graves unearthed at Krylos, Przemyśl, Sudova Vyshnia, Grozeşti, Probota and Tei.[251] The Hungarians' fear of their eastern neighbors, the Pechenegs, is demonstrated by Porphyrogenitus's report on the failure of a Byzantine envoy to persuade them to attack the Pechenegs.[252] The Hungarians clearly stated that they could not fight against the Pechenegs because ""their people are numerous and they are the devil's brats"".[252][253] - Instead of attacking the Pechenegs and the Bulgarians in the east, the Hungarians made several raids into Western Europe.[235] For instance, they plundered Thuringia and Saxony in 908, Bavaria and Swabia in 909 and 910 and Swabia, Lorraine and West Francia in 912.[236] Although a Byzantine hagiography of Saint George refers to a joint attack of Pechenegs, ""Moesians"" and Hungarians against the Byzantine Empire in 917, its reliability is not established.[254] The Hungarians seem to have raided the Byzantine Empire for the first time in 943.[255] However, their defeat in the battle of Lechfeld in 955 ""put an end to the raids in the West"" (Kontler), while they stopped plundering the Byzantines following their defeat in the battle of Arkadiopolis in 970.[256] - The Hungarian leaders decided that their traditional lifestyle, partly based on plundering raids against sedentary peoples, could not be continued.[99] The defeats at the Lechfeld and Arkadiopolis accelerated the Hungarians' adoption of a sedentary way of life.[256] This process culminated in the coronation of the head of the Hungarians, Stephen the first king of Hungary in 1000 and 1001.[257] - Byzantine authors were the first to record these events.[258] The earliest work is Emperor Leo the Wise's Tactics, finished around 904, which recounts the Bulgarian-Byzantine war of 894–896, a military conflict directly preceding the Hungarians' departure from the Pontic steppes.[259] Nearly contemporary narration[258] can be read in the Continuation of the Chronicle by George the Monk.[260] However, De Administrando Imperio (""On Governing the Empire"") provides the most detailed account.[261] It was compiled under the auspices of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in 951 or 952.[262] - Works written by clergymen in the successor states of the Carolingian Empire narrate events closely connected to the conquest.[258] The Annals of Fulda which ends in 901 is the earliest among them.[263] A letter from Archbishop Theotmar of Salzburg to Pope John IX in 900 also refers to the conquering Hungarians, but it is often regarded as a fake document.[264] Abbot Regino of Prüm who compiled his World Chronicle around 908,[265] sums up his knowledge on the Hungarians in a sole entry under ""the year 889"".[264] Another valuable source is Bishop Liutprand of Cremona's Antapodosis (""Retribution"") from around 960.[179][266] Aventinus, a 16th-century historian, provides information that is not known by the other works[267] which suggests that he used now-lost sources.[267][268] However, his work is not considered to be a reliable source.[149] - An Old Church Slavonic compilation of Lives of saints preserved an eyewitness account on the Bulgarian-Byzantine war of 894–896.[269][270] The first[218] Life of Saint Naum, written around 924, contains nearly contemporary information on the fall of the Great Moravia caused by Hungarian invasions, although its earliest extant copy is from the 15th century.[270] Similarly late manuscripts (the oldest of which was written in the 14th century) offer the text of the Russian Primary Chronicle, a historical work completed in 1113.[271] It provides information based on earlier Byzantine and Moravian[272] sources.[271] - The Hungarians initially preserved the memory of the major events in ""the form of folk songs and ballads"", according to C.A. Macartney.[273] The earliest local chronicle was compiled in the late 11th century.[274] It exists in more than one variant, its original version having been extended and rewritten several times during the Middle Ages.[275][276] For instance, the 14th-century Illuminated Chronicle contains texts from the 11th-century chronicle.[275][277] - An anonymous author's Gesta Hungarorum (""Deeds of the Hungarians""), written before 1200,[278] is the earliest extant local chronicle.[277][279] However, according to Macartney, this ""most misleading"" example ""of all the early Hungarian texts"" contains much information that cannot be confirmed based on the contemporaneous sources.[280] Around 1283 Simon of Kéza, a priest at the Hungarian royal court, wrote the next surviving chronicle.[277] He claims that the Hungarians were closely related to the Huns, earlier conquerors of the Carpathian Basin that emigrated from the Asian steppes.[281] Accordingly, in his narration, the Hungarian invasion is in fact a second conquest of the same territory by the same people.[277] - Graves of the first generations of the conquering Hungarians were identified in the Carpathian Basin, but fewer than ten definitively Hungarian cemeteries have been unearthed in the Pontic steppes.[282] Most Hungarian cemeteries include 25 or 30 inhumation graves, but isolated burials were common.[283][284] Adult males (and sometimes women and children)[285] were buried together with either parts of their horses or with harness and other objects symbolizing a horse.[51][286] The graves also yielded decorated silver belts, sabretaches furnished with metal plates, pear-shaped stirrups and other metal works.[287] Many of these objects had close analogues in the contemporaneous archaeological cultures (e.g. Kushnarenkovo culture) from Cis-Ural and Trans-Ural region,[288] and multiethnic ""Saltovo-Mayaki culture""[285] of the Pontic steppes.[289] Most cemeteries from the 9th and 10th centuries are concentrated in the Upper Tisza region and in the plains along the rivers Rába and Vág,[290] but early small cemeteries were also unearthed at Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca), Marosgombás (Aiud) and other Transylvanian sites.[291] - A genetic study published in the Annals of Human Genetics in March 2008 analyzed 4 samples from the 10th century, and two carried North Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroup N1a1-Tat (""previously called Tat or N1c"", M46).[292] A 2009 study also examined mtDNA variation in 31 ancient horses from the Pannonian Basin, 17 from Avar and 14 from Hungarian conquest period, and ""Avar sequences were genetically heterogeneous, closely related to Eastern breeds including the north Russian Tuva and Vyatskaya groups ... by contrast, the early Hungarian horses showed a relatively close relationship with the Akhal-Teke and Norwegian Ffjord breeds [and] at least at the level of high quality horses, our results show that the ethnic changes induced by the Hungarian Conquest in the late 9th century were accompanied by a similar change in the stables of the Carpathian Basin"".[293] A 2011 study on lactase persistence polymorphism of 23 elite and commoner samples from the 10-11th century found that their low prevalence of lactase persistence ""corresponds well with those of present-day populations of the Uralic linguistic family, such as the Khantys, Mansis and Maris, and certain Central-Asian and Turkish populations"" and ""additional mtDNA testing identified six major mtDNA haplogroups (H, U, T, N1a, JT, X) among Hungarian conquerors, six among commoners from the time of the conquest (H, HV, M, R, T, U)"", including those of Asian origin (like N, M and U4).[294] - A comprehensive archaeogenetic study published in Scientific Reports in September 2016 examined mtDNA of 76 Hungarian-conquest period samples, and ""West-Eurasian haplogroups (H, HV, I, J, K, N1a, R, T, U, V, X, W) were present at a frequency of 77%, and Central and East-Eurasian haplogroups (A, B, C, D, F, G, M) at 23%"". In conclusion, ""both the linguistically recorded Finno-Ugric roots and historically documented Turkic and Central Asian influxes had possible genetic imprints in the conquerors' genetic composition"".[295] In the same year, Molecular Genetics and Genomics was published, a study of 17 samples of first generation Hungarian conqueror cemeteries, revealing that ""the most frequent [mtDNA] Hg was B, which together with Hg A indicate that about 30% of the Karos population is genetically connected to Central and East Asia. The majority of Hg-s (H, U, T, J, X) are of Eurasian origin, however, it is remarkable that two individuals belong to subhaplogroup -H6, which may also indicate Asian connection ... The single X2f maternal haplotype of the chief (sample 11) is of particular interest, as this haplotype is most probably of south Caucasian origin..."", while only four had a Y-DNA Hg (typical European 2x I2a and R1b).[296] A genetic study published in PLOS One in October 2018 examined the mtDNA of individuals from 10th-century graves associated with the Hungarian conquerors of the Basin. The majority of their maternal lineages were traced back to the Potapovka, Srubnaya and Poltavka cultures of the Pontic–Caspian steppe, while one-third of their maternal lineages could be traced back to Inner Asia, probably being derived from Asian Scythians and the Xiongnu (Asian Huns). The mtDNA of the conquerors was found to be most closely related to the Onoğur-Bulgar ancestors of the Volga Tatars. The conquerors did not display significant genetic relations to speakers of other Finno-Ugric languages. The evidence implied that the conquerors did not contribute significantly to the gene pool of modern Hungarians.[297] A 2021 study analyzed maternal lineages from 202 10-11th century commoners from Carpathian Basin and compared them to conqueror elite, finding that ""the haplogroup composition of the commoner population markedly differs from that of the elite, and, in contrast to the elite, commoners cluster with European populations. Alongside this, detectable sub-haplogroup sharing indicates admixture between the elite and the commoners. The majority of the 10–11th century commoners most likely represent local populations of the Carpathian Basin, which admixed with the eastern immigrant groups (which included conquering Hungarians)"".[298] - A genetic study published in Scientific Reports in November 2019 examined the remains of 29 Hungarian conquerors of the Carpathian Basin. The majority of them carried Y-DNA of West Eurasian origin, but at least 30% of East Eurasian & broadly Eurasian (N1a-M2004, N1a-Z1936, Q1a and R1a-Z2124). They carried a higher amount of West Eurasian paternal ancestry than West Eurasian maternal ancestry. Among modern populations, their paternal ancestry was the most similar to Bashkirs. Haplogroup I2a1a2b was observed among several conquerors of particularly high rank. This haplogroup is of European origin and is today particularly common among South Slavs. A wide variety of phenotypes were observed, with several individuals having blond hair and blue eyes, and some had East Asian admixture. The study also analyzed three Hunnic samples from the Carpathian Basin in the 5th century, and these displayed genetic similarities to the conquerors. The Hungarian conquerors appeared to be a recently assembled heterogenous group incorporating both European, Asian and Eurasian elements.[299] In the same year the journal published an analysis of N3a4-Z1936 which is still found in very rare frequencies in modern Hungarians, and showed that Hungarian ""sub-clade [N-B539/Y13850] splits from its sister-branch N3a4-B535, frequent today among Northeast European Uralic speakers, 4000-5000 ya, which is in the time-frame of the proposed divergence of Ugric languages"", while on N-B539/Y13850+ sub-clade level confirmed shared paternal lineages with modern Ugric (Mansis and Khantys via N-B540/L1034) and Turkic speakers (Bashkirs and Volga Tatars via N-B540/L1034 and N-B545/Y24365).[300] - A genetic study published in the Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences in January 2020 examined the remains of 19 male Hungarian conquerors. These conquerors were found to be carriers of a diverse set of haplogroups, and displayed genetic links to Turkic peoples, Finnic peoples and Slavs. More than 37% of them carried types of haplogroup N3a-L708 (mainly N3a4-Z1936, N3a4-Z1936 > Y13850, N3a4-Z1936 > Y13850 > L1034; less N3a2-M2118, present in Yakuts). This evidence suggested that the conquerors were of Ob-Ugric descent and spoke a Ugric language.[301] A 2020 archaeogenetic and archaeological study published in Scientific Reports of 36 samples from Cis-Ural region and 9 Hungarian conquerors confirmed connection of paternal Hg N-Z1936 (> N-B545/Y24365) and maternal Hg N1a1 via common ancient population in addition to archaeological, historical and linguistic sources, implying the Hungarian homeland was ""probably in the southern Trans-Ural region, where the Kushnarenkovo culture was disseminated [where] Lomovatovo and Nevolino cultures are archaeologically related to ancient Hungarians"".[288] - A genetic study published in the European Journal of Human Genetics in July 2020 examined the skeletal remains of Árpád dynasty descendant and King Béla III of Hungary and unknown Árpád member named as ""II/52"" / ""HU52"" from the Royal Basilica of Székesfehérvár. It was established that the male lineage of the Árpáds belonged to the Y-haplogroup R1a subclade R-Z2125 > R-Z2123 > R-Y2632 > R-Y2633 > R-SUR51. The subclade was also found in nearest contemporary matches of 48 Bashkirs from the Burzyansky and Abzelilovsky districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the Volga-Ural region, and 1 individual from the region of Vojvodina, Serbia. The Árpád members and one individual from Serbia share additional private SNPs making a novel subclade R-SUR51 > R-ARP, and as the mentioned individual has additional private SNPs it branches from the medieval Árpáds forming R-ARP > R-UVD. Based on the data of the distribution, appearance and coalescence estimation of R-Y2633, the dynasty traces ancient origin near northern Afghanistan about 4,500 years ago, with a separation date of R-ARP from the closest kin Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region to 2,000 years ago, while the individual from Serbia (R-UVD) descends from the Árpáds about 900 years ago. As the separation of haplogroup N-B539 between the Hungarians and Bashkirs is estimated to have occurred 2,000 years ago, it implies that the ancestors of Hungarians having Ugric and Turkic ancestry left the Volga Ural region about 2,000 years ago, and started a migration that eventually culminated in settlement in the Carpathian Basin.[302] - An archaeogenetic study published in scientific journal Current Biology in May 2022 examined ""48 from 10th century Conquering Hungarian elite cemeteries, 65 from commoner cemeteries of the Hungarian conquer-early Árpádian Period (10-11th centuries)"". According to autosomal analysis, the Hungarian elite core can be modeled as ~50% Mansi-like, ~35% Sarmatian-like, and ~15% Hun/Xiongnu-like, and the Mansi-Sarmatian admixture event is suggested to have taken place in the Southern Ural region at 643–431 BCE, while Mansi-Hun around 217-315 CE. However, most individuals can be modeled as two-way admixtures of ""Conq_Asia_Core"" and ""Eur_Core"". The elite males carried, among others, East Eurasian Y-DNA haplogroups N1a, D1a, C2a, with Q1a and R1a-Z94 being sign of Hun-related ancestry, ""generally accompanied by Asian maternal lineages"". Notably, almost exclusively in the elite were present I2-Y3120 subclades, ""very often accompanied by Asian maternal lineages, indicating that I2a1a2b1a1a could be more typical for the immigrants than to the local population"". The study also showed ""that a common 'proto-Ugric' gene pool appeared in the Bronze Age from the admixture of Mezhovskaya and Nganasan people, supporting genetic and linguistic data"".[303] - Another study published in 2022, taking into account the genetic data originating from ancient proto-Ob-Ugric people from Western Siberia (6th–13th century), the pre-Conquest period and subsisting Hungarians from the Volga-Ural region (6th–14th century) and their neighbours, emphasises the connection of Hungarian Conquerors with Iron Age Sargat culture. The earliest traces of their ancestors' settlements can be found in the territory bordered by the Rivers Tobol, Irtysh and Ishim in the Trans-Urals and the western zone of south-western Siberia from where they crossed the River Volga and moved to the territory lying to the north of the Black Sea, at the beginning of the 9th century. According to the study there was ""little or no biological connection between the ancestors of Hungarians and proto-Ob-Ugric groups in Western Siberia, despite their close geographical proximity for 1500–2000 years after their split estimated by linguistic models and chronology."" and that ""In the Carpathian Basin, the new settlers and the local population started admixing only in the second half of the 10th century"". The study also concludes that man and women came together in the Carpathian Basin with some maternal lineages originating in the east also surviving in the area. The main paternal lineages of the Hungarian conquerors belong to the haplogroup N, at a total of 36.8%, with variable amounts (from 6.1% to 1%) still found in the modern Hungarian population.[304] - The most famous perpetuation of the events is the Arrival of the Hungarians or Feszty Panorama which is a large cyclorama (a circular panoramic painting) by Hungarian painter Árpád Feszty and his assistants. It was completed in 1894 for the 1,000th anniversary of the event.[305] Since the 1,100th anniversary of the event in 1995, the painting has been displayed in the Ópusztaszer National Heritage Park, Hungary. Mihály Munkácsy also depicted the event under the name of Conquest for the Hungarian Parliament Building in 1893.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 17:46:42 -List of ancient Greek and Roman monoliths - Wikipedia," - This is a list of ancient monoliths found in all types of Greek and Roman buildings. - It contains monoliths - Transporting was done by land or water (or a combination of both), in the later case often by special-built ships such as obelisk carriers.[1] For lifting operations, ancient cranes were employed since ca. 515 BC,[2] such as in the construction of Trajan's Column.[3] - It should be stressed that all numbers are estimations since only in the rarest cases have monoliths been actually weighed. Rather, weight is calculated by multiplying volume by density. The main source, J. J. Coulton, assumes 2.75 t/m3 for marble and 2.25 t/m3 for other stone.[4] For an explanation of the large margin of error, which often leads to widely differing numbers, see these introductory remarks. - Below a selection of Greek monoliths sorted by their date. - Below a selection of Roman monoliths sorted by their date; the list also includes work on Greek temples which was continued into the Roman era. - Colossos of Apollona (~69 t) - Huge doric capital, Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento -",2023-08-26 17:46:46 -Love's Kitchen - Wikipedia," - Love's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens.[1] It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes. - After his wife is killed in a car accident caused by her unsafe habit of using her mobile while driving, chef Rob Haley (Dougray Scott) is left grief-stricken. He loses his passion for his work. - Once a coveted chef, a particularly bad review causes him to lose customers at his once successful restaurant. His friend Gordon Ramsay (himself) comes looking for him after seeing it, convincing him to pull himself out of his funk. - Rob buys the pub his wife meant for their restaurant three years ago, and he relocates to the countryside with his daughter Michelle and some loyal members of his staff (Loz, -Ingo and Shauna). They plan to turn a local pub into a gastropub. - When Rob first visits the pub, an American woman rudely and dangerously overtakes him on the way. Then, as the crew are doing a little renovating, local homeowner Livingston and James Forester pass by, both slightly threatening, both mentioning Kate. - On the opening day of the restaurant, American food critic Kate Templeton (Claire Forlani) arrives, narrowly missing Michelle with her jeep, resulting in an argument with Rob. By way of apology, Rob offers her lunch, under the condition that she not write a review. - Rob begrudgingly gives Kate the OK to write the review, and before they know it the pub is fully booked for days. She stops by, and when she asks about the scalding review he has tacked on the wall, he explains it's what motivated him to get back into his cooking. - After Rob and Kate almost kiss, he gets motivated to say farewell to Françoise, watching the sunset and dispersing her ashes with a glass of red wine. Shortly thereafter, he and Kate finally connect intimately, as do Loz and Shauna. - Renowned food critic Guy Witherspoon (Simon Callow) on TV for Food for Thought shows up, offering to put him on the show, which his staff talk him into. - Some of the locals are content with the visitors that the restaurant is bringing to the area, whilst others like Kate's father want it closed down. He enlists Forester to get the restaurant shut down by the health inspector using rats. When Forester goes out of his way to deliver the notice, he tells Rob to stay away from Kate, giving him her panties as proof and discloses it was Kate who wrote the article that shut down his other restaurant. - Confronting Kate, Rob tells her to get out. A day passes, and Guys camera arrive to shoot his show. Having forgotten, he quickly assembles his crew and they assess their options. At first leaving Ingo in charge because of the hearing, Rob blows it off to prepare for Guy's program. Unbeknownst to him, Kate goes to speak for her father, withdrawing his complaints and for Rob, saying the others were completely fabricated. - Guy's visit results in an excellent report and ongoing success for the restaurant under Rob and Kate, who reconcile. - The film was based on the story of pub owner John Hailey, on whom the character of Rob Haley was based. The character of Kate Templeton was a play on words based on the fact that the pub it was based on was a local for Kate Middleton, later Duchess of Cambridge.[2] The script was written by James Hacking, who went on to direct the film, marking it as his first full-length feature. Hacking also provided funding for the film himself.[3] Dougray Scott and Claire Forlani were cast opposite each other, although in real life they were husband and wife.[4] Hacking pursued Gordon Ramsay for a role in the film for some time, but decided not to go through his agents and approached him directly. Ramsay agreed to appear at his own expense.[3] Ramsay's name was misspelt in the closing credits as ""Ramsey"".[5] - Scenes from the film were shot on site at Elstree Studios.[6] One scene features Michelle Ryan driving an Alfa Romeo. Production on the film was completed in March 2009.[7] - Love's Kitchen was entered in the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.[citation needed] The film made its debut showing in the UK at the Kingussie Food on Film Festival in February 2011 under its original name of No Ordinary Trifle. The only actor from the film to make an appearance was Lee Boardman.[8][9] It took £121 on its opening weekend (on 5 screens) in the UK after release on 24 June 2011, comparing poorly with the same weekend's biggest opening film, Bridesmaids, which took £3.44 million (on 482 screens), including previews of £1.03m.[1] Due to the appearance by Ramsay in the film, the low levels of takings was highlighted by the press who sought to get a response by the chef, but he refused to comment except to state that he wished to have no involvement in the promotion of the film.[10] - DVD release in the United States preceded the UK cinema release, with the film going straight to DVD on 7 June.[9] It was also presented at the 2011 Dances With Films independent film festival, where it opened the event,[10] but not entered in the competition.[11] The film was released in the UK on DVD less than three weeks after its cinema release, coming out on 11 July.[12] - Following the release of the trailer for the film, critics began to criticise it as they thought they could guess the entire plot straight away,[13] while Digital Spy's Simon Reynolds predicted that it would be a candidate for the worst film of the year.[9] - Following release, the film garnered a 19% approval rating from 16 critics on the review-aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes.[12] The film was heavily criticised upon release by the British media. David Edwards for The Daily Mirror suggested that people should see it ""for a masterclass in how not to make a film. The effect is like smashing plates over your head while suffering from violent diarrhoea.""[14] However, the newspaper also listed the film as a ""nicely staged British rom-com"".[15] The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw described the film as ""abysmal"", and in particular thought that Gordon Ramsay was ""excruciating"".[16] - Henry Fitzherbert at the Daily Express described it as ""astonishingly amateur and awful"",[17] while Sky Movies critic Tim Evans described it as a ""veritable banquet of awfulness"".[2] Empire gave the film a score of two out of five.[18] Total Film thought better of the film, with Emma Dibden describing it as having a ""sharp script"" while praising both Dougray Scott and Simon Callow, and giving the film a score of four out of five.[19] -",2023-08-26 17:46:50 -Douglas Obelisk - Wikipedia,"Douglas Obelisk is an 8-metre (27 ft) marble obelisk, installed outside the British Columbia Parliament Buildings in Victoria, British Columbia. The sculpture was erected in 1881 to honour James Douglas, the first Governor of the Colony of British Columbia, and was made by Mortimer & Reid using marble from Beaver Cove, Vancouver Island.[1] - This British Columbia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a sculpture in Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:46:54 -Mundee - Wikipedia,"Mundee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:46:58 -Alix Boyd Knights - Wikipedia,"Alix Boyd Knights is a Dominican politician and attorney who was the Speaker of the House of Assembly from 2000 to 2020.[1] - Boyd Knights was first elected Speaker on 17 April 2000 and was re-elected on 27 July 2005, 4 February 2010 and 20 February 2015.[2][3] Upon her election to a third term on 4 February 2010, she became the longest serving Speaker in Dominica's history.[4] - She has a Bachelor of Laws degree from University of the West Indies. - - This article about a politician from Dominica is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:47:02 -Guyana at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Wikipedia," - Guyana competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's sixteenth appearance at the Olympics as an independent nation, although it had previously competed in five other games as British Guiana. Guyana did not compete in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal because of its partial support to the African boycott. - The Guyana Olympic Association sent a total of six athletes to the Games, four men and two women, to compete in athletics, judo, and swimming. Track runner Aliann Pompey, who had competed at her fourth Olympic games, was the oldest athlete of the team, at age 34, while freestyle swimmer Brittany van Lange was the youngest at age 15, not only in the team, but also in its entire Olympic history. Another swimmer Niall Roberts, made his second Olympic appearance, having participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, along with Pompey. - Guyana failed to win a single Olympic medal since winning their first and only medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, where Michael Anthony won a bronze in boxing. - Athletes from Guyana have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):[2][3] - Guyana has had 1 judoka invited.[4] - Guyana has had 2 swimmers selected.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:47:05 -Rebel Armed Forces - Wikipedia,"The Rebel Armed Forces (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, FAR) was a Guatemalan guerrilla organization established in 1961 and lasting until the peace agreements in 1996. - In the late 1960s, the Guatemalan government began a United States-backed counter-insurgency campaign that killed between 2,800 and 8000 FAR supporters in eastern Guatemala. The survivors of this campaign, which devastated the FAR, regrouped in Mexico City in the 1970s, and founded the Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP), which succeeded in mobilizing tremendous popular support over the next few years.[1] - FAR is most significantly known for having killed the U.S. ambassador to Guatemala, John Gordon Mein, in 1968. Also killed that year were two U.S. military advisers, Colonel John Webber and Ernest Munro, although they might have been killed at the command of PGT leader Leonardo Castillo Johnson.[citation needed] - In 1970, the group briefly kidnapped Guatemala's foreign minister Alberto Fuentes Mohr, but freed him in exchange for the release of a student leader. Karl von Spreti, German ambassador to Guatemala, was kidnapped and murdered by the FAR as well in that year. Further actions that year included the kidnapping of U.S. labor attaché Sean Holly, he was freed for the release of FAR prisoners.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 17:47:09 -Leucospilapteryx anaphalidis - Wikipedia," - Leucospilapteryx anaphalidis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Japan (the islands of Hokkaidō and Honshū) and the Russian Far East.[2] - The wingspan is 6.0–7.1 mm. - The larvae feed on Anaphalis margaritacea. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a linear mine on the underside of the leaf, later it becomes a swollen blotch. The cocoon is made on a fold of the leaf and is elliptical, very elongate and brownish. - - This article relating to moths in subfamily Acrocercopinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:47:12 -Judi West - Wikipedia," -Judi West (born December 15, 1942) is an American actress, best known for her supporting role opposite Jack Lemmon in the comedy film The Fortune Cookie (1966). - Judi West acted in a few films in the 1960s and also appeared in television in the 1960s through the early 1980s, including the role of April Lavery in the 1971 Gunsmoke episode ""Laverly"" (S16E22). Her main film appearances include: - She had earlier worked on the Broadway stage including A Family Affair (1962) and She Loves Me (1963-1964).[1] - Married from 1971 to 1989 to actor John Rubinstein, she is the mother of actor Michael Weston.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:47:16 -Institute of Psychology of the University of Paris - Wikipedia,"The Institute of Psychology is a graduate school of psychology and constitutes the department of psychology of the Paris Cité University. It is currently located at the Centre Henri-Piéron, 71 avenue Édouard-Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt. Being the birthplace of French psychology, the institute was founded in 1920 by Henri Piéron, with the mission of providing psychology education and a center for research.[1] It is the oldest psychology-specific education institution in France.[2] The last three stories of the 6-stories building are assigned to research laboratories, and the basement hosts the oldest psychology-dedicated library in France (which received the CollEx [fr] label of excellence).[3] - Created in 1920 by Henri Piéron, the Institute of Psychology is the first university institute (the term 'institute', as opposed to 'school', underlines the important focus on research activity)[4] of the University of Paris.[5] It was meant to gather psychologists from the University of Paris, the Collège de France, and the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, and delivered a one-year diploma of psychological studies with specialities in ""Psychology"", ""Pedagogy"", or ""Applied Psychology"". - In 1947, Daniel Lagache implements a two-year psychology bachelor's degree with specialities in ""General Psychology"", ""Child Psychology"", ""Social Life Psychology"", and ""Psychophysiology"". - In 1959, the institute moves to the building of the Sociétés savantes [FR], on Serpente street. - In 1965, Paul Fraisse becomes the institute's director.[inconsistent] - In 1999, as part of a plan to regroup all the research laboratories scattered across Paris, the institute gets transferred to its current location in Boulogne-Billancourt. - In 2020, the Institute of Psychology joins the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Paris Cité University. - The doctorate degree is delivered through within the doctoral school Cognition, comportement, conduites humaines (ED 261) which includes 18 research laboratories. -",2023-08-26 17:47:19 -Montmorot - Wikipedia," - Montmorot (French pronunciation: ​[mɔ̃mɔʁo]) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.[3] It is a western suburb of Lons-le-Saunier. - The Vallière flows west through the southern part of the commune and crosses the town. - - This Jura geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:47:24 -Bayt Naqquba - Wikipedia,"Bayt Naqquba (Arabic: بيت نقّوبة, Hebrew: בית נקובא, also spelled Bait Naqquba) was a Palestinian village in British Mandate Palestine, located 9.5 kilometers west of Jerusalem, near Abu Ghosh. Before Palmach and Haganah troops occupied the village during Operation Nachshon on April 11, 1948, approximately 300 Palestinian Arabs lived there.[5] After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, a moshav named Beit Nekofa was founded close to the site by Jewish immigrants from Yugoslavia. In 1962, residents of Bayt Naqubba built a new village named Ein Naqquba, south of Beit Nekofa.[5] - In 1838 Beit Nikoba was noted as a Muslim village, located in the District of Beni Malik, west of Jerusalem.[6] - In 1863 Victor Guérin found the village located on cultivated slopes, with 200 inhabitants,[7] while an Ottoman village list from about 1870 found 23 houses and a population of 88, though that population count included men, only.[8][9] - In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Bayt Naqquba as a village built on a slope with a spring to the south.[10] - Around 1896 the population of Bet Nakuba was estimated to be about 135 persons.[11] - In the 1922 census of Palestine, during the early British Mandate of Palestine period, there were 120 villagers, all Muslims,[12] increasing in the 1931 census to 177 Muslims, in 41 houses.[13] - The villagers planted olive trees and vineyards, which grew mainly west of the village and on the valley floors, and irrigated their crops with water drawn from the village springs. Olive trees covered 194 dunum of land.[14] In the 1944/5 statistics, the village had a population of 240 Muslims, and the total land area was 2,797 dunams.[15][16] 303 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, 515 dunams were for cereals,[17] while 9 dunams were built-up (urban) Arab land.[18] - Like the people of Abu Ghosh, the inhabitants of Bayt Naqquba were known for their friendly relations with their Jewish neighbors in Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim.[19] -Benny Morris writes: ""It is possible that the inhabitants of Beit Naqquba had received both an order to evacuate from Arab military commanders in Ein Karim and ""strong advice"" to the same effect from Lisser and Navon. But it is likely that the ""advice"" given in the name of the Harel Brigade, which physically controlled the area, was more potent of the two factors in precipitating the evacuation.""[19] The village was taken around the 11 April 1948 during Operation Nachshon.[20] - Between 1948 and 1964 the inhabitants of Bayt Naqquba lived at Sataf, ""under trees, because the Arabs had not allowed them to come over their lines, out of distrust and revenge"".[21] Afterwards they were allowed to stay temporarily in Abu Ghosh. In 1962, they established a new village, Ein Naqquba on some of their land south of the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway. - A few houses are used either as dwellings or as stables. These houses were built of stone and many had domed roofs. Stones recovered from the ruins of the village houses have been used as steps for entrances to new Jewish homes. Almond and olive trees and cactuses cover the village site. In what was probably a unique case among all the villages occupied and depopulated, a new Arab village with the same name was established south of the original site in 1962, and some refugees from the old village were allowed to live there. The old village cemetery lies about 0.5 km south of the village site. It is maintained by a more recent Arab village.[20]",2023-08-26 17:47:29 -Oryol i Reshka - Wikipedia,"Oryol i Reshka (Ukrainian: Орел і Решка, Russian: Орёл и Решка, lit. Heads and Tails) is a Ukrainian travel TV show that launched in 2011. It is broadcast in the Russian language in Ukraine, Russia, Israel, and Kazakhstan. Its reruns are also available on Polish and Israeli televisions. - Oryol i Reshka is hosted by two co-hosts. In each episode, the show visits another location in the world for one weekend. One of the hosts (determined by a coin toss) receives a credit card with unlimited credit (in practice, this has been limited to US$30,000 per day), called the Golden Card, while the other has to spend the weekend with US$100 including all expenses. Starting with the second season, the show has hidden a bottle with $100 in each visited location for travelers to find. - A spin-off, called Oryol i Reshka Shopping dealing with shopping, began airing on February 15, 2014. - ""Орел і Решка"" or ""Орёл и Решка"" literally means ""eagle and tails"", referring to pre-revolutionary Russian coins with an eagle on the ""heads"" side. - This season is titled Holiday season in this season, the show visited resort towns and locations, which had not been visited in the past. - This season is titled Back to the USSR in this season the show traveled to locations in the Former Soviet Union. All countries were visited except Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, where not all of the show's crew were able to obtain a visa or permission to film. Latvia was also skipped as it had been covered in a previous episode. - In this season, titled On the Edge of the World, the show traveled to locations far away from Ukraine, especially in the far east and Australia and Oceania. Hosts – Kolya Serga and Regina Todorenko. - In this season, titled Undiscovered Europe, the show traveled to locations in Europe that are not generally popular with Russian-speaking tourists. - In this season, titled Anniversary, Part I, the format changed to include all previous hosts of the show, with each episode being hosted by a different couple. - This season is titled Anniversary, Part II and continues the previous format. - This season, titled Around the World, returned to the older format of permanent hosts. - This season Paradise and Hell is so named because in it the program will visit paradise island and the most hellish places of the world, alternating between them. - In this season, titled Reload, the hosts visited cities that had already been covered by the show. - This season is titled Paradise and Hell 2 and continues the previous format, but now each city is divided into paradise and hell. - This season is called Stars, a special season with the stars of show business. - This season is called Reload. America, and it continues previous format, but only in the Americas. - This season is called Marine Season, where the program goes to coastal locations and cities. - # - holder - This season is called Marine Season. Part 2, and it continues the previous format. - # - holder - This season is called Reload. Part 3, and it continues previous format. - This season is called Marine Season. Part 3, and it continues the previous format. - # - holder - This season is called Megapolises is about the largest cities of our planet. - This season is called Wonders of the World this season is about the most fantastic, ambitious and incredible on our planet. - This season is called Ivleeva vs Bednyakov this season is about the competition of the two brightest stars of the project. - That season is called Crazy weekends - That season is called Girls - That season is called 10 Years - That season is called Earthlings - This season is called Earthlings. Part 2, and it continues the previous format. - Girls. Unreleased - 10 Years. Unreleased - Wonders of the World 4. Unreleased - Earthlings. Unreleased - Oryol i Reshka: Family or Oryol i Reshka: Semya is a project, that is being followed by Friday! channel. In this project, a family of four people (father + son, mother + daughter) goes to different locations, throw a coin and show how to travel with children. -",2023-08-26 17:47:34 -Delaware State Fair - Wikipedia,"The Delaware State Fair is the annual state fair for the state of Delaware. It is held in Harrington. The fair is a ten-day event at the end of July.[1] - The first Delaware State Fair was held in Wilmington, with mentions of the ""Delaware State Fair"" being found in newspapers as far back as 1869.[2] In 1878, the Delaware State Fair was moved to Fairview Park Fair Grounds in Dover and held September 24–27.[3] The opening speaker of the 1878 Delaware State Fair was Daniel Henry Chamberlain, former Republican Governor of South Carolina, as well as guest speakers J. Proctor Knott, at the time a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives representing Kentucky's 4th congressional district, and Samuel S. Cox, then Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives representing New York's 6th congressional district.[4][5] - In 1917, the state fair moved to Elsmere where the Delaware State Fair Association had purchased property and built a fairgrounds within the town limits, in the area of the current Filbert, Birch, and Dover Avenues. The fairgrounds included racetracks, agricultural exhibits, and stages for various entertainment acts.[6] The Association went bankrupt after the 1924 fair, and its assets were sold off.[7][8] A new fair association was formed and held the Wilmington Fair, which was sometimes referred to as the Delaware State Fair, in 1927 and 1928 at the fairgrounds in Elsmere.[9][10][11][12] - The first fair on the current grounds was held in 1920 and was known as the Kent and Sussex County Fair. It lasted four days and was held on 30 acres (120,000 m2). The Kent and Sussex County Fair changed its name to the Delaware State Fair in 1962.[13] Today the fairgrounds encompass over 300 acres (1.2 km2) and feature concerts, wrestling, rodeo, races, agricultural exhibits, a midway, and other typical state fair demonstrations and events. The Harrington Raceway & Casino is also located at the fairgrounds. The property also hosted a Donald Trump rally for his presidential campaign on April 22, 2016.[14] - The only cancellations were from 1942 to 1945 due to World War II. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the fair resisted cancellation, although safety modifications were put in place and concerts were cancelled.[15] Masks have been required ever since, besides social distancing. - The Delaware State Fair has long been a center for regional entertainment, drawing in crowds from the rest of the state, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland. It is one of few local concert venues, so has been able to attract many popular acts to Delmarva, among them: - Harrington Raceway & Casino operates on the fairgrounds year round and consists of a harness racetrack and a casino offering slot machines, table games, and sports betting. - During the winter season the Centre Ice Rink located on the fair grounds hosts public skating and Ice hockey sessions.[16] -  WikiMiniAtlas38°54′36″N 75°34′26″W / 38.910°N 75.574°W / 38.910; -75.574 -",2023-08-26 17:47:38 -Tetrasarus albescens - Wikipedia," - Tetrasarus albescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1880.[1] - - This Acanthoderini article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:47:41 -2003 Finlandia Trophy - Wikipedia,"The 2003 Finlandia Trophy is an annual senior-level international figure skating competition held in Finland. It was held in Helsinki on October 10–12, 2003. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. -",2023-08-26 17:47:45 -Thomas Hauser - Wikipedia,"Thomas C. Hauser (born February 27, 1946) is an American author known for his biographies and novels. - Hauser graduated from Columbia College in 1967 and Columbia Law School in 1970.[1] - He made his debut as a writer in 1978 with The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice. Horman's wife, Joyce Horman, and his parents, Edmund and Elizabeth Horman, cooperated with Hauser on the book describing both the fate of Charles and his family's quest to uncover the truth in Chile. It was adapted as Costa-Gavras's 1982 film Missing, starring Jack Lemmon and Sissy Spacek. A later book by Hauser, Final Warning: The Legacy of Chernobyl (co-authored with Robert Peter Gale), served as the basis for the 1991 television film Chernobyl: The Final Warning, starring Jon Voight and Jason Robards. - In 1981, Hauser published a novel, Ashworth & Palmer, set in a fictional law firm, which was inspired by his experience as an associate at Cravath, Swaine & Moore from 1971 through 1977, following his graduation from Columbia Law School. Later novels recreated the lives of Beethoven, Mark Twain, and Charles Dickens. - Hauser also wrote Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times, a biography of boxer Muhammad Ali.[2] The book was nominated for the National Book Award. In 1991 he was awarded the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award for Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. Subsequently, Ali and Hauser co-authored HEALING: A Journal of Tolerance And Understanding and met with student audiences across the United States to discuss their subject. For their efforts to combat bigotry and prejudice, they were named as co-recipients of the Haviva Reik Award. More recently, Hauser authored Muhammad Ali: A Tribute to the Greatest. - He also collaborated with golfer Arnold Palmer on a biography entitled Arnold Palmer A Personal Journey published in 1994. - Hauser is a keen follower of boxing and has written about the sport for numerous print publications such as the New York Times and The Ring and various websites such as The Sweet Science,[3] and Boxing Scene.[4] He has been featured in numerous documentaries about the sport including the Academy Award-winning When We Were Kings. - On eight occasions, articles written by Hauser have been named ""best investigative writing"" of the year by the Boxing Writers Association of America. In 2004, the organization honored him with the Nat Fleischer Award for Career Excellence in Boxing Journalism. From 2012 through 2020, he was a consultant to HBO Sports. In 2003, at the request of the late Senator John McCain, Hauser testified before the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation regarding the regulation of professional boxing. On December 4, 2019, it was announced that Hauser had been chosen by the electors for boxing's highest honor: induction into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. -",2023-08-26 17:47:48 -Gioia Arismendi - Wikipedia," Gioia Denise Arismendi Lombardini , better known as Gioia Arismendi (born January 5, 1984 in Caracas)[1] is a Venezuelan actress and model. - Arismendi grew up in a family of artists. Her mother Gioia Lombardini is an actress and presenter familiar to Venezuelan television, her father is a publicist while her sister is a novelist. From a young age, Arismendi was interested in drama and acting. However, her father encouraged her to finish high school before she could pursue acting further. After finishing her high school studies at San Agustín Codazzi, she enrolled for a Bachelor of Arts course at Universidad Central de Venezuela. - Arismendi studied acting at the Taller de Teatro Luz Columba under the instruction of professor Nelson Orteaga who is responsible for the career development of various RCTV actors. Her first television appearance was in 1992 in the telenovela Las dos Dianas.[2] Since then, she has participated in several RCTV telenovelas such as Divina obsesión, Mis 3 Hermanas, Juana la virgen, La cuaima and Camaelona. - In 2008, she joined Venevisión to participate in the telenovela Torrente in the role of Maruja Briceño. - In 2011, she was part of the cast of the telenovela Natalia del Mar in the role of Candy.[3] - - This article about an actor from Venezuela is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:47:52 -Kolasib - Wikipedia," - Kolasib is a town and headquarters of Kolasib district in Mizoram, India. - [needs update] -As of the 2011 Census of India,[2] Kolasib district had a population of 83,955. Males constitute 51.12% of the population and females 48.88%. Kolasib has an average literacy rate of 93.50%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 94.57%, and female literacy is 92.38%. Population growth rate of Kolasib district was 27.28 percent during the decade. - Kolasib is agriculture-dominated economy with a few service sector jobs as it is a district capital. A large number of people cultivate beetle nut, oil palms, rice, wheat and fish which is both consumed and exported to other districts of Mizoram.[3] - A helicopter service by Pawan Hans[4] has been started which connects the Aizawl with Kolasib.[5] The distance between Kolasib and Aizawl through NH 54 is 83 km and is connected with regular service of bus and Maxi-Cabs.[6] - There is one college - Government Kolasib College, under Mizoram University and a number of public and private schools. - The Major Higher Secondary School in Kolasib are: - The Major Newspapers in Kolasib are:[7] - Major Television Cable Network in Kolasib are: -",2023-08-26 17:47:55 -High priest - Wikipedia,"The term ""high priest"" usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious organisation. - In ancient Egypt, a high priest was the chief priest of any of the many gods revered by the Egyptians. - The High Priest of Israel served in the Tabernacle, then in the Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Samaritan High Priest is the high priest of the Samaritans. - The Epistle to the Hebrews refers to Jesus as high priest.[4] - In Christianity, a high priest could sometimes be compared to the Pope in the Catholic Church, to a patriarch in the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Church of the East and the Eastern Orthodox Churches (the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is a primus inter pares) or to a primate in the Anglican Communion (the Archbishop of Canterbury is a primus inter pares), but it is traditional to refer to it only to Jesus Christ as the only high priest of Christianity. Throughout the episcopal body, except in the Anglican and Lutheran communions, bishops may also be referred to as high priests, since they share in or are considered earthly instruments of the high priesthood of Jesus Christ. - High priest is an office of the priesthood within the Melchizedek priesthood in most denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. - A high priest in Mandaeism is known as a ganzibra.[5] The head of all of the high priests within a Mandaean community is known as a rishama. - The phrase is also often used to describe someone who is deemed to be an innovator or leader in a field of achievement. For example, an 1893 publication describes ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes as having been ""the high-priest of comedy"".[6] -",2023-08-26 17:47:58 -2016 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool B - Wikipedia,"Group B of the 2016 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2016 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group I, while the third placed team faced potential relegation to Group III. The bottom team was automatically relegated to Group III. -",2023-08-26 17:48:02 -Adam Sky (Australian DJ) - Wikipedia," - Adam Gary Neat[1] (1976 or 1977 – 4 May 2019), known professionally as Modium[2] and later as Adam Sky, was an Australian dance music DJ. - Neat was from Melbourne and was the son of Gary Neat, a businessman and politician who was formerly a journalist with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.[3][4][5] - Neat worked in information technology, including as an entrepreneur, before focusing on his DJ career.[6] Based in Singapore, Adam Sky was ranked third most popular DJ in Asia.[3][4][7] He worked with acts including Fatboy Slim, The Scissor Sisters,[7] David Guetta, Afrojack,[3] and Taio Cruz,[8] had several signed tracks,[4] and had a large number of tracks chart in the Top 100 and Top 10. He was resident DJ at several clubs[9] starting in 2011 as Modium with Hedkandi's Ministry of Sound events;[10] since moving to Singapore he referred to Altimate in 1-Altitude in Raffles Place as his ""home base"".[6] He also hosted a radio show with more than a million listeners each month, The Guestlist[9] or Guest List Radio,[5][11] and in March 2018 founded Jupiter Labs, a talent agency incorporating a production facility called Titan Studio, in Singapore.[6] - Sky was married to Marvie Jean Tejada.[12] He died at the age of 42 at the Hillstone Villas resort in South Kuta, Bali, Indonesia. His assistant Zoia Lukiantceva fell approximately 10 metres (33 ft) from a terrace and broke her leg; Sky apparently rushed to help her while drunk and was discovered the next day near the bathroom of the vacant villa below the one in which they were staying with another friend, having bled to death after cutting his arm on the window.[1][3][4][5][7][13][14] -",2023-08-26 17:48:06 -Hendmini Rural District - Wikipedia," - Hendmini Rural District (Persian: دهستان هندميني) is in Hendmini District of Badreh County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Ab Cheshmeh.[3] - At the National Census of 2006, its population was 7,841 in 1,516 households, when it was in the former Badreh District of Darreh Shahr County.[4] There were 7,453 inhabitants in 1,805 households at the following census of 2011.[5] At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 3,348 in 905 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Badreh County.[6][7][3] The largest of its 13 villages was Cheshmeh Shirin (now a city), with 1,125 people.[2] - - This Ilam province location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:48:10 -Urbania - Wikipedia,"Urbania is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region of Marche, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Ancona and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Pesaro, next to the river Metauro. - Urbania borders the following municipalities: Acqualagna, Apecchio, Cagli, Fermignano, Peglio, Piobbico, Sant'Angelo in Vado, Urbino. - It is a famous ceramics and majolica production centre. In recent years, it has become more closely associated with the Befana folk tradition. - Originally known as Castel delle Ripe, it was a free commune of the Guelph party. In 1277 it was destroyed by the Ghibellines, then rebuilt by the Provençal Guillaume Durand in 1284 and christened Castel Durante. Later it was ruled by the Brancaleoni family. When the latter were ousted, the city offered itself to the Dukes of Urbino, who used the palace in the city as summer residence and had it restored by architects such as Francesco di Giorgio Martini. The last della Rovere duke, Francesco Maria II, is buried in the Ducal Palace of Urbania. - In 1631 it became part of the Papal States. Five years later its name changed to the current one, in honor of Pope Urban VIII. - On 23 January 1944 Urbania was bombed by the Allies, resulting in the deaths of 250 civilians.[3] It was a Sunday so the people had gathered in the town, increasing the number of victims. - After World War II Urbania received the Bronze Medal for Military Valour for the deeds of its citizens during the partisan warfare. - The base of the Chattian international stratigraphical stage is located in Urbania and is marked by a GSSP and commemorative sign which were installed there in May 2017. - Media related to Urbania at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:48:15 -Sylve Bengtsson - Wikipedia," - Sylve Boris Bengtsson (2 July 1930 – 30 April 2005) was a Swedish association football forward.[1][2] - Bengtsson started his career in Halmstads BK at the age of 17 in 1947 against Djurgårdens IF, a 0–5 defeat. In 1948 as Halmstads BK was relegated from Allsvenskan Sylve left for Hälsingborgs IF (now Helsingborgs IF); during his time in Hälsingborg he made his first national team appearance for Sweden; he was later part of the Swedish national team that won bronze medal in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki after defeating West Germany.[3] - After the Summer Olympics he returned to Halmstads BK and helped the club back up in Allsvenskan, in season 1954–55 he won the Stora Silvret with the club and in the following season he became the top goalscorer with 22 goals. Halmstads BK was relegated yet again in 1959 and in 1961 Sylve left for Gnosjö IF where he played for three seasons before returning to Allsvenskan and Hälsingborgs IF to play between 1964 and 1965. - In 1967, he returned to Halmstads BK as a playing coach and in 1968 he became manager for Laholms FK, shortly south of Halmstad, he then returned to Halmstads BK as teamleader; he made a short time as manager yet again for the club during the summer of 1971 and led the club back to Allsvenskan. - Aside from playing football he also worked as a baker and confectioner. - Halmstads BK - Sweden -",2023-08-26 17:48:19 -1981 TANFL season - Wikipedia," - -The 1981 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over twenty (20) roster rounds and four finals series matches between 4 April and 19 September 1981. - The League was known as the Winfield League under a A$30,000 commercial naming-rights sponsorship agreement with the Winfield tobacco company. - Escort Cup Match (Sunday, 12 April 1981) - Escort Cup Match (Sunday, 26 April 1981) - Interstate Match (Saturday, 4 July 1981) - (Saturday, 4 April 1981) - (Saturday, 11 April 1981) - (Saturday, 18 April & Sunday, 19 April 1981) - (Saturday, 2 May 1981) - (Saturday, 9 May 1981) - (Saturday, 16 May 1981) - (Saturday, 23 May 1981) - (Saturday, 30 May 1981) - (Saturday, 6 June 1981) - Note: This match was moved to North Hobart after Queenborough was closed by the Hobart City Council 24-hours prior. - (Monday, 8 June 1981) - (Saturday, 13 June 1981) - (Saturday, 20 June 1981) - (Saturday, 27 June 1981) - (Saturday, 11 July 1981) - (Saturday, 18 July 1981) - (Saturday, 25 July 1981) - (Saturday, 1 August 1981) - (Saturday, 8 August 1981) - (Saturday, 15 August 1981) - Note: Peter Hudson (Glenorchy) returns to football for the first time since his 1979 retirement and kicks 10 goals. - (Saturday, 22 August 1981) - (Saturday, 29 August 1981) - (Saturday, 5 September 1981) - (Saturday, 12 September 1981) - (Saturday, 19 September 1981) - Source: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications. -",2023-08-26 17:48:23 -1992 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards - Wikipedia,"The 1992 (15th) Stinkers Bad Movie Awards was released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1993 to honor 1992's worst films. The sole category was Worst Picture. It included a list of films that were considered for the final list, but ultimately failed to make the cut (16 films in total). This was the last year that featured only Worst Picture nominees.[1] - - This film award–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:48:26 -"Point Michaud, Nova Scotia - Wikipedia"," - Point Michaud is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Richmond County. -  WikiMiniAtlas45°35′19.52″N 60°41′26.55″W / 45.5887556°N 60.6907083°W / 45.5887556; -60.6907083 (Point Michaud, Nova Scotia) - - This Richmond County, Nova Scotia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:48:30 -"List of tallest buildings in Halifax, Nova Scotia - Wikipedia"," - Halifax, Nova Scotia, with an estimated population of 439,819 in 2021, is the most populous municipality in Atlantic Canada.[1] - According to the now-defunct website Emporis, the municipality contained 105 high-rise buildings over 35 m (115 ft) tall in 2022.[2] The tallest of these high-rise buildings is The Vuze at 36 storeys and 106 m (348 ft) in height. - This list ranks buildings in Halifax that stand at least 60 m (197 ft) tall, based on CTBUH height measurement standards. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. - [55] -[56] - -",2023-08-26 17:48:35 -Ramon Farolan - Wikipedia,"Ramon J. Farolan (August 31, 1934 – May 31, 2023) was a Philippine Air Force general, government official, diplomat and columnist. - Farolan was born on August 31, 1934, in Baguio. He would finish his secondary studies at the University of the Philippines Diliman before attending the Philippine Military Academy (PMA). He graduated from the PMA in 1956. He would accomplish the Philippine Air Force Flying School Class in 1957. He would also obtain a master's degree at the Asian Institute of Management in 1975.[1] - Farolan would initially serve in the Philippine Army in Quezon province as part of the 4th Battalion Combat Team. His unit was tasked to quell the Hukbalahap rebellion. He would be recalled to the Philippine Air Force (PAF) to undergo military pilot training and be an instructor at the PAF Flying School.[1] - Farolan served various roles in both the military and civilian government between 1964 and 1986. These positions include military supervisor for Customs, administrator of the Civil Aviation Authority, and commissioner of the Bureau of Customs, also serving as chairman of the Board of Examiners for Customs Brokers.[2] - On February 24, 1986, Farolan would be named Commanding General of the Philippine Air Force following the People Power Revolution which deposed President Ferdinand Marcos. He would serve the position until his retirement on October 8 in the same year.[2] - After his retirement from the military, Farolan would serve as the Philippine Ambassador to Indonesia for two and a half years and later head the Export Processing Zone Authority for two years.[3] He was also president of the Philippine Football Federation.[4] - Farolan also became a columnist for The Philippine Star and the Philippine Daily Inquirer.[2] He would write for the former in the late 1990s to the early 2000s, where he also served as president and editor-in-chief;[5] for the latter from 2003 to 2022.[6] - Farolan was married to Sylvia M. Joaquin with whom he had three children. Joaquin hails from Quezon City.[1] Farolan died on May 31, 2023.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:48:38 -As-Nas - Wikipedia,"As-Nas (آس ناس) is a card game or type of playing cards that were used in Persia.[1] - The design of the packs is simple, consisting of only five individual card designs, each with a distinctive background colour. The designs are repeated either four or five times, to make a total of 20 or 25 cards. -As Nas cards are rectangular in format, and relatively small, for example 4 cm × 6 cm (1.6 in × 2.4 in). Like Ganjifa cards, they are generally hand-painted, although some later examples use a collage technique to add a ready-made printed image onto the painted background. -The designs are 'single-headed' (not doubled, like modern standard playing cards), and have no indexes or titles. However the background colours enable players to immediately recognise what cards they have in hand. Generally the cards have a decorative border, often with an oval shape set in a rectangular frame.[1] - There is considerable variety in the imagery used. Generally the 5 designs have an ace featuring an animal design, and four court cards. This configuration may explain the name As-Nas. As is the term for the 'ace' card.[2] Nas, in both Arabic and Persian, means 'people' or 'mankind'.[3] Hence As-Nas would refer to pack with aces and a series of people. The different figures show people from various social classes. Typically the designs of the cards are as follows, from highest to lowest:[4] - Other than the image types described above, various alternative versions can be found, for example packs featuring only flowers,[5] and erotic or obscene versions. - For a long period As-Nas cards existed alongside the more ancient Ganjifa types. Wilkins claims that accounts of As-Nas date back to the 17th century, and at that time a 25-card pack was used, with 5 suits, each suit having one court card and four numeral cards. Cards from the 19th century with the classic As-Nas designs can be found in various museum collections. Some rarer examples are estimated to be from the late 18th century.[6] -According to Murdoch Smith, by 1877 As-Nas cards were 'gradually falling into disuse, being replaced by European' types.[7] Following the Foreign Trade Monopoly Act of 1931, a monopoly over playing cards was established in Iran to control imports and production. The British playing card manufacturer De La Rue was commissioned to provide cards during the 1930s. The cards featured indexing in Persian and court card images that evoked Persian history. Nonetheless the cards used standard Western style suit symbols (hearts, clubs, spades and diamonds). The game of As-Nas largely fell out of fashion by around 1945.[8] However, As-Nas may have persisted a little longer in rural areas. In his work published in the 1960s, Arasteh writes that ""rural life in Iran revolves around traditional practices that have persisted unchanged for centuries"". In a passage regarding Muslim values, he writes ""the Qashqai, and probably other tribes, permit the men to drink alcoholic beverages. In their leisure time some tribal khans also enjoy smoking opium. 'As, similar to poker, is a popular card game among tribespeople"".[9] - In 1895, General Albert Houtum-Schindler described the rules as follows:[10] - As-Nas cards may also have been used for other games. Murdoch Smith writes that the 'game somewhat resembles Lansquenet', which is a much simpler gambling game.[11] - A 20-card As-Nas pack can be made by taking the aces, kings, queens, jacks, and 10s from a standard pack of cards. -The ideal solution, however, is to obtain four identical packs of cards, and borrow cards from each to have 4 sets of 5 identical cards. This avoids having cards of different ranks with the same suit symbols. For example, 4 × ace of spades, 4 × king of clubs, 4 × queen of hearts, 4 × jack of diamonds, 4 × joker (or pip card). With the 4 packs of cards several such As-Nas packs can be compiled. -",2023-08-26 17:48:41 -Simon Busuttil - Wikipedia," - Simon Busuttil MOM (born 20 March 1969) is the Secretary General of the EPP Group (European People's Party) in the European Parliament.[2] Formerly, he was Leader of the Opposition.[3] and Leader of the Nationalist Party[4] in Malta and a Member of the European Parliament for Malta.[5] - Busuttil, who is from Lija, graduated as Doctor of Laws (University of Malta, 1993), MA in European Studies (University of Sussex, 1994) and Magister Juris in International Law (University of Malta, 1995).[6][7][8] As a student he was President of the Maltese Christian Democrat Students, SDM (1989–91), Student Representative on the Senate of the University of Malta (1991–92) and International Secretary of the Maltese National Youth Council (1992).[9][10] - Busuttil's career is mostly linked with EU affairs as well as with his parliamentary roles in the European Parliament and in the national Parliament in Malta. In 1999, Busuttil was appointed Head of the Malta-EU Information Centre (MIC) and led Malta's public awareness campaign ahead of the 2003 EU membership referendum. At the same time he was also a member of Malta's Core Negotiating Group (negotiating Malta's membership in the EU) and the Malta-EU Steering and Action Committee (MEUSAC) in 1999.[11][12] - In 2004, Busuttil was elected as an MEP with the Nationalist Party in the election for the European Parliament netting the largest number of personal preference votes, 58,899 votes.[13] He was the first Maltese MEP to address the European Parliament on 21 July 2004.[14] He was re-elected to the European Parliament in the 2009 election, again registering the largest vote tally of votes ever, or 68,782 votes.[15] - As an MEP he was a member of the bureau of the European People's Party (EPP) and sat on various committees including the European Parliament's Committee on Budgetary Control and its Committee on Budgets.[16] But his strongest contribution was within the Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs Committee where he was the Coordinator (Spokesperson) for the EPP Group and covered issues that include the sensitive areas of common European immigration and asylum policy.[17] - In November 2012, he was elected Deputy Leader of the Nationalist Party following the resignation of Tonio Borg. He was elected an MP in the 2013 general election.[18] - Immediately after the elections, incumbent Leader Lawrence Gonzi announced that he would not be seeking re-election for the role of leader of the Nationalist Party. Busuttil was one of four candidates running for leadership along with Mario De Marco, Raymond Bugeja and Francis Zammit Dimech.[19] On 4 May 2013, at the first round of voting, Busuttil obtained 50.3% of the votes while Mario De Marco obtained 38.5% and conceded the race, leaving Busuttil de facto leader elect.[20] A further vote was taken on 8 May in order for him to officially receive 2/3 of the votes, the threshold required by the election rules.[21] Simon Busuttil was confirmed Leader having exceeded 90% of the votes cast.[22][23] As leader of the opposition, Busuttil also announced his Shadow Cabinet in May 2013.[24] - Busuttil's term as Leader of the PN and of the Opposition was characterised by a his choice to champion the rule of law and the fight against corruption in Malta. He led the Opposition charge against the Labour Government led by Joseph Muscat following the revelations made by Daphne Caruana Galizia and PanamaPapers in February and April 2016 respectively. In April 2017, he published a leaked report that implicated the Chief of Staff in money laundering activities linked to Malta's golden passport scheme. The following month, in May 2017, Busuttil published yet another leaked report and presented evidence of alleged illegal transfers to the tune of €650,000 paid by Keith Schembri to the former Managing Director of The Times of Malta, Adrian Hillman.[25] The revelations increased pressure on the Labour Government and Prime Minister Joseph Muscat and eventually led to an early election being called on 1 May 2017. In reaction, Busuttil said that people faced a stark choice between Joseph Muscat's interests and Malta's interest and appealed to voters to 'Vote for Malta'.[26] He claimed that the elections were a matter of trust, not just proposals.[27] He claimed that Muscat called the snap election to evade justice.[28] Busuttil led the General Election campaign based on a platform of the fight against corruption and the importance of Rule of Law.[29] - In that election, Busuttil contested the 11th and 12th Electoral Districts in the 2017 Maltese general election as the leader of the Nationalist party.[30] However, on 4 June 2017, after polls on the previous day, it was clear that the Malta Labour Party had won by a 55% margin.[31] The win was historic as the Labour party won the election by a record margin, and the margin was seen to be even bigger than in the 2013 Maltese general election. Many reasons were attributed for the result, including the fact that the economy was experiencing record growth under Joseph Muscat while at the same time the PN gave little reason for being elected other than a good governance pledge, which even that was not considered authentic because of the corruption scandals that rocked the party back during their time in government.[32] Busuttil conceded defeat[33] and the following day announced his resignation as leader of the Nationalist Party along with the entire party administration.[34] He met party activists on 6 June 2017 and explained that although he would be leaving, the party should ""never give up"" in its principled fight for the rule of law. He also announced a new and more open procedure for electing the new leader, with all party members being able to vote to elect their leader for the first time.[35] - On 17 September 2017, Busuttil was succeeded by Dr Adrian Delia as leader of the Nationalist Party and on 6 October 2017 as Leader of the Opposition. In February 2018, Delia appointed Busuttil as Shadow Minister for Good Governance, asking him to continue his fight for the rule of law.[36][37] Nevertheless relations between them turned sour when Delia asked Busuttil to resign from the PN parliamentary group in the wake of the news of the publication of the conclusions of the 'Egrant' magisterial inquiry into the alleged ownership of one of the Panama company by the Prime Minister's wife, which concluded that no proof was found that Egrant belonged to the Prime Minister's wife although the inquiry did not find details of the actual owner. Delia had not yet been given a copy of the inquiry when he accused Busuttil. The allegation had first been made by Daphne Caruana Galizia, and was believed by Simon Busutil to the point of putting the allegation centre stage in the 2017 election campaign. Busuttil warned Delia that he should not side with Muscat and refused to suspend himself.[38] The Administrative Council of the Nationalist Party met later during 22 June 2018 in order to discuss the events, and backed Delia's request to Busuttil, asking the latter to make way so that the party can move on in an effective matter, as no one can be considered bigger than the party.[39] Despite this, he still found the support of many prominent people in the PN parliamentary group, among them being his former deputies Mario de Marco and Beppe Fenech Adami who supported him saying that the party should unite for greater strength.[40] Other MPs that lent their name to this cause included Claudette Buttigieg, Therese Comodini Cachia, Marthese Portelli, Claudio Grech, Karol Aquilina, Karl Gouder and Jason Azzopardi, as well as MEP David Casa.[41] MEP Roberta Metsola requested that the matter was discussed within party organs.[42] MP Chris Said offered to mediate the situation.[43] Delia would eventually relent, which would prove to be one of many incidents regarding internal party politics. - On 14 January 2020, Simon Busuttil was appointed as the new Secretary General of the EPP Group in the European Parliament. To take up this Brussels-based post, Busuttil announced that he would resign his parliamentary seat at the end of February 2020.[44] He officially took over his new responsibility of Secretary General of the EPP Group on 1 May 2020. - Busuttil was subject to criticism on a number of direct orders that he was awarded from previous Governments under the Nationalist administration. Replies to a series of parliamentary questions revealed that a total of €49,015.56 were awarded by the Ministry for Transport and Infrastructure and its entities to Europa Research and Consultancy Services Ltd, of which Opposition leader Simon Busuttil was the founding director. Additionally, contracts amounting to Lm82,144.13 between 1999 and 2004 were also awarded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The Nationalist Party had said that these direct orders were related to contracts that have been awarded to his firm between 1999 and 2004 related to his services rendered in the run-up to the EU referendum.[45] - Additionally, Busuttil benefitted from more than €1,500,000 which was also confirmed by the Court of Justice, losing a libel case against Partit Laburista.[46] - National - Others -",2023-08-26 17:48:47 -Tramea stenoloba - Wikipedia," - Tramea stenoloba, the narrow-lobed glider,[3] is a species of dragonfly in the Libellulidae family.[4] It is found in the Cocos Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands, Java Sea and Australia.[3] - Tramea stenoloba is a medium to large dragonfly (wingspan 100mm, length 55mm) with its synthorax almost uniformly red, and noticeable dark patches at the base of its hindwings. Its abdomen is red with the last two segments black. The female is a duller brown. It is very similar to Tramea loewii, with differences in coloring of the synthorax, and genital dimensions. - Tramea stenoloba inhabits riverine lagoons, lakes and ponds. In Australia it is widespread except for the far south-east of the continent.[3] It is likely to be less common than Tramea loewii, with fewer records listed in the Atlas of Living Australia.[5] - Male with tatty wings - Male side view - Male - Female wings - Male wings -",2023-08-26 17:48:51 -Cake Mania (series) - Wikipedia,"Cake Mania is a series of cooking and time management video games developed and published by Sandlot Games since 2006. - The series is available for PCs, Apple Mac, game consoles, on the web as a Flash game, on Facebook as Cake Mania: Special Delivery, and as a mobile game for cell phones. Cake Mania is also notable for being one of the first top-50 titles available as a free download in an advertising-supported model.[2] - Cake Mania: Back to the Bakery is an expansion to the original Cake Mania. It has slightly different gameplay and features from the original. - After Jill saves her grandparents' bakery, she has to win the Cake Mania Bake-Off contest to send her grandparents on a cruise. Jill has to race against the clock baking sponge, chocolate, strawberry, and blueberry cakes for various business men, grandmas, construction workers, teens, and the usual town people. - Cake Mania 2 is a sequel to the original Cake Mania. It has different features from the original one, including different locations, slightly different gameplay, new customers, and a new design. - After helping reopen the Evans Bakery, Jill sends her grandparents on a long-overdue cruise and decides to get back to business by helping out her friends. - Cake Mania 3 is the sequel to Cake Mania 2. New features include mini-games and power-ups as well as the introduction of voice overs for the different storyboards throughout the game. - As Jill prepares for her wedding day, disaster strikes when finds herself bouncing through various time periods in history - from Ancient Egypt and Revolutionary France, to an unknown future where anything is possible - and she must work to find her way back before the ceremony begins. - Cake Mania: Main Street is the fourth game to be released by Sandlot Games based on the original Cake Mania. New features include the ability to play as Jack, Risha, and Tiny in establishments other than the Evans Bakery. - Newlyweds Jill and Jack return to Jill's hometown of Bakersfield only to discover Jill's favourite spot, Main Street, is all but abandoned thanks to the flashy new mega-mall, Bakersfield Corner. Distraught at the idea of her beloved Main Street's fading life, Jill comes up with a plan to get Main Street business booming again with the help of her baking expertise and the business skills of Jack, Risha, and Tiny. - Jill is 8-months pregnant. In the same time, Bakersville is crowded with movie crews. With the help from Jack, she must run a bakery. The rest of her friends are busy with their own business like Risha's new boutique, Gordo's Pizzaria, and Tiny got cast in a horrendous Pride & Prejudice movie. - The picture of Oliver and Rose, Jill and Jack Evans' children, are shown in the intro. Jill imagines her teenage life. Jill has gone home. Her grandparents gave their apple to Jill. -",2023-08-26 17:48:54 -Magod Falls - Wikipedia," - Magod Falls is a group of waterfalls in Karnataka, India, where the river Bedti falls from a height of nearly 200 metres (660 ft) in two steps. - The falls are located about 16 km (9.9 mi) from the town of Yellapur and 58 km (36 mi) from Sirsi, in the district of Uttara Kannada, and are easily accessible from several lakes and towns. - - - This article related to a location in Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:48:57 -Empress Yang (Song dynasty) - Wikipedia,"Empress Yang (30 June 1162 – 18 January 1233), formally titled Empress Gongsheng, was a Chinese empress consort of the Song dynasty, married to Emperor Ningzong of Song. She served as the co-regent of Emperor Lizong and ultimately like a de facto empress regnant though not actually one from 1224 until her death in 1233 at the age of 71, having been the de facto ruler of the Southern Song Dynasty for 30 whole years.[1] Empress Yang, also known by the name Yang Meizi, is considered ""one of the most powerful empresses of the Song dynasty and is allegedly considered the Southern Song Dynasty's most powerful Empress at the time""[2] - She was genuinely asserted to have been wise and intelligent, ruthless and at times malicious while she tried to maintain a saintly and liberal acumen she was an astute wielder of power both virtually and actually at court and in the palace, manipulative and strangely enough from an ambiguous background. However contemporary history suggests that she just had most of her history altered for entirely political reasons. - To become a most competent Sovereign she was the second Empress in the dynasty after the Empress Dowager Liu to come from a humble background to become the most powerful woman in the world serving as the de facto ruler of the Southern Song Dynasty for 22 years and through political machinations as Imperial Regent de jure for 8 years. - It is said that she came from Kuaiji. She was reportedly either the biological or the adopted daughter of a female musician, Zhang Shansheng (d. 1170), who was at one point employed in the palace, and became an actress in service of the Empress Dowager Wu.[1] Historical accounts indicate that Zhang Shansheng left the palace, but eventually returned after learning that her daughter would become a famous politician through a vision. Zhang Shansheng then returned to the palace as a court musician, rising through the ranks due to her musical abilities. Empress Wu called for Madame Zhang sometime after her arrival, only to find that Madame Zhang had, by that point, passed away. Yang Meizi, her daughter, was the natural substitute, and was placed immediately into imperial precincts.[2] - In this position, she came to the attention of the future Emperor Ningzong. It is important to note that many biographical details about Empress Yang are unclear, and, while this simply be a product of misplaced facts over the past centuries, some studies have noted the potential for purposeful omissions in her personal details for political reasons.[2] - Recent historiography uncovered a connection between Yang Meizi and Empress Yang, connecting them after centuries of belief that they were in fact two different people. This discovery led to the upheaval of previous narratives about both people. Yang Meizi, hitherto dismissed as concerned chiefly with romance and beauty, was granted a dimension of leadership and acumen. Empress Yang, already respected, added an aspect of humanity which was formerly foreign.[2] - In 1195, the first year of the Qingyuan era, she married with Zhao Kuang, and was named the Lady of Pingle Commandery (平乐郡夫人). She was promoted to the title jieyu (婕妤) three years later in 1197 when sadly Grand Empress Dowager Wu nearly 83 years old perished within the Cifu Palace which to her was a shock and it seemed like she'd lost her main pillar in the harem. She had the palace eunuchs find an official who was willing to be her accomplice in changing her family history, and with his cooperation, she claimed to be the sister of the official Yang Cishan, and assumed his surname Yang after which she invited him to the palace for a ""reunion feast"" to celebrate the discovery of her long lost family.[1] who proved to be sufficiently helpful in her rise as In the fifth year of Qingyuan (1199), Yang was promoted to wanyi (婉仪), and to guifei which was the Highest Title a secondary wife could attain (贵妃) a year later. - In 1200, Empress Gongshu died of an illness. Both Beauty Cao (曹美人), described as gentle and submissive, and Yang who had borne the Emperor two sons were favoured by the emperor. On top of that, She had managed to effectively run the harem and preside over most duties of the Inner Court given the absence of a strong Empress Dowager at the time. Han Tuozhou, an uncle of the dead Empress Han, advised against the appointment of Yang because of her ambition having been a commoner who became a Consort he dreaded her talents so much. The Emperor arranged a dinner for each consort to decide which one to make his empress. Yang allowed Cao to have her dinner first. This meant, that the Emperor came to Yang's dinner at night, being already somewhat drunk after having attended the dinner of consort Cao. Yang convinced the drunk emperor to sign the edict making her empress at the table.[1] The first edict was intercepted by Han Tuozhou, as she had expected. Believing he had won over her, Han Tuozhou relaxed his guard, while Yang triumphed over him by convincing the emperor to sign another edict making her empress.[1] - Empress Yang proved in no time a de facto boss as soon as she came to the phoenix throne and became an Empress and given the conditions in the palace they each proved more than favourable. - Her husband Emperor Ningzong was a man who had been brought up as a pampered child, he was the unfortunate victim of the terrible family conflicts between both His father the Emperor Guangzong and his grandfather the Retired Emperor Xiaozong a situation which exacerbated with the intense rivalries between his mother the Empress Li and his Great Grandmother the Grand Empress Dowager Wu. As a result, he appeared to have never emotionally recovered from these psychological wounds and even if he was mature and possessed the qualities of a good ruler, he was a man of frail health and questionable mental faculties which suited the Empress Yang's exploits. - Empress Yang did not forgive Han Tuozhou for hampering her coronation, tried several times to turn the emperor against him first by appointing the members of the Wu Clan to power to rival the growing influence of the Han Clan under him and even had her brother rise to the position of A General he lived like a First rank Marquis which politically empowered her. - Following the Jin-Song wars of 1205-07 which ended in a stalemate, she'd garnered immense support as the Militaristic Han Touzhou had become unpopular which fermented enough hatred towards him and sowed seeds that were sufficient for her to orchestrate his downfall as the Emperor grew less confident in him and furthermore with the death of Empress Han there was no one to plead his case as the last surviving Empress Dowager in the Palace Grand Empress Dowager Xie was herself ailing and near death as she was also entirely politically detached even within the harem and the Inner Court. - Finally, the Empress Yang sent her ally Shi Miyuan and her brother Yang Cishan to murder him in 1207, on his way to the Palace for the Daily Assembly, he was intercepted at the Sixth Platoon Bridge by the Imperial Guard Commander Xie, dragged into the Yuchin garden right outside the Imperial City and by a mob of infuriated elite Palace guards, he was bludgeoned to death amidst great humiliation only a few hours to the hour of noon.[1] The emperor discovered the plot, but she pleaded with him not to side with her enemy less she should commit suicide, and he agreed not to interfere.[1] - Her ally Shi Miyuan rose in rank to the position of Minister of Rites and eventually became Grand chancellor a year later, a position in which he came to dominate the Imperial Court to the point of even placing spies within the Palace, nothing that happened within the Palace was kept secret from him he even had a girl placed as a spy with the designated crown prince of the emperor. -Empress Yang is among the many regents in ancient China said to have partaken in ghostwriting. She was capable of mimicking her husband Emperor Ningzong's handwriting, and she sometimes used this ghostwriting ability for her political maneuverings. It is highly possible that she has appropriated Ningzong's hand to send out imperial ""consents"" for Han Tuozhou, her political rival, to be expelled from the imperial precincts and be assassinated.[2] Ghostwriting was also used extensively by rulers in and around the Song dynasty as a way of delegation of imperial responsibility, but was sometimes cast in bad light because of its inclusion of the lower classes as ghostwriters. Empress Yang was among those who employed ghostwriters on occasion for her own political endeavors.[3] - It was quite clear from the very beginning that the Empress Yang enjoyed political favour and on a number of occasions acted wisely with self restraint with the intention of curtailing the possibility of being censured for her interference lest she'd be dubbed more less like the Empress Zhangxian of the Liu Clan and the Empress Wu Hou of the Tang Dynasty. - Nonetheless, a Balance of Power existed at the Imperial Court between the bureaucracy and the Palace and a relationship which was mutually prosperous ensued especially when her foster son Zhao Kai who had been designated the Crown Prince loved and respected her as though she was his mother and on a number of occasions she supported his claims and accorded her political counsel it made it close to impossible to diminish her influence that she vividly stood out to represent the true power behind the throne and Emperor Ningzong grew to trust her to soon enough make her his secret Chief advisor, she revised his petitions and suggested appointments and dismissals of officials in the Court. - Her power was climaxed when she had the Imperial Seal that had once been misused by Han Touzhou returned to the palace and particularly in her care which Imperial prerogative had last been exercised by the Late Grand Empress Dowager Wu her mentor and perfect master she was remarked to have possessed the poise of the Empress Wu. - This privilege had continued for about fifteen years and she lacked sufficient opposition especially since her ally Shi Miyuan controlled the Grand Chancellory but just as she was up for yet another challenge, a young contender was to be beckoned with. - Zhao Hong who was the adopted son of Zhao Kai, who in turn was the biological son of Emperor Xiaozong and therefore, an adopted cousin of the reigning Emperor Ningzong was more than determined to downplay the Empress' growing political influence. - Such a passionate young man he had so seemed when the Crown Prince Zhao Xun died in 1220 from dysentery and Emperor Ningzong asked for a boy at least 14 years old to adopt with the hope of eliminating the possibility of a regency following his death. Zhao Hong was selected, adopted, and installed as Crown Prince in 1221 while the Empress watched quietly. - By nature, the New Crown Prince was a man of versatile attitudes and no compromise, independent and not the type of person to play second fiddle to a woman and while the Empress went to great efforts to try and strengthen her mother and foster son relationship in the hopes of pacifying him, his ambitions served to demolish whatever efforts the aging woman had invested as he made a rather indirect public disregard of her which situation became poisonous when he started to censure her involvement in the affairs of State and served to continue showing his support to Consort Cao her one time rival for the Empress' throne. - Given all the divergent incidents transpiring in the Imperial Court, the powerful Grand Chancellor and political ally of Empress Yang Shi Miyuan did not want Hong to succeed Ningzong when he died because Shi Miyuan had once found Zhao Hong sober and passed out on his quarters and in 1223, a lute-playing girl forced to act like a spy by Shi Miyuan spied on Zhao Hong and reported to Shi that once Zhao Hong would become Emperor, he would banish and exile Shi Miyuan and subordinates to the far south. - The Empress had tried so much to warn the young man she'd even cautioned him saying ""If Your Imperial Highness would be kind to listen to loyal officials then surely the Mandate of Heaven shall be vested in you but should their will become for you a hamper to curtail your ambitions, assured for you is the fate of entirely dire consequences"" but to no avail and Shi Miyuan not wanting to lose his power decided to send his ally Yu Tianxi to locate a suitable heir. Yu found Zhao Yuju, a minor official in Shaoxing and sent him to Shi. Shi decided to groom him as the potential heir renaming him Zhao Guicheng and forced Empress Yang onto the plot but allegedly herself insatiable she was bound to agree as long as it meant that she'd retain her power and even gain more. - When Emperor Ningzong died, Shi Miyuan wished to have another of the Imperial princes, Zhao Yun, placed on the throne instead. Empress Yang had initially refused to cooperate, but when Shi Miyuan threatened to have the entire Yang clan massacred, she agreed to fabricate the edict which installed Zhao Yun on the throne that he first brought Zhao Guicheng into the throne room and put him on the dragon throne and then called Zhao Hong into the room without any bodyguards. Shi Miyuan then said that Zhao Guicheng was now the Emperor sparking protests from Zhao Hong until he was forced to bow in recognition of Zhao Guicheng. Zhao Hong was moved to a nearby prefecture, Huzhou where he could live in luxury. - In gratitude for giving him the throne, Emperor Lizong invited her to reign as his co-regent behind a lowered silk and pearl screen.[1] She accepted the offer and ruled jointly with him until her death in 1233, eight years later.[1] To the opposition of many at court, she selected Empress Xie Daoqing rather than the emperor's favorite Consort Jia (died 1247) as empress. - Empress Dowager Yang in assuming the co-regency with Emperor Lizong whom she had adopted become a most astute wielder of power at the Imperial Court and could just issue about any decree that she wanted when she wanted it, became the arbitrator of bureaucratic disputes and went ahead to celebrate her birthday's with special names that In the second year of Baoqing (1226), Empress Gongsheng became Empress dowager Shouming. In the first year of Shaoding (1228), she was additionally named Empress Dowager Shoumingcirui (寿明慈睿皇太后). In the fourth year of Shaoding (1231), she was made Empress Dowager Shoumingrenfucirui (寿明仁福慈睿皇太后) - She proved not so different from her other predecessors when she went ahead to send envoys to the Jurchens in her own name and also had open meetings with the Courtiers especially Shi Miyuan her long time ally it was rumoured that because of this relationship they shared they to some people looked no different from lovers. She went an extra step to style herself as Her Imperial Majesty and the Officials referred to her as ""Bixia"" which titles was reserved for only Emperors and because Emperor Lizong allowed himself to be politically dominated by his foster mother, her actions ultimately made her appear no less than an Emperor herself as she could appoint and dismiss any official as she pleased, pass Edicts without the Emperor's consent, used ""Zhen"" to refer to herself, she was at the head of all ceremony, the final Court of Appeal and aside from the Grand Chancellor for National stability and peace was the only person entitled to provide guidance and advice to the Imperial Crown. - It was in Emperor Lizong's regime that she further cemented her political footing having been instrumental in crushing Zhao Hong's revolt where he decided to return to the capital to take his rightful throne after he yielded to the pressure from his supporters. The coup d'état intended for victory in merely weeks was rendered a political fiasco after which he was deemed a rebel on her own charges of treason and conspiring against the throne, the nation and the Court, he was tried by a State Tribunal which was her handiwork and even though the Emperor was unwilling to kill him, the verdict in days' time was ruled in her favour and the young Prince met his fatal end with her instituting his punishment as an imperial order to commit suicide by strangulation that his filthy blood might not stain the palace. - Her rather kind nature on the outside proved her to be a most popular political figure however beyond the Imperial Court among the people however and she in turn was idolized as the Goddess of mercy Guanyin and being a staunch patron of the Arts and Buddhism spent much of her personal wealth renovating and expanding temple complexes, funding the academies and also retraining and requipping the Southern Song Dynasty's army which having gone through long regimes of peace had become an inefficient institution. - More than once she persisted to carry out a number of Religious ceremonies in public which accorded her a celestial aura for example the Sericultural Ceremony to the goddess of silkworms which she carried out as the Empress Dowager yet it had been largely reserved for Empress Consorts alone and the worship at the Ancestral Temple which had become another popularised trend by powerful Empress Dowagers following the Example of the Empress Zhangxian which ritual was supposed to be done by the Emperor she was therefore the third and last woman ruler to do so after Empresses Liu and Wu of the Gaozong Emperor both of the Song Dyansty. - In the last decade of her life and 30 year de facto reign over the Empire, the once weak and vulnerable state with its military force had become a strong formidable one as she reduced greatly the influence of the merchant clans and political factions in the Court and restored more power to the throne which had been largely curtailed following the reign of the Guangzong Emperor and his wife the Empress Li. - She made other contributions to farmers by renting out the idle fertile lands of the Imperial family to the commoners, fostered International trading relations with Goryeo and Japan, India and Tibet and went ahead to develop roads and trading centres which economically strengthened the Empire and eventually rid the Southern Song Court of Corrupt officials which oversaw its survival that she was responsible for concluding an alliance with the Mongols which safeguarded the State from foreign threats. - She continued to expand the number of applicants from humble families to take the Imperial examinations and become officials in the Southern Song Dynasty but however, she had built a system only she could sustain. - In the fifth year, she died in Ciming Palace, and was named Gongshengrenlie (恭圣仁烈) posthumously. - After her death, the influence of the Yang, Shi, Ma and Wu Clans on which she had greatly relied for her own political survival consequently diminished. Shi Miyuan though still Grand Chancellor was psychologically and emotionally troubled suffered from trauma considering how close he had been with the Empress Dowager which led many to speculate that the two political allies had even been lovers. Historically though it is asserted that Shi Miyuan never recovered from the depression and grief and his grip over State Affairs loosened as his health declined and eventually he died ten months later to be succeeded by Deng Daqian. - Consequently the rapid decline of the Song Dynasty was because she had left behind a poor and weak choice of an Empress for her successor and the Emperor Lizong did little to improve the condition of his people as he lacked her foresight and advice and was least interested in handling the affairs of State. - By the time of her death in 1233, the Empress Dowager Yang had been the eighth of nine Powerful Southern Song Empresses Liu, Cao, Gao, Xiang, Meng, Wu, Li the stage soon turned in favour of another fair Empress Xie, her own daughter in law she'd earlier own supported that unbeknownst to many, she was bound to be last great powerful Empress of Nan Song. - Empress Yang is one of the most prominent Song dynasty poets who wrote in the genre of Shengping (升平).[5] Shengping poetry, a style created by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty when he was admiring spring blossoms with members of his court, focused primarily on the celebration of court life and the prospect of a peaceful and prosperous world under the court rule.[6] Around fifty surviving poems of Empress Yang were collected by Mao Jin in the Ming dynasty and included in the Er Jia Gong Ci (二家宫词）alongside those of Emperor Huizong.[7] It is worth mentioning that Empress Yang was one of the only four female poetry writers of the Song Dynasty whose works have survived, which makes her works even more valuable.[8] Formatted mainly in the style of Qi Jue (七绝), Yang's Gong Ci poems depict the rich beauty of the imperial court, focusing on the elaborate lives of court figures of the emperor as well as courtesans and ministers of the inner court and celebrate the peace and stability of the Southern Song Dynasty perceived from her standpoint as an Empress.[9] Similar to her poetic inscriptions, Empress Yang also regularly utilized the metaphor of flowers or other natural subjects as a metaphor for celebrating people or general characteristics of the royal family. For example, in the thirteenth entry of her Gong Ci, the description of lotus flowers in bloom is in fact an allegory for the lively peace of imperial court:[10] - The curtains of the water hall are hooked to the wind, the rich blossoms of the lotus flowers have reddened people's reflections. My Emperor have finished his song on the flowery strings, and all earthly annoyance have trickled away. - Utilizing the imagery of a naturalistic water hall and blooming lotus, the first two lines of the poem highlights the beauty of the imperial garden, signifying the free-flowing and vibrant spirit of the royal family. The subsequent two lines then demonstrate the artistic talent of the emperor for being able to transcend ""all the vulgarities"" with his instrument, implying the main theme of celebrating the harmony of the court and the pursuit of literary elegance. - Some scholars believe that Holding Wine Cups under the Moon (Tianjin Museum) and Cherry Blossoms and Oriole (Shanghai Museum) are painted by Empress Yang. It is also widely believed that the Hundred Flowers Scroll, the oldest surviving painting by female artist in Chinese art history, should be attributed to Empress Yang, but there are many controversies surrounding this issue.[4] - Empress Yang is best known for her collaborations with the Song court painter Ma Yuan. She was a gifted calligrapher, and her poems often graced Ma Yuan's works in a sort of accompaniment or explanation. It can be argued that recent art history values the poems more than the paintings, as they are indicative of the opinions and views of the nobility. Empress Yang's increasing popularity has also made some of her work far more valuable as of late. - Stylistically, Ma Yuan favored the infusion of nature with humans and man-made structures. As was indicative of his time, the landscape is not merely a background, but a subject - a living, dynamic, active player in the work. Depictions of royal architecture are central to his style, partly due to trends in art during his time, but also due to his occupation as a court painter.[11] Specifically for his work with Empress Yang, light imagery and illustrations of the graceful facets of natural Chinese landscapes - blossoms, bamboo, and mountains are among the most abundant images in works between the two. - A perfect example of such a collaboration is Ma Yuan's Night Banquet, currently housed in Taipei's National Palace Museum. It depicts the title event in the characteristic details of Emperor Ningzong's administration while staying true to the painter's style and the demands of Song artistic culture. In the background, large mountains rise above the horizon, while fog and low clouds occupy the vertical center. Far below, a palace is pictured, with several ministers and court patrons exchanging pleasantries. The arrangement of the features in the work give room above the palace for Empress Yang's calligraphy, which emphasizes the feelings of a warm, damp summer night in Hangzhou, the capital of the Song dynasty. Further connecting the poem and the painting, a recent feat of art historians of the period, are details about the Han Hall, presumably the palace pictured, and descriptions of such an event as a banquet.[11] - Night Banquet is a prime example of the themes explored in Empress Yang's poetry, as she reimagined literary culture to represent the values common in Confucian women while fundamentally challenging assumptions of the gender held by many in her time. For example, her encouragement of such frivolities involving alcohol as those depicted in Night Banquet could be seen as unbecoming of a Confucian woman, but she was also politically inclined to support the customs of the nobility. Her embrace of the noble culture and the reclamation of that culture for women has made her a famous figures in contemporary studies of how gender roles were challenged in older East Asian societies. - Empress Yang is also the writer of several important inscriptions in the paintings of Xia Gui, a landscape painter of Song Dynasty, such as in Twelve Views of Landscape. Based on her achievement in poetic inscription, art historian John Hay commented that ""before [Empress Yang's] time no scroll or fan was ever viewed as such an intimate union of word and image.""[12] - Ma Yuan, Attending the Banquet by Lantern Light, with poetic inscription attributed to Emperor Ningzong. Early thirteenth century, Southern Song period. Hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 111.9 x 535 cm. National Palace Museum, Taipei. - Ma Yuan, Apricot Blossoms. Twelfth century. Southern Song period. Album leaf, ink and color on silk, 25.2 x 25.3 cm. National Palace Museum, Taipei. - Ma Lin, Layer upon Layer of Icy Tips. Dated 1216, Southern Song period. Hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 101.7 x 49.6 cm. Palace Museum, Beijing. - Ma Yuan, Peach Blossoms. Album leaf, 25.8 x 27.3 cm. National Palace Museum, Taipei. - Ma Yuan, Dong shan Wading through Water, with encomium by Empress Yang. Early thirteenth century. Southern Song period. Hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 77.6x33cm. Tokyo National Museum. - Ma Yuan, Holding Wine Cups under the Moon. Late twelfth to early thirteenth century. Southern Song period. Album leaf, ink and color on silk, 25.3 x 27.5 cm. Tianjin Art Museum. - Ma Yuan, Twelve Scenes of Water. Dated 1222. Album leaves mounted as a handscroll. Ink and light color on silk, 26.8 x 41.6 cm, each. Palace Museum, Beijing. - Ma Yuan, Presenting Wine. Late twelfth to early thirteenth century. Southern Song period. Album leaf, ink and color on silk, 25.6 x 28.5 cm. Tang Shi Fan Collection. - Anonymous, Golden Blossoms of the Weeping Willow. Twelfth century. Southern Song period. Album leaf, ink and color on silk. 25.8 x 24.6 cm. Palace Museum, Beijing. - This painting differs from most other paintings carrying an inscription by Empress Yang: it is attributed not to Ma Yuan, but to his son Ma Lin; it is a hanging scroll, a more public medium than the usual fan or album leaf; the dedicated recipient is not Emperor Ningzong, but rather the Supervisor in Chief Wang. It is originally one of a set of four hanging scrolls depicting different plum blossoms.[2] - The painting features two branches covered with white blossoms of palace plum (gongmei). Empress Yang's poetic inscription utilized the poetic mode of yongwu, or the singing of objects, to foster a personal reading of the blossoms. She portrays the plum as a timeless beauty withstanding the winter cold, pure and lofty—the qualities that Empress Yang wished to associate herself with as a powerful empress.[2] - The calligraphy style of this inscription is notably different from Empress Yang's calligraphy in an earlier painting, Apricot Blossoms. While the former can be characterized as smooth and bold, the later seems more slender and restrained. It is deduced that in Layer, she was perhaps mimicking the calligraphy style of Yan Zhenqing, a renowned calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. The calligraphy of Layer borrowed the proportion of Yan's characters, as each stroke was distributed evenly. The details of the brushwork—such as the heavy and tapered vertical strokes, and the “swallowtail” notch at the end of the right-falling strokes—demonstrated her deep learning of the calligraphy style of the Tang Dynasty. The employment of this ""masculine"" style of writing perhaps also reflects Empress Yang's own political ambition in the Song court.[14] - The Empress Yang was an Empowering and virtuous sagacious Empress Dowager who was diplomatic and she reformed and strengthened the Southern Song Dynasty and through her political skills safeguarded it from the Mongols and the Jurchens, ultimately she had a hand in the destruction of the enemy Jurchen Empire that had long terrorized the Song Empire and earned her place as the most fairly liberal Empress of her time. - Empress Yang was a woman above all deception and if the History books never had it then it was that she was a most remarkable mortal goddess and even her funeral was conducted no different from that of an Emperor that even the Ming Dynasty scholars though censuring her asserted that she was in deed a very capable Monarch much as there isn't adequate historical evidence to pronounce about how powerful she was because the shift in the Dynasties roughly fifty years later so a lot of destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty records, it remains that she was none the less one of the most influential women in Chinese History that are revered to this very day. - It is believed that in the Song Dynasty's Imperial history out of its nine Great Empresses, Empress Yang alongside Empress Liu, Empress Gao and Empress Wu were the most politically apt and broad-minded. -",2023-08-26 17:49:01 -Athletics at the 1991 Pan American Games – Women's high jump - Wikipedia,"The women's high jump event at the 1991 Pan American Games was held in Havana, Cuba on 5 August.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 17:49:04 -Soccer Quebec - Wikipedia,"Soccer Quebec (formerly (French: Fédération Québécoise de Soccer FQS) or the Quebec Soccer Federation (QSF)) is the governing body for soccer in the Canadian province of Quebec. The QSF is one of thirteen provincial and territorial federations members of the Canadian Soccer Association. It is headquartered in Laval. - This federation was founded in 1911 and adopted its current name in 2000. - On June 10, 2013, the Canadian Soccer Association suspended the Quebec Soccer Federation over its refusal to let turban-wearing children play.[1] Quebec's premier Pauline Marois announced her support of the Quebec Soccer Federation's ban and suggested that the CSF has no authority over provincial organizations.[2] - In 2014, the QSF removed the ban after a ruling from FIFA that turbans are allowed for male players.[3] - - This article about an association football-related organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:49:08 -"Church of St. Felix, Girona - Wikipedia","The Collegiate Church of St. Felix (Catalan: Col·legiata de Sant Feliu)[1] is a basilica dedicated to St. Felix[2] in the Catalan city of Girona, dating to the early days of Christianity. It houses the offices of the Parish of Sant Feliu, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Girona, so called because it was the main church of Girona before the construction of the Girona Cathedral.[3] Its construction, in honor of Felix of Girona (Sant Feliu), occurred from the 12th century until the 17th century. It retains much of the Romanesque construction, completed later with a Gothic nave and a covered baroque facade. It is notable for its eight Roman and early Christian sarcophagi of the 3rd and 4th centuries, along with the Gothic tomb of Narcissus of Girona who, according to tradition, was one of the early bishops of the see.[4] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°59′01″N 2°49′00″E / 41.9836°N 2.8167°E / 41.9836; 2.8167 -",2023-08-26 17:49:12 -Følle - Wikipedia,"Følle is a suburb of Rønde in Syddjurs Municipality, Denmark. - - This article about a location in the Central Denmark Region is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:49:16 -"Madison Park, Seattle - Wikipedia","Madison Park is a neighborhood in east central Seattle, Washington, USA, named after the city park at the foot of E. Madison Street on the Lake Washington shore. It is bounded on the east by Lake Washington; on the south by the intersection of Lake Washington Boulevard E. and 39th Avenue E., beyond which is Denny-Blaine; on the west by Lake Washington Boulevard E.; and on the north by Union Bay. -Washington Park and the private Broadmoor community and golf course are subunits within Madison Park. The neighborhood's main thoroughfares are E. Madison Street (northeast- and southwest-bound) and McGilvra Boulevard E. (north- and southbound). - Madison Park in the early 1900s was a popular destination for people who lived in Downtown Seattle and continues to draw from Capitol Hill and beyond, especially on warmer days. Though very close to the city center, it was seen as a summer getaway, with a cable car leading over the hills to the lake, park, swimming beach and ferries to destinations across Lake Washington. - Today, Madison Park is an upscale residential community with a number of restaurants and eateries. - Madison Park's Pioneer Hall (also known as Washington Pioneer Hall) is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, ID #70000645. -  WikiMiniAtlas47°38′5.8″N 122°16′43.9″W / 47.634944°N 122.278861°W / 47.634944; -122.278861 - - This King County, Washington state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:49:19 -Raunaq Kamdar - Wikipedia," - Raunaq Kamdar (born 1986) is an Indian actor known for his work in Gujarati cinema and Gujarati theatre. - Born in 1986 at Mumbai, Kamdar completed his schooling at St. Xavier’s High School, Ahmedabad, and studied architecture at CEPT University, Ahmedabad.[1][2][3] - He started his acting career in theatre in 2001[4] and directed several plays including Frigyes Karinthy's The Refund.[5][3][6] The plays which he produced include Ismat Apa ke Naam, Katha Collage, Pune Highway, Class of 64, and The Interview.[3] He started his film career with the 2016 Gujarati film Hu Tu Tu Tu – Aavi Ramat Ni Rutu (2016)[7], and later played lead role in Tuu to Gayo (2016),[8] Family Circus (2018),[9] Have Thase Baap Re (2019),[10] Order Order Out of Order (2019).[11] He appeared in Ekvismu Tiffin (2021) directed by Vijaygiri Bava.[12] He was praised for his role in Naadi Dosh (2022).[13] He acted in Chabutro (2022).[14] - He has played major role in several plays:[3] - Kamdar was featured on The Times 50 Most Desirable Men of India 2019.[17][18] He was named as Gujarat's ""Most Desirable Man of 2019"" by Ahmedabad Times.[19] -",2023-08-26 17:49:23 -Apologia - Wikipedia,"An apologia (Latin for apology, from Greek ἀπολογία, ""speaking in defense"") is a formal defense of an opinion, position or action.[1][2] The term's current use, often in the context of religion, theology and philosophy, derives from Justin Martyr's First Apology (AD 155–157) and was later employed by John Henry Newman's Apologia Pro Vita Sua (English: A Defense of One's Own Life) of 1864,[3] which presented a formal defense of the history of his Christian life, leading to his acceptance by the Catholic Church in 1845.[4] In modern usage, apologia describes a formal defense and should not be confused with the sense of the word 'apology' as an expression of regret; however, apology may mean apologia,[5] depending on the context of use. - The etymology of apologia (Greek: ἀπολογία) is derived from the root word apologos (ἀπόλογος), ""a speech in defense"",[6] and the corresponding verb form apologeisthai (ἀπολογεῖσθαι) ""to speak in one's defense"".[3] The Greek philosophers Plato, Isocrates, and Aristotle described apologia as an oratory to defend positions or actions particularly in the sense of a legal defense. - Socrates believed an apology to be a well-thought justification of accusations made.[7] Socrates represents this act of defending oneself in Plato's Apology. Socrates justified the claims made against him by being direct and honest. Socrates' attempts at justification rather than expressing remorse were unsuccessful, demonstrating the complexity in apologies among individuals.[8] - The earliest English use of apologia followed from the Greek sense “a speech in defense"". In 1534 Thomas More wrote his Apology. - In 1590, a parallel meaning emerged meaning a ""frank expression of regret"". This parallel sense associated with ""apologizing"" for a wrong, progressively became the predominant usage until the 18th century when the older Latin meaning re-emerged to be recorded in 1784. This became the dominant meaning, owing in a large part to the publication of the influential work, Apologia Pro Vita Sua, in 1865.[3] - John Henry Newman was regarded as a premiere religious figure even before writing his definitive essay, Apologia Pro Vita Sua. The backdrop for the essay was a heated mid-century theological controversy. Newman and other Anglicans were calling for the Anglican church to return to earlier, more disciplined, traditions and an authoritarian hierarchy. Friction during the years from 1833 to 1841 led Newman and his allies in the Oxford Movement to publish a statement, the Tracts for the Times, to which Newman was a contributor. The tensions culminated in Newman's 1845 resignation as Anglican vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford and his departure from the Anglican church seeking to join the Roman Catholic Church.[1].[9] - One of Newman's rivals was Anglican Charles Kingsley of the Broad Church party, who responded to Newman's departure with written attacks impeaching Newman's truthfulness and honor. Newman's response was the flowing, almost poetic prose of the Apologia Pro Vita Sua, offering a spiritual autobiographical defense to Kingsley's accusations. The book was ultimately very well received by Anglicans and Catholics and was influential in turning public opinion in favor of Newman. The book became a bestseller that remains in print today. Two years after its publication, Newman was ordained by the Roman Catholics and soon became established as one of the foremost exponents of Catholicism in England.[1][9] - Roman Catholic writer Michael Davies later wrote a three-volume work entitled Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre, defending the SSPX founder, Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Davies wrote in his introduction to the first volume that the use of the term apologia in the title is used as a ""reasoned explanation"", rather than literal apology, in the same vein as the early Christian apologists.[10] - In her 1993 article, ""The Evolution of the Rhetorical Genre of Apologia"", Sharon Downey argues that apologia has undergone significant changes because its function has changed throughout history.[11] Downey takes on a critical generic approach to the feasibility of apologia. - Halford Ryan advocates that apologia should be understood as part of a pair with kategoria (κατηγορία), an accusatory speech that motivates apologia as a defensive response. Ryan argues that these should be treated as a single rhetorical speech set.[12] - Ware and Linkugel (1973) identified four common strategies seen in apologetic discourse which are denial, bolstering, differentiation, and transcendence.[13] -",2023-08-26 17:49:26 -Mohamed Krid - Wikipedia,"Mohamed Ali Krid (born 12 May 1991),[1] also known as Mohamed Krid (Arabic: محمد قريد), is a Paralympian athlete from Tunisia competing mainly in category F34 throwing events. - He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There he won a silver medal in the men's F33-34/52 javelin throw event. - - This biographical article relating to Tunisian athletics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a Paralympic medalist of Tunisia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:49:30 -Cultural Arts Center - Wikipedia,"The Priscilla R. Tyson Cultural Arts Center is a combination art gallery and teaching space, primarily for visual artists and crafters, in downtown Columbus, Ohio. It is a 38,500 square-foot space at 139 West Main Street, and is part of the city's Scioto Mile tourist district.[1] Features of the space include a ceramics lab in the basement, with painting and weaving labs on upper floors. It offers community oriented arts classes at a variety of levels, and is also utilized as an events space.[2][3] -[4][5] - The site of the center was originally a state penitentiary, in 1814. It was demolished and rebuilt in 1861 as it exists today by prisoner labor as the Ohio State Arsenal. This brick Italianate arsenal building housed weapons and horses during the American Civil War. Historical artifacts on site include an eagle-and-shield from the battleship USS Ohio and a bell from the missile cruiser the USS Columbus. A proposed flag of Ohio briefly flew over the arsenal.[6] The arsenal building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 18, 1974. The Cultural Arts Center is also featured on many of Columbus's historical tours.[7][8] - Access to the building was acquired by the city from the state through a 99-year lease at a cost of $1/year. It was transformed into an arts center starting in 1976, with the help of a $1.4 million grant from the US Department of Commerce, with the official opening on June 11, 1978.[2][9] The arts center was formerly housed in the old Engine House No. 12, from 1952 to 1978. - The building was named for Priscilla Tyson, the longest-serving female councilmember in the Columbus City Council, in 2023.[10] -",2023-08-26 17:49:34 -De La Salle Canlubang - Wikipedia,"The De La Salle Canlubang, currently the De La Salle University – Laguna Campus, was a private Catholic basic and higher education institution and a member institution of De La Salle Philippines run by the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Biñan, Laguna, Philippines. It is located right across the Laguna Technopark district. The campus, which was acquired on 2003, is a 50-hectare (120-acre) prime property. Part of this property was donated by the family of the late National Artist for Architecture Leandro Locsin (DLSU HS 1947). - In 2012, the administrators of De La Salle University- Manila and De La Salle Canlubang approved the integration of DLSC to DLSU, becoming the DLSU Science & Technology Complex or DLSU Leandro V. Locsin Campus, then later renamed to De La Salle University – Laguna Campus. - The Brothers of the Christian Schools, officially known as Fratres Scholarum Christianarum or FSC, is a congregation dedicated to the teachings espoused by Saint Jean Baptiste de La Salle. - The first De La Salle School in the Philippines was opened on June 16, 1911, along General Luna, Paco, Manila at the request of the Archbishop of Manila. In 1921, the school was moved to its present site on Taft Avenue. Unable to accommodate requests for admission to the elementary grades, they had to revert an earlier policy not to expand. To date, they have spread out to different provinces. The Brothers have since opened in Greenhills, Antipolo, Lipa, Bacolod, Iligan, Dasmarinas, and Alabang. They have also undertaken supervision of some schools in Manila, Cavite, Bataan, Cebu, Bukidnon, Surigao del Sur, Negros Occidental, Masbate, Capiz, and Ozamis. Today they are known as De La Salle Supervised Schools. - Around 1977, the idea of having another La Salle School, this time in the Laguna area was conceptualized. This was when Architect Lindy Locsin, then a member of Manila's De La Salle University (DLSU) board of Trustees, offered to donate several hectares of his family's land to La Salle. In 1997, this generous donation of the Locsins was realized. La Salle purchased additional contiguous lands making De La Salle Canlubang a sprawling fifty-hectare campus. - Laguna is fast becoming the country's industrial and technological site. Its large, industrial companies presently make it the home of the first Science Technological Park. In response to the ever-quickening pace of scientific and technological development of modern times, the concept of a three-level science and technology oriented school took root. Hence, De La Salle Canlubang (DLSC) was established in June 2003 in order to address the educational concerns of our nation with its youth as its strength. They are envisioned to be grounded on science and technological skills cloaked in the ideals of St. La Salle as an answer to the demands and challenges of the 21st century. - The Integrated school opened its doors to 240 students from preschool to grade 4 and grade 8 (second year high school) during its first year. The curriculum adapts to the science education as its basis. Science emphasizes hands-on exploration and direct experience with the natural world; thereby producing young scientists who are well-rounded and whose strength include: science and technological skills, clear-analytical thinking, and scientific literacy, to be active members of society. - After DLSC was integrated into DLSU to become De La Salle University Science and Technology Complex (DLSU -STC) in 2012, its Integrated School has grown to be one of the most progressive educational institutions south of Metro Manila with a population of more than 1,000 students from Kinder 1 to Grade 12 geared towards producing lifelong learners with the spirit of Faith, Service and Communion and equipped to meet the challenges of the new 2000 millennium. The campus was later renamed De La Salle University - Laguna Campus. - The first building to be constructed on campus is the four-storey Milagros V. del Rosario Building, which houses the school's administrative offices and classrooms. The building was donated to the school by Ambassador Ramon V. del Rosario. The building has 35 classrooms, a 200-seat auditorium, three audio-visual rooms, three libraries, a media lab, a dark room for the photography students, a radio station, a children's playroom, a robotics classroom, and three computer laboratories. Construction began in April 2002 and was completed in June 2003 and was designed by the firm L.V. Locsin and Partners. - Beginning construction in August 2005, the Integrated School building was finished in March 2006, right on time for the following academic year. The IS Building houses the classrooms and other spaces for the Nursery students of the Integrated School. The building used to have a canteen of its own near the Pergola, but now it is where the LC1 clinic is. - The Pergola is a multi-purpose hall for the students. It stands beside the new Integrated School Building. It is used for the weekly prayers (Every 1st Monday of each month), it also is where some of the sports activities are held in the annual Sports Fest. - It houses the classrooms for Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary school (Grades 1–4). Also considered to be part of LC1, LC1 Annex or more commonly Annex is where the Student Discipline and Formations Office or SDFO is. - -",2023-08-26 17:49:36 -Loretta Chen - Wikipedia," - Loretta Chen (born 2 December 1976), is a Singaporean theatre director, television presenter, radio personality and author. She was the Group Business Development & Creative Director of The Activation Group, a regional creative agency and production house. She is currently based in Honolulu but is Visiting Professor at the School of Leadership and Organisational Studies at the University of Southern Maine.[1] She is also Adjunct Professor in Stanford University, Carnegie Mellon, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University and University of Hawaii. - She is currently Co-Founder and CEO of Smobler, a metaverse architecture firm backed by The Sandbox and Brinc, both portfolio companies of Animoca Brands. - Chen studied at Anglo-Chinese Junior College and graduated from the National University of Singapore (NUS) with a degree in English Literature and Theatre Studies. She completed her master's degree at Royal Holloway, University of London. She began doctoral studies at the University of California, Los Angeles but transferred to NUS, graduating with a PhD in Theatre (Critical Theory).[2][3] - Chen was the Treasurer of the Association of Singapore Actors (ASA). In 2008, she was selected by the Mayor of the Northwest CDC to sit on the Arts and Culture Committee. In 2009, she was shortlisted as one of the Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) candidates for the Arts in Singapore, though an outspoken gay and human rights activist.[4] - Chen published her first book in 2014 with an autobiography, Woman on Top, about her family life and business career.[5][6] - In 2016, Chen wrote The Elim Chew Story: Driven by Purpose, Destined for Change, a biography about Elim Chew, a female entrepreneur who started the streetwear retail chain 77th Street.[5] - In 2017, Chen published a book, Madonnas and Mavericks: Power Women in Singapore, about 17 Singaporean women who have reached the peaks in various fields such as business, politics, advocacy, sports, lifestyle and the arts. The book includes Jennie Chua, Olivia Lum, Ivy Singh-Lim, Halimah Yacob and Sylvia Lim.[7][8] - Chen published her fourth book, Mana Wahine: Power Women in Hawaii in 2019. - In December 2022, Chen published M/OTHER, a book inspired by her mother who survived a brain tumor,[9] which explores the concept of motherhood and features interviews with parents who have faced challenges or have themselves challenged the norms. The book is a finalist in the Singapore Book Awards. - Chen has two older brothers, the elder of whom is former actor Edmund Chen,[3] the other brother, Eric Chen, manages The Activation Group alongside her.[10][11] - Chen is based in East Honolulu, Hawaii.[12] -",2023-08-26 17:49:40 -"St. George, Lauderhill, Florida - Wikipedia","St. George was a census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,450 at the 2000 census. It now serves as a neighborhood of Lauderhill, Florida. - St. George is located at  WikiMiniAtlas26°8′3″N 80°11′43″W / 26.13417°N 80.19528°W / 26.13417; -80.19528 (26.134210, -80.195363).[2] - According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.2 km2 (0.4 mi2), all land. - As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 2,450 people, 748 households, and 613 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,102.1/km2 (5,460.3/mi2). There were 776 housing units at an average density of 665.8/km2 (1,729.5/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.39% White, 97.35% African American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population. - There were 748 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 31.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.0% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28 and the average family size was 3.59. - In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males. - The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $39,043. Males had a median income of $32,378 versus $22,286 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,410. About 9.4% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over. - As of 2000, English as a first language accounted for 98.35% of all residents, while Spanish was the mother tongue of 1.64% of the population.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:49:43 -Spencer County High School - Wikipedia,"Spencer County High School is a public high school located in Taylorsville, Kentucky. - Spencer County's school colors are royal blue and white and their nicknames are Bears (boys) and Lady Bears (girls). Through the Kentucky High School Athletic Association, Spencer County participates in the following sports:[2] - As of the 2018–2019 school year, Spencer County High School enrolled 912 students. 828 identified as white, 36 identified as Hispanic, thirty identified as multiracial, 12 identified as black, four identified as Asian, and two identified as American Indian/Alaska native.[1] - - This Kentucky school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:49:47 -Haywood Smith - Wikipedia,"Haywood Smith is an American author. She lives in Georgia.[1] - Smith's first book, Shadows in Velvet, won the Romantic Times 1996 Award for First Historical Romance.[2] Her first several books were historical romances, in settings including 17th Century France and England[3][4] and Medieval Scotland.[5] With Queen Bee of Mimosa Branch, she moved into writing women's fiction about women 50 years old and older, set in the Southern United States.[6][7] - Smith's books The Red Hat Club and Queen Bee of Mimosa Branch appeared on The New York Times Best Seller List.[8][9] -",2023-08-26 17:49:51 -Psoroglaena dictyospora - Wikipedia," - Psoroglaena dictyospora is a species of fungus belonging to the family Verrucariaceae.[2] - It is native to Europe and North America.[3] - -",2023-08-26 17:49:55 -Titoism - Wikipedia,"Titoism is a socialist political philosophy most closely associated with Josip Broz Tito during the Cold War.[1][2] It is characterized by a broad Yugoslav identity, socialist workers' self-management, a political separation from the Soviet Union, and leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement.[3][4] - Tito led the Communist Yugoslav Partisans during World War II in Yugoslavia.[5][6] After the war, tensions arose between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Although these issues alleviated over time, Yugoslavia still remained largely independent in ideology and policy[7] due to the leadership of Tito,[8] who led Yugoslavia until his death in 1980.[9] - Today, the term ""Titoism"" is sometimes used to refer to Yugo-nostalgia across political spectrum, a longing for reestablishment or revival of Yugoslavism or Yugoslavia by the citizens of Yugoslavia's successor states. - Initially a personal favourite of the USSR, Tito led the national liberation war to the Nazi occupation during World War II, where the Yugoslav Partisans liberated Yugoslavia with only limited help from the Red Army.[10][11][12] Tito met with the Soviet leadership several times immediately after the war to negotiate the future of Yugoslavia. Initially aligned with Soviet policy, over time, these negotiations became less cordial because Tito had the intention neither of handing over executive power nor of accepting foreign intervention or influence (a position Tito later continued within the Non-Aligned Movement).[13] - The Yugoslav regime first pledged allegiance, from 1945 to 1948, to Stalinism. But according to the Trotskyist (hence anti-Stalinist) historian Jean-Jacques Marie,[14] Stalin had planned to liquidate Tito as early as the end of the 1930s, and again after the Spanish Civil War, during which Tito participated in the recruitment and to the organization of the Dimitrov Battalion, a Balkan unit of the International Brigades, some of whose ex-combatants will be assassinated by the Soviets. - Tito's agreement with Bulgarian leader Georgi Dimitrov on Greater Yugoslavia projects, which meant to merge the two Balkan countries into a Balkan Federation, made Stalin anxious. This led to the 1947 cooperation agreement signed in Bled (Dimitrov also pressured Romania to join such a federation, expressing his beliefs during a visit to Bucharest in early 1948).[6] The Bled agreement, also referred to as the ""Tito–Dimitrov treaty"", was signed 1 August 1947 in Bled, Slovenia. It foresaw also unification between Vardar Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia and return of Western Outlands to Bulgaria. The integrationist policies resulting from the agreement were terminated after the Tito–Stalin split in June 1948, when Bulgaria was being subordinated to the interests of the Soviet Union and took a stance against Yugoslavia.[6] - The policy of regional blocs had been the norm in Comintern policies, displaying Soviet resentment of the nation states in Eastern Europe and of the consequences of Paris Peace Conference. With the 1943 dissolution of Comintern and the subsequent advent of the Cominform came Stalin's dismissal of the previous ideology, and adaptation to the conditions created for Soviet hegemony during the Cold War. - Moreover, Stalin did not have free rein in Yugoslavia as he did in other countries of the Fourth Moscow Conference on the partition of Europe; the USSR had not obtained preponderance there, as it was agreed in the Percentages agreement that he would retain only 50% influence over Yugoslavia. Tito therefore benefited from a margin of maneuver far greater than that of the other Southeast European leaders.[15] - When the rest of Eastern Europe became satellite states of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia refused to accept the 1948 Resolution of the Cominform[16][17][6] which condemned the leaders of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia[18] for allegedly abandoning Marxism-Leninism,[19] and any communists who sympathised with Yugoslavia.[20] The period from 1948 to 1955, known as the Informbiro, was marked by severe repression of opponents and many others accused of pro-Stalin attitudes being sent to the penal camp on Goli Otok in Yugoslavia.[21][22] Likewise, real and accused Titoists or 'Titoites' were met with similar treatment in Eastern Bloc countries, which furthermore served to publicize the dangers of challenging subservience to Moscow, as well as to purge 'unwanted' individuals from their Communist parties.[23] - Elements of Titoism are characterized by policies and practices based on the principle that in each country the means of attaining ultimate communist goals must be dictated by the conditions of that particular country, rather than by a pattern set in another country.[24] During Josip Broz Tito's era, this specifically meant that the communist goal should be pursued independently of and often in opposition to the policies of the Soviet Union.[25][26] - It is distinct from Joseph Stalin's ""socialism in one country"" theory, as Tito advocated cooperation between developing nations in the world through the Non-Aligned Movement while at the same time pursuing socialism in whatever ways best suited particular nations. In contrast, ""socialism in one country"" focused on large-scale collectivization and rapid industrialization within the Soviet Union, rather than the pursuit of proletarian internationalism, in order to compete with what Stalin perceived as the more advanced nations of the West. During Tito's era, his ideas specifically meant that the communist goal should be pursued independently of (and often in opposition to) what he referred to as the Stalinist and imperialist policies of the Soviet Union.[6] Through this split and subsequent policies some commentators have grouped Titoism with Eurocommunism or reformist socialism.[27] It was also meant to demonstrate the viability of a third way between the capitalist United States and the socialist Soviet Union.[28] - In fact, on the economic level, Tito simply took note of the inability of the Stalinist-type centralized bureaucratic economy to meet human needs and expanded the number and power of cooperatives and workers' councils, several years before Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR, before Imre Nagy in Hungary, Alexander Dubcek in Czechoslovakia, and Deng Xiaoping in China.[29] - Throughout his time in office, Tito prided himself on Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union, with Yugoslavia never accepting full membership in Comecon and Tito's open rejection of many aspects of Stalinism as the most obvious manifestations of this. The Soviets and their satellite states often accused Yugoslavia of Trotskyism and social democracy, charges loosely based on Tito's socialist self-management,[30][31] attempts at greater democratization in the workplace, and the theory of associated labor (profit sharing policies and worker-owned industries initiated by him, Milovan Đilas and Edvard Kardelj in 1950).[32] It was in these things that the Soviet leadership accused of harboring the seeds of council communism or even corporatism. Despite Tito's numerous disagreements with the USSR, Yugoslavia restored relations with the USSR in 1956 with the Belgrade declaration and it became an associated member of the Comecon in 1964. Therefore, Yugoslavia once again strengthened its economic and political ties with the USSR.[33] - Additionally, Yugoslavia joined the US-sponsored Balkan Pact in July 1953, a military alliance with two NATO member states — Greece and Turkey. The pact had been signed a few days before Stalin died, and the new Soviet government failed to develop any response. However, it was continually met with opposition by Albanian leader Enver Hoxha, who accused Tito and Yugoslavia for being agents of American imperialism.[34] Tito signed this pact to bolster the defense of Yugoslavia against a potential Soviet military invasion. It also made the option of Yugoslavia's NATO membership more plausible at its time. Under this pact, any potential Soviet invasion of Yugoslavia could also lead to NATO intervention to help defend Yugoslavia due to the NATO memberships of Greece and Turkey. However, the foreign policy disagreements between the three countries in the pact eventually crippled the alliance itself, thus ending the possibility of Yugoslavia's NATO membership.[35] - Some Trotskyists considered Tito to be an 'unconscious Trotskyist' because of the split with Stalin.[36][37] However, other Trotskyists claimed that there were no fundamental differences in principles between Stalin and Tito, despite significant evidence suggesting the contrary. Most notably, Trotskyist writer Ted Grant published several articles criticizing both leaders in the British Trotskyist newspaper, of which he was the editor.[38] - The ""Titoist"" regime adopted a policy of economic ""self-management"", generalized from 1950, wishing to put the means of production under social ownership of direct producers, thus excluding the formation of a bureaucracy as was the case in other communist regimes.[39] - The propaganda attacks centered on the caricature of ""Tito the Butcher"" of the working class, aimed to pinpoint him as a covert agent of Western imperialism, pointing to Tito's partial cooperation with western and imperialist nations.[40] - From 1949 the central government began to cede power to communal local governments, seeking to decentralise the government[26][41] and work towards a withering away of the state.[28][42] In the system of local self-government, higher-level bodies could supervise compliance with the law by lower-level bodies, but could not issue orders to them.[43] Edvard Kardelj declared in the Assembly of Yugoslavia ""that no perfect bureaucratic apparatus, however brilliant the people at the top, can build socialism. Socialism can grow only from the initiatives of the masses of the people.""[44] Rankovićism disagreed with this decentralisation, viewing it as a threat to the stability of Yugoslavia.[45] Other socialist states also criticised this move for deviating from Marxism-Leninism with declarations that it ""is an outright denial of the teachings of Marxism-Leninism and the universal laws on the construction of socialism.""[34] - The League of Communists of Yugoslavia retained solid power; the legislature did little more than rubber stamp decisions already made by the LCY's Politburo. The secret police, the State Security Administration (UDBA), while operating with considerably more restraint than its counterparts in the rest of Eastern Europe, was nonetheless a feared tool of government control. UDBA was particularly notorious for assassinating suspected ""enemies of the state"" who lived in exile overseas.[46] The media remained under restrictions that were onerous by Western standards, but still had more latitude than their counterparts in other Communist countries. Nationalist groups were a particular target of the authorities, with numerous arrests and prison sentences handed down over the years for separatist activities. Although the Soviets revised their attitudes under Nikita Khrushchev during the process of de-Stalinization and sought to normalize relations with the Yugoslavs while obtaining influence in the Non-Aligned Movement, the answer they got was never enthusiastic and the Soviet Union never gained a proper outlet to the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, the Non-Aligned states failed to form a third Bloc, especially after the split at the outcome of the 1973 oil crisis. - Industry was nationalized, agriculture forcibly collectivized, and a rigid industrialization program based on the Soviet model was adopted. Yugoslav and Soviet companies signed contracts for numerous joint ventures. According to the American historian Adam Ulam, in no other country in the Eastern Bloc was Sovietization ""as rapid and as ruthless as in Yugoslavia"".[47] - Despite the initial thaw between the USSR and the Yugoslavian authorities following the signing of the Belgrade declaration, relations became tense again between the two countries after Yugoslavia sheltered Imre Nagy following the invasion of Hungary. Tito initially approved the Soviet military intervention in his letter to Khrushchev due to fears of Hungarian Revolution provoking a similar anti-communist and nationalist movement in Yugoslavia. Still, Tito later sheltered Nagy to prove Yugoslavia's sovereign status and non-aligned foreign policy to gain sympathy from the international community. The abduction and the execution of Nagy by the Hungarian government under János Kádár cooled the bilateral relationship between Yugoslavia and Hungary, despite Tito's initial support and recommendations of Kadar as the successor of Mátyás Rákosi and Nagy.[48] - Leonid Brezhnev's conservative attitudes yet again chilled relations between the two countries (although they never degenerated to the level of the conflict with Stalin).[citation needed] Yugoslavia backed Czechoslovakia's leader Alexander Dubček during the 1968 Prague Spring and then cultivated a special (albeit incidental) relation with the maverick Romanian President Nicolae Ceaușescu. Titoism was similar to Dubček's socialism with a human face while Ceaușescu attracted sympathies for his refusal to condone (and take part in) the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, which briefly seemed to constitute a casus belli between Romania and the Soviets.[citation needed] However, Ceaușescu was an unlikely member of the alliance[which?] since he profited from the events in order to push his authoritarian agenda inside Romania. - Tito's own ideology became less clear with the pressures of various nationalisms within Yugoslavia and the problems posed by the 1970s Croatian Spring.[citation needed] In terms of economics, Yugoslavia became somewhat closer to a free market, neatly separated from other socialist regimes in Eastern Europe (and marked by a permissive attitude towards seasonal labor of Yugoslav citizens in Western Europe). At the same time, the leadership did put a stop to overt capitalist attempts (such as Stjepan Mesić's experiment with privatization in Orahovica) and crushed the dissidence of liberal or democratic socialist thinkers such as the former leader Milovan Đilas, while it also clamped down on centrifugal attempts, promoting a Yugoslav patriotism.[citation needed] - Although still claimed as official policies, virtually all aspects of Titoism went into rapid decline after Tito's death in 1980, being replaced by the rival policies of constituent republics. During the late 1980s, with nationalism on the rise, revised Titoism was arguably kept as a point of reference by political movements caught disadvantaged by the main trends, such as civic forums in Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia. - Titoism has been perceived very differently by international figures. During Stalin's lifetime, the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries reacted against Titoism with aggressive hostility. Participants in alleged Titoist conspiracies, such as the GDR historian Walter Markov, were subjected to reprisals, and some were even put through staged show trials that ended with death sentences, such as the Rajk trial in Budapest in 1949 or the Slánský trial in Prague in 1952.[49] About forty important trials against ""Titoists"" took place during the Informbiro period, in addition to persecution, arrest and deportation of thousands of less prominent individuals who were presumed to hold pro-Yugoslav sympathies.[50] In France, the Cominform ordered the central committee of the French Communist Party to condemn ""Titoism"" in 1948[51] With prominent members such as Marcel Servin [fr] writing of the need to hunt down ""Titoist spies"" within the party.[52][53] After Stalin's death, the Soviet conspiracy theories around Titoism subsided but continued. In the mid-1950s, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union temporarily reconciled. Nevertheless, Titoism was generally condemned as revisionism in the Eastern bloc. - Titoism has sometimes been referred to as a form of ""national communism"", a variant of nationalism.[54][55] However, Walker Connor says that Titoism is more akin to ""state communism"", as the loyalty is to a state comprising multiple nations. Nationalism was, therefore a threat to Titoism.[56] - In Marxist circles in the West, Titoism was considered a form of Western socialism alongside Eurocommunism, which was appreciated by left-wing intellectuals who were breaking away from the Soviet line in the 1960s.[57] In the 1960s, political scientists understood Titoist state narrative as a form of socialist patriotism.[54][58] Historian Adam Ulam was more critical of Titoism and writes that Titoism has always ""retained its (albeit mild) totalitarian one-party character"".[59] - Muammar Gaddafi's Third International Theory, outlined in his Green Book which informed Libyan national policy from its formation in 1975 until Gaddafi's downfall in 2011, was heavily inspired by and shared many similarities with Titoism and Yugoslav workers' self-management.[60][61] - Titoism gained influence in the communist parties in the 1940s, including Poland (Władysław Gomułka), Hungary (László Rajk, Imre Nagy), Bulgaria (Traicho Kostov), Czechoslovakia (Vladimír Clementis) and Romania (Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu).[62] - -",2023-08-26 17:49:58 -1727 in architecture - Wikipedia,"The year 1727 in architecture involved some significant events. - - This article about history of architecture is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:02 -(Kom så ska vi) Leva livet - Wikipedia,"""(Kom så ska vi) Leva livet"" is a song written by Per Gessle and Mats ""MP"" Persson, recorded by Gyllene Tider and released as a single on 29 April 1981. - It peaked at number 13 on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song also charted Svensktoppen for eight weeks between 31 May and 22 November 1981, peaking at second position.[1] - - This 1980s pop song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:06 -Stepan Barna - Wikipedia,"Stepan Stepanovych Barna (Ukrainian: Степан Степанович Барна; born 9 October 1979) is a Ukrainian political activist and former member of the Verkhovna Rada for the Petro Poroshenko Bloc.[1] - Barna was born in Zhyznomyr, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. From 1999 to 2006, he worked as a political activist for various organizations, some associated with Our Ukraine. - In 2006, Barna became a member of the Ternopil Oblast council. - From 2014 to 2015, he was a member of the Verkhovna Rada representing Petro Poroshenko Bloc, whereafter he served as Governor of Ternopil Oblast for four years. - Barna and his brother Oleh, also a former member of the Verkhovna Rada, fought in the 68th Jager Brigade[2] during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Oleh was killed in action on April 17, 2023.[1] - - This biographical article about a Ukrainian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:10 -Cavaspongiidae - Wikipedia," - Cavaspongia -Cavidiscus -Dumitricaia - Cavaspongiidae is a family of radiolarians in the order Spumellaria. - Data related to Cavaspongiidae at Wikispecies - - This Radiolarian-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:14 -Chamberlain Oguchi - Wikipedia,"Chamberlain ""Champ"" Nnaemeka Oguchi (born April 28, 1986) is a Nigerian American professional basketball player who last played for Boulazac Basket Dordogne of the LNB Pro B. His name ""Emeka"" is an abbreviation of the Igbo name ""Chukwuemeka"" (meaning ""God has done so much"").[1] - Oguchi played college basketball for the Oregon Ducks from 2004 to 2007, before transferring to Illinois State University to play for the Illinois State Redbirds.[2] He normed 39.5 percent on his 3-point attempts for the Redbirds.[3] - In 2009, Oguchi signed with the club STB Le Havre of the French Pro-A League.[4] Since his time playing in the French League, Oguchi has played in the: NBA D-League, the Philippine Basketball Association, the Lebanese League, the West Asian League (with the Iraqi club Duhok), the Venezuelan League, the Russian Professional Basketball League, the Liga Endesa of Spain, the Polish Basketball League, the LNBP of Mexico, the French Pro-B League, and the Liga Nacional de Básket of Argentina. - -During his stint in the Philippines, he played for the Meralco Bolts, where-in he became a well known import because of his efficiency in mid range shots coupled with his high percentage and deadly 3-point shooting from very far distances.[5][6] In his first stint with the Bolts, Oguchi was the top scorer for the 2011 PBA Commissioner’s Cup on his 30.7 points per game.[7] He averaged 28.3 points per game for his 11-game PBA career and shot 40.3 percent on his 3-point attempts.[8] - During the 2012 Summer Olympics, Oguchi drew interest from a number of NBA teams. On November 1, 2012, Oguchi signed with the NBA D-League team the Maine Red Claws.[9] - On May 13, 2013, he signed with the Spanish League club Gran Canaria.[10] - In August 2015, he signed with Polish club Anwil Włocławek.[11] - Oguchi has also been a member of the senior men's Nigerian national basketball team.[12] He played at the 2006 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 Summer Olympics, and the 2016 Summer Olympics. - At the 2015 FIBA Africa Championship, Oguchi led Nigeria to their first ever AfroBasket title, defeating Angola 74-65.[13] Oguchi led the team in scoring, averaging 16.6 points per game. For his impressive performance throughout the tournament, he was named Most Valuable Player and Best 3-Point Shooter.[14] Oguchi was also named, with Al-Farouq Aminu, into the All Star Five of the 2015 Afrobasket in Tunisia.[15] -",2023-08-26 17:50:17 -Basil Henriques - Wikipedia," - Sir Basil Lucas Quixano Henriques CBE JP (17 October 1890 – 2 December 1961)[1] was a British philanthropist of Portuguese Jewish origins,[2] concentrating his work in the East End of London during the first half of the 20th century.[3] - From a prominent Sephardic Jewish family, Henriques was educated at Harrow.[1] He studied Modern History at University College, Oxford, and graduated with a third class honours in 1913.[4] - Henriques served in the Tank Corps during World War I, taking part in the Battle of Flers where his tank, C22, was ordered to clear the Quadrilateral to the north east of Ginchy. During this operation his tank mistakenly engaged soldiers from The Norfolk Regiment, resulting in several fatalities.[5] - In addition to writing reforms to religious Jewish ceremonies,[2] Henriques set up boys' clubs for deprived Jewish children.[3] In 1914, Henriques founded the Oxford and St George's Club; this later developed into the Bernhard Baron St George's Jewish Settlement.[6] The boys received education, vocational training, recreation and holidays in the country. - From 1923 until 1950, he would frequently send deprived, sick or merely tired children to his country home, Southcote Cottage, at Southcote, Linslade in Buckinghamshire for rest and recuperation. The cottage, in reality a large house, was loaned to him by his friend and fellow Jew Anthony Gustav de Rothschild, Southcourt being part of Rothschild’s Ascott Estate.[citation needed] - In 1923 Henriques became a magistrate,[3] and was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1948 Birthday Honours.[7] He was knighted in 1955.[3] He served as chairman of the East London Juvenile Court for 19 years, and served as a magistrate for 32 years. He retired from the Bench in 1956.[6][8] - The former Berner Street in Whitechapel was renamed Henriques Street in his honour.[citation needed] - During his time as a magistrate, Henriques criticised the work of the NSPCC on a number occasions.[9] As part of his 1950 book The Indiscretions of a Magistrate, Henriques argued that legal supervision by a probation officer was more effective than voluntary supervision by an officer of the NSPCC.[10] - -In 1950, during the annual conference of the Magistrates' Association, Henriques spoke in favour of a motion which condemned 'women who go out to work and prefer the privileges of marriage to its responsibilities'. Henriques argued that Women seem to think themselves rivals and equals to men in all things, but they are only superior in some things such as washing the baby and washing up. The proper place for the mother is in her home, and there is no greater cause of juvenile delinquency than when the relationship between mother and child has been cast away. The motion was eventually defeated by 145 votes to 126.[11] - Basil Henriques was the author of several books, mostly concerned with the care of youth, including: - In his role as a children's court magistrate, he also wrote the foreword to the Enid Blyton novel, The Six Bad Boys (1951), which relates the bad consequences of family breakdown for six boys, culminating in their appearing in a children's court for theft. Henriques, in his foreword, praises Blyton for her treatment of this subject, and stresses the negative effects of broken homes on children – one of the major themes of this novel.[citation needed] - Henriques married Rose Loewe in 1916, and they worked together throughout their marriage.[3] His sister was married to the well known angler Reginald Beddington, and their son was the artist and writer Roy Beddington.[12] - Henriques died on 2 December 1961, aged 71.[6] In 1966, Rose, Lady Henriques published a biography of her husband, entitled Years in Stepney. -",2023-08-26 17:50:20 -2019 Japanese Regional Leagues - Wikipedia,"Statistics of Japanese Regional Leagues in the 2019 season. -",2023-08-26 17:50:25 -Schreder HP-20 - Wikipedia," - The Schreder HP-20 is an American, high-wing, T-tail, single seat glider designed by Richard Schreder.[1] - The HP-20 was designed by Schreder for the FAI 15 Metre Class. The HP-20 prototype was just complete when Schreder lost interest in the project and moved on to work on the HP-21 instead. The sole example of the HP-20 was built by Schreder in his workshop in Byran, Ohio and first flew in 1981.[1][2] - The HP-20 is all-metal with foam wing ribs. The design shares a similar fuselage to the HP-19, but has a different double-tapered wing of smaller area, 102 sq ft (9.5 m2) versus 113 sq ft (10.5 m2) for the HP-19. This gives the HP-20 a higher wing loading and higher best glide speed, although the glide ratio is the same as the HP-19 at 42:1. The airfoil is a Schreder modification of a Wortmann section, designated as Schreder 3. 200 lb (91 kg) of water ballast can be carried. The landing gear is a retractable monowheel.[1] - Even though Richard Schreder died in August 2002, in April 2011 the sole HP-20 was still registered to him.[2] - Data from Soaring[1] General characteristics - Performance - -",2023-08-26 17:50:28 -Northern Buskerud Police District - Wikipedia,"Northern Buskerud Police District (Norwegian: Nordre Buskerud politidistrikt) was one of 27 police districts in Norway, covering the northern part of Buskerud. The district is headquartered in Hønefoss and consists of one police stations and ten sheriff's offices. The district is led by Chief of Police Sissel Hammer.[1] Specifically the police district covers the municipalities of Ringerike, Hole, Flå, Nes, Gol, Hemsedal, Ål, Hol, Sigdal, Krødsherad, Modum, Nore og Uvdal plus Jevnaker in Oppland.[2] As of 2011 the district had 184 employees.[3] - This law enforcement–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:32 -"Petralona, Chalkidiki - Wikipedia","Petralona (Greek: Πετράλωνα) is a small locality in Chalkidiki, Macedonia, Greece. It is 6 km N-W of Triglia and 35 km S-E of Thessaloniki. Its altitude is 270 m.[3] - It is famous for the eponymous cave at about 1 km from the village, the Petralona cave in which was discovered one of the earliest European humanoids. - The Petralona cave, at the foot of Mount Katsika, was discovered in 1959 by a local looking for a spring. In it was found in 1960 the Petralona skull, extremely well preserved, dated to more than 700,000 years. It was named Archanthropus europaeus petraloniensis (Poulianos, 1976).[4] This is considered as one of the oldest European Homo erectus specimen found so far. - Media related to Petralona, Chalkidiki at Wikimedia Commons - Petralona travel guide from Wikivoyage* An important neolithic site: The Petralona Cave and Anthropological Museum. - This Central Macedonia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:36 -Bic (cycling team) - Wikipedia,"Bic was a French professional cycling team active from 1967 to 1974.[1] It was sponsored by the French consumer goods company Bic.[2] - Roster in 1967,[citation needed] age as of 1 January 1967: - Roster in 1968,[citation needed] age as of 1 January 1968: - Roster in 1969,[citation needed] age as of 1 January 1969: - Roster in 1970,[3] age as of 1 January 1970: - Roster in 1971,[4] age as of 1 January 1971: - Roster in 1972,[citation needed] age as of 1 January 1972: - Roster in 1973,[citation needed] age as of 1 January 1973: - Roster in 1974,[citation needed] age as of 1 January 1974: - Media related to Bic (cycling team) at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 17:50:41 -Spaceflight IC-1 - Wikipedia," - Spaceflight IC-1: An Adventure in Space is a 1965 British science-fiction movie starring Bill Williams and Norma West. The civilized world is controlled by an all-powerful computerized government that is carefully choosing colonists for its newest space launch. The candidates are selected on the basis of their age, health and IQ.[1] - The director was Bernard Knowles and the writer was Harry Spalding working under the name ""Henry Cross"". - In the year 2015, spaceship IC-1 (Interstellar Colony #1) travels toward a planet similar to Earth to explore the possibility that the population problem on Earth can eventually be solved there. IC-1's crew consists of Capt. Mead Ralston (Bill Williams), his wife Jan (Norma West), Drs. Steven (John Cairney) and Helen Thomas (Linda Marlowe), two other married couples, and four people in suspended animation. One year into the voyage, Helen is found to have a fatal pancreatic infection that can only be cured if the ship returns to Earth, but Captain Ralston refuses to turn back; and when he denies her permission to have another child, she commits suicide.[2] - Steven and some of the other crew members mutiny and imprison Captain Ralston. When Capt. Ralston escapes, he forces the crew to obey him by threatening to destroy the ship. Ralston plans to execute Steven. Ignoring the warnings of the crew, he releases one of the ""animates"" by raising the temperature of the compartment in which it is suspended, and the ""animate"" kills him before dying of complications caused by the thawing out process. The ship goes on under Steven's leadership.[3] - The film was shot in England at Shepperton Studios. It was one of several films that Robert L. Lippert made with Jack Parsons in England. Writer Harry Spalding says the film was inspired by space exploration at the time. ""There was a lot of talk back then that if people were ever having to go to fly to Mars they'd have to be frozen for the trip and revived when they got there.""[4] - - This article related to a British film of the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:45 -2010 Oceania Women's Handball Champions Cup - Wikipedia,"The 2010 Oceania Women's Handball Champions Cup was held in Tahiti with six teams from four countries competing for the fourth edition of the Women's Oceania Champions Cup. - Tahitian and New Caledonian teams dominated the tournament with AS Dragon winning from New Caledonia team AS Dumbea in finale 29-21.[1] Local Tahitian side AS Excelsior were beaten in the bronze medal playoff by New Caledonia team ACB Poya. Then Canterbury Region from New Zealand were fifth and HB Kafika from Wallis and Futuna sixth. -",2023-08-26 17:50:48 -Parsatuzumab - Wikipedia,"Parsatuzumab (INN) is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. It acts as an immunomodulator and binds to EGFL7.[1] - This drug was developed by Genentech/Roche.[2] - - This monoclonal antibody–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:51 -"Ridgedale, Saskatchewan - Wikipedia","Ridgedale (2016 population: 55) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Connaught No. 457 and Census Division No. 14. - Ridgedale incorporated as a village on December 15, 1921.[1] - In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ridgedale had a population of 65 living in 27 of its 40 total private dwellings, a change of 18.2% from its 2016 population of 55. With a land area of 0.65 km2 (0.25 sq mi), it had a population density of 100.0/km2 (259.0/sq mi) in 2021.[4] - In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Ridgedale recorded a population of 55 living in 29 of its 41 total private dwellings, a -45.5% change from its 2011 population of 80. With a land area of 0.72 km2 (0.28 sq mi), it had a population density of 76.4/km2 (197.8/sq mi) in 2016.[5] -  WikiMiniAtlas53°03′23″N 104°09′16″W / 53.05639°N 104.15444°W / 53.05639; -104.15444 - This Saskatchewan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:50:55 -Hensleigh - Wikipedia,"Hensleigh may refer to -",2023-08-26 17:50:58 -Xun (surname) - Wikipedia,"Xun ([ɕy̌n]) is the Mandarin pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 荀 in Chinese character. It is romanized Hsün in Wade–Giles. Xun is the 201st surname in the Song dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames.[1] It is not among the top 300 most common Chinese surnames.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:51:01 -Andrea Bellunello - Wikipedia,"Andrea Bellunello, also known as Andrea di San Vito (1440 – 1506) was an Italian painter active in the early Renaissance period. He was born either in San Vito in the Friuli,[1] or in Belluno.[2] He was active in the Udine and surrounding region of Friuli. He worked with or under Francesco Squarcione and/or Bortolotto di Belluno. Among his pupils were Giorgio di Beccaio (active 1492–1506); Giorgio di Cecco (born Pordenone, 1465).[3] - Andrea painted a Crucifixion for the Grand Council of Udine, and an altarpiece for the church of San Floreano in Forni di Sopra. He also painted a Madonna for the Annunciata in San Vito.[4] - - This article about an Italian painter born in the 15th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:51:05 -Conde S. Januário Hospital - Wikipedia," WikiMiniAtlas22°11′39″N 113°32′48″E / 22.194168°N 113.546721°E / 22.194168; 113.546721 - Conde S. Januário Hospital (Chinese: 仁伯爵綜合醫院; Portuguese: Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário; CHCSJ) is an acute care district general hospital run by the public sector in Sé (Cathedral Parish), Macau.[1] - Established in 1874 and extended in 1989, it has 476 beds and offers 22 different services, both for inpatients and for outpatients. The hospital is colloquially known as 'Hill-top Hospital' (山頂醫院) by the majority of local people. Herein, the 'Hill' refers to the Guia Hill (東望洋山 or 松山). - Till 2019 there was no western-style medical school in Macau, so all indigenous intending doctors have to qualify outside of Macau. Alternatively, qualified doctors could to be brought in from outside. Macau University of Science and Technology started a medical school in Macau in September 2019 for its MBBS program.[2] The second batch of students started their classes on 21 September 2020.[3] Clinical training of medical students will start from third year of medical training in the university hospital associated with the university. The medical school has been listed in the world directory of medical schools.[4] Medium of instruction in the medical school is English. Most of the students are from Macau. The duration of MBBS course is 5 years with an additional year for internship. - The hospital is accredited by The Australian Council on Healthcare standards (ACHS) from 2012. -",2023-08-26 17:51:09 -Flight watch - Wikipedia,"Flight Watch is the common name in the United States for an En route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) dedicated to providing weather to and collecting reports from pilots while in flight. - While U.S. Flight Service Stations (FSS) operate Flight Watch, Flight Watch does not provide a full range of FSS services such as filing flight plans, acquiring preflight weather briefings, providing NOTAMs, or picking up IFR clearances; instead, it is limited to the following: - The service was available on a single common frequency, 122.0 MHz, to flights operating below Flight Level 180 (18,000 feet MSL) across the conterminous United States.[2] Discrete frequencies are available for high altitude aircraft (at and above 18,000 feet MSL, or FL180), based on location. Flight Watch may have been unavailable below 5,000 feet AGL, depending on terrain and the distance from the nearest station. - On October 1, 2015, Flight Watch services were consolidated with existing Flight Service Station (FSS) services and the services were terminated on the 122.0 frequency. The frequency was monitored for a ""few months"" to steer pilots to the correct frequency. [3] -",2023-08-26 17:51:12 -Benjamin F. Shobe - Wikipedia,"Benjamin Franklin Shobe (October 2, 1920 – January 29, 2016) was an American civil rights attorney and jurist who advocated for the desegregation of public education and public facilities in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. - Benjamin F. Shobe was born on October 2, 1920, in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and spent most of his life in Louisville, Kentucky. His parents were both educators. His father, Walter L. Shobe, was the Dean of Men at Kentucky State College and later principal of a high school for blacks. Anna L. Shobe, his mother, was an elementary school teacher who taught Benjamin for a time. Shobe had one older brother, Dr. Walter Shobe. - Benjamin F. Shobe earned a bachelor's degree in 1941 from Kentucky State College (now Kentucky State University), a historically black school in Frankfort. While in college, Shobe, along with his brother Walter, was inducted into the Tau Sigma Honor Society for his academic excellence. Shobe was an active member of the debating team. One of his professors, Dr. Henry E. Cheaney, encouraged him to pursue a career in law. - Shobe wanted to pursue a law degree at a school in Kentucky such as the University of Louisville or the University of Kentucky, but state law prohibited African Americans from attending graduate or professional schools in Kentucky. Under the Anderson-Mayer Bill, the Commonwealth of Kentucky was required to pay tuition and fees for African Americans to attend graduate and professional schools at out-of-state institutions. The state paid the tuition and fees for Shobe to attend the University of Michigan Law School (Ann Arbor campus). While in law school, Shobe was selected for mentorship in the Society of Barristers. He graduated from the University of Michigan with his law degree in 1946 and returned to Louisville, Kentucky to practice as a trial attorney. - After spending three years as an associate in the law firm of Charles Anderson, Shobe began his own practice. As a civil rights attorney for the NAACP, Shobe worked with Thurgood Marshall (who later became the first black US Supreme Court Justice), James Nabritt, and James A. Crumlin to integrate the University of Kentucky in 1949. These attorneys represented Lyman T. Johnson, a black student who could not attend the university's graduate school because he was black. Shobe and his fellow attorneys won the case, Lyman T. Johnson v. University of Kentucky, paving the way for minorities to attend the university's graduate and professional schools. - In 1951, Shobe partnered with attorneys James A. Crumlin and Robert L. Carter to represent plaintiffs in Sweeney v. City of Louisville. Shobe and his team made successful arguments and won the case in the federal courts. As a result of Shobe's work, public parks in Louisville, Kentucky were desegregated. - On January 6, 1953, Judge Frank Ropke appointed Shobe to the Jefferson Circuit Court, making him the first African American to serve as a judge in Kentucky since Reconstruction. Shobe served as a hearing officer for the Workman's Compensation Board, Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney for eight years, and a Trial Commissioner. At the request of the Kentucky Secretary of Justice, Shobe traveled throughout Kentucky training lawyers on the state's criminal code. In 1972, Shobe appointed Olga Peers, who would later become the first female Circuit Court Judge in Kentucky, to the old Louisville Police Court. - In November 1976, Governor Julian Carroll appointed Shobe to serve as the Chief Judge of the 15th Division of the Jefferson Circuit Court. Shobe was the first African American to be appointed as a Chief Judge, serving with honor until his retirement in 1992. For several years after his retirement from the bench, Shobe served as an Alternative Dispute Resolution Specialist for Retired Judges and Associates. - Shobe served as President as the Louisville Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He was a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. A life member of the National Urban League, Shobe also joined Ye Olde Esquires, Inc. - Shobe joined Portland Memorial Baptist Church in 1978 where he served as a Deacon and Sunday School teacher. - In 1992, Shobe was honored by the Louisville Bar Association as Judge of the Year. The Kentucky Commission on Human Rights inducted Shobe into the Gallery of Great Black Kentuckians as its 42nd honoree in 2006. Shobe received the Nathaniel A. Harper Diversity Award from the Kentucky Bar Association in 2012. - Shobe died at the age of 95 on January 29, 2016. Funeral services were held at Portland Memorial Baptist Church on February 8, 2016. He is buried in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. - Hundreds of people gathered to celebrate Shobe's life at his funeral. Ministers and community leaders spoke highly of Shobe's love of God and his family as well as his commitment to serving others. Attorneys and judges from across Kentucky paid tribute to Shobe for his kindness, integrity, and brilliance. Chief Justice John D. Minton of the Kentucky Supreme Court lauded Shobe's character and accomplishments. A letter honoring Shobe from US President Barack Obama was read. The American Flag at the US Capitol in Washington, DC, was flown at half-mast in honor of Shobe on the day of his funeral. - In 2006, the Louisville Bar Association and the Louis D. Brandeis American Inns of Court at Louisville Association developed the Judge Shobe Civility and Professionalism Award to recognize Louisville Bar Association members ""whose lives and careers embody professionalism, civility, honesty and courtesy"" – all trademarks portrayed by Shobe throughout his career, association officials said. About his life, [Shobe] says, ""I was always willing to try, I was never going to back down, I was willing to take the challenge, win, lose, or draw."" - In 2012, the Louisville Black Lawyers Association and the Kentucky Court of Justice sponsored the dedication of the Circuit Judge Benjamin F. Shobe Jury Assembly Room in the Jefferson County Judicial Center. The Kentucky Bar Association will honor Shobe posthumously at its 2016 Annual Convention. - Shobe mentored attorneys and judges throughout his life. For years after his retirement, colleagues visited and consulted him for advice and support. In a joint resolution, the Kentucky state legislature honored the memory of the late jurist by designating the I-264 overpass over Northwestern Parkway in Jefferson County as the ""Judge Benjamin Shobe Memorial Overpass"" in 2017. Judge Shobe is survived by his wife of 43 years, Barbara Kirby-Shobe, his ten children, one adopted son, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. -",2023-08-26 17:51:15 -Syzygium rotundifolium - Wikipedia," - Syzygium rotundifolium is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. - - This Myrtaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:51:19 -John Bateman (rugby league) - Wikipedia," - John Bateman (born 30 September 1993) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays second-row for the Wests Tigers in the National Rugby League,[2][3] and England and Great Britain at international level. - He previously played for the Bradford Bulls and Wigan in the Super League and for the Canberra Raiders in the NRL. Earlier in his career he played as a centre. - Bateman was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. He is a product of the Bradford Dudley Hill amateur Rugby League club. - In April 2011, at the age of 17 years and 208 days old Bateman made his Super League début starting at Lock for the Bradford Bulls in an 8–8 draw against Catalans Dragons.[4] In May 2011, he made his first Challenge Cup appearance for the club against Halifax. He made two more first team appearances towards the end of the season, and scored his first Super League try against Wigan Warriors.[5] - Bateman featured in Round 1 (Catalans Dragons). He missed Rounds 2–3 due to injury. He featured in six consecutive games from Round 4 (Wakefield Trinity) to Round 9 (Hull F.C.). Bateman was suspended for Round 10 and 11. John returned in Round 12 (Huddersfield Giants). Bateman was suspended for Rounds 13–14. He returned to play in six consecutive games from Round 15 (Leeds Rhinos) to Round 20 (London Broncos). Bateman missed Rounds 21–24 due to England Academy commitments. Bateman returned for Round 25 (Huddersfield Giants). John was injured for Rounds 26–27. He featured in the Challenge Cup against Doncaster and Warrington Wolves. Bateman scored against Hull F.C. (1 try), Doncaster (1 try) and Castleford Tigers (1 try). - In 2012 Bateman was awarded the Albert Goldthorpe Rookie of the Year Medal.[6] - In the off-season Bateman signed a 3 Year Extension on his current deal and this will keep him at Odsal until 2015. - He missed Rounds 1–6 due to an injury. He featured in four consecutive games from Round 7 (Hull Kingston Rovers) to Round 10 (Salford City Reds). John missed Round 11–12 due to an injury. He featured in Round 13 (Warrington Wolves) but was subject to a groin injury keeping him out of Round 14. John returned for Round 15 (Salford City Reds) but missed Round 16 but returned in Round 17 (Hull Kingston Rovers) to Round 22 (Hull F.C.). John missed the rest of the season due to surgery on his ankle. Bateman featured in the Challenge Cup against Rochdale Hornets and London Broncos. John scored against Hull Kingston Rovers (1 try), Catalans Dragons (1 try) Salford City Reds (1 try), Rochdale Hornets (1 try) and Wigan Warriors (1 try).[citation needed] - In November 2013, Bateman signed a three-year contract with Wigan Warriors for an undisclosed fee,[7] believed to be around £70,000.[8] - Bateman featured in the World Club Challenge against Sydney Roosters. He featured in Round 2 (Castleford Tigers) to Round 15 (Huddersfield Giants) then in Round 18 (St. Helens) to Round 23 (Salford City Reds). John next played in Round 25 (Widnes Vikings) to Round 27 (Warrington Wolves). Bateman played in Round 5 (Hunslet) to the Quarter Final (Castleford Tigers) in the Challenge Cup. John played in the Qualifying Playoff (Huddersfield Giants). He scored against Wakefield Trinity (1 try), the Bradford Bulls (1 try), Salford City Reds (1 try) and London Broncos (1 try).[citation needed] - Bateman played in the World Club Series against Brisbane Broncos. - Bateman featured in Round 1 (Widnes Vikings) to Round 9 (Salford City Reds) then in Round 11 (Warrington Wolves) to Round 19 (Salford City Reds). He also played in Round 21 (Leeds Rhinos) to Super Eight 6 (St. Helens) then in the Semi Final (Huddersfield Giants) to the Grand Final (Leeds Rhinos). Bateman played in the Challenge Cup in Round 6 (Hull Kingston Rovers). He scored against Huddersfield Giants (4 tries), Hull F.C. (2 tries), Leeds Rhinos (1 try) and Warrington Wolves (2 tries). - He played in the 2015 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Leeds Rhinos at Old Trafford.[9] - Bateman featured in Round 1 (Catalans Dragons) to Round 8 (Hull Kingston Rovers) then in Round 11 (Castleford Tigers) to Round 12 (Huddersfield Giants). He featured in the World Club Series against Brisbane Broncos. He scored against Hull F.C. (1 try), Leeds Rhinos (1 try), Castleford Tigers (2 tries) and Huddersfield Giants (1 try). On 31 May 2016, Wigan confirmed they were investigating an ""alleged fracas"" between two Wigan players which took place outside of a gym on 27 May,[10] and speculation grew that Bateman was linked to the controversy following his omission from the squad against Salford City Reds and Hull Kingston Rovers.[11] On 15 June 2016, Bateman was fined £10,000 and suspended for eight weeks for his involvement in the incident.[12] - He played in the 2016 Super League Grand Final victory over the Warrington Wolves at Old Trafford.[13] - He played in the 2017 Challenge Cup Final defeat by Hull F.C. at Wembley Stadium.[14] - He played in the 2018 Super League Grand Final victory over the Warrington Wolves at Old Trafford.[15] - Bateman signed with the Canberra Raiders for 2019 and 2020, with a third year option in his favour, on 8 August 2018. In round 19 of the 2019 NRL season against the Penrith Panthers, Bateman scored a try in the dying minutes to seal a 30-18 victory for the visitors away from home. The win cemented the Canberra's position in the top 4 of the competition. - At the end of the 2019 regular season, Canberra finished 4th on the table and qualified for the finals. In the qualifying final against Melbourne, Bateman scored the winning try with just 3 minutes remaining as Canberra staged an upset victory at AAMI Park winning 12-10 and secured a home preliminary final. In the preliminary final against South Sydney, Bateman played at second-row as Canberra won the match 16-10 at Canberra Stadium and qualified for their first grand final in 25 years.[16][17] On 2 October, Bateman was named as the 2019 Dally M second-rower of the year at the Dally M Awards ceremony.[18] - Bateman played at second-row for Canberra in the 2019 NRL Grand Final as they were defeated 14-8 by the Sydney Roosters at ANZ Stadium.[19][20][21] - In February, it was revealed that Bateman would miss the first six weeks of the 2020 NRL season after undergoing shoulder surgery.[22] -On 31 June, it was announced that he would be departing the Canberra Raiders at the end of the season, With NRL Club, the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs And His former side, The Wigan Warriors interested in his services. - Bateman played a total of 11 games for Canberra in the 2020 NRL season. He featured in all three of Canberra's finals matches including the preliminary final loss to Melbourne. After the game had concluded, a visibly emotional Bateman thanked everyone at Canberra and stated it would be hard to leave the club.[23] - In August 2021, it was revealed that Bateman had been involved in a fist fight with then Canberra player Curtis Scott. The incident was not reported to -the police and the matter was sorted behind closed doors but the story came to light after Scott's termination by the Canberra club.[24] - In July 2020, it was announced that Bateman would re-join Wigan for the 2021 season.[25] - In round 20 of the 2021 Super League season, Bateman was sent to the sin bin twice in Wigan's 26-2 loss against St Helens.[26] - In the 2022 semi-final, Bateman was sent off for a dangerous high tackle on former teammate Aiden Sezer during the clubs shock defeat to Leeds.[27] - On 26 December, Bateman will leave Wigan to sign on a four-year deal with the NRL club Wests Tigers for 2023.[28] -In round 3 of the 2023 NRL season, Bateman made his long awaited club debut for the Wests Tigers in their 26-22 loss against Canterbury at Belmore Sports Ground.[29] - In 2012, Bateman was named captain of the England Academy squad to tour Australia. - Bateman made his England test début against France in October 2015. - After an outstanding Super League 2015 season, Bateman was selected in the senior England team for their test series against New Zealand. Bateman made his début for England in a test match Archived 26 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine, before the series, against France which saw Bateman score two tries in England's rout of their opponents. For his outstanding efforts in the game, Bateman was awarded man-of-the-match.[30] - In October 2016, Bateman was selected in the England 24-man squad for the 2016 Four Nations. - In October 2017 he was selected in the England squad for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.[31] - He was selected in squad for the 2019 Great Britain Lions tour of the Southern Hemisphere.[32] He made his Great Britain test debut in the defeat by Tonga.[33] -",2023-08-26 17:51:23 -1763 in India - Wikipedia,"This year in India article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. - ← - → - Events in the year 1763 in India. -",2023-08-26 17:51:28 -Royal Noble Consort Hwabin Yun - Wikipedia,"Royal Noble Consort Hwa of the Namwon Yun clan (Hangul: 화빈 남원 윤씨, Hanja: 和嬪 南原 尹氏; 11 April 1765 – 14 January 1824) was a concubine of King Jeongjo of Joseon.[3][4] - Lady Yun was born into the Namwon Yun clan, on April 11, 1765. She was the only child of Yun Chang-yun and his wife, Lady Yi of the Beokjin Yi clan. - On February 21, 1780, Queen Dowager Yesun announced the selection for a new concubine for her step-grandson, King Jeongjo, because his primary wife, Queen Hyoui, couldn't bear any children and his first concubine, Lady Hong Won-bin, died one year prior. The selection took place from 30 February until 9 March. - On March 10, 1780, when she was 15 years old, Lady Yun became a concubine of the Bin rank, with the prefix ""Hwa"" (和), meaning ""peace/harmony"". She was alternatively known as Lady Gyeongsu (경수궁, 慶壽宮).[5][6] - Lady Hwa-bin died without issue, on September 14, 1824 (the 24th year of King Sunjo's reign). She was buried in Goyang, Gyeonggi Province. -",2023-08-26 17:51:31 -ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Release - Wikipedia," - The ARIA Music Award for Breakthrough Artist – Release is an award presented at the annual ARIA Music Awards, which recognises ""the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres"",[1] since 1987. It is handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation whose aim is ""to advance the interests of the Australian record industry.""[2] - Breakthrough awards for Album and Single were presented from 1989 until they were merged at the 2010 awards and renamed Breakthrough Artist – Release.[3] - In the following table, the winner is highlighted in a separate colour, and in boldface; the nominees are those that are not highlighted or in boldface.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:51:34 -Paul Kazarian - Wikipedia,"Paul B. Kazarian (/kəˈzæriən/ kə-ZARR-ee-ən; born October 15, 1955)[2][3] is an Armenian-American investor, philanthropist, and former investment banker. He is the founder, managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Japonica Partners, a private equity hedge fund. Previous to his founding of the firm, he was an investment banker for Goldman Sachs and briefly served as the president and CEO of Sunbeam-Oster from 1990 to 1993 as a corporate raider. - He is known for his bidding wars with high net worth individuals and companies to gain assets for his firm, most notably his bidding war against Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) for the acquisition of Borden. Kazarian is seen to be secretive about current or future investment decisions;[4][5] he opens and closes positions without prior announcement or much after-trade commentary.[4] He is considered by the investment community to be a ""vulture capitalist"". Due to its high buy-ins ($250 million), The Hedge Fund Journal called his fund a ""money manager for money managers"".[6] - During the 2013 Greek government-debt crisis, Kazarian become one of the largest bidders for Greek bonds,[7] eventually executing a bond portfolio of €2.9 billion (US$3.8 billion).[4] As the sole owner of the bond position, this portfolio makes up the majority of his overall net worth.[8][9] On December 11, 2017, it was reported that Kazarian opened an office branch in Lisbon, Portugal tasked with ""snapping up assets"" in the country's real estate and technology markets.[9][10] - Paul B. Kazarian was born on October 15, 1955, the son of immigrants from Armenia. His grandparents were Charles and Agnes Kazarian; both of them escaped the Armenian genocide.[1] Kazarian grew up in an Armenian community in Pawtucket, Rhode Island–a small mill town— and would go on to name his future investment fund after the street he grew up on: Japonica Street–the name of a Japanese flower.[11][4] - He graduated from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, with a Bachelors of Arts, before attending Brown University to get a master's degree. He went on graduate from Columbia Business School with a M.B.A.[12] During nights at Columbia, he interned at Goldman Sachs, after-which he was offered a full-time position at the firm in their investment banking division.[13] - In 1981, Kazarian was hired as a full-time investment banker at Goldman Sachs & Co. While at Goldman he worked with multinational investment clients and emerging markets. He often stayed up past 4 AM competing work during his time at the firm.[13] He left Goldman in 1987.[13] - Japonica Partners was formally founded in 1988 in Providence, Rhode Island, by Kazarian. Since its founding, Kazarian has been president and CEO of the firm. In 1993, he founded the Charles & Agnes Kazarian Eternal Foundation, for which he has also been chairman since its inception. Through his earlier years with Japonica, Kazarian oversaw approximately $2 billion in shareholder wealth. The company specializes in under-performing global asset classes and undervalued investment positions.[14] - In 1990, Kazarian, then 37, was asked to serve out a three-year term as chairman and CEO of Sunbeam-Oster, after his private equity firm bought it out in a corporate raid.[15] During his tenure he brought the company back from the verge of bankruptcy and created multiple profit streams for the company, ultimately returning it to profitability. His time as head of the company is used as a case study at Harvard Business School;[16] Steven Fenster, a professor at Harvard University, has been quoted as labeling Kazarian as ""a mad genius"" with ""incredible"" business acumen.[13] According to an article by The Wall Street Journal, employees at the firm viewed him as an ""overbearing boss whose frequent harangues and erratic, autocratic behavior made their lives miserable"".[13] He often called top managers to ""crisis meetings"" at late hours in the night and encouraged inter-departmental competition. Top managers at the firm said that they were ""pitted against one another, publicly hazed, humiliated and even physically intimidated"".[13] Roderick Hills, former chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, said of Kazarian: ""as Will Rogers said, no one is quite as good or quite as bad as they're supposed to be.""[13] In 1991, he was compensated with $1.84 million. During his tenure he was known to give bonuses to his top managers, sometimes spanning up to 20% of annual pay.[13] Three years later, the board of directors compensated him with a pay package of $2.75 million. However, his management style was viewed as ""unacceptable"" in the coming years. Kazarian wanted to move the company headquarters to Nashville, Tennessee because of their relaxed tax structure over Rhode Island–something he began to initiate without the board's approval.[13] - The board of directors of the company asked Kazarian to step down as CEO, but after his refusal and attempt to over take executives positions, his employment contract was suspended and eventually terminated.[13] After his was fired, the company's stock dropped by 10% and took four months to recover–however, trading volume for the stock was permanently expanded.[13] Months after his dismissal from the company and return to Japonica, some of his associates at Sunbeam brought multiple lawsuits against him–he won all of them, garnering a total of $160 million in settlements.[5] - After seeing southern European economic decline, he began to look at companies in the area to invest in. On a trip to Greece, he inquired about the government's financial statements; after hearing they did not assemble these statements, he began researching spending and debt ratios of the country.[3] He noticed a difference between the reality of its economy and accounting figures prompting him to begin purchasing government bonds in June 2013 following the country's 2012 legislative elections.[3] Kazarain did not disclose why he was buying these bonds to the Greek government or how much he was purchasing.[4] His initial billion was purchased at 11 cents a bond, eventually concluding at 45 cents. The bonds would go on to be priced at 57/cent a share, marking considerable profit. Although Kazarian would only go on to execute $3.8 billion in bonds,[4] he has insinuated that he has nearly $4 billion in his aggregate bond portfolio.[1] - During the 2013 Greek government-debt crisis, Kazarian become one of the largest bidders for Greek government bonds, eventually offering a bond portfolio of €2.9 billion euros (approximately $3.8 billion U.S. dollars).[4] His offering was largely ignored by financial analysts and economists who labeled his trade ""risky and volatile.""[17] The government agreed to execute the trade at market price and purchased his partial bond portfolio.[18][11] During the crisis he met with ""Greek finance ministers in Athens, top policy makers in Berlin, officials at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt and economists at the International Monetary Fund in Washington,"" according to The New York Times.[7] - He is considered by the investment community to be a ""vulture capitalist"".[19] He is known for buying out, taking over, or taking a position in distressed companies that face serious financial uncertainty–in an effort to buy at a discount–eventually making them profitable before selling.[18] Due to its high buy-ins ($250 million), The Hedge Fund Journal called his fund a ""money manager for money managers"".[6] During his Greek bond trade, he mentioned the accounting strategy he used to force the bond value rise. He said that there is an international standard for accounting that is not used by the European Union, instead opting for a legal framework that distorts the eurozone's financial positions–meant for legal compliance not accountability. The conflation of ""future value"" as ""present value"" lead Kazarian to begin initiating his trade.[1] He does not disclose specific investment positions or strategies to protect long-term deals and trades.[4][5] - Wiry and intense, Kazarian can come across as slightly offbeat. With the pink oxford shirts he wears every day, he deploys a plastic pocket protector that holds his collection of six pens and markers. His mien can veer from professorial to a bit manic, especially when he senses that someone is not quite grasping his line of reasoning. He resides in a home in Providence, Rhode Island. Kazarian is known for his ""round, horn-rimmed glasses""[21] that have become his ""trademark"".[18] - On October 6, 2016, The Accountant, the International Accounting Bulletin, and Timetric granted Kazarian the special editors' award of global accountancy magazines for his contribution to strengthening democracy through government financial management.[22] - Kazarian has guest-lectured and spoken on the topics of business and philanthropy in settings ranging from the Harvard Business School, London Business School, Columbia Business School, and Dartmouth's Tuck Business School, to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, and the National School of Development at Peking University.[23] - Although Kazarian has not disclosed his own political affiliations, he has publicly commented on numerous issues. - After his $3 billion government-debt rate he has commented on the need for financial and economic reform in Greece following the 2013 Greek government-debt crisis. He has called for the country to appoint a ""five-star finance minister"" with ""international-caliber five-star specialist training and capabilities to build trust and credibility.""[8] Kazarian has called for the country to adopt Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), when the Greek debt structure reaches 18% of GDP.[8] - He is an ardent supporter of the financial system of Greece. Often asserting that the country's debt is much lower than official reporting discloses,[24] he notes government bonds as being profitable—contrary to reports by the Bloomberg's World Bond Index.[24] He has often stated that ""the method by which Greece's debt is calculated in the Eurozone is determined by the Maastricht Treaty and can change only with a unanimous decision by the European Council.""–leading to inflated or inaccurate net positions of countries.[8] In an interview with Bloomberg Markets, he voiced his problem with nearly $19 billion being issued in debt-forgiveness for Greece but their debt ratings remaining the same.[25] He believes that ""the Greek debt should be measured not at face value, which is 312 billion euros in 2015, but on a time of repayment basis, which would bring a substantial write-off due to low interest rates and the fact that its repayment will start in 10 years.""[26] - Kazarian has mentioned that Mario Draghi, the president of the European Central Bank, faces too much pressure from ""the inaction and inability of politicians"" which minimizes the efficiency and effectiveness of the eurozone. He asserts the numerous ""badly managed"" European governments have rendered the office of the E.U. Central Bank politically pressured.[21] His critique of Draghi's choice to lower zone interest rates was met with some controversy.[27][28][29] - During the 2013 Greek government-debt crisis, Kazarian made an official public offer to the government of Greece of a bond portfolio of 2.9 billion euros (approximately US$3.8 billion),[30] and the government agreed to execute the trade, paying Kazarian full market price for his bonds.[18][11] Many financial analysts[who?] speculate that Kazarian still has considerable holdings in Greek debt. As of December 2016, his net worth is between $4 billion and $4.1 billion.[10][4] - In 1993, Kazarian established two non-profit foundations whose charitable missions include economic development, education, and technology. The first, the Charles & Agnes Kazarian Eternal Foundation (CAKE) is named in honor of his grandparents. The CAKE Foundation seeks to ""empower families through economic development, education, and healthcare"".[31] The second, The Kazarian Foundation, furthers similar goals. It announced a Knowledge Partnership with American India Foundation as part of a Knowledge Partnership initiative. - Kazarian was also committee chairman for a 2010 Singapore Heritage Celebration and on January 10, 2011, Kazarian delivered the opening address for a Knowledge Partnership for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Singapore Cooperation Programme.[32] Kazarian is involved with the Asia Society, for which co-chaired the 2011 Awards Dinner.[33] He also chaired the American India Foundation's fifth annual Spring Awards Gala on April 30, 2008 in New York City. -",2023-08-26 17:51:38 -1923 New York Giants season - Wikipedia," - The 1923 New York Giants season was the franchise's 41st season. The Giants won the National League pennant with a 95–58 record. The team went on to lose to the New York Yankees in the 1923 World Series, four games to two. - - Infielders - Coaches - Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in - Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in - Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts - Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts - Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts - October 10, 1923, at Yankee Stadium in New York City - October 11, 1923, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City - October 12, 1923, at Yankee Stadium in New York City - October 13, 1923, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City - October 14, 1923, at Yankee Stadium in New York City - October 15, 1923, at the Polo Grounds (IV) in New York City -",2023-08-26 17:51:42 -Don't Stop... - Wikipedia," - ""I've had infinite time to kill lately so I thought I'd finally look and find out what was actually on the hundreds of faceless unmarked CDs I've got lying around at home. As fate would have it, I have stumbled across an old demo which I thought had been lost for ever... Hope everyone is staying safe and trying to ride out the lockdown with a minimum of fuss. You're welcome by the way."" - —Noel Gallagher, 29 April 2020 - ""Don't Stop..."" is a song by the English rock band Oasis. Released as a single on 30 April 2020, it was the first track to be released from the band in over 11 years since their 2009 single ""Falling Down"".[1] Written and sung by Noel Gallagher, the song is a lo-fi acoustic demo of an unreleased song believed to have been originally recorded in the mid-2000s. The song is undated, but the music journalist Alexis Petridis speculates it was intended for release on either the Don't Believe the Truth or Dig Out Your Soul albums, recorded with Oasis. Gallagher has done a studio version of the song for the deluxe version of the fourth Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds album, Council Skies. - Until its release, the song was only known from its presence on a rough soundcheck tape recorded before a performance in Hong Kong ""about 15 years ago"", tweeted Gallagher the day before its release.[1] He stated that he had found the song on a seemingly-blank CD as a result of the lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, which drove him to look through old material.[2][3] Due to Gallagher stating that he thought the song was ""lost forever"", it appears to have been the only existing copy of the song.[3] - A re-recorded version of the song, featuring additional instrumentation, was included in the deluxe edition of Council Skies (2023), the fourth studio album by Gallagher's band, Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds. - The BBC's Mark Savage described the song as ""a laid-back, acoustic ballad ... sharing its DNA with classic Oasis songs"" as ""Stop Crying Your Heart Out"" and ""Don't Look Back in Anger"". The Guardian also reacted positively to the song, called it ""one of Noel Gallagher’s best latter-day efforts"".[4] - In response to the announcement, Gallagher's ex-Oasis bandmate and younger brother, Liam, tweeted, ""Oi tofu boy if your [sic] gonna release old demos make sure im [sic] singing on it and boneheads [sic] playing guitar on it if not it's not worth a wank as you were LG x"".[3] Liam also accused Noel of overdubbing the raw recording in a recording studio, calling it a ""PR stunt"", although The Independent suggested that Liam had claimed to have been ""disappointed"" at not featuring on the single.[5] Despite this, he later stated that he thought the song was ""not a bad tune"".[6][non-primary source needed] - Touring members -",2023-08-26 17:51:45 -Transition (literary journal) - Wikipedia,"transition was an experimental literary journal that featured surrealist, expressionist, and Dada art and artists. It was founded in 1927 by Maria McDonald and her husband Eugene Jolas and published in Paris.[1] They were later assisted by editors Elliot Paul (April 1927 – March 1928), Robert Sage (October 1927 – Fall 1928), and James Johnson Sweeney (June 1936 – May 1938). - The literary journal was intended as an outlet for experimental writing and featured modernist, surrealist and other linguistically innovative writing and also contributions by visual artists, critics, and political activists. It ran until spring 1938. A total of 27 issues were produced. It was distributed primarily through Shakespeare and Company, the Paris bookstore run by Sylvia Beach.[2] - While it originally almost exclusively featured poetic experimentalists, it later accepted contributions from sculptors, civil rights activists, carvers, critics, and cartoonists.[2] Editors who joined the journal later on were Stuart Gilbert, Caresse Crosby and Harry Crosby. Maeve Sage acted as secretary for the magazine during a portion of its Paris-based run.[3] - Published quarterly, transition also featured Surrealist, Expressionist, and Dada art. In an introduction to the first issue, Eugene Jolas wrote: - Of all the values conceived by the mind of man throughout the ages, the artistic have proven the most enduring. Primitive people and the most thoroughly civilized have always had, in common, a thirst for beauty and an appreciation of the attempts of the other to recreate the wonders suggested by nature and human experience. The tangible link between the centuries is that of art. It joins distant continents in to a mysterious unit, long before the inhabitants are aware of the universality of their impulses....We should like to think of the readers as a homogeneous group of friends, united by a common appreciation of the beautiful, – idealists of a sort, – and to share with them what has seemed significant to us.[4] The journal gained notoriety in 1929 when Jolas issued a manifesto about writing. He personally asked writers to sign ""The Revolution of the Word Proclamation"" which appeared in issue 16/17 of transition. It began: - Tired of the spectacle of short stories, novels, poems and plays still under the hegemony of the banal word, monotonous syntax, static psychology, descriptive naturalism, and desirous of crystallizing a viewpoint... Narrative is not mere anecdote, but the projection of a metamorphosis of reality"" and that ""The literary creator has the right to disintegrate the primal matter of words imposed on him by textbooks and dictionaries.[5] The Proclamation was signed by Kay Boyle, Whit Burnett, Hart Crane, Caresse Crosby, Harry Crosby, Martha Foley, Stuart Gilbert, A. Lincoln Gillespie, Leigh Hoffman, Eugene Jolas, Elliot Paul, Douglas Rigby, Theo Rutra, Robert Sage, Harold J. Salemson, and Laurence Vail.[6] - Transition stories, a 1929 selection by E. Jolas and R. Sage from the first thirteen numbers featured: Gottfried Benn, Kay Boyle (Polar Bears and Others), Robert M. Coates (Conversations No. 7), Emily Holmes Coleman (The Wren's Nest), Robert Desnos, William Closson Emory (Love in the West), Léon-Paul Fargue, Konstantin Fedin, Murray Goodwin, (A Day in the Life of a Robot), Leigh Hoffman (Catastrophe), Eugene Jolas (Walk through Cosmopolis), Matthew Josephson (Lionel and Camilla), James Joyce (A Muster from Work in Progress), Franz Kafka (The Sentence), Vladimir Lidin, Ralph Manheim (Lustgarten and Christkind), Peter Negoe (Kaleidoscope), Elliot Paul (States of Sea), Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, Robert Sage (Spectral Moorings), Kurt Schwitters (Revolution), Philippe Soupault, Gertrude Stein (As a Wife Has a Cow a Love Story). - Some other artists, authors and works published in transition included Samuel Beckett (Assumption, For Future Reference), Kay Boyle (Dedicated to Guy Urquhart), H. D. (Gift, Psyche, Dream, No, Socratic), Max Ernst (Jeune Filles en des Belles Poses, The Virgin Corrects the Child Jesus before Three Witnesses), Stuart Gilbert (The Aeolus Episode in Ulysses, Function of Words, Joyce Thesaurus Minusculus), Juan Gris (Still Life), Ernest Hemingway (Three Stories, Hills like White Elephants), Franz Kafka (The Metamorphosis), Alfred Kreymborg (from: Manhattan Anthology), Pablo Picasso (Petite Fille Lisant), Muriel Rukeyser (Lover as Fox), Gertrude Stein (An Elucidation, The Life and Death of Juan Gris, Tender Buttons, Made a Mile Away), William Carlos Williams (The Dead Baby, The Somnambulists, A Note on the Recent Work of James Joyce, Winter, Improvisations, A Voyage to Paraguay).[6] - Also Paul Bowles, Bob Brown, Kathleen Cannell, Malcolm Cowley, Hart Crane, Abraham Lincoln Gillespie Jr. (on music), Eugene Jolas (also as Theo Rutra), Marius Lyle, Robert McAlmon, Archibald McLeish Allen Tate; Bryher, Morley Callaghan, Rhys Davies, Robert Graves, Sidney Hunt, Robie Macauley, Laura Riding, Ronald Symond, Dylan Thomas. - Christian Zervos' article Picasso à Dinard was featured in the Spring 1928 issue. No. 26, 1937, with a Marcel Duchamp cover, featured Hans Arp, Man Ray, Fernand Léger, László Moholy-Nagy, Piet Mondrian, Alexander Calder and others. - A third to half the space in the early years of transition was given to translations, some of which done by Maria McDonald Jolas; French writers included: André Breton, André Gide and the Peruvian Victor Llona ; German and Austrian poets and writers included Hugo Ball, Carl Einstein, Yvan Goll, Rainer Maria Rilke, René Schickele, August Stramm, Georg Trakl; Bulgarian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Yiddish, and Native American texts were also translated.[6][7] - Perhaps the most famous work to appear in transition was Finnegans Wake, by James Joyce. Many segments of the unfinished novel were published under the name of Work in Progress. - While transition was foremost a literary review, it also featured avant-garde visual art beginning with its inaugural issue (April 1927), which included reproductions of paintings by Max Ernst, Lajos Tihanyi, and Pavel Tchelitchew. While the periodical's cover initially bore only textual elements, commencing with the thirteenth issue Jolas began to feature art on the outside of his publication as well–much of it created specifically for transition. In the order of their appearance, the magazine's covers included art by Pablo Picasso, Stuart Davis, Man Ray, Gretchen Powel, Kurt Schwitters, Eli Lotar, Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, Joan Miró, Marcel Duchamp, and Wassily Kandinsky. In his essay ""Fontierless Decade,"" in the magazine's final issue, Jolas reflected that “all the new painters, photographers, and sculptors were reproduced [in transition], beginning in 1927, when many of them were unknown outside of a small circle on the continent.”[8] While Jolas's program for his magazine was outwardly focused on literature, his comments in his essay ""A New Vocabulary"" indicate that he considered visual art's inventiveness to be a model for the possibilities of the poetic word. He wrote, “While painting . . .  has proceeded to rid itself of the descriptive, done away with classical perspective, has tried more and more to attain a purity of abstract idealism, should the art of the word remain static?”[9] Much of the visual art in transition belongs to a small number of avant-garde moments that later became a part of the Modernist canon, especially (but not exclusively) Dada, Surrealism, Cubism, and Constructivism. Other artistic selections, like the reproduction of Marie Monnier's embroidery Birth, in transition no. 4, highlight Jolas's interest in both new and re-invented means of expression as well as marking the milieu in which he and his co-editors worked and socialized. For instance, Jolas knew Marie Monnier's sister, Adrienne Monnier, proprietor of the bookstore La Maison des Amis des Livres, where Marie's work was exhibited in 1927. Moreover, the writer Léon-Paul Fargue, who Jolas admired and included in his magazine, wrote text the catalog to the 1927 exhibition of Marie Monnier's embroidery.[10] Similarly, Jolas obtained a number of the reproductions of Surrealist paintings and objects that appeared in the magazine's first two years–including work by Yves Tanguy, who was little known at the time–by way of his friend Marcel Noll, who was director of the Galerie Surréaliste until it closed in 1928.[11] Transition, in turn, ran advertisements for the gallery in several issues. -",2023-08-26 17:51:49 -Timeline of Quebec history (1982–present) - Wikipedia," - This section of the Timeline of Quebec history concerns the events between patriation of the British North America Act and the present day. -",2023-08-26 17:51:53 -Chionodes canor - Wikipedia," - Chionodes canor is a moth in the family Gelechiidae.[1][failed verification] It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona.[2][3] - - This article on a moth of the genus Chionodes is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:51:56 -The Art of the Metaobject Protocol - Wikipedia,"The Art of the Metaobject Protocol (AMOP) is a 1991 book by Gregor Kiczales, Jim des Rivieres, and Daniel G. Bobrow (all three working for Xerox PARC) on the subject of metaobject protocol. - The book contains an explanation of what a metaobject protocol is, why it is desirable, and the de facto standard for the metaobject protocol supported by many Common Lisp implementations as an extension of the Common Lisp Object System, or CLOS.[1] A more complete and portable implementation of CLOS and the metaobject protocol, as defined in this book, was provided by Xerox PARC as Portable Common Loops.[2] - The book presents a simplified CLOS implementation for Common Lisp called ""Closette"", which for the sake of pedagogical brevity does not include some of the more complex or exotic CLOS features such as forward-referencing of superclasses, full class and method redefinitions, advanced user-defined method combinations, and complete integration of CLOS classes with Common Lisp's type system. It also lacks support for compilation and most error checking, since the purpose of Closette is not actual use, but simply to demonstrate the fundamental power and expressive flexibility of metaobject protocols as an application of the principles of the meta-circular evaluator.[3] - In his 1997 talk at OOPSLA, Alan Kay called it ""the best book anybody's written in ten years"", and contended that it contained ""some of the most profound insights, and the most practical insights about OOP"", but was dismayed that it was written in a highly Lisp-centric and CLOS-specific fashion, calling it ""a hard book for most people to read; if you don't know the Lisp culture, it's very hard to read"".[4][5] -",2023-08-26 17:52:00 -2017 Tour de France - Wikipedia," - The 2017 Tour de France was the 104th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The 21-stage race took place across 3,540 km (2,200 mi), commencing with an individual time trial in Düsseldorf, Germany on 1 July, and concluding with the Champs-Élysées stage in Paris on 23 July. A total of 198 riders from 22 teams entered the race. The overall general classification won by Chris Froome of Team Sky, his third consecutive victory and fourth overall. Rigoberto Urán (Cannondale–Drapac) and Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale) finished second and third, respectively. - Geraint Thomas (Team Sky) won the opening stage and became the Tour's first rider that year to wear the general classification leader's yellow jersey. Froome, who performed the best in the opening stage out of the pre-race favourites, took the lead after the fifth stage's summit finish. He held the lead until it was taken by Fabio Aru (Astana) at the end of stage twelve, where Froome lost time on the steep summit finish to Peyragudes. Froome retook the yellow jersey after the fourteenth stage and held it until the end of the race. - The points classification was won by Michael Matthews of Team Sunweb, with teammate Warren Barguil, winner of two high mountain stages, taking the mountains classification as well as the award for most combative rider. Orica–Scott's Simon Yates, in seventh place overall, won the young rider classification. The team classification was won by Team Sky. - The 2017 edition of the Tour de France consisted of 22 teams.[1] The race was the 25th of the 38 events in the UCI World Tour,[2] and all of its eighteen UCI WorldTeams were entitled, and obliged, to enter the race.[3] On 26 January 2017, the organiser of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the four second-tier UCI Professional Continental teams that were given wildcard invitations, of which three were French-based (Cofidis, Direct Énergie and Fortuneo–Oscaro) and one was Belgian (Wanty–Groupe Gobert, which participated in the race for the first time).[4] Fortuneo��Oscaro were initially invited to the race as Fortuneo–Vital Concept,[5] before a change of sponsorship prior to the opening day of racing.[6] The presentation of the teams – where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place in front of a crowd of 15,000 at the Burgplatz [de] square in Düsseldorf, Germany, on 29 June, two days before the opening stage held in the city.[7] - Each squad was allowed a maximum of nine riders, resulting in a start list total of 198.[8] Of these, 49 were competing in their first Tour de France.[9] The riders came from 32 countries. Six countries had more than 10 riders in the race: France (39), Italy (18), Belgium (16), Germany (16), the Netherlands (15), and Spain (13).[8] The average age of riders in the race was 29.4 years,[10] ranging from the 22-year-old Élie Gesbert (Fortuneo–Oscaro) to the 40-year-old Haimar Zubeldia (Trek–Segafredo).[11][12] Cannondale–Drapac had the youngest average age while Team Dimension Data had the oldest.[13] - The teams entering the race were:[1] - UCI WorldTeams - UCI Professional Continental teams - In the lead up to the 2017 Tour de France, Chris Froome (Team Sky) was seen by many pundits as the top pre-race favourite for the general classification.[14][15][16][17][18] His closest rivals were thought to be Richie Porte (BMC Racing Team), Nairo Quintana (Movistar Team), Alberto Contador (Trek–Segafredo), Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale) and Fabio Aru (Astana).[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Alejandro Valverde (Movistar Team), Jakob Fuglsang (Astana), Thibaut Pinot (FDJ), Esteban Chaves (Orica–Scott), Geraint Thomas (Team Sky), Dan Martin (Quick-Step Floors), Simon Yates (Orica–Scott), and Louis Meintjes (UAE Team Emirates).[17][20][21][22] - Froome, who won the 2013, 2015 and 2016 editions of the Tour, had not won a race in the 2017 season prior to the Tour's start. His best result was fourth overall at the Critérium du Dauphiné, a race considered to be the warm-up for the Tour and one he has won before his three previous Tour victories. Despite this, he was thought to have one of the strongest teams in the race that would ride in total support of him.[16][18] The 32-year-old Porte, who placed fifth in the 2016 Tour, won the general classification in two stage races so far in 2017, the Tour Down Under and the Tour de Romandie, and came second in the Dauphiné.[18] Quintana, third in the 2016 Tour, placed second at the Giro d'Italia, with overalls wins at the Tirreno–Adriatico and the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana earlier in the season.[21] The two-time winner (2007 and 2009) 34-year-old Contador came second overall in four stage races in 2017 before the Tour, Paris–Nice, the Vuelta a Andalucía, the Volta a Catalunya and the Tour of the Basque Country.[21] Bardet, the 2016 Tour runner-up, placed sixth overall in the Dauphiné, with his best other result sixth in the one-day Classic race Liège–Bastogne–Liège.[18] Aru started the Tour sharing leadership of the team with the Dauphiné winner Fuglsang. Aru won the Italian National Road Race Championships a week before the Tour and placed fifth at the Dauphiné.[21] - The sprinters considered favourites for the points classification and wins on the flat or hilly bunch sprint finishes were Peter Sagan (Bora–Hansgrohe), Marcel Kittel (Quick-Step Floors), Mark Cavendish (Team Dimension Data), André Greipel (Lotto–Soudal), and Alexander Kristoff (Team Katusha–Alpecin). Others expected to contend for sprint finishes included Michael Matthews (Team Sunweb), Arnaud Démare (FDJ), Dylan Groenewegen (LottoNL–Jumbo), John Degenkolb (Trek–Segafredo), Sonny Colbrelli (UAE Team Emirates) and Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis).[19][23][24][25][26][27] Double reigning world road race champion Sagan had won the five previous points classifications of the Tour, one away from matching Erik Zabel's record of six from 1996 to 2001.[19][28] His form in the 2017 season before the Tour included winning the one-day Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne race and the points classifications in Tirreno–Adriatico, the Tour de Suisse and the Tour of California.[29] Kittel had gained eight wins so far in 2017, as well as the general and points classifications in the Dubai Tour at the start of the season.[30] Cavendish's season before the Tour was affected by glandular fever, missing around three months;[19] his only success had been a stage win and the points classification at the Abu Dhabi Tour.[31] Greipel had amassed four wins in 2017 before the Tour, including one at the Giro.[26] Kristoff had taken six wins so far in 2017, and the points classifications at the Tour of Oman, the Étoile de Bessèges and the Three Days of De Panne.[32] - The opening stages of the 2017 Tour (known as the Grand Départ) were originally scheduled to be in London, United Kingdom; this would have been the third time the Tour had visited London, following the 2007 and 2014 editions. In September 2015, a week before this was due to be announced, Transport for London pulled out of the bid.[33] It was later revealed that this was the decision of the then Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, on the grounds of cost: hosting the Grand Depart would have cost £35 million.[34] In December 2015, the ASO announced that the Grand Départ would take place with stages based in Düsseldorf, the fourth time the Tour had begun in Germany and the first since 1987. The bid to host the Tour was only narrowly approved by the city council. The return to Germany followed a resurgence in German professional cycling.[35] On 14 January 2016, details of the opening two stages were announced. The first stage would be a 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) individual time trial in Düsseldorf itself. The second stage would also begin in Düsseldorf.[36] The full route was announced by race director Christian Prudhomme on 18 October 2016 at the Palais des Congrès in Paris.[37] - After the first time trial, the race left Germany during stage two, which finished in the Belgian city of Liège.[38] Stage three headed south, and after a brief passage through Luxembourg, ended with a climb in Longwy.[39] After a transitional stage, stage five saw the first major climb, the finish at the La Planche des Belles Filles.[38] The next two stages headed south-west,[38] before stage eight in the Jura Mountains, featured three categorised climbs.[40] The ninth stage included the steep climbs of the Col de la Biche [fr], the Col du Grand Colombier, and, after a 42-year absence, the Signal du Mont du Chat, its summit 25 km (15.5 mi) from the finish in Chambéry.[41][42] After a transfer during the rest day, stage ten took place in the Dordogne region, between Périgueux and Bergerac. Stage eleven was a transitional stage, followed by two stages in the Pyrenees. Stage twelve started from Pau and ended at the Peyragudes ski resort.[38] The next stage was short, at 110 km (68 mi), but included three climbs before a descent finish into Foix.[43] After leaving the Pyrenees, the riders headed north-east; stage fourteen finished with a climb towards the end of the stage.[44] Stage fifteen featured the first appearance of the Col de Peyra Taillade, with its conclusion in Le Puy-en-Velay.[45] Stage sixteen, the first after the final rest day, was a transitional stage, heading east, towards the Alps.[38] Stage seventeen included the Col d'Ornon, the Col de la Croix de Fer, the Col du Télégraphe and the highest point of elevation in the race, the Col du Galibier, before a descent finish into Serre Chevalier.[46] Stage eighteen was the final day of mountains; it had two climbs, the Col de Vars and the finishing climb, the Col d'Izoard.[47] It was the first time the Tour finished on the 2,360 m (7,743 ft)-high mountain pass.[48] After another transitional stage, heading south, came stage twenty, a 23 km (14.3 mi) individual time trial in Marseille.[38] Starting at the Stade Vélodrome, the course headed around the city, designated the 2017 European Capital of Sport, before ending also at the Stade Vélodrome.[49] The final stage began in Montgeron, which hosted the start of the first Tour, before concluding with the traditional laps of the Champs-Élysées.[37][38] - There were 21 stages in the race, covering a total distance of 3,540 km (2,200 mi), 13 km (8.1 mi) shorter than the 2016 Tour.[38][50] There were two time trial events, both of which were individual, a total of 36 km (22.4 mi).[38] Of the remaining nineteen stages, eight were officially classified as flat, six as medium mountain and five as high mountain.[51][38] The longest mass-start stage was stage nineteen, at 222.5 km (138 mi), and the shortest was stage thirteen, at 101 km (63 mi).[38] For the first time since the 1992 edition, the route included all five of mainland France's mountainous regions; the Vosges, the Jura, the Pyrenees, the Massif Central and the Alps.[52][53] There were summit finishes on stage twelve to Peyragudes and stage eighteen to the Col d'Izoard. Additionally, the hilly stage three had a hilltop finish in Longwy, and stage five ended at La Planche des Belles Filles.[54] The highest point of the race was the 2,642 m (8,668 ft)-high Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage seventeen.[55] It was among seven hors catégorie (English: ""out of category"") rated climbs in the race.[54] There were ten new start or finish locations. The rest days were after stage nine, in the Dordogne, and fifteen, in Le Puy-en-Velay.[38] - The opening stage's individual time trial was won by Geraint Thomas with a time of 16 min 4 s over the 14 km (8.7 mi) course. Thomas took the yellow and green jerseys as the leader of the general and points classifications respectively. Chris Froome was the highest placed of the general classification favourites, in sixth place, sixteen seconds down.[59] Overall contender Alejandro Valverde crashed on the wet roads and his injuries forced him to withdraw from the Tour.[60] Marcel Kittel won stage two's bunch sprint, and with it the green jersey. Breakaway rider Taylor Phinney (Cannondale–Drapac) took the first polka dot jersey as the leader of the mountains classification.[61] The uphill sprint finish of stage three was won by Peter Sagan; Nathan Brown (Cannondale–Drapac) took over the polka dot jersey.[62] The fourth stage ended with a bunch sprint and was won by Démare, with him also taking the green jersey.[63] There were two crashes leading up to the finish, the first was in the peloton around 1 km (0.6 mi) left and the second involved the sprinters at the end. In the sprint finish, Mark Cavendish crashed into the barriers at the side of the road, withdrawing later that day from the race from his injuries. Sagan, second in the stage, was disqualified after race officials judged that he caused Cavendish to crash, with the jury president Philippe Marien saying that he ""endangered some of his colleagues seriously"".[64][65] -The near universal opinion among commentators and former riders was that a disqualification is not justified and even senseless. André Greipel, who had criticised Sagan right after the stage, also exonerated him after watching the replays.[66] In December 2017, Sagan was officially exonerated by cycling's governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).[67] - In the fifth stage, a group containing the overall contenders caught the last of the breakaway riders 5 km (3.1 mi) from the summit finish at the La Planche des Belles Filles. With 2.4 km (1.5 mi) remaining, Fabio Aru attacked and won with a margin of sixteen seconds over the group. Thomas lost twenty seconds on the group and lost the yellow jersey to teammate Froome. Aru took over the lead of the mountains classification.[68] Kittel won the following two stages which ended in bunch sprints.[69][70] The latter stage was decided by a photo finish, with Kittel 6 mm (0.2 in) ahead of Edvald Boasson Hagen (Team Dimension Data); Kittel regained the green jersey.[70] In stage eight, the first high mountain stage, Lilian Calmejane of Direct Énergie attacked over the category 1 climb of Montée de la Combe de Laisia Les Molunes from a six-strong lead breakaway and soloed for 11.5 km (7.1 mi) to take the win 37 seconds ahead of second-placed and lone chaser Robert Gesink (LottoNL–Jumbo). Calmejane put himself into the polka dot jersey.[71] The ninth stage saw a select group of general classification favourites join Warren Barguil (Team Sunweb) after the final climb of the Mont du Chat and contest a sprint finish, won by Rigoberto Urán (Cannondale–Drapac). Barguil took lead of the mountains classification.[72] Upon crossing the finish line Barguil thought he won the stage while Uran showed no visible reaction. After a few moments to review the photo finish it was revealed that Uran's 'bike throw' got him over the line first to claim the stage win as Froome sprinted hard to earn a stage podium, but more importantly four bonus seconds to extend his overall lead.[73] -Richie Porte crashed heavily taking down Dan Martin while descending the Mont du Chat within the group of overall contenders. Porte withdrew from the race and was rushed to the hospital; fortunately he was in a stable condition.[74] Dan Martin recovered and finished strongly. The following day was the Tour's first rest day.[38] - Stages ten and eleven were won from bunch sprints by Kittel, taking his total of wins at the race to five.[75] The twelfth stage saw the overall contenders all reach the foot of the short steep climb to Peyragudes; Romain Bardet won by a margin of two seconds. Froome came seventh, 22 seconds down, and lost the overall lead to third-placed Aru.[76] The 101 km (62.8 mi)-long stage thirteen was won by Barguil, who won the sprint after a descent from an elite group with Nairo Quintana, Alberto Contador and Mikel Landa (Team Sky). The chasing group of overall contenders came in 1 min 39 s down.[77] In the fourteenth stage, a reduced peloton contested the uphill sprint finish at Rodez, which was won by Matthews. Aru's advantage of six seconds over Froome was changed to a deficit of eighteen, after Aru came in thirty seconds down in thirtieth place and Froome was seventh, one second behind Matthews.[78] - Stage fifteen saw Trek–Segafredo's Bauke Mollema attack a breakaway group over the top of the Col de Peyra Taillade with 31 km (19.3 mi) to go and solo to victory. In the large group containing the overall contenders, Bardet's team AG2R La Mondiale forced a high pace on the Peyra Taillade. A further 6 km (3.7 mi) later on the climb, Froome suffered a broken spoke, and, after receiving a new wheel from a teammate and some assistance from three other teammates, he was able to chase back up to the group.[79][80] The next day was the second rest day of the race.[38] In the sixteenth stage, the high pace set by Matthews's Team Sunweb dropped the green jersey wearer Kittel; Matthews, who was second to Kittel in points classification, won the stage.[81] Primož Roglič (LottoNL–Jumbo), second behind Barguil in the mountains classification, won the following mountainous stage after a solo attack on the Col du Galibier, finishing in Serre Chevalier after a descent over a minute ahead of a four-man group containing the new top three in the general classification: Froome, Urán, and Bardet, respectively; and also Barguil. Aru dropped from second overall to fourth. Kittel crashed and withdrew from the Tour, putting Matthews in the green jersey.[82] - The final high mountain stage of the Tour, the eighteenth, saw Barguil claim his second stage victory of the race on the summit finish at Col d'Izoard; he was initially caught by the group of overall favourites on the final climb after being the one of last survivors from the breakaway, with only Darwin Atapuma (UAE Team Emirates) ahead. Barguil's winning move came with 3 km (1.9 mi) remaining, passing Atapuma to win by twenty seconds. A three-way sprint for fourth place saw Bardet finish just ahead of Froome with Urán placing fifth; Bardet moved up to second overall, six seconds ahead of Urán, with Froome holding a 23-second advantage.[83] Boasson Hagen won stage nineteen with an attack from a reduced breakaway with 2.5 km (1.6 mi) to go.[84] Maciej Bodnar of Bora–Hansgrohe won the 22.5 km (14.0 mi) individual time trial of the penultimate stage, setting a time of 28 min 15 s. Froome was third, six seconds down, increasing his lead in the general classification to 54 seconds. Bardet dropped to third overall after he lost over two minutes in the stage, and Urán was 31 seconds in arrears.[85] - The final stage in Paris was won by Dylan Groenewegen in a bunch sprint on the Champs-Élysées. Froome finished the race to win his fourth Tour de France.[86] Urán placed second overall, 54 seconds down, with Bardet 2 min 20 s behind, just one second ahead of Landa (fourth overall). Matthews won the points classification with a total of 370, 136 ahead of Greipel in second. Barguil won the mountains classification with 169 points, 89 ahead of second-placed Roglič. The best young rider was seventh-placed overall Simon Yates, who was followed by Louis Meintjes (eighth overall) in second, 2 min 6 s down. An Orica–Scott rider won the classification for the second consecutive year, after Yates' twin brother Adam won in 2016. Team Sky finished as the winners of the team classification, 7 min 14 s ahead of second-placed AG2R La Mondiale. Of the 198 starters, 167 reached the finish of the last stage in Paris.[87] - There were four main individual classifications being contested in the 2017 Tour de France, as well as a team competition. The most important was the general classification, which was calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage.[88] Time bonuses (time subtracted) were awarded at the end of every stage apart from the two individual time trials. The first three riders get 10, 6, and 4 seconds, respectively.[89] For crashes within the final 3 km (1.9 mi) of a stage, not including time trials and summit finishes, any rider involved received the same time as the group they were in when the crash occurred.[90] The rider with the lowest cumulative time was the winner of the general classification and was considered to be the overall winner of the Tour.[88] The rider leading the classification wore a yellow jersey.[91] - The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing among the highest placed in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints during the stage. The points available for each stage finish were determined by the stage's type.[88] The leader was identified by a green jersey.[91] - The third classification was the mountains classification. Points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit of the most difficult climbs first. The climbs were categorised, in order of increasing difficulty, as fourth-, third-, second-, and first-category and hors catégorie.[88] Double points were awarded on the summit finish of the Col d'Izoard on stage 18.[88] The leader wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[91] - The final individual classification was the young rider classification. This was calculated the same way as the general classification, but the classification was restricted to riders who were born on or after 1 January 1992.[89] The leader wore a white jersey.[91] - The final classification was a team classification. This was calculated using the finishing times of the best three riders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time. The number of stage victories and placings per team determined the outcome of a tie.[89] The riders in the team that led this classification were identified with yellow number bibs on the back of their jerseys and yellow helmets.[91] - In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have ""made the greatest effort and who demonstrated the best qualities of sportsmanship"".[89] No combativity awards were given for the time trials and the final stage.[92] The winner wore a red number bib the following stage.[89] At the conclusion of the Tour, Warren Barguil won the overall super-combativity award,[87] again, decided by a jury.[89] - A total of €2,280,950 was awarded in cash prizes in the race.[92] The overall winner of the general classification received €500,000, with the second and third placed riders getting €200,000 and €100,000 respectively.[93] All finishers in the top 160 were awarded with money.[93] The holders of the classifications benefited on each stage they led; the final winners of the points and mountains were given €25,000, while the best young rider and most combative rider collected €20,000.[94] The team classification winners were given €50,000.[95] €11,000 was given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places 2–20.[93] There was also a special award with a prize of €5,000, the Souvenir Henri Desgrange, given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier. This prize was won by Primož Roglič on stage seventeen.[92][81] - Riders from the WorldTeams competing for individually and for their teams for points that contributed towards the World Tour rankings.[98] Riders from both the WorldTeams and Professional Continental teams also competed individually and for their nations for points that contributed towards the UCI World Ranking, which included all UCI road races.[99][100] Both rankings used the same points scale, awarding points to the top sixty in the general classification, each yellow jersey given at the end of a stage, the top five finishers in each stage and for the top three in the final points and mountains classifications.[99][101] The points accrued by Chris Froome moved him from twentieth to sixth in the World Tour and kept his fifth place in the World Ranking. Greg Van Avermaet (BMC Racing Team) held the lead of both individual rankings. Quick-Step Floors and Belgium also holding the lead of the World Tour team ranking and World Ranking nation ranking, respectively.[100][102][103] -",2023-08-26 17:52:04 -"Spice Valley Township, Lawrence County, Indiana - Wikipedia"," - Spice Valley Township is one of nine townships in Lawrence County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,423 and it contained 1,137 housing units.[2] - The Williams Bridge was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.[3] - According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 71.25 square miles (184.5 km2), of which 70.34 square miles (182.2 km2) (or 98.72%) is land and 0.91 square miles (2.4 km2) (or 1.28%) is water.[2] - (This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.) - The township contains these nine cemeteries: Brunner, Bryantsville, Burton, Connerley Switch, Cox, Georgia, Grodey, Huron and Tincher. - Spice Valley Township residents may obtain a free library card from the Mitchell Community Public Library in Mitchell.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:52:08 -Community School of Music and Arts at Finn Center - Wikipedia,"The Community School of Music and Arts (CSMA) was founded in Mountain View, California, in 1968. The school is now the largest non-profit provider of art and music education programs in both Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties. - CSMA is Northern California's largest non-profit provider of arts education programs and, with a $6 million budget and 160-member staff and faculty, it is one of the ten largest community schools in the United States. Located in Silicon Valley, CSMA is dedicated to making the arts and arts education accessible to all, regardless of age, experience or background. Headquartered in the Finn Center in the City of Mountain View, CSMA directly serves over 22,000 people of all ages, skill levels and economic means each year, including over 16,000 students at 40+ schools in San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties. - CSMA is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization,[1] and is a member of the National Guild for Community Arts Education. - Finn Center is CSMA's first permanent home. Opened in January 2004, it is an $11.7 million, 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) building housing 17 music studios, classrooms, a ceramics studio, a digital arts lab, a teacher resource center, a recital hall, the 200-seat Tateuchi Hall for concerts, and exhibition space in Mohr Gallery. The building was designed by Mark Cavagnero Associates, and has received awards for design excellence (American Institute of Architects, Architectural Record, and Business Week.) -  WikiMiniAtlas37°24′29″N 122°06′39″W / 37.408005°N 122.11082°W / 37.408005; -122.11082 -",2023-08-26 17:52:12 -"Nea Filadelfeia, Thessaloniki - Wikipedia"," - Nea Filadelfeia (Greek: Νέα Φιλαδέλφεια), known before 1927 as Naresh (Greek: Νάρες), is a village and a community of the Oraiokastro municipality.[2] Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Kallithea, of which it was a municipal district.[2] The 2011 census recorded 923 inhabitants in the village.[1] The community of Nea Filadelfeia covers an area of 12.624 km2.[3] - The Village is served by a station on Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli line. - This Central Macedonia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:15 -Henry Howell - Wikipedia,"Henry Evans Howell, Jr. (September 5, 1920 – July 7, 1997), nicknamed ""Howlin' Henry"" Howell, was an American lawyer and politician from the Commonwealth of Virginia. A progressive populist and a member of the Democratic Party, he served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, was elected the 31st Lieutenant Governor of Virginia as an Independent Democrat, and made several runs for governor. - Born and raised in Norfolk, Virginia, Howell attended the local public schools. He earned a degree from Old Dominion College and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia.[1] - Howell first became involved in political campaigns in 1949. He worked for the unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate Francis Pickens Miller against John S. Battle, the favored candidate of the Byrd Organization, the state's political machine, in the Democratic primary. After defeating Miller in the primary, Battle went on to win the general election. In 1952, Howell managed Miller's campaign against incumbent U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, the leader of the political machine, a campaign that Miller also lost. - The following year, Howell ran for a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates (a part-time position) but failed to win election. In 1959, during the Massive Resistance crisis, as the Byrd Organization closed Norfolk's schools until Governor J. Lindsay Almond acceded to decisions of the Virginia Supreme Court and a three-judge federal panel mandating desegregation, Howell was elected as one of Norfolk's several representatives, along with Joshua Warren White and James W. Roberts. However, he failed to be re-elected in what was redistricted as District 51 in 1961. In 1963, after Howell and Arlington's Edmund D. Campbell won the Davis v. Mann redistricting case, Norfolk's voters elected Howell along with White and Robert to represent them in what had become District 50.[2] - In 1965, Howell won election to the Virginia Senate. - A fiery left-wing populist, Howell assailed big business, particularly banks, insurance companies, and monopolies. A favorite target was Dominion Energy, then known as VEPCO (Virginia Electric Power Company), which Howell claimed stood for ""Very Expensive Power Company."" A supporter of civil rights for African Americans, Howell campaigned against massive resistance, was a major proponent of desegregation, and filed a successful lawsuit to abolish the state's poll tax. A believer in workers' right to organize, he often attempted to repeal Virginia's right-to-work law. - In 1969, Howell made his first run for governor by challenging former Ambassador William C. Battle, son of former Governor John S. Battle, for the nomination. Battle won the primary, and went on to lose the election to A. Linwood Holton Jr., Virginia's first elected Republican governor and the first Republican to hold the office since Reconstruction Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker in 1869. One analyst attributed Holton's victory not only to attracting liberal and African-American votes but also because Howell's backers had ""bolted the party to nail the coffin shut"" on the Byrd Organization.[3] Holton served until January 1974. - When the popular Lieutenant Governor J. Sargeant Reynolds died in 1971, Howell entered the race to fill the remaining two years of his term. Running as an Independent Democrat, Howell campaigned on a promise to ""Keep the Big Boys Honest,"" a slogan that he would retain in later campaigns. He received 362,371 votes (40%), compared to 334,580 votes (37%) for Democrat George J. Kostel and 209,861 votes (23%) for Republican George P. Shafran. - In 1973, Howell made his second run for governor, now as an Independent Democrat.[4] The state Democratic Party ran no candidate, and the Republicans nominated former Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr., a conservative Democrat who had chaired an organization called ""Democrats for Nixon"" in 1972. Howell failed to get the backing of the Democratic establishment within Virginia. - The Virginian-Pilot described Howell's campaign: ""He rumbled from one remote country store to another in a loudspeaker-equipped camper blaring hillbilly music.... He staged rallies with the trappings of revival tent meetings – live music, cardboard buckets for campaign offerings, and the candidate himself calling on the faithful to 'witness' for his cause with their votes.""[citation needed] - Godwin won with 525,075 votes (51%) to Howell's 510,103 votes (49%), a narrow margin of 15,000 votes. Howell was able to win in rural Appalachian Virginia and with African-American voters but failed due to lack of support in wealthy suburban areas. Garrett Epps, a reporter for the Richmond Mercury, would later write a fictionalized account of the race, entitled The Shad Treatment. Howell later described the 1973 campaign as ""the high point"" of his life. - In 1977, Howell made his final run for elective office, campaigning for governor as a Democrat. Although former State Attorney General Andrew P. Miller, his chief primary opponent, outspent him by a ratio of 3-to-1, Howell defeated him in the primary with 253,373 votes (51%) but went on to lose the general election, taking 541,319 votes (43%) to Republican Lieutenant Governor John N. Dalton's 699,302 votes (56%). Charles Robb, who won election as lieutenant governor in that election, took action to align the personal animosity which had evolved between the Miller and Howell factions, by persuading former United States Senator William Spong to chair a commission to revitalize the state Democratic party.[5] Virginia Democrats then moved from a primary election to a convention system, and Robb's political career continued, but Howell's ended. - After losing the 1977 election, Howell retired to Norfolk, dying of cancer on July 7, 1997.[6][7] - Although he failed to win Virginia's highest office, Howell put a definitive end to the rule of the conservative Byrd machine, helped consolidate gains of the Civil Rights Movement, and partnered with and mobilized newly enfranchised African-American voters. He offered the previously marginalized unprecedented recognition and respect in the state's transforming politics. He was much more progressive, less compromising, and more anti-Establishment than most of the so-called ""New South"" Democrats who emerged in the 1970s, such as Jimmy Carter, Reubin Askew, and Dale Bumpers. That hampered his success in a state that had rarely experienced a strong populist movement. However, his rejection of Virginia's racist legacy and the cross-racial coalitions he built prefigured the historic 1989 election of L. Douglas Wilder as the state's first African-American governor, as well as Barack Obama's victories in Virginia in two consecutive presidential elections. Eulogizing Howell, political scientist Larry Sabato, who had worked for Howell, praised how he drew support both from liberals and conservatives because he sought ""power not for its own sake but to help others, to serve people and not the political class.""[8] -",2023-08-26 17:52:18 -2006 Denmark Open darts - Wikipedia,"2006 Denmark Open is a darts tournament, which took place in Denmark in 2006. [1] -",2023-08-26 17:52:21 -Ficus meizonochlamys - Wikipedia," - Ficus meizonochlamys is a species of plant in the family Moraceae. It is endemic to Cuba. - - This Moraceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:25 -Protocruziea - Wikipedia," - Protocruziea is a class of ciliates in the subphylum Intramacronucleata. - - This ciliate-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:29 -Widow's pension - Wikipedia,"A widow's pension is a payment from the government of a country to a person whose spouse has died. - Generally, such payments are made to a widow whose late spouse has fulfilled the country's requirements, including contribution, cohabitation, and length of marriage.[1] - During the Progressive Era, there was a proliferation of laws introducing widows' pensions (generally called ""mothers' pensions) at the state level.[2] - At the federal level, the widow's pension was introduced in the Senate in 1930.[3] It was not especially uncommon for young women in Arkansas to marry Confederate pensioners; in 1937 the state passed a law stating that women who married Civil War veterans would not be eligible for a widow's pension. The law was later changed in 1939 to state that widows born after 1870 were not eligible for pensions. - In 1899, Congress approved a payment of $11,750 of widow's pension owed to Harriet Tubman.[1][4] - In the United Kingdom, the Widow’s Pension was discontinued in 2001.[5] A widow's pension can be paid to childless widows aged 45 or over, or to those whose husband died before September 4, 2001.[6] - When it was offered, for a woman to qualify, her husband had to have paid 25 flat-rate contributions before April 6, 1975.[1] - In Israel in 2007, a court ruled that the female partner of a deceased lesbian was entitled to a widow's pension.[5] - In New Zealand, a widow's pension was introduced in 1911 to help families with no other way of supporting themselves.[citation needed] - - This economic term article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:33 -Lesser African threadfin - Wikipedia," - The lesser African threadfin (Galeoides decadactylus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a threadfin from the family Polynemidae which is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of Africa. - The lesser African threadfin has a rather compress, moderately elongated body with has a depth which is around one thirds of the standard length. The mouth has an inferior position and is overhung by the blunt snout. The jaws extend past the eye. It has two dorsal fins which are widely separated, the first dorsal fin has 8 weak spines and the second has a single spine and 13 or 14 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 11 or 12 soft rays. The second dorsal fin and anal fin have bases which are approximately equal in length. The pectoral fins are positioned low on the body, this fin has 9 or 10 detached threadlike lower rays. It has a count scales in the lateral line of 45–46. This species is a dull silvery colour, with a brownish to green tint in the back fading to whitish on the breast and belly. There is a large, round, dusky blotch directly below the first dorsal fin which sits beneath the lateral line at level of first dorsal fin, this blotch is similar in size to the eye.[3] The lesser African threadfin can attain a total length of 50 centimetres (20 in) but 30 centimetres (12 in) is more normal.[2] - The lesser African threadfin is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Morocco south as far as Angola. It is also found around the Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands and has been recorded off Namibia and in the Mediterranean Sea off Algeria.[4][1] - The lesser African threadfin occurs over muddy bottoms in shallow coastal waters at depths between 10 and 70 metres (33 and 230 ft), and they are often observed in estuaries and lagoons. Its diet is dominated by crustaceans but it will feed on small fishes. The stomach contents of specimens taken from the open sea had almost no detritus while those taken in estuaries had 31% of their stomach contents made up of detritus In a study near Lagos in Nigeria it was found that 25% of the females present had developed from the juvenile stage, i.e. had not been males, while the remainder had passed through a hermaphroditic phase having been males. Hermaphroditic fish are not reproductively functional. The sex composition of that population was 63.73% male, 22.22% hermaphroditic and 14.3% female. Spawning occurs throughout the year but peaks in the dry season and almost ceasesd during the rains. Most of these fish will not survive past the age of four years old.[4] - The lesser African threadfin is an important quarry species in the commercial trawl fishery of the eastern Atlantic, and it makes up between 10 and 20% of the total landings by weight. In 2000-2006 the annual catch from western Africa averaged 15,600 tonnes, with the largest catches being landed in Nigeria, Ghana, and Gabon. In Senegal, it is regarded as an important coastal resource. Fishermen use beach seines, gillnets and shallow haul nets to catch this species. This species is highly regarded and is marketed fresh, dried salted or smoked.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:52:36 -Takeshi Motoyoshi - Wikipedia,"Takeshi Motoyoshi (本吉 剛, Motoyoshi Takeshi, born July 26, 1967) is a former Japanese football player. - Motoyoshi was born in Yokohama on July 26, 1967. After graduating from Chuo University, he joined Fujita Industries in 1990. He became a regular player as center back. In 1991, he moved to Mitsubishi Motors (later Urawa Reds). However his opportunity to play decreased in 1994 and he moved to Japan Football League club Otsuka Pharmaceutical in 1995. He moved to Tokyo Gas in 1997. Although the club was promoted to new league J2 League end of 1998 season, he retired end of 1998 season. - In 1988, when Motoyoshi was a Chuo University student, he was selected Japan national ""B team"" for 1988 Asian Cup. At this competition, he played 1 game.[1] However, Japan Football Association don't count as Japan national team match because this Japan team was ""B team"" not ""top team"" - This biographical article related to a Japanese association football defender born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:40 -Chuck Rose - Wikipedia,"Charles Alfred Rose (September 1, 1885 – August 4, 1961) was a professional baseball pitcher, outfielder, and first baseman. He played three games in Major League Baseball for St. Louis Browns. Rose was 5 feet, 8 inches tall and weighed 158 pounds.[1] - Rose was born in Macon, Missouri, in 1885.[1] He started his professional baseball career in 1902 with Fargo of the Northern League. Rose stayed with Fargo for five seasons, playing mostly in the outfield. He had batting averages above .270 during each campaign and twice batted over .300.[2] - In 1907, Rose joined the Burlington Pathfinders.[2] The following season, he played for three teams: the Central Association's Pathfinders, the Texas League's Austin Senators, and the Pacific Coast League's Portland Beavers. With Burlington, Rose was a first baseman and batted .302 with a league-leading 146 hits.[2][3] With the other two teams, he was a pitcher and had a combined win–loss record of 8-19.[2] - Rose spent most of the 1909 season with the Texas League's Houston Buffaloes. His contract was purchased by the American League's St. Louis Browns in July, but he pitched for the Buffaloes until September, going 21-16, before joining the Browns.[1][2] In three MLB starts that season, Rose went 1-2 with a 5.40 earned run average. That was the only time he would appear in the majors.[1] - The following year, Rose returned to the Houston Buffaloes. He played for them from 1910 to 1915 and won over 20 games three times in those six years.[2] In 1913, he went 26-7 and led the Texas League in wins.[4] He retired with a career record of 143-99 in the minor leagues.[2] - Rose died in Salina, Kansas, in 1961.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:52:43 -FAMAE SAF - Wikipedia,"The FAMAE SAF is a submachine gun produced and manufactured by FAMAE (Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército) since 1993.[1] - Since 1999, Taurus have produced the SAF under license in .40 S&W for Brazilian law enforcement.[2] - Semi-automatic-only variants manufactured by FAMAE are mostly marketed for sale in Canada.[3] - The SAF is a blowback-operated select-fire submachine gun, firing from a closed bolt. It is based on the Swiss SIG SG 540 assault rifle which was produced under license in Chile in the 1980s.[4][1] The design is a shortened version of the SIG 540 rifle, but the rifle's rotating bolt has been replaced with a simple blowback bolt. The SAF also has a bolt hold-open catch that engages after the final shot. Otherwise, the receiver, stock, fore-end, trigger/hammer assembly and floating firing pin design are from the SIG 540. (It also retains the folding trigger guard for winter glove use.) - The upper and lower receiver as well as the trigger guard are steel, and the pistol-grip and handguards are all made from polymer. The ambidextrous safety/fire selector switch, as well as the interchangeability with SIG 552/553 handguards are a feature found on the latest versions. Older versions used their own handguards. - The 9mm magazines use a transparent plastic made from polymer,[4] allowing the number of available rounds to be determined visually. The magazine is fitted with protruding lugs on one side and corresponding slots on the other, allowing two or three magazines to be clipped together for a quicker magazine change.[4] The .40 S&W magazines are made of steel and holds 30 rounds. - The selector has four settings: safe, single shot, 3-round burst and fully automatic.[4] Some models were made in a semi-auto only configuration for law enforcement and civilian customers.[1] - The SAF is manufactured in four different variants: standard configuration with a fixed polymer buttstock,[1] standard configuration with a left-side-folding tubular metal buttstock, SAF SD, which used an integral suppressor and folding buttstock,[1] and the Mini-SAF.[4] - The SAF SD is a suppressed variant, it has a slightly longer barrel length of 220 millimetres (8.7 in). It has a lowered fire rate of 980 rpm and a muzzle velocity of 300m/s[5] - The Mini-SAF is a more compact variant, at only 12 inches (300 mm) long.[6] It has a short 4.5-inch (110 mm) barrel, no shoulder stock (although the left-side-folding tubular metal buttstock of the standard SAF can be attached), and a vertical foregrip. The Mini-SAF can use the standard 30-round magazines, but comes with special 20-round magazines for a smaller profile.[1] All versions have post-front-sights with adjustable elevation, and aperture-rear-sights, adjustable for windage. - The SAF-200 is a modernised variant, which is being tested by FAMAE and the Chilean Army.[1][when?] It includes a new retractable and foldable stock, a new handguard and Picatinny rails provided for modern optics and lateral attachments. The rails are optional for the other SAF variants, but is standard on the SAF-200.[7] -",2023-08-26 17:52:47 -Syllepte occlusalis - Wikipedia," - Syllepte occlusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1905. It is found in Ecuador's Loja Province and Costa Rica.[1] - - This Syllepte-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:50 -Sincerely Yours (One Voice album) - Wikipedia,"Sincerely Yours is the second album by R&B group One Voice. The album was supposed to show their growth as artists, but was less successful than their debut album and received mixed reviews. Along with the album came a new sexy image. The album would only sell 20,000 copies in the United States and 25,000 copies in the Philippines where it only went silver. This would be their last album with Kamikaze. - ""Swing Your Love 2 Me"" and ""So Badd"" were both released as singles, but both failed to find success. - - This 2000s pop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This 2000s R&B/soul album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:52:54 -Grossvatertanz - Wikipedia,"The Grossvatertanz (Grandfather Dance) is a German dance tune from the 17th century. It is generally considered a traditional folk tune. - It is a tripartite tune: - The first part was sung to the words: - Und als der Großvater die Großmutter nahm, -Da war der Großvater ein Bräutigam - New lyrics to the first part of the tune were written by Klamer Eberhard Karl Schmidt in 1794[1] and August Friedrich Ernst Langbein in 1812,[2] both ""lengthy and dull pieces of ornate poetry"" (Franz Magnus Böhme, 1886).[3] Carl Gottlieb Hering [de] (1766–1853) in 1823 composed a new tune to Langbein's lyrics,[4] for which he has erroneously been claimed to be the real author.[5] - For many years, it was regularly played and danced at the end of wedding celebrations, and became known as the Kehraus (""finale"", lit. turn-out).[6] It became so associated with marriage that when Louis Spohr wrote a Festival March for the wedding of Princess Marie of Hesse to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in 1825, he was required to quote the Grossvater Tanz in it. - Robert Schumann quoted the Grossvatertanz in a number of works, among them: - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky also quotes the tune in act 1 of his ballet The Nutcracker (1892). It appears at the end of the Christmas party. Tchaikovsky was a great admirer of Schumann's music, but it is not clear whether this was meant as some sort of tribute to Schumann or simply as an appropriate tune to use in music depicting the winding up of a happy family event.[7] - More recently, the German composer Jörg Widmann has used the Grossvatertanz in his Third String Quartet, ""Jagdquartett"" (2003), to evoke a hunt.[8][9] -",2023-08-26 17:52:58 -Flamstead F.C. - Wikipedia," - Flamstead F.C. was a football club based in the village of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England connected to the village Sports & Social Club. They joined the South Midlands League Division One in 1990. For the 2006–07 season, they were members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two, but withdrew from the competition shortly after spanking rivals Markyate 5–0. A day to remember for all. Their final game was a bad tempered 1–3 home defeat to Padbury United in April 2007. - They were not listed as a registered Football Club in the Hertfordshire FA handbook for season 2007–08 or 2008–09, and subsequently appear to have folded. However, although the club had planned to form a new football section and enter a local league for the 2009–10 season, this never came to fruition and it now appears that these plans have been shelved indefinitely. - - This article about a defunct English football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:53:01 -Robert Beerbohm - Wikipedia,"Robert Lee Beerbohm (born June 17, 1952)[1] is an American comic book historian and retailer who has been intimately involved with the rise of comics fandom since 1966. Beginning as a teenager in the late 60s, he became a fixture in the growing comic convention scene, while in the 1970s and 1980s he was heavily involved in Bay Area comic book retailing and distribution. - Beerbohm has been a consultant and author detailing the early history of comics in the United States, including rediscovering the first comic book in America, Rodolphe Töpffer's The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck. He has supplied data and visual aids as listed in the acknowledgements of over 200 books on comics and counting. - Beerbohm attended the University of Nebraska–Lincoln from 1970 – 1972.[2] - In October 1966, while still in junior high school, Beerbohm took out his first ad in Rocket's Blast Comicollector (a.k.a. RBCC) #47, launching what has eventually become known as Robert Beerbohm Comic Art. By the 21st century Beerbohm was selling vintage American popular culture artifacts (mostly comic books) via the internet. In addition to setting up at shows nationwide for decades. - Beerbohm set up a booth at his first comics convention June 16–18, 1967, at the first Houstoncon. Traveling 28 hours on a Greyhound bus, Beerbohm turned 15 the first day of that seminal show.[3] - Beerbohm estimated from June 1967 thru April 2012 he set up at a thousand comics shows. Two strokes saw him close it all down July 10, 2018. - In late August 1972, ten days following the first El Cortez Hotel San Diego Comicon, with housemate Bud Plant and John Barrett, Beerbohm co-opened Comics & Comix on Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley, California.[4] - In April 1973 Comics & Comix hosted the first Bay Area comics convention, Berkeleycon 73, in the Pauley Ballroom in the ASUC Building on the University of California, Berkeley campus. Berkeleycon was the first comic-con that highlighted underground comix.[5] - During the Berkeleycon they were blessed with what became known as the Tom Reilly 'pedigree' collection of close to 4000 white-paper, never-opened NM/M comic books published summer 1939 thru summer 1945. Tom had enlisted in the Navy late Dec 1941. His parents in affluent Piedmont section of Oakland, Calif kept buying one of each. Placing them untouched on shelves in their son's bedroom. Tom is killed during a kamikaze attack in the Pacific summer 1945. His parents sealed the room. They died Dec 1972. The young men ended up with 7/9s of the collection April-June 1972. Within 3 months they had opened 3 more stores dubbing the corporate firm Comics & Comix. - Beerbohm, John Barrett and Bud Plant as Comics & Comix published the first three issues of Jack Katz' The First Kingdom beginning in 1974. They also published comics by Jim Pinkoski and Dan O'Neill during Beerbohm's involvement.[6] - Beerbohm sold out in early 1975. He went 'solo' opening his first Best of Two Worlds early Nov 1976 at 1707 Haight St, San Francisco. By May 1977 he opened a 2nd Best of Two Worlds on Telegraph Ave near UC-Berkeley taking over his ex-partner's old location a block apart - On Oct 4, 1978, with partner Gary Wood he opened The Funny Pages on Pier 30, the first high traffic tourist location comic bookstore in America. San Francisco's Fisherman's Wharf was then the 3rd largest tourist attraction in the world. This location sold high end popular culture artifacts to the well-to-do then coming in from all over the world. - In 1980 Beerbohm opened a 3rd Best of Two Worlds on 4th St in Santa Rosa. Charles ""Sparky"" Schultz then owned a Snoopy skating rink a mile away. - In 1982 Gary Wood sold his 50% to Robert Borden. In early 1985 Borden and Beerbohm sold 14% to Rory Root. - In Feb 1986 massive tsunami-like snow-melt flood waters cascaded out of the Sierra Nevada mountains destroying much of northern California. Best of Two Worlds central warehouse was mostly destroyed. It contained a million comic books, half a million cards, 10,000 concert posters, 3000 pages of original comic book art. Plus 90% of Beerbohm's comics fandom archives 1966-1985. - After Best of Two Worlds was forced by natural disaster into bankruptcy. Beerbohm went solo again with one store in Haight Ashbury, but moved to better location at Masonic which is a major bus transfer hub for 7 lines on all four corners. Here Beerbohm rebuilt almost from scratch once again. Dec 1987 he hosted Bill Sienkiewicz which boosted the morale of both. In early 1988 Rick Griffin moved to a couple blocks away. Their friendship began to grow. - On June 1, 1991, Beerbohm, with silent-partner Edward Walker, opened Best Comics and Rock Art Gallery, an art gallery initially centering on seminal rock poster illustrator Rick Griffin in Fisherman's Wharf at The Cannery. The store's grand opening party June 1, 1991, featured bands like Big Brother and The Holding Company, New Riders of the Purple Sage, members of Quicksilver Messenger Service, It's a Beautiful Day, the Irish band Phoenix, and others.[citation needed] - All the other concert poster artists wanted in on this then-growing enterprise. Rick and Robert had decided on building the concept larger into a full-fledged Rock Art Museum. Bill Graham of Bill Graham Presents as well as Jann Wenner, publisher of Rolling Stone, were backing this expansion.Two and a half months later, Griffin was killed in a motorcycle accident;[7] Beerbohm and Walker were forced to close the gallery in 1992.[citation needed] - As a comics historian, Beerbohm rediscovered the first comic book in America, Rodolphe Töpffer's The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck, published on September 14, 1842 in New York City, as Brother Jonathan Extra No. IX, which is in the same format as a ""modern"" day comic book, sans staples, which had not yet been invented.[8][9][10] - In June 2006 Beerbohm's hip joints imploded going bone on bone on him. In Oct HMO Aetna canceled long paid on medical insurance creating havoc in his business life. Already scheduled surgery was abruptly canceled citing ""undisclosed pre-existing condition"". Three years went by until Oct 2009 arrangements were finally made which necessitated dual replacements on the same day. Beerbohm riding 'shotgun' took the full-force brunt of a van accident Bud Plant was driving. Terry Stroud, and Dick Swan were aldo involved in this accident in June 1973 coming out of the Houstoncon.[11] - -",2023-08-26 17:53:04 -Vittorio Pozzo - Wikipedia," - Vittorio Pozzo (Italian pronunciation: [vitˈtɔːrjo ˈpottso]; 2 March 1886 – 21 December 1968) was an Italian football player, manager and journalist. - The creator of the Metodo tactical formation, Pozzo is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time,[2] and is the only manager to guide a national team to two FIFA World Cup titles as coach,[3] leading the Italy national team to victory in the 1934 and 1938 FIFA World Cups.[4] Nicknamed Il Vecchio Maestro (""The Old Master""),[5] he also led Italy to a gold medal at the 1936 Olympic football tournament, becoming the only manager to win both Olympic Games and World Cup, and managed the Italian championship squads of the 1930 and 1935 editions of the Central European International Cup. - Vittorio Pozzo was born in Turin, Italy on 2 March 1886, into a family originally from Ponderano.[6] He attended the Liceo Cavour in Turin, his hometown; he later studied languages and played football in France, Switzerland and England.[6] He studied in Manchester at the turn of the 20th century and met Manchester United half-back Charlie Roberts and Derby County's inside-left Steve Bloomer.[7][8] - As a player, Pozzo played professionally in Switzerland for Grasshopper Club Zürich the 1905–06 season, before returning to Italy where he helped found Torino F.C. (then ""Foot-Ball Club Torino""), a team with which he played for five seasons until retiring from football in 1911.[6][9] He would serve as the technical director of Torino from 1912 to 1922. After completing his studies, he joined Pirelli, where he became manager, a position he would leave for the Italian national team.[6] - Until the 1912 Summer Olympics, the Italy national team was guided by ""technical commissions"", when Pozzo was appointed as the first head coach of the national team during the debut for an Italian selection in an official competition.[6] Italy was eliminated in the first round after a 3–2 loss to Finland in extra time, on 29 June. Pozzo resigned after his third match, being defeated 5–1 by Austria in the consolation tournament, on 3 July.[10] He returned to work at Pirelli;[6] only to return to the national team in 1921 as part of a ""technical commission"", a committee composed of federal managers, referees, players, former players, coaches and journalists.[8][11] - Throughout his first term, the national team was guided by this diverse group of people. With the brief exception of Augusto Rangone (in 1925–1928) and Carlo Carcano (1928–1929), Pozzo was the only person to play the role of sole commissioner until the sixties. Pozzo would also serve with the Alpini as lieutenant during the First World War.[6] - In 1921, Pozzo was commissioned by the Football Association to study a draft reform of the league to address the tensions between the bigger and the smaller teams, because it was thought that the number of participants in the championship had to be reduced. The mediation failed resulting in the split between the FIGC and CCI, before merging again the following year.[12] - In 1924, for the occasion of the 1924 Summer Olympics, Pozzo was again appointed sole head coach. This time Italy were able to reach the quarter-finals, where they were defeated 2–1 by Switzerland. After this defeat, Pozzo resigned and returned to devote himself to his work and his wife, who shortly after died due to a disease. After the death of his wife, he moved to Milan, where he held his job at Pirelli, alongside his work as a journalist for La Stampa in Turin, which he continued almost until his death.[6] - Pozzo returned to coach the Italy national team on a permanent basis in December 1929.[13] Italy won the 1930 edition of the Central European International Cup, defeating Hungary 5–0 in Budapest.[14] They pipped the title from Meisl's Austrian side, the so-called Wunderteam, who went on to win the second edition of the tournament two years later. - Following the 1930 defeat to Spain, Pozzo left Adolfo Baloncieri, who had served as Italy captain and who had been an international of ten years standing, out the team.[15] In the 1932 edition of the Central European International Cup, Italy finished in second place behind Austria; Austria beat Italy, as did the Czechs, while a defeat to Hungary was only averted because of a missed penalty.[16] This led to Pozzo bringing back the Bologna player Angelo Schiavio, who had been a regular goalscorer for his club, but in February 1934 with the World Cup looming Austria defeated Italy in Turin 4–2, Pozzo once again axed the team's captain, Umberto Caligaris, on this occasion. - During the 1934 FIFA World Cup on home soil, the first tournament on the European continent, Pozzo's Italian side benefited from controversial officiating, which was thought to have been influenced by the political situation in Italy at the time; indeed, the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini had apparently met with several officials prior to Italy's matches, including Ivan Eklind, who refereed Italy's semi-final and final victories. Eklind was later accused of favouring the Italians with his decisions.[17][18] Italy's game against Spain in the quarter-finals, which ended in a 1–1 draw after extra-time, also raised questions against the performance of the referee Louis Baert in the match; in the replay, Swiss referee Rene Mercet did not escape criticism either, and was banned by the Swiss FA upon his arrival home. Both matches were played in a highly aggressive manner, with several players of both sides injured as a result of the extremely physical play: a foul on goalkeeper Ricardo Zamora for the equaliser in the first leg went unpunished, which ruled him out of the replay, while another on his replacement Joan Josep Nogués in the replay was also ignored; at least three Spaniards had to depart the field with injuries. The Italian Mario Pizziolo also suffered a broken leg at the hand of the Spaniards in the first leg, and would not play for the Italian national team again.[19] Italy's 1–0 victory in the replay ultimately earned them a place in the semi-finals.[20] Italy also benefited from the quarter-final draw between Hungary and Austria, which saw Austria prevail 2–1 in a highly competitive encounter.[21] By the time of the semi-final, Johann Horvath was absent through injury,[22] and Italy won the match over Austria by a single goal. Enrique Guaita, one of the squad's Oriundi, scored the only goal of the match from close range after Giuseppe Meazza had fallen over goalkeeper Peter Platzer.[21] In the final on 10 June, at the Stadio Nazionale PNF in Rome, with temperatures surpassing 40 °C (104 °F), Italy came from behind to defeat Czechoslovakia 2–1 in extra-time to win the title.[17][23] On the back of the World Cup success, Pozzo was awarded the title of Commendatore for achieving greatness in his profession.[4] - Pozzo also coached Italy in the Battle of Highbury on 14 November 1934 against England, led by Arsenal's Wilf Copping at the team's home ground, which ended 3–2 in favour of England.[24][25] - Italy defended their Central European International Cup title in 1935 under Pozzo,[26] going into the 1936 Summer Olympics on the back of a run which had seen them lose only to Austria and England; they went on to win the gold medal in the tournament, defeating Austria 2–1 in extra time.[27][28] - By the time of the 1938 World Cup in France, Italy remained undefeated in recent competitions under Pozzo. Silvio Piola earned his first cap in 1935, scoring regularly for the national side and proving an effective partner for Meazza. In the quarter-finals against the hosts in Colombes, as both teams normally played in blue, Italy were controversially ordered to play in all-black attire (possibly by Mussolini himself), a colour which is associated with fascism, along with bearing a Fascio Littorio on the left breast, alongside the Savoy shield. Despite a hostile reception from the home crowd, Italy managed to win the match 3–1 and advance to the next round.[29] Following the match, Pozzo learned that the Brazilians were so confident of appearing in the final in Paris that they had requisitioned the only airplane from Marseille to Paris on the day after the semi-final against Pozzo's Italy. Pozzo went to the Brazilians that sunbathed in the Côte d'Azur and asked them to surrender him the aerial bookings in case of an Italian victory. The Brazilians apparently arrogantly answered ""it is not possible because we will go to Paris, because we will beat you in Marseille"".[30][31] They then reportedly offered Pozzo the ironic hospitality of a plane ride to Paris to see them play in the final. Pozzo reported to the Italian side what the Brazilians had told him to rouse the pride of the players. It was the psychological premise for revenge in the match, which Italy went on to win 2–1. Afterwards, the Brazilians did not want to sell their plane tickets to the Italians, who were then forced to reach Paris by train. In the resulting final, Italy duly won their second world title 4–2 against Hungary.[32] There is a common legend that the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini sent a telegram to the Italian team prior to the final, stating: ""Win or die!""; however, Pietro Rava later denied this, commenting: ""No, no, no, that's not true. He sent a telegram wishing us well, but no never 'win or die'.""[29] With the 1938 World Cup victory, Pozzo became the first ever manager to win two editions of the FIFA World Cup coaching one same team, a feat that would stand until 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup when Jill Ellis became the second to do so as coach of the United States.[33] - Between 1938 and 1939, Pozzo held the record for most consecutive wins for Italy, with nine, until the record was eventually broken in 2019 by Roberto Mancini.[34][35] From 24 November 1935 against Hungary until 20 July 1939 against Finland, Pozzo also led Italy on a record 30-match unbeaten streak, until it was surpassed in 2021.[36][37] - During World War II, Pozzo remained in position throughout the hostilities. At the 1948 Summer Olympics, Pozzo's last match as Italy head coach came as a 5–3 defeat to Denmark in the quarter-finals at Highbury Stadium in London. Pozzo finished with a record 63 wins, 17 draws and 16 defeats from 95 matches (an additional two wins are recorded as part of a technical commission in 1921).[5][38] He holds the record for the longest reign of any European men's senior national team coach.[39] - His last, excruciating, official act, in 1949, was helping with the recognition of the torn bodies of the players of the Grande Torino team, his friends and pupils, who died on 4 May in the Superga air disaster from which he escaped himself for not being able to go with the team to Lisbon.[6][40][41][42][43] - Until the 1930s, a common tactic in football was the so-called pyramid of Cambridge, which is a 2–3–5 in the shape of inverted pyramid that had its apex in the Keeper. The design of this scheme is given to the team of the famous British university, and its launch is due to Blackburn Rovers, who applied it for the first time in the 1890s, and winning five league cups. For over 30 years this form experienced uninterrupted luck in the British Isles and, by extension, the world. In the years after World War I, by evolution, from the pyramid, two tactical systems originated simultaneously: the WM, or 'sistema', practiced by the Arsenal side of Herbert Chapman, and the 'metodo', whose fathers are commonly identified as Vittorio Pozzo and his friend and rival Hugo Meisl, who served as the manager of the Austria national football team for 25 years.[6][44] - Pozzo and Meisl developed the idea of an array with two defenders as full-backs and a player in a central position in front of the defence, between the two half-backs, who effectively functioned as a central or defensive midfielder, who was a key component of the system; this position was known as that of the centre-half-back, or centromediano metodista in Italian, and was seen as a precursor to the regista or deep-lying playmaker role, as the metodista's responsibilities in Pozzo's system were not entirely defensive but also creative. As such, the metodista was not solely tasked with breaking down possession, but also with starting attacking plays after winning back the ball.[45] Compared to the sistema, the forward displacement of the central defender gave more support to the half-backs. Finally, the retreat towards the median of the two 'inside forwards' of the pyramid (also called ""mezzali,"" or ""half-wings,"" in Italian – not to be confused with wing half-backs) gave rise to a formation of the type 2–3–2–3, or ""WW"", because it repeated the form of these letters on the field.[46][47][48][49] The metodo system was well–suited to highly technical teams whose strategies were predominantly based on a slower game made up of possession and much short passing on the ground, in contrast to the English sistema, which favoured faster, more aggressive, and athletic gameplay.[50] - Pozzo was also known to be a pioneer in his use of pre-tournament training camps.[51] He is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time.[2] - The other matter that Pozzo benefited from were the oriundi (that is foreign-born Italian 'nationals') which permitted Italy to take advantage of those players from other countries who could claim some type of Italian ancestry. In the 1930s he was able to call on Luis Monti, a midfielder who had appeared for Argentina in their 1930 FIFA World Cup Final defeat to Uruguay, and who was an important part of the success of the Italian team in the 1934 World Cup.[52] - In response to the criticisms surrounding his decision to call upon oriundi players in the victorious World Cup of 1934, he said: ""If they can die for Italy, they can also play for Italy"", referring to the fact that they had also served in the Italian army.[6][53][54] - He was also a fan of Raimundo Orsi, an Argentinian from Buenos Aires after an undistinguished stint in the Argentinian shirt. Orsi, never a prolific goalscorer, would reward Pozzo's faith with a goal in the 1934 World Cup final.[13] Not that he dispensed with home-grown talent, but his penchant for attacking play is demonstrated by the fact that as well as Schiavio, Pozzo was successful in converting Giuseppe Meazza, who was captain in 1938, from a striker into an inside forward; indeed Pozzo's reign is linked closely to the success of his strikers. In the 1938 World Cup another 'oriundo' was the Uruguayan Michele Andreolo.[52] - Brian Glanville has stated that Pozzo was not a fascist;[55] he did, however, work alongside Giorgio Vaccaro during the 1934 World Cup campaign – a general from the fascist militia, who was also the head of the Italian Football Federation at the time.[29][56] According to Gian Paolo Ormezzano, Pozzo was neither a fascist nor antifascist, while Giorgio Bocca considered him to be an officer of the Alpini and a reluctant fascist of the regime by association, ""...one who appreciated punctual trains, but could not stand squadrismi, who paid homage to the monument dedicated to the Alpini, but not to the fascists' memorials.""[48] Following the Second World War, however, Pozzo was excluded from Italian football, due to being accused of co-operating with the fascist government, and of participating in the Italian Social Republic; as such, the new Turin stadium was not dedicated to him. Despite his associations with fascism, however, he was not a member of the National Fascist Party, and documents demonstrated that he collaborated with the National Liberation Committee as of September 1943.[48][57][58] - In the 1938 edition of the FIFA World Cup took place in France, where numerous refugees who had escaped the fascist regime in Italy were strongly against the Italian national team's participation in the tournament.[59] In the first match of the Italian national team, against the Norwegian national team, among the 22,000 spectators there were 3,000 escaped anti-fascist Italians who opposed ""Mussolini's national team,"" and jeered at them in protest. Pozzo replied to the demonstration with a memorable and highly controversial episode. During the presentation of the teams on the field, the Italian players had made the fascist salute, as it was custom for them to do at the time. As a result, they were overwhelmed by the jeers and whistles of protest from the crowd. Pozzo feared that that reception would demoralise the players. When the whistles diminished, after the players had lowered their arms, Pozzo, who was lined up with the team in the centre of the field, ordered them to perform another Roman salute. He later commented on the incident, stating: ""Having won the battle of intimidation, we played.""[29][31][51][57][60] - Pozzo ordered the players to continue with the fascist salute during the national anthem.[29] Afterwards he declared: ""The match was immediately surrounded by polemic–political undertones. And unfairly so. Because our players don't even dream of making something political out of this, but the fascist salute is the official flag of the moment, it's a sort of ceremony and they must show allegiance to it.[61] They represent our country, and naturally they wear its colours and insignias with dignity. [...] I have my ideas, but I know what my duty is. When we take to the field, as expected, a solemn attack of deafening hisses and insults attends us. And we don't lower the hand until the hisses are stopped. The action of intimidation has not succeeded"".[60] - Pozzo became a journalist with La Stampa after retiring from football management,[6] resuming a career he had worked in prior to his successes as coach of Italy. He reported on the 1950 FIFA World Cup as part of his work covering Italian national team matches. - After watching Italy win the 1968 European Football Championship on home soil, the successor to the Central European International Cup title, which he had won twice with the Azzurri, Pozzo died later that year, on 21 December, at the age of 82. He is buried in the cemetery of his family's hometown, Ponderano.[6] In 1986, the Stadio Communale di Torino was renamed after Pozzo in his honour; the stadium is now known as the Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino.[62][63] In 2016, a museum featuring his memorabilia in Ponderano was inaugurated in his honour.[64] -",2023-08-26 17:53:08 -Serhiy Kyrychenko - Wikipedia," - General of Army of Ukraine Serhiy Kyrychenko (born 4 May 1952) was the 9th Chief of the General Staff and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[1] - Serhiy Kyrychenko was born in 1952 in Novoselivka, a small village in the Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine to a working-class family.[1] - In 1973, Serhiy Kyrychenko graduated from Kharkiv Armour Command school. -In 1983 he graduated from command faculty of Malinovsky Military Armored Forces Academy.[1] -In 2000, Serhiy Kyrychenko graduated from the faculty of preparation of the operational-strategic level officers’ of the National Academy of Defence of Ukraine with golden medal.[1] - Serhiy Kyrychenko started his military career in Kyiv Military District as commander of armour platoon.[1] During 1975–1992, he occupied positions of armour company commander, chief of staff of armour battalion, chief of staff of armour regiment, commander of armour regiment and deputy division commander.[1] - In 1992, after the fall of the Soviet Union, he joined the newly established Armed Forces of Ukraine. Until 2002, he served as commander of 128th mechanized division,[2] chief of staff of the Army Corps and commander of the 13th Army Corps.[1][3] - April 2002 Serhiy Kyrychenko was assigned on position of Deputy of the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He was promoted to position of the Chief of the General Staff – the first Deputy of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in January 2003 and remained in that position until July 2004.[1] - On June 6, 2005, by Decree # 961/2005 of the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, he was assigned to be the Chief of the General Staff – Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[1] - Serhiy Kyrychenko earned the following decorations and awards: -",2023-08-26 17:53:12 -Ocean View School District - Wikipedia,"Ocean View School District is an elementary and middle school district located in Orange County, California, encompassing 13.18 miles.[clarification needed] The District offices are located at 17200 Pinehurst Lane, Huntington Beach, CA 92647-5569. The Ocean View School District has a total of 17 preschool, elementary and middle school campuses in Huntington Beach, Fountain Valley, Midway City and Westminster. The Ocean View School District superintendent is Dr. Carol Hansen and the deputy superintendent is Dr. Michael Conroy. - Ocean View School District operates preschools, elementary schools and middle schools. High school students within the District go to the Huntington Beach Union High School District.[2] Within the Ocean View School District are: two national Blue Ribbon Schools, thirteen California Distinguished Schools, six Title I Academic Achieving Schools, three Golden Bell Schools, and one NASA Explorer School. - The Ocean View School District is one of the oldest school districts in Orange County, California. It was formed in 1874, twenty-four years after California became a state and fifteen years before the County of Orange separated from Los Angeles County, becoming a separate governmental entity. The original Ocean View School was constructed in 1886 on the southwest corner of Huntington Beach Boulevard (Beach Boulevard) and Smeltzer Avenue (Edinger Avenue) in what was known as the village of Smeltzer, now part of north Huntington Beach. Students were from the surrounding farm communities of Ocean View, Smeltzer and Wintersburg Village. - The second Ocean View School was constructed in 1911, at Huntington Beach Boulevard (Beach Boulevard) and Wintersburg Road (Warner Avenue). Students moved from the original school to the new location at the beginning of 1912. The Ocean View Grammar School served as the only school in the Ocean View District until 1956. - The Local Control and Accountability Plan (LCAP) was created in a collaborative process to set local priorities for 2014 to 2019. A team of -District stakeholders generated five overriding Focus Areas and their underlying Strategic Initiatives, which include 1) Effective Instruction and Academic Achievement, 2) Effective Leadership and Professional Development, 3) Engaged Community, 4) Safe and Respectful Environment, and 5) Optimized Resources. - Ocean View School District created a digital 2016 Facilities Master Plan website to provide information on the long-term planning for each of the seventeen schools in the District. As of 2015-2016, the total enrollment in the District was 8,725, with a median household income of $79,652. The District's demographic breakdown at the time of the 2016 Facilities Master Plan was: 39.3% White, 38.3% Hispanic or Latino, 14.2% Asian, 4.9% Mixed, 1.3% Filipino, 1.1% Black or African American, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 0.3% American Indian or Alaskan Native, with 0.1% None Reported. - As follow up to the 2016 Facilities Master Plan, Ocean View School District placed a $169-million funding mechanism, Measure R, on the November 8, 2016 ballot. The stated purpose of Measure R is to complete projects that include student safety and campus security systems (security fencing, security cameras, emergency communications systems, smoke detectors, fire alarms, and sprinklers); repair or replace deteriorating roofs, plumbing, heating, ventilation, and electrical systems; provide equipment and technology to support science, reading, music, arts, and math programs; improve access to school facilities for students with disabilities; and ensure playground equipment and play areas meet present-day health and safety standards. - The District was in financial difficulty in early 2015 because of costs incurred with asbestos remediation in district schools. The District's deputy superintendent reported in late 2015 that the finances subsequently recovered as a result of the negotiation of funding measures and that the District would not be required to sell assets. The District receives nearly $2 million per year in total revenue from property it owns and now leases to Lowe's and Wal-Mart. - The Ocean View School District is governed by a five-member Board of Trustees. -",2023-08-26 17:53:16 -St. Boswells railway station - Wikipedia," - St Boswells railway station was a railway station that served the villages of Newtown St Boswells and St Boswells,[1] Scottish Borders, Scotland from 1849 to 1969 on the Waverley Route. Although named after the larger village of St Boswells, the station was situated in Newtown St Boswells, located 1 mile (1.6 km) to the northeast. - The station opened on 1 November 1849 as Newtown Junction by the North British Railway. The station was situated on both sides of the B6398. The name changed to New Town St Boswells in January 1853 and to St Boswells on 1 March 1865. The goods yard was north of the station and had three sidings, one of which passed through a timber goods shed. The yard was later extended to the east with further sidings that served the Southern Central Market. The goods shed closed in November 1959. The station was closed to passengers on 6 January 1969 but remained open for goods traffic until 28 April 1969.[1] - - This article about a railway station in the Scottish Borders council area of Scotland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:53:20 -Burchard Joan Elias - Wikipedia,"Burchard Joan Elias (12 July 1799 – 1 May 1871) was the last Governor-General of the Dutch West Indies, a colony that existed between 1828 and 1845 as a merger of Surinam and Curaçao and Dependencies. After Elias left office, the colony was again split. Before his governorship, Elias served as resident of Cirebon (1830–1838) and as Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Colonies (1838–1842).[1] - Burchard Joan Elias was born in Amsterdam to Gerbrand Elias and Henriëtte Alexandrine Adélaïde von Deneken. In 1823, he married Cornelia Dorothea Adelheid Scholten van Aschat. After her death in 1836, he married her sister Lidie Henriëtte Scholten van Aschat in 1837. - Burchard Joan Elias was the father of Henri Alexander Elias, who served as Governor of the Dutch Gold Coast. -",2023-08-26 17:53:24 -Lakshmipur railway station - Wikipedia,"Lakshmipur railway station is a railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Ukhra, Lakshmipur village, Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.[1] Number of EMU and passengers trains stop at Lakshmipur railway station.[2] - The Hooghly–Katwa Railway constructed a line from Bandel to Katwa in 1913.[3] This line including Lakshmipur railway station was electrified in 1994–96 with 25 kV overhead line.[4] - - - This article about a railway station in the Indian state of West Bengal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:53:28 -Myriam (Myriam album) - Wikipedia,"Myriam is the second studio album by Myriam. On her website it is also called ""Myriam: Lo que Soy, lo que Pretendo y lo que Fui"" (Myriam: What I Am, What I Pretend and What I Was) making reference to the lyrics of the album's first single ""Hasta El Limite"". It includes eleven songs with the collaboration of Tiziano Ferro, Leonel (ex Sin Bandera). Again Myriam co-wrote a song along with Estrella. In this album Myriam brought a more fresh concept, almost 100% pop genre with a little touches of flamenco. It was released in July, 2004. - It was recorded in Argentina and the producer was Cachorro López who had also worked with Julieta Venegas. Myriam's career was at a low point, as she was being criticized for her third place in Desafio de Estrellas, but all that was eclipsed by the success of this album. ""Hasta el Limite"" was the first single from the album; it was Myriam's first song with a promotional video, and stayed in the charts for more than 6 months. The second single was ""Porque Soy Mujer"" which was written by Myriam and her ex-classmate Estrella. - The album was a commercial success. Within two weeks of the launch date it reached gold status in Mexico, and sold more than 200,000 copies certificating 2× Platinum. The album was a Latin success in USA selling gold status, 50,000 copies. -",2023-08-26 17:53:32 -Blomia (plant) - Wikipedia," - Blomia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae.[1] - Its native range is Southeastern Mexico to Central America.[1] - Species:[1] -",2023-08-26 17:53:36 -"Hamilton High School (Chandler, Arizona) - Wikipedia","Hamilton High School is a public high school in Chandler, Arizona, United States. It is Arizona's largest high school and the 64th in the nation,[6] with approximately 4,000 students. - Hamilton's campus resides on land originally owned by the Hamilton family. Family patriarch, John Augustus Hamilton, helped found the city of Chandler serving as the sheriff for all of what is now considered southeast Phoenix Metropolitan Area. According to the Chandler Museum and the Chandler Historical Society, Jerry Loper Field marks the location of the Hamilton family's general store. During that time period, locals referred to what is currently the Arizona Avenue/SR 87 and Ocotillo Boulevard intersection as ""Hamilton's Corner"".[7] - As Phoenix and subsequently Chandler area became more populated, Chandler High School was unable to handle the community's increasing educational needs. Voters in 1996 granted Chandler Unified School District (CUSD) a $33 million USD bond to purchase the 359,341 ft2 (3,338.3 m2) property and awarded Stantec the construction contract for the original Hamilton High School campus.[8] The school becoming operational in 1998 with Fred DePrez as principal and 1,600 freshmen through junior level students greatly relieving the pressure on Chandler High School.[9][10] - Hamilton's curriculum is aligned with the standards set by the Arizona Department of Education and implements the state's Education and Career Action Plan (ECAP)[11][12] required for all students grades 9–12 to graduate from a public Arizona with a high school diploma.[13] CUSD high schools also implements an open enrollment policy, meaning students from outside the intended school boundaries may attend without tuition or other penalties.[14] - Arizona requires that all high school students take 6 credit bearing courses during their freshmen through junior years, and provides the option for students on track for graduation the ability to reduce their course lad to 4 credit bearing courses. However, CUSD requires all students must complete 22 credits whereas the public university system controlled by the Arizona Board of Regents requires only 16 credits in the following areas:[15] - At Hamilton and all CUSD high school students may swap three semesters (1⁄2 credits per semester) of Spiritline, Beginning through Advance Dance, Drill Team, Color Guard, Marching Band, Winter guard, or AFJROTC essentially waiving the required one Physical Education credit required for graduation.[15] - Students which choose applied sciences in areas such as Applied Biology or Applied Agricultural Sciences gain equivalent Science credits. Likewise, Economics credits can be awarded like Agricultural Business Management, Business, Business Applications, Marketing, Economics Applications, Family and Consumer Sciences, and vocational courses.[15] - Community college credits can be awarded through a partnership with Chandler-Gilbert Community College (CGCC) and cooperative credits for vocational courses are provided by East Valley Institute of Technology (EVIT). Students must be dually enrolled for the Arizona community college or the Arizona public university system to accept the credits towards a degree. CUSD Transportation Department provides routes between Hamilton, EVIT, and CGCC with after school hours transportation intended for students participating in activities.[15] - Separate from EVIT and CGCC, the University of Arizona implemented a pilot program to get university credits for students pursuing introductory engineering courses starting in 2014.[16] - The Arizona Education Foundation awarded its A+ School of Excellence award to Hamilton in 2005, 2009, and 2013.[17] In 2014 it was the 15th highest scoring school on Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) tests and the top non-magnet school participating in the annual public school examination.[9] The Presidential Excellence Award in Mathematics and Science was presented to Deborah Nipar in 2019 for her work as an AP Chemistry and Honors Science Research instructor, one of five recipients from Arizona.[18] - Students have achieved many honors including: National Merit Honors, Western Governors Association's annual Spirit Award,[19] honorable mentions for the Governor's Celebration of Innovation Award,[20] and ASU Gammage High School Musical Theatre Awards.[21] - US News reports in 2019 a 95% graduation rate, 51% reading proficiency, 51% mathematics proficiency, 35% passed an AP examination, and 44% attempting an AP examination with an overall rating is 90.78/100.[22] According to the report Hamilton ranked 15th in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, 23rd in the state of Arizona, and 1,590th nationally. Starting in 2019's Arizona Measurement for Educational Readiness to Inform Teachers (AzMERIT), which replaced the Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) testing, indicating students were 88.6% prepared. - The same report says 22% are free lunch program participants, 3% are reduce-price lunch program, and 25% meet the qualifications of being economically disadvantaged.[22] - Hamilton hosted the Breaking Barriers for Excellence Equity Symposium 2019 for improving student teacher relationships.[23] - The non-denominational Phoenix Church of Christ holds events on Wednesday nights and Sunday in the auditorium.[24] - Hamilton is an Arizona Interscholastic Association (AIA) member school offering boys and girls sports complying with Title IX. Student athletes can participate in varsity, junior varsity, and freshmen only teams as well as individual sports under the AIA's 6A Conference.[25] Hamilton Athletics consist of these sports: - † denotes individual and team sports - Since Hamilton started play, the team has amassed 7 Arizona State Championships in its first 20 years placing the school third behind St. David (12) and Scottsdale Chaparral (10) since 1985.[28][29] In 2020, the team climbed from a preseason ranking of #4 to #1 in the nation by MaxPreps' Xcellent 25 poll with an 8–0 record prior to the closing of all public schools and sports programs indefinitely because of the COVID-19 Pandemic.[30] The program has produced many collegiate and professional players, most notably the MLB's 2019 National League Most Valuable Player Cody Bellinger. - Title† - The varsity girls basketball team has won Arizona's 6A State Championships in the 2015–16 and 2018–19 seasons. - Starting in the 2022–23 season, the AIA officially introduced girls flag football for member schools to complete. Hamilton Athletics was amongst the first schools to adopt the newly approved sport.[32] - Football is the largest athletic program at Hamilton consisting of hundreds of students, 35 paid coaching, additional volunteer coaches. A 501(c)(3) non-profit organization was establish called the Hamilton Gridiron Club which funds the program. Between the Hamilton Gridiron Club and ticket sales, Hamilton football is a financially self sustaining program. - Title† - John Wrenn was the first employee hired from Homewood-Flossmoor High School in Flossmoor, Illinois and began building a staff consisting of local coaches and professional players for the program.[35] Hamilton began competing in 1998 in the 5A conference as a freelance team and despite their 7–2 record, they were not able to compete in the state championship playoffs. The following year, the AIA placed Hamilton into the Fiesta Region the following year where the team earned most of their region titles. The program gain more attention when Terrell Suggs, a future Arizona State University and NFL player, transferred from Chandler High School setting school and state records at the running back and defensive end positions. Local media acknowledged his success by anointing him as the best football player produced exclusively from Arizona[36] and among the first inshrined in the Chandler Sports Hall of Fame.[37] - Hamilton's dominance for the next 15 years would start in 2001 with their first appearance in the 5A State Championship game losing to Red Mountain 13–10. The first State Championship would come in 2003 going on to win 7 Big School State Championships, appear in an additional 8, and clinching 11 region titles.[38] During this time period, Hamilton football has been ranked nationally several times peeking at #4 nationally by USA Today's Super25 poll when the state record 53-game win streak was broken in November 2011 by Desert Vista High School.[33] - The team has also traveled nationally and internationally playing some of the best teams. Starting in September 2006, Hamilton traveled to Massillon, OH to play Washington High School for the McDonald's Kirk Herbstreit Football Challenge losing 35–26.[39] The 2008 team traveled to Miami, FL playing Booker T. Washington High School, a 37–19 win.[40] Hamilton would then host Las Vegas's #11 Bishop Gorman High School at Northern Arizona University's Walkup Skydome in 2014 for a 24–17 win.[41] Hamilton's first on campus hosting an out of state team was the 2009 matchup with Santa Fe High School from Santa Fe Springs, CA with a dominate 52–0 shutout performance. - The 2012 season featured an invitation from the Global Ireland Football Tournament setup by University of Notre Dame and the US Navy Academy.[42] The tournament placed Hamilton against perennial powerhouse Notre Dame High School traveled from Sherman Oaks, CA defeating Hamilton 27–15 at Parnell Park, in Dublin.[42][43] The following season had Eastlake High School from Chula Vista, CA was hosted in San Diego with the Huskies winning 28–17. Hamilton returned to out of state play in 2018 traveling to Las Vegas's Arbor View High School winning 23–17.[44] Arbor View High School would visited Hamilton the next year losing 41–7.[45] - During the first 20 years of the varsity football playing against non-Arizona team, Hamilton has amassed a 5–5 record overall. - In 2017 an investigation into alleged hazing by members of the Hamilton football team became public. The investigation alleges several incidences starting in September 2015 that included sexual assault, assault, aggravated assault, molestation, kidnapping, and child abuse.[46] Ultimately three students were charged, two as minors and one as an adult.[47] CUSD officials reassigned the varsity football coach Steve Belles, the athletic director, and the principal to the district offices indefinitely in September 2017.[48][49] Investigators recommended child abuse and failure to report child abuse[50] charges as the case became convoluted with video and audio evidence of witness tampering and victim intimidation.[51] Maricopa County Attorney General Bill Montgomery later announce his office would not be seeking charges against the three administrators however none returned to Hamilton.[52] Families of five alleged victims filed civil lawsuits against Chandler Unified School District and the Hamilton administrators settling in 2019 for an undisclosed amount.[53] The 2018, CUSD relieved interim head coach Dick Baniszewski by hiring of Mike Zbedski varsity head coach marking the end of Belles' tenurd. Belles left CUSD at the end of the school year for Juan Diego Catholic High School in Draper, Utah as a position coach.[54] After 3 years of criminal proceedings, the sole student charged as an adult accepted a plea deal in February 2020 for a single misdemeanor charge of aggravated assault where the sentence was credited as time served.[55] - The boys team has won the 2011 and 2019 National Championship at the Antigua National High School Golf Invitational.[56] They have also won 5 consecutive championships for a total of 7 championships in AIA's Boys Team Golf State Championships.[57][58] - The girls team won the AIA's Girls Team Golf State Championship in 2010 [60] - The Boys Team have won the AIA's State Championship during 2012[64] and 2016.[65] - Hamilton's only AIA State Championship occurred during the 2011 season.[citation needed] - The varsity softball team has won back-to-back state titles in 2016 and 2017.[66] - In Arizona, the AIA schedules the Boys Team to play during the fall semester while the Girls Team play during the spring. - The Arizona Interscholastic Associations (AIA) allow member schools to participate in sports or other competitive events that are not regulated by the AIA. These other competitions can have their own governing body and any infractions do not carry over into AIA regulated sports. Hamilton has never been sanctioned by any non-AIA governing body. - The Academic Decathlon has accumulated numerous team and individual awards including Region IV Arizona State Championship and region titles during the 2018–19[67] and 2019–20 seasons.[68] The team would an Arizona State Championship Runners Up trophy during the 2017–18 season.[67] During the 2018–19 season, they would compete against 73 schools from the United States, China, and the United Kingdom placing 4th overall and 3rd in the Academic Decathlon's Super Quiz competition.[69] - Hamilton High School Robotics Team, known as the ""Microbots"" and registered as ""Team 698"", has built award-winning robots for the FIRST Robotics Competition.[70] In its inaugural year of 2001, the team won a Regional Award at the Southern California Competitions. The Arizona Regionals selected the team for Judges' Award in 2003 with the Industrial Safety Award and the Entrepreneurship Award in 2014. The 2017 Arizona West Regional would award a FIRST Dean's List Finalist Award. Several technology companies within the city of Chandler sponsor and mentor the students during all phases of the competitions.[71] - A high-profile rivalry developed between Chandler High School and Hamilton High School which are separated by 4 miles (6.4 km) along Arizona Avenue/SR 87. Local media has since daubed this high-profile competition as the ""Battle of Arizona Avenue"".[72] The annual varsity football matchup gains the most attention where the highly rated players are often recruited by college football coaches from across the nation.[73] Spectator turnout can exceeded 10,000[74] with NFL players like Anquan Boldin, Larry Fitzgerald, Matt Leinart, Hamilton alumni Terrell Suggs also in attendance.[75] As a consistent Top 25 rivalry, the High School Bowl Series[76] Series has been instrumental in broadcast the game nationally by ESPN, ESPNU,[77][76] and the NFHS Network. Every year the game would alternate form Chandler's Austin Field to Hamilton's Jerry Looper Stadium. Hamilton began matchup with a 17-game win streak of until the 2013 regular season matchup gave Chandler their first win 26–16. Chandler would later fall in a 2013 5A Division I State Semifinal matchup to Hamilton 21–17 at the AIA's approved neutral field at Highland High School. Since 2014 Chandler has won 6 consecutive games. As of 2020, Hamilton leads the series 18–8 with a potential rematch during the 2020 Open Bracket, which contains 8 of the highest ranked teams. Together, the two school account for 12 Big School State Championships in football. Together, the two school account for 12 Big School State Championships in football and 9 runners up honors.[78] - The annual game during the regular season alternates form Chandler's Austin Field to Hamilton's Jerry Looper Stadium. Hamilton began matchup with a 17-game win streak until the 2013 regular season matchup gave Chandler their first win 26–16.[78][74] Chandler would later fall in a 2013 5A Division I State Semifinal matchup to Hamilton 21–17 at Highland High School the neutral field approved by the Arizona Interscholastic Association.[74] Since 2014 Chandler has won 6 consecutive games. As of 2020, Hamilton leads the series 18–9 with a number of rematches during the big school playoffs. As the rivalry developed beyond football, both school's athletic teams and other activities have become very competitive. Chandler city officials and other organizations have help facilitate and advance the rivalry. The most notable addition was the Chandler Rotary Club providing the trophy where brass plate are inscribed with the victors name and date with a custom street sign labeled ""Arizona Ave Champions"" affixed on top.[79][80] A luncheon is also hosted by the Rotary Club with school staff, administrators, and inductees to the Chandler Sports Hall of Fame.[74][81] - Since the rivalry garners so much attention, security is a constant concern within the stadiums and surrounding areas. CUSD enlists all School Resource Officers as well as privately contracted security throughout the entire school district along with extra resources from city, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. Additional officers, including SWAT teams and K-9 units, are integrated throughout the city. Digital surveillance like social media monitoring to temporary surveillance cameras are also used.[74] - Hamilton was constructed by Stantec on a $33 million USD bond issued to CUSD on a 359,341 ft2 (3,338.3 m2) property on the northwest corner of Arizona Avenue/SR 87 and Ocotillo Boulevard.[8] The main building is two stories tall with an administrative wing (A-wing) on the bottom floor next to the main entrance. Students have the option of eating indoors or in a shaded patio. Food services are located along the south end of the indoor eating area with supporting facilities directly behind them (B-wing) offering students 6 styles of food.[82] - The traditional classrooms are found in three 2-story wings (C-wing, D-wing, and E-wing) in a square formation with classrooms on both sides of the hallways and one independent staircase located in a rear corner per wing. The main corridor has two staircases and an elevator for disabled or injured students. - Within D-wing's ground floor has a child care service called Lil' Express Learning Center Archived 2019-08-25 at the Wayback Machine open to faculty and students implementing the Arizona Department of Educations Early Childhood Education program.[83] The Learning Center also has a walled off and covered playground on the north end of the campus. Also on the ground floor is the special education classrooms for developmentally challenged students with licensed speech, occupational, and physical therapists adhering to Title I.[23] - All of the performing arts like concert band, orchestra, gymnastics, dance, and art are located on the southeast portion of the main building (H-wing) surrounding the 600-seat auditorium. Locker rooms and a small wight lifting room surround the gym (G-Wing). In the northern parking lot and near the N Wing are mobile classrooms (M-Wing) with 2 classrooms per building due to the large student population. - CUSD was granted a $192 million USD bond in November 2015 for district wide construction and updates. Hamilton was allocated $4.5 million for a two-story building (N-wing) with 20 classroom and additional administration offices 27,530 ft2 (2,557.6 m2) located on what was the original outdoor concrete basketball courts.[84][85] - The largest sports facility on the Hamilton property is Jerry Loper Field which host all football, soccer, track and field, and other events. The field's namesake is for the late Chandler High School football coach Jerry Loper who was killed by an impaired driver in 1996.[86] Stands are available on the east and west side of the field with an initial capacity of 6,000 fans, however CUSD has installed temporary stands for high-profile events like the ""Battle of Arizona Ave"".[72] Within Jerry Loper Field are two field houses, the first was built during the construction of the school and the second is a $2.3 million USD 9,585 ft2 (890.5 m2) weightlifting facility for student athletics completed 2019.[85] Concession stands, restrooms, and ticket facilities are also within the gates. - Dale Hancock Gymnasium inside the school is capable of seating 3,000 fans with collapsible stands on either side of the main basketball court which is sunk a few feet lower. The namesake is for the late CUSD Board of Education member Dale Hancock in 2011.[87] The gymnasium houses several events including basketball, volleyball, badminton, pep-rallies, the Hamilton Invitational Science and Engineering Fair (HISEF), and other events.[88] - The original campus layout included Hamilton Bus Yard, run by CUSD's Transportation Department. In 2005, it was closed and replaced with new asphalt providing a practice area for the Hamilton Marching Band during the fall season and serves as an auxiliary parking for large events. The remaining original sports facilities are 4 baseball diamonds, 3 softball diamonds, 2 practice football fields, 10 tennis courts, and batting cages with auxiliary facilities like bathrooms and ticket sales buildings. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in CUSD closing ticket sales buildings district wide therefore all tickets are sold digitally using QR code contracted online vendor. - Along the northeast corner of the campus is a branch of the Chandler Public Library operated and funded by the City of Chandler. There are doors that allow people direct access to the library from inside the school, however doors with automatic locking prevent people Fromm accessing the school through the library.[89] - There are no classes or dedicated quiet spaces but do offer computers, faxing, printing, scanning and Wi-Fi access free of charge. Meeting room exist however must be purchased in advance.[90] - The Hamilton Aquatic Center is an open air multipurpose community pool opened to the public during the spring and summer months. It does serve as the home of Hamilton's Swim and Dive team featuring a regulation lap pool and moveable stands for fans.[91] - During a November 2005 football practice wide receiver Joe Jackson was involved in a helmet-to-helmet hit rendering him paralyzed from the waist down.[92] As a result, the Hamillton athletic community started a fund to pay for the immediate medical bills. A 501(c)(3) non-profit organization was establish non October 26, 2006 called the Joe Jackson Foundation (JJF) which provides children with athletics, recreational, medical, and academic opportunities suffering from Spinal Cord Injuries.[93] Hamilton's football Gridiron Club remain a supporter of JJF by participating in fundraisers and other capacities. -",2023-08-26 17:53:41 -Ahmet Ağaoğlu - Wikipedia,"Ahmet Ağaoğlu, also known as Ahmet Bey Ağaoğlu (Azerbaijani: Əhməd bəy Ağaoğlu; December 1869 – 19 May 1939), was a prominent Azerbaijani and naturalized Turkish politician, publicist and journalist. He was one of the founders of Pan-Turkism[1] and liberal Kemalism.[2][3] - Ağaoğlu was born in December 1869 to a Shia Muslim family in the town of Shusha in the Elisabethpol Governorate, Russian Empire.[4][5] His father, Mirza Hassan, was a cotton farm owner of the Qurteli tribe, and his mother, Taze Khanum, was of the seminomadic Sariji Ali tribe.[6] Agaoglu assumed his fathers family migrated form Erzurum to the Karabakh region in the 18th century.[7] The head of the a larger household of about 40 people was the older brother of his father, a religious man.[7] His primary education included the reading the tales of Leyla and Mecnun, Bustan and Gülistan and Persian and Arabic literature.[8] In 1888, he arrived in Paris, where he studied until 1894 and came under the influence of French Orientalists like Ernest Renan and James Darmesteter on Persianocentricism. Ağaoğlu was enrolled at the École pratique des hautes études and studied the history, language and religion of ancient Iran under the supervision of James Darmesteter. He collaborated with Darmesteter on the French translation of the Letter of Tansar and presented the paper ""Les Croyances Mazdéennes dans la religion Chiîte"" at the ninth International congress of Orientalists (London, 5–12 September 1892).[9] He had the opportunity to work with some of the France's best-known periodicals e.g. writing a series of essays, entitled ""The Persian Society"" (La Société persane), in La Nouvelle Revue between 1891–1893. Ağaoğlu, who introduced himself as a Persian in the essays, defended the Iranian historical presence and importance in the Islamic world and blamed the Turkic peoples for the decline of the Islamic civilization.[10] In 1896 he returned to Shusha, where he was a teacher of the French language at the local school, a post he held for one year. After his departure to Baku the next year, he also taught French and wrote books on various subjects and also for a variety of magazines.[11] He also began embracing his Turkish identity. He spoke fluently a lot of languages (Azerbaijani, Persian, Russian, French and the Ottoman Turkish). From June 1905, together with Ali bey Huseynzadeh, he was the editor of the newspaper Həyat, which played an important role in the formation of nationalist thought in Azerbaijan. From December 19, 1905 he published the newspaper İrşad, and in 1907, at the same time, the newspaper Progress (Russian: Прогрессъ) in Russian. He started publishing the newspaper Tərəqqi in June 1908 and was its publisher until he left for Turkey (1909).[12] - In 1905, Ağaoğlu played an important role in the prevention of ethnic clashes between Armenians and Azeris. He was also elected as Duma representative for the Muslims of Trancaucasia. Along with Nasib bey Yusifbeyli, Ağaoğlu became a founder of the Difai (Defender) National Committee in Ganja, which in 1917 merged with the Turkic Party of Federalists and Musavat into a single party. Fleeing police persecution and possible imprisonment, in late 1908, Ağaoğlu moved to Constantinople during the Young Turk Revolution.[13] He joined the Iranian nationalist association (Anjoman-e Sa‘ādat) in Istanbul and collaborated with its press organ, Sorush, in 1909. Ağaoğlu wrote his essays in this Persian periodical from the standpoint of Iranian patriotism and criticized hardly the pro-Russian Shah of Persia, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, and the Russian military intervention in Iran. He became an Ottoman citizen in 1910 and was appointed as a school inspector and then as an instructor at Istanbul University (Darülfünun).[14] In 1912 he joined the Central Committee of the Committee for Union and Progress and was elected to the Ottoman Parliament as an MP for Karahisar.[15] In the same years, along with other émigrés from the Russian Empire, like the pan-Turkist writers Yusuf Akçura and Ali bey Huseynzade, Ağaoğlu became a key figure in the Turkish movement led by Akçura's journal Türk Yurdu (""Turkish Homeland"")[16] and became president of the Türk Ocağı (""Turkish Hearth"") movement. Ağaoğlu was also among the contributors to İslam Mecmuası between 1914 and 1918 which was financed by the Committee for Union and Progress.[17] - Upon the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ARD) in May 1918, Ağaoğlu returned to Azerbaijan. He became an Azerbaijani citizen, was elected to Parliament (Milli Mejlis) and was chosen to represent the ADR at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. However, he was imprisoned by the British on Malta while on his way to the conference. He was set free only in 1921.[18][19] - After his liberation he moved to Ankara and continued his journalistic and political activities there, as editor-in-chief of the official newspaper Hâkimiyet-i Milliye (""National Sovereignty"") and as a close adviser of Atatürk. He was so successful in his work that on the 29 October 1921, he got appointed General Director of Press and Information by Atatürk. From December on he was back in Ankara taking up his work which included the management of the Anadolu Ajansı.[20] Speaking in support of Westernization and secularization of Turkish society, he wrote in 1928: - If the West is superior in the material then it is due to its totality - its virtues and its vices. The Eastern system is permeated by religion at all levels and this brought decline, while secularization of the West brought superiority. If we want to survive we have to secularize our view of religion, morality, social relations, and law. This is possible only by accepting openly and unconditionally the mind as well as the behavior of the civilization which we are bound to imitate.[21] In 1923 he was elected MP and later was involved in the Constitutional Committee.[22] In 1930 he founded the Free Republican Party, but as it became successful it was closed down in the same year, bringing an end to his political career.[23] In 1933 he published the newspaper Akın. Due to the critical views towards Inönüs Government published in Akin, it was closed in fall 1933.[24] - Ağaoğlu died in Istanbul in 1939.[25] He was laid to rest at the Feriköy Cemetery in Istanbul. He was married to Sitare Hanım, and had five children.[11] His son, Samet Ağaoğlu became an important figure in Democrat Party's administration. Samet's wife Neriman also became a politician and elected to the parliament from Justice Party. His other children include, Süreyya Ağaoğlu who became the first female lawyer in Turkey and Tezer Taşkıran, a Turkish writer and politician. - Liberal Kemalism is the combination of Kemalism, the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey, and liberalism, which is based on freedom. - Liberal Kemalism emerged as a result of the liberal interpretation of Kemalist thought by Ahmet Ağaoğlu in the early years of the republic in Turkey. Ağaoğlu, on the one hand, defined himself as a ""Reformist and Kemalist"", on the other hand he tried to develop an idea of ""Liberal Kemalism"". - Ağaoğlu considered cultural and educational progress to be the major part for national liberation and viewed the emancipation of women as part of the struggle. Ağaoğlu was the first member of the Azeri national intelligentsia to raise his voice for the equal rights for women. - In his book Woman in the Islamic World, published in 1901, he claimed that ""without women liberated, there can be no national progress"". - Üç Medeniyet (Three civilizations) - Islamlıkta Kadın (Woman in the Islamic World)[26] - İran ve İnkılabı (The Iranian Revolution)[25] - 1550 ile 1900 arasında İran (Iran between 1550 and 1900) -",2023-08-26 17:53:45 -"Uğurtepe, Şahinbey - Wikipedia","Uğurtepe, historically Tell Ibrahim, is a village in the Şahinbey District, Gaziantep Province, Turkey.[1] The village had a population of 136 in 2022.[2] - In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 6 houses inhabited by Turks.[3] - - - This article about a Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey location is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:53:48 -Reduced properties - Wikipedia,"In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables scaled by the fluid's state properties at its critical point. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states.[1] - Reduced properties are also used to define the Peng–Robinson equation of state, a model designed to provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point.[2] They are also used to critical exponents, which describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions.[3] - The reduced pressure is defined as its actual pressure - - - -p - - -{\displaystyle p} - - divided by its critical pressure - - - - -p - - -c - - - - - -{\displaystyle p_{\rm {c}}} - -:[1] - The reduced temperature of a fluid is its actual temperature, divided by its critical temperature:[1] - where the actual temperature and critical temperature are expressed in absolute temperature scales (either Kelvin or Rankine). Both the reduced temperature and the reduced pressure are often used in thermodynamical formulas like the Peng–Robinson equation of state. - The reduced specific volume (or ""pseudo-reduced specific volume"") of a fluid is computed from the ideal gas law at the substance's critical pressure and temperature:[1] - This property is useful when the specific volume and either temperature or pressure are known, in which case the missing third property can be computed directly. -",2023-08-26 17:53:52 -International Women's Strike - Wikipedia," - The International Women's Strike, also known as Paro Internacional de Mujeres, is a global movement coordinated across over 50 countries on International Women's Day, that started in 2017 and 2018.[1] The United Nations announced the theme of ""Women in the Changing World of Work: Planet 50-50 by 2030"", calling for gender equality around the globe.[2] In the United States, the strike was branded as ""Day Without a Woman"".[3] - On 3 October 2016, women in Poland organized a nationwide strike following a Polish parliamentary decision to consider a ban on abortion that would criminalize all terminations.[4] The day became known as Black Monday.[5] - 19 October 2016, saw the #NiUnaMenos protest against femicide in Argentina, a large-scale response to the murder of 16-year-old Lucía Pérez.[6] Similar demonstrations took place in other Latin American countries including Mexico, El Salvador, Chile, and others.[7] A week later, on 25 October 2017, Brazil held its own #NiUnaMenos strike.[8] - Women's groups in Poland, including the All-Poland Women's Strike, who had organised the Black Protests against proposed legislation that would have tightened Polish abortion law in 2016, together with the Argentinian women's rights activists launched the International Women's Strike in 2017. The Polish and Argentinian groups coordinated using long proprietary software voice over IP discussions together with women from 28 other countries for preparing the strike. This led to strikes in many countries, including techniques such as rallies and banging pots.[9] - Over 50 countries have participated in the International Women's Strike.[10] - In Ireland, an abortion rights platform titled ""Strike 4 Repeal"" demanded: ""[...] that the Irish government call a referendum to repeal the 8th amendment by the 8th of March. If not, we will strike"".[11][12][13][14] - The protest was inspired by the Black Protest in Poland several months earlier,[11][15] and was organised by an ad-hoc, non-affiliated group of activists, academics, artists and trade unionists organising for abortion rights in Ireland. The main march was held in Dublin, with 10,000 people marching to government buildings.[11][16] Despite the name ""strike"" some people took paid holidays that day. Protests were also held elsewhere around Ireland and outside the Irish Embassy in London.[17][18][19] - The campaign was criticised by some anti-abortion writers.[20] Some participants in the campaign thought the coverage on RTÉ, Ireland's national broadcaster, was insufficient, and organised a follow-up picket of RTÉ studios.[21][22] - In May 2018, the Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (a proposal described as a 'Repeal of the Eighth Amendment') was approved in a referendum and signed into law in September 2018.[23] - On 8 March 2018, the first Aurat March (Women's march) was held in Pakistan on International Women's Day. It was organised in Karachi by the feminist collective Hum Aurtein, with corresponding marches held in other cities across the country. - On 8 March 2018, the Spanish feminist movement called for a 24-hour strike. The slogan of the day was ""If we stop, the world stops"". Instead of the strike being a simple labor strike, women were encourage to strike in other aspects of their lives. Women ""were summoned to stop working, to stop attending classes, to cease to undertake care work and to avoid consuming"".[9] Almost 6 million workers participated in the strike and joined marches in cities across the country. After the International Women's Strike was organized in 2017 and carried out, the next day, several feminist organizations started working together to ensure a 24-hour strike on 8 March 2018 would have a bigger impact. A commission representing these organizations began meeting on the 8th of every month to organize a general strike, and became the national ""8 March commission"". Local 8 March committees were also created in towns and cities elsewhere in the country.[citation needed] In 2018, the national commission called for controls to tackle ""gender violence, bodies and the right to choose, borders and the economy"". Hundreds of organizations as well as local political groups supported the strike. Due to the success of the strike call, the issues that were raised gained attention importance in the media and press.[citation needed] - In the United States, A Day Without a Woman was a general strike held on 8 March 2017 and organized by two different groups—the 2017 Women's March and a separate International Women's Strike movement. The two groups asked that women not work that day to protest the policies of the administration of Donald Trump, encouraging women to refrain from working, spending money (or, alternatively, electing to shop only at ""small, women- and minority-owned businesses""), and to wear red as a sign of solidarity.[24][25] - In 2018 there was the first of the annual Women's Strike protests and events. It was organised by Women’s Strike Assembly along with the new United Sex Workers section of the United Voices of the World and included the Sex/Work Strike[26] as part of which a minute's noise for Laura Lee (sex worker) was held in Soho in London[27] and protests outside the family court in London and parliament[28] -",2023-08-26 17:53:55 -Michael J. Kelly - Wikipedia,"Michael J. ""Mike"" Kelly (born 1957)[1] is an American entrepreneur and media executive. He is the co-founder and CEO of KNV, a digital media investment and advisory firm. Prior to that, he was the president and CEO of The Weather Channel Companies, president of AOL Media Networks, and also held various executive positions at Time Warner and AOL. - Kelly is not to be confused with J. Michael Kelly, who was CFO of AOL when it was a standalone company, then CFO of AOL Time Warner after the merger, COO of the AOL division within AOL Time Warner (since renamed Time Warner), and then CEO of AOL International.[2][3] - Kelly was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois.[4] His father, also named Michael J. Kelly, was a longtime advertising executive in Chicago and New York, and his great uncle was Edward Joseph Kelly, the mayor of Chicago from 1933 to 1947.[5] - Kelly attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison and later graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with a bachelor of arts in political science.[6] - After beginning his career at the Chicago Tribune in 1980, Kelly moved to Time Inc. in 1983, where he remained until 2000.[6] While there, he managed the Southeast and New York sales offices for Fortune magazine, before joining the launch team of Entertainment Weekly in 1989. He served as the magazine's publisher from 1996 until 2000,[6][7][8] and was twice named Publisher of the Year.[6][9] - In 2000, Kelly founded American Town Network, serving as CEO of the locally focused, community-based digital platform until 2002.[6] By 2009, American Town Network had become the largest ""hyper-local"" platform in the US.[4] - In 2002, two years after AOL and Time Warner merged,[10] Kelly was named president of global marketing for Time Warner.[11] He became the founding president of AOL Media Networks in 2004,[12] responsible for AOL's marketing and advertising.[11][7] While at AOL, Kelly oversaw the company's Web advertising buying spree,[13] including its June 2004 purchase of Advertising.com for $435 million.[14] He also oversaw AOL's partnership with Google,[15] and the company's acquisition of mobile ad firm Third Screen Media.[13] While he was at AOL, advertising and commerce revenue more than tripled, to over $2.2 billion.[15] He left AOL in 2007. - On July 20, 2009, shortly after The Weather Channel was sold by Landmark Communications to NBC Universal and private equity firms Bain Capital and Blackstone Group for $3.5 billion,[16] Kelly was named president and CEO of The Weather Channel Companies (TWCC).[9][11] He was responsible for the strategic direction and operations of The Weather Channel, The Weather Channel Interactive, weather.com and The Weather Channel Mobile, Weather Services International and Enterprise Electronics Corporation.[6] - Under Kelly, TWCC saw huge growth in its digital media business, specifically involving its mobile apps and data.[17] This growth would lead to IBM's 2015 purchase of The Weather Company's digital division for an undisclosed sum.[18][19] Kelly also oversaw the addition of taped reality shows and documentaries, which were not always directly connected to weather. This change improved the channel's ratings, but was said to alienate some fans who preferred strictly weather-related programming.[20] - Kelly left TWCC in 2012, becoming a special advisor to TWCC and Bain Capital.[17] - Since 2004, Kelly has served as a board member of The Kelly Gang, a media-centric group of executives who have raised money for philanthropic purposes through annual St. Patrick's Day celebrations.[8] - From 2007 to 2009, he was an advisor to media-focused private equity fund Veronis Suhler Stevenson.[9][21] He also served on the board of numerous digital media companies, including Eyeblaster, VisibleWorld, ContextWeb and American Town Network.[22] He is on the board of directors of the American Advertising Federation, where he twice chaired the Advertising Hall of Fame, and has previously served on the Ad Council.[23] Since 2011, he has sat on the board of councilors at the Carter Center in Atlanta.[24] - In 2012, Kelly was named chairman of cloud-based media planning software company ColSpace, becoming lead investor in 2014.[25] On May 19, 2016, Colspace was acquired by Mediaocean (owned by Vista Equity Partners).[26] Also in 2012, Kelly joined London-based media advertising company Unruly Media as non-executive lead director, later being named chairman.[15][27] On September 16, 2015, it was announced that Unruly would be purchased by News Corp for $176 million.[28] - Kelly's wife, Martha Hall Kelly, is a writer whose debut novel, Lilac Girls, was published by Ballantine Books in 2016.[29] -",2023-08-26 17:53:59 -Alang-Alang (TV series) - Wikipedia,"Alang-Alang (taken from the Indonesian word for blady grass) is an Indonesian three-part television miniseries directed by Teguh Karya and broadcast in December 1994. - Ipah lives alone with her father, Rengga. The family is very poor and lives in the garbage dumps of Jakarta. Although Ipah wants to go to school, Rengga does not allow her. While Rengga works as a trash scavenger, Ipah takes several jobs and pays for her own schooling, helped by neighbours. Eventually Rengga relents, allowing Ipah to finish her schooling, and she goes on to become a teacher. - Alang-Alang was directed by Teguh Karya, a multi-award winning filmmaker known for his films with social messages. It was sponsored by the Family Planning Coordination Board (Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional, or BKKBN), and the Johns Hopkins University Population Communication Services (JHU/PCS).[1] These organisations, dedicated towards family planning and welfare, considered the message of education important to their goals.[2] Karya, who had previously worked with the BKKBN on Trilogi Khatulistiwa (The Equatorial Trilogy), adopted several aspects suggested by the Board, including the death of a woman after having too many children.[1] Filming began in July 1994.[3] - Karya and his sponsors had worked to explicitly make family planning and population the central themes. However, in a follow-up survey by JHU/PCS viewers reported seeing themes of education for women, street children's issues, anti-smoking, and intergenerational discourse.[2] Karya initially described the series as ""on a little girl who wants a better future"".[3] - Alang-Alang was broadcast in December 1994 on SCTV and viewed by 25-30 per cent of the country's television audience. Initially planned to be shown on the state owned TVRI, it was the first drama with a social message broadcast on SCTV. It sparked several polemics.[1] According to the follow-up survey by JHU/PCS, families used the characters from Alang-Alang to discuss their own situation and relationships.[2] For his role in the series, Zainal Abidin Domba won a Vidia Award for best supporting actor.[4] - Together with the Pakistani series Nijaat, Alang-Alang led to further collaborations between JHU/PCS and filmmakers.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:54:01 -Castlereagh West (District Electoral Area) - Wikipedia,"Castlereagh West was one of the four district electoral areas in Castlereagh, Northern Ireland which existed from 1993 to 2014. The district elected five members to Castlereagh Borough Council, and formed part of Belfast South constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament. - It was created for the 1993 local elections, and contained the wards of Beechill, Galwally, Hillfoot, Minnowburn and Newtownbreda. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and mostly transferred to the Castlereagh South DEA with Hillfoot moved to form part of the new Lisnasharragh DEA for the 2014 Belfast City Council election. - 2005: 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP - 2011: 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP - 2005-2011 Change: No change - 2001: 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP - 2005: 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP - 2001-2005 Change: No change - 1997: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance - 2001: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Alliance - 1997-2001 Change: No change - 1993: 2 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance - 1997: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x SDLP - 1993-1997 Change: SDLP gain from UUP - 1993: 2 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance -",2023-08-26 17:54:06 -Holmewood House School - Wikipedia," - Holmewood House School is an IAPS independent, co-educational preparatory school for boys and girls aged 3–13, in Langton Green, near Tunbridge Wells, Kent. The building is a Decimus Burton mansion, originally called Mitchells, rebuilt in 1837 after a fire.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas51°7′33″N 0°12′58″E / 51.12583°N 0.21611°E / 51.12583; 0.21611 - - This Kent school or sixth form college related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:10 -WGLR (AM) - Wikipedia,"WGLR (1280 AM) was a radio station that went off the air as of April 1, 2015. WGLR previously broadcast a sports format. Prior to sports, the station had an oldies format, simulcasting sister station WPVL 1590 kHz in Platteville, Wisconsin. Before oldies, WGLR(AM) had a country music format simulcasting co-owned WGLR-FM. Licensed to Lancaster, Wisconsin, United States. WGLR (AM) began as a daytime only station and later added nighttime service with lower power. The station's ownership requested its license be cancelled by the FCC on April 1, 2016.[2] - - This article about a radio station in Wisconsin is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:13 -Ben Field (murderer) - Wikipedia," -Benjamin Field is a British man, the murderer of retired teacher and author Peter Farquhar.[1][2][3][4] - Field was unemployed and was a voluntary churchwarden at his local church.[5] - Field was arrested in January 2018.[6] Following his arrest, psychiatrists diagnosed Field as suffering from narcissistic personality disorder or psychopathic personality disorder.[7][8] - On 9 August 2019, Field was convicted of the 2015 murder of author Peter Farquhar, but acquitted of the attempted murder of Farquhar's neighbour Ann Moore-Martin, who died of natural causes on 12 May 2017. As part of the same trial Field had pleaded guilty to charges of fraud and burglary against the same two victims.[9] - In October 2019, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, with a minimum term of 36 years.[10] - He lost a first appeal against his conviction in March 2021.[11] In January 2022 he appealed a second time against his conviction.[12] - In July 2023, it was reported that Field had applied for the Criminal Cases Review Commission to investigate whether to refer his case to the Court of Appeal.[13] - In August 2023, Field paid more than £124,000 to the families of Farquhar and Moore-Martin, after he was ordered to sell his flat in Towcester following a court confiscation order.[14] - In 2023, the circumstances surrounding Field's crimes were adapted into a BBC TV serial called The Sixth Commandment, with the actor Éanna Hardwicke playing Field. Timothy Spall plays Farquhar and Anne Reid plays neighbour Ann Moore-Martin.[15][16] -",2023-08-26 17:54:16 -1338 in Ireland - Wikipedia,"← - → - Events from the year 1338 in Ireland. -",2023-08-26 17:54:20 -List of Boston Red Sox captains - Wikipedia," - The Boston Red Sox, a professional baseball franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB), has given the title of captain to select players since the team's inaugural season as a member of the American League in 1901 (the team was known as the Boston Americans through the 1907 season). For various seasons during the team's history, the position has been vacant; while in early baseball a captain was responsible for many of the functions now assumed by managers and coaches,[1] the title is purely honorary in modern professional baseball. Since the end of World War II, only three players have served as captain of the Red Sox. The most recent was catcher Jason Varitek, who was captain during the 2005–2011 seasons, and wore a distinctive ""C"" on the left side of his jersey, similar to captains in the National Hockey League.[2] - The history of Red Sox captains was researched by baseball historian Howard W. Rosenberg in 2004. The Red Sox front office contacted Rosenberg in advance of Jason Varitek being named captain, after learning that Rosenberg, author of a 2003 book featuring captains in 19th-century baseball, had disputed the official count of captains in New York Yankees franchise history.[3][4] - [5] - [6] - [7] - [8] - [9] - [7] - [10] - [11] - [10] - [12] - [7] - [7] - [13] - [7] - [13] - [14] - No captain 1924–1939[7] - [15] - No captain 1943–1965[7] - [16] - No captain 1967–1968[7] - [16] - No captain 1984[7] - [7] - No captain 1990–2004 - [17] - No captain 2012–present - -",2023-08-26 17:54:24 -Paul Murray (presenter) - Wikipedia," - Paul Murray (born 14 July 1978) is a conservative political commentator based in Sydney, Australia. -He was the former regular mornings presenter on 2UE show A Sydney Morning. He also hosts Paul Murray Live on Sky News Australia, which airs Sunday to Thursday at 9 pm AEST,[1] as well as a Saturday Edition.[2] - In 2008, Murray joined The Shebang with Marty Sheargold and Fifi Box on Triple M's Sydney breakfast shift and also co-hosted the short-lived chat show The NightCap on 7HD. The latter program debuted with the first known public discussion of the childhood accident that left him with only nine toes.[3][4] He also joined Sky News Australia, where he began hosting 180 with Paul Murray (now known as Paul Murray Live). - In November 2010, it was announced that Murray would be moving to AM radio station 2UE. He hosted both drive and morning shows, and in early 2013 he began hosting the morning show Sydney Mornings. In October 2013, Murray openly criticised the decision by 2UE to sack fellow radio host Jason Morrison.[5] - In December 2013, after a period of declining ratings for Murray's show,[6] it was announced that Murray was leaving 2UE (his final show was broadcast on 13 December) and moving to Sky News full-time[7] to host the show Paul Murray Live on weeknights.[8] - In 2019 Murray was the only Australian news anchor given an opportunity to interview President Donald Trump during Prime Minister Scott Morrison’s state visit to the US. He was widely criticised for asking soft questions, including “Have you had a good day with your Aussie mates?” and “What do you want to say to your many Australian supporters who wish you nothing but the best in November 2020?”.[9][10] - Murray has implored voters to vote for the Liberal Party and admitted that “Sky News at night is a Liberal echo chamber”.[11] He is a strong supporter of Liberal leader Peter Dutton and a frequent critic of the Australian Labor Party[12] and what he views as ‘left-wing’ policies like action on climate change.[13] - In January 2013, Murray started working on a new show, A Sydney Morning with Paul Murray, which, unlike other 2UE programs, broadcasts out of the Sydney Morning Herald newsroom.[14] - Murray is married and lives in Sydney. He is a lifelong Wests Tigers supporter and a Holden fan. He is an atheist.[15] - Murray is a conservative, often openly criticising the Australian Labor Party and the Australian Greens.[16] - Murray's one-day-old son, Leo, died in August 2012 due to complications from a premature birth.[17] -",2023-08-26 17:54:27 -The KKK Took My Baby Away - Wikipedia,"""The KKK Took My Baby Away"" is a song by American punk rock band Ramones, released in 1981 through Sire Records. It was written by front man and lead vocalist Joey Ramone and appears on the band's sixth studio album Pleasant Dreams (1981).[1][2] - The protagonist sings that his girlfriend has been kidnapped by the Ku Klux Klan on her way to Los Angeles for the holidays and pleads with the listener to call federal authorities to find out where she is and whether she is still alive. - In End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones, a documentary film about the Ramones, Ramones tour manager Monte Melenick stated that it seemed clear to him that Joey must have been obliquely referring to Johnny Ramone (who used to tease Joey for being Jewish) ""stealing"" away his girlfriend, Linda.[3][4] - Joey's brother Mickey Leigh refuted this claim, saying that the song had been written before Joey learned of their affair. Leigh explained that the song was in response to Joey's relationship with an African-American woman named Wilna, whose parents disapproved of the interracial relationship. Leigh asked Joey what happened to the girl and Joey responded by saying ""the KKK took my baby away.""[5][6] - Former Drummer Marky Ramone supported Leigh's story in a 2015 interview, claiming that the song was inspired by Joey's experience at a mental institution, in which he befriended an African-American woman there. Wilna and Joey began to date in the early 1970s until her parents’ objections to Wilna dating a Jewish man tore them apart.[7] - Despite the controversy surrounding the song, Johnny Ramone wrote in his autobiography that ""The KKK Took My Baby Away"" was his favorite song in the Pleasant Dreams album.[8] He also denied Joey being racist or that it was about him, saying Joey wrote the song much earlier.[9] - Like almost all Ramones songs, the time signature is 4/4. The song is in the key of G Major. It alternates two verses with a chorus; the second chorus is followed by a bridge, after which the first verse and the chorus are repeated with a change of key to A Major. - In the documentary End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones, Johnny Ramone states that the guitar riff of ""The KKK Took My Baby Away"" was inspired by the riff of Cheap Trick's ""He's a Whore"". - - This punk song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:30 -Vince Chapman - Wikipedia," - Vincent John Chapman (born 5 December 1967 in Newcastle upon Tyne)[1] is a former professional footballer who played as a defender in the Football League for Huddersfield Town and Rochdale after starting his career at Wallsend Boys Club and then Tow Law Town.[1][2][3] - - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a defender born in the 1960s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:34 -Forshang Buddhism World Center - Wikipedia,"Forshang Buddhism World Center is a new religious movement based in Taiwan. - The following information is according to the organization's website.[1] - The organization claims to have received the ""revelation of Buddha-Nature"", founded by the Venerable Master Miao Kung Bodhisattva and succeeding Master Yuan Dao Bodhisattva in the early stage of the Republic of China, revering Da Zi Zai Wang Fo (the origin of Buddha-Nature) as the Originator. - Yuan Dao Bodhisattva was initiated at the age of 14, after twenty years of unrelenting dedication, he became enlightened in 1956, wholeheartedly preaching the Forshang Buddhism doctrines to the full extent ever since. Before passing into Nirvana on August 11, 1993, he chose among disciples around the world Sun-Don Lee as the successor and appointed him as the Master of the third generation. - This Buddhism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:37 -Vivienne Wallington - Wikipedia," - Vivienne Wallington (born 1937)[1] is an Australian author of romance novels under her own name as well as the pen name Elizabeth Duke. - Wallington worked for many years as a librarian. She wrote three children's books before beginning to write in the romance genre. Nineteen of her novels were published under the Harlequin Romance line under the pseudonym Elizabeth Duke. She now writes under own name for various Silhouette lines.[2] Romantic Times described her as ""display[ing] a fine talent for storytelling as she creates dynamic characters and an intriguing conflict that will keep you guessing right up until the last page.""[3] - Wallington lives in Melbourne with her husband John. They have two grown children.[2] - List of romantic novelists -",2023-08-26 17:54:40 -Francavilla d'Ete - Wikipedia,"Francavilla d'Ete is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Fermo in the Italian region Marche, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Ancona and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Ascoli Piceno. - Francavilla d'Ete borders the following municipalities: Corridonia, Fermo, Mogliano, Monte San Pietrangeli, Montegiorgio. - - This Marche location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:45 -Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy - Wikipedia," - Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material.[1][2][3] Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field,[4] while the more common metal, iron, is considered a major impurity.[5][6] Like ferrous extraction, non-ferrous extraction primarily focuses on the economic optimization of extraction processes in separating qualitatively and quantitatively marketable metals from its impurities (gangue).[7] - Any extraction process will include a sequence of steps or unit processes for separating highly pure metals from undesirables in an economically efficient system. Unit processes are usually broken down into three categories: pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. In pyrometallurgy, the metal ore is first oxidized through roasting or smelting. The target metal is further refined at high temperatures and reduced to its pure form. In hydrometallurgy, the object metal is first dissociated from other materials using a chemical reaction, which is then extracted in pure form using electrolysis or precipitation. Finally, electrometallurgy generally involves electrolytic or electrothermal processing. The metal ore is either distilled in an electrolyte or acid solution, then magnetically deposited onto a cathode plate (electrowinning); or smelted then melted using an electric arc or plasma arc furnace (electrothermic reactor).[8] - Another major difference in non-ferrous extraction is the greater emphasis on minimizing metal losses in slag. This is widely due to the exceptional scarcity and economic value of certain non-ferrous metals which are, inevitably, discarded during the extraction process to some extent.[9] Thus, material resource scarcity and shortages are of great concern to the non-ferrous industry. Recent developments in non-ferrous extractive metallurgy now emphasize the reprocessing and recycling of rare and non-ferrous metals from secondary raw materials (scrap) found in landfills.[10][11] - In general, prehistoric extraction of metals, particularly copper, involved two fundamental stages: first, the smelting of copper ore at temperatures exceeding 700 °C is needed to separate the gangue from the copper; second, melting the copper, which requires temperatures exceeding its melting point of 1080 °C.[12] Given the available technology at the time, accomplishing these extreme temperatures posed a significant challenge. Early smelters developed ways to effectively increase smelting temperatures by feeding the fire with forced flows of oxygen.[5] - Copper extraction in particular is of great interest in archeometallurgical studies since it dominated other metals in Mesopotamia from the early Chalcolithic until the mid-to-late sixth century BC.[13][14] There is a lack of consensus among archaeometallurgists on the origin of non-ferrous extractive metallurgy. Some scholars believe that extractive metallurgy may have been simultaneously or independently discovered in several parts of the world. The earliest known use of pyrometallurgical extraction of copper occurred in Belovode, eastern Serbia, from the late sixth to early fifth millennium BC.[12] However, there is also evidence of copper smelting in Tal-i-Iblis, southeastern Iran, which dates back to around the same period.[15] During this period, copper smelters used large in-grown pits filled with coal, or crucibles to extract copper, but by the fourth millennium BC this practice had begun to phase out in favor of the smelting furnace, which had a larger production capacity. From the third millennium onward, the invention of the reusable smelting furnace was crucial to the success of large-scale copper production and the robust expansion of the copper trade through the Bronze Age.[5] - The earliest silver objects began appearing in the late fourth millennium BC in Anatolia, Turkey. Prehistoric silver extraction is strongly associated with the extraction of the less valuable metal, lead; although evidence of lead extraction technology predates silver by at least 3 millennia.[16][17] Silver and lead extractions are also associated because the argentiferous (silver-bearing) ores used in the process often contains both elements. - In general, prehistoric silver recovery was broken down into three phases: First, the silver-lead ore is roasted to separate the silver and lead from the gangue. The metals are then melted at high temperature ( greater than 1100 °C) in the crucible while air is blown over the molten metal (cupellation). Finally, lead is oxidized to form lead monoxide (PbO) or is absorbed into the walls of the crucible, leaving the refined silver behind. - The silver-lead cupellation method was first used in Mesopotamia between 4000 and 3500 BC. Silver artifacts, dating around 3600 BC, were discovered in Naqada, Egypt. Some of these cast silver artifacts contained less than 0.5% lead, which strongly indicates cupellation.[16] - Cupellation was also being used in parts of Europe to extract gold, silver, zinc, and tin by the late ninth to tenth century AD. Here, one of the earliest examples of an integrated unit process for extracting more than one precious metal was first introduced by Theophilus around the twelfth century. First, the gold-silver ore is melted down in the crucible, but with an excess amount of lead. The intense heat then oxidizes the lead which reacts quickly and binds with the impurities in the gold-silver ore. Since both gold and silver have low reactivity with the impurities, they remain behind once the slag is removed. The last stage involves parting, in which the silver is separated from the gold. First the gold-silver alloy is hammered into thin sheets and placed into a vessel. The sheets were then covered in urine, which contains sodium chloride (NaCl). The vessel is then capped and heated for several hours until the chlorides bind with the silver, creating silver chloride (AgCl). Finally, the silver chloride powder is then removed and smelted to recover the silver, while the pure gold remains intact.[6] - During the Song Dynasty, Chinese copper output from domestic mining was in decline and the resulting shortages caused miners to seek alternative methods for extracting copper. The discovery of a new “wet process” for extracting copper from mine water was introduced between the eleventh and twelfth century, which helped to mitigate their loss of supply. - Similar to the Anglo-Saxon method for cupellation, the Chinese employed the use of a base metal to extract the target metal from its impurities. First, the base metal, iron, is hammered into thin sheets. The sheets are then placed into a trough filled with “vitriol water” i.e., copper mining water which is then left to steep for several day. The mining water contains copper salts in the form of copper sulfate CuSO4. The iron then reacts with the copper, displacing it from the sulfate ions, causing the copper to precipitate onto the iron sheets, forming a ""wet"" powder. Finally, the precipitated copper is collected and refined further through the traditional smelting process. This is the first large-scale use of a hydrometallurgical process.[18] -",2023-08-26 17:54:48 -Don G. Abel - Wikipedia,"Donald George Abel (December 23, 1894 – July 8, 1980) was an American attorney who served as a Washington State Supreme Court Justice from 1946 to 1947.[1] - His father, George D. Abel, was a Superior Court Judge of Grays Harbor County, the center of the state's logging industry. In 1913, Don graduated from Hoquiam High School. He attended the University of Washington, where he played football under coach Gil Dobie, and received a B.A. degree in 1917. - In WW I, Abel served in the 91st Division of the U.S. Army, was decorated for gallantry in the Battle of the Argonne, and rose to the rank of captain.[2][3] - Following his discharge, he returned to the University of Washington School of Law, and graduated with a LL.B. degree in 1919. - After graduation, Abel engaged in the private practice of law in Chehalis, and then held a series of government posts. From 1922 to 1926, he served as the Prosecuting Attorney of Lewis County. In 1932 he ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to Congress in the Third District. From May 1936 to February 1940, Abel was state administrator of the federal Works Progress Administration.[4][5][6][7] - In September 1942, he ran unsuccessfully for a position on the state Supreme Court, losing to John S. Robinson.[8] In 1946, Abel was appointed to Supreme Court as acting Justice during the absence of Walter B. Beals, who was Presiding Judge at the International Military Tribunal I in Nuremberg, Germany. - In 1957, Governor Albert D. Rosellini appointed Abel to the State Public Service Commission, and later to the Washington State Liquor Control Board, where he served as member and chairman.[9] - He was married to Marion E. Ross. They had three children, including a daughter, Janice Abel Colby, and twins born on January 20, 1920: Margaret Louise Abel and Don G. Abel, Jr.[10] Don, Jr., graduated from the University of Washington Law School, as did his father, served as Grays Harbor Prosecuting Attorney, and practiced law in Seattle.[11] - Abel, Sr. died July 8, 1980, and is buried in Claquato Cemetery in Chehalis, Washington.[12] -",2023-08-26 17:54:52 -Trần Thị Thu Thảo - Wikipedia," - Trần Thị Thu Thảo (born 15 January 1993) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Women's Championship club Hồ Chí Minh City I and the Vietnam women's national team. - Trần Thị Thu Thảo has played for Hồ Chí Minh City in Vietnam. - Trần Thị Thu Thảo capped for Vietnam at senior level during the 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament.[1] - - This biographical article related to women's association football in Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:55 -Jacob Wolf House - Wikipedia,"The Jacob Wolf House is a historic house on Arkansas Highway 5 in Norfork, Arkansas. It is a log structure, built in 1825 by Jacob Wolf, the first documented white settler of the area. Architecturally it's a ""saddle bag"", which is a two-story dog trot with the second floor built over the open breezeway. A two-story porch extends on one facade, with an outside stair giving access to the upper floor rooms. The building's original chinking has been replaced by modern mortaring. It is maintained by the Department of Arkansas Heritage as a historic house museum.[2][3] - The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.[1] - Back of Wolf House - Blacksmith Shop - John Wolf Cabin built in 1828 - Plaque at John Wolf Cabin - - This article about a property in Baxter County, Arkansas on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:54:59 -Ancylolomia argenteovittata - Wikipedia," - Ancylolomia argenteovittata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1910.[1] It is found in Ethiopia and Tanzania.[2] - - This article relating to the moth genus Ancylolomia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:55:02 -A Crime Has Been Committed - Wikipedia,"A Crime Has Been Committed (French:Un crime a été commis) is a 1919 French silent film directed by André Hugon.[1] - - This article related to a French film of the 1910s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:55:06 -Anderman - Wikipedia,"Anderman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:55:09 -Disposable Arts - Wikipedia,"Disposable Arts is the second solo and fourth overall studio album by American rapper Masta Ace. It was released on October 16, 2001 via JCOR Entertainment. Production was handled by Domingo, Luis Tineo, Xplicit, Ayatollah, Deacon the Villain, DJ 3D, DJ A. Vee, DJ Rob, Gerrard C. Baker, Koolade, Paul Nice, Rodney Hunter and Ace himself. It features guest appearances from eMC, MC Paul Barman, Jane Doe, Mr. Lee G, Apocalypse, Greg Nice, Jean Grae, J-Ro, King Tee, Leschea, Rah Digga, Young Zee and Tonedeff. - The concept of the album follows a young Brooklyn man's release from prison, his return home, and his life at ""The Institute of Disposable Arts"", a school in which Ace enrolls after realizing how bad the situation in Brooklyn is. - The album sold poorly compared to his previous albums, due to JCOR Entertainment folding a month after its release but it was generally well received by critics and fans alike. The cover art is an ironic nod to his ""Sittin' on Chrome"" days, showing Masta Ace sitting on a car seat in the street without a car. Included on the album is the song ""Acknowledge"", a notable diss track to rapper Boogeyman and group The High & Mighty. The song ""Unfriendly Game"" was used in the TV series The Wire and is included on one of its soundtracks. The song ""Take A Walk"" was used in the video game Saints Row, and was found on one of the various in game radio stations. - In 2013, D. Aurelius directed a documentary video of making the album, starring Ace, Rah Digga and Justin Hunte. -",2023-08-26 17:55:13 -John B. Paolella - Wikipedia,"John B. Paolella (born February 14, 1949) is an American Republican Party politician who served in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature from the 38th district– one term in the New Jersey General Assembly and one term in the New Jersey Senate. - Born in Hackensack on February 14, 1949, Paolella attended Bergen Catholic High School and graduated from Harvard University in 1971. He received a J.D. degree from Seton Hall University School of Law and was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1976. He served as a legal advisor to then-Assemblyman W. Cary Edwards.[1] - In his first bid for the Legislature, Paolella and Republican running mate Louis F. Kosco defeated incumbent Democratic Assemblymen Robert Burns and Paul Contillo.[2] After serving one term there, Paolella ran for the Senate in 1981 and defeated incumbent John Skevin.[3] Paolella served a two-year term in the Senate before being defeated for reelection in 1983 by Contillo[4] who went on to serve for eight more years in the Senate and a second brief stint in the Assembly in 2013. - Paolella later moved to Bay Head and got involved in local politics there. In 2014, running on a Republican ticket with fellow Bergen County transplant Steve Lonegan, he ran for a seat on the Ocean County Board of Chosen Freeholders seeking to defeat long-time incumbent Freeholder Joseph H. Vicari.[5] Vicari ultimately defeated Paolella nearly 76%–24%.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:55:16 -"Miers, Lot - Wikipedia"," - Miers is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France. - - This Lot geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:55:21 -Bab Mahrouk - Wikipedia,"Bab Mahrouk, also spelled Bab Mahruq, (Arabic: باب المحروق ) is historically the main western city gate of Fes el Bali, the old walled city of Fes, Morocco. The gate dates from 1204 and is located on the northwestern corner of Place Bou Jeloud, near the edge of Kasbah an-Nouar. It was historically the approximate starting point of the old city's main street, Tala'a Kebira.[1]: 126  - The current gate was built in 1204 by the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir (ruled 1199-1213), who rebuilt the city walls and fortifications of Fes generally.[2][3] It was also known (perhaps at an earlier period before the Almohad construction) as Bab ash-Shari'a (باب الشريعة meaning roughly ""Gate of Justice/Law""), but became known as Bab Mahruq (""Gate of the Burnt"") after the body of a Wazzani rebel called al-'Ubaydi was burnt here in 1203-04 (600 AH).[1]: 110  The heads of executed rebels were hung here on display, a practice that continued on occasion even up to the beginning of the 20th century.[1][3] On some occasions the condemned were hung by the wrists just above the ground for a full day before their execution.[1] Today the gate is still standing but several other openings in the wall have been created nearby to allow for the passage of vehicles and regular traffic. - Like many medieval fortified gates, the gate has a bent entrance, entered from the west but turning 90 degrees to the south.[4] It opens through a large horseshoe or Moorish arch, surrounded by a shallow rectangular frame (similar to Bab Mahrouk on the other side of the city).[2] Another simple opening in the walls, inserted in recent times for better circulation, can also be found to the south of the gate structure. - -West of the gate, outside the city walls, stretches the historic Bab Mahrouk Cemetery, one of the main cemeteries of the old city. It includes the mausoleum of 12th-century Islamic scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.[1]: 106  Ibn al-Khatib, the famous Andalusi poet from Granada, was also buried there after he was killed while jailed in Fez in 1375.[5][6] One of the tombs in the cemetery may contain the final resting place of Muhammad XII, the last ruler of Granada and al-Andalus, though experts have yet to confirm this.[7] Bab Mahrouk Cemetery - Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabi - Interior of the mausoleum of Ibn al-Arabi -",2023-08-26 17:55:26 -Countable Borel relation - Wikipedia,"In descriptive set theory, specifically invariant descriptive set theory, countable Borel relations are a class of relations between standard Borel space which are particularly well behaved. This concept encapsulates various more specific concepts, such as that of a hyperfinite equivalence relation, but is of interest in and of itself. - A main area of study in invariant descriptive set theory is the relative complexity of equivalence relations. An equivalence relation - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - - on a set - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - is considered more complex than an equivalence relation - - - -F - - -{\displaystyle F} - - on a set - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - - if one can ""compute - - - -F - - -{\displaystyle F} - - using - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - -"" - formally, if there is a function - - - -f -: -Y -→ -X - - -{\displaystyle f:Y\to X} - - which is well behaved in some sense (for example, one often requires that - - - -f - - -{\displaystyle f} - - is Borel measurable) such that - - - -∀ -x -, -y -∈ -Y -: -x -F -y - -⟺ - -f -( -x -) -E -f -( -y -) - - -{\displaystyle \forall x,y\in Y:xFy\iff f(x)Ef(y)} - -. Such a function If this holds in both directions, that one can both ""compute - - - -F - - -{\displaystyle F} - - using - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - -"" and ""compute - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - - using - - - -F - - -{\displaystyle F} - -"", then - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - - and - - - -F - - -{\displaystyle F} - - have a similar level of complexity. When one talks about Borel equivalence relations and requires - - - -f - - -{\displaystyle f} - - to be Borel measurable, this is often denoted by - - - -E - -∼ - -B - - -F - - -{\displaystyle E\sim _{B}F} - -. - Countable Borel equivalence relations, and relations of similar complexity in the sense described above, appear in various places in mathematics (see examples below, and see [1] for more). In particular, the Feldman-Moore theorem described below proved useful in the study of certain Von Neumann algebras (see [2]). - Let - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - - be standard Borel spaces. A countable Borel relation between - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - - is a subset - - - -R - - -{\displaystyle R} - - of the cartesian product - - - -X -× -Y - - -{\displaystyle X\times Y} - - which is a Borel set (as a subset in the Product topology) and satisfies that for any - - - -x -∈ -X - - -{\displaystyle x\in X} - -, the set - - - -{ -y -∈ -Y - -| - -( -x -, -y -) -∈ -R -} - - -{\displaystyle \lbrace y\in Y|(x,y)\in R\rbrace } - - is countable. - Note that this definition is not symmetric in - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - -, and thus it is possible that a relation - - - -R - - -{\displaystyle R} - - is a countable Borel relation between - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - - but the converse relation is not a countable Borel relation between - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - - and - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - -. - This theorem, named after Nikolai Luzin and his doctoral student Pyotr Novikov, is an important result used is many proofs about countable Borel relations. - Theorem. Suppose - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - - are standard Borel spaces and - - - -R - - -{\displaystyle R} - - is a countable Borel relation between - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - -. Then the set - - - -P -r -o - -j - -X - - -( -R -) -= -{ -x -∈ -X - -| - -∃ -y -∈ -Y -: -( -x -, -y -) -∈ -R -} - - -{\displaystyle Proj_{X}(R)=\lbrace x\in X|\exists y\in Y:(x,y)\in R\rbrace } - - is a Borel subset of - - - -Y - - -{\displaystyle Y} - -. Furthermore, there is a Borel function - - - -f -: -P -r -o - -j - -X - - -( -R -) -→ -Y - - -{\displaystyle f:Proj_{X}(R)\to Y} - - (known as a Borel uniformization) such that the graph of - - - -f - - -{\displaystyle f} - - is a subset of - - - -R - - -{\displaystyle R} - -. Finally, there exist Borel subsets - - - -{ - -A - -n - - - -} - -n -= -1 - - -∞ - - - - -{\displaystyle \lbrace A_{n}\rbrace _{n=1}^{\infty }} - - of - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - and Borel functions - - - - -f - -n - - -: - -A - -n - - -→ -Y - - -{\displaystyle f_{n}:A_{n}\to Y} - - such that - - - -R - - -{\displaystyle R} - - is the union of the graphs of the - - - - -f - -n - - - - -{\displaystyle f_{n}} - -, that is - - - -R -= -{ -( -x -, -y -) -∈ -X -× -Y - -| - -∃ -n -∈ - -N - -: -x -∈ - -A - -n - - -∧ -y -= - -f - -n - - -( -x -) -} - - -{\displaystyle R=\lbrace (x,y)\in X\times Y|\exists n\in \mathbb {N} :x\in A_{n}\land y=f_{n}(x)\rbrace } - -.[5] - This has a couple of easy consequences: - Below are two more results which can be proven using the Luzin-Novikov Novikov theorem, concerning countable Borel equivalence relations: - The Feldman-Moore theorem, named after Jacob Feldman and Calvin C. Moore, states: - Theorem. Suppose - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - - is a Borel equivalence relation on a standard Borel space - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - which has countable equivalence classes. Then there exists a countable group - - - -G - - -{\displaystyle G} - - and action of - - - -G - - -{\displaystyle G} - - on - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - such that for every - - - -g -∈ -G - - -{\displaystyle g\in G} - - the function - - - -x -↦ -g -. -x - - -{\displaystyle x\mapsto g.x} - - is Borel measurable, and for any - - - -x -∈ -X - - -{\displaystyle x\in X} - -, the equivalence class of - - - -x - - -{\displaystyle x} - - with respect to - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - - is exactly the orbit of - - - -x - - -{\displaystyle x} - - under the action.[6] - That is to say, countable Borel equivalence relations are exactly those generated by Borel actions by countable groups. - This lemma is due to Theodore Slaman and John R. Steel, and can be proven using the Feldman-Moore theorem: - Lemma. Suppose - - - -E - - -{\displaystyle E} - - is a Borel equivalence relation on a standard Borel space - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - which has countable equivalence classes. Let - - - -B -= -{ -x -∈ -X - -| - - -| - -[ -x - -] - -E - - - -| - -= - -ℵ - -0 - - -} - - -{\displaystyle B=\lbrace x\in X||[x]_{E}|=\aleph _{0}\rbrace } - -. Then there is a decreasing sequence - - - -B -⊇ - -S - -1 - - -⊇ - -S - -2 - - -⊇ -. -. -. - - -{\displaystyle B\supseteq S_{1}\supseteq S_{2}\supseteq ...} - - such that - - - -[ - -S - -n - - - -] - -E - - -= -B - - -{\displaystyle [S_{n}]_{E}=B} - - for all - - - - -S - -n - - - - -{\displaystyle S_{n}} - - and - - - - -⋂ - -n -= -1 - - -∞ - - - -S - -n - - -= -∅ - - -{\displaystyle \bigcap _{n=1}^{\infty }S_{n}=\emptyset } - -. - Less formally, the lemma says that the infinite equivalence classes can be approximated by ""arbitrarily small"" set (for instance, if we have a Borel probability measure - - - -μ - - -{\displaystyle \mu } - - on - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - the lemma implies that - - - - -lim - -n -→ -∞ - - -μ -( - -S - -n - - -) -= -0 - - -{\displaystyle \lim _{n\to \infty }\mu (S_{n})=0} - - by the continuity of the measure). -",2023-08-26 17:55:32 -Aulds - Wikipedia,"Aulds is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:55:35 -Le devin du village - Wikipedia,"Le devin du village (""The Village Soothsayer"") is a one-act French opera (intermède) by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who also wrote the libretto. It was the first work in the repertory of the Académie Royale de Musique for which the text and music were by the same author.[1] - It was first performed on 18 October 1752 before the royal court at Fontainebleau, and for the public, on 1 March 1753 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. King Louis XV loved the piece so much that he offered Rousseau the great honor of a life pension. Rousseau refused the honor. However, the opera became one of the most popular of its day and brought him both wealth and fame. The opera was also performed at the wedding of the future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. - An English translation by Charles Burney, The Cunning Man, was performed in London in 1762. Rousseau's work was the object of a parody in the Singspiel Bastien und Bastienne by the twelve-year-old Mozart. - Colin and Colette love one another, yet they suspect each other of being unfaithful — in Colin's case, with the lady of the manor, and in Colette's with a courtier. They each seek the advice and support of the village soothsayer in order to reinforce their love. After a series of deceptions, Colin and Colette reconcile and are happily married. - Notes - Sources -",2023-08-26 17:55:39 -Bob Wade (artist) - Wikipedia," - Bob ""Daddy-O"" Wade (January 6, 1943 – December 23, 2019)[1][2] was an American artist, based in Austin, Texas, who helped shape the 1970s Texas Cosmic Cowboy counterculture. He is best known for creating whimsical out-sized sculptures of Texas symbols. He was known for his uninhibited style and received attention as a serious artist in some art circles.[3] He hand-tinting large photo-emulsion canvases of vintage photographs, some of which were exhibited at the Whitney Museum of American Art. His 40-foot-long (12 m) giant, 2600 pound iguana, known as ""Iggy"", sat on top of the Lone Star Cafe in New York City from 1978 to 1989. ""Iggy"" changed owners a few times after the Lone Star Cafe closed and now resides atop the Fort Worth Zoo's Burnett Animal Health Science Center and greets visitors driving into the zoo grounds.[4] - Robert Schrope Wade was born in Austin, Texas on January 6, 1943.[2] Son of a hotel manager, Wade grew up in several Texas cities. This early hotel life contributed to Wade's interests in the American road and highway kitsch.[4] - As a boy he was able to visit with his cowboy hero, Roy Rogers, who was a first cousin of his mother.[1] During high school in El Paso, Wade joined a car club and would go south of the border to Juarez to enlist skilled technicians to customize his hot rod. - When Bob arrived Austin in 1961 to attend the University of Texas he was driving a decade-old, customized Ford Crown Victoria hot rod. His slicked back hair, the hot rod and his El Paso style earned him the nickname of ""Daddy-O"" from his Kappa Sigma His fraternity brothers.[5] - He studied art under Charles Umlauf and others who were focused on sculpture. In addition to his formal studies, Wade learned from the example of several Austin artists, including William Lester, Robert Levers, and Everett Spruce.[6] Upon graduation from UT, Wade earned a Masters in painting at the University of California at Berkeley. There the artist connected his border sensibilities to the developing West coast Funk art pioneered by Bay Area curator and art historian Peter Selz.[6] - Following his time in Berkeley, Wade returned to Texas to make art and teach in Waco, Dallas, and the University of North Texas, successively. Wade helped create a small art community in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas with artists, George Green, Jim Roch, and Jack Mims. They became known as the Oak Cliff Four. Together they booked gallery shows and a group show at the Tyler Museum. In 1971, Dave Hickey’s South Texas Sweet Funk exhibition at Austin's St. Edwards University catalyzed the art scene developing out of the Texas counterculture, bringing the Oak Cliff Four together with Jim Franklin, Gilbert Shelton, Luis Jiménez, and others.[6] Wade soon turned to a new process with his work in photo-emulsion canvases, which quickly drew attention in the larger art world. One piece, ‘Gettin’ It on Near Cedar Hill’, a depiction of two heifers in a rather indelicate position, appeared in Art Forum in 1971, and was reviewed by Robert Pincus-Witten. Continuing this technique, Wade transferred vintage and Texas themed photos to photo-emulsion canvases on a large scale and applied color. These works include photos such as Mexican revolutionaries, a cowboy band, Texas boys and their guns, Yaquis, and his most well known, the 10' wide canvas, ‘Cowgirls on Harleys’. - As part of the American Bicentennial celebration Wade installed a U.S. map the size of a football field in Dallas. -Constructed from plywood, concrete, and earth, the map featured miniature oil wells, billboards, skyscrapers, and replicas of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. Visible from planes leaving DFW International Airport, the work was covered by People magazine and made Wade famous.[5] - Wade's teaching career ended in 1977 when he turned his full attention to making his art. -In 1979 Wade began a series of canvases that would expand this technique. Wade decided to enlarge a 1922 postcard of cowgirls onto a photo emulsion canvas and hand-tint it in vivid colors. This accentuated the details in the women's faces and clothes. This was Wade's tribute to the American cowgirl, a subject that entered a revival about that time.[7] A book of these works, Cowgirls, was published in 1995. - Wade served as an art ambassador, serving up Texas culture for art audiences nationally and internationally. In 1976 Wade returned to the Bay Area to recreate a Texas honky-tonk in the midst of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, cantilevered a taxidermied rodeo horse to a wall in the Tex-Lax exhibition at Cal State-Los Angeles, and turned the Lone Star state itself into a roadside attraction for the French with his Texas Mobile Home Museum in the Paris Biennale of 1977. A 1976 documentary by Kenneth Harrison, 'Jackelope', focused on Wade, George Green, and James Surls. In the documentary Wade goes on a road trip across the state collecting materials for a display of Texas culture in a New York art museum.[7] Another documentary on Bob Wade's career, ""Too High, Too Long and Too Wide,"" is by New York filmmaker Karen Dinitz and features his road trip across Texas in his Iguanamobile.[8] - In 1979 Wade created a pair of giant cowboy boots for a temporary public art installation in Washington DC. He had been selected to create a large sculpture by the Washington Project for the Arts. He chose cowboy boots because in his words, ""Western chic was a huge trend"". Completed using donated and scavenged materials, the boots stood nearly 40 feet tall and were installed on an empty lot near the White House at the northwest corner of 12th and G Streets NW. -In January 1980, when the boots were due to be taken down, a property management company requested the boots for a shopping mall in Texas. The boots were moved to San Antonio's North Star Mall, where they stand today and are a beloved landmark. According to the Guinness World Record, this sculpture holds the record for the largest cowboy boot structure.[9] - Until his death in 2019, Bob Wade continued to produce his unique art. An example is his 2006 ‘Kinky Mobile’, a small tear drop trailer with a cowboy hat on top and a 3’ cigar sticking out the front, coinciding with Kinky Friedman’s run for Texas governor. Wade celebrated the installation of his iconic Iguana at the Fort Worth Zoo in June 2010, documented in these photos.[4] A retrospective of his work was exhibited at the South Austin Museum of Popular Culture in the fall of 2009.[6][10] - Wade lived and worked in Austin, Texas.[11] Wade's work can be found at The Grove, a public art program at Waterside, in Fort Worth. Installed in 2016, this outdoor sculpture celebrates the area's history and is made from re-purposed amusement rides and playground equipment.[12] - The Texas Book Festival chose Wade's “Let ’er Rip,” an image of a vintage cowgirl riding an oversized, bucking Texas horned frog, for its 2020 festival poster.[13] -During his last months of life Wade collaborated with over forty artists and writers on “Daddy-O's Book of Big-Ass Art”, a book featuring images and tales of more than a hundred of his most famous pieces. It was published ten months after his death in November, 2020.[14] - Wade was married twice, first to Sue Immel, ending in divorce. He met his second wife, Lisa Sherman, in 1982. By 1989 they were married and had a daughter. Wade is survived by two daughters.[15] - Wade's public art can be found mainly in Texas. The following is a partial list. - Other works include giant armadillos, dancing frogs, urethane-foamed World's Biggest Cowboy Boots originally installed near the White House, a 70-foot-tall (21 m) saxophone and a New Orleans Saints helmet created from a Volkswagen beetle, currently atop the Shoal Creek Saloon in Austin, Texas. - Wade received three National Endowment of the Arts grants and has been included in Biennial exhibitions in Paris and in New Orleans. His work has been part of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York and in the collections of the Houston Museum of Art, the Austin Museum of Art, the Chase Manhattan Bank, the Menil Collection, and AT&T. Wade was dubbed a ""pioneer of Texas Funk and connoisseur of Southwestern kitsch,"" by the Fort Worth Star Telegram.[8] - -",2023-08-26 17:55:42 -Novo Horizonte Futebol Clube - Wikipedia,"Novo Horizonte Futebol Clube, commonly known as Novo Horizonte, is a Brazilian football club based in Ipameri, Goiás state. They competed in the Série C and in the Copa do Brasil once. - The club was founded on February 27, 1968.[1] Novo Horizonte won the Campeonato Goiano Second Level in 2007. The club competed in the Série C in 2002, when they were eliminated in the Second Stage of the competition by Anápolis. Novo Horizonte competed in the Copa do Brasil in 2004, when they were eliminated in the first round by Santo André from São Paulo state. - Novo Horizonte Futebol Clube play their home games at Estádio Durval Ferreira Franco.[1] The stadium has a maximum capacity of 1,904 people.[2] - - This article about a Brazilian association football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:55:46 -Roadstriker - Wikipedia,"Roadstriker is a 1986 role-playing game supplement for Mekton published by R. Talsorian Games. - Roadstriker is a supplement which details additional mecha and expands the information on transforming from the original Mekton rules.[1] - Phil Frances reviewed Roadstriker for White Dwarf #87, and stated that ""In all, a most worthwhile effort – not as slick as FASA's Mechwarrior or Battletech, but admirably simple and flexible.""[2] - David Jacobs reviewed Roadstriker in Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer No. 79.[1] Jacobs commented that ""It's a collection of scenarios complete with NPC's for back up and background, and a great way to introduce roadstrikers to your Mekton gaming.""[1] -",2023-08-26 17:55:50 -Louisiana and Pacific Railway - Wikipedia,"The Louisiana & Pacific Railway Company, controlled by the Long-Bell Lumber Company, had a total of 30.904 miles of tracks and trackage rights of 45 miles on the Lake Charles & Northern, between DeRidder and Bridge Junction (Lake Charles), and 6.3 miles from Bundicks (Longacre) to Hoy[1][2] - The railway connected with the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company at DeRidder, the Kansas City Southern Railway Company at Bon Ami, DeRidder, and Lake Charles, the Lake Charles & Northern Railroad Company at DeRidder (Junction), Fayette,[3] Lake Charles, and Longville, the Louisiana Western Railroad Company at Lake Charles, the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company at Lake Charles, and the New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway at Fulton which was 2 to 3 miles east of Ragley and one mile from Pearl.[4] - The only surviving steam locomotive from the L&P is Virginia and Truckee Railroad 2-8-0 No.29. - - This United States railway company-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:55:53 -Blossom Chukwujekwu - Wikipedia,"Blossom Chukwujekwu is a Nigerian actor, who made his professional acting debut in 2009. In 2015, he won the Best Supporting Actor Award[1] at the Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards.[2][3] - Born Chukwudi Echezona Chukwujekwu on November 4, 1983 in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria to Dr I.E and Evangelist J.C Chukwujekwu, Blossom Chukwujekwu[4] is the first of two sons. He is a native of Otolo, Nnewi North in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. He attended Greater Tomorrow Primary School and Greater Tomorrow Comprehensive College both in Benin City, Edo State. For his tertiary education, Blossom opted to study Mass Communications at Anambra State University of Science and Technology.[5] where he spent a year. He completed his studies at the Benson Idahosa University,[6] Benin City, Edo State after a brief stint at the Enugu State University of Science and Technology. While in BIU, he was President of the Association of Mass Communication Students (AMCOS) in the 2007/2008 session. He was also an active member of the popular House of Theatre (H.O.T) where he played the lead in the stage drama, Godless: The path to dawn. Blossom maintains that playing Ukemu in Godless was his eureka moment. In July 2008, he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mass Communications from the Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State. He moved to Lagos, Nigeria a few months after graduating to perform his National Youth Service Corps obligations. Blossom stayed back in Lagos to pursue his acting ambitions. - In 2009, after several auditions Chukwujekwu[7] landed the lead role in the yet to be released Nigeria soap opera; Portrait Of Passion. That same year he was cast in his first feature film, Vivian Ejike's Private Storm[8] alongside Omotola Jalade Ekeinde and Ramsey Nouah. Blossom was profiled on Africa Magic's Nollywood show, Jara,[9] as one of the top 5 actors to watch out for in 2013. He was number 4 on ace Nollywood director, Charles Novia's, list of the best actors of 2013,[10] In 2012 Chukwujekwu landed a role in Flower Girl[11] which was his breakout movie. Released in 2013,[12] it achieved critical and commercial success in Nigeria, Ghana, the United Kingdom and film festivals in the United States and Canada. Chukwujekwu's next block buster feature film,[13] Finding Mercy,[14] was one of the most anticipated[15] and successful movies of 2013. It was the closing film at the African International Film Festival (AFRIFF 2013).[16] In 2014 Knocking on Heaven's Door[17] opened in cinemas nationwide on April 18. Chukwujekwu's performance as the abusive and emotionally volatile ""Moses"" earned him the Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice 2015 Best Supporting Actor award. Blossom's most notable film credits include Flower Girl (2013),[18] Finding Mercy (2013)[14] alongside Rita Dominic, Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014)[19] with Majid Michel, The Visit[20] (2015) with Nse Ikpe-Etim, A Place Called Happy (2015)[21] and Ghana Must Go[22] (2016) with Yvonne Okoro. He has featured in a handful of TV dramas & series, such as Tinsel on MNET, where he played Mr. Akinlolu Hart, MTVBASE's HIV themed Shuga,[23] CATWALQ by Emem Isong and Monalisa Chinda, Greg Odutayo's My Mum and I, About to Wed and Married. Chukwujekwu plays the lead role of Kelechi Pepple in Nigeria's first indigenous telenovela; Taste of Love.[24] (2015) - Blossom Chukwujekwu got married traditionally [25] to Maureen, on 19 December 2015 and separated [26] from her in September 2019. 3 years later, Blossom married Winifred Ehimome (nee Akhuemokhan) a niece of popular preacher and philanthropist, Chris Oyakhilome[27] -",2023-08-26 17:55:57 -December's Child - Wikipedia,"December's Child is the fifth album from The Original Harmony Ridge Creekdippers released in 2002. - Writing for Allmusic, music critic Steve Kurutz praised the album's ""minimalist approach"" and wrote ""Whether singing about around-the-clock meth labs or newspaper roses sold by the side of the road, he creates fully realized worlds within each song on December's Child. The lo-fi folk vibe of the earlier self-released Creekdippers recordings and 2000's My Own Jo Ellen remains... but the electricity and amplification have been turned up a bit, too—rather than deliberately eschewed as he seemed to prefer after first going relatively solo.""[1] - All songs by Mark Olson except as noted. -",2023-08-26 17:56:00 -Hawsha - Wikipedia,"Hawsha (Arabic: هوشة, Hǔsheh, also Husha) was a Palestinian village located 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) east of Haifa, about 100 meters (330 ft) above sea level. - During the late Roman period, Hawsha was the site of the ancient Jewish town of Usha, which was the seat of the Sanhedrin.[4][7][8][9] Ruins on the site include ancient mosaics and tombs. The village had a Maqam (shrine) for Nabi Hushan.[4] - In 1945, it had a population of 580 inhabitants, 400 of whom were Arab Muslims and 180 of whom were Jewish. The built-up area of the village was 50 dunums, and 717 dunums were used for agriculture. All but 7 dunums of public land were owned by Jews by this time.[4] - Hawsha was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 16, 1948 as part of the Battle of Ramat Yohanan. - The village was located on a low hilly area between the plain of Haifa and Marj ibn Amr (Jezreel Valley) and situated on an east-west axis. To the west, lay a wide valley (Wadi Husheh) that was the dividing area between it and the neighboring village of Khirbat al-Kasayir.[4][10] Leopold Zunz, and researchers from the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF), among others, have connected Hawsha to the biblical village of Usha, a border settlement of the Israelite tribe of Asher (Book of Joshua 29:19) and the seat of the Sanhedrin after 135 AD.[4][7][8][9] - Hawsha was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders during the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur (Qalawun) declared in 1283.[11] - Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Hawsha's lands belonged to the inhabitants of Shefa 'Amr. The village contained many ancient ruins, parts of which were used to build some village structures, including a shrine known as Maqam Nabi Hushan, a well (Bir Husheh), and tombstones.[4][12] William M. Thomson, writing in 1859, identifies the shrine as Neby Hǔshǎ, which he translates as the ""Prophet Joshua,"" and describes it as a ""white-domed mazar [...] a place of great resort.""[1] In the Survey of Western Palestine (1838), it is noted that the Prophet Hosea is said to be buried near ""Kh. Husheh.""[8][i] Also in the village was a mosaic floor from an ancient building.[4] - V. Guerin, who visited the site in 1875, provides a lengthy description of the ancient ruins in evidence throughout the area. He states his belief that this is the site of ancient Usha and speculates that the ruins of a finely built edifice in which there are the remnants of many columns was a synagogue. He then says a synagogue of Ousha should be constructed if there is not already such a place of worship in the vicinity. Also noting the presence of the domed wali of Neby Houchan consecrated to the prophet Hosea, he cites the Muslim tradition that this prophet is here interred. He describes the shrine as being constructed of what appear to ancient stones, with what seems to be a mihrab at its base, noting there are shreds of clothing strewn and floating about it.[13] - In an 1890 quarterly statement for the PEF, the ancient ruins of Hawsha are described as follows: ""This ruin [...] must have been an important place, to judge from the mass of building stones and the fragments of columns lying about. Now that the grass is dried up a regular city wall can be traced. On the main road running from the well towards the ruin some fine capitals are lying about, which have a close resemblance to those which on other sites have been stated to be remains of synagogues. The shafts of columns lying about generally have the basis or capital worked out of the same piece, have a diameter of 18 inches, and are composed of Nari limestone.""[14] - In the same report, it is noted that the water of Bir Husheh, located at the western edge of the ruin, is praised by the locals for its ""excellence."" Older inhabitants relayed how Jezzar Pasha and Abdullah Pasha, former Governors of 'Acca, had their drinking water supplied from the well, and tended to camp by the well during their trips to the interior.[14] Also mentioned in the report is a Greek language inscription found on a flat stone 508 meters (1,667 ft) to the east of the eastern city wall of the ancient city and 100 meters (330 ft) to the west of a small olive grove, in a rocky region just to the south of a road leading to Shefa 'Amr. The inscription was discovered by natives of Shefa 'Amr who showed to Père Julien, a priest from Beirut, who in turn shared it with Gottlieb Schumacher of the PEF.[14] - In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Husheh had a total population of 165, all Muslims,[15] increasing in the 1931 census 202, still all Muslims, in a total of 53 houses.[16] - Hawsha was categorized as a hamlet in the Mandate-era Palestine Index Gazetteer. The houses were clustered around the water cistern at the center of the village. The Muslim inhabitants shared a cemetery with Khirbat al-Kasayir. The villagers were agriculturalists and pastoralists who raised livestock. Beans were the most important agricultural product. The agricultural area of the village lay to the southwest. A small area north of the built up part of the village was planted with olive and fruit trees.[4] - In 1937, kibbutz Usha was established 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) west of Hawsha.[4] - In the 1945 statistics Hawsha was counted among Shefa-'Amr suburbs, and it was noted with a population of 400 Muslims.[6][17][18][19] - Nabi Hushan shrine in the cemetery that was used by the villagers of Hawsha and al-Kayasir. - Plaque over the doorway of the entrance to shrine. It reads: ""Shrine of the Prophet Hushan, peace be upon him."" - Part of the interior of the Nabi Hushan shrine. The chalkboard message on the right reads: ""O ye inside this house [of prayer], pray to the Chosen Prophet [i.e. Muhammad]."" - On 11 April 1948, Fawzi al-Qawuqji ordered the ALA's Druze Battalion to begin operations around Kibbutz Ramat Yohanan. The Battalion occupied the semi-abandoned villages of Hawsha and Khirbat al-Kasayir and began to shell Ramat Yohanan and harass the neighboring settlements.[20] The Haganah responded and on the night 15–16 April, what is known as the Battle of Ramat Yohanan, after the Jewish settlement bloc close to where it was fought, also known by Palestinian historians as the 'Battle of al-Husha and al-Kayasr', after the Palestinian villages that were conquered by the Haganah forces by the battle's end, ensued.[4][21] According to Morris, ""Wailing refugees fled to Shafa-Amr, spreading rumors of Jewish atrocities"".[20] According to Benvenisti, The Arab inhabitants who remained in the village following its conquest were evicted in the months following the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, as were the inhabitants of neighboring villages whose lands were coveted for Jewish settlement.[22] - A volunteer effort to restore the cemetery of the depopulated village of Hawsha was undertaken in 1994 and overseen by Al-Aqsa Association.[23] - A view of the cemetery shared by the villages of Hawsha and al-Kayasir prior their depopulation. - Another view of the cemetery. - Arabic inscription of a headstone for a grave in the cemetery which reads: ""In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful ... Il-Marhoum ('the mercifully departed') Hussein Abid [last name unclear] 1175 12 17."" -",2023-08-26 17:56:06 -"White House (Christianburg, Kentucky) - Wikipedia","The White House in Christianburg, Kentucky, also known as Otto Minch House, is a Gothic Revival building from before 1882, perhaps much before. It is of frame construction with brick nogging.[2] It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.[1] - It was deemed significant in part ""because it is a unique example of board and batten Gothic Revival in Shelby County."" It is unusual also for its side passage plan architecture in a rural residence.[2] - - This article about a property in Shelby County, Kentucky on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Louisville metro area-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:56:09 -Ontang - Wikipedia,"Ontang is a type of raft of the Sama-Bajau people of the Philippines. They resemble a miniature catamaran, with two bamboo floats about 1 m (3.3 ft) long connected by two bow-shaped booms. A platform made split bamboo is built on top of the booms. Ontang can be used for fishing, but they can also hold lanterns during night-time fishing. They are typically towed behind Sama-Bajau houseboats during travel, with the towing line commonly strung with baited fish hooks.[1] -",2023-08-26 17:56:12 -Kenneth Davis (American football) - Wikipedia," - Kenneth Earl Davis (born April 16, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the TCU Horned Frogs and was selected in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft. He played in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers (1986–1988) and the Buffalo Bills (1989–1994). - Before his NFL career, Davis played for Texas Christian University from 1982–1985. As a junior, he rushed for 1,611 yards (#3 in the NCAA) and 16 touchdowns, earning him a first-team selection on the College Football All-America Team. He also had the 5th most votes of all candidates for the Heisman Trophy that year. His 1,611 rushing yards were a school record, and remained so until LaDainian Tomlinson rushed for 1,850 yards in 1999. - He missed all but the first game of his senior season when he was suspended (along with six teammates) after confessing he received cash payments from boosters, but he finished his college career with an impressive 2,904 yards and 24 touchdowns. He left TCU second in school history in rushing yards and rushing touchdowns. - Considered a potential first-round draft pick in the 1986 NFL Draft by Mel Kiper and Gil Brandt,[1] Davis decided to join the NFL one year early after his suspension from TCU. However, he was denied as he had already played one game that year; under the ""Red Grange Rule"", players are not allowed to play college and NFL football in the same year. In an attempt to force the NFL to allow a special supplemental draft, Davis and agent Michael Trope prepared to sue the league for $13 million; Trope pointed to Florida State running back Roosevelt Snipes, who was kicked off the FSU roster before the 1985 season and was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the supplemental draft, as an exception to the rule.[2][3] - NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected Davis again and the league filed a counter-suit to ensure the Grange Rule was legal.[4] Davis accepted the ruling and tried to drop the case, but attorney Steven Knowles filed the suit anyway, unaware of Davis' decision.[5] After the matter was cleared, Davis waited until 1986 to enter the league, and he was selected by the Packers in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft.[6] - As a rookie, he was the team's leading rusher with 519 yards, returned 12 kickoffs for 231 yards, and caught 21 passes for 142 yards. In 1987, he was their leading rusher again, although he only rushed for 413 yards. Davis played only 9 games with the Packers in 1988 due to injuries, and signed with the Bills after the season ended. - With the Bills, Davis proved to be a superb complement to star running back Thurman Thomas, and a great asset to the team overall. In 1990, he rushed for 302 yards on just 64 carries (a 4.7 yards per carry average), caught 9 passes for 78 yards, and scored 5 touchdowns, assisting his team to Super Bowl XXV, where they lost to the New York Giants. In the game, Davis rushed for 4 yards and caught 2 passes for 23 yards. The following season, he rushed for 624 yards, caught 20 passes for 118 yards, returned 4 kickoffs for 73 yards, and assisted Buffalo to their second consecutive Super Bowl appearance. They lost Super Bowl XXVI to the Washington Redskins 37–24, but Davis had a good performance, leading the team with 17 rushing yards and catching 4 passes for 38 yards. He would get the start in that game, because star running back Thurman Thomas could not find his helmet.[7] - In 1992, Davis had the best season of his career. He rushed for 613 yards, caught 15 passes for 80 yards, returned 14 kickoffs for 251 yards, and scored a career-high 6 touchdowns. But he is best remembered for his superb performance in the post season. In Buffalo's wild card game against the Houston Oilers, Thomas was knocked out of the game early with a hip injury, and Houston built up a 28–3 first half lead. Then, they increased it to 35–3 early in the third quarter when backup quarterback Frank Reich's pass was intercepted and returned for a touchdown. But in what became known as The Comeback, Buffalo stormed back and won the game 41–38 in overtime; the rally from the 32-point deficit[8] was the largest comeback in NFL history. Davis was instrumental in the Bills victory, rushing for 68 yards, catching 2 passes for 25 yards, and scoring the first touchdown of the game for Buffalo. One week later, the Bills traveled on the road to face the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Divisional Playoffs, with Thomas back but playing hurt, Davis did a superb job carrying the offense, rushing for 104 yards and a touchdown on just 10 carries in the Bills 24–3 win. Then the Bills advanced to their 3rd consecutive Super Bowl by defeating the Miami Dolphins 29–10 in the AFC title game. Thomas had recovered enough to regain his spot on the starting lineup, but Davis was still a major factor in Buffalo's victory. He rushed for 61 yards and a touchdown while also catching 4 passes for 52 yards. The Bills lost Super Bowl XXVII 52–17, but Davis had a great game. He was the Bills leading rusher with 86 yards, while also catching 3 passes for 16 yards and returning a kickoff for 21 yards. - Davis was major contributor for Buffalo for the 1993 season as the team advanced to their 4th consecutive Super Bowl. He rushed for 391 yards, caught 21 passes for 95 yards, and gained 100 yards on kickoff returns. After his team lost Super Bowl XXVIII to the Dallas Cowboys 30–13, he spent one more season with Buffalo and then retired in 1995. - Davis finished his 9 NFL seasons with 823 carries for 3,513 rushing yards (4.3 yards per carry), 135 receptions for 878 yards, 42 kickoff returns for 707 yards, and 32 touchdowns (27 rushing and 5 receiving). He now is the Athletic Director and former head football coach at Bishop Dunne Catholic School in Dallas, Texas. -",2023-08-26 17:56:15 -Southern California Pro-Wrestling Hall of Fame - Wikipedia,"The Southern California Pro-Wrestling Hall of Fame was created in 2001 by wrestlers Cincinnati Red, Jason ""Primetime"" Peterson and Steven Bryant, it was dedicated in the memory of Louie Spicolli. The Hall of Fame was created with the mission to preserve and promote the history of professional wrestling in Southern California. It is currently hosted on the SoCal Uncensored website. - The 2010 induction ceremony took place at Mach 1 Wrestling's Hall of Fame Cup. Disco Machine and TARO accepted the award for Super Dragon who could not be there, and Joey Munoz accepted the award for Dynamite D who died in 2007.[1] Voting for the 2016 inductions took place in February 2016.[2] The 2017 induction ceremony took place on September 22, 2017 at a Santino Bros. Wrestling Academy event in Downey, CA.[3][4] The 2020 inductions were announced on April 10, 2020 but no induction ceremony was held due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[5] - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2010 - 2016 - 2017 - 2020 -",2023-08-26 17:56:18 -Driving etiquette - Wikipedia,"Driving etiquette refers to the unwritten or unspoken rules drivers follow.[1][2][3] The term dates back to the early 1900's and the use of horse-drawn carriages.[4] Driving etiquette typically involves being courteous and staying alert, which varies by vehicle, situation and location (e.g., etiquette for driving an F-1 race car[5] has different rules than driving an RV[6]). Failure to adhere to this behavior can cause an increased risk of legal consequences, road collisions, trauma and road rage.[7] - Driving etiquette can extend beyond in-vehicle actions:[8] When a courteous driver scrapes the fender or inflicts minor damage to a parked car without its owner present, he leaves a note giving his name, telephone number, and the name of his insurance company. If the owner is present, the courteous driver exchanges insurance information politely and contacts the proper authorities. Breaches in driving etiquette can often be addressed cordially with a simple and immediate expression of apology.[9] Its guiding principle is ""one good turn deserves another"",[10] and is considered a vital part of responsible driving.[11] -Speeding and aggressive driving, examples of poor driving etiquette, have been cited as negative factors related to rural highways.[12] Drivers need driving etiquette education to lower the risk of causing accidents.[13] - Motorists in the United States and northern Europe are described as ""predictably law-abiding"", while drivers in Russia and India are referred to as driving in a ""madcap road-rally style"".[14] - ""Many Chileans have tendency to speed, pull out of lanes without signaling, and rarely demonstrate driving etiquette when it comes to cyclists"".[15] - People have driven vehicles for well over 3,000 years in China.[16] -As a result, traffic can at times be chaotic, and some road courtesies are often ignored.[17] Taxi and bus drivers will commonly aim their vehicles at pedestrians in order to get them to move out of the way more quickly, with regular honking of car horns as the norm.[18] - In France, it is common for drivers to nudge other vehicles to fit into a tight parking space.[19] Alcohol limit: For drivers and riders that have less than three years of experience, the alcohol limit is 0.2 grams per liter.[20] - After analyzing the culture of German driving, ""taking all this into consideration, it is not surprising that the Germans developed a driving etiquette that varies from the American. The German driver is aggressive"".[21] - In Germany, it is common for a wedding parade to honk the vehicles horns en route. Drivers on the autobahn will flash their lights if a vehicle in front is driving too slowly.[19] - Loud honking, always ceding the way to vehicles traveling on uphill mountainous passes and passing on blind curves is considered normal driving etiquette in Guatemala.[22] - Hyderabad has ""what could be considered the worst driving etiquette in the country"".[23] - In Jamaica, drivers will honk their horn to say thank you if let out at a junction.[24] - It is considered good etiquette in Kenya to honk your horn to warn other vehicles of rocks or debris on the road ahead. Turn signals are commonly used to indicate if a driver wishes to be overtaken or not. At night, some drive with their right indicator on so as to show you the extended width of their cars to avoid collision on the narrow roads.[25] - Few Macedonians wear a seat belt, even though it is illegal not to in that country, or ""follow any form of land discipline and driving etiquette"".[26] - New Zealand drivers generally follow the road rules, it is acknowledged that driving etiquette could be improved.[27] Drivers observe lane lines and give way rules,[28] indicate changes of direction and (mostly) adhere to speed limits. Drivers are courteous and will allow other road users to merge but tend to be impatient. - Puerto Rico's driving ""tends towards mild anarchy"". Speeding past traffic on the shoulder of a road is ""perfectly acceptable"". After letting ambulances or police cars overtake them, it is common for drivers to heavily tailgate that car. ""Merging into a thoroughfare from a side road is simply a matter of nosing your automobile into traffic until a generous fellow traveler waves you in or until you force them to a screeching halt"".[14] - In Turkey, flashing of headlights is commonly used to indicate that the driver intends to go first.[29] - A ""strange but pleasant bit of South African driving etiquette"" involves ""pulling over onto the tarred hard shoulder to let the car behind overtake in safety"". This is done regardless of whether there is traffic or not. The overtaker is expected to flick their hazard lights as a sign of saying thanks.[30] - Recently, South Korea has improved its driving etiquette. It has been suggested that it is as if South Korea is learning how to be a modern country.[31] - In Spain, drivers flash their lights to warn other drivers they are about to conduct an overtaking maneuver.[32] - British driving etiquette includes: - Although the Highway Code advises against flashing a vehicle's lights in most situations, many drivers use it to communicate with other drivers, such as to let them in to a stream of traffic. Due to this disconnect between rules and practice, some scammers use flashing lights to scam other drivers for insurance money, by making them think they are being let out.[33] - 72% of Americans believe that driving etiquette has declined over the last 10 years; however, nowhere near enough to be considered as chaotic as in countries like Russia and India.[34] - The following acts are commonly cited as examples of poor driving etiquette.[35][36] - - - - - - - - - - - - - Although in some cases they pose no actual threat or danger, some actions are seen as unpleasant or pet peeves and thus classified as bad driving etiquette. - Ed Janicki of the October 1981 issue of Scouting, cites the following as driving pet peeves:[40] - Vicky DeCoster, author of The Wacky World of Womanhood, cites ""driving around the parking lot for an hour in order to get the closest spot"" and insinuating that constantly pressing down on the pedal counts as exercise as driving pet peeve of hers.[41] - The poem ""Car Complaints and Pet Peeves"", by Michael Burdick, expresses the perspective of a car which explains how certain pet peeves cause it to ""rust"" and ""overheat"" etc. The piece mentions the following as driving pet peeves:[42] -",2023-08-26 17:56:21 -Real Education - Wikipedia,"Real Education: Four Simple Truths for Bringing America's Schools Back to Reality is a 2008 book by Charles Murray.[1] He wrote the book to challenge the ""Educational romanticism [which] asks too much from students at the bottom of the intellectual pile, asks the wrong things from those in the middle, and asks too little from those at the top.""[2] - Murray claims that there are ""four simple truths"" about education: - Critic Michael J. Feuer, writing in Issues in Science and Technology, in addition to Murray's ""four simple truths"", sees ""an equally simplistic proposal:... [that] privatization will fix the schools.""[3] - When New York Times interviewer Deborah Solomon said, ""I believe that given the opportunity, most people could do most anything,"" Murray responded, ""You're out of touch with reality in that regard.""[4] - Times critic Charles McGrath defends the current educational system: And yet for all its sloppiness, the present arrangement seems preferable to what Mr. Murray proposes: a vast system of certification exams whereby instead of going to college and sitting through courses in the history of rock 'n' roll or the comic book, you bone up on your chosen profession—law, accounting, social work, whatever—and pass a test. This would surely give rise to a cram-school industry that would dwarf even the current SAT-prep business and that, like the SAT, would unfairly reward the well off and those savvy enough to game the system.[5] -President of St. John's College, Annapolis, Christopher B. Nelson, in what he called his ""version of educational romanticism,"" agreed with some of Murray's premises but challenged his conclusions: Of course ability varies and half the children are below average. Indeed, we should not set the college degree as our gold standard for success in life. We should teach people how to better make a living and to respect the work of the craftsmen and technicians among us. We should not stigmatize those Mr. Murray calls the ""forgotten half."" But neither should we abandon our efforts to provide each of our citizens with an opportunity to have the education that is required to keep us all watchful, wakeful protectors of our personal and political freedoms.[6]",2023-08-26 17:56:25 -List of high commissioners of the United Kingdom to Papua New Guinea - Wikipedia," - - -The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Papua New Guinea is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. - Papua New Guinea gained independence (from Australia) in 1975. The new state chose to be a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, so the UK's diplomatic representative is a High Commissioner rather than an ambassador. - [1]=== -",2023-08-26 17:56:28 -Siv Kladenets - Wikipedia,"Siv Kladenets is a village in the municipality of Ivaylovgrad, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria.[1] It was known as ""Gökçepınar"" during Ottoman rule and was taken present name in 1934 (According to Bulgarian Wikipedia of Siv Kladenets)[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°25′N 26°10′E / 41.417°N 26.167°E / 41.417; 26.167 - This Haskovo Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:56:31 -John Borland - Wikipedia," - John Robert Borland (born 28 January 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He made a total of three appearances in the Football League for Burnley and Scunthorpe United before moving into non-League football. - As a youngster, Borland spent five years with Preston North End in the club's Centre of Excellence. He later joined Burnley, where he captained the youth team in the victory over Manchester City in the final of the Lancashire FA Youth Cup in 1995. The same summer he was awarded his first professional contract and he made his senior debut for the club in the League Cup tie against Mansfield Town on 15 August 1995. Borland played his only league match for Burnley the following month, covering for the unavailable Adrian Randall in the 1–1 draw away at York City. His last appearance for the Lancashire side came as a substitute in the 1–3 home defeat to Walsall in the first round of the FA Cup on 10 November 1995.[1] - Borland was placed on the transfer list by Burnley manager Adrian Heath in the summer of 1996 and subsequently joined Third Division outfit Scunthorpe United on a free transfer. He made his debut for the side on 14 September, coming on as a substitute for Mark Gavin in the 0–1 loss against Cardiff City. Borland again struggled to break into the first team and played only once more for Scunthorpe before being released at the end of the season. A career in non-league football followed; he signed for Accrington Stanley ahead of the 1997–98 season and spent 18 months with the club before being released after the arrival of new manager Wayne Harrison in January 1999.[2] After spending several months without a club, Borland joined North West Counties League side Rossendale United along with fellow former Accrington players Glenn Little and Paul Daughtry.[3] Borland was a regular starter for Rossendale during his first year at the club, but then suffered a back injury which limited his appearances and eventually forced him to announce his retirement from football in November 2001.[4] - During the next three years, Borland played amateur football in the West Riding League before returning to the semi-professional game with Colne, signing for the club along with ex-Burnley forward Andy Payton during the 2004 close season.[5] However, his stay at Holt House was brief as he joined Northern Premier League First Division side Chorley two months into the campaign.[6] He left the club the following summer and spent the 2005–06 season as captain of Liversedge.[7] Borland signed for Brigg Town in August 2006 after training with the team during the pre-season,[8][9] and remained with the club until the end of the 2008–09 campaign. -",2023-08-26 17:56:35 -Onanole - Wikipedia,"Onanole is a community the Municipality of Harrison Park in Manitoba, Canada, popular as a summer colony. - Onanole is located in southwest Manitoba, at the south entrance to Riding Mountain National Park. It sits roughly 105 km (65 mi) due north of the city of Brandon, and 135 km (84 mi) east of the Saskatchewan border. - The community was first recognized when a post office opened in 1928, with Neil W. Tracy as postmaster. The name was suggested by Tracy, after the Onanole Hotel in the Adirondack Mountains in northeastern New York, similarly situated ""on a knoll"".[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas50°37′21″N 99°58′05″W / 50.62250°N 99.96806°W / 50.62250; -99.96806 - This Manitoba location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:56:38 -V. Lewis Kofford - Wikipedia,"V. Lewis Kofford (born 1939)[1] is a former Mormon media executive who founded Covenant Communications and Seagull Book & Tape and was President and CEO when he sold them to Deseret Book in 2006.[2] - Kofford started his business enterprises with Covenant Recording, Inc. in 1975. The business actually predated his entering it, but when he did it was a very small operation. This company specialized in production and distribution of tapes and records, primarily Mormon and other Christian music, but also dramatizations of Book of Mormon stories. By 1979 Covenant was providing materials to stores in 15 countries.[3] - In 1984 this endeavor was reconstituted as Covenant Communications. In 1987 a direct distribution outlet was added, Seagull Book & Tape. - - This article about an American businessperson born in the 1930s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:56:41 -Vlad Achim - Wikipedia," - Vlad Alexandru Achim (born 7 April 1989) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club FC U Craiova 1948. - Achim spent most of his professional career with Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț, for which he appeared in 162 first division matches between 2008 and 2015. Among others, he also represented FCSB and Viitorul Constanța, where he won three domestic trophies combined. - On 8 December 2016, Achim scored his first goal in European competitions in a UEFA Europa League group stage 1–2 loss of FC Steaua București to Villarreal.[1] - In 2018, he rejoined Viitorul Constanța.[2] - On 18 August 2020, Achim signed a two-years contract with Dinamo București.[3] - Achim got his first call-up to the senior Romania squad in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying against Greece in September 2014,[4] but did not register his debut. - Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț - FCSB - Viitorul Constanța - -",2023-08-26 17:56:44 -Zakučac Hydroelectric Power Plant - Wikipedia,"Zakučac Hydroelectric Power Plant is a large power plant in Croatia that has four turbines with a nominal capacity of 122 MW each[1] having a total capacity of 488 MW. - It is a high-pressure diversion plant located at the Cetina River mouth into the sea, near the city of Omiš. - It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.[2] - - - This article about a Croatian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a hydroelectric power plant is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:56:48 -ioctl - Wikipedia," -In computing, ioctl (an abbreviation of input/output control) is a system call for device-specific input/output operations and other operations which cannot be expressed by regular system calls. It takes a parameter specifying a request code; the effect of a call depends completely on the request code. Request codes are often device-specific. For instance, a CD-ROM device driver which can instruct a physical device to eject a disc would provide an ioctl request code to do so. Device-independent request codes are sometimes used to give userspace access to kernel functions which are only used by core system software or still under development. - The ioctl system call first appeared in Version 7 of Unix under that name. It is supported by most Unix and Unix-like systems, including Linux and macOS, though the available request codes differ from system to system. Microsoft Windows provides a similar function, named ""DeviceIoControl"", in its Win32 API. - Conventional operating systems can be divided into two layers, userspace and the kernel. Application code such as a text editor resides in userspace, while the underlying facilities of the operating system, such as the network stack, reside in the kernel. Kernel code handles sensitive resources and implements the security and reliability barriers between applications; for this reason, user mode applications are prevented by the operating system from directly accessing kernel resources. - Userspace applications typically make requests to the kernel by means of system calls, whose code lies in the kernel layer. A system call usually takes the form of a ""system call vector"", in which the desired system call is indicated with an index number. For instance, exit() might be system call number 1, and write() number 4. The system call vector is then used to find the desired kernel function for the request. In this way, conventional operating systems typically provide several hundred system calls to the userspace. - Though an expedient design for accessing standard kernel facilities, system calls are sometimes inappropriate for accessing non-standard hardware peripherals. By necessity, most hardware peripherals (aka devices) are directly addressable only within the kernel. But user code may need to communicate directly with devices; for instance, an administrator might configure the media type on an Ethernet interface. Modern operating systems support diverse devices, many of which offer a large collection of facilities. Some of these facilities may not be foreseen by the kernel designer, and as a consequence it is difficult for a kernel to provide system calls for using the devices. - To solve this problem, the kernel is designed to be extensible, and may accept an extra module called a device driver which runs in kernel space and can directly address the device. An ioctl interface is a single system call by which userspace may communicate with device drivers. Requests on a device driver are vectored with respect to this ioctl system call, typically by a handle to the device and a request number. The basic kernel can thus allow the userspace to access a device driver without knowing anything about the facilities supported by the device, and without needing an unmanageably large collection of system calls. - A common use of ioctl is to control hardware devices. - For example, on Win32 systems, ioctl calls can communicate with USB devices, or they can discover drive-geometry information of the attached storage-devices. - On OpenBSD and NetBSD, ioctl is used by the bio(4) pseudo-device driver and the bioctl utility to implement RAID volume management in a unified vendor-agnostic interface similar to ifconfig.[1][2] - On NetBSD, ioctl is also used by the sysmon framework.[3] - One use of ioctl in code exposed to end-user applications is terminal I/O. - Unix operating systems have traditionally made heavy use of command-line interfaces. The Unix command-line interface is built on pseudo terminals (ptys), which emulate hardware text terminals such as VT100s. A pty is controlled and configured as if it were a hardware device, using ioctl calls. For instance, the window size of a pty is set using the TIOCSWINSZ call. The TIOCSTI (terminal I/O control, simulate terminal input) ioctl function can push a character into a device stream.[4] - When applications need to extend the kernel, for instance to accelerate network processing, ioctl calls provide a convenient way to bridge userspace code to kernel extensions. Kernel extensions can provide a location in the filesystem that can be opened by name, through which an arbitrary number of ioctl calls can be dispatched, allowing the extension to be programmed without adding system calls to the operating system. - -According to an OpenBSD developer, ioctl and sysctl are the two system calls for extending the kernel, with sysctl possibly being the simpler of the two.[5] - In NetBSD, the sysmon_envsys framework for hardware monitoring uses ioctl through proplib; whereas OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD instead use sysctl for their corresponding hw.sensors framework. The original revision of envsys in NetBSD was implemented with ioctl before proplib was available, and had a message suggesting that the framework is experimental, and should be replaced by a sysctl(8) interface, should one be developed,[6][7] which potentially explains the choice of sysctl in OpenBSD with its subsequent introduction of hw.sensors in 2003. However, when the envsys framework was redesigned in 2007 around proplib, the system call remained as ioctl, and the message was removed.[8] - The ioctl system call first appeared in Version 7 Unix, as a renamed stty.[9] An ioctl call takes as parameters: - The kernel generally dispatches an ioctl call straight to the device driver, which can interpret the request number and data in whatever way required. The writers of each driver document request numbers for that particular driver and provide them as constants in a header file. - Some Unix systems, including Linux, have conventions which encode within the request number the size of the data to be transferred to/from the device driver, the direction of the data transfer and the identity of the driver implementing the request. Regardless of whether such a convention is followed, the kernel and the driver collaborate to deliver a uniform error code (denoted by the symbolic constant ENOTTY) to an application which makes a request of a driver which does not recognise it. - The mnemonic ENOTTY (traditionally associated with the textual message ""Not a typewriter"") derives from the earliest systems that incorporated an ioctl call, where only the teletype (tty) device raised this error. Though the symbolic mnemonic is fixed by compatibility requirements, some modern systems more helpfully render a more general message such as ""Inappropriate device control operation"" (or a localization thereof). - TCSETS exemplifies an ioctl call on a serial port. The normal read and write calls on a serial port receive and send data bytes. An ioctl(fd,TCSETS,data) call, separate from such normal I/O, controls various driver options like handling of special characters, or the output signals on the port (such as the DTR signal). - A Win32 DeviceIoControl takes as parameters: - The Win32 device control code takes into consideration the mode of the operation being performed. - There are 4 defined modes of operation, impacting the security of the device driver - - Devices and kernel extensions may be linked to userspace using additional new system calls, although this approach is rarely taken, because operating system developers try to keep the system call interface focused and efficient. - On Unix operating systems, two other vectored call interfaces are popular: the fcntl (""file control"") system call configures open files, and is used in situations such as enabling non-blocking I/O; and the setsockopt (""set socket option"") system call configures open network sockets, a facility used to configure the ipfw packet firewall on BSD Unix systems. - Netlink is a socket-like mechanism for inter-process communication (IPC), designed to be a more flexible successor to ioctl. - ioctl calls minimize the complexity of the kernel's system call interface. However, by providing a place for developers to ""stash"" bits and pieces of kernel programming interfaces, ioctl calls complicate the overall user-to-kernel API. A kernel that provides several hundred system calls may provide several thousand ioctl calls. - Though the interface to ioctl calls appears somewhat different from conventional system calls, there is in practice little difference between an ioctl call and a system call; an ioctl call is simply a system call with a different dispatching mechanism. Many of the arguments against expanding the kernel system call interface could therefore be applied to ioctl interfaces. - To application developers, system calls appear no different from application subroutines; they are simply function calls that take arguments and return values. The runtime libraries of the OS mask the complexity involved in invoking system calls. Unfortunately, runtime libraries do not make ioctl calls as transparent. Simple operations like discovering the IP addresses for a machine often require tangled messes of ioctl calls, each requiring magic numbers and argument structures.[citation needed] - Libpcap and libdnet are two examples of third-party wrapper Unix libraries designed to mask the complexity of ioctl interfaces, for packet capture and packet I/O, respectively. - The user-to-kernel interfaces of mainstream operating systems are often audited heavily for code flaws and security vulnerabilities prior to release. These audits typically focus on the well-documented system call interfaces; for instance, auditors might ensure that sensitive security calls such as changing user IDs are only available to administrative users. - ioctl interfaces are more complicated, more diverse, and thus harder to audit than system calls. Furthermore, because ioctl calls can be provided by third-party developers, often after the core operating system has been released, ioctl call implementations may receive less scrutiny and thus harbor more vulnerabilities. Finally, many ioctl calls, particularly for third-party device drivers, are undocumented. - Because the handler for an ioctl call resides directly in kernel mode, the input from userspace should be validated carefully. Vulnerabilities in device drivers can be exploited by local users by passing invalid buffers to ioctl calls. - Win32 and Unix operating systems can protect a userspace device name from access by applications with specific access controls applied to the device. Security problems can arise when device driver developers do not apply appropriate access controls to the userspace accessible object. - Some modern operating systems protect the kernel from hostile userspace code (such as applications that have been infected by buffer overflow exploits) using system call wrappers. System call wrappers implement role-based access control by specifying which system calls can be invoked by which applications; wrappers can, for instance, be used to ""revoke"" the right of a mail program to spawn other programs. ioctl interfaces complicate system call wrappers because there are large numbers of them, each taking different arguments, some of which may be required by normal programs. -",2023-08-26 17:56:51 -Greek frigate Salamis - Wikipedia,"The Greek frigate Salamis (F-455) (Greek: Φ/Γ ΣΑΛΑΜΙΣ) is the fourth ship of the Greek Hydra frigate class. It is based on the Blohm + Voss MEKO 200 frigate class and was built by Hellenic Shipyards Co. at Skaramagas. It is the third ship of the Hellenic Navy to be named after Salamis Island and the famous Battle of Salamis, the first being the uncompleted dreadnought Salamis. - - This article related to the military of Greece is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:56:54 -Fósforos de Oxford - Wikipedia,"Fósforos de Oxford (Portuguese for Matches from Oxford) is the only album by Brazilian post-punk band Cabine C. It was released in 1986 by RPM Discos, which was founded by Paulo Ricardo and Luiz Schiavon of RPM. It was the only album to be released by the label, which closed in 1987 after RPM's first break-up.[1] - Most of the album's lyrics are based on works by Edgar Allan Poe; for example, ""Pânico e Solidão"" was based on his 1838 novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket,[2] and ""A Queda do Solar de Usher"" shares its name with Poe's eponymous 1839 short story. - The album was never re-released in CD form, and is very rare and difficult to obtain; however, it is available for free download on Ciro Pessoa's official SoundCloud page, and the track ""Tão Perto"" was included in the 2005 compilation of Brazilian post-punk music The Sexual Life of the Savages. In 2019, the album was re-issued digitally in all streaming media platforms by Curumim Records. - In its 1987 issue, magazine Bizz gave the album a positive review, favorably comparing Cabine C to British band Magazine.[3] - All lyrics are written by Ciro Pessoa; all music is composed by Cabine C",2023-08-26 17:56:58 -Randolph Strickland - Wikipedia,"Randolph Strickland (February 4, 1823 – May 5, 1880) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. - Strickland was born in Dansville, New York and attended the common schools. He moved to Michigan in 1844 and taught school in Ingham County. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1849 and commenced practice in DeWitt, Michigan. He moved to St. John's and continued the practice of law. He was elected prosecuting attorney for Clinton County in 1852, 1854, 1856, 1858, and 1862. - Strickland served as a member of the Michigan Senate from the 22nd district in 1861 and 1862 and provost marshal of the sixth congressional district from 1863 to 1865. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1856 and 1868. - In 1868, Strickland was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 6th congressional district to the 41st Congress, serving from March 4, 1869 to March 3, 1871. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-nomination in 1870. - Strickland was the father of Martha Strickland Clark, who graduated from the law school of the University of Michigan in 1883 and was the first woman to argue a case before the Michigan Supreme Court. - Randolph Strickland resumed the practice of law and died at the age of 57 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He is interred in DeWitt Cemetery of DeWitt. -",2023-08-26 17:57:03 -Dámaso Berenguer - Wikipedia," - Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté, 1st Count of Xauen (4 August 1873 – 19 May 1953) was a Spanish general and politician. He served as Prime Minister during the last thirteen months of the reign of Alfonso XIII. - Berenguer was born in San Juan de los Remedios, Cuba, while the island was a Spanish administrative division. - He enlisted in the army in 1889, served in Cuba and Morocco. - He served in the Second Melillan campaign, taking part in the action of the Barranco del Lobo (1909).[1] - He founded the Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas on 30 June 1911 and fought in the ensuing Kert campaign, leading the action that killed Riffian leader Mohamed Ameziane in 1912,[2] bringing the end of the campaign. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1916, and, in 1918, to division general.[3] - In 1918, he was appointed Minister of War under Prime Minister Manuel García Prieto. - He was appointed January 1919 as High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco. He proceeded to occupy Chaouen on 14 October 1920,[4] and Berenguer, one of the leading protegees of Alfonso XIII in Africa along Manuel Fernández Silvestre,[5] was granted the noble title of Count of Xauen in reward. - The disaster for the Spanish Army in Morocco in the summer of 1921, which included the defeat at the Battle of Annual and the ensuing slaughter of about 2,000 Spanish soldiers in Monte Arruit, murdered by the Riffians after their surrender, delivered a coup de grâce to the regime of the Restoration.[6][7] The armed forces was deeply divided between africanistas vs. junteros and responsibilists vs. impunists.[5] Berenguer sanctioned the use of chemical weapons against civilians during the Rif War, stating in a telegram to the War Minister in August 1921 that ""I have been obstinately refractary to the use of suffocating gases against these indigenous peoples but after what they have done, and of their treacherous and deceptive conduct, I have to use them with true joy.""[8] - After three previous rejected attempts to hand in his resignation as High Commissioner, he finally did so by mid 1922.[9] An official investigation carried out by General Picasso had already been opened to determine responsibility for the disastrous military strategy vis-à-vis the 1921 collapse, and Berenguer, in his capacity as High Commissioner, found himself among those martialled.[clarification needed][9] - Amid the structural collapse of the Restoration regime, by the summer of 1923, plotting took place in the military. In September 1923 a pronunciamiento by Miguel Primo de Rivera took place in Barcelona, bringing the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, as the King appointed the former as Prime Minister after the success of the coup d'état. Primo de Rivera, previously associated with pro-abandonment (abandonista) stances vis-à-vis Morocco had been counterintuitively supported in his coup by the Cuadrilátero [es],[10] a quad of Africanist generals in Madrid vying for stronger interventionism in Morocco that included Federico [es], the brother of Dámaso. Yet, ultimately, despite their differences, they shared the same contempt for what they thought to be persecution of the military by the government due to Annual.[11] - Despite attempts to bring the process to a halt by Primo de Rivera (he even attempted to confiscate the report),[11] the trial on the performance of Berenguer and Navarro began on 16 June 1924.[12] Attempting to pander to the military, Primo de Rivera amnestied Berenguer.[13] - In 1926, Berenguer became Chief of Staff of the Military House of the King, a post conventionally destined to burned-out generals liked by King Alfonso XIII in order to move them away from the spotlight for a time.[5] - In January 1930, following the forced resignation of Primo de Rivera, Alfonso XIII tasked Berenguer with the formation of a government seeking to restore the country to its pre-1923 state, as if nothing had happened in between.[14] During his mandate as prime minister, Berenguer repealed some of the harsher measures introduced by Primo de Rivera, earning his regime the nickname dictablanda (the toothless dictatorship, blanda meaning soft, as opposed to the preceding dictadura, dura being the Spanish word for hard). - He also faced a number of problems, such as increasing demands for the abolition of the monarchy, disorganisation among the country's political parties after seven years of repression making the calling of prompt elections an impossible task, labour unrest, and at least one military uprising. One of the last straws nailing the coffin of the monarchist regime was an article titled ""el error Berenguer"" (the Berenguer mistake), authored by Ortega y Gasset in El Sol, which famously ended with ""Delenda est monarchia"".[15][16] - Berenguer resigned as prime minister on 14 February 1931; he was replaced by Admiral Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas, under whom he served as Minister of War. Two months later, King Alfonso XIII fled the country and the Republic was declared. Berenguer was tried on his performance in Morocco and irregularities in the repression of the 1930 Jaca uprising. He was cleared in 1935 and retired from public life. He played no relevant role in the July 1936 uprising that led to the Spanish Civil War.[17] - Berenguer died in Madrid in 1953.[16] -",2023-08-26 17:57:07 -1974 in sports - Wikipedia," -1974 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. - Men's professional - Men's amateur - Women's professional - Steeplechases - Flat races -",2023-08-26 17:57:10 -Kenneth Claiborne Royall Jr. - Wikipedia,"Kenneth Claiborne Royall Jr. (September 2, 1918 – June 5, 1999) was an American politician and businessman. - Born in Warsaw, North Carolina, Royall was the son of Margaret Pierce (née Best) and Kenneth C. Royall Sr., the last Secretary of War and first Secretary of the Army. Royall graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He went to Wake Forest University School of Law and the University of Virginia Law School. He served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. Royall owned a furniture store in Durham, North Carolina. He served on the Durham County School Board. Royall then served in the North Carolina House of Representatives (1967–1973) and then the North Carolina State Senate (1973–1993) as a Democrat. In the Senate, he was majority leader and chairman of the Appropriations committee, and he advocated for mental health and blindness prevention. The state-supported Kenneth C. Royall Jr. Children's Vision Screening Improvement Program is named in his honor.[1] He was key to the formation of the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics and to the Royall Center for the Arts, both in Durham. - He died in Durham, North Carolina on June 5, 1999, at the age of 80.[2][3] Kenneth Royall's wife, Julia, died in Durham, North Carolina on November 30, 1995, at age 71. They were interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Durham, North Carolina. - - This article about a North Carolina politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:57:14 -Unstable angina - Wikipedia,"Unstable angina (UA, USA) is a type of angina pectoris[1] that is irregular or more easily provoked.[2] It is classified as a type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).[3] - It can be difficult to distinguish unstable angina from non-ST elevation (non-Q wave) myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).[4][5] They differ primarily in whether the ischemia is severe enough to cause sufficient damage to the heart's muscular cells to release detectable quantities of a marker of injury, typically troponin T or troponin I.[4][6] Unstable angina is considered to be present in patients with ischemic symptoms suggestive of an ACS and no change in troponin levels, with or without ECG changes indicative of ischemia (e.g., ST segment depression or transient elevation or new T wave inversion).[4] - Symptoms of unstable angina are the same as those of stable angina, however the pattern of the symptoms changes.[7] In unstable angina, symptoms related to decreased blood flow to the heart may appear on rest or on minimal exertion.[4] The symptoms can last longer than those in stable angina, can be resistant to rest or medicine, and can get worse over time.[7][8] - The cardinal symptom of critically decreased blood flow to the heart is chest pain, experienced as tightness, pressure, or burning.[5] Localisation is most commonly around or over the chest and may radiate or be located to the arm, shoulder, neck, back, upper abdomen, or jaw.[5] This may be associated with sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath.[5] Previously the word ""atypical"" was used to describe chest pain not typically heart-related, however this word is recommended against and has been replaced by ""noncardiac"" to describe chest pain that indicate a low likelihood of heart-related pain.[5] - The pathophysiology of unstable angina is controversial. Previously, unstable angina was assumed to be angina pectoris caused by disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque with partial thrombosis and possibly embolization or vasospasm leading to myocardial ischemia.[9][10] However, sensitive troponin assays reveal rise of cardiac troponin in the bloodstream with episodes of even mild myocardial ischemia.[11] Since unstable angina is assumed to occur in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia without troponin release, the concept of unstable angina is being questioned with some calling for retiring the term altogether.[12] - Unstable angina is characterized by at least one of the following: - Fifty percent of people with unstable angina will have evidence of necrosis of the heart's muscular cells based on elevated cardiac serum markers such as creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK)-MB and troponin T or troponin I, and thus have a diagnosis of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).[15][16] - Nitroglycerin can be used immediately to dilate the venous system and reduce the circulating blood volume, therefore reducing the work and oxygen demand of the heart.[17][18] In addition, nitroglycerin causes peripheral venous and artery dilation reducing cardiac preload and afterload. These reductions allow for decreased stress on the heart and therefore lower the oxygen demand of the heart's muscle cells.[19] - Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel can reduce platelet aggregation at the unstable atherosclerotic plaque, as well as combining these with an anticoagulant such as a low molecular weight heparin, can reduce clot formation.[20] -",2023-08-26 17:57:17 -Triamcinolone acetonide - Wikipedia," - Triamcinolone acetonide, sold under the brand name Kenalog among others, is a synthetic corticosteroid medication used topically to treat various skin conditions,[12] to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores, and by injection into joints to treat various joint conditions. It is also injected into lesions to treat inflammation in some parts of the body, particularly the skin. In nasal spray form, it is used to treat allergic rhinitis. It is used for the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis.[10] It is a more potent derivative of triamcinolone, and is about eight times as potent as prednisone.[13] - Most forms of triamcinolone acetonide are prescription drugs. In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made triamcinolone acetonide an over-the-counter drug in the United States in nasal spray form under the brand name Nasacort.[13] It is available as a generic medication.[14] - Triamcinolone acetonide as an intra-articular injectable has been used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. When applied to the skin as a topical ointment, it is used to mitigate blistering from poison ivy, oak, and sumac.[citation needed] When combined with nystatin, it is used to treat skin infections with discomfort from fungus, though it should not be used on the eyes.[15] It provides relatively immediate relief and is used before using oral prednisone. Oral and dental paste preparations are used for treating aphthous ulcers. - As an intravitreal injection, triamcinolone acetonide has been used to treat various eye diseases and has been found useful in reducing macular edema.[16] Drug trials have found it to be as efficient as anti-VEGF drugs in eyes with artificial lenses over a two-year period. A systematic review did not find any evidence of any benefit in preventing vision loss in eyes treated with triamcinolone acetonide over placebo, for patients with age-related macular degeneration.[17] - Triamcinolone acetonide is also administered via intralesional injection in the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars.[18][19] - Evidence suggests that usage of triamcinolone acetonide or other steroids to treat macular edema increases the risk of increasing intraocular pressure in patients.[20] - Triamcinolone acetonide should not be used by those with tuberculosis or untreated fungal, bacterial, systemic viral or herpes simplex infections without consulting a doctor first. - Triamcinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid. It is specifically a glucocorticoid, or an agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor, that is about five times as potent as cortisol. It has very little mineralocorticoid effects.[21] The affinities of triamcinolone acetonide for the androgen and estrogen receptors are both <0.1% (relative to testosterone and estradiol).[22] However, triamcinolone acetonide has 15% of the affinity of progesterone for the progesterone receptor.[22] In relation to this, triamcinolone acetonide can produce endocrine side effects like ovulation inhibition and menstrual irregularities.[23][24][25] - Triamcinolone acetonide, also known as 9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyprednisolone 16α,17α-acetonide or as 9α-fluoro-11β,16α-17α,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone, is a synthetic halogenated cyclic ketal pregnane corticosteroid.[26] It is the C16α,17α acetonide of triamcinolone.[26] - Triamcinolone acetonide is also used in veterinary medicine as an ingredient in topical ointments and in topical sprays for control of pruritus in dogs.[27] - -A series of injections with triamcinolone acetonide or another corticosteroid may reduce keloid size and irritation. It is used as a preinductor and/or inductor of birth in cows. It was also used in the horse racing industry, but it is now a banned substance if found in a horse's system on race day.[28]",2023-08-26 17:57:20 -Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport - Wikipedia," - Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport is a Belgian football club based in Sint-Eloois-Winkel, West Flanders. The club play their home games at Sportpark Terschueren. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kits, are red and black. Formed in 1940, the club has spent most of its existence in the provincial tiers. It has matricule number 4408, and is part of the Royal Belgian Football Association (KBVB). - The club was founded as Voetbalclub Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport in 1940, during the Second World War. Initially, they played in the Catholic Flemish Sports Association, a league that competed with the Royal Belgian Football Association (KBVB). In 1946, they joined the KBVB as Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport and started out in the Belgian Provincial Leagues. The club moved through the provincial leagues and from 1964 to 1983 they played in Eerste Provinciale – the highest provincial tier – for 19 consecutive years. After that, however, the club declined somewhat, until they even had to fight for retention in the Third Provincial division. In the mid-90s, however, the club would rose through the ranks again. At its 50th anniversary in 1991, the club became ""royal"", adding koninklijke to their name.[2][3] - In 1995, Winkel Sport won the title of the Third Provincial and was promoted to Second Provincial again. Two years later, in 1997, they could also return to Eerste Provinciale. Another two years later, in 1999, they also took second place in Eerste Provinciale, again behind Wervik.[4] However, due to the merger of KSK Roeselare and KFC Roeselare to K.S.V. Roeselare in the national division, an extra spot became available, and Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport were able to promote through this. For the first time the club reached one of the national tiers.[5] - Sint-Eloois-Winkel made its debut in Belgian Fourth Division with a fifth place. The second season was more difficult, but in its third season in Fourth Division, the club finished third and was allowed to go to the play-offs for the first time. Verbroedering Meerhout proved too strong there.[2] The club also held its own in the following seasons and usually ended in upper half of the league table. In 2007, Winkel Sport finished second and therefore qualified for play-offs again. After a win against K. Lyra, they were eliminated this time by La Louvière. In 2008, they ended up at the top again. Winkel Sport had finished with the same number of points as SC Wielsbeke, but with a worse goal difference. Wielsbeke thus became champion, Sint-Eloois-Winkel missed out on the title, but again qualified for play-offs. After a win over Sporting Hasselt, however, they were also eliminated there again, this time by RFC Union La Calamine.[6] In 2008–09, Winkel Sport competed for the title for the third year in a row, but for the third time in a row they ended in second place. And as with the previous years, this time too, it was not possible to force promotion through the play-offs. This time, the team was eliminated by Sporting Hasselt.[7][8] - In 2014, the club won in the final play-off round against OMS Ingelmunster and KVK Westhoek, but lost to KSC Grimbergen.[9] However, due to the bankruptcy of RWDM Brussels, an extra place in Belgian Third Division became available, so that Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport reached promotion nonetheless.[10] - In April 2019, Sint-Eloois-Winkel Sport won promotion to the Belgian First Amateur Division after finishing first in their division.[11] - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. -",2023-08-26 17:57:24 -Cornelis Tromp - Wikipedia,"Cornelis Maartenszoon Tromp, Count of Sølvesborg (3 September 1629 – 29 May 1691) was a Dutch naval officer who served as lieutenant-admiral general in the Dutch Navy, and briefly as a general admiral in the Royal Danish-Norwegian Navy. Tromp fought in the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Scanian War. His father was Lieutenant Admiral Maarten Tromp. - Cornelis Maartenszoon Tromp was born on 9 September 1629,[1] in Rotterdam,[2] in the historically dominant county of Holland. He was the second son of Maarten Tromp and Dina Cornelisdochter de Haas. His name Maartenszoon, sometimes abbreviated to Maartensz, is a patronymic. He had two full brothers, Harper and Johan.[3] - In 1633, when he was only four years old, his mother died. His father remarried in 1634, and again in 1640. The two marriages brought Tromp four half brothers and five half sisters.[4] His father had made career as an officer for the Admiralty of the Maze. After a conflict with Lieutenant Admiral Philips van Dorp in 1634, Maarten Tromp left the fleet starting to work as a deacon.[5] After Van Dorp was removed from his position[4] in 1637, his father became lieutenant admiral and supreme commander of the Dutch Navy. - In 1642, Tromp was sent to Harfleur, France, to learn to speak French from a Calvinist preacher.[6] - On 1 September 1643, he joined his father on his flagship the Aemilia.[7] In September 1645, he was appointed as lieutenant and commanded a small squadron charged to pursue the Barbary pirates.[8] On 22 August 1649, he was made a full captain. He served in the First Anglo-Dutch War, fighting in the battle of Leghorn, but was not given command of the Mediterranean fleet after the death of Johan van Galen, only being promoted to rear admiral with the Admiralty of de Maze on 11 November 1653, after the death of his beloved father, Maarten.[citation needed] - In 1656, he participated in the relief of Gdańsk. In 1658, it was discovered he had used his ships to trade in luxury goods; as a result he was fined and not allowed to have an active command until 1662. Just before the Second Anglo-Dutch War, he was promoted to vice admiral on 29 January 1665; at the battle of Lowestoft, he prevented total catastrophe by taking over fleet command to allow the escape of the larger part of the fleet.[9] - Gaining sudden popularity, he was temporarily given supreme command as lieutenant admiral of the confederate fleet on 23 July 1665, but had to give up this function (but not rank) the next month in favour of Lieutenant Admiral Michiel de Ruyter; he fought, having been transferred to the Admiralty of Amsterdam on 6 February 1666, under the latter in the Four Days Battle and the St. James's Day Battle. - As this failure off Nieuwpoort in August 1666 was imputed to him by De Ruyter, he was dismissed, at the same time, being under the suspicion of plotting to overthrow the government, but he was reinstated in April 1673 by William of Orange,[8] after the Orangists seized power, to fight against the French and English navies in the Third Anglo-Dutch War. There he participated in the last three fleet actions under Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter, distinguishing himself in the double battle of Schooneveld and the battle of Texel in August 1673, fighting out an epic duel with his personal enemy Edward Spragge, who drowned. During this war, his flagship was the Gouden Leeuw, of 82 cannons. - In 1674 a Dutch fleet under Tromp operated along the French coast. He directed a landing on 27 June on the island of Belle Île, on the coast of Brittany, and captured its coastal bulwarks. The Dutch however left the island again after 2 days, because the 3,000 French defenders had taken refuge in the island's strong fortress and a siege would have taken too long. A few days later, on 4 July, the island of Noirmoutier was attacked. After a short struggle, which left more than a hundred Dutch men out of action, the French retreated to Poitou, leaving the island, with its castle, coastal batteries, more than 30 pieces of artillery and several ships, in the hands of the Dutch. For nearly three weeks, the Dutch flag flew from the walls of the French stronghold and the Dutch fleet captured many French ships in the meantime. The whole region from Brest to Bayonne was in turmoil, and several strong French forces gathered there to prevent the Dutch from landing. On 23 July the island of Noirmoutier was however abandoned after the Dutch blew up the castle and demolished the coastal batteries. The French coast was kept in fear for some time, but after visiting the Mediterranean Sea, Tromp's fleet returned to Holland at the end of 1674.[10][11] - He was closely involved in the murder of Johan de Witt and Cornelis de Witt in 1672.[12] In 1675, he visited England and was created an English baronet and a Dutch erfridder by Charles II of England, but he refused an honorary doctorate when visiting Oxford. - On 8 May 1676, he became admiral general of the Danish-Norwegian Navy and Knight in the Order of the Elephant; in 1677, Count of Sølvesborg – then a Danish nobility title.[citation needed] He defeated the Swedish navy in the Battle of Öland, his only victory as a fleet commander.[13] Tromp led the successful landing at Ystad in Scania in June 1677, where there was a minor but still notable fighting before the Swedes withdrew and left the city in Danish hands. Tromp summoned all the local noblemen of Danish origin to his presence in order to promise they would stay still on their estates and not cause any trouble. He then took a two-week holiday at Baron Jörgen Krabbe's Castle Krogholm (now Krageholm), just north of Ystad.[14] During this period Tromp also licensed the local Danish bailiffs to recruit as many males as possible for the local Danish militias and sheriffs' teams. Tromp is mentioned in the local court registers for having licensed a Sheriff by the name of Bendix Clausen to recruit men in six different districts (hundreds) and there was some fierce fighting between these troops and the Swedes. Clausen and his men were branded as criminal 'snapphanar' by the Swedes. For that reason Tromp also played a role for the snapphanar, who were in essence the local resistance and Danish para-military troops. - On 6 February 1679, he became lieutenant-admiral general of the Republic[15] but never fought in that capacity, having become a liability to the new regime of William III. He died in Amsterdam in 1691,[16] his mind broken by alcohol abuse and remorse, still officially commander of the Dutch fleet, after having been for a period replaced by Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest. - Tromp was a very aggressive squadron commander who personally relished the fight, preferring the direct attack having the weather gage over line-of-battle tactics. As a result, he had to change ships often: four times at the Four Days' Battle, three times at Schooneveld and two times at Texel.[17] He was popular with his crews, despite the danger he put them in, because of his easy-going manners and his supporting the cause of the House of Orange against the States regime of Johan de Witt. However, he often treated his fellow officers with contempt, both his equals and superiors. - Tromp is infamous for his insubordination,[18] although the two examples most often mentioned in this context, not following De Ruyter on the second day of the Four Days' Battle and chasing the English rear in the St James's Day Fight, seem to have been honest mistakes. He was very jealous of De Ruyter but generally treated him with respect, though he considered him too common. Tromp tried to imitate the lifestyle of the nobility, marrying a rich elderly widow, Margaretha van Raephorst, in 1667. He had no children. At home, without fighting to distract him, Cornelis, or Kees as he was normally called, grew quickly bored and indolent. He had the reputation of being a heavy drinker, so much so that many inns at the time were named after him.[19] - Tromp was a vain man, having an extremely high opinion of himself, which he never hesitated in sharing with others. He felt that, son of a famous father, he had a natural right to the position of naval hero. During his life he posed as a sitter for at least 22 paintings, a record for the 17th century, many by top artists such as Ferdinand Bol. His art possessions were displayed in his estate, that long after his death was called 'Trompenburgh', the manor house built in the form of a warship.[20] - As his wider family was among the most fanatical supporters of Orange, he participated in most of their schemes, especially those of his brother-in-law Johan Kievit, a shrewd and unscrupulous intriguer. Tromp however had no great enthusiasm for subtle plotting; later in life he came to regret many of his actions. He died in great mental anguish, convinced he would go to hell as punishment for his crimes. - The Dutch Ministry of Defence names Maarten Tromp and Cornelis Tromp as naval heroes. Since 1777, nine navy ships have been named Tromp in honour of them, most recently the frigate HNLMS Tromp.[21] -",2023-08-26 17:57:28 -Russian corvette Kalmykia - Wikipedia," - The Kalmykia (former MPK-229) is a Parchim-class corvette in the Soviet Navy and later Russian Navy. - Developed in the GDR by specialists from the Zelenodolsk shipyard, Captain 2nd Rank O.K. Korobkov was appointed the main observer from the Navy on the project. For the GDR Navy, 16 ships were built (in Germany, Project 133.1, Parchim), the head MPK entered service in 1981. In 1992, all ships of the Project 133.1 were sold to Indonesia. For the USSR Navy, they were built according to the 1331M Project, after the collapse of the USSR, all ships were transferred to the Russian Navy. The modernized version was distinguished by updated artillery, hydroacoustic and radio-technical weapons.[1] - Project 133.1 was developed on the basis of the IPC Project 1124 Albatross in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) with the help of specialists from the Zelenodolsk shipyard for the Navy of the National People's Army of the GDR and the Warsaw Pact countries, as well as for export sales.[2] - Project 1331M was designed in the German Democratic Republic with the technical assistance of the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the USSR Navy, this project is a development of Project 133.1 and differs from it in the composition of weapons and navigation equipment.[2] - MPK-229 was laid down on 23 February 1988 at Peene-Werft, Wolgast. Launched on 31 January 1989 and commissioned on 6 April 1990 into the Baltic Fleet.[3] - Since 19 April 1996, he bears the name Kalmykia in honor of the Republic of Kalmykia patronizing over it.[4] - In 1992 and 1993, as part of the KPUG, he became the owner of the Navy Commander's Prize for anti-submarine warfare.[4] - In May 2000, as part of a detachment of warships of the Baltic Fleet, he participated in the ceremony of giving military honors to the sailors of the Soviet submarine S-8, which sank in August 1941 in the Baltic Sea.[4] - In June 2007, he took part in the exercises of the search and rescue forces of the Baltic Fleet to provide assistance to an emergency submarine. - The Republic of Kalmykia has not maintained patronage ties with the ship for many years. - On 26 July 2015, the ship took part in the naval parade on Navy Day in Baltiysk.[4] - On 6 April 2016, an emergency occurred on board the ship: 29-year-old midshipman Rinat Kinzhabayev was shot dead in his cabin while staying in Baltiysk. A criminal case was initiated against the senior midshipman of Kalmykia. - In May 2016, it became known that the ship sonar systems MGK-335MS, as well as the MG-339T Shelon-T descent stations. - As of the end of 2018, the ship was in the combat composition of the Russian Navy. - As of 2019, the ship is undergoing repairs.[4][5] -",2023-08-26 17:57:32 -Asyncritus of Hyrcania - Wikipedia,"Asyncritus of Hyrcania, also Asynkritos (Greek: Ἀσύγκριτος, meaning ""incomparable""), was numbered among the Seventy Disciples. He was bishop of Hyrcania in Asia. Saint Paul mentions him in his letter to the Romans (cf. 16:14). The Church remembers St. Asyncritus on April 8. - Troparion (Tone 1) [1] - Kontakion (Tone 2) - Kontakion (Tone 4) -",2023-08-26 17:57:36 -Ethnikos G.S. Athens - Wikipedia,"Ethnikos Gymnastikos Syllogos (Greek: Εθνικός Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος) or Ethnikos Athens is one of the oldest multi-sports clubs in Greece. It was founded in 1893. - It had a team of gymnasts competing at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. - The team's leader was Ioannis Chrysafis. Members included Ioannis Mitropoulos, Dimitrios Loundras, Filippos Karvelas, and 15 others whose names are unknown. - The team placed third of the three teams in the parallel bars team event, earning a bronze medal (retroactively awarded by the International Olympic Committee, as the awards at the first Olympic Games differed from the gold, silver, bronze format used later). - *only in pre-HFF championships -",2023-08-26 17:57:39 -Wenceslao Sarmiento - Wikipedia,"Wenceslao Alfonso Sarmiento (September 28, 1922[1] – 24 November 2013[2]), also known as W.A. Sarmiento, was a Peruvian-born American modernist architect.[3] - Sarmiento studied in various locations in South America, for eighteen months in the office of Oscar Niemeyer, before coming to the United States. In 1951 while visiting his sister-in-law in Missouri he rear ended an architect who worked for the St. Louis based Bank Building & Equipment Corporation of America. He was hired soon after and served as the head designer for the corporation from 1951 through 1961, after which he founded his own sixty-person Sarmiento Associates office based in St. Louis, Missouri. He relocated to Santa Monica California in the 1970s. He retired in 1980. - Sarmiento designed hundreds of banks and other buildings in the postwar years of bank modernization in downtowns, and the construction of new suburban bank towers. His larger work appears as crisp International Style with a visible influence from Niemeyer, perhaps most obvious in his largest project, the 1968 Phoenix Financial Center on Central Avenue in Phoenix, Arizona. The smaller branch banks tend to be more playful, eye-catching, Googie projects. - -Sarmiento lived in Santa Monica, California and was still active in the preservation of his buildings until his death in 2013.",2023-08-26 17:57:43 -Aldred - Wikipedia,"Aldred is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: - Surname: -",2023-08-26 17:57:47 -Jack Pancott - Wikipedia," - Jack Pancott (1 April 1933 – 10 September 2015) was a British gymnast.[1] He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.[2] - This biographical article related to British artistic gymnastics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:57:50 -The Beau Hunks - Wikipedia,"The Beau Hunks are a Dutch revivalist music ensemble who have performed and recorded the vintage works of composers Leroy Shield, Marvin Hatley, Raymond Scott, Edward MacDowell, Ferde Grofé, and others. They have been referred to as a ""documentary orchestra"", because they perform note-perfect renditions of music which is obscure and often commercially unavailable. For some projects for which no sheet music was known to exist, they had to reconstruct charts from original recordings extracted from films. - For various projects they have been reconfigured as The Beau Hunks Sextette, The Beau Hunks Saxophone Soctette, The Beau Hunks Saxophone Quartet, and The Beau Hunks Orchestra. They have recorded for the labels Movies Select Audio, EigenWijs (a division of the VPRO, the Dutch public broadcasting network), Basta Audio-Visuals, and Koch Screen. - The Beau Hunks Orchestra was originally a quintet organized to perform soundtrack themes from Hal Roach film studio comedies of the 1930s, including those of Laurel & Hardy, Our Gang, The Little Rascals, Charley Chase, Thelma Todd, and the Taxi Boys. The group (whose name derives from a 1931 Laurel and Hardy film Beau Hunks) gave what was intended to be their only public performance on 18 January 1992, at the Oliver Hardy centennial in Amsterdam. However, based on the success of the performance, the band decided to expand to a full orchestra and record their repertoire for commercial CD release. - The Roach film music, composed mostly by Leroy Shield (without screen credit), with additional songs and cues by T. Marvin Hatley, was publicly familiar, but had never been commercially released, and the original recordings and scores were presumed lost. In the mid-1980s, Piet Schreuders, a Dutch graphic designer and radio programmer, began assembling a tape library of Hal Roach comedy themes,[1] transferred directly from the soundtrack of VHS tapes. Because the films contain dialogue and sound effects which occasionally obscure the music, Schreuders isolated fragments of themes without dialogue or sound effects and edited them into complete, uninterrupted versions. ""Nobody had the original masters of these songs,"" Schreuders told The New York Times in 1994. ""The music wasn't available anywhere else except in the films themselves, where they could only be heard in short segments. Luckily, each song was used so many times that it was theoretically possible, given enough time and patience, to splice [each] song together.""[1] - Using these reconstructed recordings, Schreuders worked closely with transcribers and arrangers Peter Stöve, Jan Robijns, Robert Veen, and Menno Daams to perfect written charts to accurately reflect the music heard in the films. Recreations of these themes had been attempted by others, including Robert Crumb's band R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders (1970s), Ronnie Hazlehurst (1980s), and Vince Giordano (1990s). The Beau Hunks, however, finally gave the stock music of Shield its due in a series of albums released between 1992 and 2000. The most popular of the releases was The Beau Hunks Play the Little Rascals Music (1995).[2] - In 2000, the Beau Hunks collaborated with the Metropole Orchestra to re-create the soundtrack to the 1936 Laurel and Hardy comedy Our Relations. A collection of original sheet music from Hal Roach films had been discovered in a Los Angeles archive in 1994 and 1995. This collection yielded Leroy Shield's notes for the score of Our Relations. - Piet Schreuders studied the sheet music, identified dozens of individual themes and compared them with titles and lead sheets found in the Music Division of the Library of Congress. Using the 1936 film soundtrack as a reference, Beau Hunks arrangers transcribed themes for which no written parts could be found. As a result of this work, about 95% of the original film score could be reconstructed. Schreuders subsequently discovered that much of Shield's score for this film never made it into the released version, having ended up on the cutting room floor during post-production. Deleted were elements such as the overture, musical transitions, musical effects, and variations which unified the score as a whole. The Beau Hunks recording represents the first time in history the original Our Relations film score could be heard as Shield composed it.[3] - Following the commercial and critical success of their 1992/93 Shield restorations, the Beau Hunks undertook recording projects involving forgotten but, in their estimation, historic works by American composers. These include Raymond Scott (particularly his 1937–39 six-man ""Quintette"", and the Paul Whiteman Orchestra's symphonic 1937/38 ""Chesterfield Arrangements"" of Quintette repertoire); Ferde Grofé (Broadway At Night; Mississippi Suite; Three Shades of Blue; and Metropolis); Edward MacDowell (Woodland Sketches); and various American pioneers of the jazz saxophone.[4] - The Beau Hunks have also recorded an album with legendary jazz saxophonist Al Gallodoro. - The co-founders of the Beau Hunks are Piet Schreuders and Gert-Jan Blom, both of Amsterdam. Blom, a bass player and producer, serves as bandleader, session contractor, and recording producer. Schreuders serves as researcher, project developer, liner note annotator, package designer, and occasional co-producer. - As the Beau Hunks Orchestra: - As the Beau Hunks Sextette: - As the Beau Hunks Saxophone Soctette: - As the Beau Hunks Saxophone Quartet: - The Beau Hunks with the Metropole Orchestra: - Al Gallodoro with The Beau Hunks: - Ronald Jansen Heijtmajer with The Beau Hunks: -",2023-08-26 17:57:53 -Acraea egina - Wikipedia," - Acraea egina, the elegant acraea, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae with an extensive range in sub-Saharan Africa. - This species can be found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa.[3] - The habitats of this species mainly consists of dry forests and savannah, but it also prefers clearings and open areas in the rainforest. - The wingspan of Acraea egina can reach 60–65 millimetres (2.4–2.6 in). Wings are basically brick red, with black spots on both forewings and hindwings and a quite large black margin on the hindwing upperside. These butterflies are closely mimicked by Pseudacraea boisduvali and by Graphium ridleyanus in the shade of color, in the cut of the wings and in the pattern of markings. - The larvae of Acraea egina are whitish with black rings and black tubercules, while the pupae are pinkish brown. They feed on Adenia lobata and Rawsonia species. - A. egina Cr. (54 d) is much larger than perenna and has the wings quite differently shaped, but is very similarly coloured in the male. In this sex the forewing is blackish, in the middle somewhat transparent, and has at the hinder angle in 1 a and 1 b a large yellow-red spot, which, however, does not extend beyond vein 2; hindwing above black at least as far as vein 2, then with broad yellow-red transverse band and broad, unspotted black marginal band, somewhat dentate at the veins, the discal dot in 4 placed nearer to the distal margin than the rest. Fore wing beneath almost as above, but lighter and more thinly scaled; hind wing beneath light reddish with red spots at the base and at the marginal band and between the large, free black dots more or less greenish yellow; marginal spots large, quadrate, greenish yellow; collar red; last half of the abdomen light yellow. In the female the ground-colour of both wings is black grey without red-yellow spots, but with an indefinite whitish subapical band on the forewing. - It is a member of the Acraea egina species group – but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014 [5] - - This Heliconiinae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:57:57 -1992 BDO World Darts Championship - Wikipedia," - The 1992 Embassy World Darts Championship was held from 3–11 January 1992 at the Lakeside Country Club, Frimley Green, Surrey. - With Eric Bristow and defending champion Dennis Priestley both going out in round two, the way was paved for the top two seeds, Phil Taylor and Mike Gregory, to make it to the final – notably, the first final since the inauguration of the World Championship in 1978 that featured neither Bristow nor John Lowe. - In a titanic affair, full of big scores and high checkouts, it went to the final set and a tiebreak, where Gregory missed two chances each at double 8, double top and double 10 for the title. It also made Gregory the first player to miss darts at double to win a world championship and eventually lose; none would match this until Mark McGeeney in 2018. - Taylor took full advantage and sent the match to a sudden-death leg, which he won to take his second World title. Taylor's match-winning average of 97.58 remained a record for a BDO world championship final until the tournament's demise in 2020. - The prize fund was £116,400. - There was also a 9 Dart Checkout prize of £52,000, along with a High Checkout prize of £1,500. -",2023-08-26 17:58:00 -RU-59063 - Wikipedia,"RU-59063 is a nonsteroidal androgen or selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) which was first described in 1994 and was never marketed.[1] It was originally thought to be a potent antiandrogen, but subsequent research found that it actually possesses dose-dependent androgenic activity, albeit with lower efficacy than dihydrotestosterone (DHT).[1][2] The drug is an N-substituted arylthiohydantoin and was derived from the first-generation nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) nilutamide.[1][3] The second-generation NSAAs enzalutamide, RD-162, and apalutamide were derived from RU-59063.[4][5] - RU-59063 has high affinity for the human androgen receptor (AR) (Ki = 2.2 nM; Ka = 5.4 nM) and 1,000-fold selectivity for the AR over other nuclear steroid hormone receptors, including the PR, ER, GR, and MR.[3][2] It shows 3- and 8-fold higher affinity than testosterone for the rat and human AR, respectively, and up to 100-fold higher affinity for the rat AR than the first-generation NSAAs flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide.[1] It also has slightly higher affinity for the AR than DHT and nearly equal affinity to that of the very-high-affinity AR ligand metribolone (R-1881).[4][6] In addition, RU-59063, unlike testosterone and DHT, shows no specific binding to human plasma.[1] - This drug article relating to the genito-urinary system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:58:04 -Rugby union trophies and awards - Wikipedia,"Rugby union trophies and awards have been given out to teams and participants from the very earliest days of the sport's history. In common with many other sports rugby union has an array of competitions, both domestic international, covering the spectrum of competition structures from season long leagues, to one-off matches. The list below is divided into sections such that trophies and awards competed for by national sides are grouped together, as are those competed for by club and provincial sides. In both cases, the type of award can differ. The award might be a perpetual trophy, which is one competed for in perpetuity by two sides such that on each occasion they meet, which may or may not be on a regular basis, that honour is contested. The award may be one that is given to the winner of a tournament, or as a subset of this, as an award for a particular honour attained in that tournament. Additionally, the sport of rugby union bestows certain honours on individual players, and these too have their own dedicated section below. - Formerly known for sponsorship reasons as the Amlin Challenge Cup. - Welsh Shield: Ospreys -  South African Shield: Stormers - / Scottish/Italian Shield: Edinburgh -",2023-08-26 17:58:08 -Galesburg Railroad Museum - Wikipedia,"The Galesburg Railroad Museum is a railroad museum in Galesburg, Illinois, United States. The Museum is located at 211 South Seminary Street, Galesburg, IL 61401.[1][2] - Its collection includes CB&Q 4-6-4 3006, a Pullman ""Meath"" car, Railway Express RPO Combination Mail & Baggage Car, CB&Q Burlington Route Way Car and a museum building housing a large collection of railroad history in pictures, on paper and items donated to the museum by railroad workers and their families. - Parking is available in the city parking lots on Seminary & Mulberry Streets. - This article about a United States railway museum or tourist railway is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Illinois museum-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:58:12 -2014 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship - Wikipedia," - The 2014 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 120th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment in by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The championship began on 11 October 2014 and ended on 16 November 2014. - Clara were the defending champions.[1] Tullaroan were relegated from the championship. Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship following a 1–20 to 1–13 defeat of Clara.[2][3] - Promoted from the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship - Relegated to the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship -",2023-08-26 17:58:16 -Volkswagen Group MMB platform - Wikipedia,"The Volkswagen Group MMB platform (Modularer Mittelbaukasten baukasten) is the company's strategy for shared modular design construction of its rear mid-engined or rear-engined sports cars. It was developed by Porsche and it has been in use since 2016, having been introduced with the Porsche 982. - Porsche 718 Cayman S 982 - Porsche 911 Carrera S 992 -",2023-08-26 17:58:19 -Turkish women in cinema - Wikipedia," - Turkish women in cinema refers to Turkish actresses and to female movie directors in Turkish cinema.[1] The first Turkish film was made in 1914; the first Turkish film with actresses was not shot until 1919. The first leading actress in Turkish cinema was Bedia Muvahhit in 1923. In a conservative Muslim society, Muvahhit's film was a milestone.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:58:22 -Zavarov - Wikipedia,"Zavarov (Russian: Заваров) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Zavarova. It may refer to -",2023-08-26 17:58:26 -Suncorp Group - Wikipedia," - Suncorp Group Limited is an Australian finance, insurance, and banking corporation based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of Australia's mid-size banks (by combined lending and deposits) and its largest general insurance group,[5] formed on 1 December 1996 by the merger of Suncorp, Metway Bank and the Queensland Industry Development Corporation (QIDC). - Queensland established the State Accident Insurance Office in 1916,[6] to provide mandatory injury compensation insurance to workers in the state's business sector. New legislation soon after created a larger insurance body, the State Government Insurance Office (SGIO) which took over the State Accident Insurance Office. General insurance, third party and life products were added. SGIO later expanded into building society operations, superannuation, and finance. - In 1960, new legislation establishing the SGIO as a separate corporation was passed, and the group became subject to state regulatory oversight. In 1971, the SGIO took another step toward full-fledged corporate status, forming its own board of directors. At this time, the operations involving injury compensation for workers were placed under a separate board. By 1976, as SGIO's insurance operations took on a more commercial orientation, the company closed down its building society operations[citation needed]. - The next step toward the SGIO's move toward the private sector came in 1985. Under new legislation, the company dropped the SGIO name in favour of the name Suncorp and its employees lost their status as civil servants. At the same time, Suncorp became an independent corporation, although still government controlled. By the mid 1990s, Suncorp was an allfinanz (i.e. with combined banking, financial, and insurance operations) group and had assets of nearly $10 billion. - Metway Bank started as the Metropolitan Permanent Building Society which was founded in 1959.[6] In the late 1980s, Metropolitan joined the trend among Australia's building societies to expand into being full-scale banks. In 1988, Metropolitan abandoned its status as a building society to reincorporate as a bank. Metway, as the new bank was called, listed publicly and began acquiring a number of rival banks and building societies. Metway became the largest Queensland based bank by the mid 1990s. Metway's operations also extended into the other eastern states and the assets of the bank were more than $7 billion. - QIDC had its origins in Agbank which was a state government farming financier that was started in 1902.[6] In 1986, new Queensland legislation was passed to incorporate and regulate the bank as the Queensland Industry Development Corporation. By the mid 1990s, QIDC had assets of approximately $3 billion.[6] - In response to sweeping changes in Australia's financial and insurance industries in the mid 1990s, and especially the increasing convergence of the banking and insurance sectors, the state owned QIDC and Suncorp were amalgamated with Metway Bank in 1996. The new company, Suncorp-Metway, became one of the largest insurance and finance groups in Australia, ranking fifth in the national market. By 1998, the company's combined assets exceeded $22 billion. - The Queensland government initially controlled 68 percent of the new company, but quickly made good on its promise to sell off most of its stake. In 1997, the company conducted a public offering that reduced the government's stake in Suncorp-Metway to 4 percent, with the last remaining government shares sold one year later. In 1999, Suncorp-Metway completed the integration of the Metway, QIDC and Suncorp operations, and launched a single unified Suncorp-Metway brand. As part of this process, the company also trimmed its retail network, shutting down a number of redundant branches. - After its integration phase, Suncorp-Metway began putting into place a new strategy. The company sought to launch itself on a truly national scale, replacing its allfinanz model with a new financial conglomerate strategy. The company wanted to expand, particularly in its more profitable insurance division. The company made its first acquisition in 2001 by taking over GIO General Ltd, which was then part of AMP. That purchase made Suncorp-Metway the second ranked in Australia in terms of income from general insurance in annual premiums. - The company carried out another rebranding exercise in 2002, adopting the Suncorp name for all of its Queensland operations, and for non-insurance operations outside of the state. The company's insurance operations, excluding Queensland, took on the GIO name. - Suncorp continued to build up its insurance portfolio into the middle of the decade. The company acquired 50 percent of the Queensland-based RACQ Insurance, a joint venture originally formed between AMP and RACQ. Suncorp bought out AMP's share of the joint venture in 2002. Also in 2002, Suncorp purchased half of RAA Insurance from the RAA. In 2004, the company purchased Tasmania's RACT Insurance from the RACT. - Suncorp then began preparations for a still larger takeover of insurance giant Promina Group Limited. By early 2007, the two companies had agreed the terms of a merger deal valued at AUD 7.9 billion ($5.9 billion), which represented one of the largest acquisition deals completed in Australia's financial sector since the beginning of the new century.[7] - Promina was formerly part of the UK-based insurance giant Royal and Sun Alliance until it spun off the business in Australia as a separate public company in 2003.[8] The merger transformed Suncorp into a true giant in Australia, doubling its assets to nearly AUD 85 billion ($65 billion). - During a retail banking review in 2007, Suncorp determined its credit card portfolio was a non-core asset and entered into talks to sell its 100,000 card/$230 million credit-card portfolio to Citibank.[9] Citibank now handles the operational aspects of credit whilst the Suncorp brand remains on the cards and Suncorp continues to provide customer interaction.[10] - As of 2007, Suncorp had assets of over A$95 billion,[6] over 9 million customers,[6] and over 16,000 staff.[11] Suncorp operated 232 retail and business banking outlets, predominantly in Queensland. GIO operated 34 agencies in NSW and Victoria. An additional 157 retail branches and services centres were added with the Promina acquisition.[6] - In June 2013, Goldman Sachs's Special Situations Group, the proprietary investment unit of the investment bank, purchased some of Suncorp Group Ltd.'s loans for about US$863 million.[12] In the summer of 2013 as European lenders were divesting their loans portfolios, in Australia, hedge funds and investment banks were buying them.[12] In 2013, distressed-debt investors, seeking investment opportunities in Asia, particularly in Australia, acquired discounted bonds or bank loans of companies facing distressed debt, with the potential of profitable returns if the companies' performance or their debt-linked assets improves. In 2013 Australia was one of the biggest markets for distressed-debt investors in Asia.[12] - Suncorp has been granted a MySuper authority, enabling it to continue to receive default superannuation contribution from 1 Jan 2014. - Suncorp Business Services appointed its new CEO, Matt Pancino, on 13 June 2014. Pancino formerly worked as the Chief Information Officer for the group.[13] - Suncorp was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame in 2016.[14][15] - In 2020, Suncorp admitted to wage theft dating back to 2014. In June 2023, it was announced that remediation of the theft amounted a total $32 million in wages, misappropriated from 15,800 staff.[16] - - - Suncorp covers nearly all areas in wealth and banking, including life insurance, general insurance, commercial insurance, Compulsory Third Party (CTP), banking, finance, superannuation agricultural banking and business banking, the notable exception being health insurance. It is the largest banking and insurance corporation headquartered in Brisbane.[5] - Suncorp is the parent company of insurance company GIO, which is mainly used as a general insurance company representing Suncorp outside Queensland, offering similar products to the Suncorp branded insurance product in Queensland. - Suncorp trades under a number of brands,[17] including AAMI, Apia, Shannons, InsureMyRide, Vero, Terri Scheer, Bingle, CIL and Tyndall insurance brands in Australia, and Vero, Asteron, Guardian Trust, Tyndall, Vero Liability, AA Insurance, SIS, CMV/AXIOM and Autosure brands in New Zealand. These assets were acquired with the Promina Group in 2007. Tal Australia purchased Asteron Australia from Suncorp in December 2018.[18] - On 19 April 2009, Suncorp announced a re-branding of the banking arm of the company to Suncorp Bank. The reason behind the re-branding is to give the company a view[citation needed] that Suncorp is a bank with an insurance arm, not an insurance company with a banking division. In July 2022, Suncorp Group agreed terms to sell Suncorp Bank to the Australia & New Zealand Banking Group for A$5 billion.[19] In August 2023 the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission blocked the deal.[20] - Suncorp acquired insurance joint ventures with motoring clubs RACQ and RAA in 2001, but chose to divest them in 2010. Suncorp entered into a joint venture agreement with RACT Insurance in Tasmania in 2007, but sold its 50% interest back to RACT in July 2021.[21] -[22] - Suncorp holds the naming rights of Lang Park, currently branded as Suncorp Stadium. It is a rectangular sporting stadium located in the Brisbane suburb of Milton, and is the home of the Brisbane Broncos and Queensland Reds. Suncorp is also the title sponsor of the Suncorp Super Netball competition in Australia. The naming rights to buildings, including Suncorp Place in Sydney and Suncorp Plaza in Brisbane are also held by the group. -",2023-08-26 17:58:29 -.280 Flanged - Wikipedia,"The .280 Flanged Nitro Express, also known as the .280 Lancaster, is an obsolete rimmed bottleneck centerfire rifle cartridge developed by Charles Lancaster and introduced in 1906. - The introduction of the semi-rimmed .280 Ross in 1906 caused considerable interest amongst sportsmen and gunmakers. Gunmakers Charles Lancaster introduced the rimmed .280 Flanged Nitro Express later by in the same year for use in single shot and double rifles. The .280 Flanged Nitro Express is very similar to the .280 Ross, although loaded to slightly lower velocities.[1] - Like the .280 Ross, the popularity of the .280 Flanged Nitro Express waned after a number of hunters were killed by the dangerous game they were attempting to hunt with the cartridge.[1] - The .280 Flanged Nitro Express was said to have been a favourite of King George V.[2] - - This ammunition-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:58:32 -Isla Calero - Wikipedia,"Isla Calero (English: Calero Island) is the largest island in Costa Rica, as well as along the San Juan River, which marks the border between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The island lies between the San Juan (to the north and west), the Río Colorado of Costa Rica (to the south and southeast), and the Caribbean Sea (to the east and northeast). The entire island has an area of 151.6 km2 (58.5 sq mi). - Isla Calero lies within the undisputed territory of Costa Rica. In November 2010, Isla Portillos, an island adjacent to the northern tip of Isla Calero, an ecological preserve, became the focus of a dispute and extensive media coverage when Nicaraguan troops occupied it.[1][2] At that time, a territorial dispute between the two Central American nations dating back to 1850 resurfaced over an area about 3 km in length on Isla Portillos, alternatively identified by the Nicaraguans as Harbour Head Island. Nicaragua had shown this part to be Costa Rican on all of its own maps for the previous half-century, as the border was defined by three historic documents: the Cañas–Jerez Treaty, the Cleveland Award, and the Alexander Award issued by E.P. Alexander, who acted as an arbitrator between the two countries in 1897. The 1858 Cañas–Jerez Treaty established Nicaraguan ownership of the San Juan River but gave Costa Rica the right to navigation for commercial purposes. - Nicaragua's claim beginning in 2010, which contradicted the map attached to the 1897 Alexander Award, was that a small intermittent channel about 3 km south of the northern tip of the island marked the international boundary, not the main San Juan River channel. In November 2010 Nicaraguan military forces clearcut forest along this channel and deepened it.[1] In December 2010, commander Edén Pastora defended the claim by citing Google Maps as a source that supported the Nicaraguan position. Google quickly responded by correcting the error.[3] - In March 2011, the International Court of Justice provisionally ruled that Costa Rica and Nicaragua both must refrain from sending or maintaining civilians, security forces or police in the disputed border area, but that Costa Rica was allowed to send civilian teams concerned with environmental matters. Dredging by Nicaragua within the San Juan River itself was allowed to continue, as Nicaragua has sovereignty over the river proper.[4] - On December 16, 2015, the International Court of Justice decided that the territory in dispute belonged to Costa Rica.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:58:36 -Thelma White - Wikipedia,"Thelma White (born Thelma Wolpa; December 4, 1910 – January 11, 2005) was an American radio and film actress. White is best known for her role in the 1936 exploitation film Reefer Madness. - Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, White debuted in her family's circus show at age 2, acting as a ""living doll"" who stood in place until she got a cue to begin cooing and wriggling. At the age of 10, she was dancing in vaudeville as part of The White Sisters, leading to jobs with the Ziegfeld Follies and Earl Carroll revue, then moved to Hollywood in the late 1920s. Her first film was A Night in a Dormitory (1930) co-starring Ginger Rogers. This job led to a number of short films at Pathé Exchange (later RKO Pictures), where she played leading lady to familiar comics, such as Edgar Kennedy and Leon Errol. - White's most famous role arrived in Tell Your Children (1936), better known today as Reefer Madness, a low-budget exploitation film to warn audiences of the dangers of marijuana. White appeared as Mae, the oft-ignored voice of conscience to her dope-dealer boyfriend Jack (Carleton Young). Jack encourages high school students to take a toke of marijuana, after which they become involved in rape, prostitution, suicide, and various other traumas. The ephemeral film vanished into the vaults for over 30 years. - White continued to struggle through B-movies and small roles for the next few years, and in Hollywood circles, she was more known for her private life than her on-camera abilities. She was married three times, first to radio star Claude Stroud (one of the Stroud twins) for five years, then a brief marriage to Max Hoffman Jr. Her final marriage, to actor and costume designer Tony Millard, lasted for several decades. - Tell Your Children was found in a vault in 1972 and rechristened Reefer Madness by pro-marijuana activists and a young movie distributor that saw the movie as having great comedic appeal. The film gained a following on college campuses for its campy nature as well as its crazed depiction of marijuana use. White, who had starred with W. C. Fields and Jack Benny in her best years, somewhat was chagrined to be known for such a film. In 1987, she told the Los Angeles Times: ""I'm ashamed to say that it's the only one of my films that's become a classic.""[1] - During World War II, White joined United Servicemen Overseas, a government program that featured entertainment for troops serving overseas, and performed as the leader of an all female swing band named Thelma White and Her All Girl Orchestra. She and her band went to Alaska on several occasions with Rose Hobart and Carmen Miranda. She continued to make appearances in B-movies such as the film series with The Bowery Boys, and near the end of the war, she contracted a crippling disease while in the Aleutian Islands. White was bedridden for five years and was told she never would walk again. Although she partially recovered and appeared in a few late 1940s films, her acting career was essentially over. - Together with her band, she released her most famous hit, ""Shoo Shoo Ya Mama"", in January 1946. - White later worked as an agent, representing actors such as Robert Blake and James Coburn. - White's third husband, Tony Millard, died in 1999. She had no children and died of pneumonia in the Motion Picture and Television Hospital on January 11, 2005, at age 94. She was the last surviving cast member of Reefer Madness.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:58:40 -Timeline of Pittsburgh - Wikipedia," - -The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US. -  WikiMiniAtlas40°26′N 80°00′W / 40.44°N 80.00°W / 40.44; -80.00 -",2023-08-26 17:58:44 -John W. Garland - Wikipedia,"John W. Garland is an American lawyer and education leader. He served as the seventh president of the Central State University and the first president-in-residence at the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.[1][2] - Garland received his bachelor's degree in political science from Central State University in 1971. He then received a J.D. degree from Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1974.[1] Garland earned a Purple Heart for wounds he received while serving as an infantry squad leader in Vietnam. [2] - Garland began his career in higher education in 1988 as general counsel for the University of the District of Columbia. In 1991 he was named Associate General Counsel/Special Assistant Attorney General for the University of Virginia. In 1993 he was appointed to the position of executive assistant to the president of University of Virginia and eventually became associate vice provost for intellectual property. While at Virginia he was a member of the general faculty and taught undergraduate classes.[1] In 1997 Garland returned to his alma mater to become the seventh president of Central State University. After leaving CSU, Garland endowed a fund in the names of him and his wife, Carolyn Farrow. - In June 2022, the Central State University Board of Trustees adopted a Resolution naming the John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and Agriculture to honor Garland's successful efforts in obtaining 1890 Land Grant Status for the University. - [3] - Garland lives in LeDroit Park, a historic neighborhood in Washington, DC.[2] -",2023-08-26 17:58:48 -The Ford Sunday Evening Hour - Wikipedia,"The Ford Sunday Evening Hour is an American concert radio series sponsored by the Ford Motor Company. The hour-long program was broadcast from 1934 to 1946,[1] with a hiatus from 1942 to 1945. Later known as The Ford Symphony Hour, the program presented selections of classical music, hymns, popular ballads and well-known arias. - The series featured a rotation of different conductors, including Victor Kolar, Fritz Reiner, Wilfred Pelletier and John Barbirolli. Soloists included soprano Kirsten Flagstad, tenor Thomas Hayward, Helen Jepson, contralto Gladys Swarthout, tenor Richard Tauber, baritone John Charles Thomas (a 1936-37 regular) and Lawrence Tibbett. - For the first two seasons, programs originated from Orchestra Hall in Detroit, Michigan. Demand for seats was so great, however, that Detroit's Masonic Temple Auditorium, which had more than twice as many seats, was used beginning in the fall of 1936.[2] - William Reddick became producer of the program in 1936. Henry Ford was closely involved in the program, from choosing the theme (The Children's Prayer from Hansel and Gretel) to hiring the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. - On CBS, the series began October 7, 1934, on Sunday evenings at 9pm, continuing until March 1, 1942. It returned Sundays at 8pm on ABC September 30, 1945, airing until June 23, 1946. During the weekly intermission, William John Cameron (former editor of the Dearborn Independent and directly responsible for the publication in the 1920s of the anti-Semitic Protocols of the Elders of Zion), of the Ford Motor Company, delivered brief talks on a variety of topics from sports to economics. These talks were collected into several books published by Ford. - Announcers included Ron Gamble and Truman Bradley.[3] - During the summer months, it was replaced by The Ford Summer Hour, featuring Donald Voorhees, Meredith Willson, James Melton, Francia White and Jane Pickens. - One week after The Ford Sunday Evening Hour came to an end, the Ford Motor Company launched The Ford Festival of American Music which offered the full spectrum of popular music, from swing to show tunes, along with folk and classical selections. Leigh Harline conducted the orchestra, and Alfred Drake was the host of the show, produced by George Zachary. It aired from June 30 to September 22, 1946. - On July 28, 1963, the National High School Symphony Orchestra of Interlochen, Michigan, performed a re-enactment of the program to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Henry Ford's birth and the 60th anniversary of Ford Motor Company.[3] - Columbia Record LP CS 8578 More Radio's Great Old Themes -",2023-08-26 17:58:51 -1998 United States Senate election in Colorado - Wikipedia," - Ben Nighthorse Campbell -Republican - Ben Nighthorse Campbell -Republican - The 1998 United States Senate election in Colorado was held November 3, 1998, alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell won re-election to a second term by a landslide. - This was the first time a Republican had been elected to the Class 3 Senate seat from Colorado in 30 years; as of 2023, this is the last time the Republicans have won the Class 3 Senate seat from Colorado, and the last time that a Native American was elected to the United States Senate until 2022. This was also the first Senate race in Colorado since 1984, when William L. Armstrong won his second and final term, that an incumbent Senator from Colorado sought re-election in either of Colorado's Senate seats.[a] - Campbell, who was elected in 1992 as a Democrat, switched parties after the 1994 Republican Revolution. He faced a primary challenger, but won with over 70% of the vote. In the general election, Democratic nominee Dottie Lamm criticized Campbell of flip flopping from being a moderate liberal to moderate conservative.[2][3] In fact, throughout the entire campaign, Lamm mostly sent out negative attack advertisements about Campbell.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:58:56 -Thonock - Wikipedia," - Thonock is a small settlement in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) north from the town of Gainsborough, and on the A159 road The population is included in the civil parish of Blyton. - Thonock existed as a small village at the time of Domesday Book of 1086, when it consisted of five households.[1] - Thonock is listed as a deserted medieval village, but there are no visible earthworks. It existed as a part of Gainsborough in the early 14th century, and as a small settlement, including the hamlet of Havercroft, in later centuries, when High and Low (Nether) Thonock were mentioned.[2] Havercroft lost settlement is located at OS Grid Reference SK 82799 93194 in the present parish of Morton. There are no earthworks however aerial photography clearly shows the boundaries of the village bisected by the Gainsborough to Grimsby railway line. - Thonock civil parish was created from part of Gainsborough parish in 1894, but was later dissolved in 1974.[3] - A golf club is based at Thonock Park.[4] -",2023-08-26 17:58:59 -Sadig Rahimov - Wikipedia,"Sadig Hajiyarali oghlu Rahimov (Azerbaijani: Sadıq Hacıyarəli oğlu Rəhimov, September 27, 1914 — June 11, 1975) was the Statesman of the Azerbaijan SSR, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijan SSR (1954–1958), member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR. - He was born on September 27, 1914, in Balaxanı in a family of oil worker.[1] S. Rahimov graduated from Balakhani village school in 1929 and entered Baku oil technical school. After successfully graduating from the technical school in 1931, S. Rahimov began his career as a technician at the Baku Machine-Building Plant. - In 1932–1936, S. Rahimov was first a technician and then the head of a mechanical workshop at the Baku Shoe Factory No. 2 of the Azerbaijan Light Industry Commissariat. In addition to working in the factory, in 1932 he entered the faculty of mechanical engineering of the Azerbaijan Industrial Institute. He resigned temporarily in 1936 to write his dissertation and pass his final exams. - S. Rahimov, who defended his diploma work with excellent marks in 1937, was again sent to Baku Shoe Factory No. 2 as a deputy chief mechanic as a certified engineer. In 1937–1938, S. Rahimov worked as a deputy chief mechanic at Baku Shoe Factory No. 2, in 1938–1939 as a chief mechanic, and in 1939 as a director of that factory. - He was the grandfather of Azad Rahimov. - Rahimov died on June 11, 1975, in Baku and was buried in the Alley of Honor. In 2014, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed an order on holding the 100th anniversary of S. Rahimov.[2] - In 1939, the republican government sent him to Moscow to study at the Higher Party School.[3] He left his education in 1941 and went to the front due to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. In 1941–1942, S. Rahimov was the head of the political department of the 160th Rifle Division of the Soviet Army fighting on the Western Front, took an active part in the battles around Moscow and Smolensk, was wounded in the battles near the city of Vyazma and was sent back.[3] - Rahimov, who was discharged from military service due to severe injuries, returned to Baku and was appointed Deputy Minister of Textile Industry of Azerbaijan.[3] - Sadig Rahimov held this position in 1942–1946, and in 1946–1949 he served as Minister of Textile Industry of the Azerbaijan SSR. In 1949, a number of ministries in the republic were abolished and some were merged. At that time, the Ministry of Textile Industry and the Ministry of Light Industry were merged and S. Rahimov was appointed Minister of Light Industry of the Azerbaijan SSR. He served in this position from 1949 to 1952.[3] - In 1952, Azerbaijan was divided into two provinces: Baku and Ganja. In April 1952, by the decision of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, S. Rahimov was appointed chairman of the Ganja Regional Executive Committee. He served in this position from 1952 to 1953. However, the regional structure did not function much in Azerbaijan and was abolished a year later. S. Rahimov returned to Baku after the abolition of Ganja region, became the Minister of Public Utilities and Civil Construction of the Azerbaijan SSR, then the Minister of Highly Processed Industrial Goods and held these positions in 1953-1954. - S. Rahimov was the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijan SSR in 1954–1958. In 1958-1961, S. Rahimov chaired the State Committee for Control over Industrial Safety and Mining of the Council of Ministers of the Republic, and in 1961-1965 he was the head of the Baku Main Construction Department. In 1965-1975, S. Rahimov headed the Ministry of Light Industry of the Azerbaijan SSR. - Rahimov has repeatedly been a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan and its bureau, the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR and its presidium, a deputy of the Supreme Soviets of Azerbaijan and the USSR, a delegate to plenary sessions, conferences, congresses and sessions. -",2023-08-26 17:59:02 -Electoral history of Jimmy Carter - Wikipedia,"Electoral history of Jimmy Carter, who served as the 39th president of the United States (1977–1981) and the 76th governor of Georgia (1971–1975). - Georgia 14th State Senate District Democratic Primary, 1962 - -Georgia Democratic gubernatorial primary, 1966[1] - Georgia Democratic gubernatorial primary, 1970[2] - Georgia Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff, 1970[3] - 1970 Georgia gubernatorial election[4] - 1972 Democratic National Convention (Vice Presidential tally)[5] - 1976 Democratic presidential primaries[6] - 1976 Democratic National Convention (Presidential tally)[7] - 1976 United States presidential election - 1980 Democratic presidential primaries[8] - 1980 Democratic National Convention (Presidential tally)[9] - New York Liberal Party presidential convention, 1980[10] - 1980 United States presidential election -",2023-08-26 17:59:06 -Bacillus atticus atticus - Wikipedia," - Bacillus atticus atticus is a species of phasmid or ""walking stick"" with recorded specimens in Greece, Italy, Croatia and Israel.[1] In Cyprus,[2] the endemic subspecies Bacillus atticus cyprius is present. Both can often be found climbing on plants - Adults have a slim body about 80 mm long, with a stripe on each side. Their antennae are red and short. The forelegs are strong, around 50 mm long, painted red at their base. - Bacillus atticus atticus[3] is mostly active at night, when it feeds. The usual foods of this species are plants such as ivy and lettuce. During the day, the animal stays absolutely still, camouflaged as a stick, matching the color of the plant that it's on. If disturbed, its main defense is to feign death. Like many phasmids it is parthenogenetic so it can reproduce on its own by laying eggs. The eggs are ovoid-shaped with some distinguishable glyphics around them and a sponge-like shape on the top. -",2023-08-26 17:59:10 -Kalamazoo State Hospital Water Tower - Wikipedia," - The Kalamazoo State Hospital Water Tower is located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It was built in 1895 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972. It is located on the grounds of the Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital. - The Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital was founded in 1859 and soon became a landmark in American medicine. Buildings on the grounds were Thomas Kirkbride and Samuel Sloan, nationally renowned hospital architects. The buildings they designed were reminiscent of medieval designs. In 1895, architect William B. Stratton from Detroit was commissioned to design a water tower on site.[2] Stratton was instructed to come up with a structure that would complement the medieval feeling of the other buildings on the hospital grounds. Construction was completed in 1895.[3] - The tower has been struck by lightning multiple times, and the roof was eventually replaced with copper sheeting.[2] The structure was earmarked by the State of Michigan for demolition in 1974. However, a local committee called the Committee to Save the Tower launched a campaign to raise public funds to restore the tower.[3] - The tower is 175 feet tall. The base stone blocks are five feet high; above this point the tower is made of bricks. It is approximately 50 feet wide at its widest point. The outer shell tapers from six feet thick at the base to four feet at the top. The tower has three water storage tanks inside. The main tank is 40 feet high and 40 feet in diameter and can hold more than 200,000 gallons of hard water. Two smaller tanks flank the main tank and hold soft water.[3] Above the tanks is a ""look-out"" structure with a steeply pitched roof covered with copper sheeting.[2] - - This article about a property in Michigan on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:59:13 -Shake It Up (Indian TV series) - Wikipedia," - Shake It Up is an Indian sitcom airing on Disney Channel India. The series premiered on 30 March 2013. It is an Indian adaptation of the 2010–2013 American television series of the same name. The series was created by Chris Thompson.[1] - It revolves around the misadventures of best friends Neel (Neeladri) Walia and Yash (Yashpal) Mehta, two confident and energetic 13-year-olds who are skilled dancers and are on the threshold of taking their steps into the world of professional dancing.[2] - A promotional music video with cast of the film ABCD: Any Body Can Dance and Shake It Up aired on the channel in January 2013.[3] -",2023-08-26 17:59:16 -Ariamnes hiwa - Wikipedia," - Ariamnes hiwa is a species of comb-footed spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in Hawaii.[1] - - This Theridiidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:59:19 -2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's pole vault - Wikipedia," - - The women's pole vault at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics was held at the Beijing National Stadium on 24 and 26 August.[1][2] 2013 Champion and world record holder Yelena Isinbayeva did not defend her title having given birth to her first child in 2014. - Fourteen athletes qualified at 4.55, but two were unable to get over the opening height of 4.50 in the finals. Minna Nikkanen set her National Record at 4.60, but there were still seven in at 4.70, five of them with clean rounds to that point making for a five-way tie including Angelica Bengtsson's National Record and returning silver medalist Jenn Suhr, who had confidently passed to 4.60. 4.80 decided the medalists with Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou taking it on the first attempt to take over the lead. 2011 champion Fabiana Murer took it on her second attempt and was ahead of Yarisley Silva who had struggled earlier at 4.70. Both Silva and Murer made 4.85 on their first attempt, giving Murer the lead. Murer also again equalled her own South American record. Kyriakopoulou missed at what would have been her National Record. Having no strategic advantage to clearing it with one miss, she passed to 4.90. Everybody missed their first two attempts at 4.90, making Kyriakopoulou the bronze medalist. On her final attempt, Silva made it, to leap past Murer into gold medal position. Murer was unable to answer on her final attempt and had to settle for silver. Murer was pleased to win a medal in Beijing seven years after the 2008 Olympics, where she underperformed following her poles being misplaced by the organization, and became optimistic for the 2016 Summer Olympics at her own Brazil, when she will have to set a masters world record to be in the medal hunt.[3][4] - Prior to the competition, the established records were as follows.[5] - All times are local times (UTC+8) - Qualification: 4.60 m (Q) or at least 12 best performers (q).[7] - The final was started at 19:00.[8] -",2023-08-26 17:59:23 -The Aristocratic Peasant Girl - Wikipedia,"The Aristocratic Peasant Girl (Russian: Барышня-крестьянка, romanized: Baryshnya-krestyanka) is a 1995 Russian romantic drama film directed by Aleksey Sakharov.[1][2][3] - A young master visits a neighboring estate. The girl Lisa wants to meet him, but this is prevented by the conflict of their parents. Lisa found out that the master loves to walk in the woods in the morning and early in the morning sets off in search of him.[4] - This article related to Russian film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:59:27 -Bellamy (surname) - Wikipedia,"Bellamy is a surname of Norman origin, from the words beau/bel (good, fair, handsome) and -'ami' (friend, Companion, Kinsman). Ultimately deriving from the Latin ""Bellum""/""Bellus"" and ""Amicus"". -It could also be a local surname meaning 'from Belleme'. - Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 17:59:30 -Lies (McFly song) - Wikipedia," - ""Lies"" is the fifteenth single from British pop rock band, McFly, released on 15 September 2008. ""Lies"" did not feature on the promotional 10-track copy of the album Radio:Active which was given away in The Mail on Sunday in July 2008, however it features as one of the four additional tracks on the retail edition of the album, which was released on 22 September 2008. The lead vocals for the song are split between band members Danny Jones and Tom Fletcher, with vocal contributions from bassist Dougie Poynter. Upon release, the song reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 1 on the Scottish Singles Chart. - ""Lyrically, Lies is definitely the darkest song we've ever written,"" says Tom Fletcher, who shares vocals on the track with Danny Jones. ""It's about a real bitch of a girl who is out for herself and doesn't care who she uses to get what she wants. We did have a girl in mind when we wrote it, but really it's an amalgam of several girls we have met along the way. We hope she burns in hell at the end. A real good time tune then!"" On 17 September 2008 the song was added to both BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2's A-Lists. - ""Lies"" debuted at number No. 4, it sold 26,071 on the UK Singles Chart in its first week on sale. It peaked at No. 1 on the Scottish Singles Chart, giving McFly their ninth number-one single there. ""Lies"" has received a Platinum sales status certification for sales of over 170,000 copies in the Brazil.[1] The song appears on the international soundtrack to the Brazilian telenovela Caminho das Índias.[2] - The full music video is just over 6 minutes long, and received its premiere on Channel 4's teen strand, T4 on 23 August 2008, and Brazil its premiere on MTV Brasil on 7 October 2008. The video, directed by the duo Chris Hopewell and Ben Foley. - The music video takes place in an apocalyptic world where water is scarce and therefore a source of power. - The opening monologue of the video. - ""Now We have only the memories, of a green and pleasant land that lies below the countless fathoms. The lifeless seas, filthy and reeking, crept up on mankind, inch by inch. Slowly his clever water powered world ground to a halt. Brother fought Brother, Nation fought Nation. But there are those who flourish in this blight of times, they cleanse the water. Make it pure again. For a Price. Only the strong and the quick survive, living off their animal cunning, always mobile in the endless search of the life bringing water. In their cities of fire and steel, these all powerful water barons, now run the world. Holding all to ransom in a firestorm of fear."" - In the start of the video, it starts with a monologue as the band are in a water powered van in the vast and lonely landscape. -However the van grinds to a halt as the water cells that power the van have stopped working as they ran out of water. They then push their van towards the closest civilization they can find. However being watched by one of the water barons. - As they then reach the city, they are met with some of the security and guides to bring them around the city to get what they are looking for however throughout the path, they encounter different people and surroundings as they get pushed along towards to where they need to get the cleaned water. Once they get to where they are needed they get stopped by the Water baron of the city and they get sent off to be at the stage as a way of ""payment"". Then the boys are on a stage performing as everything is made from loads of scrap objects. They then had enough of performing and then get into a fight with some of the members of the Barons gang. Initially they beat them away only leaving Tom and the baroness to fight it off. It seemed the baron would have won however Tom defeats the baroness. In the light of a celebration however, a big chainsaw wielding thug comes out. The boys then decide it's best to leave as they take whatever they can and fuel up. They then leave in their van, however by the end of the video the van breaks down on their escape. - The video ends as the baroness and the chainsaw thug go after them as the screen quickly blacks out. Unsure if the boys have escaped. The baroness is played by Jo-Emma Larvin. - UK CD1 - UK CD2 - UK DVD single - -",2023-08-26 17:59:34 -Bermbach (surname) - Wikipedia,"Bermbach is a German language surname.[1] Notable people with the name include: -",2023-08-26 17:59:37 -Tam O'Shanter Overture - Wikipedia," - The Tam o' Shanter Overture, Op. 51 by Malcolm Arnold is a piece of programme music based on the famous poem by Robert Burns. It was completed in March 1955. - The overture was first performed at the BBC Proms on 17 August 1955, with the composer conducting the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. Two months later he supervised the first recording of the work by the Philharmonia Orchestra under his assistant conductor, John Hollingsworth. - Despite his many accomplishments in the musical realm, Malcolm Arnold was known for being a drunkard and rather promiscuous, which perhaps was the greatest inspiration for the Tam O’Shanter Overture. The piece is based on an epic poem by Robert Burns which tells of a farmer and drunkard by the name of Tam O’Shanter, a Scotsman, who gets intoxicated with friends in a local tavern while his angry wife waits for him at home. Within the piece, his drunkenness is portrayed by the bassoon theme at the very beginning. On his way back, he stumbles into the Kirk-Alloway (a church) filled with witches and goblins dancing about. Terrified, Tam scurries away on his horse while being chased by the ghouls. A Scottish theme and Tam's drunkenness reoccur throughout the piece. Two piccolos play a short folk tune randomly throughout. The piece is sprinkled with chromatic runs and scales to portray Tam's hurried scampering as he runs into all sorts of trouble crossing the Brig O'Doon with his beloved horse, a grey mare, named Meg (or Maggie). - It is dedicated to John Michael Diack, director of Arnold's then publishing company Paterson Sons & Co. - - This article about a classical composition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:59:41 -Stellify - Wikipedia," - ""Stellify"" is the first single from Ian Brown's sixth solo album My Way. It was the first time that Brown ""sort of consciously sat down and decided to write a love song"".[1] The song was released on 21 September 2009. In an interview with XFM Manchester he claimed that the song was originally written for Rihanna, for her upcoming studio album, but he realised he had created ""a great sound"" so claimed the track for himself.[2] The song charted at No.31 in the UK and as of 2020, remains his last top 40 hit as a solo artist. -",2023-08-26 17:59:44 -Curadmír - Wikipedia," -The Curadmír, modern Curadhmhír (Champion's Portion)[1] was an ancient custom referred to in early Irish literature, whereby the warrior acknowledged as the bravest present at a feast was given precedence and awarded the choicest cut of meat. This was often disputed violently. The custom appears most often in the legends of the Ulster Cycle. It is parallelled by historical customs of the ancient Celts of continental Europe, as recorded by classical writers. - The Ulster Cycle saga Scéla Mucce Meic Dá Thó (""The Story of Mac Dá Tho's Pig"") features a dispute over the Champion's Portion between warriors of Ulster and Connacht who are guests at a feast in Leinster. They dispute it by boasting of their previous heroic deeds, and eventually the Connacht hero Cet mac Mágach is acknowledged as the bravest man present. Just as he is about to carve the pig, the Ulster hero Conall Cernach arrives, and his boasts force Cet to give way to him. But he claims that Conall would have had to give way to his brother Anlúan had he been there. Conall responds by tossing Cet Anlúan's freshly severed head. Conall carves the pig, but gives the Connachtmen such a small portion that battle breaks out between them.[2] - Another Ulster Cycle saga which involves the Curadmír is Fled Bricrenn (""Bricriu's Feast""). The notorious troublemaker Bricriu invites the Ulstermen to a feast. Before it starts he visits three heroes, Cúchulainn, Conall Cernach and Lóegaire Búadach, privately, and advises each of them to claim the Champion's Portion, which at this feast includes not only a roast boar but also a cauldron of wine and a hundred cakes of wheat baked in honey. All three stand up to claim it, and fighting nearly breaks out. To avoid violence the Champion's Portion is shared out among the Ulstermen, and Ailill and Medb, king and queen of Connacht, and then Cú Roí of Munster, are asked to judge the dispute. A series of tests of skill and courage are set, and after each of them Cúchulainn is judged to have won, but Conall and Lóegaire refuse to accept the judgement, and the Champion's Portion goes unawarded. Then, when the three heroes are at Emain Macha, they are visited by a giant churl who challenges them each in turn to behead him, and then allow him to behead them the following day. Lóegaire, Conall and Cúchulainn all behead the churl, who picks up his head and leaves, but Lóegaire and Conall are nowhere to be found when he returns the following day. Only Cúchulainn keeps his side of the bargain. He stretches out his neck for the axe, but the churl spares him in recognition of his courage and honour. He reveals himself as Cú Roí, and announces that the Champion's Portion is indisputably Cúchulainn's.[3] - Athenaeus, quoting the lost work of the 1st/2nd century BC Greek historian and geographer Posidonius, says that it was formerly the custom among the Celts for the hind quarter of pork to be claimed by the bravest man, and disputes over who this was would be settled by single combat to the death.[4] Diodorus Siculus also says that the Celts gave the best joints of meat to the most distinguished men.[5] -",2023-08-26 17:59:47 -Martin F. Jarrold - Wikipedia,"Martin F. Jarrold is a physical and analytical chemist known for contributions to ion-mobility spectrometry, heat capacity measurements of metal clusters, and charge detection mass spectrometry. Martin is the Robert & Marjorie Mann Chair in the Department of Chemistry at Indiana University. - Martin F. Jarrold grew up in England. He attended the University of Warwick in Coventry, England and obtained both a Bachelor of Science (1977) and PhD (1980).[1] Jarrold came to the United States as a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California in Santa Barbara. Joining the Physics Research Division of AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey after UCSB. There, he focused on determining the physical and chemical properties of semiconductor clusters. In 1992, he became Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University, and was later named Dow Chemical Company Research Professor in 2000. While at Northwestern, he worked on advanced mass spectrometry-based-methods to study peptides and proteins. In the summer of 2002, he moved to Indiana University as Professor and a Robert & Marjorie Mann Chair in the Department of Chemistry.[2] - Jarrold's research focuses include use of ion-mobility spectrometry to analyze proteins, peptides, clusters, and other biomolecules. Through ion mobility spectrometry, his group was able to see deviations from the native state and different conformations (different protein folding modes).[3] Some of Jarrold's more recent research has investigated the formation of viral capsids by analyzing the intermediates in their formation with charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS).[4] Jarrold has been involved in the publication of over 250 articles.[5] - On June 8, 2018, Jarrold received the John B. Fenn Award at the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Conference for his work in ion mobility spectrometry. This award is given to those who have made distinguished contributions to the mass spectrometry field.[6] -",2023-08-26 17:59:50 -Gary Allan High School - Wikipedia,"Gary Allan High School (GAHS) is a public secondary school located in Halton Region, Ontario, Canada. GAHS, part of the Halton District School Board. - GAHS is oriented towards adult, alternative and Community Education programs. - Gary Allan High School is named after Gary Allan, a Canadian educator. - The school uses the site that was previously General Brock High School.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas43°20′36″N 79°46′38″W / 43.3433°N 79.7772°W / 43.3433; -79.7772 - This Ontario school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:59:55 -Stanleya (gastropod) - Wikipedia," - Rumella Bourguignat, 1885 · - Stanleya is a genus of freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Paludomidae. [2] - Rumella is the type genus of the tribe Rumellini.[3] - Species in the genus Stanleya include: - - This Paludomidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 17:59:58 -Ochsenfurt station - Wikipedia,"Ochsenfurt station is a railway station in the municipality of Ochsenfurt, located in the district of Würzburg in Lower Franconia, Germany. -",2023-08-26 18:00:02 -Anna Jordan - Wikipedia," -Anna Jordan (born 28 September 1979) is an English playwright, director, screenwriter and acting tutor. Her work has been presented at The Royal Court, Royal Exchange (Manchester) and internationally, with several productions of her plays in the United States and Germany, versions in Sweden, Ireland and productions planned in New Zealand, Canada and Turkey.[1] - Jordan grew up in Brentford, West London, with a theatrical family.[2] - Although both parents were actors, her journey after graduating from LAMDA drama school was not easy, so she began making and writing her own work. She then set up her own company, Without A Paddle, now a multiple award-winning theatre company and network.[3] - “There’s an obsession with discovering young, debut writers that carries an unrealistic burden of expectation,” Jordan says. “Even though winning the Bruntwood opened all sorts of doors, I’m hopefully a lot more level-headed about it than I would have been 10 years ago. 'Yen' isn’t my first play, but my seventh or eighth full-length piece.”[2] She said that she does not ""believe in writing plays without humour and hope.""[4] - Among her favorite writers are Jim Cartwright, Simon Stephens, David Eldridge and Sarah Kane. However, she states that her ""first and greatest inspiration was John Sullivan’s 'Only Fools and Horses'.""[2] - Jordan directed Tomorrow I’ll Be Happy by Jonathan Harvey for Lost Theatre as part of National Theatre Connections. The play ran from 27 February 2013 to 2 March 2013.[5] - The British Theatre Guide reviewer of her play Chicken Shop wrote: ""She is indubitably one of the hottest young talents around, so race to both the Park and 503 to catch her two fine plays while you have the chance.""[6] Chicken Shop won the London Fringe Production of the Year' Award for 2014.[7] - Her play Freak premiered at the Assembly George Square Studios, Edinburgh, from 31 July 2014 to 25 August 2014, produced by Theatre 503 and Polly Ingham Productions. The British Theatre Guide reviewer wrote: ""With two assured performances and a strong text, 'Freak' proves to be both lively and thoughtful and should prove very popular, especially with younger women.""[8] The play then ran at Theatre 503 in London from 2 September 2014 to 27 September 2014.[9] - Her play Yen premiered at the Royal Exchange, Manchester in February 2015. The play revolves around two teen brothers who live alone, having been abandoned by their mother.[10] Yen opened Off-Broadway in a MCC Theater production on 31 January 2017 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre. Directed by Trip Cullman, the cast features Justice Smith, Ari Graynor, and Lucas Hedges.[11] In his review of the Off-Broadway production for The New York Times, Ben Brantley wrote: "" 'Yen' is a thoughtful play, for sure, but too often you’re aware of the wheels churning behind it. And while everything clicks thematically (and symbolically), you may feel that the characters are being pushed into climactic positions by authorial hands...The production is most articulate at its least verbal, when the cast members give fractured physical life to their emotional confusion. ""[12] - She has also written for television, contributing episodes of Killing Eve, Succession and Becoming Elizabeth. She is set to write on Netflix's adaptation of One Day.[13] - Jordan is currently establishing a new, low-cost training programme for actors at the Hackney Showroom. She has taught and directed at Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, Arts Ed, RADA and Identity, and has written for LAMDA and Central School of Speech and Drama. She coaches privately and runs the WAP Weekly Workout for Professional Actors.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:00:05 -Speedy Walker - Wikipedia," - Ion Sessions ""Speedy"" Walker (December 12, 1906 – March 1, 2004) was a college football and basketball player for the Florida Gators. He served in the Army in World War 2.[1] - Walker was born in Olivet, Michigan to Osa Walker and Lottie Sessions. By 1920 his family has moved to Oldsmar. Walker attended Hillsborough High School in Tampa, playing on the football team and basketball team with Dutch Stanley, where they were runner-up for the 1923 state football title, losing to Lakeland High School and Goof Bowyer. - He was a prominent triple threat halfback for coach Tom Sebring's Florida Gators football teams in 1926 and 1927.[2] The smallest member of the backfield,[3] Walker played as a quarterback in 1924 on the freshman team.[4][5][6] He backed up Bowyer at quarterback on the varsity.[7] He was also the senior captain of the basketball team during the 1927–28 season.[8][9][10] He was a forward on the basketball team.[11] He also lettered in baseball.[12] He was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame. - Following graduation, he coached the athletic teams at Bay County High School in Panama City.[13] -",2023-08-26 18:00:09 -Yuebeipotamon - Wikipedia," - Yuebeipotamon calciatile is a species of potamid crab from hill streams and pools in north Guangdong, China.[1][2] Although essentially a freshwater crab, its long legs are believed to allow it to easily walk over land between streams.[1] It was first discovered in a Chinese pet market.[3][4] It is the only species in the genus Yuebeipotamon. The legs and claws are bright red to purplish and the carapace, which typically is between 17 and 41 mm (0.7–1.6 in) wide, is mainly maroon to dark brown.[1] - - This crab article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:00:12 -Rui Yoshida - Wikipedia,"Rui Yoshida (1864–1954) was a daughter born to a family of Japanese artists five generations ago. Through those five generations, the Yoshida artists evolved from using a traditional Japanese style to producing modern Western-style art, and finally to post-modernism. Although not an artist herself, Rui was the key figure who nurtured and shaped those who did become artists. - When Rui was born in the mid-19th century, the Yoshida family was making traditional paintings for the Nakatsu warrior clan in what is now Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. However, no males were born into the family to carry on the Yoshida name and work. As was often done in Japan at the time, a family without a male heir would adopt a male from another family. Rui’s parents selected a young man, Kasaburō Haruno (1861–1894), whose father was also a painter for the Nakatsu clan, to be their adopted son and to marry Rui. Kasaburō had been trained by early Western-style artists in Kyoto in their use of sketch, watercolors, and oils. Later he became an art teacher at Shūyūkan Junior High School in Fukuoka. There he became a pioneer in the Western-style by starting an art club and by writing two manuals on learning to paint with Western-style oils. (Allen et al., 19-20) - Because Kasaburō's health was declining and because Rui had as yet not borne a son, they decided to adopt a male from another family, just as Rui’s parents had done. Kasaburō’s most promising art student was Hiroshi Ueda (1876–1950). In 1891 they adopted him. Hiroshi Yoshida was immediately sent to study with leading Western-style artists in Kyoto. Kasaburō died at the age of 33, just three years after Hiroshi was adopted. That meant that the 18-year-old Hiroshi, with Rui his adoptive mother, became the head of the Yoshida family with its five children. (Allen, et al., 20) - In the same year that Kasaburō died, Hiroshi and Rui took the family to Tokyo where he could study with even more important artists. During those difficult times, Rui, who had been instrumental with her husband in choosing Hiroshi, now assisted and guided him. For example, she ground pigments by hand, mixed them with oil, and put them into tubes for Hiroshi to use in painting. (Skibbe, 36-7) At that time, as well as later, Rui was the strength and continuity behind the emerging artists. - In 1907 Hiroshi married his own adoptive sister Fujio Yoshida (1887–1987), the sister who had shown the most talent in art. (For a photo of the Yoshida family at time of the wedding, see Yasunaga, 172) He had actually tutored her in art before they married, and that continued. Much of what Fujio did at this young age reflected Hiroshi’s style. But as time went on, the talent Hiroshi had initially seen in Fujio's work began to reveal her independent insight and aesthetic. A large exhibit of Fujio’s work in 2002 at the Fuchu Museum near Tokyo showed that. (Yamamura) That was one reason why joint exhibits of Fujio’s and Hiroshi’s watercolors in the United States in the early 20th century were so popular with the American art public and resulted so many sales. (Skibbe, in Andon, 40) - Fujio’s first child, daughter Chisato, was born in 1908. A son, Tōshi Yoshida (1911–1995), followed in 1911. Two months after this, Chisato died, and within a year Toshi contracted infantile paralysis. Both children had been placed in the care of servants while Fujio yielded to Hiroshi’s demands that she advance her career. (Allen, et al., 157) - After tragedy struck both of her children, Fujio blamed herself, fell into prolonged grief, and ceased painting for almost ten years. (Allen, et al., 156-7) During that time Rui took care of her, and the disabled Toshi, and the household. Rui read to her young grandson in bed and told him stories. Later, when Hiroshi and Fujio went on another tour through the United States in 1923-1925, Rui and Toshi stayed with Rui’s belatedly borne son, Masao, who was now a university professor. During this time of caring for Tōshi, she encouraged him to learn how to sketch animals, because that subject-matter would clearly differentiate his art from that of his father. A few years later, the first woodblock prints he made were of animals. (Skibbe, 37) Hiroshi's and Fujio's other son, Hodaka Yoshida (1926–1995), also became an artist, quite independently and entirely different from his father. (Allen, et al., 111) - Toshi was the designated heir of the Yoshida tradition. His father, however, continued to be just as demanding of him as he had been of Fujio. After a grueling sketching and painting trip to India and the far East, Hiroshi and the 19-year-old Tōshi returned home, with Tōshi extremely tired and depressed. Once again, Rui took over. When the father forbade Toshi to listen to the radio, Rui provided Western novels and music for him and nursed him back to health. In later years, Tōshi was unequivocal. It was not his father or his mother, but his grandmother Rui, who was most instrumental in his becoming an artist. (Skibbe, 39) In Tōshi’s first large woodblock print, his first print after World War II, he portrayed the interior of a Buddhist temple; to one side is an old bent-over woman wearing glasses and walking with a cane. It was his homage to Rui. Rui actually outlived Hiroshi, her adopted son, dying in 1954 at the age of 90. (Skibbe, 48) - Toshi was right about Rui’s importance, not only because of her profound influence on himself as an artist, but also because she was a force for stability and inspiration for the whole family during crucial times in its history. The larger story of the Yoshida family shows clearly how the Japanese often enhanced certain desirable traits in their families, in a sense inserting desirable genes by means of adoption and arranged marriage. Beyond this, Rui by strength of character guided and nurtured individuals in her family to the fourth generation, enhancing her family’s depth and diversity of artistic talent. Because of this, the Yoshida family artists exemplify key developments in modern Japanese art history, leading into post-modernism in the work of Hodaka's and Chizuko Yoshida's daughter, Ayomi Yoshida. -",2023-08-26 18:00:16 -Megadictynidae - Wikipedia," - - Megadictynidae is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967.[1] They are endemic to New Zealand.[2] - As of May 2018[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted two genera, each with a single species:[2] - - This article related to araneomorph spiders is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:00:19 -Springfield Model 1869 - Wikipedia,"The Springfield Model 1869 was one of several model ""trapdoor Springfields"", which used the trapdoor breechblock design developed by Erskine S. Allin. - Originally, the trapdoor Springfields were created to convert Model 1863 Springfield rifled muskets to breech-loading rifles at a relatively low cost. - The Model 1869 Cadet Rifle was a shortened version of the Springfield Model 1868. It had a 29.5 inch barrel, compared to the 32.5 inch barrel of the Model 1868, and had an overall length of 48.8 inches. The Model 1869 was produced using Model 1868 receivers and breech blocks, but used a stock that was manufactured specifically for the Model 1869. The Model 1869 had a narrower buttplate and the stock around the barrel was thinner than on the Model 1868. - This model has its own sequence of serial numbers, running from 1 to approx. 3422. -",2023-08-26 18:00:22 -Jebel Sherif - Wikipedia,"Jebel Sherif (Arabic: جبل شريف, Jabal ash Sherif) is a mountain in southeastern Libya, about 130 km southwest of Kufra. It was the site of an action during the Battle of Kufra. -  WikiMiniAtlas23°13′13.7″N 22°47′33.8″E / 23.220472°N 22.792722°E / 23.220472; 22.792722 - - This Libya location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Africa mountain, mountain range, or peak related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:00:25 -Kevin Barnett - Wikipedia," - Kevin Rees Barnett (born May 14, 1974) is an American former volleyball player. He played for the United States national team at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. - Barnett worked as a broadcaster for the Pac-12 Networks and FOX Sports West in Los Angeles, as well as teaming with Paul Sunderland for indoor volleyball during the Olympics.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:00:28 -"Krzesin, Łódź Voivodeship - Wikipedia","Krzesin [ˈkʂɛɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kutno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Kutno and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. - -  WikiMiniAtlas52°14′50.2″N 19°17′24.8″E / 52.247278°N 19.290222°E / 52.247278; 19.290222 - - This Kutno County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:00:31 -Listed buildings in Cullingworth - Wikipedia," - - Cullingworth is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It contains 21 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to ""buildings of national importance and special interest"".[1] The parish contains the village of Cullingworth and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses and cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings. The other listed buildings are churches and associated structures, a former chapel, and a war memorial - Download coordinates as: -",2023-08-26 18:00:35 -Ergi Dini - Wikipedia,"Ergi Dini (15 October 1994 – 21 November 2016) was a well-known singer and the winner of the third season of X Factor Albania.[1] Dini was born in Shkodra, Albania on October 15, 1994 and began singing as a soloist at children's festivals. He was the brother of the famous singer Barbana Dini. Ergi Dini attended the Jordan Misja Artistic Lyceum in Tirana. - The year 2013 marked a turning point in Dini's career. He decided to appear in the auditions of X Factor Albania where Ergi stood out for his voice timber, vocal potency and interpretation of songs. His work was highly praised by the X Factor jury and was always considered the most likely winner of this competition. - On February 23, 2014, Ergi Dini was announced the winner of the third season of X Factor. Sarah, the 3rd competitor from Italy, was ranked 3rd among the best, only to remain in the strong competition between two boys like Ergi Dini & Senad Rrahmani. With a majority of votes from the public, Dini managed to become the winner, thus making his mentor Tuna the winner for the second time. - On April 9, 2015, Ergi Dini released the music video for ""Morphine"". This was the first single and the first video clip of the artist from Shkodra. The song was sung in Gheg Albanian and was very carefully curated. - In September 2015, Ergi Dini participated in the Kënga Magjike 2015 with the song ""Pa Fryme"", with music and lyrics by Dini himself and orchestrated by Darko Dimitrov. - On April 15, 2016, Ergi Dini published the video clip ""Asnji Gram"". The music and lyrics were written by Dini himself, while Alandy took care of the orchestration. The video clip was produced by Max Production. - Ergi Dini died on November 21, 2016 in a motorcycle accident in Tirana.[2] - On October 15, 2019, a posthumous music video ""Ku Je?"" was released In collaboration with Barbana Dini. The music of the song was composed by Ergi Dini, the lyrics were written by Ergi Dini & Pandi Laço, while the orchestration was provided by Irkenc Hyka. The video clip was produced by MAX Production. After 3 years, Barbana Dini has fulfilled the will of her brother, making it possible for him to present the song in collaboration with her late brother on the day of his twenty-fifth birthday. The song was promoted in the studio of the show ""Rudina"", where Barbana was accompanied by her hero, as she considers her father, Mr. Dashamir Dini. -",2023-08-26 18:00:38 -List of settlements in Sabaragamuwa Province - Wikipedia,"Sabaragamuwa Province is a province of Sri Lanka, containing the Kegalle District and Ratnapura District. The following is a list of settlements in the province. - - - Abuwangala, Adavikanda, Adawikanda, Adikariya, Agalagama, Agalagamuwa, Agalawatta, Agalekumbura, Agaregama, Ahaspokuna, Ahuliyadda, Akarella, Akurana, Akurugegangoda, Akwatta, Alagalkanda, Alagalla, Alakolaella, Alankarapanguwa, Alapaladeniya, Alapalawala, Alawala, Alawatura, Alawwa, Aldora, Algama, Algama Egodagama, Algama Ihalagama, Algama Medagama, Algoda, Alkegama, Allagalla, Alpitiya, Aludeniya, Aluketiya, Alupatgala, Alupola, Alupota, Alutnuwara, Amanawala, Amarakonmulla, Amarakoonmulla, Ambagahakanda, Ambagala, Ambakumbura, Ambalakanda, Ambalanpitiya, Ambalanyaya, Ambamalla, Ambanpitiya, Ambatenna, Ambawala, Ambepussa, Ambulugala, Ambuwakka, Ambuwangala, Amitirigala, Ammuduwa, Ampagala, Ampana, Ampe, Amuhenkanda, Amunumulla, Amunutenna, Amupitiya, Amutagoda, Amuwatta, Amuwatugoda, Andadola, Andanawa, Andaoluwa, Andiramada, Andiyamalatenna, Andoluwa, Anduwawala, Angammana, Anghandiya, Angoda, Angodakanda, Anguruwawala, Anguruwella, Anhandiya, Anhettigama, Anwarama, Arabboda, Arachchikumbura, Arama, Arambegama, Aranayaka, Arandara, Arawegoda, Aruggammana, Aruggoda, Arukgammana, Arukmulla, Aruppala, Asamanakanda, Asgangula, Asideniya, Asmadala, Assedduma, Asseddungoda, Asseddunwela, Atakalanpanne, Atalawa, Atale, Atallawela, Ataudakanda, Athalawa, Attanagoda, Attapitiya, Atugoda, Atulugama, Aturaliya, Aturupana, Ayagama - Badahela, Badahelagoda, Badahelgoda, Badanamure, Badullawala, Badullegama, Badulupitiya, Baduwalakanda, Bagature, Bakmideniya, Bakulwala, Balagangoda, Balaharuwa, Balakottunna, Balakotuwa, Balangoda, Balatgomuwa, Balavinna, Balawane, Balawatgama, Balawathgama, Balawinna, Balibatgoda, Balibathgoda, Balinduwawa, Ballahela, Ballapana, Ballapanatenna, Bambarabotuwa, Bambarabotuwegkanda, Bambaragala, Bambaragama, Bambaragastenna, Bampane, Bamunagammana, Bamunaulla, Banagoda, Basnagala, Basnagoda, Batadure, Bataendiriya, Batakada, Batambure, Batangala, Batatota, Batawala, Batayaya, Batepola, Batewela, Batgangoda, Batugedara, Batugedera, Batupitiya, Batuwana, Batuwatta, Batuwita, Beddawala, Belgoda, Beligala, Beligammana, Beligoda, Beligodapitiya, Belihul Oya, Belihulwana, Beliketiya, Belimaliyadda, Bellangama, Bellankanda, Beminiwatta, Bendaluwa, Beragala, Berannawa, Berendeniya, Berenduwa, Berranawa, Beruwala, Betmegedara, Bewila, Bewilehena, Bibila, Bibilegama, Binnegama, Bintenigolla, Bisowela, Bodawala, Bodimalgoda, Bodimaluwa, Bogahakumbura, Bogahakumburuwela, Bogala, Bogamuwa, Bogoda-aramba, Bohara, Bohettiya, Bohora, Bokolamulla, Bolagama, Boltumbe, Bopetta, Bopitigoda, Bopitiya, Boralankanda, Boranjamuwa, Boruggamuwa, Bossella, Botiyatenna, Bowalgaha, Bowatta, Boyagama, Boyagoda, Budawatta, Budunwela, Bulatgama, Bulathkohupitiya, Bulatkohupitiya, Bulatwatta, Bulatwelgoda, Bulatwelkanda, Bulugahapitiya, Bulugammana, Buluruppa, Bulutota, Buluwana, Bungeriya, Bungiriya, Burunnawa, Buthkanda, Butkanda - Colombage-ara - Dadayankanda, Dahenpahuwa, Dalumurawatta, Damahana, Dambawinna, Dambemada, Dambulla, Dambuluwana, Damme, Dampelgoda, Damunupola, Danagama, Dandawa, Dandeniya Pahala, Dangampala, Dankolagune, Dankumbura, Dannoruwa, Daswatta, Davulkaragoda, Dayigala Ihala, Dayigala Pahala, Debagama, Debathgama, Dedigama, Dedugala, Degalaeriya, Deharagoda, Dehenakanda, Deheragoda, Dehigahapitiya, Dehigampala, Dehigastalawa, Dehimaduwa, Dehiowita, Dehipahala, Dehipitiya, Deiyagala, Dela, Delarawa, Deldeniya, Delgahagoda, Delgahatenna, Delgamuwa, Delgoda, Delgomuwa, Deliwala, Dellaboda, Deloluwa, Delpatdeniya, Delpothdeniya, Delwala, Demada, Demalahiriya, Demanagammana, Dembatanpitiya, Demodara, Denagama, Denawaka Patakada, Denawaka Udakada, Denawakawatta, Denihena, Denuwakanda, Depedene, Deraniyagala, Dessepota, Detabodakanda, Detawala, Devanagala, Dewalagama, Dewanagala, Dewaragampola, Digadure, Digalla, Diganakanda, Digogedara, Digowa, Dikelikanda, Dikella, Dikellekanda, Dimbulgamuwa, Dimbulwala, Dimiyawa, Dimiyawegodella, Dippitigala, Dippitiya, Divurumpitiya, Diwala Pallegama, Diwala Udagama, Diwelgama, Diyabibile, Diyagala, Diyagama, Diyahitiyawala, Diyainna, Diyapota, Diyasunnata, Diyawinna, Dodammuluwa, Dodampe, Dodampegoda, Dodampitiya, Dodantale, Dodawatta, Dolekanda, Doloswala, Doloswalkanda, Dombagammana, Dombagaswinna, Dombemada, Dombepola, Dompemulla, Dompitiya, Dooldeniya, Doolgala, Doranuwa, Dorapane, Dorawaka, Dorawela, Duldeniya, Dumbara, Dumbuluwa, Dumbuluwawa, Dumbuluwawaka, Dumbuluwewa, Dummaladeniya, Dunugama, Dunukewala, Dunumale, Dunumandalawa, Duragekanda, Durakanda - Ebetota, Ebidigala, Edanduwawa, Edurapola, Edurapota, Egalla, Egallekanda, Eggodakanda, Egodagoda, Egodakanda, Egodawatugoda, Egolla, Ehalagaha-arawa, Ehelekumbura, Eheliyagoda, Ekiriyagala, Ekneligoda, Ela-Ihala, Elagalla, Elamaideniya, Elamalpe, Elangipitiya, Elapata, Elibodakanda, Ella, Ellawala, Ellawala Ihalagama, Ellawala Pahalagama, Ellearawa, Ellegedara, Ellehena, Ellekanda, Ellepola, Ellewatta, Elugala, Elugalla, Eluwana, Eluwana, Embilipitiya, Embilipitiya Pallegama, Embilmiwala, Embuldeniya, Embulmiwala, Emitiyagoda, Endana, Endirikele, Endiriyanwala, Epalapitiya, Epalatotuwa, Epalawa, Epitawala, Eppelapitiya, Erabadda, Erabadupela, Erabedda, Erabudupitiya, Erabuduwala, Eraminigammana, Eratnagoda, Eregama, Erepola, Ereporuwa, Ereporuwa, Erevupola, Eriyawa, Etaheraliyagoda, Etawakwala, Etnawala, Etoya, Evunugalla - Gabbala, Gabbela, Gabbelawatta, Gadapola, Galadeniya, Galahitigama, Galahitiya, Galamella, Galapahalagama, Galapaya, Galapitamada, Galapitimada, Galatara, Galaudakanda, Galayatakanatta, Galboda, Galbokaya, Galenda, Galgomuwa, Galkaduwa, Galkanda, Galkandagoda, Galkerekanda, Galketiya, Gallassapola, Gallela, Gallelletota, Gallenakanda, Gallinna, Galpallelanda, Galpata, Galpaya, Galpola, Galukagama, Galwalagoda, Gamagepetta, Gamekkanda, Gamikkanda, Gammanagoda, Gammannagoda, Gammedda, Gampalawalakada, Ganegama, Ganegangoda, Ganegoda, Gangalagomuwa, Gangekumbura, Gangoda, Gangodagama, Gangodakanda, Gangodakumbura, Gangulwitiya, Ganitapura, Ganithapura, Gansabhawa, Gantuna Pallegama, Gantuna Udagama, Gantune-Pallegama, Gantune-Udagama, Garagoda, Gasnawa, Gawaragiriya, Gayirenagama, Gerandiella, Gerapatgama, Getaberikanda, Getahetta, Getamuruta, Getangama, Getiyamulla, Gevilipitiya, Gilimale, Ginihappitiya, Ginitillawala, Giramadola, Glenella, Godagama, Godagampola, Godagandeniya, Godagedara, Godakawela, Godakumbura, Godapola, Godawela, Godayakanda, Godella, Godigamuwa, Golahela, Gomaduwa, Gomiarawa, Gonagala, Gonagaldeniya, Gonagomuwa, Gonakumbura, Gonapitiya, Gonaramba, Gonawala, Gondiwala, Gorokgahamada, Gulanekanda, Guriyamba, Gurubewila, Gurubewilagama, Gurugalla, Gurulawella, Guruluwana - Haalmessa, Habalakkawa, Habbeliara, Habbunkaduwa, Hakahinna, Hakamuwa, Hakurugammana, Hakuruliyadda, Halagiriya, Halaturakele - Idampitiya, Idangoda, Iddamalgoda, Iddawala, Iduranpitiya, Ihala Dayigala, Ihala Kalugala, Ihala Pohorabawa, Ihalagalagama, Ihalagama, Ihalakanda, Ihalakotte, Ilipangamuwa, Illukpitiya, Illuktenna, Ilubbuluwa, Ilukgoda, Ilukkumbura, Ilukkumburagoda, Ilukkumburugoda, Ilukpitiya, Iluktenna, Ilwana, Imbulamura, Imbulana, Imbulgala, Imbulgoda, Imbulhititenna, Imbulpe, Imbulpitiya, Imekanda, Imewatta, Indikatupana, Indolewatta, Indurana, Induranpitiya, Induruwa, Ingiriyawatta, Iriyamaditta, Iriyaulla, Ittekanda - Jatunkanda, Jeewana, Jeewandeniya, Jiwana, Jiwanadeniya - Kabagamuwa, Kabulumulla, Kachchigala, Kadadora, Kadadorakanda, Kadawatakanda, Kadawattiya, Kadigamuwa, Kadigomuwa, Kadigomuwa - Labugama, Lahupane, Lakmana, Lambutuwa, Landuyaya, Lassegama, Lassekanda, Leeniyagala, Lekamagoda, Lekamgoda, Lekangoda, Lellagoda, Lellopitiya, Lenagala, Lenagala Ihala, Lenagala Pahala, Lendaramulla, Lessagama, Leuke, Lewala, Lewangama Dumbuluwa, Lewangama Pahalagama, Lewangama Talawatta, Lewangama Udagammedda, Liniyagala, Liniyakaduwa, Liyana-arachchigama, Liyanagegama, Liyandawela, Liyangahatota, Liyangastota, Lolgoda - Maboda, Mabopitiya, Madagammana, Madakandura, Madalagama, Madalagama, Madampe, Madana, Madare - Naberiyawa, Nabuluwa, Nabuluwa, Nadeniya, Nagoda, Nagomuwa, Nahalwatura, Nahitiya, Nakandala, Nakkawita - Obokka, Oddape, Oddare, Okanmulla, Olagama, Olitenna, Olugala, Olugantota, Omalpe, Opanake, Opata, Opata, Opata, Opatha, Otnapitiya, Owala, Owala Kudabage, Owala Mahabage, Owatta, Owatta, Owatura, Owitigamuwa, Owitiwara - Padalangala, Padawigampola, Padidora, Padugama, Pagalowita, Pagoda, Pahala Dayigala, Pahala Hinguruwaka, Pahala Kalugala, Pahala Pohorabawa - Rabbidigala, Radagoda, Raddella, Ragala, Ragalkanda, Rahala, Rajawaka, Rakwana, Rambuka, Rambukanagama - Sannasgama, Selawa, Silanarawa, Silogama, Singagoda, Singahagoda, Singappulikanda, Sinhalagoda, Sitagalapanguwa, Sitagangula, Siyambalangamuwa, Siyambalapitiya, Siyambalapitiya, Siyambalapitiya, Siyambalawa, Siyambalawala, Siyambalawala, Sudagala, Suduhakurukanda, Suriyakanda, Rassagala - Talagahawatta, Talagahayaya, Talagaskanda, Talangama, Talangama, Talapitiya, Talapitiya, Talawatta, Taldewa, Talduwa - Uda Beddewala, Uda Beddewela, Uda Dadayankanda, Uda Galadeniya, Uda Hinguruwaka, Uda Karandupone, Uda Pamunuwa, Uda Yogama, Udabage, Udagama - Veddagala - Wadakahadeniya, Wadamaldeniya, Waddeniya, Wadiyatenna, Wadukanda, Wadumulla, Wadupola, Waduwadeniya, Waduwawela, Waguregama -",2023-08-26 18:00:41 -Thomas Pridgen - Wikipedia," - Thomas Armon Pridgen (born November 23, 1983) is an American drummer, best known for his role as the drummer of The Mars Volta from October 2006 until October 2009. He is touring with rapper Residente and is the drummer for hardcore punk band Trash Talk, as well as his own project The Memorials. In 2023 he joined Fever 333. - Pridgen won the Guitar Center Drum-Off at age nine, and at age ten was the youngest recipient for a Zildjian endorsement in the nearly 400-year history of the company. Pridgen is also naturally left-handed, but plays the drum kit as if he is a right-hander with his kit set-up right-handed. Pridgen has studied with David Garibaldi, Walfredo Reyes Sr., Troy Lucketta, and Curtis Nutall. He endorses DW Drums, Zildjian Cymbals, Evans Drumheads, Audix Microphones, and Zildjian Drumsticks (as of 2017). Pridgen was also the recipient of a four-year scholarship to Berklee College of Music in 1999 at the age of 15; he was the youngest musician to ever receive this scholarship.[2] He has played in clinics with Walfredo Reyes Jr. and Dennis Chambers. By his teenage years he had already done studio sessions with many Bay Area Gospel artists. - Pridgen's first non-gospel touring experience was as the drummer for The Coup, who he worked with in 2001 and 2002.[3] - In 2006, Pridgen received a call from Omar Rodríguez-López of The Mars Volta: - ""Omar asked if I wanted to come check out the band,"" Pridgen recalls from his home in El Cerrito, California. ""We talked on the phone for a couple of hours, and then I went to Ohio to meet them. Omar invited me to a back room, where the whole band was set up. We jammed for a good thirty minutes. He then said, 'We're going to play that groove tonight in front of everybody.' This was for a huge show in Cleveland, when the band was touring with the Red Hot Chili Peppers.[4] In 2007, Pridgen became the new permanent drummer for The Mars Volta. Pridgen's first appearance was at the March 12 show in New Zealand, where the band debuted the song ""Idle Tooth"" which was later renamed ""Wax Simulacra"" for the forthcoming album. After shows in New Zealand and Australia, The Mars Volta toured a few West Coast venues as the headliner, then entered the studio to record their fourth LP, The Bedlam in Goliath.[5] Pridgen's style on Bedlam in Goliath used ""blistering 32nd-note full-set combinations, stunning single-stroke rolls, and blazing single bass drum patterns""[4] along with creative and precise paradiddle technique. - Pridgen has been voted as 'Best Up and Coming Drummer' by Modern Drummer magazine. - Besides his work with The Mars Volta, he has also been involved with Christian Scott and Wicked Wisdom. Pridgen, for some time, was working with singer Keyshia Cole as her live and session drummer and being her music director. He also was featured alongside Tony Royster Jr., Eric Moore, and others in drumming DVD entitled ""Shed Sessions"", a Gospel Chops DVD. - Pridgen was also featured on the Modern Drummer 2008 DVD with footage from his performance at the festival. - In October 2009, Pridgen left The Mars Volta. To this day, the band has made no official statement as to the reason for the departure. Dave Elitch subsequently filled in the drummer position for the remainder of the tour, who was then replaced by Deantoni Parks. - On October 14, 2013, Mars Volta bassist Juan Alderete said on the podcast Let There Be Talk, that ""He's an amazing drummer, just not a mature dude. […][6] One night, he got super wasted, peed on the bus, started fighting with Cedric […].""[7] - In December 2009, Pridgen formed another band called The Memorials with friends and former students from Berklee College of Music - Viveca Hawkins (vocals) and Nick Brewer (guitars). - The band's self-titled debut was released on January 18, 2011. - By invitation of Elixir on Mute's headman Jordan Ferreira, Pridgen took part in the recording of the band's debut End of Sky (released September 1[clarification needed] 2010). - November 10, 2011, the band had decided upon a name, Giraffe Tongue Orchestra. By then the supergroup was working on writing songs.[8] - In January 2012, it was announced that fellow former The Mars Volta drummer Jon Theodore replaced Pridgen in Giraffe Tongue Orchestra,[9] though by March 2015, Pridgen once again became the drummer of GTO.[10] - The Memorials - Still working on his personal project The Memorials. His second album, Delirium, released on June 5, 2012. The track ""Fluorescent's Unforgiving"" was released via Soundcloud in November 2011. - TEN - Spring of 2012, teamed up with guitarist, Eric McFadden (P-Funk, The Animals, Stockholm Syndrome), and Fishbone bassist, Norwood Fisher. phYne Entertainment produced five tracks for the new trio in a San Francisco studio. The project is called, TEN, as there is talk of a tour in the fall. - Vigilant - Recording album with Jon Reshard, Chloe Pappas, Jordan Ferreira. Work to be released in 2012. - Thundercat - Guest live drummer in support of Thundercat. Toured all over Europe in spring 2012. - Wicked Evolution - Took part in Wicked Evolution Jada Pinkett Smith's Live Recorded Sessions. - European tour with The Memorials - After completing 3 tours (Freedom Tour, Equinox Tour, Waterguns, B B Q, & Hot Chocolate Tour) over the United States with The Memorials, the band are preparing for a European tour to launch in October 2012. - Pinnick Gales Pridgen - On February 12, 2013, Magna Carta released the Mike Varney-produced ""Pinnick Gales Pridgen"", featuring Eric Gales on guitar and vocals, dUg Pinnick (of King's X) on bass and vocals, and Pridgen on drums. The 13-track album features one cover song, ""Sunshine of Your Love"", originally by Cream, one short instrumental based on Ludwig van Beethoven's ""Für Elise"", and the remaining songs written by some combination of Pinnick, Gales, Pridgen and Varney.[11] - On March 11, 2014, Pridgen confirmed on his Instagram and Facebook page that he has joined Suicidal Tendencies.[12] On September 3, Pridgen along with Joseph Troy have joined Chiodos after members Derrick Frost and Matt Goddard left the band.[13] During this time period, Pridgen also recorded the drums for the album ""No Peace"", by Trash Talk, which was released April 22, 2014. - In mid-2011, it was announced that Pridgen was working on a new group with Mastodon vocalist and guitarist Brent Hinds, the Dillinger Escape Plan guitarist Ben Weinman, and former Jane's Addiction bassist Eric Avery. Giraffe Tongue Orchestra was founded in 2012.[14] - The band's debut album Broken Lines was released September 23, 2016 with the main line-up featuring Hinds, Pridgen and Weinman, who were joined by William DuVall from Alice in Chains and Pete Griffin from Dethklok.[15] - On March 31, 2017, rapper Residente released his debut solo album self-titled Residente. Pridgen was announced later as part of the touring members of the Residente band. - In May 2020, Pridgen announced he has rejoined Trash Talk to record their new EP, Squalor, which is due to be released June 6.[16] - In 2023, Fever 333 frontman Jason Aalon Butler announced that Pridgen, along with April Kae and Brandon Davis, are the new members of the band, replacing original members Stephen Harrison and Aric Improta, as drummer, bassist and guitarist, respectively. The band's debut single as a quartet, ""$wing,"" was released on May 31, 2023.[17] - For a more complete discography, see Thomas Pridgen's entry on Album Credits. -",2023-08-26 18:00:45 -Brookula iredalei - Wikipedia," - Brookula iredalei is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, unassigned in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.[1] - These species was found in the Coast of Rio de Janeiro State in South America. There were specifically nine different species that were found, however, the Brookula Iredalei was distinct due to the differences in its axial ribs and spiral cords. [2] - - This Seguenzioidea-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:00:49 -First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles - Wikipedia," - First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles is an independent congregation affiliated with the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations, which is considered a Protestant denomination.[1] Since its founding in 1877 the church has been a leader in social justice activism for the Unitarian Universalist faith, and for the city of Los Angeles. Its embrace of progressive causes and sometimes radical politics have earned it a reputation as both a place of controversy and a beacon of justice. Its affiliated organization, Urban Partners Los Angeles, provides numerous programs in the neighborhood around the church. - First Unitarian Church is located at 2936 West 8th Street in Los Angeles.[2] Located on the border between the Koreatown and Westlake neighborhoods of Los Angeles, and three blocks from the LA Metro stop at Wilshire and Vermont, First Church serves a racially and economically diverse population. - The neighborhood around First Church was engulfed in the 1992 Los Angeles riots that followed the Rodney King beating in 1991. In response, First Church and other Unitarian Universalist churches in the greater Los Angeles area founded the Unitarian Universalist Urban Ministry offering social service programs that continue to this day under the name Urban Partners Los Angeles.[3] - The church was founded March 7, 1877, in the home of Theodoric and Caroline Seymour Severance. The Severances had moved to Los Angeles in 1875 from Boston where they had been Unitarians in the congregation of Theodore Parker.[4] The church was officially incorporated under the name Church of the Unity, on May 25, 1888. Originally the congregation met in the Severance home, called ""El Nido"" (the nest) at 806 West Adams on the corner of what is now Severance Street, near downtown Los Angeles. An official street sign marks the site, now a parking lot for the John Tracy Clinic. Later the fledgling church met at the Odd Fellows Hall on Main Street and then the Union Hall on Spring Street and the Masonic Hall at 133 South Spring Street. In 1887 the church built its first church building at 7th Avenue between Broadway and Hill on land donated to the church by its minister, Eli Fay. The building was dedicated on June 14, 1889, and then destroyed by fire on Easter Sunday, 1891. The Church then found space to meet in a building at Third and Hill owned by the Central Baptist Church, which the Unitarians bought a few months later. This building was moved in 1900 to 925 South Flower Street and remodeled. The church officially changed its name to First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles in June 1907. - Caroline Severance[5][6] was born Caroline Seymour in 1820 in New York. She married Theodoric Severance and moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1840. She and her family left the First Presbyterian Church when it would not take a strong stance against slavery, and became interested in Unitarianism. In 1850 she became involved in the woman's rights movement and presided over several meetings in Ohio and met the leaders of the eastern woman's movement around this time including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1855 the family moved to Boston. Here she founded the New England Woman's Club, and became a member of Theodore Parker's congregation. She helped found the Free Religious Association after Parker's death. Together with Lucy Stone and other New England suffragists she founded the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. In 1875 she and her husband moved to Los Angeles, following two of their sons. In Los Angeles in 1877 Caroline and Theodoric founded the Church of the Unity in their living room, which became the First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles. In 1891 she also founded the Friday Morning Club[7] a woman's club. She worked on numerous civic and social justice causes such as woman's suffrage and the establishment of kindergartens. In 1911, women received the right to vote in the state of California, Caroline Severance registered to vote October 18, 1911, and voted in the presidential election in 1912. She died in Los Angeles in 1914 and is buried in the Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery. - The Caroline Severance Manor is a housing project located beside and behind the First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles. The Caroline Severance Manor offers 85 units of affordable housing for singles and families and subterranean parking for residents and for First Church. The Caroline Severance School, located in the ground floor of the eighth street building opened in 2016 and houses a low and no-cost preschool operated by the YMCA. The developer of the project, Mercy Housing, owns and manages the residences. First Church owns the school and the portion of the parking reserved for church use. After 99 years (2111) ownership of the entire building and the property will revert to First Church. - Ground was broken for the current church building on October 10, 1926, on three previously vacant lots on 8th Street between Vermont and Westmoreland. The cornerstone was laid on September 18, 1927, in a ceremony officiated by the President of the American Unitarian Association, Samuel A. Eliot. The architects were Allison & Allison. The building is constructed of poured concrete in the Renaissance Revival style. In 1962 a separate religious education building, called the Hardyman Center, was constructed on Francis Avenue behind the existing church. The Hardyman Center was demolished in June 2012 to make way for the Caroline Severance Manor. - Sunset Hall[8][9][10] was a retirement home for religious liberals founded in 1923 by members of First Church with money raised by the Women's Alliance of First Church. Intended as a means of support for elderly persons with progressive values in the days before social security, the home thrived for several decades before declining and eventually closing. Sunset Hall is the subject of the documentary Sunset Story (2003).[11] The first Sunset Hall was opened at 1424 South Manhattan Place. In 1937, a second home across 15th Street at 1504 South Manhattan Place was opened, the two buildings together housing 16 residents. In 1965, Sunset Hall moved to a building at 2830 Francis Avenue, a few blocks from First Church. By the 1980s occupancy had dwindled as seniors preferred to remain at home until they required a level of medical care that Sunset Hall did not offer. The organization suffered several years of deficits. In 1989, the Directors voted to close the organization but the residents overturned that decision and managed to hold on to the building.[12] The Francis Avenue location finally closed in 2005 with the last remaining residents moved to Bethany Towers in Hollywood.[13] Endowed by the sale of the Francis Avenue property, the Sunset Hall organization continues to provide a variety of senior services and programs at locations throughout the mid-Wilshire and Hollywood areas of Los Angeles. - Rev. Stephen Hole Fritchman[15] served as the Minister of the First Unitarian Church, Los Angeles from 1948 to 1969. Born to Quaker parents in Cleveland, Ohio May 12, 1902, he spent his early life as a Methodist, including preaching in Methodist pulpits in New York State. He first served a Unitarian church in Petersham, Massachusetts (1930–1932)[16] and then the Bangor Unitarian Church in Maine (1932–1938).[17] From 1938 to 1947 he worked with the denominational headquarters of the American Unitarian Association in Boston as the Youth Director. In 1942 he also became editor of the journal of the AUA, The Christian Register. His work as editor proved controversial and ultimately resulted in his removal as editor in 1947.[18] The following year he was called to the First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles, where he served until his retirement. Under his leadership the church became a center of liberal politics in the Los Angeles area. The church supported Hollywood writers and actors black-listed during the McCarthy era. The church took strong stands against the Korean and Vietnam Wars. He was personally active in many organizations concerned with peace and civil liberties.[19] -In 1952 he was invited to Australia, to speak at the centenary of the Melbourne Unitarian Church in November. He applied for a passport in July of that year and on September 17 was notified by the Department of State that his application had been rejected. No reason was given, though it was assumed it was connected with their minister, Victor James', recent attendance at a peace conference in Beijing.[20] -In 1976, he received the Annual Award of the UUA for Distinguished Service to the Cause of Liberal Religion. The Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, which he supported all his life, named its annual award after him in his honor. He died in Los Angeles in 1981.[21] His published works include Men of Liberty (a book of short biographies of historical Unitarians intended for young readers), and Heretic: A Partisan Autobiography (Beacon Press, Boston 1977). - On February 21, 1954, the First Church congregation voted to refuse to sign a loyalty oath that the State of California had amended to tax documents under the Levering Act which made state recognition of non-profit status contingent on making an oath of allegiance to the United States. Refusal to sign the oath meant the church and its financial donors would lose the benefits associated with non-profit status, a significant financial hardship.[19] The oath required that the church would ""not advocate the overthrow of the government of the United States and of the State of California by force or violence or other unlawful means nor advocate the support of a foreign government in the event of hostilities."" The church leaders believed that the state's requirement to sign this oath under pressure of losing their tax exempt status was a violation of the First Amendment guarantees of free speech and separation of church and state. They released a press statement saying, ""While Unitarians yield to none in the degree of their loyalty to this country, they also yield to none in their determination to protect religious, philosophical and political freedom for every American.""[22] They struck out the offending oath and returned the paperwork, resulting in loss of their tax exempt status. The church then sued the County of Los Angeles to recover the property tax charges weighed by the county. Four years later, on June 30, 1958, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of First Church in court case: 357 US 545 First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles v. County of Los Angeles, California.[23] In a 7 to 1 decision, with Justice Brennan writing for the majority opinion, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the state's loyalty oath requirement. (Chief Justice Earl Warren, who had signed the Levering Act when he was the governor of California prior to joining the court on January 11, 1954, recused himself.) - BURR was founded in August 1967 by black members of the First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles and other Los Angeles area UU churches as a means of reforming the Unitarian Universalist faith to be more inclusive of Blacks. In October 1967 the UUA Department on Social Responsibility sponsored a meeting called the ""Emergency Conference"" to discuss the Unitarian Universalist response to the Black Rebellion, following racial rioting in Newark, New Jersey and Detroit, Michigan. Roy Ockert, the new assistant minister at First Church, received word of the meeting and urged members of BURR to attend. 135–140 persons participated in the ""Emergency Conference"", 37 of whom were African American. Almost immediately, upon suggestion from black members of BURR from First Church, 30 of the 37 African Americans withdrew to form a Black Unitarian Universalist Caucus (BUUC). BUUC's list of ""non-negotiable demands"" was presented first to the Conference and then to the UUA Board of Trustees. The core demand was to establish a Black Affairs Council (BAC) to be elected by BUUC and to be funded for four years at $250,000 per year (12% of UUA annual budget). The Black Caucus recommendation of proposals carried a two-thirds majority at the Emergency Conference. In November 1967, ""[d]uring a meeting of about 50 members of Pacific Southwest District societies [held at First Church, Los Angeles], Louis Gothard, chair of BURR, reported that the UUA board has rejected the proposal for BAC. The primarily white group immediately constituted itself as Supporters of BURR (SOBURR) and asked Rev. Ockert to draft a resolution urging UU societies and ministers nationally to support BAC, including financially, and to withdraw financial support from the UUA until the next General Assembly.[24] In early 1968, BUUC proceeded with forming BAC in advance of the General Assembly vote. Rev. Ockert was elected as one of the 9 original members of BAC (one of the three white members). In May 1968 delegates at the UUA General Assembly in Cleveland voted to recognize and fund the BAC. - Originally a separate congregation, named for Catholic Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero, nested within First Unitarian Church, Los Angeles. The Oscar Romero Congregation was organized in 1985 around Ricardo Zelada, a refugee from El Salvador given sanctuary within the church. Most of the original members of the Oscar Romero Congregation were asylum seekers from El Salvador, but subsequent members are from many different parts of the Spanish-speaking world. Today, the Oscar Romero group congregation is an affinity group within the main congregation of First Church. -  WikiMiniAtlas34°03′27″N 118°17′25″W / 34.057426°N 118.290374°W / 34.057426; -118.290374 -",2023-08-26 18:00:54 -Lil Stoner - Wikipedia," - Ulysses Simpson Grant ""Lil"" Stoner (February 28, 1899 – June 26, 1966), also known as Lil E. Stoner,[1] was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played professional baseball for 14 seasons from 1919 to 1933, including nine years in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1922 and 1924–1929), Pittsburgh Pirates (1930) and Philadelphia Phillies (1931). He appeared in 229 major league games and compiled a 50–57 win–loss record and a 4.76 earned run average (ERA). - Stoner was also known for his skill in baking and at growing and breeding irises. With the popularization of the word ""stoner"" in cannabis culture, he saw a resurgence of popularity. In a 2017 poll by Ranker, he was voted No. 9 on a list of ""The Best Baseball Names of All Time"". - Stoner was born in 1899 in Bowie, Texas.[2] He grew up in a family of 17 children.[1] His given name was ""Ulysses Simpson Grant Stoner"", a reference to the 18th President of the United States. His brothers, Benjamin Franklin Stoner, Theodore Roosevelt Stoner, and Washington Irving Stoner, were also named after famous Americans.[3] - Stoner acquired his nickname when a younger sister could not pronounce his given name, Ulysses, and instead began calling him ""Lil"". Stoner later recalled of the nickname, ""It stuck as I grew up.""[1] - In 1913, at age 14, he pitched for the South Side Baptist Church of Fort Worth, Texas, in the Twilight League. He gained acclaim when, at age 14, and while still wearing short pants, he pitched a shutout game against a team of adults.[4] His family later moved to Okmulgee, Oklahoma, where he played semi-professional baseball for the Empire Refining Company team. With Stoner pitching, Empire Refining won the Oklahoma championship in 1918 and 1919.[4] - Stoner began his professional baseball career in 1919 with the Oklahoma City Indians of the Western League. He compiled a 12–15 win–loss record in 1919 and remained with Oklahoma City for three seasons. He finished the 1921 season with the Okmulgee Drillers of the Western Association.[5] - Stoner was known for combining ""a terrific fast ball with exceptional control"" and ""a sharp breaking curve"".[6] Mark Koenig of the New York Yankees recalled that ""Stoner had one of the best curve balls in the league.""[7] He was also called a ""smokeball artist"" for the speed with which he threw the baseball.[8][9] - The unusual movement on Stoner's breaking ball has been attributed to an injury sustained when he was a toddler. The index finger on his throwing hand was severed in a wood-chopping accident and left ""hanging by a piece of flesh."" The doctor bandaged the finger which reattached itself, but crookedly, a deformity that was credited with allowing Stoner to throw the ball with unusual movement.[3] - In 1922, Stoner joined the Detroit Tigers. He made his major league debut in a losing effort against the Cleveland Indians on April 15, 1922.[10] He won his first game on April 21, 1922, by a 15–6 score against the Indians.[11] His ERA climbed to 7.04, and he was demoted to the Birmingham Barons where he finished the season.[5] - Stoner remained in the minors in 1923, playing for the Fort Worth Panthers. He appeared in 48 games for the Panthers and led the team to the Texas League pennant with a career-high 27 wins, a.711 winning percentage, and a 2.65 ERA.[5] He also pitched three post-season games, including two as the winning pitcher, to help the Panthers win the 1923 Dixie Series championship.[12] - In October 1923, Stoner was reacquired by the Tigers.[13] During the 1924 season, he appeared in 36 games for the Tigers and compiled an 11–10 record and a 4.72 ERA. He also had his best major league season totals in games started (25), innings pitched (215-2/3), and strikeouts (66). He also hit two home runs during the 1924 season – the only two of his career.[2] - In 1925, Stoner appeared in 34 games for Detroit, 18 as a starter, and compiled a 10–9 record and 4.26 ERA. It was his second consecutive and final major league season with a winning record. As a batter, he had the best season of his career with a .291 batting average, six doubles, a triple, and 10 runs scored in only 55 at bats.[2] - Stoner continued with the Tigers in 1926, appearing in 32 games, 22 as a starter, and compiling a 7–10 record with a 5.47 ERA and 57 strikeouts.[2] His 3.213 strikeouts per nine innings pitched ranked in the top ten in the American League, and his perfect fielding percentage of 1.000 ranked first among the league's pitchers.[2] On June 28, 1926, Stoner gave up a massive home run by Babe Ruth. The ball went over the right-center field wall and was estimated to have traveled between 600 and 626 feet. It was the longest home run of Ruth's career and in 1965 was referred to as ""probably the longest home run ever hit in Detroit.""[14] - In 1927, Stoner's ERA dropped by 1.5 points to a career-low 3.98, and he appeared in a career-high 38 games for the Tigers, including 24 starts. Despite the improvement, he registered a losing record of 10–13.[2] - Stoner's production declined in his final two years with the Tigers. He started only 11 games in 1928 and was used principally in 25 relief appearances. In 1929, he started only three games and made 21 relief appearances for a total of 53 innings pitched.[2] - In late July 1929, the Tigers sold Stoner back to the Fort Worth Panthers.[15] Pitching for Fort Worth in the second half of the season, he compiled a 6–4 record and a career-low 2.00 ERA.[5] - In mid-September 1929, the Pittsburgh Pirates purchased Stoner from Fort Worth.[16][17] He began the 1930 season with the Pirates but pitched only 5+2⁄3 regular seasons innings for the club, compiling a 4.76 ERA.[2] In mid-May, the Pirates released Stoner outright to the Fort Worth Panthers.[18] - Following his return to Fort Worth, Stoner appeared in 30 games, compiling a 14–6 record and a 3.19 ERA.[5] On July 30, 1930, he struck out 18 strikeouts in a game against the San Antonio Indians. It was the most strikeouts by a Texas League pitcher since 1909.[19] - In September 1931, following another strong showing in Fort Worth, the Philadelphia Phillies purchased Stoner from the Fort Worth club.[20] He suffered from a hand injury that limited his playing time with the Phillies.[21] He appeared in only 13+2⁄3 innings for the Phillies, compiling a 6.59 ERA. He appeared in his final major league game on June 10, 1931.[2] - Stoner was returned by the Phillies to Fort Worth in mid-June 1931. It was Stoner's third stint with the Panthers.[21] He appeared in 13 games for Fort Worth in 1931, 12 as a starter, and compiled an 8–3 record and 2.60 ERA.[5] - On August 12, 1931, the Fort Worth club sold Stoner to the Newark Bears of the International League.[22] He appeared in 10 games for Newark, compiling a 2–0 record and a 5.34 ERA.[5] - When Newark failed to win the International League pennant, Stoner was returned to Fort Worth.[23] He began the 1932 season with Fort Worth. He pitched poorly to start the season and was granted an outright release on June 7, 1932. The release left Stoner out of work for the first time in 15 years.[24] He was then signed by the Omaha Packers of the Western League where he won four straight games with no losses. At the end of June, and based on his showing at Omaha, Stoner was purchased by the Houston Buffaloes of the Texas League.[25] He was released by Houston in August 1932.[26] - Stoner signed with the Tulsa Oilers prior to the 1933 season. but he was given an outright release by that club on April 24, 1933.[27] - After being released by Tulsa, Stoner returned to Okmulgee where he managed the local baseball club from 1933 to 1935.[28][29] He also served as player-manager for a semipro baseball team from Mount Pleasant, Texas, during the 1938 season.[30][31] In 1939 and 1940, Stoner played semi-pro ball for the Enid Champlins of Enid, Oklahoma.[32][33] - In August 1940, at age 41, Stoner announced his retirement from baseball in order to allow him to devote his full time to a job with the oil refinery that sponsored the Enid semi-pro club.[33] - Because of his love of baking and cooking, Stoner was sometimes known during his playing career as the ""Bowie Baker Boy"".[34][35][6] He had worked at a bakery in Fort Worth, Texas, starting at age 16.[3] In 1929, a nationally syndicated newspaper story called Stoner the ""Best Cook in Baseball"" and a ""culinary artist."" According to the report, his cooking was the envy of the women of Okmulgee. The crowning achievement of his off-season after the 1928 season was a three-tiered birthday cake made of orange sponge cake ""ornamented with green icing and lavishly decorated with paper leaves and flowers.""[36][37] - Stoner was also an avid grower of irises and was an accredited judge of the American Iris Society.[38] His ""proudest botanical accomplishment"" was his creation of ""a pink iris hybrid.""[3] He was also a fan of the opera and amassed a large collection of opera records.[3] - Stoner died following a six-day hospitalization in Enid, Oklahoma in June 1966. He was 67 years old when he died.[39] He was buried at Enid Memorial Park.[6] - With the popularization of the word ""stoner"" in cannabis culture, Stoner has seen a resurgence of popularity. In 2015, baseball writer Grant Brisbee picked ""Lil Stoner"" as the best presidential-inspired nickname in baseball history. Brisbee wrote: ""A supremely unique, fantastic, and awesome name. A magnificent, evocative, delightful name.""[40] He speculated that, if Stoner played in contemporary times, ""jersey sales would shoot through the roof.""[40] In 2017, a poll by Ranker received more than 13,000 votes and placed Stoner at No. 9 on its list of ""The Best Baseball Names of All Time"".[41] - Key -",2023-08-26 18:00:59 -Grootrivier Pass - Wikipedia,"Grootrivier Pass, is situated in the Western Cape province of South Africa on the R102 regional road. The Grootrivier (Afrikaans for ""Great River"") is one of various mountain streams that over millions of years have cut through the coastal plateau towards the sea. - The R102 winds its way from the N2 on the coastal plateau, which is an ancient sea-bed now at 220m above sea-level, through dense coastal forest, down to the resort of Nature's Valley on the Grootrivier and then climbs the opposite slope, back to the plateau. The pass was finished in 1880 by Thomas Bain and major reconstruction was carried out on both sections in 2010. The route from plateau down to sea-level and then back to the plateau, was dictated by the wide and deep gorge carved by the Grootrivier and stretching inland to the Tsitsikamma Mountains. Modern bridge-building techniques spanned the three gorges of the Grootrivier, the Bloukrans River and the Storms River, allowing the opening of the freeway in June 1984. The forest is home to a myriad of bird species as well as small antelope, vervet monkeys, baboons and leopards. The road features various viewpoints and picnic spots.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:01:02 -Newspaper endorsements in the 2004 United States presidential election - Wikipedia,"During the 2004 United States presidential election, the online edition of Editor & Publisher, a journal covering the North American newspaper industry, tabulated newspaper endorsements for the two major candidates, Republican incumbent George W. Bush and Democratic challenger John Kerry. As of November 1, 2004[update], their tally shows the following: - They note that 43 papers which had endorsed Bush for the 2000 election switched to endorse Kerry for 2004, whereas 8 papers which had endorsed Al Gore in 2000 switched to endorse Bush for 2004. - They also listed 18 papers, all of which endorsed Bush in 2000, that declared their neutrality for the 2004 election. - They note that the total daily circulation of the papers that have endorsed each candidate is 20,791,336 for Kerry vs. 14,455,046 for Bush. - The following is a partial list of the endorsements: -",2023-08-26 18:01:05 -Play or Die - Wikipedia,"Play or Die is a 2019 Belgian horror film directed by Jacques Kluger.[1][2] The film is based on the bestseller novel titled Puzzle by Franck Thilliez.[2] The plot revolves around Lucas (Charley Palmer Rothwell),[2] a young man who participates in a game called Paranoia, which is used as a means to make several atrocities. - The film premiered on 18 April 2019 in the United States,[2] and 10 July 2019 in VOD format.[3] - Lucas and Chloé are a former dysfunctional couple who, after having spent a year apart, meet again when Chloé decides to invite him to play a game called Paranoia, which offers a million euros to the two players who finish the game. After gathering the clues and solving puzzles, the two are accepted into the game and arrive at an abandoned hospital where it will take place. Upon entering, they find a handful of other players that have also qualified in the same manner. A mysterious voice suddenly announces the rules of the game as well as how to play but does not tell them two hidden rules: nothing is real, and one of them will die. - Upon starting, Lucas begins to notice oddities in how the game is set up. He assumes the game's organisers are trying to kill every player, but Chloé refuses to believe that anyone wants to kill them all. Shortly after passing the game's first test, they run into the corpse of one of the players. Frightened, Chloé and Lucas try to finish the game to save their lives. In another room, they discover another dead player and some papers with information about Naomi, who was admitted to the hospital years ago and noted as a dangerous patient. Chloé deduces that Naomi must have been committing the murders. - The couple reach the final test, which tasks them with going to the abandoned hospital church. Chloé discovers that Lucas is really the murderer and that he is a psychopath who suffers from memory loss. Chloé makes him believe that they are about to reach the end of the game, finds a ladder to go up to the second floor of the church, then pushes him off and flees. However, he manages to find her and kill her. - Lucas, unaware of what he is doing, ""confronts"" the murderer and overpowers him in a fight. When he orders the killer to take his mask off, he discovers he shares his face and realizes he is responsible for murdering his mother and organizing the game. He tells police that the murderer has escaped. -",2023-08-26 18:01:09 -Beaufils - Wikipedia,"Beaufils is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:01:11 -Hristo Silyanov - Wikipedia,"Hristo Silyanov (1880 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire – 1939 in Sofia, Bulgaria) (Bulgarian: Христо Силянов) was a Bulgarian revolutionary,[1] historian and memoirist. He was among the activists of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees and in his memoirs uniquely described the history of the organization in its early period. - Silyanov was born in a rich family in Constantinople. His father was a Bulgarian from Ohrid, Macedonia, and his mother was Greek. He studied in Istanbul and Thessaloniki, but graduated from the Bulgarian school in Bitola. Later Silyanov worked as the Bulgarian Exarchate's teacher in various towns in Ottoman Macedonia. After his participation in the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO), he joined the cheta led by Marko Lerinski. As result of a severe illness in 1902, Silyanov moved to Sofia for treatment and from there criticized sharply the decision made by IMARO's Central Committee in Thessaloniki concerning the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising. However, in 1903 he was elected secretary of the Preobrazhenie Uprising committee in a session near Malko Tarnovo. During the Uprising he was a member of Mihail Gerdzhikov's cheta and participated in the battles in Strandzha for the taking of Vasiliko and Ahtopol. - After the Uprising, he graduated in history from Sofia University and afterwards specialized in Switzerland. In 1908 Siljanov was elected to the leading body of IMARO and made unsuccessful attempts to save the unity of the organization. During the Balkan Wars he was the leader of a cheta in Southern Macedonia and supported the Greek and later the Bulgarian Army during their invasions. During the First World War, he was imprisoned in Sofia as a Russophile, when Bulgaria was fighting against Russia. After the wars he settled in Sofia and worked there as a writer, publicist and journalist. Later he also became a politician and a member of the Macedonian Scientific Institute. His son Evgeny Silyanov was a prominent Bulgarian diplomat. - Silyanov Peak in Antarctica is named after Hristo Silyanov. -",2023-08-26 18:01:15 -Don Bosco Cambodia - Wikipedia,"The Don Bosco Foundation of Cambodia (DBFC, in Khmer ""សាលាដុនបូស្កូនៅប្រទេសកម្ពុជា"") is a Non-profit organization of education founded in Cambodia in 1991 to give technical skill education to youth living in extreme poverty and to facilitate the schooling of marginalized children. The organization was a way to answer the needs of a country in its post-war period of reconstruction. DBFC is a branch of the Salesians of Don Bosco. The United Nations asked to the Salesians in Thailand to attend the children and youth of the Cambodian Refugee camps during the 1980s. DBFC answered this request by opening provisional technical schools in the camps. After the peace agreements, the organization was invited by the Cambodian government to settle in the country. The first printing press in Cambodia after the war, was provided by DBFC in the Don Bosco Technical School of Phnom Penh for the republishing, translating and writing of books and documents of education (during the Khmer Rouge Regime books were destroyed). Many schools were rebuilt in the villages and the Organization gained prestige as the first institution to provide technical education and to offer sponsorship to Cambodian children. - The genesis of DBFC started in the Khmer Refugee Camps along the Thai-Cambodian border in the early 80's after the 1979's Vietnamese invasion of the Khmer Rouge Cambodian Regime. The full control of the Khmer refugee camps was taken by the Thai Army that did not allow other foreign organizations to come into the camps for any kind of humanitarian activities. In this issue UN insisted to the Thai government to allow foreign organizations to attend the needs of the Khmer refugees. In 1989 Thailand agreed that the UN could send humanitarian help to refugees and among this was education to children and youth. UN asked the Catholic Church through the Catholic Office for Emergency Relief and Refugees. At its time, the Catholic Church asked the Salesians of Don Bosco in Bangkok to do something in technical education for Cambodian girls and boys of the refugee camps. - The Thai Salesians visited the camps allowed by the Thai Army and opened technical centers among the tension of battles in the area. When the war was over and Cambodia had a more independent government, many Cambodian families from the refugee camps returned to their country and the Don Bosco technical centers were necessary anymore. The experience in the camps attracted the attention of the Royal Government of Cambodia that sent a delegation to Thailand to study the works and ways of education of the Salesians of Don Bosco in that country. In this way, the Salesians were invited in 1991 to settle in Cambodia and open educational works for a country completely destroyed by war. - The government put under the custody of the Salesians an orphanage and provided land in what is today the Phnom Penh Thmey District, near the Phnom Penh International Airport (then now as Pochenton Airport,) to build the first technical school that was completed in 1993. The lack of books and didactic material, all destroyed during the long war period, made that the Salesians gave importance to the printing workshops which supplied the first printing press of the country in the post-war period. The success of the first years of technical education provided by Don Bosco led the Cambodian government to give other lands for educational purposes to the Salesians in Battambang and Sihanoukville. At the same time, the Salesian Sisters joined the project in Cambodia by opening vocational training centers in Phnom Penh. As many young boys and girls came to the technical centers with a poor academic background (by 1999 only 30% of children had basic education due to the lack of schools in most part of the country),[1] DBFC created the Children Fund with the intention to build schools in villages and support an intensive program of sponsorship for children. A technical school was opened in 1997 in Sihanoukville, a literacy center and children home was opened in Poipet in 2004. Other literacy centers were opened in Battambang for labor children of the brick factories in the intention of freeing them from factory life and providing an opportunity for a normal school situation. On February 12, 2007 His Majesty, Norodom Sihamoni, visited the Don Bosco Technical School in Sihanoukville, inaugurated the Don Bosco Hotel School in that city and thanked DBFC for its presence in the reconstruction of Cambodia. In 2011 DBFC opened a new technical school and children fund's branch in Kep province. Through the children fund, Don Bosco educative and protection projects reach all Cambodian provinces supporting children and youth from rural and indigenous communities, as well as children who are physically challenged. - As an NGO, the DBFC is a project with assignment agreement to the Cambodia Ministries.[2] Its primary purpose is to provide basic education and appropriate technical training to orphaned and marginalized youth that are poor and have no sources of support. These children will be prepared for the job market and for future integration in the society. The new situation of today's Cambodia challenges the Salesian priests, brothers and lay educators to find new initiatives. As a result of poverty, many children were denied access to basic education and therefore, to professional and technical education. Therefore, since 1991 the Don Bosco Foundation of Cambodia has evolved into a new style of salesian presence. - Under a grant from July 1995 to December 2001, USAID/Cambodia has provided support to establish and help with the operation costs of four Salesian Vocational Training Schools in Cambodia. During these six and a half years, the Salesians have trained more than 1500 youth. These young people have mastered new knowledge and skills as well as developed attitudes suitable for the dynamic and changing workplace. Presently 1378 students undergo education in basic employable skills required by industries attracted by the new social and economic programs and strategies of Cambodia. The Technical Schools and Training Centers in Phnom Penh, Sihanoukville, Battambang and Poipet are still in the process of expanding and developing. The improving of human resources through guided and structured learning activities, provide students with practical know-how and skills by the use of developing training plans, curricula/modules, and/or methods used in the actual training activities. - The local job market demand for Don Bosco Technical School graduates is very encouraging with almost 100% of the yearly trainees finding employment even before their graduation. However, DBFC must strive to secure good jobs and improve employment position through supervised learning method while in school environment with three competitive plus skills factors: Computer, Internet Access and Agriculture/Farming in order to practice appropriate work concepts and skills in improving their training tasks. Don Bosco has also contributed to the technical education in Cambodia by providing translations of technical books into Khmer Language and publishing them. - As a direct result of poverty many children were denied access to primary and secondary education, the Don Bosco Foundation of Cambodia offers scholarships to enable these children to go to school and receive education under the Don Bosco Children Fund. - To meet the needs of children living and working in Bricks Factories in Battambang, Don Bosco Literacy Center has two literacy centers to educate 210 children through an intensive three-year curriculum after which they are reintegrated into government formal high school curriculum. - In response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cambodia, around 450 AIDS orphans and/or children living in AIDS affected families are offered support in order to access to education and health care. - In addition to helping members from the poorest elements of a society, the Salesians have always had a special concern for homeless youth, orphans and young people in difficulties. The Don Bosco Literacy and Skills Training Center Project to support street children and disadvantaged youth in Poipet (border town with Thailand) is a strategy to fight social evil, promote basic education, and improve the life chances of the children and disadvantaged youth. - It is a traditional element in Don Bosco Presences to have a place for more informal education through the Salesian Youth Movement style of seminars, scouting, retreats and youth centers. Don Bosco Youth Center- Kep provides these services. -",2023-08-26 18:01:18 -Zabdiel Boylston Adams - Wikipedia," - Dr. Zabdiel Boylston Adams, Jr. (born October 25, 1829 – May 1, 1902) was a Civil War surgeon and 1853 graduate of Harvard Medical School.[1] - Adams, Jr. was the son of Zabdiel Boylston Adams and Sarah May Holland. His siblings included Annie Adams Fields. He married Frances Ann Kidder and had two children.[2] Zabdiel Adams initially attended Harvard College, but graduated from Bowdoin in 1849. He then entered Harvard Medical School and graduated with an M.D. in 1853.[3] - In May 1861, he was commissioned an Assistant Surgeon in the 7th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He served with the 7th at the battles of Yorktown, Williamsburg, and Fair Oaks. On May 26, 1862, he was commissioned as Head Surgeon for the 32nd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Adams, according to his great-grandson Mitchell L. Adams, a former member of Harvard's Board of Overseers, labored so long in surgeries at the Battle of Gettysburg — remaining on duty for two days and three nights — that he temporarily became blind with exhaustion. Although he regained his sight, he was discharged. He fought hard to get back into the surgical corps after being mustered out, to no avail. By 1864, Adams resorted to an unusual ploy to extend his service. He gave up battlefield medicine and rejoined the army as an infantry officer, a captain, with the 56th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.[1] - Wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness, and captured by Confederate forces, he was eventually paroled and sent to the Union Hospital in Annapolis, Maryland. Because of his wound, he was discharged from the army. However, he again reapplied, and rejoined the 56th in February 1865, in time for the Siege of Petersburg. He was brevetted Major of the 56th, being promoted for gallantry and meritorious conduct in the assault before Petersburg, Va. on April 2, 1865. - Adams took part in multiple battles, from the Peninsular Campaign to the Battle of Second Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Battle of the Wilderness, and, in 1865, the Siege of Petersburg, Virginia, that ended the war.[1] - After the war, Adams opened a medical practice in Framingham, Massachusetts.[3] There he also established the public library and invited lecturers to town including his brother-in-law James T. Fields. He married Frances Kidder in 1870, but the two had a difficult marriage. Although he predeceased her, she noted in her will, ""inasmuch as he has never done anything for my support and his treatment has been most upsetting and that he has tried to desert his family entirely, I have no wish to leave him anything that belongs to my estate"".[4] He died after falling over the Metropolitan Water Works dam in Southborough in 1902 and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.[5] - There is a memorial plaque to Adams mounted on a boulder on the Civil War battlefield in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Of over 2,000 memorials there, it is the only one dedicated to a physician.[1] The text reads: - Behind this group of rocks on the afternoon of July 2, 1863 Surgeon Z. Boylston Adams placed the field hospital of the 32nd Massachusetts Infantry, Second Brigade, First Division, Fifth Army Corps Established so near the line of battle many of our wounded escaped capture or death by its timely aid. Placed by the Veterans Association of the Regiment 32nd Mass Hospital ",2023-08-26 18:01:21 -Klokkarvik - Wikipedia,"Klokkarvik is a village in Øygarden municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southeastern part of the island of Sotra, approximately 40 minutes outside the city of Bergen. It lies along the coast of Sotra, at the confluence of the Raunefjorden, Fanafjorden, and Korsfjorden. The islands of Lerøyna and Bjelkarøyna lie just east off the coast of Klokkarvik.[3] - The 0.67-square-kilometre (170-acre) village has a population (2019) of 731 and a population density of 1,091 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,830/sq mi).[1] Sund Church is located in Klokkarvik. - - - This Vestland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:01:25 -All Alone (Frank Sinatra album) - Wikipedia,"All Alone is an album by Frank Sinatra, released in 1962. - Originally, All Alone was going to be called Come Waltz with Me. Although the title and the accompanying specially written title song were dropped before the album's release, the record remained a stately collection of waltzes, arranged and conducted by Gordon Jenkins. The original title track is included as a bonus track on the 1992 compact disc release of the album. This was the first studio album from Sinatra to not make the U.S. Top Twenty since 1950. - All of the tracks on the album are torch songs, hence the lonely name of the album. Five of the tracks were written by Irving Berlin. - The cover is a trimmed portion of a painting that hung in Sinatra's Palm Springs home. - Side 1: - Side 2: - CD reissue bonu tracks not included on the original 1962 release: -",2023-08-26 18:01:28 -Dead Christ (Palmezzano) - Wikipedia," - The Dead Christ Held by Two Angels is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Marco Palmezzano, finished in 1510. It is housed in the Musée du Louvre of Paris, France. - The centre of the scene is occupied by the dead figure of Christ, portrayed with great attention to anatomical details, but also with evident religious piety; the brightness of his body is further enhanced by the dark stone, resembling a black cave, depicted in the background. This contrast can also have the allegorical meaning of Jesus leaving sin and death behind his shoulders. Jesus assumes in this way the evangelic role of proclamation of the end of the dark era of humanity, as also remembered by the presence of the two angels. - The work is influenced by those of Giovanni Bellini, which Palmezzano saw in his sojourn in Venice in 1489–1495. - - This article about a sixteenth-century painting is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:01:33 -Andrew Fekete (cricketer) - Wikipedia," - Andrew Loton Fekete (born 18 May 1985) is an Australian cricketer who has played for Victoria and Tasmania. - The Victorian-born Fekete made his List A debut for Victoria in February 2012. He took 2/42, but broke his foot while bowling, courtesy of a powerful hit by Theo Doropoulos.[1] Fekete's next game came in February 2013, after almost a year and a move to Tasmania. In October 2013, he played his third List A match, took 4/38, and earned the man of the match award.[2] - Fekete made his first class debut in November 2013. In the 2014–15 Sheffield Shield season, he was the second highest wicket-taker, taking 37 wickets at 24.10. He played two matches for Australia A in July 2015, and in September was selected as part of the Australian Test squad for its tour of Bangladesh.[3] - Fekete signed for the Sydney Thunder in the Big Bash League during the 2017–18 Big Bash League season. - In March 2018, Fekete took career-best match figures in Tasmania's fixture against Victoria to progress Tasmania to the final of the 2017–18 Sheffield Shield season.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:01:37 -Frank Luckins - Wikipedia," - Frank Seymour Luckins (24 April 1912 – 1 July 1998) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).[1] - This Australian rules football biography of a person born in 1912 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:01:40 -Alexander Stewart (diplomat) - Wikipedia,"Alexander Stewart (died 1593) was a Scottish courtier and diplomat. - He was a younger son of Alexander Stewart of Scotstounhill, a captain of Blackness Castle,[1] and Elizabeth Hamilton.[2] - The older Alexander Stewart's record as captain of Blackness for the Scottish crown was a subject of comment by Richard Bannatyne. In March 1572, during the Marian Civil War, he surrendered the castle to the supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots, for 300 crowns, after his expenses had not been met by the King's side.[3] In January 1573, he was made captain again, and pledged his eldest son as hostage for his good service. - Unfortunately, while he was making these arrangements in Edinburgh, one of his prisoners, James Kirkcaldy bribed the guards and took Blackness. Kirkcaldy then managed to capture Alexander Stewart and his brother John and locked them up in their own castle. Alexander Stewart set about bribing the same soldiers and Regent Morton forced James Kirkcaldy's wife Helen Leslie to make him surrender. When Helen Leslie came to Blackness, James Kirkcaldy came to the iron yett to welcome her and his soldiers shut him out and pelted him with stones from the tower.[4] - Other sources suggest that James Kirkcaldy, brother of the Marian leader William Kirkcaldy of Grange, surrendered Blackness to Regent Morton after a conventional siege.[5] - Robert Bowes was told in December 1582 that Alexander Stewart, son of the captain of Blackness, knew of plans to destabilize the Ruthven regime, an English-leaning Scottish government. It was said that Alexander Stewart and others including the sons of Lord Seton would surprise the king at Holyrood Palace.[6] - In 1586 Alexander Stewart, the son, was involved in negotiations after Mary, Queen of Scots, had been sentenced to death in England. James VI sent him with messages to Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester.[7] In London, Stewart joined other Scottish diplomats including the Master of Gray and Robert Melville. In January 1587, his actions displeased his colleagues, who felt he was undermining their work to save the queen's life. Melville wrote that Stewart had exceeded his credit as a diplomat and was insisting that he alone knew the king's mind.[8] It remains unclear if Stewart was acting with special instructions from James VI. He was sent to Scotland without the consent of the other diplomats and brought letters from the Earl of Leicester to James VI which discredited the Master of Gray.[9] - George Young, another negotiator in London, was disappointed by Stewart's conduct as a diplomat, and wrote to William Cecil that he was, ""sory in gude faith that he or any Scottisman sould overshute himself sa farre in a mater quhilk I doubt not his majestie will let appeare mair clearlie"".[10] - In March 1587, his parents and older brother James Stewart sold the lands and castle of Little Ogilface in Brighouse near Torphichen to William Livingstone, 6th Lord Livingston. The castle, probably built by James Stewart and his wife Helen Sinclair, is now known as ""Bridge Castle"".[11] - Alexander Stewart became involved in a feud between a wealthy lawyer, John Graham of Hallyards, and the Sandilands family which followed a dubious property transaction.[12] On 13 February 1593 James Sandilands of Slamannan, the Duke of Lennox, and Alexander Stewart were going to play golf.[13] They encountered John Graham and his followers on Leith Wynd. The Grahams opened fire and Stewart and was killed by head wound.[14] John Graham was shot and carried to a nearby house where Stewart's French page stabbed him to death.[15] -",2023-08-26 18:01:43 -Yumilka Ruiz - Wikipedia," - Yumilka Daysi Ruíz Luaces (born 8 May 1978 in Camagüey) is a retired volleyball player from Cuba who represented her native country in four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996.[1] She won Olympic gold medals with the national team in 1996[2] and 2000.[3] She also claimed the bronze at the 2004 Olympics.[4] - In 2023, Ruíz was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.[1] - Ruíz played the 2004-2005 season with the Russian club Uralochka-NTMK, where she set the record of scoring 53 points in a single match.[5][1] - Ruíz retired in 2008 at age 30.[6] At 1.79m (5'10""), the outside hitter had a jump reach of 3.29m (10'10"") at the peak of her career.[7] - After three years of inactivity, Ruíz made a comeback in 2012 to play in Russian League for Uralochka-NTMK Ekaterinburg and participated in the European Champions League.[8] - In August 2008, Ruíz was elected to an eight-year term to the Athletes' Commission of the International Olympic Committee by athletes that cast votes.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:01:47 -"Fairmount, New Jersey - Wikipedia"," - Fairmount is an unincorporated community located along County Route 517 in Tewksbury Township of Hunterdon County, New Jersey.[1][2] The community was first known as Parkersville, named after proprietor James Parker (1725–1797).[3] The southern section of the community is known as Lower Fairmount.[4][5] - The first European settlers arrived here c. 1740 and named the area Fox Hill, after a local farmer.[3] The Fairmount Presbyterian Church was founded in 1747 as a German Reformed congregation in a log cabin.[6] The current church was built from 1851 to 1852 with Greek Revival and Shingle styles. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Fairmount was built in 1837.[7] The current Fairmount United Methodist Church was built in 1868 with Romanesque Revival and Italianate styles. A mill was built in the early 1800s on the Rockaway Creek.[5] By the 1880s, Fairmount had two churches, two stores, a sawmill, gristmill, schoolhouse, and the largest tannery in the county.[8] - The Fairmount Historic District encompassing the community was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 for its significance in architecture, exploration/settlement, and industry.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:01:50 -Burimari railway station - Wikipedia,"Burimari (Bengali: বুড়িমারী) is a border railway station in Bangladesh, situated in Lalmonirhat District, in Rangpur Division. It is a land border crossing point and a defunct railway transit point on the Bangladesh-India border. The corresponding point on the Indian side is Changrabandha in Cooch Behar district.[1] - The Lalmonirhat-Malbazar metre gauge line was developed by the Bengal Dooars Railway in the closing years of the nineteenth century.[2] With the partition of India in 1947, the Indian side of the line terminated at Changrabandha and the Pakistani side, later Bangladeshi side, at Burimari.[3] - The line between New Mal Jn. and Changrabandha is now (2016) converted to broad gauge. A pair of DMUs have been introduced on this route from Siliguri to Changrabandha via New Mal Jn from 20 January 2016.[4] - The Karotoa Express runs daily between Burimari to Santahare Junction [via Gaibandha-Bogura) and Lalmonirhat railway station. There are 1 local and 2 commuter trains daily between Burimari and Lalmonirhat-Rangpur-Perbottipur.[5][6][7] - - This Rangpur Division location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:01:53 -Robert Mabro - Wikipedia," - Robert Emile Mabro CBE (26 December 1934 – 2 August 2016) was an academic who specialised in oil and energy issues. He founded the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, and in the late 1990s brokered a historic production cut between OPEC and its rivals in the wake of a slump in the price of oil. - Mabro was born in Alexandria, Egypt, in December 1934, the son of Greek Orthodox parents who had migrated from Tripoli, Lebanon in the 1860s.[4] He graduated with a BSc in Engineering from Alexandria University in 1956,[4] after which he worked as a civil engineer in Egypt for a number of years.[5] In 1960 he joined a Jesuit seminary near Paris and spent the next four years studying philosophy; he then went to London to study economics as a post-graduate student at the School of Oriental & African Studies. He took his MSc in 1966, and then became a researcher in economics at SOAS, where he met Judy, whom he married in 1967.[4] - In 1971, Mabro was made a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford.[5] Throughout the 1970s, Mabro's interest in oil- and energy-related matters grew, and he wrote his first monograph on the subject - ""Oil Producers and Consumers: Conflict or Cooperation"" - in 1974. He founded the Oxford Energy Policy Club in 1976; the club continues to meet biannually and gives oil industry executives and senior government officials from around the world the opportunity to hold informal, off-the-record talks. He set up the Oxford Energy Seminar, which has been held annually since 1979 and is widely recognised as an important international forum on energy. In 1982, Mabro founded the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, an educational charity devoted to researching the economics, politics and impact on international relations of oil, gas and other energies. He served as the institute's Director until 2003, and was made its Honorary President in 2006.[2] -In the 1995 New Year Honours Mabro was appointed a CBE.[1][6] He was elected a Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford in 2006.[2] He is widely held in libraries worldwide.[7] He died on Crete, Greece, on 2 August 2016. - In the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, oil prices plunged sharply to below $10 a barrel, which had significant negative effects on the economies of crude oil producers around the world. However, a history of distrust and a desire to protect their own market share was preventing any cooperation to counter the price fall amongst the nations affected. In early 1998, following a meeting in Oxford with Adrian Lajous, the head of Mexico's state-owned oil company Pemex, Mabro held a series of meetings and phone calls in which he acted as an intermediary between officials from Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and their Mexican rivals.[3][8] This initiative led to joint production cuts in late 1998 and early 1999, the effect of which was that by mid-2000 the price of crude oil had recovered to more than $30 a barrel. Lajous later recalled, ""Robert Mabro played a key, if unaccredited, role in the secret negotiations that brought together these three countries."" Mabro himself later suggested that OPEC should change its logo to a tea-bag “because it only works in hot water.”[1][8] -",2023-08-26 18:01:58 -Sugarloaf massacre - Wikipedia,"The Sugarloaf massacre was a skirmish that occurred on September 11, 1780, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania when a number of Natives and a handful of Loyalists attacked a small detachment of militia from Northampton County.[2] According to pension files and witness depositions, the militia detachment was led by Lieutenants John Moyer and John Fish of Captain Johannes Van Etten's company of volunteers.[1] - Previous violence between the Iroquois and settlers was one of the contributing factors to the events of the Sugarloaf Massacre. In 1780, there were a large number of attacks by Natives in the vicinity where the massacre took place, including an attempted attack on Moses Van Campen.[3] On June 15, 1780, a group of militia in Northampton were commissioned to serve for seven months, led by Captain Johannes Van Etten.[4][1] - The communities of Bloomsburg and Catawissa were home to large numbers of Loyalists who aided the British during the American Revolutionary War,[1] and a detachment of 41 of Van Etten's men headed to Northumberland to investigate these settlements in 1780.[5] They were placed under the command of Lieutenants Moyer and Fish, and they left Northampton County in the beginning of September 1780 from Fort Allen and headed into Sugarloaf Valley[Murder Along the Creek 1] to search for Loyalist sympathizers and spies. - On September 6, approximately 250 to 300 Native warriors and Loyalist soldiers arrived at Fort Rice, near Chillisquaque Creek in Lewis Township, Northumberland County. They attacked the fort and the surrounding residences, but Colonel Hunter sent some troops from Fort Jenkins to their aid. Approximately 200 men arrived at Fort Rice, and the Loyalists and Natives dispersed. Upon retreating, these people went over Knob Mountain and a group of 30 to 40 of them went down the stream known as Cabin Run to Fort Jenkins, which they burned down, along with numerous buildings in the fort's vicinity. They then crossed the Susquehanna River and went to Sugarloaf Valley in southwestern Luzerne County.[6] - The men of the volunteer detachment had just sat down to eat dinner on September 11, 1780, according to survivor Peter Crum, when the Loyalists and Natives started firing muskets at them. Ten militiamen were killed, according to Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Balliet, who had gone with a small force of 150 militia to bury the dead. He wrote in his report: - ""On the first notice of this unfortuned event the officers of the militia have Exerted themselves to get Volunteers out of their Respective Divissions to go up & Burry the Dead, their Labour Proved not in Vain we collected about 150 men & officers Included from the Colonels Kern, Giger & my own Battalions who would undergo the fatique & Danger to go their & pay that Respect to their slautered Brethren, Due to men who fell in support of the freedom of their Country. On the 15th we took up our line of march (want of amunation prevented us from going Sooner) on the 17th we arrived at the place of action, where we found Ten of our Soldiers Dead, Scalped, Striped Naked, & in a most cruel & Barborous manner Tomehawked, their throads Cut, &c. &c. whom we Buried & Returned without even seeing any of these Black alies, & Bloody executors of British Tirany.""[7] - Balliet's burial detail apparently skirmished with some scouts from the Loyalist and Native forces while burying the dead, as Balliet went on to report: - ""We also have great Reason to beleve that several of the Indians have been killed by our men, in Particular one by Col. Kern & an other by Capt. Moyer both of whome went Volunteers with this partie.""[7] - Most of the militiamen escaped, with Lieutenant John Moyer, Ensign Scoby, and an unnamed private taken prisoner. Moyer managed to escape, but the other two men were taken to Niagara. Moyer traveled to Fort Wyoming, which he reached on September 14.[3] - After the skirmish, the Loyalist and Native war party searched the surrounding area for several hours. The next day, they took their prisoners down Nescopeck Creek and towards the Susquehanna River before turning towards Berwick and Catawissa, Pennsylvania.[3] The soldiers who escaped the massacre spread the news as far as the Delaware River.[8] - In 1933, the Pennsylvania Historical Commission, the Wyoming Historical and Genealogical Society, and the Sugarloaf Commemorative Committee built a memorial near the location of the massacre. In 1947, a historical marker was installed on Pennsylvania Route 93, near Conyngham.[3] - The number of militiamen killed in action at the skirmish is difficult to confirm. The earliest and best source, Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Balliet, reported that ten men were buried. Samuel Rea, the County Lieutenant of Northampton County, indicated that Balliet's numbers were probably the most accurate: - ""Col. Baliort [Balliet] informs me that he had Given Council a relation of the killed and wounded he had found Burned near Neskipeki as he was at the place of action his Accts must be as near the truth as any I could procure...""[9] - Lieutenant Moyer, upon his return, said he had seen thirteen scalps on the belts of his captors, but it is hard to believe that they let him count the scalps while he was detained. Captain Van Etten did take a return at the end of the Volunteer's tour of duty, in January, 1781. He indicates that 14 men were killed on September 11, 1780.[1] But at least three of these men—George Schellhammer, Peter Crum, and Baltzar Snyder—show up on a few months later, and again in returns the following year, as substitutes (volunteers, not drafted) in Captain William Moyer's (father of Lieutenant John Moyer) company of militia and again a year later, in 1783.[1] Peter Crum lived long enough to file a pension in 1833.[1] It is likely that Van Etten did not know who had been killed (his company was spread over two dozen miles, east to west, along frontier forts in Northampton County) or these men had deserted after the massacre and returned to their farms.[1] - The number commonly believed, 15, is not sustainable according to the evidence. Thus the plaque at the site listing that many names is inaccurate.[citation needed] - Rogan Moore asserts that a Captain Daniel Klader commanded a detachment at of 41 men at Sugarloaf.[3] However, Thomas Verenna asserts that no historical evidence exists which places a man named Daniel Klader at the scene. No correspondence or militia returns mention his name. No birth record, marriage record, or death record for him exists. No survivor mentions his name or his death in their depositions and no surviving pension file from any of the Volunteers indicate that they served under a Daniel Klader of any kind.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°00′40″N 75°59′20″W / 41.011°N 75.989°W / 41.011; -75.989 -",2023-08-26 18:02:01 -Sofi Mkheyan - Wikipedia," -[needs update] - Sofi Mkheyan (Armenian: Սոֆի Մխեյան, born April 8, 1984) is an Armenian singer[1] and the winner of Best Newcomer award at the Armenian National Music Awards in Yerevan in 2005.[2] - Mkheyan was born in Yerevan, the daughter of Parliament member Gagik Mkheyan, who previously served as the Vice President of Orinats Yerkir.[3][4][5] She has one brother, Gor.[4] She started singing at the Doremi Vocal Studio and later Sayat Music School and Romanos Melikyan Musical College; all three are in Yerevan.[citation needed] She then attended Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan.[citation needed] - Mkheyan won the Best Newcomer award at the Armenian National Music Awards in 2005;[2] Best Modern Pop Female in 2009; and Best Female Singer in 2010.[6][7] - As of 2022, she has released 4 albums: Kyanke Qo, Luys Khavarum, 2012, and The Best of Sofi Mkheyan, as well as a number of singles.[citation needed] DerHova is a frequent producer and she has collaborated with singers such as Sirusho and Vigen Hovsepyan.[8] In 2007, ""Ore Yev Nerkan"", a single later added to Kyange Qo, won the Hit of the Year award in 2007 at the Armenian National Music Awards.[9] She made a music video for Hayastani erge (Armenia's Song), her first patriotic song, in 2012; the video was filmed in both Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh.[10] - She judged and coached for The Voice of Armenia between 2012 and 2017; fellow judges included Arame, Nune Yesayan, and Sevak Khanagyan.[11][12] - She is politically active and patriotic. In 2020, she participated in a protest against Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan's decision to sign a peace treaty over the conflict for the Nagorno-Karabakh area.[13] -",2023-08-26 18:02:05 -Rossy Moreno - Wikipedia,"María del Rocío ""Rossy"" Moreno León (born October 17, 1965)[1] is a Mexican luchadora, or female professional wrestler. In AAA she is a former AAA Reina de Reinas Champion and a two-time Mexican National Women's Champion. - Moreno is a member of an extended wrestling family founded by her father Alfonso Moreno who was both a wrestler and a wrestling promoter and her mother who took over promoting wrestling in Arena Azteca Budokan in Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico State after Alfonso Moreno died.[2] Rossy's sisters Esther, Cynthia and Alda Moreno are or have been professional wrestlers as well as her brother who works as El Oriental.[2] She is the ex-wife of Dr. Wagner Jr. and they have a son who wrestles as El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:02:08 -Robert Troup - Wikipedia,"Robert Troup (1757 – January 14, 1832) was a soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New York. He participated in the Battles of Saratoga and was present at the surrender of British General John Burgoyne. - Born in 1757, in Elizabethtown, Province of New Jersey, British America,[1] - Troup graduated from King's College (now Columbia University) in 1774 and read law,[1] with John Jay.[2] At college, he was the roommate of Alexander Hamilton.[3] - At the start of the American Revolutionary War, Troup joined the Hearts of Oak, a volunteer infantry unit of the New York militia.[citation needed] He entered as a second lieutenant in 1775, serving alongside other King's College students including Hamilton and Nicholas Fish.[citation needed] In May 1776, Troup was a first lieutenant in Colonel John Lasher's regiment.[citation needed] The Hearts of Oak became part of the Continental Army that year, forming the core of the New York Provincial Company of Artillery.[citation needed] - On August 27, 1776, while serving under General Nathaniel Woodhull during the Battle of Long Island, Troup was captured by the British near Brooklyn. He was confined to the prison ship HMS Jersey, and later was transferred to the Provost Prison in New York until his exchange on December 9, 1776.[4] - Troup rejoined the Continental Army in New Jersey,[5] becoming captain of the New York Artillery's 2nd Regiment, and was promoted to major in February 1777. - In August 1777, he became aide-de-camp to General Horatio Gates, and received a commission as lieutenant colonel on October 4, 1777. As aide to Gates, he served in the Battles of Saratoga and the final surrender of General John Burgoyne at Schuylerville, New York on the 17th of October.[2][5] He was depicted in an 1821 painting by John Trumbull titled Surrender of General Burgoyne.[6] - Troup was secretary of the Board of War starting in February 1778, and secretary of the Board of Treasury from May 29, 1779 to February 8, 1780.[1][2][5] - Troup completed his study of law under Judge William Paterson, later a Governor of New Jersey.[5] He was in private practice in Albany, New York from 1782 to 1783.[1] He was in private practice in New York City, New York from 1784 to 1796.[1] He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1786.[1] He was Clerk of Court for the United States District Court for the District of New York from 1789 to 1796.[1] - Troup was nominated by President George Washington on December 9, 1796, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of New York vacated by Judge John Laurance.[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 10, 1796, and received his commission the same day.[1] His service terminated on April 4, 1798, due to his resignation.[1] - Following his resignation from the federal bench, Troup resumed private practice in New York City from 1798 to 1804.[1] He was an Agent for Sir William Pulteney's estates in western New York from 1801 to 1832.[1][7] - Troup served as a trustee of Columbia College from 1811 to 1817, and was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati.[5] Troup was a lifelong personal friend of Alexander Hamilton, with whom he had roomed at King's College and served in the Hearts of Oak militia unit, and he continued to support Hamilton in politics.[8] - Troup resided for many years in Geneva, New York, with his wife Jannetje Goelet (1758–1840), a daughter of Peter Goelet and Elizabeth Ratsey.[5] Together, they were the parents of four children:[9] - Troup died on January 14, 1832, in New York City.[1] Troup was originally interred at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in Manhattan.[10]: 322 [11] After the death of his daughter Charlotte in 1872, his body was moved to Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[10]: 322  - Troup was a co-founder in 1785 of the New York Manumission Society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery in New York, and protection of the rights of free black people.[12] Despite being a slaveholder himself, Troup presided at the first meeting of the Society.[12] Together with Hamilton, who joined the Society at its second meeting, Troup led an unsuccessful effort to adopt a rule requiring members of the Society to free any slaves that they themselves owned.[12] In the absence of such a resolution, Troup himself waited to manumit his slaves, freeing four between 1802 and 1814.[12] - The town of Troupsburg, New York was named after Troup.[citation needed] The town of Charlotte, north of the city of Rochester, New York was named by Troup in honor of his daughter.[13] -",2023-08-26 18:02:12 -2021–22 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team - Wikipedia," - The 2021–22 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team represented the University of Louisville during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played its home games on Denny Crum Court at the KFC Yum! Center in downtown Louisville, Kentucky as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They were led by interim head coach Mike Pegues. The Cardinals finished the season 13–19 overall and 6–14 in ACC play to finish in a three way tie for eleventh place. As the eleventh seed in the ACC tournament, they defeated fourteenth seed Georgia Tech in the First Round before losing to sixth seed Virginia in the Second Round. - Head coach Chris Mack was fired on January 26, 2022 after starting the season 11–9.[1] Associate coach Mike Pegues was named the interim coach for the remainder of the season.[2] On March 16, the school named former Louisville player Kenny Payne the team's new head coach.[3] - In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Cardinals finished the season 13–7, 8–5 to finish in seventh place in ACC play. They lost to Duke in the second round of the ACC tournament. They were listed as an alternate team for the NCAA tournamentshould a team be unable to participate due to COVID-19 issues.[4] The team declined an invitation to the National Invitation Tournament prior to the NCAA Tournament field being announced.[5][6] When all teams were able to participate in the opening rounds of the NCAA tournament, the Cardinals season ended.[7] - On August 27, 2021, the school announced that head coach Chris Mack would be suspended for the first six games of the season due to his part in an attempt by former assistant Dino Gaudio to blackmail Mack.[8] Gaudio, who was a longtime assistant to Mack and whom Mack had let go following the completion of the 2020–21 season, had attempted to blackmail Mack with allegations of relatively minor misconduct by Mack and the team in violation of NCAA rules.[9] The school said that Mack was being suspended for failing to follow university guidelines regarding the matter.[10] Gaudio pled guilty to extortion for his actions in the matter.[9] - Sources: - Sources: - Roster - Schedule Source:[12] - *AP does not release post-NCAA tournament rankings^Coaches did not release a Week 2 poll. -",2023-08-26 18:02:16 -Wise Ol' Man - Wikipedia," - Wise Ol' Man is an EP by the Fall, released on 19 February 2016 by Cherry Red Records.[1] It features two new songs, ""Wise Ol' Man"" and ""All Leave Cancelled"", as well as alternate versions and remixes of songs from the band's 2015 album Sub-Lingual Tablet, and a rare live performance of ""No Xmas for John Quays"" (from the Fall's first album Live at the Witch Trials), recorded at Brudenell Social Club in Leeds on 28 November 2014.[9] - All tracks are written by Mark E. Smith, Elena Poulou and Dave Spurr",2023-08-26 18:02:20 -Bradner Stadium - Wikipedia," WikiMiniAtlas42°04′38″N 78°25′14″W / 42.077187°N 78.420576°W / 42.077187; -78.420576 -Bradner Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Olean, New York. The stadium, which can accommodate both baseball and football, served as home to minor-league baseball teams including the Olean Oilers and Olean Yankees. The stadium was built in 1926 and was substantially renovated in 2013.[1] It holds 4,000 people and primarily serves as the home stadium of the NYCBL Olean Oilers collegiate baseball team for over 20 summer games as well as the Olean High School and Archbishop Walsh football teams in the fall. The stadium accommodates several community events as well. - The stadium was approved by a public vote on February 27, 1926, and was finished for the 1928 baseball season. The facility was named after patrons John H. & Marcia B. Bradner, who donated to the construction effort. [2] - During the stadium's original baseball years, the field became notorious for its poor drainage and its configuration that had batters facing blinding sunlight when a game was played near sunset (the stadium lacked a batter's eye), which forced baseball games to be suspended until the sun set below the horizon. The stadium's baseball configuration was removed in the 1970s in what was then a successful effort to improve the drainage in the stadium, and when the stadium was again reconfigured for baseball decades later, the diamond was reoriented to avoid the ""sun breaks"".[3] - In 2009, the semi-professional Southern Tier Diesel of the Northeastern Football Alliance relocated from Wayland to begin play at the stadium.[4] The Diesel were evicted after the 2015 season, with the mayor of Olean saying that the team had damaged the playing field during a game in the 2015 season that was played in a rainstorm.[5] The Diesel were able to negotiate a compromise before the 2016 season that limits their home appearances to one game per month during baseball season.[6] A revived Olean Oilers, this version a member of the New York Collegiate Baseball League, took up residence at the stadium in 2013. - In 1947, Hall-of-Fame player Jackie Robinson played at Bradner with the Brooklyn Dodgers.[7][8] - This article about a baseball venue in New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:02:23 -Littlehampton - Wikipedia," - Littlehampton is a town, seaside resort and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It lies on the English Channel on the eastern bank of the mouth of the River Arun. It is 52 miles (84 km) south south-west of London, 19 miles (31 km) west of Brighton and 10 miles (16 km) east of the county town of Chichester. - The parish covers an area of 11.35 km2 (4 sq mi). The suburban area of the town has a population of approximately 55,000. The conurbation includes other settlements: Wick in the north west; Lyminster to the north; and Rustington to the east. Wick and Toddington, which has a large business park, became part of the town in 1901. Nearby towns include Bognor Regis to the west and Worthing to the east. - The town is also the westernmost settlement of the 15th largest urban area in England and Wales, the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, a region encompassing 474,485 people (2011 census).[3] The South Downs National Park commences 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the town: Littlehampton links to Amberley and Arundel by footpaths and railway as well as by roads. - A human settlement at Littlehampton can be traced back to prehistoric and Roman times, while it appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the small hamlet of 'Hantone'.[4] The settlement is believed to have been a fishing community around this time, appearing on a French map in around 1100 as 'Hanton'.[4] The settlement is then believed to have been given to the Abbey of St Martin de Seez in Normandy, who owned Littlehampton until around 1400. The area then passed back to the ownership of successive Earls of Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk, whose successors still reside in Arundel today. - Littlehampton began to develop as a port as a result of constant silting of the River Arun, perhaps leading to the prefix of 'Little' being added to 'Hampton', in order to distinguish it from the larger Southampton further along the coast.[4] The expansion of port activities led to a new river mouth being cut in 1735, alongside the building of a wooden harbour. At this time it was also known as Arundel Port.[5] - As the eighteenth century progressed, the town developed from a fishing community to a holiday destination, with Lord Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Constable all believed to have spent time there.[4] - The town's status as both a port and a holiday resort led to economic success in the nineteenth century, with a railway line and a cross-channel ferry to Honfleur in France being introduced.[6] The population of the town grew tenfold over the century, from 584 in 1801 to 5,954 in 1901.[4] Littlehampton remained as a holiday resort in the twentieth century, becoming known as 'The Children's Paradise' in the 1920s. - Post-war Littlehampton saw large-scale house building on the outskirts of the town, eventually absorbing the surrounding villages of Wick, Lyminster and Toddington, while the commercial element of the town became increasingly focused on boat building and water sports.[4] - In 1967, the town attracted attention by becoming the base for the first ever Blue Peter lifeboat.[7] - The world headquarters of The Body Shop is situated towards the north of the town, and is a major employer in the area. - A local company, Dando Drilling International Ltd, has been exporting drilling rigs from Littlehampton since 1867.[citation needed] Van Heyningen Brothers (VHB) salad growers was a major employer in the town from 1964 to 2003. - Littlehampton lies within the parliamentary constituency of Bognor Regis and Littlehampton, the Member of Parliament (MP) for which is Conservative Nick Gibb. - At a local government level, Littlehampton is part of Littlehampton Town Council, Arun District Council and West Sussex County Council. Littlehampton currently has 10 seats on the district council, spread across five wards – Beach, Brookfield, Ham, River and Wick with Toddington. At the district elections held in May 2011, the Conservatives won 7 of these 10 seats, Labour 2 and the Liberal Democrats 1.[8] On West Sussex county council, the town is represented by two Conservatives and a Liberal Democrat.[9] - Littlehampton has one secondary school, The Littlehampton Academy, which opened in 2009, replacing the Littlehampton Community School. - For younger children there are five primary schools — Lyminster, River Beach, St. Catherine's, White Meadows and Georgian Gardens. These schools came into existence in 2011 following a major reorganisation of primary school provision in the town, which replaced six separate junior and infant schools with three primary schools. River Beach Primary was formed from the merging of Connaught Junior with Arun Vale and Elm Grove Infants schools,[10] whilst the merger of Flora McDonald Junior and Wickbourne Infants schools brought about the creation of White Meadows.[11] Lyminster existed before the reorganisation as an infant school and has now begun a phased expansion to become a primary school.[12] - Littlehampton is on the A259, though this bypasses most of the town. Littlehampton is connected to the A27 south coast trunk road by the A284, which also provides the main north–south route out of the town and links to the A29 and A24. The A27 also later links with the M27. The A280 also links Littlehampton to the A24 and is a main route from the north-east. - Littlehampton is served by three railway stations: Littlehampton, Angmering and Ford. - Trains services from Littlehampton are provided by Southern with direct services to Brighton, London Victoria, Gatwick Airport, East Croydon, Bognor Regis, Chichester, Portsmouth and Southampton. - The Littlehampton Ferry, is a ferry linking the east and west parts of the River Arun together. The Ferry operates from 31 March to 30 September between 10 am and 5 pm, although has been closed in recent years due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Ferry Company also provide harbour tours on the hour. - Gatwick Airport is an hour away to the north, Southampton Airport is an hour and a half away to the west, Chichester/Goodwood Airport is 30 minutes also to the west and Shoreham Airport is 45 minutes to the east. The Port of Dover and the Channel Tunnel about three hours to the east; Portsmouth Harbour an hour to the west and the Port of Newhaven about an hour to the east. - Littlehampton has a number of bus routes operated by Compass Travel and Stagecoach South. The bus station at Littlehampton handles anything up to 1,000 passengers a day and over 2 buses.[clarification needed] - Littlehampton also has a small number of taxis, with taxi ranks all over the town and four different taxi companies. - Littlehampton's port is based around the River Arun, which opens onto the English Channel. A small stretch of this, 5 miles out to sea and 6 miles wide, is locally known as the ""Littlehampton Channel"". Littlehampton started as a fishing port but now is a thriving port for thousands of leisure craft which visit from all over the UK and Europe. In 2009, use of leisure craft at Littlehampton rose to the extent that at least 200 more moorings were required. - Littlehampton is also a commercial port, handling around 50–60 ships a year from Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium and France with cargo including marine aggregates, stone, marble chippings and timber. From the early 1920s David Hillyard built yachts in Littlehampton, and the company of David Hillyard Ltd continued here until 2009,[13] producing a total of over 850 yachts. - St Mary's is the Anglican parish church while St Catherine's is the principal Catholic church.[14] In the cemetery, which is on the northern side of the town, lies the grave of Katharine O'Shea (""Kitty O'Shea"") (1845–1921), the wife of Charles Stewart Parnell. - There are two other Anglican churches: St James the Great on Arundel Road[14] and All Saints in Wick.[15] Littlehampton Baptist Church, Littlehampton United Church (United Reformed and Methodist), Parkside Evangelical Church, the Arun Community Church (Evangelical), Trinity Church (Evangelical) and the Quaker Friends Meeting House also serve the town.[14][16] - The Littlehampton bonfire procession, bonfire and firework display is an annual event which has been organised by the Littlehampton Bonfire Society since 1952.[17] It is part of a series of bonfire festivals organised by Sussex Bonfire Societies throughout Sussex. - Littlehampton supports a range of performance groups including Stagedoor Theatre Company, The Edwin James Festival Choir & Orchestra, The Musical Comedy Society and Players Operatic Society who perform throughout the year. It also holds a popular 'Last Night of the Proms' concert performed annually by the Littlehampton Concert Band.[18] - The Windmill Entertainment Centre is a small theatre and single-screen cinema, with a 213-seat auditorium situated on the seafront in Littlehampton. - The East Beach Cafe, designed by Heatherwick Studio, opened on the seafront of Littlehampton's east beach in July 2007.[31][32] - The building is a fully welded monocoque structure, reflecting its exposed location with a rough, weathered appearance, which Heatherwick describes as being like a piece of weathered flotsam swept up onto the beach.[33] It was built in Littlehampton, with steelwork by Littlehampton Welding Ltd and site work by Langridge Developments, another local firm.[34] The construction of the cafe caused a stir in Littlehampton, with some seeing it as an eyesore and others welcoming it as a world-class piece of architecture and a symbol of regeneration.[citation needed] - Littlehampton is home to Britain's longest bench.[35][36] The bench was designed by Studio Weave, a London-based architecture practice and opened in mid-July 2010.[35] It was designed based on initial ideas by children from Littlehampton's Connaught Junior school and was funded by Anita Roddick's husband Gordon and from a CABE grant from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.[35][37] - The bench is a continuous structure stretching 324 metres along the majority of Littlehampton's east beach promenade and is constructed of tropical hardwood slats reclaimed from coastal groynes and landfill.[38] The bench is described by Studio Weave as ""a charm bracelet gifted to the town as a delicate piece of jewellery that can accommodate new and varied additions. The form of the bracelet's chain is informed by the simple seaside boardwalk together with some maths that envisages movement.""[35] - The Look and Sea centre includes the Harbour Lights café and an observation tower.[39] - Harbour Park is at the entrance of the River Arun with two restaurants, two arcades, a rollercoaster, log flume and other attractions. - A number of operators offer services out of Littlehampton harbour with ferry services across the river, sight seeing trips around the harbour, to Arundel, Brighton, Chichester and the Isle of Wight and speed boat rides to Worthing Pier, the Southampton Power Boat Show, Lymington Power Boat Show and to Cowes and Torquay for the Cowes to Torquay power boat race.[40][41][42] - Norfolk Gardens, a multi-purpose outdoor site operated by Tivoli Lifestyle, is further along the promenade. The site includes a 9-hole pitch and putt course, recently refurbished 9-hole adventure golf course renamed Buccaneer Bay, tennis and bowls, and the Putting Green Café.[43] - The Littlehampton Miniature Railway runs for 800 yards from Norfolk Gardens to Mewsbrook Park and is the oldest 12¼"" (311mm) gauge railway in the UK.[44][45] - Littlehampton harbour (see also Littlehampton Port above) is on the River Arun at the western side of the town, with yacht moorings. Also on the west bank of the river are Littlehampton Redoubt and Climping sand dunes. - Littlehampton lifeboat station is one of the UK's busiest RNLI Lifeboat stations. As well as providing local search and rescue coverage, volunteer crew members also provided humanitarian help during flooding in East Pakistan over 35 years ago.[46] The lifeboat station operates two boats: an Atlantic 85 class lifeboat, Renee Sherman (B-891) and a D Class Lifeboat, Ray of Hope (D-769).[47][48] The Arun class of lifeboats (in service 1971–2008) take their name from the Arun river, which comes to a head at Littlehampton, however no Arun-class lifeboats have been stationed at the station.[49] Until the retiring of the Atlantic 75 class lifeboat, Blue Peter 1 (B-779) in 2016, Littlehampton lifeboat station had operated a lifeboat funded by viewers of the BBC television programme Blue Peter since 1967.[50] - Littlehampton's police station is situated just outside the town centre with a CID building and the head major incidents unit in West Sussex adjoining.[51] There was also an ambulance station adjacent to the police station, although it's not in use.[52] - Littlehampton's fire station, which is near the town centre, maintains two water-tender ladders.[53] The station has a full-time immediate response appliance, with the second appliance covered by on-call retained firefighters.[53] There is another fire station in East Preston with one water-tender ladder and a Red cross support unit.[54] - Littlehampton's hospital was demolished in 2005,[55] since then its replacement has been under debate at a local and national level.[56] Neighbouring Rustington has Zachary Merton Hospital, which lacks an Emergency department. It has 31 beds and other clinics.[57] The Fitzalan Medical Group has two surgeries in Littlehampton, including the headquarters surgery just outside the town centre and one in Wick.[58] - Littlehampton Rugby Club plays in the Sussex Intermediate League, National Level 10, after promotion at the end of the 2010–11 season. Most games are played on Saturday or Sunday afternoon, either at The Littlehampton Academy or in the West/East Sussex area. The club is also involved in the local community, including the carnival, bonfire night, dragon boat racing and other charitable events. - Having been established over 100 years ago, Littlehampton Hockey Club is one of the oldest hockey clubs in England. In 1999 became the first club in the history of Sussex Hockey to win the Sussex Open Premier League while remaining undefeated all season.[citation needed] - The flints that make up Littlehampton's West Beach contain quite a few fossils.[59] The flints are formed by silica from sea sponges and diatoms from around 60 to 95 million years ago. Some of the creatures become fossilised and can be seen as patterns on the outside of the flint. These are known locally as Shepherds crowns. The Littlehampton Museum[60] occasionally organises fossil hunting walks during the school holidays. - The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Town of Littlehampton. - Littlehampton is twinned with two towns. Each is twinned with the others: -",2023-08-26 18:02:26 -Solid (web decentralization project) - Wikipedia," - Solid (Social Linked Data)[1] is a web decentralization project led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, originally developed collaboratively at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The project ""aims to radically change the way Web applications work today, resulting in true data ownership as well as improved privacy""[2] by developing a platform for linked-data applications that are completely decentralized and fully under users' control rather than controlled by other entities. The ultimate goal of Solid is to allow users to have full control of their own data, including access control and storage location. To that end, Tim Berners-Lee formed a company called Inrupt to help build a commercial ecosystem to fuel Solid. - Two decades after Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, he outlined the design issues of what later became the Solid project in drafts he wrote for the World Wide Web Consortium.[3][4] Berners-Lee became increasingly dismayed at seeing his invention being abused, such as when Russian hackers interfered with the 2016 US elections, when the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal became public, when Facebook in 2012 conducted psychological experiments on nearly 700,000 users in secret, and when Google and Amazon applied for patents on devices that listen for emotional changes in human voices.[5] - Berners-Lee felt that the Internet was in need of repair and conceived the Solid project as a first step to fix it, as a way to give individual users full control over the usage of their data.[6] The Solid project is available to anyone to join and contribute, although Berners-Lee advises that people without coding skills should instead advocate publicly for changing the Internet.[7] - In 2015, MIT received a gift from Mastercard to support the development of Solid. Berners-Lee's research team collaborated with the Qatar Computing Research Institute and Oxford University on Solid.[8] - In 2018, Berners-Lee took a sabbatical from MIT to launch a commercial venture based on Solid, named Inrupt.[9][10] The company's mission is ""to provide commercial energy and an ecosystem to help protect the integrity and quality of the new web built on Solid.""[11] - In 2018, a process of open standardization through the World Wide Web Consortium started for the Solid specifications.[12] - In December 2021, Inrupt raised $30 million from Series A investments.[13] - There are a number of technical challenges to be surmounted to accomplish decentralizing the web, according to Berners-Lee's vision.[14] Rather than using a centralized spoke–hub distribution paradigm, decentralized peer-to-peer networking is implemented in a manner that adds more control and performance features than traditional peer-to-peer networks such as BitTorrent. Other goals are for the system to be easy to use, fast, and allow for simple creation of applications by developers.[14] - Solid's central focus is to enable the discovery and sharing of information in a way that preserves privacy. A user stores personal data in ""pods"" (personal online data stores) hosted wherever the user desires. Applications that are authenticated by Solid are allowed to request data if the user has given the application permission. A user may distribute personal information among several pods; for example, different pods might contain personal profile data, contact information, financial information, health, travel plans, or other information. The user could then join an authenticated social-networking application by giving it permission to access the appropriate information in a specific pod. The user retains complete ownership and control of data in the user's pods: what data each pod contains, where each pod is stored, and which applications have permission to use the data.[1] - In more detail, Solid consists of the following components:[15] -",2023-08-26 18:02:29 -The Thinking Man's Trombone - Wikipedia,"The Thinking Man's Trombone is an album by trombonist Al Grey released in 1960 on Argo Records.[1][2][3] - The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated: ""A boppish trombonist who was a master at using the plunger mute (crossing over into swing), Grey holds his own on this set ... Swinging and witty music"".[4] -",2023-08-26 18:02:33 -Vulpia bromoides - Wikipedia," - Bromus dertonensis All. -Festuca bromoides L. -Festuca dertonensis (All.) Aschers. & Graebn. -Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Gola - Vulpia bromoides, squirreltail fescue,[1]: 170–171  barren fescue[2]: 450  or brome fescue, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is a winter annual native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia, but has been introduced to parts of the America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and isolated parts of East Asia.[3] - Media related to Vulpia bromoides at Wikimedia Commons - - This Pooideae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:02:37 -Eremophila scrobiculata - Wikipedia," - Eremophila sp. 'Wanna' - Eremophila scrobiculata is low, spreading shrub with sessile, linear leaves and lilac-coloured flowers and that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows on the slopes of low, stony hills on Wanna Station. - Eremophila scrobiculata is a shrub that typically grows to 30–50 cm (12–20 in) high and 80–100 cm (31–39 in) wide. Its branches are glabrous and grey. The leaves are arranged alternately, clustered near the ends of the branches, sessile, more or less glabrous, linear but thickened, 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) wide. The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a pedicel 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. There are five triangular to lance-shaped, green sepals that are 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long and 0.5–2.5 mm (0.020–0.098 in) wide with a few scattered hairs. The petal tube is lilac-coloured, 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and lacks spots. The four stamens are enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering mainly occurs from June to August but also at other times after rainfall.[2][3] - This species was first formally described in 2016 by Bevan Buirchell and Andrew Phillip Brown in the journal Nuytsia from specimens on Wanna Station (north of Mount Augustus National Park) in 2005.[3][4] The specific epithet (scrobiculata) is from the Latin scrobiculatus meaning ""scrobiculate"", or ""furrowed or having the surface dotted all over with small round depressions"" referring to the leaves.[3][5] - Eremophila scrobiculata is only known from the type location where it grows on the slopes of small, stony hills in the Gascoyne biogeographic region.[2][3][6] - Eremophila scrobiculata classified as ""Priority One"" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife,[6] meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.[7] -",2023-08-26 18:02:40 -Highway H33 (Ukraine) - Wikipedia,"H33 is a Ukrainian national highway (H-highway), passing through the territory of the Odesa region. The route was previously designated as territorial road T-16-04 until 2013 and regional road P-70 from 2013 to 2017, when it was redesignated as national highway H33. - The total length of the road, Odesa – Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi – Monashi - M 15 (together with the entrance to the Port of Chornomorsk), is 97.2 kilometres (60.4 mi). [1][2] - Route map: H 33: [3][4] -",2023-08-26 18:02:44 -Alan Connell - Wikipedia," - Alan John Connell (born 5 February 1983) is an English former professional footballer and current youth team coach at AFC Bournemouth. - As a player, he was a striker who played between 2001 and 2016. Connell came through the youth academy at Tottenham Hotspur but received his first professional contract from Ipswich Town, despite this he failed to make an appearance and joined AFC Bournemouth in 2002 where despite making over 50 league appearances he was largely used as a back-up striker. This prompted him to move to Torquay United in 2005 after three years with Bournemouth. A year later he moved on again to Hereford United before re-signing for Bournemouth in 2008. In his second season back with the club he helped them to a 2nd-place finish in League Two thus securing promotion to League One. In the summer of 2010 he signed for Conference National side Grimsby Town where he scored 25 league goals in 46 appearances, this earned him the ""Supporters Player of the Season"" and eventually a move to Swindon Town where he again won promotion from League Two. After a year with Swindon he moved once again, signing with Bradford City. He has since had short stints with Northampton Town and former club, Grimsby Town. He finished his career in Non League playing for both Havant & Waterlooville and Poole Town. - Born in Enfield,[1] Connell was a trainee at Tottenham Hotspur as a youngster but soon transferred to George Burley's Ipswich Town in 2001. Connell failed to win a call into a first team squad and was released in the summer of 2002. - Connell then transferred to AFC Bournemouth after a successful trial period at the end of the 2001–02 season. Alan was handed his professional debut by Sean O'Driscoll on 13 August 2002 in the club's 0–0 home draw with Kidderminster Harriers.[2] He would go on to score 7 goals in 14 games before he suffered a cruciate ligament injury in October 2002 in a match against Leyton Orient which ruled him out for the remainder of his first season. By the end of the season Bournemouth had earned promotion from Division Three via a play-off final victory over Lincoln City at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.[3] During the 2003–04 season, Connell would only feature 7 times for The Cherries.[4] His final season at Bournemouth was also thwarted by a foot injury. In all, 42 of his 61 appearances for the Cherries were from the substitutes' bench and he scored 11 goals. - He moved to Torquay United in the summer of 2005 for a fee of £5,000, making his debut in the 0–0 draw against Notts County on the opening day of the 2005–06 season.[5] However, he failed to secure a regular first-team place and Bournemouth even tried to sign him back on loan in March 2006. By the end of the season Torquay had narrowly avoided relegation from the Football League and Connell would eventually leave the club after making 26 appearances in all competitions, scoring 7 goals.[6] - In the summer of 2006 he signed for newly promoted Conference National play-off champions Hereford United in July 2006. After initially being restricted to substitute appearances, Connell broke into the starting eleven and went on to become the top goalscorer at the club, despite not always playing in his favoured role as a striker. In the second half of the season, he was usually named in the starting XI as other strikers at the club were rotated. He was named Player of the Month for October. He finished the season on 51 appearances in all competitions scoring 10 goals.[7] - Connell turned down Hereford's offer of a new contract and instead signed for Brentford on 2 July 2007.[8] He remained at Griffin Park for only one season and departed a year later.[6] However, in this season he was hugely influential and made regular starting appearances. He started well again the next season but was moved down the pecking order by new signing Charlie Macdonald. Playing most of his 44 games in one season he was a huge hit with the fans and helped keep Brentford aloft in a tricky first season down from League 1. - On 29 August 2008 Bournemouth re-signed Connell for an undisclosed fee. The club who had recently been relegated back into Football League Two were also handed a point deduction for financial irregularities. Connell and Bournemouth secured their Football League status and prevented a second successive relegation when they beat relegation rivals Grimsby Town 2–1 at home on the penultimate day of the 2008–09 season. Other results had meant Grimsby also avoided the drop. During the 2009–10 season despite a transfer embargo being placed on the club, Bournemouth surged home to finish 2nd in the League and earn promotion back to Football League One with Connell scoring the goal that secured promotion, away to Burton in the last away game of the season. Connell made 60 appearances, scoring 8 goals during his second spell with the club.[6] - In July 2010, he moved to Conference National side Grimsby Town.[9] The club had suffered relegation in the previous season from League Two, whilst Connell and former club Bournemouth had earned promotion. On 17 July 2010 Alan scored on his home debut for Town in a 2–1 friendly win over Sheffield Wednesday.[10] He then made his league debut on 14 August 2010 in a 1–0 win against Crawley Town and scored his first league goal in the 2–1 home defeat against Hayes & Yeading.[10] Connell went on to score 14 goals in his opening 19 appearances for The Mariners doubling the total of the previous season's top goalscorer Peter Sweeney and doing so in little over two months into the season, prompting club chairman John Fenty to state in a fans forum that the club would be aiming to keep Connell and not cash in on the forward in the January transfer window.[11] On 1 January 2011 Connell scored two free kicks which were his 18th and 19th goals of the season during Grimsby's 7–2 victory over Mansfield Town.[12] - On Saturday 30 April 2011, Connell scored his 29th goal of the season in all competitions against AFC Wimbledon – Grimsby's final game of the 2010–11 season. He received several player of the year trophies at the club's annual awards night.[13] On 24 June 2011 Grimsby joint-manager Paul Hurst revealed the club had received a number of offers for the player, one from a Football League One club, another from a Football League Two side and a third bid from a fellow Conference National side, all of which were dismissed haven been described as ""derisory"".[14] - On 7 July 2011 amongst speculation of Connell's future at Grimsby, chairman John Fenty stated that the player was not for sale and also mentioned he had received an official bid from fellow Conference National side Luton Town that he described also as ""derisory"",[15] and on 13 July 2011 Fenty commented that Connell would definitely not be sold to another club in Grimsby's division, mentioning that the player is happy at Grimsby.[16] - Connell signed for Swindon Town on 15 July 2011, for an undisclosed six-figure sum, thought to be in the region of £115,000.[17] He scored his first and second goals for the club on 3 September 2011, helping his team to a 3–2 win over Rotherham United.[18] - On 20 July 2012, Connell joined Bradford City on a two-year contract. He made his debut on 11 August in the League Cup during a 1–0 win against Notts County.[19] He made his league debut a week later against Gillingham.[19] He made his home debut on 25 August, coming on as a substitute for Nahki Wells during a 5–1 win against AFC Wimbledon.[19] He scored his first goal for the club on 8 September, coming off the bench to score in a 1–1 draw against Accrington Stanley.[19] He scored again in the following game, a 3–0 win against Barnet at Valley Parade.[19] - On 30 January 2014, Connell joined Northampton Town on contract until the end of the 2013–14 season,[20] turning down former club Grimsby Town after being in advanced talks to re-sign for The Mariners.[21] - Connell was released at the end of the season and joined Dagenham & Redbridge on trial, scoring on his debut in a friendly against Bromley.[22] One day before the start of the 2014–15 season, Connell signed a short-term deal with former club Grimsby Town and played in the club's opening day 0–0 draw away at Bristol Rovers. Having failed to make an impact in the opening three fixtures of the season, Connell lost his place in the team to Jon-Paul Pittman and on 28 August 2014 he was released by the club on mutual consent only three weeks after re-joining the club.[23] - On 6 September 2014, Connell joined Conference South side Havant & Waterlooville.[24] - AFC Bournemouth - Swindon Town - Bradford City - Poole Town - Individual -",2023-08-26 18:02:48 -"All Hallows Church (South River, Maryland) - Wikipedia","All Hallows Church, also known as The Brick Church, is a historic church located at 3604 Solomon's Island Road, in Edgewater, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. Parish records date back to 1682, indicating that it existed prior to the Act of Establishment (1692) passed by the General Assembly of Maryland laying off the Province into 30 Anglican parishes.[2] - The church building is a low, rectangular Flemish bond brick structure with a hip roof. The building was constructed about 1710 as the parish church of All Hallows' or South River Parish, now called All Hallows Parish, South River. The interior was gutted by fire in 1727. It was modernized in 1825 and again in 1885. After a fire in 1940, reconstruction restored the building to its 1710 appearance. - The ancient cemetery, shaded by a grove of oak trees, surrounds the church. It contains the graves of many local families. One is Provincial Justice, Deputy-Governor and Lord High Sheriff of Anne Arundel Colonel William Burgess (1622–1686), who donated 100 acres of his lands for the establishment of Londontowne.[3] Among the descendants of pioneer planter/politician Colonel Nicholas Gassaway is his son, the Lord High Sheriff Captain Thomas Gassaway (1683–1739), amidst whose plantations the church itself was built. - The bell in the rustic tower bears the date 1727. - All Hallows' Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.[1] - In addition to the Brick Church, the parish maintains a chapel-of-ease at 864 West Central Avenue, in Davidsonville. The Chapel was constructed from 1860 to 1865 because the parish's Brick Church was too far away at 5 miles (8.0 km) distant.[4] The parish's rectory is diagonally across the street from the Chapel.[5] - All Hallows Parish, South River, is still an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland. The Rev. Jeffrey C. Hual is the current rector.[6] - Bell Tower at All Hallow's Brick Church, Completed in Spring 2006 by C. R. Bennett Construction, September 2009 - Media related to All Hallows Church (South River, Maryland) at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 18:02:51 -Harry Kandel - Wikipedia,"Harry Kandel (c. 1885–1943) was an American clarinetist and klezmer bandleader of the early twentieth century. His recording career with the Victor Recording Company lasted from 1916 to 1927, during which he released dozens of Jewish music records.[1] - Harry was born Chaim Kandel (חיים קאַנדעל)[2] sometime around 1885; on some immigration documents he gave his birthdate as September 21, 1883[3] or March 28, 1884.[4] Kandel's birthplace is also unclear, as some sources say he was born in Kraków, Galicia[1] whereas others say it was Lviv[5] or just Galicia more generally.[6] In a number of census and immigration documents Kandel listed his birthplace as Russia[7][8][9] or more specifically Kovel, Volyn Oblast (now located in Ukraine).[3][4] His father was named Mordko Kandel.[4] Despite Harry's later career recording klezmer music in the United States, he apparently did not come from a klezmer family, but one involved in the timber trade.[10] He studied clarinet at the Odessa Conservatory and briefly served in a Russian army band before emigrating to New York City in October 1904.[1][4][2] - Upon arriving in the United States, Kandel became a working musician on the popular Keith Vaudeville Circuit with the Great Lafayette Band, then appeared on Buffalo Bill's Wild West show.[11][5] He seems to have lived in Philadelphia as early as 1904, although he also apparently lived and worked in New York City at other times.[4] He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1912.[12] At some point in the 1910s he became bandleader at the Arch Street Theatre, a vaudeville and Yiddish Theatre venue, where he continued to work at least until 1918.[13] He also became assistant band director in and clarinetist/saxophonist in John Philips Sousa's Pennsylvania State Militia Band.[1][11] He also played weddings and community functions in Philadelphia.[11] - He formed his own group, Harry Kandel's Famous Inlet Orchestra, in 1916.[5] He also got into business, opening the People's Talking Machine Company on South Street, a store which sold records, sheet music and Piano rolls.[11] - At around the same time he was recruited by the Victor Recording Company to help develop its klezmer music catalog.[5] He became one of the well-known names in the genre alongside his contemporaries Naftule Brandwein, Max Leibowitz and Dave Tarras.[14] According to Philadelphia klezmer researcher Hankus Netsky, his recordings during this era were full of melodies and musicians from that city's klezmer music milieu, including drummer and xylophonist Jacob Hoffman, and was quite distinct from the recordings of the better-known New York bandleaders.[1] He also recorded for Brunswick and Okeh. He recorded roughly 90 sides of Jewish music from 1915 to 1927.[1] - He mostly retired from orchestral work in 1924 to run a music store. He continued performing on occasions, and appeared on the radio. In the 1930s he primarily made his living running electrical appliance stores. In the early '30s he mainly sold radios[7][15] and by the late '30s was running a store that sold Westinghouse refrigerators.[16][8] Years later Kandel's wife's obituary remembered him not as a musician but as a ""pioneer electrical appliance dealer"".[17] He also used his businesses to lend support to Jewish radio; for a time in the 1930s he collaborated with the Kolster Radio Corporation to fund the Kandel-Kolster Hour.[18] That program, which aired on WDAS, presented singers such as Chaim Tauber and Moishe Oysher to the city.[11] - He died in Philadelphia on July 20 or 22, 1943, and was buried in the Montefiore Cemetery.[19][9] - Kandel married his wife Pauline (née Wool or Voll) in Philadelphia in 1907.[20] She continued to live in Philadelphia after Harry's death and passed away herself in 1952.[17][21] Their children were Reba (born 1911), Samuel (born 1913), and Doris (born 1921), all born in Philadelphia.[7] - A collection of music manuscripts assembled by Kandel ended up in the archive of the YIVO institute in New York City,[22] and other manuscripts which he had submitted for copyright ended up in the Library of Congress.[23] During the Klezmer Revival of the 1970s and 1980s, there was renewed interest in 78 rpm recordings of klezmer music from the 1910s and 1920s, and some of Kandel's old recordings were reinterpreted or reissued. Some of the reissue albums they appeared on include Jakie jazz 'em up: old-time klezmer music, 1912-1926. (Global Village, 1993), Klezmer pioneers : European and American recordings, 1905-1952. (Rounder Records, 1993), and Klezmer music: early Yiddish instrumental music, 1908-1927. (Arhoolie Records, 1997). In addition, Global Village put out two CDs entirely of reissued Kandel tracks: Russian sher: master of klezmer music (1993) and Master of klezmer music. Volume 2, Der gassen nigun (1997). In 2010 the Judaica Sound Archives at Florida Atlantic University also reissued a number of his tracks in CD form: The Kandel Orchestra. Volume 1: 1917-1918. and The Kandel Orchestra. Volume 2: 1921.. -",2023-08-26 18:02:55 -Kadashman-Harbe II - Wikipedia,"Kadašman-Ḫarbe II, inscribed dKa-dáš-man-Ḫar-be, Kad-aš-man-Ḫar-be or variants and meaning I believe in Ḫarbe, the lord of the Kassite pantheon corresponding to Enlil, succeeded Enlil-nādin-šumi, as the 30th Kassite or 3rd dynasty king of Babylon. His reign was recorded as lasting only one year, six months, c. 1223 BC, as ""MU 1 ITI 6"" according to the Kinglist A,[i 1] a formula which is open to interpretation. - He seems to have been elevated to the kingship following the downfall of Enlil-nādin-šumi after the invasion of Elamite forces under their king, Kidin-Hutran III. He may have ruled during the Assyrian hegemony of Tukulti-Ninurta I or possibly in the period between the capture of the earlier Kassite monarch, Kaštiliašu IV, and the second Assyrian campaign which conquered the city of Babylon.[1] There is little known about the reign other than it was short, perhaps just a few months.[2] - Despite the apparent brevity of his reign, there are six economic texts (clay tablets) dated to him. The two economic texts from Ur include a judgment of a case[i 2] involving the aborted purchase of a boy called Bunni-Sîn and the aggressive steps his would-be buyer (Šamaš-ēṭir) took to seek return of his fee, including imprisoning the wife (Rihītuša) of the acting surety (Irība-ili). The other Ur text[i 3] is dated seven months later and is a purchase contract for a cow with calf, where Šamaš-ēṭir once again acts as buyer.[3][4] There are two texts from Nippur dated to his reign, one of which[i 4] records the sale of a girl, one-half cubit in size, to Rabâ-ša-Ninimma, as a wife for his second son, Ninimma-zēra-šubši, for the price of two fine muḫtillû-garments, worth two shekels of gold, and some food. The other text is a ration list[i 5] and is the earliest of the dated clay tablets.[5] - The other texts, one of unknown origin[i 6] and one apparently from Babylon[i 7] remain unpublished. This second text would have presented a chronological problem as it could be dated Ṭebētu, 10th day tenth year if the Winkelhaken has been correctly read.[6] It was recovered from the archive of Itti-Ezida-lummir in Babylon (Pedersén M8) along with another tablet of unconventional dating,[i 8] leading Werner Nahm to suggest them both ancient fabrications.[7] However, it is written in the heavily slanted paleography of late Middle Babylonian cuneiform and should probably read as 1 in contrast to the 10 date on the preceding line.[8] The other five texts fall within a twelve-month period. Also, another tablet from Nippur[i 9] mentions him probably in the context of an earlier transaction in his accession year: [M]U.SAG.˹NA˺[M.L]UGAL-rí ˹d˺ka-dáš-m[an-ḫar-b]e, but the date for the document omits a king's name.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:02:58 -Cardinal Stritch University - Wikipedia,"Cardinal Stritch University was a private Roman Catholic university with its primary campus in Fox Point and Glendale, Wisconsin. Its enrollment as of Fall 2021 was 1,365.[2] The university closed in May 2023 due to financial challenges and declining enrollment.[3] - Cardinal Stritch University was founded in 1937 as St. Clare College by the Sisters of St. Francis of Assisi on Milwaukee's south side as an institution to help the order's sisters effectively train as teachers. The sisters opened a reading clinic in 1943 to help promote literacy in the area; Cardinal Stritch University Literacy Centers still existing today throughout the Milwaukee area, teaching people how to read. - In 1946, the college was renamed Cardinal Stritch College in honor of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee's Cardinal Samuel Stritch. The college opened its programs to lay women for the first time and was subsequently accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools in 1953. - Stritch established its first graduate program in 1956, offering majors in special education and reading. The university also opened its doors to men that year, becoming fully co-educational in 1970. - Stritch moved to its current campus in the northern Milwaukee suburb of Fox Point in 1962. This new campus allowed the college to begin many new programs such as the nursing program in 1980 and its College of Business and Management in 1982. - Cardinal Stritch College was renamed Cardinal Stritch University in 1997. The university's first doctoral program (devoted to Leadership for the Advancement of Learning and Service) opened for enrollment the following year. A $14 million expansion and renovation of the university occurred in 2006 with the introduction of online degree programs. - In April 2023, university administrators announced that the university would close in May due to financial challenges and declining enrollment.[3] - The university is located on a 40-acre (16 ha) campus 9 miles (14 km) north of Milwaukee in the suburbs of Fox Point and Glendale. The campus sits on private land accessible from roads on the eastern and western edges. Lake Michigan is less than one mile (1.6 km) east of campus.[citation needed] - Cardinal Stritch University offered more than 60 fields of study throughout four colleges, with bachelor, master, and doctorate degrees. - The Cardinal Stritch athletic teams were called the Wolves. The university was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (CCAC) since the 1997–98 academic year.[4] The Wolves previously competed in the defunct Lake Michigan Conference of the NCAA Division III ranks from 1974–75 to 1996–97. - Cardinal Stritch competed in 13 intercollegiate varsity sports. - The Cardinal Stritch men's basketball team won the Lake Michigan Conference men's basketball championship in 1987. The men's team was also five-time National Little College Athletic Association (now the United States Collegiate Athletic Association) Great Lakes District men's basketball champion from 1983 to 1987. - The Cardinal Stritch men's basketball team won the NAIA Division II National Championship in 2013. After being ranked number one in seven straight polls, they were knocked out of the 2014 NAIA Men's Division II basketball tournament in the second round. - In 2016, the men's indoor track and field team accomplished a first in Stritch history with a seventh-place finish at the NAIA indoor track and field nationals. -  WikiMiniAtlas43°08′24″N 87°54′36″W / 43.14000°N 87.91000°W / 43.14000; -87.91000 -",2023-08-26 18:03:01 -Thornicroft's giraffe - Wikipedia," - G. thornicroftiG. tippelskirchi thornicrofti - Thornicroft's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti), also known as the Rhodesian giraffe or Luangwa giraffe, is a subspecies of giraffe. It is sometimes considered a species in its own right (as Giraffa thornicrofti)[2] or a subspecies of the Masai giraffe (as Giraffa tippelskirchi thornicrofti).[3][4][5] It is geographically isolated, occurring only in Zambia’s South Luangwa Valley.[6] An estimated 550 live in the wild, with no captive populations. Its lifespan is 22 years for males and 28 years for females.[7] The ecotype was originally named after Harry Scott Thornicroft, a commissioner in what was then North-Eastern Rhodesia and later Northern Rhodesia. - Thornicroft's giraffes are tall with very long necks.[8] They have long, dark tongues and skin-colored horns.[9] Giraffes have a typical coat pattern, with regional differences among subspecies. The pattern consists of large, irregular shaped brown to black patches separated by white to yellow bands.[9] Male giraffes' coats darken with age, particularly the patches. The darkening of the coat has not been studied extensively enough to indicate absolute age; however, it can estimate relative age of male Thornicroft's giraffes.[7] - Giraffes occur in arid and dry-savannah zones in sub-Saharan Africa, provided trees are available as a food source. Thornicroft's giraffe is endemic to Zambia.[6] Giraffes are herd animals with a flexible social system.[10] - Giraffes are exclusively browsers that primarily feed on leaves and shoots of trees and shrubs. They consume deciduous plants in the wet season and transition to evergreen and semi-evergreen species in the dry season, choosing flowers, fruits, and pods when they are available. They are true ruminants with forestomach fermentation. Their food intake is approximately 2.1% of the body mass of females and 1.6% for males. They can obtain their water through the foliage they consume, but drink regularly when water is available. Giraffes seek out acacia species when browsing. Their feeding stimulates shoot production of the species.[11] - Thornicroft's giraffes breed throughout the year. They reach sexual maturity at approximately six years, and then produce offspring approximately every 677 days. About half of all calves die before one year of age, mostly due to predation. Giraffes[which?] can become pregnant while lactating, an unusual characteristic.[12] - Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti is endemic to Zambia with a population of less than 550. There are none in captivity. Ecotourism has played a vital role in conservation of all subspecies of giraffes, due to their popularity with tourists. Giraffes as a species are classified as vulnerable according to the IUCN, but their populations are rapidly declining, with some subspecies being listed as critically endangered[13] Their primary threats are poaching, human population growth, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and habitat degradation.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:03:05 -Texas State Highway 60 - Wikipedia," State Highway 60 State Highway 60 (SH 60) is a state route running from Wallis to Matagorda, Texas. The route was designated on August 21, 1923, from Wharton to Matagorda, previously numbered SH 12C.[2] On June 8, 1925, SH 60 was extended north to East Bernard. On July 27, 1925, SH 60 was extended north to Wallis.[3] On December 17, 1929, the section from East Bernard to Wallis was to be cancelled when resurfacing on this section is done. On December 12, 1931, the section from East Bernard to Wallis was cancelled as resurfacing was completed.[4] On May 27, 1932, the section from Wallis to East Bernard was to be restored when right-of-way was acquired.[5] On April 10, 1934, that section was restored, as right-of-way was acquired.[6] - - This Texas road-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:03:10 -2nd Guards Brigade (Croatia) - Wikipedia,"The 2nd Guards Brigade (Croatian: 2. gardijska brigada), also known by their nickname Thunders (Gromovi), was one of the original Croatian National Guard (ZNG) brigades formed in 1991 and one of the most elite mechanized infantry units in the Croatian Ground Army (HV) during its existence, during which it saw action in a number of engagements during the War of Independence (1991–1995). - As part of the large reorganization of the Croatian Armed Forces in the late 2000s the brigade was officially disbanded in March 2008, reduced to a battalion-sized unit stationed in Petrinja and incorporated into the Motorized Guard Brigade. The present-day battalion still uses the original brigade's nickname and emblem. - The brigade was formed on 15 May 1991[1] at the Trstenik barracks near Dugo Selo, where the brigade command was established and the brigade's 1st infantry battalion was formed. The brigade was initially composed of members who joined from the Interior Ministry's special operations units based at Lučko, Rakitje, Kumrovec, Vinica, Sisak and Karlovac in northern Croatia, as it was originally formed within the Interior Ministry's framework as part of the ZNG, which later evolved into the Croatian Ground Army. - The 2nd battalion was formed on 3 June 1991 in Sisak, and the 3rd battalion was formed on 21 June 1991 in Duga Resa. - The Thunders' first engagement was in early June 1991 on the Mladost Bridge in Zagreb when they stopped the advance of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) tanks in the initial stages of the Battle of the Barracks. Over the course of the War of Independence elements of the brigade saw action in Central Croatia and Banovina regions. The brigade also took part in the Siege of Dubrovnik (Operation Tiger) and in operations in the Posavina region in northern Bosnia. They were also actively involved in Operation Maslenica, Operation Flash, Operation Storm and Operation Una. - During the war, 203 members of the brigade were killed in action, and 5 were missing as of 2013.[1] - On 1 May 1996 the 81st Guards Battalion based in Virovitica was incorporated into the brigade and in 2003 the 2nd Guards Brigade was merged with the 7th ""Pumas"" Brigade. - -",2023-08-26 18:03:13 -Barbara McGuire (artist) - Wikipedia,"Barbara McGuire is an American artist who is recognized for her works in polymer clay, painting and jewelry design. She has written twelve books and numerous magazine articles on design and instruction including books on polymer clay, wire, beads, and children's art. Her books have been described as ""among the most articulate and thoughtful books on polymer clay out there.""[1] Her artwork incorporates a strong element of traditional design with innovative materials and artifacts.[2] - McGuire has appeared as a regular guest of The Carol Duvall Show[3] and has developed stamps, templates and molds for polymer clay. - Growing up in Traverse City, Michigan, Barbara McGuire was always fascinated by art as a child, and after taking art classes, sold her first oil painting at age 13.[1] Although she wanted to be a professional artist, she elected to follow her parents' advice and enter the restaurant business. She did, however, continue to create artwork as a hobby, and sell her work at local art shows. - After moving to San Francisco in 1980, she began working with polymer clay because it required less bulky supplies than other mediums. She also decided to pursue a career in artwork and took a job with craft distributor Stanislaus Imports.[1] On weekends, she continued to attend craft fairs where she sold her artwork. - During a craft fair, McGuire came to the realization that there was a market for pre-made polymer clay canes and decided to go into product development. She approached American Art Clay Company (AMACO) with her idea. The company liked the idea and decided to manufacture the canes and to have her write a how-to book for the product, titled Friendly Clay Millefiori Cane.[1] - Shortly thereafter, she became the creative director of Accent Import-Export, the importers of Fimo clay. In 1999, she published Foundations in Polymer Clay Design, a book which helped distinguish her as one of creative leaders in her field. The book has been described as ""a joy to look at""[4] and ""a must have for Polymer Clayers"".[5] In 2002, she released Creative Stamping in Polymer Clay which Polymer Clay Polyzine described as ""a great reference chart for people ... who are adventurous with materials but don't ... really understand all the possibilities out there.""[6] - McGuire has continued to release books at regular intervals, and to date, she has written twelve books, with a thirteenth—Faces In Clay—in progress. She has also written crafting articles for numerous magazines and other publications. - In addition to writing, McGuire has been an innovator in her field. She is the inventor of the ""Duo-Stamp"", a two-sided rubber stamp with an inverse and converse design that is popular with the stamping community.[1] Her ""Bead Prints"" have been described as ""amazingly artistic products of great quality and usefulness"".[7] - McGuire is currently affiliated with Polyform, who manufacture her new concept, ""Shapelets"", which are templates used for cropping and cutting shapes for jewelry embellishment and design. - McGuire's profile within the field has led to her appearance on several American crafting shows, including The Carol Duvall Show where she is a regular contributor. Topics covered during her appearances include both polymer clay crafts and beading/jewelry making. - McGuire describes her work as edgy with ""an element of surprise and non-conformity""[2] and says that her ""ultimate goal is to give children and adults the permission and acknowledgment to be creative"".[1] She currently resides in Mars Hill, NC, where she runs a studio at Mars Landing Gallery, a local art gallery where she also sells her work. She has two children. Her eldest son, Robert, currently serves in the US Army. -",2023-08-26 18:03:16 -Vic Mignogna - Wikipedia," - Victor Joseph ""Vic"" Mignogna (/mɪnˈjɒnə/) min-YO-nuh; born August 27, 1962)[1][2] is an American voice actor and musician known for his voice-over work in the English dubs of Japanese anime shows, such as Edward Elric from the Fullmetal Alchemist series, which earned him the American Anime Award for Best Actor in 2007. Other animation roles include Broly from the Dragon Ball films, Tamaki Suoh in Ouran High School Host Club, Fai D. Flowright in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, Dark in D.N.Angel, Kurz Weber in the Full Metal Panic! series, Zero and Ichiru Kiryu in the Vampire Knight series, Christopher Aonuma in Digimon Fusion, Nagato and Obito Uchiha in Naruto Shippuden, Ikkaku Madarame in Bleach, Rohan Kishibe in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable, Qrow Branwen in RWBY, and Matt Ishida in Digimon Adventure tri. In video games, he has voiced E-123 Omega in the Sonic the Hedgehog series and Junpei Iori from Persona 3. In live-action work, he has participated in several Star Trek fan productions, including Star Trek Continues, as Captain James T. Kirk. - In February 2019, Sony Pictures and Rooster Teeth ended their professional relationships with him in the wake of the MeToo movement, with allegations of sexual assault and harassment been made against Mignogna by users on Twitter and professionals in the voice acting industry. Mignogna unsuccessfully pursued legal cases against Funimation and other industry professionals in relation to the allegations and was ordered by a court to pay the defendants' legal fees. Mignogna lost his appeals from Funimation and their actors in 2022. - Mignogna was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, to Barb Myers.[3][4] He graduated from Liberty University with a degree in television and film production,[5][6] and taught English and speech at Trinity Christian Academy in Jacksonville, Florida.[7] Mignogna helped produce and arrange some of the songs on DC Talk's eponymous first album.[4][5][8] He was a summer seasonal officer with the Ocean City Police Department.[5] In 1990, Mignogna moved to Houston, Texas, where he was a film and video production instructor at The Art Institute of Houston.[8] In 1993, he was a contestant on American television talent show Star Search, on which he sang ""Worth Waiting For"".[9] - While working in video production with John Gremillion in Houston, Mignogna got involved in voice acting at ADV Films.[4][8] He made his debut as Vega in the video game-based anime series Street Fighter II V.[10][4][11][12][13] Mignogna started attending anime conventions, where he contacted Funimation and landed the voice role of Broly in the Dragon Ball Z movies, as well as Dragon Ball Super: Broly.[4][11] - In 2007, the American Anime Awards presented Mignogna with an award for Best Actor for his work on Fullmetal Alchemist.[14][15][16] He often gains attention for his role in Alchemist, and at one point attended between 15 and 25 conventions per year.[10][17] One of Mignogna's career goals was ""to record at all of the major places where dubbing is done"".[18] He said he was ""the first ADV voice actor to record at Funimation in Dallas and then I was the first to go to New York"".[18] He has also recorded in Los Angeles; he tried out for Bleach and received the part of Ikkaku Madarame.[19][20] In non-anime productions, he voiced Qrow Branwen in Rooster Teeth's web series RWBY.[21] - In addition to voice acting, Mignogna has been involved in production for music, sound, and video.[22][23] He has produced hundreds of jingles for commercials,[18] and he was a worship leader with Houston's First Baptist Church.[24][8] Mignogna has sung the U.S. national anthem at several Houston Astros baseball games.[8] As a musician, he has released several albums, some of which feature English cover versions of anime songs from shows including Funimation dub of One Piece and the Dragon Ball series. He also handled some of the ADR direction for the English dub of Claymore, in which he voices Rigaldo. - Mignogna has been involved with several fan productions, including Fullmetal Fantasy[18] and Star Trek: Phase II. In the latter series, he co-directed the episode ""Enemy: Starfleet"" and played the Andorian Captain. He directed ""KITUMBA"" and played Malkthon the Klingon, and was slated to direct the episode ""Mindsifter"".[10][13][25] In 2012, Mignogna worked with the Starship Farragut production group. He directed and starred as Captain James T. Kirk in their web series Star Trek Continues.[26][27][28][29] Mignogna has received good reviews for writing, directing, executive-producing, and starring in Star Trek Continues, especially for his portrayal of the character of Kirk, respectfully using William Shatner's unique mannerisms and cadence.[30][31] - On April 17, 2022, it was announced that he will play the main lead in the animated series based on the Humanimal NFT collection.[32][better source needed] - Mignogna was previously married to Seliece Womble from 1995 to 2002,[33] and was in a relationship with actress Michele Specht from 2006 to May 2018.[3] - In early 2019, following the English release of Dragon Ball Super: Broly, which prominently features Mignogna's vocal work, allegations of sexual harassment against him began to surface on Twitter via the MeToo movement, with some allegations dating back to when his career began in 1989.[1][34][35][36] Multiple accounts alleged that he kissed, groped, and made lewd homophobic comments to fans without their consent, some of whom were underage.[34][35][37] Voice actresses Monica Rial and Jamie Marchi tweeted their support for those speaking out, and alleged that he had also sexually harassed them.[1][36][38] - On January 22, 2019, Tammi Denbow, executive director of employee relations at Sony Pictures, opened an investigation based on reports made by Rial, two female fans, and a former Funimation employee, which concluded a week later with termination of his contract.[39] On February 5, Rooster Teeth severed their business relationship with him, and Funimation recast his role of the Executive in The Morose Mononokean.[40][41][42] Multiple anime conventions also removed him from their guest list.[37][43] In response to the controversy, Mignogna categorically denied any accusations of sexual harassment.[37][43] - Mignogna issued a statement of regret during his panel at Bak-Anime 2019 and again via Twitter on February 13, 2019.[44] Fans donated over $262,000 to a crowdfunding account opened by lawyer Nick Rekieta, who assisted Mignogna in acquiring Ty Beard as his attorney.[1][45] On February 20, Mignogna confirmed on Twitter that he was pursuing legal action,[46] and later filed a million-dollar lawsuit against Funimation, Rial, Marchi, and Ron Toye for defamation and tortious interference in the Tarrant County District Court.[47] Funimation filed a response on June 12, 2019, denying Mignogna's allegations.[48] - On June 26, Mignogna was deposed.[1] On July 1, 2019, Funimation filed an anti-SLAPP motion for Mignogna to dismiss his lawsuit.[49] Rial, Marchi, and Toye then filed anti-SLAPP motions on July 19,[50] with ten affidavits, including ones from Kara Edwards and Michele Specht,[7][1] as well as several allegations that he had also made unwanted advances towards Mari Iijima.[51] On July 30, another affidavit was submitted by the two fans from Funimation's investigation.[1] - On September 6, 2019, a judge dismissed seven of the twelve claims, ruling in the defendants' favor. Mignogna was required to pay all of Marchi's legal fees.[52][53] On October 4, 2019, the District Court announced the remaining claims had been dismissed.[54] Mignogna filed an appeal on October 24, with a hearing set for November 21.[55] The judge later ruled that Mignogna was required to pay for the defendants' attorney fees.[56] On August 18, 2022, the Texas Second Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of Mignogna's lawsuit and ruled that the District Court judge erred with regards to the lawyer's fees awarded to Rial and Toye, revising the initial amount up from $100,000 to $282,953.80 to account for additional costs.[57] Mignogna's appeal was denied in September 2022.[58] On November 14, 2022, Mignogna filed a petition for review in the Supreme Court of Texas, which was subsequently denied on December 30, 2022.[59][60] - Since then, his acting career has relatively stalled, though he remains active on social media and continues to attend fan conventions.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 18:03:20 -R. E. Dennett - Wikipedia," -Richard Edward Dennett was an English trader operating out of the Kongo (present day Republic of Congo) in the early 20th century who wrote a number of books that were influential on sociological and anthropological research on the cultures of West Africa. - - This biographical article about an English anthropologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:03:23 -Gmina Szamocin - Wikipedia,"Gmina Szamocin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Szamocin, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Chodzież and 72 km (45 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań. - The gmina covers an area of 125.46 square kilometres (48.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,292 (out of which the population of Szamocin amounts to 4,267, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,025). - Apart from the town of Szamocin, Gmina Szamocin contains the villages and settlements of Antoniny, Atanazyn, Borówki, Borowo, Heliodorowo, Jaktorówko, Jaktorowo, Józefowice, Józefowo, Józefy, Kosarzyn, Laskowo, Leśniczówka, Lipa, Lipia Góra, Mielimąka, Nadolnik, Nałęcza, Nowy Dwór, Nowy Młyn, Piłka, Raczyn, Śluza-Krostkowo, Sokolec, Strzelczyki, Swoboda, Szamoty and Weśrednik. - Gmina Szamocin is bordered by the gminas of Białośliwie, Chodzież, Gołańcz, Margonin, Miasteczko Krajeńskie and Wyrzysk. - -",2023-08-26 18:03:27 -Collezione Farnesina Experimenta - Wikipedia,"Collezione Farnesina Experimenta is a bilingual book (Italian and English) that assembles and catalogues the eighty works (reproduced in colour) of the Farnesina Experimenta Art Collection, housed in Palazzo della Farnesina. - Along with exhibitions of the collection that are promoted by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the aim of the volume is to valorize and make known contemporary Italian art, by supporting those generations of artists who made names for themselves from the nineties to the year 2000.[1] - In addition to being a catalogue of the works, the volume contains biographical entries of the artists and four critical essays: - which reveal how Italian contemporary art still shows a capacity to be reborn, to find a new meaning and new energies for facing the complexity of its own historical moment, by combining elements of the country’s prolific artistic history with the most evolved inclinations of contemporaneity.[2] - The Farnesina Experimenta Art Collection amplifies the Italian collection of art of Palazzo della Farnesina and represents the current state of art in Italy.[3] -The collection includes works that have been created using the different forms of expression that distinguish contemporary art: from video art to painting, from photography to digital art, from sculpture to drawing to installation. -The eighty works in the collection are by artists from all over Italy. - [4] -",2023-08-26 18:03:30 -The Heart of the Hills (1916 film) - Wikipedia,"The heart of The Hills Is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Richard ridgely AND starring Mabel trunnelle, conway tearle AND raymond mckee The Heart of the Hills is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Richard Ridgely and starring Mabel Trunnelle, Conway Tearle and Raymond McKee.[1] - - This article related to an American film of the 1910s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:03:34 -Burundi Billie Jean King Cup team - Wikipedia,"The Burundi Billie Jean King Cup team represents Burundi in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Fédération de Tennis du Burundi. They currently compete in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group III. - Burundi competed in its first Billie Jean King Cup in 2022. Their best result was finishing third in their Group III pool in 2022. - Here is the list of all match-ups of the Burundi participation in the Billie Jean King Cup in 2022. - - This article related to the Billie Jean King Cup is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about sports in Burundi is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:03:37 -Basti district - Wikipedia," - Basti district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India, and a part of Basti Division. Basti city is the district headquarters. - Basti was originally known as Vaishishthi.[3] The origin of the name Vaishishthi is attributed to the fact that this area was the ashram of Rishi (sage) Vashistha in ancient period. Rama with his younger brother Lakshmana had been here for some time with Rishi Vashistha. - The tract comprising the present district was remote and much of it was covered with forest. But gradually the area became inhabitable, for want of recorded and reliable history it cannot, with any degree of certainty, be said how the district came to be known by its present name on account of the original habitation (Basti) having been selected by the Kalhans Raja Udai Raj Singh as a seat of his Raj, an event which probably occurred in the 16th century. In 1801, Basti became the Tehsil headquarters and in 1865 it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established district. Raja Udai Raj Singh was the first ruler of Kalhans dynasty based at Basti.[4] - In 1801, the town Basti became a tehsil headquarter, and in 1865, it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established Basti district of Gorakhpur Commissionary.[5] Specifically, it happened on 6 May 1865.[6] - At first, the plan was to use the Rapti and Jamuwar rivers as the boundary between Basti and Gorakhpur districts, but this plan was abandoned.[6] Instead, the boundary cut across existing parganas, with a few areas east of the Jamuwar becoming part of Basti district, while the eastern parts of Maghar and Binayakpur parganas remained in Gorakhpur district.[6] New tehsils were established, and most of the original 8 parganas were split into two, for a new total of 13 parganas.[6] Subordinate to the parganas were 131 tappas, which were of significant administrative significance.[6] The resulting setup was the following: - Amorha Khas is a historical place situated at a distance of 41 km from the district headquarters. Its old name is Ambodha, and it was once a province (state) of Raja Zalim Singh. Raja Zalim Singh's Mahal is here, old wall of mahal is still there with the mark of a bullet used by the English. The famous temple Ramrekha Mandir is here. Ramrekha Temple is one of the most ancient Hindu Mandir of Lord Ram and Goddess Sita. Lord Shri Ram stayed here for one day during his journey of Janakpur-Ayodhya. Lord Shri Rama and Sita with Lakshmana journeyed towards Ayodhya by the road called Ram Janki Marg (present-day State Highway 72) near Chhawani.[7][8][9] - In the Great Revolt of 1857, about 250 martyrs of Amorha State were hanged by the British Government from peepal trees located at Chhawani.[10][7][8][9] - The district lies between the parallels of 26° 23' and 27° 30' North Latitude and 82° 17' and 83° 20' East longitude. Its maximum length from north to south is about 75 km. and breadth from east to west about 70 km. The district lies between newly created district Sant Kabir Nagar on the east and Gonda on the west on the south, the Ghaghra river near Amorha Khas previously known as Amorha Province or State of Raja Zalim Singh separates it from the Ayodhya and newly created district Ambedkar Nagar. On the north it is bounded by district Sidharth Nagar.[11][12][13] - The forest cover of the district has dwindled with increasing use of land for agriculture. There are areas with high prevalence of mango (Mangifera indica), mahua (Madhuca longifolia), sal (Shorea robusta), and bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) trees. Some of the wild animals of the district are the nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), antelok (Anelok cervicapra), pig (Sus scrofa), wolf (Canis lupus), jackal (Conis aureus), fox (Vulpes bengalensis), hare (Lepus ruficandatus), monkey (Macaca mulatta), wild cat (Felis bengalensis) and the porcupine (Hystric leucura). Several species of game birds are also seen, including the peafowl (Pavo cristatus), the black partridge (Frencolinus francolinus) and the gray partridge (Francalinus pondicervanus). A number of migratory water fowls visit the water bodies of the district in winter, such as the goose (Anser anser), common teal (Anas crecca), red-crested pochard (Netta rufina), white-eyed pochard (Aythya rufa) and the wigeon (Mareca penelope). The cobra (Naja naja), krait (Bungarus caeruleus), and rat-snake (Ptyas mucosus) are commonly found. The Indian crocodile or naka (Crocodylus palustris), and the ghariyal (Gavialis gangeticus) are also found in the river Ghaghra. The common fish species are rohu (Lebeo rohita), bhakur (Catla catla), nain (Cirrhina mrigala), parhin (Wallagonia attu), krunch (Labeo calbasu), and tengan (Mystus seenghala).[14] - According to the 2011 census, Basti district had a population of 2,464,464, of which only 5.6% lived in urban areas.[17] This ranked it the 178th most populous district in India. The district had a population density of 917 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,380/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 18.21%. Basti had a sex ratio of 963 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.22%. The child sex ratio of Basti was 922 females for every 1000 males. Scheduled Castes made up 20.85% of the population.[17] - Languages of Basti district (2011)[18] - At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 80.25% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 14.29% Awadhi, 3.21% Bhojpuri and 2.14% Urdu as their first language.[18] - The district Basti may be considered as the demarcation of the Awadhi and Bhojpuri. In cities and urban areas, due to increase in the educated population, Modern Standard Hindi is also spoken in daily conversations. The social media population for electoral district Basti, Uttar Pradesh is for Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram. The Twitter population for Basti is 53119. Total Facebook users of Basti are 554912. Total Instagram accounts in Basti are 456822. The YouTube accounts in Basti are 541813.[19] - During the mid to mid 1800s to the early 1900s many people from the district of Basti migrated through the Indian indenture system to Fiji, Mauritius and South Africa, as well as to Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and other Caribbean countries. Most of them stayed and carried their traditions in those then European colonies.[20] The former President of Guyana, Cheddi Jagan's parents were from Basti district.[21] In Trinidad, the name of the Indian majority village, Basta Hall, is derived from Basti.[22] - Basti town is the district headquarters of the district.[14] Basti district, a part of Basti division, is formed of four tehsils: Basti Sadar, Harraiya, Bhanpur and Rudhauli and 14 development blocks,[24] 139 Nyay Panchayats, two Parganas named Amorha and Nagar as well as 10 Gram Sabhas. The development blocks included are: - The district is noted for its cotton textiles and sugar industries. Cottage industries and small-scale industries including the manufacturing units of brassware, iron and carpentry goods, agricultural implements, bricks, agro-products, foot-wear, soaps, candles, and pottery are present here. Basti is also known for its bamboo, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus teritrornis), mango and shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) populations. Four sugar factories are housed in the district. Sugarcane, maize, paddy, pulses, wheat, barley, and potato are commonly cultivated. Most of the population depends for their livelihood on agricultural practices. The district is well-connected through NH 28 which reflects on its good economy. The city is well-connected through railways also. - In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Basti one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[25] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[25] City is also known for nationwide youth organisation National Association of Youth founded by Bhavesh Kumar Pandey and run from Basti.[26] The organization organizes Basti Mini Marathon every year since 2012. - Maryada Purushottam Shri Ram International Airport (Ayodhya) and Gorakhpur Airport are the nearby airports. - Basti railway station lies on the main line connecting Lucknow with Gorakhpur and places in Bihar and Assam in the east passes through the south of the district. The main line has 7 railway stations which are, from east to west, Munderwa,[27] Orwara, Basti, Govindnagar, Tinich, Gaur, and Babhnan within the district. - Basti is well connected with the nearby cities of Faizabad, Ayodhya, Gorakhpur and Gonda. - There is a daily Intercity express between Gorakhpur, Basti, Ayodhya, Gonda, and Lucknow. National Highway 2a part of the East West Corridor project of Government of India and NHAI,[28] also passes through Basti. - The district has a medical college, Autonomous State Medical College, and an engineering college, Rajkiya Engineering College in Government Polytechnic. The district follows a usual 10+2+3 pattern of education as elsewhere in India. Some notable schools and institutions of the district are : - Notable people from the district include: -  WikiMiniAtlas27°15′N 83°00′E / 27.250°N 83.000°E / 27.250; 83.000 -",2023-08-26 18:03:40 -Aljajahua - Wikipedia,"Aljajahua (possibly from Aymara allqa multicolored, q'awa little river, ditch, crevice, fissure, gap in the earth,[2][3] ""multicolored brook (or ravine)"") is a mountain in the Huanzo mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Condesuyos Province, Cayarani District. Aljajahua lies between the Pumaranra valley in the east and the Huañajahua valley (""dry brook"") in the west.[1] - - This Arequipa Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:03:43 -Discretionary Time - Wikipedia," - Discretionary Time: A New Measure of Freedom is a nonfiction book written by Robert E. Goodin, James Mahmud Rice, Antti Parpo and Lina Eriksson. It was published by Cambridge University Press in 2008. The book develops a new measure of temporal autonomy, which is the freedom to spend one's time as one pleases. Based on data from six countries – the United States, Australia, Germany, France, Sweden and Finland – the book then describes how temporal autonomy varies under different welfare, gender and household arrangements. - Goodin, Rice, Parpo and Eriksson were awarded the 2009 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research in recognition of the substantial and original contribution of Discretionary Time.[1][2][3] - The book focuses on ""discretionary time"" as a measure of ""temporal autonomy"" and on inequalities in ""discretionary time"" between and within different countries. The book blends analytical considerations with statistical research that focuses on six countries that embody different types of welfare and gender regimes. The United States and Australia represent liberal welfare regimes and individualist gender regimes. Germany and France represent corporatist welfare regimes and traditionalist gender regimes. Sweden and Finland represent social-democratic welfare regimes and female-friendly gender regimes.[4][5][6][7][8] - Time, the book claims, has a special combination of characteristics that renders it a particularly appropriate metric of egalitarian justice: it is inherently egalitarian, it is inherently scarce and it is a necessary input into any human activity. The book proposes inverting the typical practice of valuing time in terms of money and instead valuing money in terms of the time required to earn it.[4][9] - The book's arguments are built around the idea that the ability to choose how one spends one's time lies at the foundation of a notion of freedom.[8][9] According to the book:[10] - When we say that someone 'has more time' than someone else, we do not mean that she has literally a twenty-fifth hour in her day. Rather, we mean to say that she has fewer constraints and more choices in how she can choose to spend her time. She has more 'autonomous control' over her own time. 'Temporal autonomy' is a matter of having 'discretionary control' over your time. ""Discretionary time"" is the book's measure of temporal autonomy. The book argues that one antonym of ""autonomy"" is ""necessity"". Acting from necessity entails a lack of choice. Discretionary time is time that is not constrained by the necessities of life.[4][5][8][11][12][13] - A person's discretionary time is operationalised as the time that person has left over once he or she has done what is necessary in paid labour, unpaid household labour and personal care. The operationalisation of necessity here draws on conventions used in poverty research and is based on relative social standards rather than absolute ones. Necessary time in paid labour is determined by asking how much time a person needs to spend in income-producing activities to be just above the poverty line, defined in relative terms. Necessary time in unpaid household labour and personal care are determined in analogous ways.[4][5][6][8][9] - Statistical analysis reveals differences in average discretionary time across welfare states, genders and household situations. Average discretionary time ranges from 76 hours per week in France to 85 hours per week in Sweden, for example. In all the countries under analysis, men enjoy more discretionary time than women. Within each country, people's discretionary time depends mostly on whether they have a partner and children. On average people in couples without children have the most discretionary time, followed by couples with children and singles. Lone parents have the least discretionary time.[5][8][13] - The book highlights the substantial difference between discretionary time on the one hand and ""spare time"" (or ""free time"" or ""leisure"") on the other. Discretionary time is the time a person has left over after subtracting the time that person needs to spend in paid labour, unpaid household labour and personal care. In contrast, spare time is the time a person has left over after subtracting the time that person actually spends in these three types of activities.[5][8] The difference between discretionary time and spare time relates to the difference between necessary time and actual time in an activity. - Time pressure is one of the issues on which the book distinguishes itself from prior theoretical and empirical work. A conventional approach in time-use research is to state that people with less spare time are under more time pressure.[5][8] The book contrasts this approach with one that states that people with less discretionary time are under more time pressure. - The book draws attention to the difference between people who are time-pressured, as indicated by low amounts of discretionary time, and people who are time-pressured, as indicated by low amounts of spare time. On the one hand, there are people who do not have the time to meet the basic necessities of life. On the other hand, there are people who have low amounts of spare time because they choose to spend additional time in paid labour, unpaid household labour and personal care in order to experience more than the basic necessities of life.[8] - The book illustrates this distinction by comparing dual-earners without children and lone mothers (see chart). In terms of their spare time, dual-earners without children and lone mothers appear similar. Observing only spare time, it would seem that dual-earners without children are just as time-pressured as lone mothers. In terms of discretionary time, however, the two groups differ dramatically. Focusing on discretionary time, lone mothers are much more time-pressured than dual-earners without children. The time pressure experienced by lone mothers is much more the result of necessity and much less the result of choice.[14] - Subsequent parts of the book focus on three aspects of society that shape the temporal autonomy that people experience: welfare regimes, gender regimes and household regimes.[5][8] - Concerning welfare regimes, the book argues that:[15] - There is ... much that the state can do to ease or exacerbate time pressures that people would otherwise suffer. Of course, what the state transfers to people is not time itself, directly. Rather, it transfers money, goods and services, which have the effect of altering the amount of time that people would otherwise have to spend in pursuit of those things. The book estimates that people have more discretionary time in social-democratic Sweden and Finland than in the liberal United States and Australia and corporatist Germany and France.[13] Among other findings, the book shows that state intervention in the form of taxation, transfer payments and childcare subsidies has a negative effect on the discretionary time of people with children in the liberal United States and Australia. In contrast, state intervention has a positive effect on the discretionary time of people with children in social-democratic Sweden and Finland. In Germany state intervention has a negative effect on people with children (like the United States and Australia), while in France the effect is positive (like Sweden and Finland). In all the countries under analysis, state intervention has a negative effect on the discretionary time of people without children.[16] - On gender regimes, the book examines how gender regimes influence the temporal autonomy experienced by women and men. The book finds that in all the countries under analysis men enjoy more discretionary time than women. However, this inequality would be higher were it not for state intervention in the form of taxation, transfer payments and childcare subsidies.[5][8][13] - In relation to discretionary time there are also variations across gender regimes concerning which kinds of mother they assist. As expected, traditionalist Germany and France encourage married mothers to stay at home, female-friendly Sweden encourages married mothers into paid employment and individualist Australia is neutral with respect to the paid employment of married mothers. Contrary to expectations, Finland (like Australia) is neutral with respect to the paid employment of married mothers, while the United States (like Germany and France) encourages married mothers to stay at home. In contrast, all countries are supportive of lone mothers with one exception: Germany sanctions rather than supports lone mothers.[5][17] - The book also analyses how people's temporal autonomy is shaped by household regimes, meaning the ways in which paid labour and unpaid household labour are divided between adults within households. Four broad groups of household rules for dividing paid and unpaid household labour are identified: breadwinner rules, conventional dual-earner rules, egalitarian rules and withdrawal (or divorce) rules. The book shows that the rules that govern family life matter. This is particularly true for divorce and the rules under which divorces are governed (see chart).[4][5][8][18] - In recognition of the substantial and original contribution of Discretionary Time, Goodin, Rice, Parpo and Eriksson were awarded the 2009 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research.[1][2][3] In the prize laudation the prize jury described the book in the following terms:[3] - ... Discretionary Time shifts the emphasis of welfare state analysis from money to time in a highly original way. The book is not only a pleasure to read and a masterpiece in comparative secondary data analysis, it is also an eye-opener which generates empirically novel and conceptually innovative perspectives on welfare regimes, gender regimes and household regimes. In the Financial Times Stephen Cave described Discretionary Time as full of insights.[11] Writing in Feminist Economics Valeria Esquivel described Discretionary Time as ""... a carefully thought-out and crafted book with strong conceptual and methodological contributions indeed"".[5] Jennifer Whillans wrote in Time & Society that Discretionary Time ""... demonstrates originality in conceptualizing and theoretical grounding in relation to time poverty and welfare"",[8] while in the journal Managing Leisure Jonathan Long wrote that Discretionary Time ""... makes fascinating reading and invites further questions"".[13] - Michael Bittman wrote in Social Indicators Research that Discretionary Time is ""... built around a powerful central idea, namely that the ability to choose how you allocate your time lies at the core of a positive notion of freedom"" and that the book ""... provides an important improvement to the common practice of comparing populations by the amount of 'free time' that remains after deducting time actually allocated to paid work, unpaid work and personal care"".[9] Bittman was less convinced, however, by the detail of how necessary time is determined, particularly in relation to unpaid household labour and personal care.[9] - Writing in Economics & Philosophy Sebastiano Bavetta described Discretionary Time as ""... a carefully blended mixture of analytical considerations and statistical research; a blend which should be a model for whoever wishes to take social policy analysis seriously"".[4] Bavetta expressed some uneasiness, however, with the interpretation of autonomy contained in the book, which he argued fails to account for the psychological process of decision making.[4] Despite reservations about some parts of the book, Jason Ferrell wrote in Political Studies Review that Discretionary Time's ""... attempt to render the idea of autonomy more determinate by measuring the amount of time individuals control is a striking endeavour, and one that bears more than a cursory read"".[6] - Entrepreneur Magazine cited Discretionary Time in explaining that the popular phrase that someone ""has more time"" does not mean that they literally have an extra hour in the day. Instead, they explain that it means they in fact have more discretionary time.[19] - Cambridge University Press has published Discretionary Time as a hardback, a paperback and an e-book. The hardback (ISBN 978-0-521-88298-9) was published in February 2008.[20] The paperback (ISBN 978-0-521-70951-4) followed soon afterwards in March 2008.[20] The e-book (ISBN 978-0-511-61145-2; DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511611452) was published in October 2009.[20] - The front cover of Discretionary Time features New Man, a lithograph by El Lissitzky from the portfolio Victory over the Sun (1923). -",2023-08-26 18:03:47 -Holud Pakhir Dana - Wikipedia," - Holud Pakhir Dana (English: The Yellow Wings) is a 2013 Bengali film, directed by Kanoj Das and produced by Bidu Das under the banner of Dapro Film Production. The film features actors Dibyendu Mukherjee and Rimjhim Gupta in the lead roles. Surojit Chatterjee composed the music for this film. It released on 12 April 2013. - Riju is a doctor who was severely harmed when he was hit by a car. The car belonged to Saheli, who is also a doctor. Saheli then tried to nurse Riju so that he regained his health. She kept Riju at her residence for a period and as days passed, they fell in love. When Riju returned home, he discovered that his mother had died. He then went to Mathurapur when a doctor called him from there to inform him many villagers were ill due to consumption of spurious liquor. On the other hand, Saheli learned that she had cancer and went to the ""Painless Life Centre"" and stayed there. Riju tried to find out the whereabouts of Saheli one day since they had not been in touch for a long time. He landed up at the Centre one day and took Saheli back home as he wanted her to be by his side during her last days. She died a few days later.[1] - The soundtrack of Holud Pakhir Dana has been composed by Surojit Chatterjee.[2] The music release took place on 29 March 2013 at the South City Mall auditorium in the presence of All India Trinamool Congress M.P. Arup Biswas.[3] - Holud Pakhir Dana received mostly negative remarks from reviewers. Gomolo users rated it 2 out of 5 stars. Aditya Chakrabarty of Gomolo said, ""Films made by Kanoj Das have had much stronger lines and social messages in the past, but this film is an exception. This is one soppy tearjerker and neither the story nor the performances are strong to hold your attention.""[4] - ""I haven't heard the Cactus song. The film is based on a story by Bidu Das. Every colour has a different emotional connect and yellow is no different. It's also my heroine's favourite colour in the film."" - Director Kanoj Das about the controversy on the title [5] - Members of the Bengali band Cactus claimed that the title Holud Pakhir Dana was inspired from their popular number ""Holud Pakhi"" and complained that the film gave no credits to the band. - Band member Sidhu said, ""It's undoubtedly inspired from our track. Tomorrow, someone might come up with a title like Bhebe Dekhechho Ki and not give credit to ""Mohiner Ghoraguli"". We are not asking for royalty, but credit where it's due. In between, a film called Sudhu Tumi Elena had released. Everyone knows we also have a song by that name.""[5] - Drummer Baji said, """"Holud Pakhi"" is not just popular amongst the younger generation. Even those who do not follow music, also know about the song.""[5] -",2023-08-26 18:03:51 -Castle of Balsamão - Wikipedia,"The Castle of Balsamão (Portuguese: Castelo de Balsamão) is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Chacim, municipality of Macedo de Cavaleiros, in the Portuguese district of Bragança. - The first structure in this place consisted of an Iron Age fortified settlement, from which little remains.[1] - The colony was eventually occupied by the Romans.[1] - During the Middle Ages there was a small town on the site, probably preceded by the construction of a hermitage, attributed to the Order of Malta and over a mosque (or primitive chapel).[1] Legend suggests that the mountaintop was occupied by Moors who forced on local Christians a heavy tax, including the Tributo das donzelas (Tribute of the Damsels). This tax consisted of an obligation to brides within their domains to stay in the castle with the Emir.[1] One day, in the town of Castro, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Balsamão, after her wedding ceremony, a bride was abducted and taken to the castle. Her groom, son of the chief of the Cavaleiros das Esporas Douradas (Golden Spur Cavalry) from Alfândega, the inhabitants of Castro and surrounding lands, followed them to the mountaintop to challenge the Saracens to combat to liberate the bride.[1][2] The Moorish soldiers escaped and the Christians purified their mosque, transforming it into a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Bálsamo, which later evolved to Balsamão. The place where the Moors lost the battle was renamed Chacim (a plural past tense variant of slaughter), the villa of Castro became Castro Vicente, and Alfândega was changed due to the peoples act of faith (Portuguese: fé) to Alfândega da Fé.[1] - In 1212, the first historic reference to Monte Carrascal, during the reign of King D. Afonso II a castle already existed on the site.[1] - But, by the 17th century, the settlement was completely abandoned.[1] On 18 July 1731, a deed for the sale of ""a piece of ground with a fig tree, located on the estate of the Olgas, in the courtyard of the town within the curtain of Placido Rodrigues, in the locality of Olmos"", between António de São José (bearded hermit and ""president and assistant at the chapel of Nossa Senhora de Balsamão"") and Pedro de Mesquita and his wife for 14$400.[1] - On 2 March 1732, the lands of Monte do Caramouro were donated to the municipality of Chacim by the congregation of the Barbadinhos.[1] In the donation letter they referred to Moors living on the hilltop and a mountain ""with Impregnable fortress that still conserved its Walls"".[1] - The shelter at Balsamão was consecrated on 12 April 1746, construction alongside the primitive hermitage, by the abbey of Vinhas, Father Roque de Sousa Pimentel.[1] During the construction of the convent, the workers discovered Roman coins and bones.[1] - On 28 February 1758, Gaspar da Rocha Ferreira wrote in the Memórias Paroquiais of the parish, referring to a sanctuary with its seven chapels.[1] In addition, legend holds, that by tradition they offered its poor residents on every Monday after Easter, a cow or bull, which they determined by election.[1] The fortification at the time had some walls. When they performed public works in the local, workers found a necropolis with graves carved with inscriptions.[1] - With the extinction of the religious orders, in 1834, part of the courtyard was auctioned to the public and the castle passed into the hands of private property holders.[1] - The property owner in 1954, Dr. António Meneses Cordeiro and his daughter, Maria Leopoldina, and her husband, Dr. Acácio Vítor Ferreira, ceded the property to the Congregação de Padres Marianos da Imaculada Conceição (Congregational Marian Priests of the Immaculate Conception), who began to administer the locale.[1] By that time, the castle included the base of the towers, and various walls.[1] - The castle remains are located in a rural, isolated position, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the seat of the parish, almost at the top of Mount Balsamão, formerly Monte Carrascal, at 522 metres (1,713 ft) above sea level.[1] It was constructed partly over a rocky surface, adapted to the flanks of the terrain and restricted by the roadway.[1] The interior of the high fortification walls, is covered in pine and vegetation. At the top of the mountain is the Convent of Balsamão and along the flanks, the eight chapels of the Passos da Paixão de Cristo (Way of the Passion of Christ) that comprise the sanctuary and, immediately near the wall, the Capela dos Cajados (Chapel of Cajados) and cemetery.[1] The hilltop is supported by the Azibo River, to the south (a tributary of Sabor), crossed by the Ponte de Paradinha, and in the north, the Ribeira de Veiga.[1] - The medieval fortification, was constructed at the top of a mountain, and includes a subsystem of curvilinear walls constructed of masonry stone and integrated with rectangular corbels.[1] The castle was occupied since the Iron Age, with excellent natural defensive conditions, but the only remains on the site are the convent and seminary, that date from the 18th and 20th century.[1] - The walls and western corbel resulted from restoration work completed in the 20th century.[1] Located in the south flank, is the incomplete curvilinear wall of the castle with parapets was constructed in mixed masonry stone, while smooth stones are used to surface the parapets in the south. The interior does not include battlements, but may be crossed due to the unlevel surface of the terrain.[1] In the west is a rectangular corbel facing the exterior, that is relatively complete with terrace and simple crellations, accessible from a stone staircase addorsed to the interior wall. In the western limits the wall is interrupted and there are no visible indications of how the wall continued.[1] At the more elevated position, in the northeast, near the potable reservoir of the sanctuary, are other remains of the walls.[1] - Much of the landscape of Monte Balsamão is arranged with small gardens, various chapels, agricultural buildings, residences and other structures, including vestiges of ceramics.[1] In the south, is a convent complex, where the discovered fragments of ceramics dating to the Iron Age.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:03:55 -Serratifusus excelens - Wikipedia," - Serratifusus excelens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.[2] - Named after the Latin expression excelens (sic - should be excellens) (adjective), meaning ""high, exalted, lofty"". - The length of the shell attains 36.4 mm. - This marine species occurs off New Caledonia (depth range: 370 -405 m). - - This Buccinidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:03:59 -Lucia Casalini Torelli - Wikipedia,"Lucia Casalini Torelli (1677–1762) was an Italian painter, active in Bologna. The wife of painter Felice Torelli (and, through him, sister-in-law of violinist and composer Giuseppe Torelli), she was the mother of painter Stefano Torelli.[1] She was born in Bologna, where she trained under Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole. - Daughter of Antonio Casalini and Antonia Bandiera, she began studying painting with her cousin, Carlo Casalini. However at the age of thirteen she entered the atelier of the prominent Bolognese painter, Giovanni Gioseffo Dal Sole. Here she met her future husband, also a successful painter Felice Torelli, who was regularly sent by the master to the young girl's home to bring her drawings to copy. The two married in 1701, and soon opened their own studio with students. They had seven children, two of whom, Anna and Stefano, became artists. In 1706, Felice Torelli was one of the founders of the Accademia Clementina; Lucia was elected an honorary member in 1726, a few years after Rosalba Carriera became a member of the Academy. The active participation of Lucia and Felice in the Academy contributed to their artistic and social success in Bologna. - Casalini Torelli's works were mostly of sacred subjects, but she also specialized as a portrait painter, creating portraits of the prominent Bolognese families of the era. Among others, she painted various ecclesiastical portraits such as Cardinals Ruffo, Spinola [it], Doria [it; fr], Gozzadini. In Vite de' Pittori Bolognesi, non descritte nella Felsina Pittrice (1769), the author, Luigi Crespi makes note that:[2] - - Ma qual Dama, qual Cavaliere, non ha ella ritratto questa indefessa pittrice? - But what Lady, and what Lord, has this indefatigable artist not portrayed ? - The Emilian artist was widowed in 1748 and died in Bologna May 18, 1762, at the age of 85. -Many of her works are lost. The church of San Domenico, in Imola, conserves an altarpiece painted by her which depicts Saint Thomas Aquinas. -",2023-08-26 18:04:02 -Chris Howland - Wikipedia," - Chris Howland (30 July 1928 – 29 November 2013)[1] was a British radio and TV presenter.[2][3] For most of his career he worked in (Western) Germany, where he started a few years after World War II at BFN in Hamburg. He became a popular disc jockey and presenter also at German networks. He also was a prolific Schlager-singer[4] and starred in films. - Howland was born in London and brought up in Southern England and became a professional beekeeper.[5] - In 1948 he started working for the BFN in Germany.[6][7] - The British programmes were popular among German youths who would rather listen to British music than to the comparatively slow contemporary German music. So his popularity subsequently soon exceeded his actual target audience.[8] -Howland also got acquainted with the German language. In 1952, when he already spoke German fluently, he was hired by the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk broadcaster.[9] -Still, when he debuted six years later as a singer,[10] he did it in German and had two hits. But in 1959 he stopped doing radio shows and returned to Britain. - On British TV Howland had a show called Peoples and Places but he was not as popular as in Germany where the audiences loved his British accent.[11] -So after two years he continued his career in Germany.[12] -Here he got a show called Studio B,[13] which featured pop stars in a new way that included a lot of humour. The show was broadcast more than sixty times. Howland's next coup was a version of Candid Camera for German TV.[14] - From 1954, Howland acted in more than twenty films, including six European Karl May films. In 2007 he appeared in a parody on German Edgar Wallace feature films.[15] -He acted mainly in comedies which were carried out in a style quite like the British Carry On films. - Like the Dutch TV entertainer Rudi Carrell and American musician Bill Ramsey (who also appeared as guest in Howland's show ""Studio B""[16]), Howland made his accent his trademark.[17] - Until his death, Howland lived outside Cologne and worked again as a radio presenter[18] -and appeared occasionally as an actor or talker on TV. In 2009 he published his memoirs Yes, Sir.[19] The book was well received.[20] - Howland died on 29 November 2013.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:04:05 -Saint-Gelais - Wikipedia,"Saint-Gelais is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. - - This Deux-Sèvres geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:04:10 -Rihe - Wikipedia," - Rihe is a village in Mulshi taluka[1] of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.[2] - - - This article about a location in Pune district is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:04:14 -Sandia Resort and Casino - Wikipedia,"Sandia Resort & Casino is a casino and hotel complex on the Sandia Pueblo reservation near Albuquerque, New Mexico. It includes 110,000 sq ft (10,000 m2) of gaming space, an outdoor amphitheater, and a convention center.[1][2][3] - The casino has more than 1,750 slot machines. - The casino opened in 2001. In 2005, a 7-story hotel was added, also an 18-hole golf course and a spa.[4][5] - This article relating to the Indigenous peoples of North America is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article relating to a casino or gaming company is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:04:17 -Boeing E-6 Mercury - Wikipedia," - The Boeing E-6 Mercury (formerly Hermes) is an airborne command post and communications relay based on the Boeing 707-300. The original E-6A manufactured by Boeing's defense division entered service with the United States Navy in July 1989, replacing the EC-130Q. This platform, now modified to the E-6B standard, conveys instructions from the National Command Authority to fleet ballistic missile submarines (see communication with submarines), a mission known as TACAMO (""Take Charge And Move Out""). - The E-6B model deployed in October 1998 has the ability to remotely control Minuteman ICBMs using the Airborne Launch Control System. The E-6B replaced Air Force EC-135Cs in the Looking Glass role, providing command and control of U.S. nuclear forces should ground-based control become inoperable. With production lasting until 1991, the E-6 was the final new derivative of the Boeing 707 to be built.[1] - Like the E-3 Sentry Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, the E-6 is adapted from Boeing's 707-320 airliner. Rolled out at Boeing's Renton Factory in December 1986,[2] the first E-6 made its maiden flight in February 1987, when it was flown to nearby Boeing Field in south Seattle for fitting of mission avionics. It was delivered to the Navy for testing in July 1988. - The E-6A, which was initially named Hermes, entered service with squadron VQ-3 in August 1989. A second squadron, VQ-4, received its first E-6As in January 1991, allowing the EC-130Q to be phased out in June 1991. The E-6A was renamed Mercury in autumn 1991 by request of the Navy.[3] Sixteen E-6A planes were delivered from 1988 to 1992.[4] - The E-6B is an upgrade of the E-6A. It includes a battlestaff area and updated mission equipment. The flight deck systems were later replaced with an off-the-shelf 737 Next Generation cockpit. This greatly increases the situational awareness of the pilot and saves significant cost over the previous custom avionics package. The first E-6B was accepted in December 1997. All 16 E-6A aircraft were modified to the E-6B standard, with the final delivery taking place in December 2006.[5] - The E-6 cannot use the probe-and-drogue in-flight refueling method that most other US Navy aircraft use. It uses a flying boom receptacle on the upper-forward fuselage, making it, like the USN's Boeing P-8 Poseidon aircraft, reliant upon specific U.S. Air Force aircraft (KC-135 Stratotanker, KC-10 Extender, and KC-46 Pegasus) for in-flight refueling.[6] - Codenamed Looking Glass, it is United States Strategic Command's (USSTRATCOM) Airborne Command Post (ABNCP). It is designed to take over in case the Global Operations Center (GOC), located at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, is destroyed or incapable of communicating with strategic forces. The term ""Looking Glass"" is used because the ABNCP ""mirrors"" the abilities of the US Strategic Command GOC to control nuclear forces.[7] - The E-6 fleet is based at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, and operated by Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron 3 (VQ-3), VQ-4, and VQ-7.[8] - In 2021, one of the E-3D Sentry aircraft that had been in service with the Royal Air Force was purchased for conversion into a dedicated E-6 trainer. This was done as a means of extending the life of the operational fleet by reducing the need for it to be used for training missions.[9] - Data from Jane's all the world's aircraft, 1992–93[10] -The US Navy – Fact File: E-6B Mercury airborne command post[11] General characteristics - Performance - Avionics - -Related development - Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era - -Related lists -",2023-08-26 18:04:20 -Genoplesium calopterum - Wikipedia," - Genoplesium calopterum is a small terrestrial orchid endemic to New Caledonia. It was first formally described in 1876 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach who gave it the name Prasophyllum calopterum and published the description in the journal Linnaea - Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange.[2] In 1989 David Jones and Mark Clements changed the name to Genoplesium calopterum.[1] It grows on the island of Grande Terre.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:04:24 -A Night Full of Rain - Wikipedia,"A Night Full of Rain (Italian: La fine del mondo nel nostro solito letto in una notte piena di pioggia; literal English translation: The end of the world in our usual bed on a night full of rain) is a 1978 Italian American film directed by Lina Wertmüller and stars Candice Bergen and Giancarlo Giannini.[1] - Lina Wertmüller was nominated as best director at the 28th Berlin International Film Festival in 1978.[citation needed] - The plot concerns a romantic and heart-breaking relationship between a chauvinist Italian journalist and a feminist American photographer. - The film was shot in San Francisco and Rome and was the director's first film with original dialogue in the English language.[1] - Two good looking lads meet while the girl is in a situation in some small Italian village. As they escape in an abandoned cloister, the man try to seduce the lady with manipulation techniques. As he makes fun of her, she refuses herself to him. and almost raping her. Randomly meeting later in San Francisco, the guy hits again on her and manage to seduce her to get married with a child. A troubled marriage for a troubled pair. - - This 1970s drama film–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article related to an Italian film of the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:04:28 -Schoenus calceolus - Wikipedia," - Schoenus calceolus is a species of sedge endemic to limestone-derived soils in the Agulhas Plain region of South Africa.[1] - A unique diagnostic character of S. calceolus is the flat culm bases held together by a thin translucent sheath, which can sometimes be twisted.[1] - Schoenus calceolus has ovate spikelets that are similar in form to those of Schoenus prophyllus and Schoenus purpurascens.[1] Compared to the wider, non-channelled leaves of S. purpurascens, those of S. calceolus are channelled and more slender.[1] In addition, S. calceolus has less firm prophylls that are not shiny in contrast to the shiny and relatively long prophylls of S. prophyllus.[1] The prophyll mucros (awns) of S. prophyllus are relatively long (>3.0 mm) compared to the relatively short mucros (<2.4 mm) of S. calceolus.[1] - Schoenus prophyllus often grows in close proximity to S. calceolus, but the flattened culm base and straight leaves of the latter species differ from those of S. prophyllus, whose leaves curl with age.[1] - Similar to other sedges, plants in this group are very difficult to identify. It appears that part of this problem is caused by the tendency of the southern African Schoenus to form hybrids with each other.[2] It is not clear whether S. calceolus forms hybrids with other southern African Schoenus species.[1] - Flowering head(black scale bar represents 10 mm) - Spikelet(black scale bar represents 1 mm) - Flat culm bases of S. calceolus - Schoenus calceolus is a species in family Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae.[1] Other genera in tribe Schoeneae include Lepidosperma, Oreobolus, Costularia, Tetraria and Gahnia.[1][3][4] The most closely related species to S. calceolus are other southern African Schoenus species, specifically, species in the S. cuspidatus and allies group growing in close geographic proximity.[1] - Southern African Schoenus were once classified as Tetraria; however, based on molecular and morphological differences, the two groups are evolutionary distinct.[5] To ensure that this group of sedges is monophyletic (i.e. the genus only has closely related species), several species of Epischoenus and the southern African Tetraria were transferred into Schoenus.[5] In the field, the southern African Schoenus can be distinguished from Tetraria species by their lack of stem leaves and the absence of reticulate sheaths at the bases of the flowering stems.[5] - Schoenus calceolus is a species from the Agulhas Plain region of South Africa.[1] It is primarily a species of limestone-derived soils, growing at elevations below 150 m.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:04:32 -Gang of Four - Wikipedia,"The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a Maoist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The gang's leading figure was Jiang Qing (Mao Zedong's last wife). The other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.[1] - The Gang of Four controlled the power organs of the CCP through the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made by Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang, and which were the result of the Gang of Four's own planning. - Their fall did not amount to a rejection of the Cultural Revolution as such, but it was organized by the new leader, Premier Hua Guofeng, and others who had risen during that period. Significant repudiation of the entire process of change came later, with the return of Deng Xiaoping at the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party[2] and Hua's gradual loss of authority.[3] - The group was led by Jiang Qing, and consisted of three of her close associates, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen. Two other men who were already dead in 1976, Kang Sheng and Xie Fuzhi, were named as having been part of the ""Gang"". Chen Boda and Mao Yuanxin, the latter being Mao's nephew, were also considered some of the Gang's closer associates. - Most Western accounts consider that the actual leadership of the Cultural Revolution consisted of a wider group, referring predominantly to the members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group. Most prominent was Lin Biao, until his purported defection from China and death in a plane crash in 1971. Chen Boda is often classed as a member of Lin's faction rather than Jiang Qing's.[4] - At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, on November 10, 1965, Yao Wenyuan in one of his most famous pieces of writing published an article in Wenhuibao criticizing the play Hai Rui Dismissed from Office.[1] The article argued that the opera was actually a sympathetic portrayal of the reformist efforts of the military hero Peng Dehuai and thus an attack on Chairman Mao's Great Leap Forward. Mao subsequently purged Peng from power.[5][6] The article is cited as the spark that launched the Cultural Revolution.[7] - Jiang Qing staged revolutionary operas during the Cultural Revolution and met with the Red Guards.[8][9] - The removal of this group from power is sometimes considered to have marked the end of the Cultural Revolution, which had been launched by Mao in 1966 as part of his power struggle with leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen. Mao placed his wife Jiang Qing, a former film actress who before 1966 had not taken a public political role, in charge of the country's cultural apparatus. Zhang, Yao and Wang were party leaders in Shanghai who had played leading roles in securing that city for Mao during the Cultural Revolution. - Around the time of the death of Lin Biao in 1971, the Cultural Revolution began to lose momentum. The new commanders of the People's Liberation Army demanded that order be restored in light of the dangerous situation along the border with the Soviet Union (see Sino-Soviet split). Premier Zhou Enlai, who had accepted the Cultural Revolution, but never fully supported it, regained his authority, and used it to bring Deng Xiaoping back into the Party leadership at the 10th Party Congress in 1973. Liu Shaoqi had meanwhile died in prison in 1969. - Near the end of Mao's life, a power struggle occurred between the Gang of Four and the alliance of Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Enlai, and Ye Jianying.[10] - Zhou Enlai died in January 1976, and in the subsequent months of mourning, a power struggle occurred in the top echelons of the party. The reformist Deng was named acting premier, while the Gang of Four began using their newspapers to criticize Deng and to mobilize their urban militia groups. Much of the military and party security remained under the control of the party elders of the Central Committee, who generally took a cautious role in mediating between the reformist Deng and the radical Gang of Four. They agreed to the removal of Deng from office after the April Tiananmen Incident, but took steps to ensure that Deng and his allies would not be personally harmed in the process. - On September 9, Chairman Mao died. For the next few weeks the Gang of Four retained control over the government media, and many articles appeared on the theme of ""principles laid down"" (or ""established"") by Mao near the end of his life.[11][12] (The words ""principles laid down"" were themselves supposedly a quotation from Mao, but their canonical status was in dispute.[11]) Urban militia units commanded by supporters of the radical group were placed on a heightened state of readiness.[13][12] - Premier Hua Guofeng attacked the radicals' media line at a Politburo meeting in late September;[14] but Jiang Qing emphatically disagreed with Hua, and she insisted that she be named as the new party chairman.[14] The meeting ended inconclusively.[14] On October 4 the radical group warned, via an article in the Guangming Daily, that any revisionist who interfered with the established principles would ""come to no good end"".[12] - The radicals hoped that the key military leaders Wang Dongxing and Chen Xilian would support them, but instead, Hua won the Army over to his side. On 6 October 1976, Hua had the four leading radicals and a number of their lesser associates arrested. Han Suyin gave a detailed account of their overthrow: - An emergency session of the Politburo was to take place in the Great Hall of the People that evening. Their presence was required. Since Wang Dongxing had been their ally, they did not suspect him... As they passed through the swinging doors into the entrance lobby, they were apprehended and led off in handcuffs. A special 8341 unit then went to Madam Mao's residence at No. 17 Fisherman's Terrace and arrested her. That night Mao Yuanxin was arrested in Manchuria, and the propagandists of the Gang of Four in Peking University and in newspaper offices were taken into custody. All was done with quiet and efficiency. In Shanghai, the Gang's supporters received a message to come to Beijing ""for a meeting"". They came and were arrested. Thus, without shedding a drop of blood, the plans of the Gang of Four to wield supreme power were ended.[15] According to historian Immanuel C.Y. Hsü, the operation was not completely bloodless – Wang Hongwen killed two of the guards trying to capture him, and was wounded himself before being subdued.[16] - Beginning on 21 October, nationwide denunciations of the Gang began, which culminated in the December release of files related to the Gang's alleged crimes to the public. The party issued a denunciation of the Gang of Four as ""left in form, right in essence"".[17][18] Government media blamed the Gang of Four and Lin Biao for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution. Celebrations were prominent and not limited to the streets of Beijing and other major cities. During the nationwide ""Movement of Exposition, Criticism and Uncovering (揭批查运动)"" millions of formerly ""rebel faction (造反派)"" red guards were publicly criticized as they were thought to be related to the Gang of Four. - Immediately after the arrests, Premier Hua Guofeng, Marshal Ye Jianying, and economic czars Chen Yun and Li Xiannian formed the core of the next party leadership.[19] These four, together with the rehabilitated Deng Xiaoping and Wang Dongxing, were elected party Vice Chairmen at the August 1977 National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.[20] At the politburo level, the membership of all four living marshals, seven other generals and at least five others with close military ties reflected the deep concern for national stability. - In late 1980, the four deposed leaders were subjected to a trial by the Supreme People's Court of China with Jiang Hua presiding; in January, 1981, they were convicted of anti-party activities. During the trial, Jiang Qing in particular was extremely defiant, protesting loudly and bursting into tears at some points. She was the only member of the Gang of Four to argue on her behalf. The defence's argument was that she obeyed the orders of Chairman Mao Zedong at all times. Zhang Chunqiao refused to admit any wrongdoing. Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen expressed repentance and confessed their alleged crimes.[21] - The prosecution separated political errors from actual crimes. Among the latter were the usurpation of state power and party leadership; the persecution of some 750,000 people, 34,375 of whom died during the period 1966–1976.[22] The official records of the trial have not yet been released.[as of?][citation needed] - Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao received death sentences that were later commuted to life imprisonment, while Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan were given life and twenty years in prison, respectively. All members of the Gang of Four have since died; Jiang Qing committed suicide in 1991, Wang Hongwen died in 1992, and Yao Wenyuan and Zhang Chunqiao died in 2005, having been released from prison in 1996 and 1998, respectively. - Supporters of the Gang of Four, including Chen Boda and Mao Yuanxin, were also sentenced.[23][24] - In the struggle between Hua Guofeng's and Deng Xiaoping's followers, a new term emerged, pointing to Hua's four closest collaborators, Wang Dongxing, Wu De, Ji Dengkui and Chen Xilian.[25] In 1980, they were charged with ""grave errors"" in the struggle against the Gang of Four and demoted from the Political Bureau to mere Central Committee membership.[26] - In 2013, Mainland Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Joseph Zen and Jimmy Lai as ‘Hong Kong's ""Gang of Four""’ due to their alleged foreign connections.[27] - In 2016, the pro-Beijing newspaper Sing Pao Daily News started publishing editorials that criticized Tung Chee-hwa, Leung Chun-ying, Zhang Xiaoming and Jiang Zaizhong as another 'Hong Kong's Gang of Four'. The articles claim that although all of them appeared to be loyal to Beijing, they were actually betraying it and destabilizing Hong Kong for their personal interest, by igniting social and political conflicts, as well as through other mischievous means.[28] - In 2019, Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Jimmy Lai and Albert Ho as yet another 'Gang of Four of Hong Kong' due to their alleged collusion with foreign forces in relation to the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.[29][30] The phrase has in turn been denounced by the four individuals.[29] -",2023-08-26 18:04:35 -"Stanley Smith (rugby league, born c. 1910) - Wikipedia"," - Stanley ""Stan"" Smith (22 February 1910 – 3 June 1978) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s, and coached in the 1940s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England, Rugby League XIII and Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage No. 333) and Leeds as a wing, i.e. number 2 or 5,[1] and coached at club level for Featherstone Rovers.[1] - Stanley Smith worked as a foreman at a stone quarry in Tadcaster. - Smith started his career at Wakefield Trinity before he was transferred to Leeds during January 1930 for a record fee of £1,075,[5] (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £307,200 in 2014).[6] Smith played left wing, i.e. number 5, in Leeds' 2–8 defeat by Hunslet in the Championship Final during the 1937–38 season at Elland Road, Leeds on Saturday 30 April 1938.[7] - Smith retired from first class rugby in January 1940 having played for Leeds for 10 years.[8] He had a long-standing plan to retire from rugby so that he and his wife Hilda could focus on running their pub the Butchers Arms on Williams Street in Wakefield but the outbreak of WWII saw him joining the Army at the age of 30. Stan served in the REME seeing service throughout the North African and Italian campaigns and returning home in late 1945. - Stan Smith won caps for England while at Leeds in 1931 against Wales, in 1932 against Wales (2 matches), in 1934 against Australia, and France, in 1935 against France,[2] and won caps for Great Britain while at Wakefield Trinity in 1929 against Australia, while at Leeds in 1930 against Australia (2 matches), in 1932 against Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand (3 matches), and in 1933 against Australia (2 matches).[3] - Stan Smith played twice for an Rugby League XIII against France. Playing at left-wing on both occasions, the first was at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on 17 March 1934 when the English team won 32–16, this game was also the first international match played by the France national rugby league team.[9] The second was at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds just over a year later, on 6 May 1935 when the English side won 25–18.[10] - Stan Smith won cap(s) for Yorkshire while at Wakefield Trinity. - Stanley Smith played left wing, i.e. number 5, in Leeds' 14–8 victory over Huddersfield in the 1937–38 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1937–38 season at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 30 October 1937. -The record for the most tries in a Yorkshire County Cup Final is 4-tries, and is jointly held by; Stan Moorhouse, Alan Smith, and Stanley Smith. - Stan had family links to several well known rugby players, notably in the Batten and Metcalfe families. Stan's mother Selena and Billy Batten's wife Annie were sisters so Billy was Stan's uncle by marriage and Billy's rugby playing sons, Billy (Jr), Eric and Bob, and his grandson Ray were Stan's cousins. -Whilst a player at Trinity Stan became good friends with his teammate Jimmy Metcalfe the son of James Davis Metcalfe who played at full back for Trinity in the period 1897-1911. Jimmy (Jr) introduced Stan to his sister Hilda and the two were married in 1932. Jimmy's (Jr) son Donald Metcalfe, played for Trinity in the 1950s and was Stan's nephew by marriage.[citation needed] - During the late 1950/60s there was a rugby league footballer who played for Wakefield Trinity, and Bramley, who was also called Stanley ""Stan"" Smith. These Stanley ""Stan"" Smith's are clearly not the same person and they are not related. -",2023-08-26 18:04:39 -779 Naval Air Squadron - Wikipedia," - 779 Naval Air Squadron (779 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. - - The 779 Fleet Requirement unit was formed as the Gibraltar fleet requirement unit on 1 October 1941 with just two Skuas for target towing and coastal defence, later acquiring a small number of Swordfish as well as Defiants, Fulmars and Sea Hurricanes. Variety of aircraft later included Beaufighters IIs, while detachments saw service in Italy and North Africa, but two Swordfish remained in the squadron to the end of the war. - - This United Kingdom navy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:04:42 -Heino (surname) - Wikipedia,"Heino is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:04:46 -USS Ross (DD-563) - Wikipedia,"USS Ross (DD-563) was a U.S. Navy Fletcher class destroyer. Ross is the only ship in U.S. naval history to survive two underwater mine explosions. - David Ross was a lieutenant in the Continental Navy. He commanded the American private armed ship Belvedere (14 guns) at the end of the 18th century. While en route to London, on 23 December 1799, his ship was caught in a hurricane. Provisions, seven guns and a quantity of shot were thrown overboard to lighten ship. Nineteen days later, on 12 January 1800, Belvedere was overtaken by a French brig, whose captain demanded that the American haul down her flag. Ross's answer was a broadside. A two-hour engagement, within pistol shot, followed; and after the Frenchman had sheered off, Belvedere, with damage to its rigging, sails, and hull, continued on. - Ross was laid down on 7 September 1942 by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp., Seattle, Washington and launched on 10 September 1943, sponsored by Mrs. William J. Malone. She was commissioned on 21 February 1944, Commander Benjamin Coe commanding. - She completed shakedown off California in early May 1944 and on 5 May sailed for Pearl Harbor. On 29 May she sortied with Task Force 52 (TF 52) for Eniwetok, whence the fleet sailed for Saipan and the beginning of the Marianas Campaign. - Attached to the carrier support group for the invasion of Saipan, Ross arrived on station in the operating area to the east of the island on 14 June. Through the landings on the 15th, and until the 19th, she remained in that area providing screening and plane guard services for the carriers. On 19 June, she headed east with Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) to rendezvous with replacement aircraft from Eniwetok. On the 25th, the two ships rejoined the Saipan support force. Ross remained in the vicinity of Saipan and Tinian well into July, interrupting duty there only at the beginning of the month to escort another replacement aircraft run. - On 1 August, the destroyer returned to Eniwetok, then headed for the Solomons to rehearse the Palau operation. On 6 September she departed Purvis Bay in Task Group 32.5 (TG 32.5), the Western Fire Support Group. Off Peleliu by dawn on 12 September, Ross screened the heavier ships as they began bombarding the proposed landing beaches. On the morning of the 13th, she closed White and Orange beaches to provide fire support for the Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) clearing the approaches of obstacles and through that day and the next she alternated between that mission and screening duty. On the night of 14–15 September, she shelled Ngesebus Island and conducted patrols to intercept enemy boat traffic. Then, prior to the 08:30 landings, she fired on enemy observation posts in the assault area. After the troops hit the beaches, she shifted to call fire support and until the 20th rotated that duty with night patrols and picket duty. - On 20 August, Ross headed for Ulithi. Arriving the next day, she covered UDT operations on Asor, Falalop, and Sorlen. On the 23d, she covered the landings on Falalop and on the 24th she got underway to return to Peleliu. - En route Ross stopped in Kossol Roads to embark Major General Julian Smith, USMC, and his staff, whom she transported to Peleliu. Arriving on 26 August, she provided harassing fire, call fire, and illumination until the 29th, when she sailed for Manus to prepare for her last amphibious operation, the invasion of Leyte. - On 12 October, Ross departed the Admiralties. Five days later she arrived off Dinagat Island. On the morning of the 18th, she covered landings there, on Black Beach 2, then joined Task Unit 77.2.6 (77.2.6) to provide cover for that minesweeping and hydrography unit. Her duty, however, ended abruptly less than 15 hours later. - At 01:33 on 19 October, she struck a mine to port under the forward engineroom and fireroom; and began to list to port. At 01:55 she struck a second mine in the vicinity of the after engineroom. The list increased to 14°. - Chickasaw (ATF-83) and Preserver (ARS-8) closed to render assistance. - Soon after 02:10, Ross jettisoned six torpedoes, all port depth charges, and miscellaneous gear. Topside movable weights were shifted to starboard. The list began to decrease. At 03:15, her medical officer, the seriously injured, and the ship's funds were transferred to Chickasaw. At 03:43, she was taken in tow by the ATF and 4 hours later anchored off Homonhon Island. - Casualties from the mine explosions were three killed, 20 missing, nine injured. At 12:04 the anchorage was attacked by Japanese planes. Shrapnel injured two more from Ross' crew. - In the afternoon, the destroyer was towed to an anchorage south of Mariquitdaquit Island. At dawn on 20 October, that anchorage was attacked. - Salvage work on Ross began. Air attacks caused frequent interruptions, but the work continued. On 23 November, she was shifted to the Northern Transport Area anchorage and on the 24th, she was towed into San Pedro Bay and docked in floating drydock ARD-19. The frequent air raids continued, and on the 28th, Ross sustained further damage. A Nakajima Ki-44 ""Tojo"" crashed into the ARD, passed through the starboard wingwall, and caused gasoline-fed flames to encompass the dock basin deck. As firefighters went to work, another Japanese fighter began a strafing run, but was splashed by gunfire from Ross, the ARD and LST-556. - Repairs to Ross were delayed as the ARD's crew repaired the drydock, but on 13 December the destroyer was underway under tow, for Humboldt Bay. There, further repairs were made and her journey was continued. On 2 March 1945 she reached Mare Island. - Repairs complete, Ross moved down to San Diego at the end of June and in July she steamed for Pearl Harbor en route back to the Western Carolines. She arrived at Ulithi on 14 August, the day hostilities ended. - From 24 August to 4 September, Ross was on air-sea rescue duty as occupation troops were moved by air from Okinawa to Tokyo. On the 5th, she entered Tokyo Bay and into October remained on occupation duty. - Ross departed Japan for the United States on 21 October. On 9 November, she reported for inactivation at Seattle, and with the new year, she shifted to San Diego where she was decommissioned on 4 June 1946. - For the next 5 years Ross remained berthed with the Reserve Fleet at San Diego. In the summer of 1951 she was activated and on 27 October she was recommissioned. Into March 1952 she operated off southern California. On the 12th, she departed San Diego for the U.S. east coast,escorting the Carriers Ranger and Antietam for their conversion to slant deck carriers at her new homeport, Naval Station Norfolk|Norfolk, Va., on the 29th, in company with another destroyer . Local operations occupied the summer; and, in late summer, she moved to Philadelphia Navy Yard for overhaul/conversion with a tri-pod mainmast to support high-tech radar/countermeasures and beefed-up 3.50"" armament to counter missiles,replacing the 20/40mm AA armament. Also, acquiring another, smaller secondary tri-pod mast amidships, for AA firecontrol/countermeastures. In February 1953, she again steamed south, operated in the Caribbean into April, then returned to Norfolk to prepare for a summer cruise to Scotland and Norway. In August she was back in the Caribbean, and in September she returned to Norfolk. Further operations off the Atlantic seaboard and in the Caribbean followed, then in the spring of 1954 she began a cruise around the world. - Departing Norfolk 20 April, Ross transited the Panama Canal and crossed the Pacific. Arriving at Yokosuka, Japan on 28 May, she served with the 7th Fleet until the end of August, ranging from the Sea of Japan to the South China Sea. From 24 to 29 July she participated in operations off Indochina as residents of North Vietnam were allowed to move to South Vietnam. - On 31 August, Ross departed Sasebo, Japan. Then, steaming via Hong Kong, Singapore, Colombo, and the Suez Canal, she crossed the Mediterranean, and entered the Atlantic. On 28 October she reached Norfolk. - Coastal and Caribbean operations were resumed in May 1955, following an overhaul. In November, she headed east and, for the next 2½ months, operated with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean. Returning to Norfolk on 26 February 1956, she conducted local operations through the spring, then repeated her 1953 schedule—a northern European cruise followed by exercises in the Caribbean. - In 1957, the destroyer again deployed to the Mediterranean. Departing the east coast in late October, she arrived at Gibraltar at the end of the month and continued on. On 8 November she transited the Suez Canal and until mid-December operated in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean area. She then retransmitted the Canal, and remained with the 6th Fleet until 16 February 1958. - Ross returned to Norfolk 5 March 1959. During the summer, she conducted her last summer cruise to Northern Europe. Into the summer she remained on the east coast. In July she operated in the Key West-Guantanamo Bay area and in August she departed Norfolk for Beaumont, Tex., and inactivation. - In reserve from 10 August, Ross was decommissioned on 6 November 1959. The ship was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 1 December 1974. She was sunk as a target off Puerto Rico 26 January 1978. - Ross (DD-563) earned five battle stars during World War II. - -",2023-08-26 18:04:50 -Faqih Mahalleh - Wikipedia,"Faqih Mahalleh (Persian: فقيه محله, also Romanized as Faqīh Maḩalleh)[1] is a village in Goli Jan Rural District, in the Central District of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, the population was 240 people within 75 families.[2] - This Tonekabon County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:04:53 -North Cascades - Wikipedia,"The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada [1] as the Cascade Mountains.[2] The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers. - They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. - The U.S. section of the North Cascades and the adjoining Skagit Range in British Columbia are most notable for their dramatic scenery and challenging mountaineering, both resulting from their steep, rugged topography. While most of the peaks are under 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in elevation, the low valleys provide great local relief, often over 6,000 feet (1,800 m). The summits of the rest of the Canadian Cascades are not glaciated in the same way and feature rock ""horns"" rising from plateau-like uplands, with the Manning Park and Cathedral Park areas known for their extensive alpine meadows, as is also the case with the eastern flank of the US portion of the range. Portions of the US side of the range are protected as part of North Cascades National Park. - The large amount of precipitation, much of it in the form of snow, and the resulting glaciation, combine with the regional uplift to create a dramatic landscape in the western part of the range. Deep, U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers in Pleistocene time separate sharp ridges and peaks carved into steep shapes by more recent snow and ice. - The eastern and northernmost parts of the range are much more plateau-like in character, though in the case of the northernmost areas graven by deep valleys along the flank of the Fraser Canyon, notably that of the Anderson River. - The Fraser River and the adjoining lowland on its south bank form the northern and northwestern boundary of the range. On the east, the Okanogan River and the Columbia River bound the range in the United States, while the northeastern boundary of the range departs the Thompson via the Nicoamen River and runs via Lawless Creek, the Tulameen River and Copper Creek to the Similkameen River. On the west, the foothills of the range are separated by a narrow coastal plain from Puget Sound except along Chuckanut Drive between Bellingham and Mount Vernon, where they abut the Sound directly. - The southern boundary of the North Cascades is less definite. For the purposes of this article, it will be taken as U.S. Highway 2, running over Stevens Pass, or equivalently, the Skykomish River, Nason Creek, and the lower Wenatchee River. This roughly follows Beckey's geologic division in Cascade Alpine Guide[3] and the definition used by Peakbagger.com.[4] Sometimes the southern boundary is defined by Snoqualmie Pass and the approximate route of Interstate 90.[5] Sometimes the term ""North Cascades"" or ""northern Cascades"" is used for the entire range north of the Columbia River.[6] - Geologically, the rocks of the North Cascades extend south beyond Stevens Pass and west into the San Juan Islands. The significance of the geologic transitions to the Okanagan Highland to the east and the Interior Plateau and Coast Mountains to the north are less agreed upon.[7] - The climate in the North Cascades varies considerably by location and elevation. The western slope of the range is wet and cool, with 60 to 250 inches (1.5 to 6.4 m) of precipitation per year. This produces a temperate rain forest climate in the low valleys, which then grades into montane and alpine climates on mountain slopes and peaks. Summers are comparatively dry, with far less precipitation than in winter; sometimes the warmer eastern air and cooler western air meet at the Cascades during the summer months, and form thunderstorms. Sometimes, the storms move downwind into lowland cities.[8] The eastern slope lies in the rain shadow of the range, since prevailing winds and most moisture come from the west, and hence is significantly drier than the western side of the main divide, becoming semi-arid in the eastern lowlands.[9][10] As with most mountainous areas, precipitation increases dramatically with increasing elevation. As a result, there is a great deal of winter snow and glaciation in the high North Cascades. - The eastern slopes and mountain passes can receive significant snowfall. Cold Arctic air can flow south from British Columbia through the Okanogan River valley into the bowl-like basin east of the Cascades. Cold air damming causes this Arctic air to bank up along the eastern Cascade slopes, especially into the lower passes, such as Snoqualmie Pass and Stevens Pass. The milder, Pacific-influenced air moving east over the Cascades is often forced aloft by the cold air held in place in the passes due to cold air damming. As a result, the passes often receive more snow than higher areas in the Cascades. This effect makes the relatively low elevation ski resorts at Snoqualmie Pass (about 3,000 feet (910 m)) and Stevens Pass (about 4,000 feet (1,200 m)) possible.[11] - The following North Cascades peaks are notable for their height (absolute elevation): - (The above table uses a topographic prominence cutoff of 1,000 feet (300 m), in order to list only highly independent peaks.) - The following peaks are notable for their topographic prominence: - The following peaks are notable for their large, steep rise above local terrain. Peaks are listed in descending order by elevation. - The North Cascades are known for having many extremely tall glacial-fed waterfalls; the ten highest measured waterfalls are listed. - [13] -Many tall waterfalls occur where meltwater from mountain glaciers drop down a headwall, which are common occurrences in the North Cascades. Many waterfalls, despite their great height, are non-notable as they are not clearly visible and often have low volume. Seahpo Peak Falls, despite its great height at nearly 2,200 feet (670 m), is an example of one of these waterfalls. A few notable exceptions do occur; Sulphide Creek Falls occurs where meltwaters from two of the largest Mount Shuksan glaciers are forced through a narrow chute over a 2,183-foot (665 m) headwall at the head of Sulphide Valley. - The bulk of the North Cascades consists of ""deformed and metamorphosed, structurally complex pre-Tertiary rocks"".[14] These originated in diverse locations around the globe: the area is built of several (""perhaps ten or more"") different terranes of different ages and origins.[15] These terranes are separated by a series of ancient faults, the most significant being the Straight Creek Fault, which runs north–south from north of Yale, British Columbia, through Hope, Marblemount, Washington, and down to Kachess Lake near Snoqualmie Pass. There is evidence of significant strike-slip movement on this fault in the past, with similar rocks on either side of the fault separated by dozens of miles. This is thought to be related to northward tectonic movement of the West Coast relative to the rest of North America.[16] - Since about 35 million years ago, oceanic crust from the Pacific Ocean has been subducting under the continental margin, which has formed the current volcanoes as well as a number of igneous intrusions composed of diorite and gabbro.[16][17] The current uplift of the Cascade Range began around 8 million years ago.[18] - Rocks similar to those in the North Cascades continue north to the vicinity of Mount Meager massif in the Coast Mountains, where they abut the Stikinia Terrane of the Omineca-Intermontane Province that dominates the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. This geologic similarity between the North Cascades and Coast Mountains results in a fairly arbitrary boundary between the two. - In British Columbia, the western geologic boundary of the North Cascades is defined as the Fraser River as it follows the Straight Creek Fault, while in the United States the western boundary is defined by the Puget Lowlands in the west, although there are significant westward extensions of rocks similar in origin to those in the North Cascades found in the San Juan Islands.[7] - The eastern geologic boundary of the North Cascades may be marked by the Chewack-Pasayten Fault. This fault separates the easternmost portion of the North Cascades, the Methow Terrane, from the Quesnellia Terrane, one of the Omineca and Intermontane Belts. The fault also separates the Methow River valley, part of the Methow Terrane, from the Okanagan Range, part of the Quesnellia Terrane. The Columbia River Basalt Group bounds the North Cascades to the southeast. - The southern limit of what is geologically considered the ""North Cascades"" may variously be defined as being the southern limit of exposure of igneous and metamorphic terranes which is generally north of Snoqualmie Pass, Snoqualmie Pass itself, or Naches Pass at the White River Fault Zone.[7][19] - While alpine glaciers are a defining feature of the Cascade Range as a whole, this is especially true of the North Cascades. The stratovolcanoes (Mount Baker and Glacier Peak) are the most obviously glaciated peaks and have the largest glaciers, but many of the smaller, nonvolcanic peaks are glaciated as well. For example, the portion of the Cascades north of Snoqualmie Pass (roughly the North Cascades as defined in this article) These glaciers all retreated from 1900 to 1950. From 1950 to 1975 many but not all North Cascades glaciers advanced. Since 1975 retreat has become more rapid with all 107 glaciers monitored retreating by 1992. 2015 was an especially damaging year for Cascadian Glaciers, an estimated mass loss of five to ten percent, the single greatest loss in over 50 years.[20] There are approximately 700 glaciers in the range, though some have already disappeared.[21] Since a brief advancing period in the 1950s, most of these glaciers have been retreating. This is a serious concern to water managers in the region, as the glaciers (and the winter snowpack) form a large reservoir of water. As snow and ice melts in the summer, the resulting meltwater compensates for the seasonal decrease in precipitation. As glaciers retreat they will provide less summer runoff. - The Cascades north of Snoqualmie Pass have 756 glaciers covering 103 square miles (270 km2) of terrain. For comparison, the entire contiguous United States has about 1,100 glaciers in total, covering 205 square miles (530 km2).[22] - The North Cascades has a diversity of plant species.[23] It contains more than 1630 vascular plant species[24] There are eight distinct life zones that support thousands of plants separately and in their own way.[24] Traveling west to east through the range, one would intersect a number of distinct ecoregions, first getting higher and colder, then getting warmer, yet drier. Each of these component ecoregions can be described by either a tree indicator species, or by a lack of trees: Western hemlock, silver fir, subalpine mountain hemlock, Alpine tundra, subalpine fir, and grand fir/Douglas-fir.[25] - The range also has a rich diversity of animals, including bald eagles, wolves, grizzly bears, mountain lions and black bears.[23] The range is home to at least 75 species of mammals and 200 species of birds that either pass through or use the North Cascades for a breeding area. There are also 11 species of fish on the west side of the Cascades.[23] Examples of amphibian species occurring in the North Cascades include the western toad (Bufo boreas) and the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa).[26] - The biodiversity of the area is threatened by global climate change and invasive exotic plant species.[24] These exotic plants thrive by utilizing manmade structures such as roads and trails.[24] These invasive plants include the diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea).[27] - On the United States side of the border, early inhabitants of the North Cascades included the Nooksack, Skagit, and Sauk-Suiattle tribes on the west, and the Okanagan people on the eastern side, with the Nlaka'pamux people of what is now Canada claiming hunting territory in the heart of the range, south across the border into Washington. The tribes living and using the range on the Canadian side of the border are the Nlaka'pamux, Sto:lo and the Upper and Lower Similkameen subgroups of the Okanagan. A now-extinct group known as the Nicola Athapaskans also inhabited and hunted in the area now occupied by the Similkameen. Many current geographic names in the region are derived from native terms, either by transliteration or translation. Beckey notes that ""Many names were derived from Chinook Jargon, mostly applied by the United States Forest Service from 1910 to 1940....""[28] - Fur traders entered the area in the first half of the 19th century, coming from Canada and from Astoria on the Columbia River. One of the earliest was Alexander Ross of the North West Company, who crossed the range in the summer of 1814, probably via Cascade Pass.[29] The period of uncertainty surrounding the disputed Oregon Country gave way following partition along the 49th Parallel to a period of tentative U.S. Army exploration in tandem with violent subjugation of Indian tribes on the American side of the frontier in the second half of the century. With the partition, the Hudson's Bay Company was forced to seek an alternative to its older Brigade Trail via the Okanogan River and the construction of a new route over the northern spine of the Canadian Cascades from the area of Spuzzum into the valley of the Coldwater River to connect fort Langley on the lower Fraser with its northern posts in New Caledonia. The route was impracticable and was soon abandoned, though more southerly routes through what is now Manning Park laid the foundations for later routes such as the Dewdney Trail and the modern Crowsnest Highway via Allison Pass, and was later similar to a route via the Coquihalla Pass for its southern mainline. South of the boundary, reconnaissance for possible railroad routes (none of which were viable north of the one eventually put in over Stevens Pass, at the southern edge of the North Cascades) and various mining rushes. - Miners dominated the exploration and development of the range from the 1880s through the early 20th century. For example, mines around the boomtown of Monte Cristo, in the southwest portion of the North Cascades, produced ""between $1 and $2.7 million in silver and gold"".[30] The Holden Mine, on the east side of the main divide, produced 106,000 tons of copper and 600,000 ounces of gold.[31] Discovery of gold by American prospectors on the banks of the Thompson River at its confluence with the Nicoamen River, at the northern tip of the range, helped trigger the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858-1860 which in turn prompted the declaration of the Colony of British Columbia to affirm British possession of territories north of the 49th Parallel. The Fraser rush led to exploration of the Cascades to the east of the canyon and in the valley of the Similkameen River, with minor rushes in the area of Princeton, British Columbia in 1859 through the early 1860s and the creation of non-native towns (on top of much older native ones) at Boston Bar, Lytton and Hope, as well as Princeton. - Early settlers also arrived in the foothills of the North Cascades in the latter half of the 19th century, and utilized the range in a limited way as a source of timber and grazing land. However, the range is so rugged that this exploitation was less dramatic than in other more gentle landscapes. - Early recreational use of the range included expeditions by the local climbing clubs, The Mountaineers and The Mazamas. These groups did not fully explore the inner reaches of the range and ascend the most difficult peaks until the 1930s and 1940s. It was not until the 1970s, that most peaks were climbed in the most isolated areas, making it one of the last explored ranges in the contiguous United States.[citation needed] - The North Cascades are often referred as the ""American Alps"" by hikers, climbers and mountaineers because of the sea of steep, jagged peaks that span across the range. This range's rugged approaches and exceptional alpine terrain make it a premiere training ground for mountain climbers.[32] - Chief among the protected areas in Washington is North Cascades National Park, occupying much of the area between Mount Baker and the Cascade divide. Contiguous with the Park are Ross Lake National Recreation Area and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. Designated wilderness areas in the range include: - In British Columbia, protected areas include -",2023-08-26 18:04:58 -Ormeley Lodge - Wikipedia," - Ormeley Lodge is a Grade II* listed[1] early 18th-century Georgian house, set in 6 acres (2 ha) on the edge of Ham Common, near to Richmond Park in Ham, London. It is owned by Lady Annabel Goldsmith. - Bridget Cherry and Nikolaus Pevsner describe the house as ""exquisite"" and point out the ""[b]eautiful doorway with Corinthian pilasters and a frieze carved with cherubs' heads and palm leaves"" and the ""[o]utstandingly fine wrought-iron gatepiers, gates and railings"".[2] - The house, together with the gates and railings, has been Grade II* listed since 1950.[1] The grounds include a tennis court and swimming pool.[3] The gardens are occasionally open to the public as part of the National Gardens Scheme.[4] - The house was built on the site of a former cottage in about 1715 by Thomas Hammond, son of a wealthy landowner from Teddington. At about the same time John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll began establishing the neighbouring Sudbrook Lodge and estate. Charles Townshend, second husband to Caroline, one of Campbell's four daughters, bought Ormeley Lodge in 1763 as a country retreat and they lived there until 1767, moving to Sudbrook Lodge on the death of the Dowager Duchess of Argyll.[5][6] - A claim that the house was the honeymoon destination of George, Prince of Wales and Maria Fitzherbert on 15 December 1785, following their secret marriage, has not been substantiated.[5][7] - Between 1814 and 1819 the house was one of the homes of Sir John Sinclair, President of the Board of Agriculture and whose fourth daughter, Catherine Sinclair, was a notable writer of children's fiction.[5][7] In 1817 a footpath was built from the Petersham Road passing in front of the Lodge and leading to Ham Gate Lodge at the entrance to Richmond Park. Named Barnard's Footpath after its benefactor, it was known as Park Road by 1861 and was renamed Ham Gate Avenue in 1945.[8] Later the house was occupied by Lauchlan Mackinnon, a captain in the Royal Navy who wrote three books about his experiences. - The house was bought in 1893 by Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley and his wife, Ada, daughter of Frederick Tollemache, living there until Charles' death in 1922. Their youngest son Felix, who was killed in action in 1914 is commemorated on a memorial in nearby St Andrew's Church, Ham. Their second son Algernon died in 1915 and is buried at St Peter's Church, Petersham.[5] - The house's link to the Earls of Dysart, to whom Townshend, Sinclair and Hanbury-Tracy had all been connected by marriage, was broken in 1949 when the Tollemache family auctioned the Ham estates. Ormeley Lodge was purchased by antique dealer Ronald Lee. Lee held a loan exhibition entitled Masterpieces of British Art and Craftsmanship in the house in 1954, which was attended by The Queen Mother.[5][7] Later that year Lee sold the house to the Earl of Westmorland and in 1964 it was sold to Lord and Lady Howard de Walden.[5] - Ormeley Lodge was subsequently purchased by Sir James Goldsmith in the mid-1970s,[when?] and, with Lady Annabel Goldsmith, it became home for their family of five children, the elder three from Annabel's first marriage; Rupert, Robin and India, Jemima and Zac, and a sixth, Ben, being born after the move.[9][10] -",2023-08-26 18:05:03 -Maria Bogoslov - Wikipedia," - Maria Bogoslov (born 13 August 1970) is a Romanian table tennis player. She competed in the women's doubles event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.[1] - - This biographical article relating to a Romanian table tennis figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:06 -John Irvine (journalist) - Wikipedia," - John Irvine is a television news journalist, and the principal ITV News overseas journalist. - Irvine was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland.[1] After attending Campbell College, he went on to study journalism at the College of Business Studies, graduating in 1983. Before joining ITN in 1994, he worked for the Tyrone Constitution and UTV. - After two years as a producer, he was appointed as ITN's main Ireland Correspondent in 1996. During his time in Northern Ireland he covered the Shankill Road and Remembrance Day bombs. - In 2001 Irvine moved to the Middle East, where he was based in Jerusalem and covered the Israeli Army's occupation of Ramallah. From there he moved to Iraq to cover the 2003 Invasion. It is for this coverage that he is most well known, broadcasting nightly reports for ITV News from Baghdad during the intense aerial bombardment. Irvine won the Royal Television Society Journalist of the Year award in 2003 for his coverage of the invasion. He was the first foreign correspondent to greet the arriving US Army.[2] - Following the war, he transferred to Bangkok, where he was ITV's Asia Correspondent. He was then appointed ITN's Washington Correspondent and lived in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two children. - On 26 December 2004 Irvine was holidaying on Koh Yao island in Phuket with his family when the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake hit. Although unhurt, Irvine, along with his wife, Libby, and their two young children, Elizabeth and Peter, were washed 50 m inshore by the tsunami.[3] - In January 2010 he reported from Haiti immediately after the horrific earthquake that levelled Port-au-Prince with a huge loss of life. He was one of a number of reporters rotated by ITV news. In the same year he reported from Iceland covering the story of the volcanic ash cloud. He is currently ITN's International correspondent covering stories from Latin America and Africa. -",2023-08-26 18:05:09 -Centre d'Art Santa Mònica - Wikipedia,"Centre d'Art Santa Mònica (CASM), more commonly abbreviated as Arts Santa Mònica, is a public venue in Barcelona, (Catalonia) opened in 1988, for exhibiting contemporary art. It is located in the Raval side of Rambla de Santa Mònica (Ciutat Vella district). It hosts a number of exhibitions of contemporary Spanish and international artists every year. Entrance is free. - The building that hosts CASM is a 1626 Renaissance convent that became a monument of national interest in 1984. -  WikiMiniAtlas41°22′38″N 2°10′34″E / 41.37722°N 2.17611°E / 41.37722; 2.17611 - - - This article about a museum in Catalonia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:13 -Bemis Omaha Bag Company Building - Wikipedia,"The Bemis Bag Company Building is a historic building located in downtown Omaha, Nebraska. Built in 1887 in a commercial style, the building was designed by the prolific Omaha architecture firm of Mendelssohn and Lawrie.[2] It was designated an Omaha Landmark on September 12, 1978, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1985. In addition to its own listing on the NRHP, the Building is also included in the Warehouses in Omaha Multiple Property Submission. - The Bemis Company was a national leader in the manufacturing and sale of bags and sacks for flour, grain, and other commodities. It had warehouses and manufacturing facilities in several cities across the United States. This building cost about $40,000 to build. -",2023-08-26 18:05:17 -Gailenga - Wikipedia," - Gailenga was the name of two related peoples and kingdoms found in medieval Ireland in Brega and Connacht. - Along with the Luighne, Delbhna, Saitne and Ciannachta, the Gailenga claimed descent from Tadc mac Cein mac Ailill Aulom. Francis John Byrne, in agreement with Eoin MacNeill, believes that ""they were vassal tribes of fighting men whom the Connachta and Ui Neill ... planted on the lands they conquered."" (IKHK, p. 69) While Byrne and MacNeill believed they originated in Connacht, recent research on the derivation of the term Connachta would indicate that they originated within Brega, and were transplanted west across the Shannon by the Connachta. - A genealogy, cited by Geoffrey Keating, states: ""Tadhg son of Cian, son of Oilill Olom, had two sons, namely, Connla and Cormac Gaileang. From Iomchaidh son of Connla comes O Cearbhaill, and from Fionnachta son of Connla comes O Meachair. From Cormac Gaileang son of Tadhg, son of Cian, comes O Eadhra and O Gadhra and O Conchubhair Ciannachta. The following are the territories they acquired, namely: Gaileanga, east and west; Ciannachta, south and north; Luighne, east and west."" - Rawlinson B 502 or Rawlinson B 512 contains the following genealogy: - Léocán m. Laidgneáin m. Máeláin m. Éicnich m. Dúnchada m. Cináeda m. Léocáin m. Donngaile m. Conchobair m. Moínaich m. Máel Mórda m. Adamra m. Dechraich m. Dergscáil m. Leae nó oe m. Cormaicc [Gaileang] m. Taidg m. Céin m. Ailella Auluimm. - Byrne goes to say that the Gailenga and Luigni were closely associated as neighbours and allies in Connacht, ""situated south of the Ox Mountains they formed a large block between the northern Ui Fiachrach and the Ui Briuin. They themselves dominated smaller tribes, and have some claim to be considered an over-kingdom, as recognised in the twelfth century when their lands were absorbed into the diocese of Achonry. Their ruling families of O'Gara and O'Hara remained prominent well into the seventeenth century. The baronies of Gallen in Mayo and Leyney in Sligo, along with Corrand and Coolavin in the Curlew Mountains, lloming over the fertile plain of Moylurg, into which the Ui Briuin Ai were to expand, were crowded with small tribes, some of whom are intimately connected with the origin legends of the Connachta."" (p.233) - Septs of the Gailenga Móra and Brega adopted the surnames Ó Lóthcháin, Ó hAonghusa, and Mac Maoláin. - All references taken from the Annals of the Four Masters, unless otherwise stated. -",2023-08-26 18:05:21 -Resting position - Wikipedia,"A resting position or rest position is a default human position or pose assumed (typically deliberately) when a person is not engaged in an activity that demands some other pose, or between poses. - Common resting positions of the body include kneeling, leaning, lying, sitting, and squatting. In microgravity, the relaxed human body naturally assumes neutral body posture.[1] - A number of disciplines specify particular resting positions, with various purposes. - Ballet incorporates several resting poses, including a neutral pose described by Cesare Negri and Jacob de Gheyn II with the feet at 45 degrees, back strait, and chin erect.[2] Neoclassical ballet includes a rest or ""preparatory"" position called ""B plus"" (possibly named for George Balanchine), also called attitude a terre, in which the standing leg is straight, and the back leg curved with the toe pointed.[3] - Military parade discipline includes standing rest positions, generally assumed following a command of ""At ease"", ""Stand easy"", or ""Relax"".[4][5] - Some forms of yoga incorporate the Shavasana or ""Corpse Pose"", a rest position used for wakeful relaxation and meditation, often at the end of a session.[6] - Gun safety rules generally specify that the trigger finger should not rest on the trigger when not firing, but alongside the trigger guard.[7] - In various sign languages, rest positions may be used to convey grammatical meaning.[8] - In touch typing, the home row is a rest position for the hands, placing all the standard keys within easy reach.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:05:24 -"Eastside, Flint - Wikipedia","Eastside, sometimes known as the State Streets, is a large neighborhood in Flint, Michigan. It is not to be confused with East Flint in which it resides. The neighborhood is bounded on the west by University Park and Buick City, the north by the Northeast Side, the east by Thrift City, and the south by East Village.[1] The neighborhood is anchored on the north and south by two large parks, Whaley and Kearsley, and is also the site of Washington and Williams Elementary Schools, and formerly Homedale Elementary. - The most commonly given boundaries, established by the Olde Eastside Neighbors,[1] are the Flint River to the west, Dort Highway to the east, Whaley Park to the north, and Robert T. Longway to the south. ""State Streets"" is drawn from the name of twenty streets that bisect the center of the neighborhood from north to south. - Since 1904, the Eastside has been located adjacent to General Motors North Flint facilities, including Buick City. While subdivisions such as Civic Park and The East Village were originally designed as ""bedroom neighborhoods"" at some distance from the factories, the Eastside was built as a lower-income community from the beginning. This is demonstrated by the housing stock which consists almost strictly of wood-frame bungalows. Additionally, the neighborhood has been isolated from the rest of the city by the Flint River and, later, I-475 and Delphi East. Even in Flint's halcyon decades of the 1940s and 1950s, the Eastside was not considered a prosperous neighborhood. - Problems magnified with the deindustrialization of General Motors beginning in the early 1980s. The Eastside did not suffer from the rapid white-flight experienced across the river. At the same time, a large portion of the original population was displaced by southern migrants, and the neighborhood has gradually diversified. - While the Eastside is unquestionably Flint's most racially and ethnically diverse neighborhood,[2] it has been continually plagued by gang-related violence and racial tension. Today, the Eastside is one of Flint's most troubled neighborhoods in terms of violent crime. Due in large part to these problems, and the affordability of housing stock, the Eastside is one of the few neighborhoods in Flint where the majority of residents are not landowners. Mass property acquisitions have led to the concentration of residences in the hands of a few landlords. This, combined with infrastructural degradation and the decline of Flint as a whole, have reduced property values to new lows. - There are some assets in the Eastside working against these prevailing trends. In particular, Kearsley Park has been recently redesigned and renovated and has become a stabilizing influence on the neighborhood. The diversity of the Eastside, essentially unprecedented in Flint, has had its most visible impact on Davison Road, as seen by such businesses as Luigi's Restaurant and the Flint Judo Club. - While its boundaries may be the Flint River to the west and Dort Highway to the east, the Eastside has Franklin Ave. as its main north-south artery and Davison Road as its main east-west artery. Along these roads certain well established businesses, with long histories of community involvement, have contributed to the general stability of the area. However, on Davison Road, two such businesses have closed their doors within the last few years. Brown Funeral Home closed in 2007 and Angelos Coney Island - a restaurant famous in Flint, and, in business at that location since 1949 - closed permanently in December 2018. In an interview on Michigan Public Radio the owner of Angelos Coney Island stated that the restaurant had seen declining patronage over the last few years and suggested that he believed this was a consequence of Flint's dwindling population, the city's economic malaise, concerns over water quality, and people simply being afraid to come to the Eastside. While Angelos Coney Island was a legendary eatery in the Flint area, its property had been the site of numerous assaults and murders over the last twenty years. -",2023-08-26 18:05:27 -Deserters Island - Wikipedia," -Deserters Island is an island in the Deserters Group archipelago in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Mahpahkum Indian Reserve No. 4 is at its northwest end.[1] - Its name refers to the crew of the HBC vessel Norman Morrison who deserted their vessel and were killed there by natives sent to find and capture them.[2] Wishart Island in this group, and the Wishart Peninsula on Broughton Island, are named for James Wishart, one of the deserters. A group of rocks in the middle of the strait to the northeast of the Deserters Group is named for A. Willoughby, another member of the group. -  WikiMiniAtlas50°52′34″N 127°28′10″W / 50.87611°N 127.46944°W / 50.87611; -127.46944 (Deserters Island) - - This article about a location on the Coast of British Columbia, Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:31 -Ratlam–Laxmibai Nagar DEMU - Wikipedia," - Laxmibai Nagar–Ratlam DEMU is a passenger train of the Indian Railways, which runs between Laxmibai Nagar Junction railway station and Ratlam Junction railway station, both within Madhya Pradesh.[1][2][3][4][5] - The train goes via Fatehabad Chandrawatiganj Junction. The important halts of the train are: - The train runs with an average speed of 44 km/h and completes 115 km in 2 hrs 35 mim. The train runs on a daily basis. - - This Indian rail transport related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:34 -Remora - Wikipedia," - Echeneididae - The remora (/ˈrɛmərə/), sometimes called suckerfish, is any of a family (Echeneidae) of ray-finned fish in the order Carangiformes.[4] Depending on species, they grow to 30–110 cm (12–43 in) long. Their distinctive first dorsal fins take the form of a modified oval, sucker-like organ with slat-like structures that open and close to create suction and take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals.[5] The disk is made up of stout, flexible membranes that can be raised and lowered to generate suction.[6] By sliding backward, the remora can increase the suction, or it can release itself by swimming forward. Remoras sometimes attach to small boats, and have been observed attaching to divers as well. They swim well on their own, with a sinuous, or curved, motion. - Remora front dorsal fins have evolved to enable them to adhere by suction to smooth surfaces, and they spend most of their lives clinging to a host animal such as a whale, turtle, shark or ray. It is probably a mutualistic arrangement as the remora can move around on the host, removing ectoparasites and loose flakes of skin, while benefiting from the protection provided by the host and the constant flow of water across its gills.[7] Although it was initially believed that remoras fed off particulate matter from the host's meals, this has been shown to be false; in reality, their diets are composed primarily of host feces.[8] - Remoras are tropical open-ocean dwellers, but are occasionally found in temperate or coastal waters if they have attached to large fish that have wandered into these areas. In the mid-Atlantic Ocean, spawning usually takes place in June and July; in the Mediterranean Sea, it occurs in August and September. The sucking disc begins to show when the young fish are about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. When the remora reaches about 3 cm (1.2 in), the disc is fully formed and the remora can then attach to other animals. The remora's lower jaw projects beyond the upper, and the animal lacks a swim bladder.[9] - Some remoras associate with specific host species. They are commonly found attached to sharks, manta rays, whales, turtles, and dugongs, hence the common names ""sharksucker"" and ""whalesucker"". Smaller remoras also fasten onto fish such as tuna and swordfish, and some of the smallest remoras travel in the mouths or gills of large manta rays, ocean sunfish, swordfish and sailfish. - The relationship between a remora and its host is most often taken to be one of commensalism, specifically phoresy. - Research into the physiology of the remora has been of significant benefit to the understanding of ventilation costs in fish. - Remoras, like many other fishes, have two different modes of ventilation. Ram ventilation[10] is the process in which at higher speeds, the remora uses the force of the water moving past it to create movement of fluid in the gills. Alternatively, at lower speeds the remora will use a form of active ventilation,[10] in which the fish actively moves fluid through its gills. In order to use active ventilation, a fish must actively use energy to move the fluid; however, determining this energy cost is normally complicated due to the movement of the fish when using either method. As a result, the remora has proved invaluable in finding this cost difference (since they will stick to a shark or tube, and hence remain stationary despite the movement or lack thereof of water). Experimental data from studies on remora found that the associated cost for active ventilation created a 3.7–5.1% increased energy consumption in order to maintain the same quantity of fluid flow the fish obtained by using ram ventilation.[11] - Other research into the remora's physiology came about as a result of studies across multiple taxa, or using the remora as an out-group for certain evolutionary studies. Concerning the latter case, remoras were used as an outgroup when investigating tetrodotoxin resistance in remoras, pufferfish, and related species, finding remoras (specifically Echeneis naucrates) had a resistance of 6.1–5.5×10−8 M.[12] - Some cultures use remoras to catch turtles. A cord or rope is fastened to the remora's tail, and when a turtle is sighted, the fish is released from the boat; it usually heads directly for the turtle and fastens itself to the turtle's shell, and then both remora and turtle are hauled in. Smaller turtles can be pulled completely into the boat by this method, while larger ones are hauled within harpooning range. This practice has been reported throughout the Indian Ocean, especially from eastern Africa near Zanzibar and Mozambique,[13] and from northern Australia near Cape York and Torres Strait.[14][15] - Similar reports come from Japan and from the Americas. Some of the first records of the ""fishing fish"" in the Western literature come from the accounts of the second voyage of Christopher Columbus. However, Leo Wiener considers the Columbus accounts to be apocryphal: what was taken for accounts of the Americas may have been, in fact, notes Columbus derived from accounts of the East Indies, his desired destination.[16] - In ancient times, the remora was believed to stop a ship from sailing. In Latin, remora means ""delay"", while the genus name Echeneis comes from Greek ἔχειν, echein (""to hold"") and ναῦς, naus (""a ship""). In a notable account by Pliny the Elder, the remora is blamed for the defeat of Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium and, indirectly, for the death of Caligula.[17] A modern version of the story is given by Jorge Luis Borges in Book of Imaginary Beings (1957). - Live sharksucker, Echeneis naucrates - Common remora, Remora remora - Nurse shark with remoras attending -",2023-08-26 18:05:37 -Victor Kovalenko - Wikipedia," -Victor Kovalenko OAM (Ukrainian: Віктор Коваленко; born 5 August 1950) is Ukrainian sailor & coach, now the head coach of the Australian Olympic Sailing Team. Referred as ""The Medal Maker,"" Kovalenko has coached men and women sailors to 11 medals in many Olympic Games, beginning in 1988. Seven of those medals are Gold.[1][2][3] - Kovalenko was born in Dnipro, Ukraine, on 5 August 1950.[4] He learned to sail at the local ""Meteor Club"" when he was 12 years old. He became a member of USSR National sailing team in 1973, sailing Flying Dutchmen and Dragons. In 1974 he won the national Flying Dutchman championship with Valery Maydan. That year he put racing aside to complete his education at the Nikolaev State Pedagogical Institute[3] where he graduated with majors in Sport and Sport Science.[4] He began sailing 470s while at Nikolaev. He considers that 16-foot Olympic class dinghy the most difficult and most satisfying boat to sail. (Victor was USSR 470 Champion in 1981 with Michael Kudrjavtsev[citation needed]). His nickname was Flint. - In 1978, Kovalenko met his wife, Tatiana Savenkova. A track athlete who ran the 400 meters, Miss Kovalenko was a coach before becoming an elementary school teacher. They are parents of one son, Vladimir, and have one grand daughter.[4] - Kovalenko's competitive career ended in 1984 when USSR boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics.[4] After his team was disbanded, he turned part-time coaching into a full-time career.[citation needed] - In 2017, the book 'Medal Maker' written by Roger Vaughan on the Kovalenko's life and sailing career was published.[4] - A film about Kovalenko based on Roger Vaughn's biographical book about him of the same name ""Launch of ‘The Medal Maker’ - The story of Victor Kovalenko"" is currently being shot in different parts of the world.[5][6][7] - In 1983, it was announced that in 1988 women would be welcome to sail in the Olympics for the first time. The 470 was named as the first women's class. It fell to Kovelenko, a junior coach for USSR, to work with an inexperienced women's team of which little was expected. In four years, he coached former rower Larisa Moskalenko and her crew, Iryna Chunykhovska to an bronze medal at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.[8] - In 1991, after the Soviet Union was dissolved, Kovalenko began coaching both men's and women's teams for Ukraine. The 1996 Atlanta Olympics were a huge success for the newly independent country's first Olympics. Ukrainians brought home nine Gold medals, two medals of them in sailing (gold and bronze). But political upheaval within the country resulted in lack of support for the sailing team. When Kovalenko was recruited by Australia, he accepted. He moved to Sydney in 1997.[3] - His début as Australia's coach at 2000 Sydney Olympics resulted in gold medals for both the men's and women's teams in the 470 class. Immediately after the Sydney Olympics, he was appointed the inaugural Head Coach of the Australian Institute of Sport Sailing Program.[9] Australia missed the podium in Athens (2004), but at the 2008 Beijing Olympics both Kovalenko's men's and women's 470 class teams each won gold medals.[9] - At the 2012 London Olympics, the team of Mathew Belcher and Malcolm Page won gold for Australia in the 470 class. Belcher and Kovalenko have now been working together 21years.[9] - At the 2016 Rio Olympics, the team of Mathew Belcher and Will Ryan won the silver medal in the 470 class.[10] - His aim is to coach at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics after his wife said ""Victor, you have to do Tokyo because you can’t finish your coaching career with a silver medal, you have to complete the job"".[10] - Kovalenko has coached the following 470 class crewed to Olympic gold medals:[9] -",2023-08-26 18:05:39 -List of Académie des Beaux-Arts members: Unattached - Wikipedia," - This is a list of past and present members of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Section VI: Unattached (""Free""). - This seat was eliminated in 1959. - This seat was transferred to section VII in 1985. - Seat created by decree on 18 June 1946 - Seat created by decree on 18 June 1946 and suppressed by decree on 28 November 1956. - Seat created by decree on 8 June 1998 -",2023-08-26 18:05:43 -Ballymascanlan - Wikipedia," - Ballymascanlan (Irish: Baile Mhic Scanláin), otherwise Ballymascanlon, is a small village and townland in County Louth, Ireland, situated 4 km north-east of Dundalk on the Cooley Peninsula, on the road to Carlingford. - The townland runs down to the coast, and is bounded by the Flurry River, running south and reaching the sea at its edge, and a late tributary running east. - The name Ballymascanlan means ""town of the son of Scanlan"": a reference to Scanlan, son of Fingin, chief of the Uí Méith, who died in 672. The Uí Méith were rulers in the kingdom of Oriel until the Anglo-Norman period. An Uí Méith is credited with having defeated the Danes in Dundalk Bay in 833. The village of Omeath on Carlingford Lough also takes name from this group. - In 1185, during the Norman-English period, the district of Ballymascanlan as far north as Carrickarnon was donated by Hugh de Lacy to the Cistercian Abbey of Mellifont. - Following the dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry VIII the lordship of Ballymascanlan was granted to Sir Edward Moore, ancestor of the Marquess of Drogheda. Sir Garret Moore, 1st Viscount Moore inherited the title and estates in 1600 and was a friend of Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, who was a frequent visitor to Mellifont and Ballymascanlon. The associated 'Lands of Ballymascanlon' were transferred from Armagh to Louth circa 1630. It remained in the hands of the Moore family until the middle of the 18th century. - In 1688 the brothers Malcolm and Archibald Mcneill, officers of William III landed in Dundalk and defeated the Celtic Scanlons in the Battle of Ballymascanlon.[1] - Ballymascanlan House Hotel is an extended Victorian house on grounds remaining from an estate dating back centuries. The hotel has a leisure centre and swimming pool which allow paid public access, and the grounds include a golf course. - On the grounds of the hotel, though strictly speaking in the next townland to the north, Proleek, are a ruined wedge tomb and a portal dolmen.[2] The dolmen, known as ""The Giant's Load,"" has a 40 tonne capstone and three supporting stones.[citation needed] -  WikiMiniAtlas54°01′42″N 6°21′03″W / 54.0283°N 6.3508°W / 54.0283; -6.3508 - - This article related to the geography of County Louth, Ireland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:47 -Women Who Commit Adultery - Wikipedia," - Women Who Commit Adultery (German:Frauen, die die Ehe brechen) is a 1922 German silent film directed by and starring Bruno Eichgrün as the private detective Nick Carter. It was made as the sequel to The Passenger in the Straitjacket.[1] - In alphabetical order - - This article related to a German silent film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:50 -KYBR - Wikipedia,"KYBR (92.9 FM, ""Real Country 92.9"") is an American radio station licensed to Espanola, New Mexico, covering northern New Mexico including Santa Fe and Taos. It broadcasts a classic country music format and is owned by Rio Chama Broadcasting. - After experimenting with a Regional Mexican format, the station returned to a country format that combines older country hits with newer songs by traditional-sounding artists in July 2015.[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas36°05′53″N 106°07′19″W / 36.098°N 106.122°W / 36.098; -106.122 - - This article about a radio station in New Mexico is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:05:54 -Willy Johannmeyer - Wikipedia,"Willy Johannmeyer (27 July 1915 – 14 April 1970) was a German officer during World War II who served from 1939 to 1945. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, and at the time of the dissolution of Nazi Germany, the last adjutant to Adolf Hitler of the army (Heeresadjutant). - Johannmeyer was born in Iserlohn, Westphalia, on 27 July 1915.[1] After Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, he joined the Schutzstaffel (SS), No. 262992.[1] In 1936, he was assigned to the 64th Infantry Regiment as Cadet (Fahnenjunker)[1] and within 2 years, he rose to the rank of Leutnant.[2] - On the Eastern Front, the 503rd Infantry Regiment was involved in the defensive battle of Nevel (south of Pskov Oblast, near Belorussia). In this sector, Johannmeyer distinguished himself with notable action during the fighting in March 1943, and was awarded the 329th[3] Oak Leaves (Eichenlaub) to the Knight's Cross on 18 November 1943.[2] - On 25 November, his battalion attacked Soviet positions near the town of Sergeytsevo (northwest of Nevel) with the aid of the 502nd Heavy Tank Battalion in a forest. Otto Carius, a Tiger I tank commander of the battalion, recalled in his memoirs that Johannmeyer was struck by sniper fire in the lungs from a Soviet marksman hidden in tree foliage. Initially, Johannmeyer was thought to have a limited chance of survival, but he managed to survive. Carius wrote 'he was relieved to hear from Johannmeyer while he was in hospital in 1944'. Johannmeyer was absent from his official Oak Leaves award ceremony as his condition was still considered critical.[3] Shortly thereafter, on 1 December, Johamnmeyer was promoted to the rank of major.[2] - On 1 March 1944, Johannmeyer was called to a training course for senior officer adjutants, and 3 months later was transferred to the OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres, Army High Command). From August 1944 onwards, he served in the Army Personnel department (Heerespersonalamt), with the rank of Oberstleutnant i.G. (im Generalstab).[citation needed] - In 1945, Johannmeyer was transferred to the Führerhauptquartier (FHQ) in Berlin, located at the time in the Reich Chancellery, as Army Adjutant (Heeresadjutant),[2] replacing Heinrich Borgmann.[4] Johannmeyer was present at the conferences held twice a day (3:00 pm and at midnight) in the Chancellery's greenhouse, and later at those held in the Führerbunker.[5] - On Hitler's order, Johannmeyer flew to East Prussia to ""clarify"" the situation developing as the Soviets advanced through the Baltic States. Hitler always considered reports by army generals unrealistic, and refusing to accept that the Eastern Front was collapsing, relied on his adjutants to relay ""positive news"". Johannmeyer, upon his return, reported that the army was in an alarmingly desperate state, especially after the formation of the Courland pocket and the pocket around Königsberg. Hitler refused to allow any means of withdrawal. When Johannmeyer referred to the civilian deaths occurring due to the massive evacuation of the eastern territories, Hitler replied in anger:[6] - I won't take this into consideration at all! Johannmeyer was among the occupants of the Führerbunker, Hitler's underground headquarters in encircled Berlin. Johannmeyer was present at Hitler's last birthday ceremony on 20 April 1945.[7] During the pre-dawn hours of 29 April, Hitler ordered that three copies of his political testament be hand-delivered to Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner in Czechoslovakia, Karl Dönitz in Schleswig-Holstein, and the Brown House, Munich by Johannmeyer, Martin Bormann's adjutant SS-Standartenführer Wilhelm Zander, and deputy press attaché, Heinz Lorenz, respectively.[8][9] The three men said their farewell to Hitler and were each handed a white dossier containing the testament by Bormann at approximately 4:00 am. Armed with automatic weapons, and in uniform, the trio left the bunker around 8.00 am, attempting to break through Soviet lines to deliver the documents to their respective objective.[9][10] - Oberstleutnant Graßmann was tasked with ferrying Johannmeyer in a Fieseler Fi 156 Storch from Pfaueninsel, Wannsee, back to Field Marshal Schörner's headquarters. The plane took off at around midnight on 1–2 May 1945, but was unable to land in Berlin, due to being fired upon by Soviet Army troops.[11] - Johannmeyer made it back to Iserlohn. There Johannmeyer hid his copy of the documents by putting them in a container and burying it in his family's garden.[12] He was arrested by American troops in 1945. After his release, he was engaged in industrial business, mainly in Agricultural Economics, and attained the diploma - Dipl. agr.[13] He worked for the DEMAG subsidiary FMA Pokorny in Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, and became a member of the company's board of directors.[13][14] Johannmeyer died in 1970.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:05:58 -Gennadi Bogachyov (actor) - Wikipedia," - Gennadi Petrovich Bogachyov (Russian: Генна́дий Петро́вич Богачёв; 6 March 1945 – 25 April 2023) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor, in the troupe of the Bolshoi Drama Theater in Saint Petersburg since 1969.[1] In 1990 he was awarded the People's Artist of the RSFSR, and in 2015 Russia's Golden Mask award for best supporting male actor in a drama.[2] - Bogachyov was born on 6 March 1945, in the town of Shatsk, Ryazan Oblast.[3] In 1969 he graduated from the acting faculty of LGITMiK and was admitted to the troupe of the Leningrad Drama Theater. Since the early 1980s he was one of the leading artists of the theater.[3] - His most famous works in cinema are small but memorable, including the roles of the waiter Dima in Holidays in September [ru] and Stamford in the first episode of the television film series Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. - Bogachyov was the uncle of actress Alisa Bogart [ru]. He died on 25 April 2023, at age 78.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:06:01 -Grant Serpell - Wikipedia," - Stephen Grant Serpell (born 4 February 1944) is a British drummer. He was a member of several bands during the 1960s and 1970s, including Affinity and Sailor. - While studying for a degree in Chemistry from the University of Sussex, Serpell founded The Jazz Quartet, and he played with the University of Sussex Jazz Trio (known as The U.S. Jazz Trio). - After graduating, Serpell joined a band called Ice, and then Affinity, before joining Sailor, the band that has provided him with the most fame. - In 1983, during Sailor's quieter times, Serpell became a chemistry teacher, first at Altwood Church of England School and then at Waingels Copse Comprehensive School (now Waingels College), where he became head of the department. While at Waingels College he taught Irwin Sparkes of The Hoosiers and, after hearing a demo from Sparkes and Alan Sharland, encouraged them to experience life a little more to help provide inspiration for their songs.[1][2] - Serpell enjoyed a revival of Sailor's success, which started in the early 1990s. Until retiring in 2011, he toured the UK and Europe with the band.[3][4] - Grant married Michelle Kingsland in 1966 and a year later they had their first child, Edmund Charles, followed two years later by their second child, Charlotte Anna. - According to AllMusic, Serpell contributed to the following albums:[5] -",2023-08-26 18:06:04 -History of the Catholic Church in Mexico - Wikipedia,"The history of the Catholic Church in Mexico dates from the period of the Spanish conquest (1519–21) and has continued as an institution in Mexico into the twenty-first century. Catholicism is one of many major legacies from the Spanish colonial era, the others include Spanish as the nation's language, the Civil Code and Spanish colonial architecture. The Catholic Church was a privileged institution until the mid nineteenth century. It was the sole permissible church in the colonial era and into the early Mexican Republic, following independence in 1821. Following independence, it involved itself directly in politics, including in matters that did not specifically involve the Church.[1] - In the mid-nineteenth century the liberal Reform brought major changes in church-state relations. Mexican liberals in power challenged the Catholic Church's role, particularly in reaction to its involvement in politics.[2] The Reform curtailed the Church's role in education, property ownership, and control of birth, marriage, and death records, with specific anticlerical laws. Many of these were incorporated into the Constitution of 1857, restricting the Church's corporate ownership of property and other limitations. Although there were some liberal clerics who advocated reform, such as José María Luis Mora, the Church came to be seen as conservative and anti-revolutionary.[2] During the bloody War of the Reform, the Church was an ally of conservative forces that attempted to oust the liberal government. They also were associated with the conservatives' attempt to regain power during the French Intervention, when Maximilian of Habsburg was invited to become emperor of Mexico. The empire fell and conservatives were discredited, along with the Catholic Church. However, during the long presidency of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911) the liberal general pursued a policy of conciliation with the Catholic Church; though he kept the anticlerical articles of the liberal constitution in force, he in practice allowed greater freedom of action for the Catholic Church.[3] With Díaz's ouster in 1911 and the decade-long conflict of the Mexican Revolution, the victorious Constitutionalist faction led by Venustiano Carranza wrote the new Constitution of 1917 that strengthened the anticlerical measures in the liberal Constitution of 1857. - With the presidency of Northern, anticlerical, revolutionary general Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–28), the State's enforcement of the anticlerical articles of Constitution of 1917 provoked a major crisis with violence in a number of regions of Mexico. The Cristero Rebellion (1926–29) was resolved, with the aid of diplomacy of the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, ending the violence, but the anticlerical articles of the constitution remained. President Manuel Avila Camacho (1940–1946) came to office declaring ""I am a [Catholic] believer,"" (soy creyente) and Church-State relations improved though without constitutional changes. - A major change came in 1992, with the presidency of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994). In a sweeping program of reform to ""modernize Mexico"" that he outlined in his 1988 inaugural address, his government pushed through revisions in the Mexican Constitution, explicitly including a new legal framework that restored the Catholic Church's juridical personality.[4][5][6][7][8] The majority of Mexicans in the twenty-first century identify themselves as being Catholic, but the growth of other religious groups such as Protestant evangelicals, Mormons, as well secularism is consistent with trends elsewhere in Latin America. The 1992 federal Act on Religious Associations and Public Worship (Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas y Culto Público), known in English as the Religious Associations Act or (RAA), has affected all religious groups in Mexico.[9] - During the conquest, the Spaniards pursued a dual policy of military conquest, bringing indigenous peoples and territory under Spanish control, and spiritual conquest, that is, conversion of indigenous peoples to Christianity. When Spaniards embarked on the exploration and conquest of Mexico, a Catholic priest, Gerónimo de Aguilar, accompanied Hernán Cortés's expedition.[10] Spaniards were appalled at the ritual practice of human sacrifice and initially attempted to suppress it, but until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire was accomplished, it was not stamped out. The rulers of Cortés's allies from the city-state of Tlaxcala converted to Christianity almost immediately and there is a depiction of Cortés, Malinche, and the lords of Tlaxcala showing this event.[11] But not until the fall of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521 was a full-scale conversion of the indigenous populations undertaken. - The justification of Spanish (and Portuguese) overseas conquests was to convert the existing populations to Christianity. The pope granted the Spanish monarch (and the crown of Portugal) broad concessions termed the Patronato Real or Royal Patronage, giving the monarch the power to appoint candidates for high ecclesiastical posts, collection of tithes and support of the clergy, but did not cede power in matters of doctrine or dogma.[12] This essentially made the Spanish monarch the highest power of Church and State in its overseas territories. - In the early conquest era of Mexico, the formal institutions of Church and State had not been established. But to initiate the spiritual conquest even though the episcopal hierarchy (the diocesan clergy) had not yet been established, Cortés requested that the mendicant orders of Franciscans, Dominicans, and Augustinians be sent to New Spain, to convert the indigenous. The Twelve Apostles of Mexico as they are known were the first Franciscans who arrived in 1524, followed by the Dominican order in 1526, and the Augustinian order in 1533.[13] - Mendicants did not usually function as parish priests, administering the sacraments, but mendicants in early Mexico were given special dispensation to fulfill this function. The Franciscans, the first-arriving mendicants, staked out the densest and most central communities as their bases for conversion. These bases (called doctrina) saw the establishment of resident friars and the building of churches, often on the same sacred ground as pagan temples. - Given the small number of mendicants and the vast number of indigenous to convert, outlying populations of indigenous communities did not have resident priests but priests visited at intervals to perform the sacraments (mainly baptism, confession, and matrimony). In prehispanic Central Mexico, there had been a long tradition of conquered city-states adding the gods of their conquerors to their existing pantheon so that conversion to Christianity seemed to be similar.[14] - In general, Indians did not resist conversion to Christianity. Priests of the indigenous were displaced and the temples transformed into Christian churches. Mendicants targeted Indian elites as key converts, who would set the precedent for the commoners in their communities to convert.[15] Also targeted were youngsters who had not yet grown up with pagan beliefs. In Tlaxcala, some young converts were murdered and later touted as martyrs to the faith. - In Texcoco, however, one its lords, Don Carlos, was accused and convicted of sedition by the apostolic inquisition (which gives inquisitorial powers to a bishop) headed by Juan de Zumárraga in 1536 and was executed. His execution prompted the crown to reprimand Zumárraga and when the Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in Mexico in 1571, Indians were exempted from its jurisdiction. There was a concern that Indians were insufficiently indoctrinated in Catholic orthodox beliefs to be held to the same standards as Spaniards and other members of the República de Españoles. In the eyes of the Church and in Spanish law, Indians were legal minors. - The arrival of the Franciscan Twelve Apostles of Mexico initiated what came to be called The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico.[16] Many of the names and accomplishments of earliest Franciscans have come down to the modern era, including Toribio de Benavente Motolinia, Bernardino de Sahagún, Andrés de Olmos, Alonso de Molina, and Gerónimo de Mendieta. The first bishop of Mexico was Franciscan Juan de Zumárraga.[17] Early Dominicans in Mexico include Bartolomé de Las Casas, who famously was an encomendero and black slave dealer in the early Caribbean before he became a Dominican friar;[citation needed] Diego Durán[18] and Alonso de Montúfar who became the second bishop of Mexico.[19] It was not until Pedro Moya de Contreras became archbishop of Mexico in 1573 that a diocesan cleric rather than a mendicant served as Mexico's highest prelate.[20] - The friars sought ways to make their task of converting millions of Indians less daunting. By using existing indigenous settlements in Central Mexico where indigenous rulers were kept in place in the post-conquest period, the mendicant orders created doctrinas, major Indian towns designated as important for the initial evangelization, while smaller settlements, visitas, were visited at intervals to teach, preach, and administer the sacraments. - Friars built churches on the sites of temples, transforming the ancient sacred space into a place for Catholic worship. Some of these have been recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites under the general listing of Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl. Churches were built in the major Indian towns and, by the late sixteenth century, local neighborhoods; barrios (Spanish) or tlaxilacalli (Nahuatl) built chapels. - The crown and the Franciscans had hopes for the training of indigenous men to become ordained Catholic priests, and with the sponsorship of Bishop Juan de Zumárraga and Don Antonio de Mendoza, the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco was established in 1536, in an indigenous section of Mexico City. Several prominent Franciscans, including Bernardino de Sahagún taught at the school, but the Franciscans concluded that although their elite Indian students were capable of high learning, their failure to maintain life habits expected of a friar resulted in the ending of their religious education toward ordination.[21] - In 1555 the Third Mexican Provincial Council banned Indians from ordination to the priesthood. The failure to create a Christian priesthood of indigenous men has been deemed a major failure of the Catholic Church in Mexico.[21] With the banning of ordination for indigenous men, the priest was always a Spaniard (and in later years one who passed as one). The highest religious official in Indian towns was the fiscal, who was a nobleman who aided the priest in the affairs of the church.[22] - The Colegio continued for a number of decades more, with some of its most able students becoming participants in Sahagún's project to compile information about the prehispanic Aztecs in order that Christian evangelization would be more effective. The twelve-volume magnum opus The General History of the Things of New Spain, completed in the 1570s, is one of the high achievements of the early colonial period, published in English as the Florentine Codex. - The Franciscans were especially prolific in creating materials so that they could evangelize in the indigenous language, which in Central Mexico was Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs and other groups. Fray Andrés de Olmos completed a manual designed to teach the friars Nahuatl.[23] Fray Alonso de Molina compiled a bilingual dictionary in Nahuatl (Mexicana) and Spanish (Castellano) to aid the friars in teaching and preaching.[24] He also created a bilingual confessional manual, so that friars could hear confessions in Nahuatl.[25] - Bernardino de Sahagún wrote a book of psalms in Nahuatl for friars to use in their preaching; it was the only one of his many works that was published in his lifetime. When friars began to evangelize elsewhere in New Spain where there were other indigenous groups, they created similar materials in languages as diverse as Zapotec, Maya, and Chinantec. Increasingly the crown became hostile to the production of materials in indigenous languages, so that Sahagún's multivolume General History was not a model for such works elsewhere in Mexico. - One of the major challenges for friars in creating such materials was to find words and phrasing that evoked the sacred without confusing the indigenous about Christianity and their old beliefs. For that reason, a whole series of words from Spanish and a few from Latin were incorporated as loanwords into Nahuatl to denote God (Dios) rather than god (teotl) and others to denote new concepts, such as a last will and testament (testamento) and soul (ánima). Some Christian dichotomous concepts, such as good and evil, were not easy to convey to Nahuas, since their belief system sought a middle ground without extremes.[26] - Fray Alonso de Molina's 1569 confessional manual had a model testament in Spanish and Nahuatl. Whether or not it was the direct model for Nahua scribes or notaries in indigenous towns, the making of testaments that were simultaneously a religious document as well as one designed to pass property to selected heirs became standard in Nahua towns during the second half of the sixteenth century and carried on as a documentary type until Mexican independence in 1821. Early testaments in Nahuatl have been invaluable for the information they provide about Nahua men and women's property holding, but the religious formulas at the beginning of wills were largely that and did not represent individual statements of belief. However, testators did order property to be sold for Masses for their souls or gave money directly to the local friar, which may well have been encouraged by the recipients but can also be the testators’ gesture of piety.[27][28] - The friars founded 120 hospitals in the first hundred years of the colonial era, some serving only Spaniards but others exclusively for the indigenous. These hospitals for Indians were especially important since epidemics sickened and killed countless Indians after the conquest.[29][30][31] Hernán Cortés endowed the Hospital of the Immaculate Conception, more commonly known as the Hospital de Jesús, in Mexico City, which was run by religious. Bishop Vasco de Quiroga founded hospitals in Michoacan. The crown established the Royal Indian Hospital (Hospital Real de Indios or Hospital Real de Naturales) in Mexico city in 1553, which functioned until 1822 when Mexico gained its independence.[29] - Although the Royal Indian Hospital was a crown institution and not an ecclesiastical one, the nursing staff during the eighteenth century was the brothers of the religious order of San Hipólito. The order was founded in Mexico by Bernardino de Alvarez (1514–1584), and it established a number of hospitals. The religious order was to be removed from its role at the Royal Indian Hospital by a royal decree (cédula) after an investigation into allegations of irregularities, and the brothers were to return to their convent.[32] - Hospitals were not just places to treat the sick and dying, but were spiritual institutions as well. At the Royal Indian Hospital, the ordinances for governing called for four chaplains, appointed by the crown and not the church, to minister to the sick and dying. All four had to be proficient in either Nahuatl or Otomi, with two to serve in each language.[33] Although many secular clerics without a benefice held multiple posts in order to make a living, the chaplains at the Royal Indian Hospital were forbidden to serve elsewhere.[33] - Organizations that were more in the hands of the indigenous were confraternities (cofradías) founded in the Nahua area starting in the late sixteenth century and were established elsewhere in indigenous communities. Confraternities functioned as burial societies for their members, celebrated their patron saint, and conducted other religious activities, nominally under the supervision of a priest, but like their European counterparts there was considerable power in the hands of the lay leadership. Confraternities usually had religious banners, many of their officials wore special ritual attire, and they participated in larger religious festivities as an identifiable group.[34] For Indians and Blacks, these religious organizations promoted both their spiritual life and their sense of community, since their membership was exclusively of those groups and excluded Spaniards. On the contrary, limpieza (pure Spanish blood) status was gradually necessary for certain religious orders, confraternities, convents, and guilds.[35][36][37] - In one Nahua sodality in Tula, women not only participated but held publicly religious office. When the confraternity was given official recognition in 1631, they are noted in the confraternity's records in Nahuatl: ""Four mothers of people in holy matters [who are] to take good care of the holy cofradía so it will be much respected, and they are to urge those who have not yet joined the cofradía to enter, and they are to take care of the brothers [and sisters] who are sick, and the orphans; they are to see to what is needed for their souls and what pertains to their earthly bodies.""[38] - In the Maya area, confraternities had considerable economic power since they held land in the name of their patron saint and the crops went to the support of the saint's cult. The cah's (indigenous community) retention of considerable land via the confraternities was a way the Maya communities avoided colonial officials, the clergy, or even indigenous rulers (gobernadores) from diverting of community revenues in their cajas de comunidad (literally community-owned chests that had locks and keys). ""[I]n Yucatan the cofradía in its modified form was the community.""[39] - The Catholic Church is organized by territorial districts or dioceses, each with a bishop. The main church of a diocese is the cathedral. The diocese of Mexico was established in Mexico City in 1530. Initially, Mexico was not an episcopal jurisdiction in its own right; until 1547 it was under the authority of the Archbishop of Seville (Spain). - The first bishop of Mexico was Franciscan friar Don Juan de Zumárraga. The church that became the first cathedral was begun in 1524 on the main square Zócalo and consecrated in 1532. In general, a member of a mendicant order was not appointed to a high position in the episcopal hierarchy, so Zumárraga and his successor Dominican Alonso de Montúfar (r. 1551–1572) as bishops of Mexico should be seen as atypical figures. In 1572 Pedro Moya de Contreras became the first bishop of Mexico who was a secular cleric.[40] - The crown established the viceroyalty of New Spain, appointing high-born Spaniards loyal to the crown as the top civil official. On occasion in all three centuries of Spanish rule, the crown appointed archbishops or bishops as viceroy of New Spain, usually on an interim basis, until a new viceroy was sent from Spain. Pedro Moya de Contreras was the first secular cleric to be appointed archbishop of Mexico and he was also the first cleric to serve as viceroy, September 25, 1584 – October 17, 1585. - The seventeenth century saw the largest number of clerics as viceroys. The Dominican García Guerra served from June 19, 1611 – February 22, 1612. Blessed Don Juan de Palafox y Mendoza also served briefly as viceroy, June 10, 1642 – November 23, 1642. Marcos de Torres y Rueda, bishop of Yucatán, served from May 15, 1648 – April 22, 1649. Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas, bishop of Puebla, served from June 29, 1664 – October 15, 1664. Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico Payo Enríquez de Rivera Manrique, O.S.A., served an unusually long term as viceroy, from December 13, 1673, to November 7, 1680. Another unusual cleric-viceroy was Juan Ortega y Montañés, archbishop of Mexico City archdiocese, who served twice as interim viceroy, February 27, 1696, to December 18, 1696, and again from November 4, 1701, to November 27, 1702. - Once the Spanish Bourbon monarchy was established, just three clerics served as viceroy. Archbishop of Mexico City Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta, served six years as viceroy, March 17, 1734, to August 17, 1740. The last two cleric-viceroys followed the more usual pattern of being interim. Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta, archbishop of Mexico City, served from May 8, 1787, to August 16, 1787, and Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont, archbishop of Mexico City, served from July 19, 1809, to May 8, 1810. - The ecclesiastical structure was ruled by a bishop, who had considerable power encompassing legislative, executive, and judicial matters. A bishop ruled over a geographical district, a diocese, subdivided into parishes, each with a parish priest. The seat of the diocese was its cathedral, which had its own administration, the cabildo eclesiástico whose senior official was the dean of the cathedral. - New Spain became the seat of an archbishopric in 1530, with the archbishop overseeing multiple dioceses. The diocese of Michoacan (now Morelía) became an archdiocese in the sixteenth century as well. The creation of further dioceses in Mexico is marked by the construction of cathedrals in the main cities: the cathedral in Antequera (now Oaxaca City) (1535), the Guadalajara Cathedral (1541), the Puebla Cathedral 1557, the Zacatecas Cathedral (1568), the Mérida Cathedral (1598), and the Saltillo Cathedral (1762). - The ordained clergy (but not religious sisters) had ecclesiastical privileges (fueros), which meant that they were exempt from civil courts, no matter what the offense, but were tried in canonical courts. This separation of jurisdictions for different groups meant that the Church had considerable independent power. In the late eighteenth century, one of the Bourbon Reforms was the removal of this fuero, making the clergy subject to civil courts.[41] - Members of the upper levels of the hierarchy, parish priests, and priests who functioned in religious institutions such as hospitals, received a salaried income, a benefice. However, not all ordained priests had a secure income from such benefices and had to find a way to make a living. Since secular priests did not take a vow of poverty, they often pursued economic functions like any other member of Hispanic society. An example of a secular cleric piecing together an income from multiple posts is Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, one of New Spain's most distinguished intellectuals, who had no benefice. - In the sixteenth century, the establishment of the episcopal hierarchy was part of a larger Crown policy that in the early period increasingly aimed at diminishing the role of the mendicant orders as parish priests in central areas of the colony and strengthening the role of the diocesan (secular) clergy. The Ordenanza del Patronazgo was the key act of the crown asserting control over the clergy, both mendicant and secular. It was promulgated by the crown in 1574, codifying this policy, which simultaneously strengthened the crown's role, since it had the power of royal patronage over the diocesan clergy, the Patronato Real, but not the mendicant orders.[42] - The Ordenanza guaranteed parish priests an income and a permanent position.[43] Priests competed for desirable parishes through a system of competitive examinations called oposiones, with the aim of having the most qualified candidates receiving benefices. With these competitions, the winners became holders of benefices (beneficiados) and priests who did not come out on top were curates who served on an interim basis by appointment by the bishop; those who failed entirely did not even hold a temporary assignment.[44] The importance of the Ordenanza is in the ascendancy of the diocesan clergy over the mendicants, but also indicates the growth in the Spanish population in New Spain and the necessity not only to minister to it but also to provide ecclesiastical posts for the best American-born Spaniards (creoles). - One type of institution that produced income for priests without a parish or other benefice was to say Masses for the souls of men and women who had set up chantries (capellanías). Wealthy members of society would set aside funds, often by a lien on real property, to ensure Masses would be said for their souls in perpetuity. Families with an ordained priest as a member often designated him as the capellán, thus ensuring the economic well-being of one of its own. Although the endowment was for a religious purpose, the Church itself did not control the funds. It was a way that pious elite families could direct their wealth.[45] - The crown had significant power in the economic realm regarding the Church, since it was granted the use of tithes (a ten percent tax of agriculture) and the responsibility of collecting them. In general the crown gave these revenues for the support of the Church, and where revenues fell short, the crown supplemented them from the royal treasury.[46] - At the same time that the episcopal hierarchy was established, the Society of Jesus or Jesuits, a new religious order founded on new principles, came to Mexico in 1572. The Jesuits distinguished themselves in several ways. They had high standards for acceptance to the order and many years of training. They were adept at attracting the patronage of elite families whose sons they educated in rigorous, newly founded Jesuit colegios (""colleges""), including Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, Colegio de San Ildefonso, and the Colegio de San Francisco Javier, Tepozotlan. Those same elite families hoped that a son with a vocation to the priesthood would be accepted as a Jesuit. Jesuits were also zealous in evangelization of the indigenous, particularly on the northern frontiers. - To support their colleges and members of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits acquired landed estates that were run with the best-practices for generating income in that era. A number of these haciendas were donated by wealthy elites. The donation of an hacienda to the Jesuits was the spark igniting a conflict between seventeenth-century bishop of Puebla Don Juan de Palafox and the Jesuit colegio in that city. Since the Jesuits resisted paying the tithe on their estates, this donation effectively took revenue out of the church hierarchy's pockets by removing it from the tithe rolls.[47] - Many Jesuit haciendas were huge, with Palafox asserting that just two colleges owned 300,000 head of sheep, whose wool was transformed locally in Puebla to cloth; six sugar plantations worth a million pesos and generating an income of 100,000 pesos.[47] The immense Jesuit hacienda of Santa Lucía produced pulque, the fermented juice of the agave cactus whose main consumers were the lower classes and Indians in Spanish cities. Although most haciendas had a free work force of permanent or seasonal laborers, the Jesuit haciendas in Mexico had a significant number of black slaves.[48] - The Jesuits operated their properties as an integrated unit with the larger Jesuit order; thus revenues from haciendas funded colegios. Jesuits did significantly expand missions to the indigenous in the frontier area and a number were martyred, but the crown supported those missions.[47] Mendicant orders that had real estate were less economically integrated, so that some individual houses were wealthy while others struggled economically. The Franciscans, who were founded as an order embracing poverty, did not accumulate real estate, unlike the Augustinians and Dominicans in Mexico. - The Jesuits engaged in conflict with the episcopal hierarchy over the question of payment of tithes, the ten percent tax on agriculture levied on landed estates for support of the Church hierarchy, from bishops and cathedral chapters to parish priests. Since the Jesuits were the largest religious order holding real estate, surpassing the Dominicans and Augustinians who had accumulated significant property, this was no small matter.[47] They argued that they were exempt, due to special pontifical privileges.[49] In the mid-seventeenth century, bishop of Puebla Don Juan de Palafox took on the Jesuits over this matter and was so soundly defeated that he was recalled to Spain, where he became the bishop of the minor diocese of Osma. The mendicant orders were envious of the Jesuits’ economic power and influence and the fact that fewer good candidates for their orders chose them as opposed to the Jesuits. - In 1767, the Spanish crown ordered the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and its overseas territories. Their properties passed into the hands of elites who had the wherewithal to buy them. The mendicants did not protest their expulsion. The Jesuits had established missions in Baja California prior to their expulsion. These were taken over by the Franciscans, who then went on to establish 21 missions in Alta California.[50] - In the first generation of Spaniards in New Spain, women emigrated to join existing kin, generally marrying. With few marital partners of equal calidad for Spanish men, there was pressure for Spanish women to marry rather than take the veil as a cloistered nun. However, as more Spanish families were created and there were a larger number of daughters, the social economy could accommodate the creation of nunneries for women. The first convent in New Spain was founded in 1540 in Mexico City by the Conceptionist Order.[51] Mexico City had the largest number of nunneries with 22. Puebla, New Spain's second largest city, had 11, with its first in 1568; Guadalajara had 6, starting in 1578; Antequera (Oaxaca), had 5, starting in 1576. In all, there were 56 convents for creole women in New Spain, with the greatest number in the largest cities. However, even a few relatively small provincial cities had convents, including Pátzcuaro (1744), San Miguel el Grande (1754), Aguascalientes (1705-07), Mérida (Yucatán) 1596, and San Cristóbal (Chiapas) 1595. The last nunnery before independence in 1821 was in Mexico City in 1811, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe.[52] Over the colonial period, there were 56 nunneries established in New Spain, the largest number being the Conceptionists with 15, followed by Franciscans at 14, Dominicans with 9, and Carmelites with 7. Sor Juana's Jeronymite order had only 3 houses.[53][54] The largest concentration of convents was in the capital, Mexico City, with 11 built between 1540 and 1630, and, by 1780 another 10 for a total of 21.[55] - These institutions were designed for the daughters of elites, with individual living quarters not only for the nuns, but also their servants. Depending on the particular religious order, the discipline was more or less strict. The Carmelites were strictly observant, which prompted Doña Juana Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana to withdraw from their community and join the Jeronymite nunnery in Mexico City, becoming Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, known in her lifetime as the ""Tenth Muse"". - Nuns were enclosed in their convents, but some orders regularly permitted visits from the nuns’ family members (and in Sor Juana's case, the viceroy and his wife the virreina), as well as her friend, the priest and savant Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora. Nuns were required to provide a significant dowry to the nunnery on their entrance. As ""brides of Christ"", nuns often entered the nunnery with an elaborate ceremony that was an occasion for the family to display not only its piety but also its wealth. - Nunneries accumulated wealth due to the dowries donated for the care of nuns when they entered. Many nunneries also acquired urban real estate, whose rents were a steady source of income to that particular house. - In the eighteenth century, the Poor Clares established a convent for noble Indian women. The debate leading up to the creation of the convent of Corpus Christi in 1724 was another round of debate about the capacity of Indians, male or female, for religious life. The early sixteenth century had seen the demise of the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, which had been founded to train Indian men for ordination. - At the same time that the episcopal hierarchy in Mexico first had a secular cleric as archbishop, the tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in 1569 to maintain orthodoxy and Christian morality. In 1570, Indians were removed from the Inquisition's jurisdiction. - Non-Catholics were banned from emigrating to Spain's overseas territories, with potential migrants needing to receive a license to travel that stated they were of pure Catholic heritage. However, a number of crypto-Jews, that is, Jews who supposedly converted to Christianity (conversos) but continued practicing Judaism, did emigrate. Many were merchants of Portuguese background, who could more easily move within the Spanish realms during the period 1580–1640 when Spain and Portugal had the same monarch. - The Portuguese empire included territories in West Africa and was the source of African slaves sold in Spanish territories. Quite a number of Portuguese merchants in Mexico were involved in the transatlantic slave trade. When Portugal successfully revolted against Spanish rule in 1640, the Inquisition in Mexico began to closely scrutinize the merchant community in which many Portuguese merchants were crypto-Jews. In 1649, crypto-Jews both living and dead were ""relaxed to the secular arm"" of crown justice for punishment. The Inquisition had no power to execute the convicted, so civil justice carried out capital punishment in a grand public ceremony affirming the power of Christianity and the State. - The Gran Auto de Fe of 1649 saw Crypto-Jews burned alive, while the effigies or statues along with the bones of others were burned. Although the trial and punishment of those already dead might seem bizarre to those in the modern era, the disinterment of the remains of crypto-Jews from Christian sacred ground and then burning their remains protected living and dead Christians from the pollution of those who rejected Christ. A spectacular case of sedition was prosecuted a decade later in 1659, the case of Irishman William Lamport, also known as Don Guillén de Lampart y Guzmán, who was executed in an auto de fe. - In general though the Inquisition imposed penalties that were far less stringent than capital punishment. They prosecuted cases of bigamy, blasphemy, Lutheranism (Protestantism), witchcraft, and, in the eighteenth century, sedition against the crown was added to the Inquisition's jurisdiction. Historians have in recent decades utilized Inquisition records to find information on a broad range of those in the Hispanic sector and discern social and cultural patterns and colonial ideas of deviance. - Indigenous men and women were excluded from the jurisdiction of the Inquisition when it was established, but there were on-going concerns about indigenous beliefs and practice. In 1629, Hernando Riz de Alarcón wrote the Treatise on the Heathen Superstitions that today live among the Indians native to this New Spain. 1629.[56] Little is known about Ruiz de Alarcón himself,[57] but his work is an important contribution to early Mexico for understanding Nahua religion, beliefs, and medicine. He collected information about Nahuas in what is now modern Guerrero. He came to the attention of the Inquisition for conducting autos-de-fe and punishing Indians without authority. The Holy Office exonerated him due to his ignorance and then appointed him to a position to inform the Holy Office of pagan practices, resulting in the Treatise on the Heathen Superstitions.[58] - In 1531, a Nahua, Juan Diego, is said to have experienced a vision of a young girl on the site of a destroyed temple to a mother goddess.[59] The cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe was promoted by Dominican archbishop of Mexico, Alonso de Montúfar, while Franciscans such as Bernardino de Sahagún were deeply suspicious because of the possibility of confusion and idolatry. - The vision became embodied in a physical object, the cloak or tilma on which the image of the Virgin appeared. This ultimately became known as Our Lady of Guadalupe. - The cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe grew in importance in the seventeenth century, becoming especially associated with American-born Spaniards. In the era of independence, she was an important symbol of liberation for the insurgents. - Although the Virgin of Guadalupe is the most important Marian devotion in Mexico, she is by no means the only one. In Tlaxcala, the Virgin of Ocotlan is important; in Jalisco Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos and the Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan are important pilgrimage sites; in Oaxaca, the Basilica of Our Lady of Solitude is important. In the colonial period and particularly during the struggle for independence in the early nineteenth century, the Virgin of Los Remedios was the symbolic leader of the royalists defending Spanish rule in New Spain. - In colonial New Spain, there were several devotions to Christ with images of Christ focusing worship. A number of them were images are of a Black Christ. The Cristos Negros of Central America and Mexico included the Cristo Negro de Esquipulas; the Cristo Negro of Otatitlan, Veracruz; the Cristo Negro of San Pablo Anciano, Acatitlán de Osorio, Puebla; the Lord of Chalma, in Chalma, Malinalco. In Totolapan, Morelos, the Christ crucified image that appeared in 1543 has been the subject of a full-scale scholarly monograph.[60] - New Spain had residents who lived holy lives and were recognized in their own communities. Late sixteenth-century Franciscan Felipe de Jesús, who was born in Mexico, became its first saint, a martyr in Japan; he was beatified in 1627, a step in the process of sainthood, and canonized a saint in 1862, during a period of conflict between Church and the liberal State in Mexico. One of the martyrs of the Japanese state's crackdown on Christians, San Felipe was crucified.[61] - Sebastian de Aparicio, another sixteenth-century holy person, was a lay Franciscan, an immigrant from Spain, who became a Franciscan late in life. He built a reputation for holiness in Puebla, colonial Mexico's second largest city, and was beatified (named Blessed) in 1789.[62] Puebla was also the home of another immigrant, Catarina de San Juan, one who did not come to New Spain of her own volition, but as an Asian (China) slave.[63] - Known as the ""China Poblana"" (Asian woman of Puebla), Catarina lived an exemplary life and was regarded in her lifetime as a holy woman, but the campaign for her recognition by the Vatican stalled in the seventeenth century, despite clerics’ writing her spiritual autobiography. Her status as an outsider and non-white might have affected her cause for designation as holy.[63] Madre María de Ágreda (1602–1665), named Venerable in 1675, was a Spanish nun who, while cloistered in Spain, is said to have experienced bilocation between 1620 and 1623 and is believed to have helped evangelize the Jumano Indians of west Texas and New Mexico. - In the twentieth century, the Vatican beatified in 1988 eighteenth-century Franciscan Junípero Serra (1713–84) and canonized him in 2015. He founded most of the Franciscan Missions of California. Seventeenth-century bishop of Puebla and Osma (Spain), Don Juan de Palafox y Mendoza was beatified in 2011 by Benedict XVI. The Niños Mártires de Tlaxcala (child martyrs of Tlaxcala), who died during the initial ""spiritual conquest"" of the 1520s, were the first lay Catholics from the Americas beatified, done in 1990 by John Paul II.[64][unreliable source?] - Juan Diego, the Nahua who is credited with the vision of Our Lady of Guadalupe was beatified in 1990 and canonized in 2002 by John Paul II in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.[65] - The Church has also canonized a number of twentieth-century Saints of the Cristero War; Father Miguel Pro was beatified in 1988 by John Paul II.[66] - With the death of Charles II of Spain in 1700 without heir, the crown of Spain was contested by European powers in the War of the Spanish Succession. The candidate from the French House of Bourbon royal line became Philip V of Spain, coming to power in 1714. Initially, in terms of ecclesiastical matters there were no major changes, but the Bourbon monarchs in both France and Spain began making major changes to existing political, ecclesiastical, and economic arrangements, collectively known as the Bourbon Reforms. Church-state Bourbon policy shifted toward an increase in state power and a decrease in ecclesiastical.[67] - The Patronato Real ceding the crown power in the ecclesiastical sphere continued in force, but the centralizing tendencies of the Bourbon state meant that policies were implemented that directly affected clerics. Most prominent of these was the attack on the special privileges of the clergy, the fuero eclesiástico which exempted churchmen from prosecution in civil courts.[41] - Bourbon policy also began to systematically exclude American-born Spaniards from high ecclesiastical and civil office while privileging peninsular Spaniards. The Bourbon crown diminished the power and influence of parish priests, secularized missions founded by the mendicant orders (meaning that the secular or diocesan clergy rather than the orders were in charge). An even more sweeping change was the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and Spain's overseas territories in 1767. The crown expanded the jurisdiction of the Inquisition to include sedition against the crown. - The crown also expanded its reach into ecclesiastical matters by bringing in new laws that empowered families to veto the marriage choices of their offspring. This disproportionately affected elite families, giving them the ability to prevent marriages to those they deemed social or racial unequals. Previously, the regulation of marriage was in the hands of the Church, which consistently supported a couple's decision to marry even when the family objected. With generations of racial mixing in Mexico in a process termed mestizaje, elite families had anxiety about interlopers who were of inferior racial status. - In the economic sphere, the Church had acquired a significant amount of property, particularly in Central Mexico, and the Jesuits ran efficient and profitable haciendas, such as that of Santa Lucía. More important, however, was the Church's taking the role of the major lender for mortgages. Until the nineteenth century in Mexico, there were no banks in the modern sense, so that those needing credit to finance real estate acquisitions turned to the Church as a banker. - The Church had accumulated wealth from donations by patrons. That capital was too significant to let sit idle, so it was lent to reputable borrowers, generally at 5 percent interest. Thus, elite land owners had access to credit to finance acquisitions of property and infrastructure improvement, with multi-decade mortgages. Many elite families’ consumption patterns were such that they made little progress on paying off the principal and many estates were very heavily mortgaged to the Church. Estates were also burdened with liens on their income to pay for the salary of the family's capellan, a priest guaranteed an income to say Masses for the founder of the capellanía. - The Bourbon crown attempted to eliminate capellanías entirely. The lower secular clergy was significantly affected, many of whom not having a steady income via a benefice, or having a benefice insufficient to support them.[68][69] - The Bourbon monarchy increasingly tried to gain control over ecclesiastical funds for their own purposes. They eliminated tax exemptions for ecclesiastical donations, put a 15% tax on property passing into the hands of the Church in mortmain. Most serious for elite creole families was the crown's law, the Act of Consolidation in 1804, which changed the terms of mortgages. Rather than long-term mortgages with a modest schedule of repayment, the crown sought to gain access to that capital immediately. Thus, families were suddenly faced with paying off the entire mortgage without the wherewithal to gain access to other credit. It was economically ruinous to many elite families and is considered a factor in elite creoles’ alienation from the Spanish crown.[70] - The Jesuits were an international order with an independence of action due to its special relationship as ""soldiers of the pope."" The Portuguese expelled the Jesuits in 1759 and the French in 1764, so the Spanish crown's move against them was part of a larger assertion of regal power in Europe and their overseas territories. Since the Jesuits had been the premier educators of elite young men in New Spain and the preferred order if a young man had a vocation for the priesthood, the connection between the Jesuits and creole elites was close. Their churches were magnificent, sometimes more opulent than the cathedral (the main church of a diocese). Their estates were well run and profitable, funding both their educational institutions as well as frontier missions. The expulsion of the Jesuits meant the exile of their priests, many of them to Italy, and for many creole families connected to the order by placing a son there, it meant splitting of elite families. One Mexican Jesuit who was expelled was Francisco Javier Clavijero, who wrote a history of Mexico that extolled the Aztec past.[71] - Pious works (obras pías) were expressions of religious belief and the wealthy in Mexico established institutions to aid the poor, sometimes with the support of the Church and the crown. The 1777 establishment of what is now called Nacional Monte de Piedad allowed urban dwellers who had any property at all to pawn access to interest-free, small-scale credit. It was established by the Count of Regla, who had made a fortune in silver mining, and the pawnshop continues to operate as a national institution in the twenty-first century, with its headquarters still right off the Zócalo in Mexico City with branches in many other places in Mexico. The Count of Regla's donation is an example of private philanthropy in the late colonial period. - A much earlier example was the endowment that conqueror Hernán Cortés gave to establish the Hospital de Jesús, which is the only venue in Mexico City that has a bust of the conqueror. - Another eighteenth-century example of private philanthropy that then became a crown institution was the Hospicio de Pobres, the Mexico City Poor House, founded in 1774 with funds of a single ecclesiastical donor, Choirmaster of the Cathedral, Fernando Ortiz Cortés, who became its first director.[72] That institution lasted about a century, until 1871, going from a poor house or work house for adults to mainly being an orphanage for abandoned street children.[73] - The Bourbon Reforms had strengthened the role of the State at the expense of the Catholic Church. Parish priests and other secular clergy in particular experienced not only loss of status, but loss of income. The crown had created a new administrative regime as part of its civil reforms. In indigenous communities the parish priest, who under the Habsburgs had functioned as a representative of both the Church and the crown, was now supplanted by civil authorities. Curates could no longer use corporal punishment, manage confraternity funds, or undertake church construction projects without a license from the crown. The parish priest had often dealt with regulation of public morals, but changes in their powers meant they no longer could mete out punishment for drunkenness, gambling, adultery, or consensual unions without benefit of marriage.[74] - This loss of power and influence in local communities contributed not only to the alienation of the lower secular clergy from the crown, but also began to dismantle the judicial state. As the crown strengthened its own civil role, it unwittingly undermined the aura of the sacred from its power, so that the monarch came to be viewed more as an oppressive authoritarian rather than a benevolent father figure.[75] The Bourbon crown's local representatives were often military men or administrators with no reverence for the Church as an institution; no respect for the local priest, whom they sometimes insulted publicly; and no understanding of local life ways. They burst into churches during Mass to arrest Indians, ""sometimes shouting obscenities and insulting the priest if he objected.""[76] - This lower secular clergy was ""often accused of leading unruly protests against the acts of royal officials.""[76] When Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808, forcing the Bourbon monarch to abdicate and placing his own brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne, there was a crisis of legitimacy of crown rule in Spain's overseas empire. Having spent decades alienating the lower clergy by its measures, the Bourbon monarchy found itself without priests supporting it, but who participated in the insurgency for independence. - Two lower clerics led it, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and José María Morelos – national heroes in Mexico, with Mexican states named after them. Also extremely important in the struggle for independence was the symbolic role of the Virgin of Guadalupe for insurgents, but also the symbolic role of the Virgin of Los Remedios for the royalists. - The insurgency for independence in the period 1810-13 was prominently led by lower secular clerics, but the top levels of episcopal hierarchy strongly condemned it. When Hidalgo was captured by royalist forces, he was first defrocked as a priest and then turned over to civil authorities and executed. For parish priests, the Bourbon policies of the last 50 years had undermined their authority and distanced the allegiance to the monarch as the patron of the Catholic Church.[77] - Events in Spain again profoundly affected politics in New Spain and on the position of the leaders of the episcopal hierarchy. Following the ouster of Napoleon, Spanish liberals created a constitution for the first time, establishing the monarch not as an absolute ruler but as a constitutional monarchy, subject to a legislature or cortes. The Spanish liberal Constitution of 1812 had many objectionable elements for the clergy in New Spain, even though it pledged in Article 12: ""The religion of the Spanish nation is, and ever shall be, the Catholic Apostolic Roman and only true faith; the State shall, by wise and just laws, protect it and prevent the exercise of any other.""[78] A mere constitution could be changed and liberalism as a philosophy did not support religious institutions as such. When Ferdinand VII was restored to the throne, he promised to abide by the constitution, but quickly repudiated it, reasserting Bourbon autocratic rule. Spanish liberals pushed back and a coup of 1820 re-established the constitution. - In New Spain, the episcopal hierarchy was highly concerned, since their position would be affected. The emergence of royalist military officer Agustín de Iturbide as a champion of Mexican independence, his alliance with insurgent Vicente Guerrero, and the promulgation of the Plan of Iguala in 1821 marked a turning point for the Catholic Church. In the vision it articulated of an independent Mexico, the Plan of Iguala kept the Catholic Church as the exclusive religious institution. The hierarchy saw the Catholic Church's best interests as being with an independent Mexico where they expected to maintain their power and privileges (fueros). As nineteenth-century conservative politician and historian Lucas Alamán observed, Mexican independence ""was the natural result of a simple change of front by the army, instigated by the higher clergy who were antagonistic to the Spanish Cortes [parliament] ...Independence was achieved by the very ones who had opposed it.""[79] With these assurances, the hierarchy supported independence and parish priests gave sermons in support. The Catholic Church had judged well, since it emerged ""from the struggles for independence as a much stronger power than the state.""[80] - The initial period after Mexican independence was not marked by major changes in the role of the Catholic Church in Mexico, but in the mid-nineteenth century Mexican liberals initiated a reform to separate Church and State and undermine the political and economic role of the Church, codified in the Constitution of 1857. Mexican conservatives challenged those reforms and a decade of civil conflict ensued. Mexican liberals were ultimately the victors and began implementing laws passed in the late 1850s curtailing the power of the Catholic Church. The long presidency of Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911) created a modus vivendi with the Church, which ended with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910. The revolutionary Constitution of 1917 strengthened anti-clerical laws. A new Church-State modus vivendi ensued in 1940. In 1992, the Mexican constitution was amended to remove most of the anti-clerical elements. Roman Catholicism has remained the dominant religion in Mexico since the colonial era. - The nineteenth century saw initial continuity of church-state relations in Mexico, but Mexican liberals increasingly sought to curtail the power and privilege of the Roman Catholic Church. There were violent conflicts resulting from these differing views during the Liberal Reform, but during the regime of Porfirio Díaz, a new, more peaceful mode of church-state relations was in place, although the anticlerical articles of the Constitution of 1857 remained in place. - The church supported Mexican independence, since the Plan of Iguala's first provision was the continuation of the existing standing and privileges of the Catholic Church. The Church played a crucial role in achieving it. In the immediate aftermath of the September 1821 fall of the Spanish royal government, a Constituent Assembly was created in February 1822 to implement the independence plan to a framework for the new sovereign state. The assembly included priests, so the interests of the Catholic Church were directly represented. Demonstrating the importance of the Catholic Church in the new order, before the assembly convened for the business of creating the governing document of the new state, all went to the cathedral to hear Mass and they took an oath to uphold the exclusivity of Catholicism in Mexico.[81] Vicente Riva Palacio, an important, late nineteenth-century historian of Mexico and political liberal, assessed the significance, contending that ""This religious ceremony indicates the supremacy of the clergy, without whose intervention in matters of policy, acts would have been illegal and all authority would have been insecure and weak.""[82] - The Plan of Iguala had provided for a European prince to rule Mexico. When none presented himself to serve as monarch, in a series of political moves the royalist-turned-insurgent Agustín Iturbide with support of the Catholic Church (and with the opposition of those favoring a republic) became Emperor Agustín I of Mexico.[83] Although most of the peninsular-born priests supported the new order, the archbishop of Mexico resigned, immediately creating a conflict with the Vatican about which entity had the power to name a replacement. The papacy had ceded the right of appointment and other significant privileges to the Spanish crown via the Patronato Real. But now that Mexico was a sovereign state, the issue was whether that right was transferred to the new national government. This question was a major issue until the Liberal Reforma and the definitive defeat of conservatives in 1867 with the fall of the Second Mexican Empire. With the triumph of the liberals, the Catholic Church lost its exclusive standing as the only allowable religion and the Mexican State ceased to assert control over its patronage. But in the early Republic, established in 1824, the Catholic Church exerted both power and influence and sought to establish its complete independence of civil authority.[83] - The Mexican state asserted the right of what it called the Patronato Nacional, that is the transfer of the Patronato Real with all rights and responsibilities was an essential element of political sovereignty, codified in the Constitution of 1824.[84] The papacy countered that the Patronato reverted to the Vatican now that the political situation was transformed, and that Mexico needed to petition to receive the concession in its own right. The Vatican's position was that until that occurred, replacement of ecclesiastics reverted to the ruling hierarchy of the dioceses.[83] - The effect of independence on the Catholic Church in Mexico and the patronage dispute meant that many dioceses lacked a bishop when one died or left Mexico, since who had the power to appoint a new one was not resolved. In Puebla, Mexico's second largest city, there was no bishop from 1829 until 1840.[84] Even worse for many of the faithful in Mexico was the lack of parish priests, who had been important figures in local communities, despite all the Bourbon crown's efforts to undermine their authority. - Anticlericalism of Mexican liberals who opposed the institutional powers of the Catholic Church and its continued dominance in economic matters found expression when military hero Antonio López de Santa Anna was elected president in 1833 and, rather than exercising power himself, retired to his estate in Veracruz, leaving the government in the hands of his vice president, radical liberal Valentín Gómez Farías. Gómez Farías and liberals in the legislature enacted strong anticlerical measures that were a foretaste of the liberal reforms of the 1850s and 1860s. José María Luis Mora, a secular priest, was a force behind secularizing education, along with Lorenzo Zavala. The government asserted its right to appoint clerics, rather than the Church hierarchy, claiming the Patronato Nacional.[85] Catholic missions were dissolved and their assets confiscated by the State; the educational system was secularized, which ended religious dominance in education; the State ceased collecting tithes for the support of the Catholic Church, and declared that monastic vows were no longer binding.[84] However sweeping these reforms were, liberals did not end Catholicism as the exclusive religion of Mexico. This brief period of reform ended when a coalition of conservatives and the Mexican army forced Gómez Farías's resignation in 1834.[85] - Starting in 1855, Benito Juárez issued decrees nationalizing church property, separating church and state, and suppressing religious institutes. Church properties were confiscated and basic civil and political rights were denied to religious institutes and the clergy. The Church supported the regime of Juárez's successor, Porfirio Diaz, who was opposed to land reform. - The first of the Liberal Reform Laws were passed in 1855. The Juárez Law, named after Benito Juárez, restricted clerical privileges, specifically the authority of Church courts,[86] by subverting their authority to civil law. It was conceived of as a moderate measure, rather than abolish church courts altogether. The move opened latent divisions in the country. Archbishop Lázaro de la Garza in Mexico City condemned the Law as an attack on the Church itself, and clerics went into rebellion in the city of Puebla in 1855–56.[87] Bishop of Michoacan Clemente de Jesús Munguía also vociferously opposed the reform laws and the requirement for Mexicans to swear fealty to the liberal Constitution of 1857.[88] Other laws attacked the privileges (fueros) traditionally enjoyed by the military, which was significant since the military had been instrumental in putting and keeping Mexican governments in office since Emperor Agustín de Iturbide in the 1820s.[86] - The next Reform Law was called the Lerdo Law, after Miguel Lerdo de Tejada. Under this new law, the government began to confiscate Church land.[86] This proved to be considerably more controversial than the Juárez Law. The purpose of the law was to convert lands held by corporate entities such as the Church into private property, favoring those who already lived on it. It was thought that such would encourage development and the government could raise revenue by taxing the process.[87] - Lerdo de Tejada was the Minister of Finance and required that the Church sell much of its urban and rural land at reduced prices. If the Church did not comply, the government would hold public auctions. The Law also stated that the Church could not gain possession of properties in the future. However, the Lerdo Law did not apply only to the Church. It stated that no corporate body could own land. Broadly defined, this would include ejidos, or communal land owned by Indian villages. Initially, these ejidos were exempt from the law, but eventually these Indian communities suffered an extensive loss of land.[86] - By 1857, additional anti-clerical legislation such as the Iglesias Law (named after José María Iglesias) regulated the collection of clerical fees from the poor and prohibited clerics from charging for baptisms, marriages, or funeral services.[89] Marriage became a civil contract, although no provision for divorce was authorized. Registry of births, marriages and deaths became a civil affair, with President Benito Juárez registering his newborn son in Veracruz. The number of religious holidays was reduced and several holidays to commemorate national events introduced. Religious celebrations outside churches, such as processions and outdoor Masses, were forbidden, use of church bells restricted, and clerical dress was prohibited in public.[90] - One other significant Reform Law was the Law for the Nationalization of Ecclesiastical Properties, which would eventually secularize nearly all of the country's monasteries and convents. The government had hoped that this law would bring in enough revenue to secure a loan from the United States, but sales would prove disappointing from the time it was passed all the way to the early 20th century.[90] - Liberal general Porfirio Díaz, who became president in 1876, strengthened the Mexican government ties with the Catholic Church with an agreement formulated in 1905. The Church's influence over Mexico increased due to the large number of changes that occurred while Díaz was in power. These institutional reforms included: administrative reorganization, improved training of the laity, the expansion of the Catholic press, an expansion of Roman Catholic education, and the growth of the Church's influence in rural areas. The lack of enforcement of anti-clerical laws by Díaz can also be attributed to the profound influence of his wife, who was a devout Catholic. - During the period 1876 to 1911, relations between the Catholic Church and the Mexican government were stable. This was a sharp contrast to the political discord that led to outright warfare between Mexican liberals who implemented anti-clerical laws during the Reforma (1855–1861) and conservatives, who sought continuing privileges for the Catholic Church. The War of the Reform (1858–61) ended with the defeat of conservatives. Then the liberal government of Benito Juárez defaulted on foreign loans in 1861, opening the door to foreign intervention supported by Mexican conservatives. With the fall of the Second Mexican Empire, liberal presidents Benito Juárez and, following his death, Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada implemented anti-clerical laws with even greater zeal. - By contrast Porfirio Díaz was a political pragmatist and not an ideologue, likely seeing that if the religious question were re-opened there would be renewed political discord in Mexico and possible war with the U.S. -""Persecution of the Church, whether or not the clergy enters into the matter, means war, and such a war, the Government can win against its own people only through the humiliating, despotic, costly and dangerous support of the United States. Without its religion, Mexico is irretrievably lost.""[citation needed] - When he rebelled against Lerdo, Díaz had the tacit and perhaps the explicit support of the Church.[91] When he came to power in 1877, Díaz left the anticlerical laws in place, but the central government no longer enforced them. This modus vivendi with the Catholic Church was termed his ""conciliation policy.""[92] A key player in the conciliation policy was Eulogio Gillow y Zavala, a wealthy and well-connected cleric, whom Díaz met via agricultural expositions. Gillow's appointment as archbishop of Oaxaca, Díaz's home state, and his personal relationship with Díaz, positioned him to influence church-state relations in Mexico.[93] - The conciliation policy meant that the Catholic Church regained a level of freedom of action, but one not protected by the constitution, so that their loyalty or prudence in criticism of the Diáz regime, or both, were in the Church's best interest.[94] In a number of regions, the Church re-emerged, but others saw a less full role. Individual Mexican states in Mexico's federated republic could and did differ in their constitutions, a manifestation of Mexico's regional differences. Some states amended their constitutions to enshrine anticlerical measures of the Constitution of 1857, but ten states retained their constitutions without those amendments.[95] - Diaz strengthened the Mexican government ties with the Catholic Church with an agreement formulated in 1905.[citation needed] The Church's influence in Mexico increased while Díaz was in power. These institutional reforms included: administrative reorganization, improved training of the laity, the expansion of the Catholic press, an expansion of Catholic education, and the growth of the Church's influence in rural areas.[citation needed] The lack of enforcement of anticlerical laws by Diaz can also be partially attributed to the profound influence of his second wife, Carmen Romero Rubio, who was a devout Catholic. She became a go-between to alert ecclesiastical establishments, such as nunneries, if anticlerical forces attempted to enforce statues against the Church.[96] - During the late Porfiriato, the Jesuits were allowed to return to Mexico and they were to play an important role in twentieth-century political struggles in Mexico.[97] The Catholic Church recovered economically, with intermediaries holding land and buildings for it. It also pursued charity work inspired by Catholic social doctrine. In addition, it had newspapers promoting its positions. In 1895, the Virgin of Guadalupe was crowned ""Queen of Mexico"", in very public ceremonies.[98] In an apparent quid pro quo, the Fifth Provincial Council of Mexico ordered Mexican Catholics to ""obey civil authority.""[98] - Despite an increasingly visible role of the Catholic Church during the Porfiriato and much better Church-State relations, the Vatican was unsuccessful in getting the reinstatement of a formal relationship with the papacy.[99] It was not until 1992 under the presidency of Carlos Salinas de Gortari that the Holy See – Mexico relations were normalized.[100][101] - Although the anticlerical provisions of the liberal Constitution of 1857 theoretically remained in force, in fact, Díaz had come to a modus vivendi with the Catholic Church in the latter years of his presidency. As Díaz aged the question of presidential succession became important. Díaz ran again in 1910, despite previously saying he would not, but his initial announcement set off great political activity and the rise of Francisco Madero, a member of a rich, estate-owning family in the state of Coahuila. Anti-Díaz forces coalesced behind Madero, whom Díaz arrested and imprisoned prior to the election. - Madero escaped from jail, fled to the United States, and proclaimed the Plan of San Luis Potosí, calling for the ouster of Díaz. This was accomplished in May 1911 after a series of revolts in the north and in the state of Morelos, just 50 miles from Mexico City. With Díaz's ouster and exile, Madero was poised to take power in Mexico, but did so only after nationwide elections. The Catholic Church was already on edge about what changes might occur in this new government, perhaps particularly so since Madero himself was a follower of spiritism, and not obviously or even nominally Catholic. - Although Francisco Madero's 1910 Plan of San Luis Potosí called for the overthrow of the Díaz government, there was little in it explicitly addressing the Catholic Church or religion. However, the Church had concerns about the Plan's call for land reform, which might have affected properties held for the Church, but more alarming was the Plan's call to reform public education and expand it. Madero was not overtly anticlerical but many of his supporters were, and the Catholic Church saw the need to organize opposition. Under Madero this was possible, since as an ardent adherent of democracy, he valued the right and exercise of freedom of expression and association, including the formation of political parties. - The National Catholic Party in Mexico was organized with the support of the Church but not with its direct involvement in the interim between the exile of Díaz and the election of Madero. It advocated for ""fair elections, democracy, and the application of Catholic principles (as expressed in Rerum novarum and the Catholic congresses that had met to discuss these issues)"".[102] They were accused of actively disseminating information that undermined public confidence in Madero and his policies. Even before Madero had been officially elected president, the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico wrote his superiors in Washington that ""[t]he Roman Catholic Church and the party that takes its name have become violently antagonistic to Madero, and are busily engaged through the Republic in criticizing his motives, decrying his policies, and censuring the weakness and vacillation which is supposed to characterize his direction of affairs.""[103] Madero was elected in a landslide and took the oath of office, despite the National Catholic Party's attempt to undermine his popularity. - As a political novice who had never held office before becoming president, Madero found governing Mexico extremely challenging. In supporting freedom of the press, the Mexican press was ruthless in its criticisms of Madero. In supporting the formation of unions, unions struck and made life difficult for city dwellers. Peasants saw his inaction on land reform as a betrayal, and in Morelos Emiliano Zapata drew up the Plan of Ayala in opposition. There were revolts by former supporters, such as Pascual Orozco, suppressed by General Victoriano Huerta, who was a senior general under Díaz that Madero relied upon, having dismissed the revolutionary fighters who helped bring him to power, keeping the Federal Army. They were loyal to Madero right up to the point when they fomented a successful coup against him in February 1913. - The Federal Army, the Catholic hierarchy, and the National Catholic Party, along with supporters of the Porfirian order and international investors, as well as the government of the United States, supported the coup against Madero and his vice president, though their assassination was not necessarily anticipated. General Huerta became head of state, vowing to restore the Porfirian order, in what many have called a reactionary government. Catholic support was not uniform, however, with some objecting to the coup that ended Mexico's experiment in democracy.[104] However, the Church as an institution chose the losing side when it opted for Huerta. ""Catholics seemingly feared radicalism more than they feared dictatorship,"" in the view of one historian.[105] - Madero as a martyr to democracy did what he was unable to do since his election, that is, bring together disparate forces into action against Huerta's government, while the National Catholic Party and the clergy stood with it. When Huerta was ousted in 1914, the Catholic Church and the National Catholic Party suffered the consequences of its support of his government.[106] - The main faction in the north of Mexico was Constitutionalists, led by the governor of Coahuila and formerly part of the Díaz government, Venustiano Carranza. The Constitutionalists took their name from their support of the liberal Constitution of 1857, deeming the Huerta government illegitimate. Because the Catholic Church and the National Catholic Party had supported Huerta, they were a target of the liberal Constitutionalists. As with liberals in the nineteenth century who sought to reduce the Catholic Church's power, the Constitutionalist were not necessarily anti-Catholic or atheists. As one scholar assessed the Constitutionalists’ position, ""there seems to be no reason to reject the protestations of Mexican officials that the reform was not aimed at the Church in its spiritual sphere, but at the clergy in their temporal activities.""[107] Carranza himself was staunchly anticlerical. During the Constitutionalist struggle against Huerta as early October 1913, following the February Huerta coup, Carranza was clearly planning on strictly enforcing the Laws of the Reforma,[108] which had been ignored in the later Díaz regime, though not repealed. The Constitutionalist targeting of clergy, churches, and sacred objects was likely no surprise. -In areas controlled by the Constitutionalists, there was tremendous violence against church property and holy objects, including the smashing of religious statues and stabling horses in churches.[109] The practice was defended by a Constitutionalist general, who said it was ""for the deliberate purpose of showing the Indians that lightning would not strike – that the Constitutionalists were not the enemies of God as the priests told them.""[110] The Constitutionalists’ best general, Alvaro Obregón, took anticlerical measures when he entered Mexico City in triumph, imposing a fine of 500,000 pesos on the Church to be paid to the Revolutionary Council for Aid to the People. He also jailed and expelled nearly 200 clerics in Mexico City.[111] - Venustiano Carranza assumed the presidency on May 1, 1915, but the country was not at peace. Emiliano Zapata and peasants in Morelos continued fighting against the central government. The differences between the revolutionaries of northern Mexico and those in the center and south were significant and made the conflict regional. Those fighting in Morelos were peasants seeking the return of their lands. Rather than armies of movement, as in the north of Mexico, the fighters were guerrillas.[112] - A significant difference between the Zapatistas and the Constitutionalists was cultural, since the Zapatistas fought under the banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe and often had a picture of her or other saints on their big hats ""to protect them"".[113] Many leftist intellectuals and northern Constitutionalists disdained the Zapatistas as too Indian, too Catholic, the embodiment of traditional Mexico that the liberals sought to transform and modernize. In Morelos, priests were not persecuted, and some actively supported the guerrilla struggle. The priest in Cuautla typed the first copy of the Plan of Ayala; a priest gave Zapata his beautiful horse for the war. In Tepoztlán, the priest translated Nahuatl documents from Zapata's home community of Anenecuilco.[113] Alvaro Obregón organized urban workers in ""Red Battalions"" to go to Morelos to fight the Zapatistas as well as the followers of Pancho Villa in the north.[114] The Zapatistas have the distinction of opposing every government from Díaz to Madero to Huerta to Carranza for failing to protect and restore their lands to them. Carranza's solution to the problem was to arrange Zapata's assassination in 1919, effectively ending the struggle in Morelos against the central government. - The revolutionary faction that won the Mexican Revolution began to consolidate power after 1917. The Constitution of 1917 strengthened the State's power against the Church. For the first two presidents, Venustiano Carranza (1915–1920) and Álvaro Obregón (1920–24), the State could have rigorously enforced anticlerical provisions, but there were many pressing issues to deal with in consolidating power and likely they were unwilling to provoke conflict with the Church at this juncture. Under President Calles (1924–28), and continued dominance in power when he ruled as Maximum Chief, there was extreme Church-State conflict. Calles was determined to enforce the anticlerical articles of the Constitution. The conflict was ended by mediation in 1929. Under the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40) there was less conflict. With his successor, Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–1946), Church-State relations entered a new period of conciliation, similar to the Porfiriato. - The 1917 Mexican Constitution included many anti-clerical elements. Five elements in this Constitution were aimed at reducing the Catholic Church's influence in Mexican domestic affairs. Article 3 enforced secular education in Mexican schools. Monastic vows and orders were outlawed in Article 5. Article 24 prevented public worship outside the confines of the Church buildings. According to article 27, religious institutions were denied the right to acquire, hold, or administer real property. Furthermore, all real estate held by religious institutions through third parties, like hospitals and schools, was declared national property. Finally in article 130, it declared all basic civil responsibilities like voting or commenting on public affairs was taken away from Church officials. But Article 130's most important legal power against the Church was that it declared the State the final arbiter of public religious worship, including the power to limit the number of priests and requiring priests to register with the government as ""professionals"". Mexican bishops protested the articles from their exile in Texas and continued to object to the anticlerical articles in subsequent years.[115] The Mexican government was firm in their attempt to eliminate the Catholic Church's legal existence in Mexico, but that led to decades-long conflict between Church and State. The Church immediately rejected the constitution and ""call[ed] on Catholics to fight for its abolition.""[116] The constitution did not ban the Church as an institution, or prevent Mexicans from practicing Catholicism, but it forced some Catholics into a dilemma of respecting civil law or their conscience when the government enforced the anticlerical laws the 1920s. Some Catholics took up arms against the government.[117] - When Northern caudillo Plutarco Elías Calles was elected president in 1924, he was determined to enforce the constitutional provisions on religion. Calles was a known anticlerical, more fanatical in his ideology than many other Constitutionalists, perhaps because he felt the sting of his status as a natural son of parents who had not married in the Church, nor had they bothered to baptize him; his father had abandoned him and his mother died when he was three.[118] Some scholars view his illegitimacy as fundamentally shaping his attitude toward religion and the Catholic Church.[119] - His Sonoran origins also likely played a factor in his stance against the Catholic Church, since the North was far less traditionally Catholic than what some called ""Old Mexico"", the Center and South, with large indigenous populations, many large sized cities, and a strong Church presence dating from the sixteenth century. In the North there were vast spaces with few cities or towns and an indigenous population that was largely nomadic and converted to Christianity via the few missions established in the region. Also not to be discounted is the influence of the United States, a largely Protestant country but with separation of Church and State, and the efforts of mainline, U.S.-based Protestants in northern Mexico, who in the nineteenth century saw Mexico as a country ripe for the message of Protestant missionaries.[120] A small but significant number of Protestants participated in the Mexican Revolution and they saw the diminution of the power of the Catholic Church aiding their own cause.[121] - In June 1926, Calles enacted a decree often referred to as ""Calles Law.""[122] Under this provision, Article 130 of the 1917 Mexican Constitution was to be enforced. Catholic Church officials were not only alarmed by the suddenness of Calles's decision, but also by the profound shift in Church-State interactions. - The crux of the conflict for the Church hierarchy was the assertion of State power over the autonomy of the Church in personnel matters. The State decreed the compulsory registration of the clergy and thereby put priests under the authority of the State rather than the Catholic hierarchy. The State could and did limit the number and nationality of clergy permitted in the country. Foreign priests were denied licenses. Although the Church had seminaries in Mexico that trained priests for placement in Mexico, there were many foreign priests, particularly from Spain, who were excluded from Mexico on nationalist grounds. In theory the State could have approved Mexican priests who were unacceptable to the Catholic hierarchy. - By enforcing regulations that deemed priests as professionals like doctors or lawyers, the State asserted its power to control the institution but it also challenged the Church's function in the spiritual sphere. The Church had already ceased to contest the constitutional restrictions on its holding real property, forcing the sale of its landed estates during the liberal Reforma. Nineteenth-century liberal priests, such as José María Luis Mora, and conservative intellectual and politician Lucas Alamán, supported the diminution of Church power in the economic sphere, but not the spiritual sphere.[123] - The suppression of the Church included the closing of many churches and the killing or forced marriage of priests. The persecution was most severe in Tabasco under the atheist governor Tomás Garrido Canabal. Events relating to this were famously portrayed in the novel The Power and the Glory by Graham Greene.[124][125] - In 1926, the Church hierarchy declared what was in essence a clerical strike, ceasing to say Mass or administer the sacraments. For the Mexican faithful, the suspension of the sacraments brought the Church-State conflict into their daily lives. The episcopal hierarchy supported boycotts on businesses, petitioned the government to not implement the proposed changes, and used other peaceful means of persuading and pressuring the State. Those who took up arms in the Cristero Rebellion did not receive the support of the Mexican Catholic hierarchy. In Michoacan, Archbishop Leopoldo Ruiz y Flóres refused to support the revolt and was accused of cowardliness and even freemasonry.[126][127][128] However, the archbishop has been seen as being ""guided by a keener appreciation of the ultimate realities of power than were those adamant clerics who pressed the Church to engage in mortal combat.""[129] When the Church-State negotiations resulted in the Arreglos that did not change the anticlerical articles of the constitution but did result in a modus vivendi similar to that in the Porfiriato, Archbishop Ruiz y Flores supported them.[130] - Even though Archbishop Ruiz did not support the Cristeros’ resort to violence, he did advocate a response that profoundly affected the relations between the hierarchy and the laity. Since priests were the target of State action and since church buildings were no longer available for celebration of the sacraments, the archbishop enacted practices that in many ways harkened back to the early Church, with a more empowered laity and decentralized, secret worship, often in people's homes. Lay women in some cases became religious leaders in their communities, leading the liturgy of worship but in the absence of a priest, there was no communion. Catholics were urged to strengthen their inner faith, but for those who engaged in violent action what they wanted was the Church's blessing.[131] As a long-term strategy, the archbishop put confidence in the survival of the faith, despite the political assault by the Mexican state. For most in rural Mexico, religion was an integral way of being, what urban secular Mexicans considered the ""superstition"" of backward peasants and a key reason that attacks on the Catholic Church as an institution were necessary to modernize Mexico. - For the Catholic laity, the restrictions on their ability to exercise freedom of worship in public settings and the closure of churches in their communities may have had greater resonance than the matter of State regulation of the clergy. Community celebrations of their patron saint, processions, pilgrimage to religious sites, and other visible manifestations of religious belief undermined the essence of many rural communities. The absence of a priest to baptize children, prepare Catholics for confirmation, hear confession, perform marriages, and administer the last rites of Extreme Unction before death, meant that the rhythm of the sacramental life cycle for individuals and their families as well as their larger community was being suppressed. -Lay organizations became important during the crisis, a strategy of the hierarchy to strengthen Catholic resistance without the hierarchy's direct intervention, But there is also evidence of widespread lay Catholic desire to passively resist the anticlerical measures, as opposed to the active and often violent resistance of the Cristero fighters. - A coalition of urban groups was brought together under the umbrella of the National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty, created in 1925, in the early part of Calles's presidential term, but prior to the 1926 promulgation of the Calles Law that same year. The Mexico City-based organization was created by former members of the short-lived National Catholic Party (Partido Católico Nacional);[132] the Union of Mexican Catholic Ladies (Unión de Damas Católicas Mexicanas); a Catholic student organization, the Jesuit-led Catholic Association of Mexican Youth (Asociación Católica de la Juventud Mexicana, ACJM); the Knights of Columbus; the National Parents' Association; and the National Catholic Labor Confederation.[133] The League had by June of its founding year 1925 about 36,000 members and chapters in almost every state of the country.[134] - In 1912, Catholic women had organized themselves in Mexico City into the Union of Mexican Catholic Ladies (Unión de Damas Católicos Mexicanas, UDCM), ""as a nonpolitical lay organization dedicated to re-Catholicizing Mexican society.""[135] Their work during the military phase of the Mexican Revolution (1910–17) had been more in the social realm rather than the political, attempting to aid the urban poor who had suffered under Porfirio Díaz's economic policies.[102] These Mexican elite women were responding to the 1891 papal encyclical Rerum novarum for Catholic activism on behalf of the poor and working class against the new challenge of industrialization and capitalism. Their aid of the poor was an extension of their family role as Catholic nurturers and educators in the domestic sphere. - Both lay and religious women also performed valuable services to the Catholic community in a less formalized fashion. They took leadership roles during the unsettled times that made priests the target of regulation and persecution, as an extraordinary measure, but that empowerment has been seen to have affected the emergence of different roles for Catholic women in the twentieth century.[136] - After three years’ of widespread violence (1926–1929), the U.S. brokered an agreement (Arreglos) that can be seen as an armistice between Church and State, since the anticlerical constitutional articles remained in force, but the Arreglos brought the conflict to an end. Brokered by the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, Dwight W. Morrow, Calles and the Mexican Catholic hierarchy came to an agreement that left the anticlerical elements of the Constitution of 1917 in place, but brought an end to the conflict.[137] Many Cristero fighters and supporters of the Church saw the hierarchy's settlement as ""cowardly"" and selling out the Church. However, it has been argued that the long-term interests of the Church were forwarded by coming to the settlement given that the State had backed away from its enforcement of the anticlerical articles of the Constitution.[138] - Although the Church hierarchy at the time did not support Cristero violence, it did recognize some of those who died fighting for religious rights in Mexico. In September 1988 the Vatican beatified Father Miguel Pro, who had been summarily executed in crucifix posture; further beatifications and some canonizations occurred in 2000 and 2005, considered Saints of the Cristero War. This recognition can be considered in the context of Mexican national politics. In the July 1988 presidential elections, the Institutional Revolutionary Party, which had evolved from the party Calles had founded in 1929, was elected by the narrowest of margins and by fraudulent means. President Carlos Salinas de Gortari announced in his December 1988 inaugural address that he would ""modernize"" Mexico and led the process to change the Mexican constitution, including most of its anticlerical provisions, that was passed in 1992.[5] By 2000, the Vatican likely perceived no danger in recognizing Catholics who had participated in the conflict. - The effects of the war on the Church were profound. Between 1926 and 1934 at least 40 priests were killed.[139] There were 4,500 priests serving the people before the rebellion, but by 1934 there were only 334 priests licensed by the government to serve fifteen million people.[139][140] The rest had been eliminated by emigration, expulsion and assassination.[139][141] By 1935, 17 states had no priest at all.[142] - By the time Lázaro Cárdenas was elected president of Mexico in 1934, the Mexican government had backed away from its enforcement of many of the anticlerical articles of the constitution. However the articles and enforcing statutes remained on the books. In the midst of the Great Depression, it seemed prudent to deal with matters other than the role of the Catholic Church in Mexican life. Although Cárdenas was elected, Calles doubtless expected to continue to be the actual power behind the presidency during the period of the Maximato. Cárdenas accepted the political platform of the new PNR as his own, campaigned on it, and his first cabinet was essentially chosen by Calles. So there was the potential for continued Church-State conflict. The Church-State situation began deteriorating. In 1935, the government nationalized every Church building used in any way to forward its mission, including private homes that had been used for religious services (""house churches"") or for religious schools, as well as bookstores selling religious books.[143] - A less confrontational policy of the government was its encouragement of Protestant missionaries in Mexico, in an attempt to create religious competition and undermine the power of the Catholic Church. Cárdenas welcomed the benignly named Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) in 1936, a division of the Wycliffe Bible Translators whose linguists translated the Bible into a plethora of languages. The SIL began work in southern Mexico, a region of large indigenous populations with strong religious traditions, where the SIL produced Bibles in indigenous languages.[144] From this small group, Protestantism in Mexico began to spread. - In 1936, rather than Church-State relations going from bad to worse, Cárdenas changed the government's approach to one of conciliation. He said ""The government will not commit the error of previous administrations by considering the religious question as a problem of preeminence to other issues involved in the national program. Antireligious campaigns would only result in further resistance and definitely postpone economic revival.""[145] This was a major policy change in Mexico, but it is also significant that it was reported in the New York Times. The implementation of the policy was marked by statements of the Secretary of the Interior (Gobernación) that religious liberty and freedom of conscience would be respected and that the government would not provoke conflict with the Church. These were also reported in the New York Times.[146] - There were changes in the Church hierarchy during this period, with the death of Archbishop of Mexico Díaz and the resignation of the Apostolic Delegate Archbishop Ruiz y Flores, both of whom had played decisive roles during the height of Church-State conflict under Calles. The Vatican appointed Luis María Martínez as Archbishop of Mexico, who was considered ""a realist who believed in moderation in the defense of the Church's rights and interests.""[147] - The change in government policy and the new leader of Mexico's Church hierarchy implementing a policy of flexibility with the government, resulted in an effective policy of conciliation. For Cárdenas, this new relationship meant that when he nationalized oil in March 1938, the Church not only supported Cárdenas's move, but Cárdenas also publicly acknowledged the Church's cooperation a month later.[148][149] - Earlier in the 1930s, the Mexican government under Cárdenas attempted to impose socialist education, emphasizing Marxist thought including the idea of class conflict. This imposition of a particular ideology was destabilizing in Mexico, which had just experienced the religious crisis of the 1920s, and mobilized an array of middle class opponents, including Catholics.[150] At the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the Jesuit-founded Unión Nacional de Estudiantes Católicos (UNEC – National Union of Catholic Students) founded in 1931 mobilized to resist the government's push. The rector of UNAM, Manuel Gómez Morín, who had held other posts in post-revolution Mexico, was concerned about the government's attack on academic freedom and freedom of thought. Gómez Morín encountered in UNEC the leaders who successfully thwarted implementation of socialist education at UNAM. This alliance between Gómez Morín and UNEC had enduring consequences, becoming the foundation for the creation of the National Action Party of Mexico (PAN), in 1939. Although not directly connected to the Catholic hierarchy, the PAN was an independent, pro-democratic, nonviolent, opposition political party with many Catholic members.[151][150] - Two Catholic universities were founded to give Catholic students an alternative to socialist education at public universities. The Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara was founded in 1935 and the Universidad Iberoamericana was founded in Mexico City in 1943. The university in Guadalajara was established during the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas, when church-state tensions were still quite evident. The establishment of the Universidad Iberoamericana was facilitated by the rector of UNAM, Rodolfo Brito Foucher, who along with many academics saw the imposition of socialist education as an infringement on academic freedom. Brito Foucher was a lawyer and had headed UNAM's faculty of law. In his reading of the Constitution of 1917 on the restrictions on the Church being involved with education, he noted the restrictions only applied to primary and secondary education. Founding a Catholic university, therefore, was not in violation of the constitution. Although UNAM's rector played an important role, the establishment of Catholic institutions of higher learning could not have gone forward without the approval of the hierarchy.[152] In 1940 Manuel Avila Camacho came to the presidency openly identifying as Catholic. He effectively put an end to church-state tensions, and during his term the constitutional amendment mandating social education was repealed.[150] The founding of two Catholic universities in this period is an important step toward a different relationship between church and state regarding education. - With the cessation of open conflict between Church and State beginning with the Avila Camacho presidency (1940–46), the Catholic Church entered a new period of growth and consolidation. The modus vivendi was the result of both Church and State realizing that further conflict was damaging to both, and the government might have seen a better relationship with the Church as fostering legitimacy for the regime.[150] The president's actions ""established the concept of conciliation as an acceptable policy in the political arena, generating a climate favorable to a more open implementation of the conciliation strategy.""[153] The number of functioning churches doubled during these four decades, as did the number of seminaries training Mexican priests. The number of priests tripled, which matched the growth in Mexico's population which was rapidly urbanizing.[154] A conservative, pro-Catholic political party had been established in 1939, the National Action Party, and the Church began urging parishioners to vote for the PAN in a number of elections, starting in 1955. Some clerics criticized the government's economic development strategy, but in general, the Church did not intervene in civil matters in any major way.[155] - The Catholic Church and the Mexican government had visibly warming relations, with President Luis Echeverría (1970–76) visiting Pope Paul VI in 1974 and the president's support for the new basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.[156] When Pope John Paul II visited Mexico in 1979 as part of the Conference of Latin American Bishops' gathering in Puebla, President Miguel López Portillo (1976–82) gave the pope a warm welcome even though this was not a state visit.[157] - The top echelons of the hierarchy sought to continue the modus vivendi in Mexico, but as the Catholic Church underwent changes as a result of the Second Vatican Council, so too did a number of Mexican bishops and laypeople. The bishop of Cuernavaca, Sergio Méndez Arceo, initially appointed in 1953, became an active adherent of liberation theology. He promoted the creation of grassroots ecclesial base communities that promoted a new way of the laity to engage in their faith by promoting their activism.[158] This was similar to the rise of such lay groups under Church supervision in Brazil and in Central America.[159] Méndez Arceo on his own account investigated the circumstances of prisoners following the 1968 student movement, Mexico 68, mobilized around opposition to the 1968 Olympics hosted in Mexico, but expanding to become a larger critique and mobilization against the Mexican state. His report to the Mexican hierarchy received no action, in keeping with the hierarchy's policy to maintain its modus vivendi with the state.[160] - Two other major clerics influenced by Vatican II were Adalberto Almeida y Merino, bishop of Zacatecas at the time of Vatican II, and Manuel Talamás Camandari, head of the Mexican Social Secretariat, an entity under the control of the hierarchy that dealt with social issues. Both men attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council and the two drafted a major critique of Mexican social policy. ""The Development and Integration of our Country"" was a pastoral letter that addressed marginalization of Mexicans and income inequality during Mexico's rapid period of growth, the so-called Mexican Miracle.[161] Bishop Almeida participated in the 1968 meeting of the Conference of Latin American Bishops in Medellín, Colombia, which Pope Paul VI attended. Significant documents articulating liberation theology were drawn up at the meeting, with Almeida helping draft documents on justice and peace.[162] - The bishop of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Samuel Ruiz also became an important advocate for liberation theology in his poor, southern Mexican diocese. He attended Vatican II, as well as a 1971 bishops' retreat attended by Peruvian cleric Gustavo Gutiérrez, who wrote the seminal text on liberation theology; Sergio Méndez Arceo, bishop of Cuernavaca; and Salvadoran bishop Óscar Romero.[162] Ruiz's diocese had a high proportion of indigenous Mayan parishioners. As he came to know his diocese better, he paid increasing attention to the marginalization and oppression of the Maya. In keeping with the move toward the formation of grassroots ecclesial base communities, Bishop Ruiz actively promoted them.[163] In 1989 he founded the Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas Center of Human Rights, as a step to push back against violence against indigenous and poor peasants.[164] When the 1994 rebellion in Chiapas erupted, Ruiz was named as a mediator between the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) and the Mexican government. His role was a significant departure from government practice of working with the Catholic hierarchy, but not giving them power. - The passage above mentions the different bishops that played the role of liberationists in Mexico. Though this is important, Liberation Theology in Mexico is much deeper and will be explained in the following information. Liberation Theology as one could put it is a call to action. This call to action would lead to a huge change for the Catholic church and the indigenous people, especially the poor, living in Latin America. Liberation Theology established progressive ideologies with Catholic teachings. One bishop described liberation theology as a “progressive prototype of Catholic faith-an enlightened Christianity that is organic to people's way of life and empowers them to work for social justice for themselves and for others in their community.”[165] Liberation Theology is said to have two different strategies: one using interpreting catholic the gospel to contemporary problems and how the faithful should take action on these problems.[166] - One of the bigger actions that were taken was the establishment of Christian Base Communities (CEB). CEBs were initially encouraged by the Catholic Church in Mexico, due to reasons such as the deficiency of priests and nuns in Mexico particularly in the rural areas. As well as the church was worried about the growing number of protestants.[166] - CEBs provided an opportunity for aid for many of the Mexican communities. In addition to rural areas, CEBs flourished in places with high places of poverty, extremely low unemployment rates, alarming overall malnutrition, and more. For example, in communities in a CEB in Santa Cecilia, Guadalajara, and San Juanito, Oaxaca, In the 1970s in San Juanito, the CEB in Santa Cecilia was led by hundreds of working-class women in the community. They provided aid to the community in a variety of different ways from improving water infrastructure to creating a night school for adults. It wasn't just aid that was provided but the education of progressive ideologies such as gender equality. For example, the community had weekly group discussions and sometimes workshops that reflected on sexism and relationships between men and women.[167] Another CEB that played an important role in its community was in San Juanito, Oaxaca, Mexico. - The first establishment in San Juanito was in 1980 but started to see growth with the arrival of Maryknoll nuns in 1982. The CEB in San Juanito did a number of great things to improve daily life for the community. For example, they set up agriculture practices such as planting crops, setting up health nutrition classes, and weekly meetings discussing peoples' daily problems.[166] The CEBs were not the only contribution to come out of Liberation Theology in Mexico, but also the emergence of radical progressive movements. - Another idea that came out Liberation Theology was the idea for The Preferential Option for the Poor. The idea would be incorporated with Catholic women's organizations and a foundation to help the strugglers of the workers, peasants, farmers, railroad workers and more. Priests involved with this concept, would also reached out to wealthy catholics and people with the power of influence to reconsider their belief in Catholicism and look to help their fellow Catholics who suffer.[168] Based on the idea of the theological idea of the option for the people emerged two progressive movements political popular and priest for the people. - Before explaining the different radical movements, it is important to mention one Jesuit Priest Rodolfo Escamilla García. Escamilla García was one of the prominent radical priests or the ""rebellious priests."" Such as movements such priests for the people Garcia joined Mexican Social Secretariat in 1952 and was the founder of the Juventud Obrera Católica (Catholic Workers’Youth, JOC). He advocated the radical “See, Judge, Act” form of socio-religious activism method for public action.[168] Such as priests like García were radical thinkers that would have a large role in the lives of people in Mexican communities educating them on issues such as social justice. Although, some paid the cost by imprisonment, torture, and at worst death.[168] As for García, he was seen as a threat to the Mexican Government that was a PRI (Institutionalized Revolutionary Party), which sided with a very conservative Church and Escamilla García was violently murdered by the Mexican Government in Mexico City in 1977.[168] That same year, Mexico saw another killing of another priest, Rodolfo Aguilar Álvarez. Aguilar Alvarez was from Chihuahua and who offered his support to a group of forcibly displaced Campesinos. - As mentioned above, some radical priests prided themselves on educating people on the leftist ideologies. Such ideologies include Maoism and Marxism. In 1971, it was the priests in Torreón who brought in the Política Popular (PP) Maoists, and together they had a large influence on the people primarily the students in La Laguna. Throughout 1971-1974, students would be influenced by Maoist activists who would in infiltrate their schools by even becoming their teachers. Their influence would lead to a long string of student protests. The range of ages of students were from high school to college where they protested by marching in the streets to even the suspension of classes. The priests and the maoists combined the new Catholic teachings post-Vatican II and the political beliefs of the Maoism all circulating back to the belief of helping the people and poor. Many of the protests were fighting for better conditions for the working class and especially the poor as well.[169] Even the Bishop of Torreon, Fernando Romo declared that “We have to understand that, in case of doubt, Christians should always act on behalf of those in need because that was the position of our Lord Jesus Christ.”[169] Along with Política Popular, Sacerdotes para el Pueblo (Priest for the People, SPP) was also another prominent radical clerical movement in Mexico. SPP was founded in 1972, by a group of theologians who very embraced the Preferential Option for the Poor and socialism. Headed by Dominican Alex Morell, and the movement was centralized around four main goals: The strengthening ties with the popular sectors of society; helping them succeed at economic and political independence from caciques and political parties; educating them the foundations of liberation theology as useful tools to improve their everyday lives; and calling for a socialist alternative to capitalism.[168] The movement ultimately folded in 1975 due to pressure from higher ecclesiastical authority and the violence that priests were facing.[168] - From 1969 to 1990, the Bishops of Southern Mexico (including Bishop Samuel Ruiz) worked together to operate the Regional Seminary of the Southeast (el Seminario Regional del Sureste, SERESURE). Located in the town of Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico, SERESURE intended to train priests to be active participants in solving the problems pervasive in the indigenous countryside of southern Mexico such as ""economic and political marginalization, caciquismo, land loss, and environmental degradation.""[170] They set up the seminary to work with the indigenous people. Scholars argue that SERESURE work on pastoral training separated themselves from other seminaries. This was due to SERESURE’s consistent emphasis on socially aware pastoral work along with hosting annual conferences on indigenous pastoral work. The training in SERESURE focused on three pillars: theological training, intellectual training, and pastoral formation. They believed instead of them teaching the indigenous people about god in their life, the indigenous should be the ones to figure out themselves with the help of the seminary, to be ""agents of their own liberation.""[171] - Liberation Theology was making progress in Mexico improving the lives of the indigenous people’s and their societies as different Church workers and scholars would come and go.[172] In the 1980s, there would be shift in the Catholic church and the Vatican would eventually lean away from Liberation theology which led to a clampdown on Liberation Theology.[173] - In 1979 with the election of Pope John Paul II, the Polish-born prelate began to systematically dismantle liberation theology. Italian cleric Girolamo Prigione had been appointed in 1978 as the pope's representative in Mexico. With the papacy of John Paul II, he became a key instrument in reining in of activist bishops who had a liberationist stance. In Cuernavaca, liberationist Sergio Méndez Arceo was replaced by Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo, who dismantled the liberationist programs in the diocese and promoted charismatic Catholicism.[174] Over time, Prigione helped the Vatican select 31 new bishops whose theological outlook was acceptable to the Vatican, basically replacing liberationist bishops with conservative ones.[174] But also important was the Vatican's practice of assigning administrative coadjutors to dioceses and archdioceses, which undermined the power of those bishops who were outspoken and activist. These included Bartolomé Carrasco, bishop of Tapachula in Southern Mexico; Manuel Talamás, bishop of Ciudad Juárez; and Adalberto Almeida y Merino of archbishop of Chihuahua.[175] - In the 1980s, the Church in Chihuahua began to take an activist stance on creating a new civic culture in which citizen participation was aimed at promoting clean elections and rule of law.[176] In Chihuahua, Archbishop Adalberto Almeida y Merino began to be outspoken against electoral fraud and government corruption. Almeida issued a document in 1983 entitled ""Vote with Responsibility: A Christian Orientation,"" in which the archbishop urged citizens to vote. Voter apathy had become a problem in Mexico, since many citizens saw the process as corrupt and assumed their vote would not count. Almeida called upon voters to participate and then continue involvement by monitoring winners’ performance in office.[177] This document was the reassertion of the Church's right to ""evangelize the totality of human existence including the political dimension.""[178] The archbishop did not explicitly advocate for a particular party, although the National Action Party was gaining increasing numbers of votes in northern Mexico. In the municipal elections in Chihuahua that year, voter participation increased significantly and the Institutional Revolutionary Party's candidates fared badly. This touched off an attack by the PRI, that denounced Church participation in elections, and a response from Almeida criticizing the PRI's characterization, saying that their ""vision, in addition to being unjust, ingenuous, and arrogant, inevitably leads to an absolutist conception of power, with the consequent destruction of democracy.""[179] - During the 1980s the National Action Party (Mexico) began to expand its voter base from mainly Catholics to one of the larger Mexican middle class. In Chihuahua, the PAN gained a larger share of votes, and in 1986, was widely expected to win the gubernatorial election. The PAN did not win, due to rigging of the vote, which the PRI justified as ""patriotic fraud.""[180] Immediately after the election, Archbishop Almeida preached a powerful sermon, cast as the parable of the Good Samaritan, but its meaning was clear, that the voters of Chihuahua had been mugged and brutalized by the PRI's actions.[181] Almeida went further and planned on closing churches in Chihuahua in protest. The Apostolic Delegate in Mexico, Girolamo Prigione, the closest official to a papal ambassador since Mexico and the Vatican had no diplomatic relations, overruled the archbishop. Prigione did not want to see another wave of anticlericalism in Mexico by allowing the church closure.[181] However, the stance that the Church took in challenging electoral fraud in Chihuahua gained it greater legitimacy amongst ordinary Mexicans who also sought to have free and fair elections. - The 1988 election in Mexico was a watershed event. For the first time there were three viable candidates for the presidency, Carlos Salinas de Gortari, an economist and technocrat from the dominant PRI; Manuel Clouthier, a charismatic figure of the PAN; and Cuauhtemoc Cárdenas, the son of President Lázaro Cárdenas, who split from the PRI to form a leftist coalition. The election was again widely seen to have fraudulent results, with Salinas winning, but with the smallest margin ever. Cárdenas and Clouthier and their supporters protested the election results, but Salinas took office in December 1988. Salinas transformed Church-State relations in Mexico during his term and the Vatican and the PAN became important players in that transformation. - Religion was an issue in the 1988 elections, with the leftist newspaper La Jornada surveying the prospective candidates about their stance on religious freedom in Mexico.[182] Technocrat Carlos Salinas de Gortari declined to answer the survey and Mexican bishops were concerned about Salinas's attitude toward Church-State relations.[183] The presidential election took an unexpected turn, with the bolting of Cuauhtemoc Cárdenas from the Institutional Revolutionary Party to become a candidate. Mexican bishops urged Mexican voters to ""overcome apathy"" and fight electoral fraud by participation in the election.[183] The election result of a Salinas victory was almost universally considered to be fraudulent. The Mexican bishops did not make public statements about the election results. Behind the scenes the apostolic delegate to Mexico, Prigione, Mexican bishops, and government officials had a series of secret meetings that hammered out the outlines of a new Church-State relationship. At this point, the PRI needed an ally to shore up its wavering grip on power, and the Church proved to be such an ally. It has been considered a quid pro quo agreement.[184] Sometime during the presidential campaign, the PRI had indicated to the Church that a Salinas victory would be beneficial to the Church.[185] A delegation of the leadership of the episcopal hierarchy attended the inauguration of Salinas on December 1, 1988.[186] - In his inaugural address, Salinas de Gortari announced a program to ""modernize"" Mexico via structural transformation. ""The modern state is a state which ... maintains transparency and updates its relation with political parties, entrepreneurial groups, and the church.""[187] His declaration was an articulation of the direction of change, but not list of specifics. - The implementation of reforms entailed amending the constitution, but before that overcoming opposition on the Left and also in the Catholic Church itself.[189] After considerable debate, the Mexican legislature voted for these fundamental revisions in Church-State policy.[190][191] - The Constitution of 1917 had several anticlerical restrictions. Article 5 restricted the existence of religious orders; Article 24 restricted church services outside of church buildings; Article 27 empowered the State over fundamental aspects of property ownership and resulted in expropriation and distribution of lands, and most famously in 1938, the expropriation of foreign oil companies. Article 27 also prevented churches from holding real property at all. For the Catholic hierarchy, Article 130 prevented the recognition of the Church as a legal entity, denied to clergy the exercise of political rights, and prevented the Church from participating in any way in political matters. - The Church had contested all these restrictions from the beginning. With the possibility of changed relations between Church and State, ""the main demand of the Catholic hierarchy was centered on the modification of Article 130"" to recognize the Church as a legal entity, restore political rights to priests, and to end restrictions ""on the social actions of the Church and its members.""[189] The initial reaction to changing the constitution was quite negative from members of the Institutional Revolutionary Party who saw anticlericalism as an inherent element of post-Revolution Mexico. It was clear that given the contested nature of the 1988 elections that Salinas could not expect to operate with a mandate for his program. However, the debate was now open. The leftists led by Cárdenas opposed any change in the anticlerical articles of the constitution, since they were seen as the foundation for the power of the secular state. However, the National Action Party (Mexico) in alliance with the weakened PRI became allies to move toward fundamental reforms. - The Vatican likely sensed a sea-change and in 1990 John Paul II visited Mexico for the first time since 1979 for the Puebla conference of Latin American bishops. After the announcement of his intentions, the Mexican Minister of the Interior (Gobernación) stated flatly that the government would not amend Article 130. Nonetheless, the Mexican government began moves to normalize diplomatic relations with the Vatican. The pope's second 1990 trip in May put increased pressure on the Mexican government to take steps to normalization, particularly after the Vatican and the Soviet Union did so that year. Although Salinas planned a trip to the Vatican in 1991, the Catholic hierarchy in Mexico did not want normalization of relations with the Vatican without discussion of significant changes to the constitution.[192] - An even more significant change came when in his official state of the nation address in November 1991, Salinas stated that ""the moment has come to promote new judicial proceedings for the churches,"" which were impelled by the need ""to reconcile the definitive secularization of our society with effective religious freedom.""[192] The government proposed changes to the constitution to ""respect freedom of religion,"" but affirmed the separation of Church and State and kept in place secular public education as well as restrictions on clerics’ political participation in civic life and accumulating wealth.[192] - The bill to amend the constitution was submitted to the legislature to reform Articles 3, 5, 24, and 130.[193] The bill passed in December 1991 with the support of the conservative National Action Party (PAN). The enabling legislation was debated far more than the initial bill, but in July 1992, the Ley de Asociaciones Religiosas y Culto Público (Religious Associations Act), the implementation legislation, passed 408–10. The leftist Partido Revolucionario Democrático struggled with whether to support this significant change to Mexico's anticlericalism, but most PRD legislators did in the end.[194] - Although the legislation was inclusive of all ""religious associations"", the Catholic Church in Mexico had been the object of the government's regulation of religious institutions, worship, and personnel.[195] Protestant groups remained largely silent during the debates, although in both theory and practice they would be affected. Evangelical churches suffered initially with the new regulations, since in order for a religious group to register with the government, it has to have been functioning for five years and have sufficient property to support itself.[196] - In 1993, Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo of Guadalajara was shot 14 times at point blank range at the international city's airport, as he waited in his car for the arrival of the apostolic nuncio. The Mexican government claimed that the cardinal's murder was the result of mistaken identity by narcotrafficker hitmen.[197] The Catholic hierarchy has disputed the story and during the presidency of Vicente Fox (2000–06), the investigation was re-opened but with no definitive results. The US Congress also held hearings on the case in 2006.[198] - Several cases of sexual abuse of minors by priests have come to light. The best known case is that of Marcial Maciel, founder of the Legion of Christ. Father Maciel was accused of abusing dozens of boys over a period of fifty years; although he was never convicted of a crime and always maintained his innocense, both the Legion of Christ and the Catholic Church apologized for his actions and the coverup after his death. In December 2019 the Legion admitted that 33 priests had sexually abused at least 175 children ages 11–16 between 1941 and 2019. Sixty of the cases were related to Maciel and the total does not include 90 pupils abused by 54 seminrians.[199] - Cardinal Norberto Rivera Carrera was pressured into retirement in 2007 after he was accused of covering-up sexual abuse.[200][201] - In 2012, Fr. Manuel Ramírez García was accused of abusing thirteen children in San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo Leon.[202] Fr. Carlos López Valdez of Tlalpan, Mexico City, was sentenced to 60 years of prison in 2018 for abusing a boy.[203] Fr. Luis Esteban Zavala Rodríguez of the Diocese of Irapuato was convicted of raping a 12-year-old girl in 2019; he received 65 years in prison.[204] - Since 2012, the violence by narcotraffickers has widened to include Catholic priests; those in the southern state of Guerrero are particularly at risk. The Catholic hierarchy in the state issued a plea to the Mexican government to deal with drug violence.[205] A Mexican sociologist, Bernardo Barranco, states that ""the rise of violence against priests reflects the role in which they place themselves: as warriors on the front lines of the struggle for human rights in the midst of drug-related violence.""[206] - Pope Francis in his visit to Mexico was criticized by some for his effort to not antagonize the government. ""He focused on one of his main talking points, inequality, while skipping any thorny local political issues.""[207] But at the USA border in Ciudad Juárez, he ""delivered a stinging critique of leaders on both sides of the fence"" for the ""humanitarian crisis"" of forced migration. And ""he went to the heart of the cartel's dark territory in Morelia, Michoacán, and told the young crowd that Jesus wants them to be disciples, not 'hitmen'."" In Chiapas he told the indigenous people that ""the world needs their culture and asked for forgiveness for those who had contaminated their lands.""[208] He broke with Vatican tradition in celebrating Mass with these indigenous peoples, and challenged Catholic bishops in Mexico to ""show singular tenderness"" toward them.[209] - The census conducted by INEGI in 2020 revealed that 97.8 million Mexicans (77.7%) of a total population of 126 million identify as Catholics. This represents an increase from 2010 when 84 million people (82.7%) were Catholics, which is a ""drastic fall"" in percentage according to a Church spokesperson. Protestant and Evangelical congregations have grown 7.5% in the last decade, and 10.2 million people (8.1%) have no religion, double that of ten years ago. The Catholic weekly Desde la Fe wrote in an editorial, ""El bien generalmente no es noticia, el mal, siempre es magnificado. La Iglesia ha tenido un desgaste moral ante la sociedad, por el mal ejemplo de algunos. Es tiempo de conversión hacia el interior."" (""Good is generally not news, evil is always magnified. The Church has suffered a moral erosion before society, due to the bad example of some. It is time for inward conversion."")[210] -",2023-08-26 18:06:09 -Maciej Janowski - Wikipedia,"Maciej Janowski (born 6 August 1991 in Wrocław, Poland[1]) is a Polish speedway rider who is a member of Poland national speedway team. - Janowski passed speedway licence test (Licencja ""Ż"") on 7 August 2007 at 16 years old; 5 days later he rode in his first meeting in Polish Ekstraliga (Wrocław vs Rzeszów 48:42). In his first heat, he beat Rzeszów' rider Andreas Messing from Sweden.[2] His fourth meeting was Tournament of Junior National Team Reservs (Turniej zaplecza kadry juniorów). In this meeting he was 4th.[1] He has won qualification to U-19 Bronze Helmet Final; Janowski was 13th (he was only 16 years old). With Atlas Wrocław he started in European Club Champions' Cup Final - Janowski scored 5 points, but Atlas was last. - In the 2008 season, he started in the Team U-19 European Championship Final. He was the best rider in the Polish team scoring 15 points despite th eteam finishing last), but Poland was last. In August of the same year, he won the Individual U-21 Polish Championship in Rybnik and was second in the Individual U-19 European Championship Final. In September, he was the best rider in Poland team and he won Team U-21 World Champion title. He was second in the Polish Bronze Helmet Finaland won the Polish Silver Helmet Final. At the 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany in Bydgoszcz, Janowski was nominated as first track reserve at 2008 FIM Final Speedway Grand Prix. However, when Niels Kristian Iversen was injured, Janowski replaced him in GP event. He finished 15th and scored one point, after beating Martin Smolinski. - Weekly ""Tygodnik Żużlowy"" (Speedway Weekly) awarded him as Junior of the Year.[3] Speedway Chapter of Main Commission of Speedway Sport (part of the Polish Motor Union) awarded him and Przemysław Pawlicki for one of the best debuts in Polish speedway history.[4] - In 2009, he rode for Atlas Wrocław in Poland, Rospiggarna in Sweden and MSC Diedenberge in Germanny.[5] In Sweden, he rode in nine matches and scored 4.52 point per match.[6] Janowski was unsuccessful in defending his Under-21 Polish Champion title, scoring 8 points and finished eighth. However, he did win the Bronze Helmet Final, at his home track in Wrocław, scoring a maximum 15 points. On 25 September he was second in Silver Helmet Final, losing to Grzegorz Zengota by two points. - On 11 July, Janowski competed in the Individual U-19 European Championship Final and won the silver medal after winning a run off with Martin Vaculík and Artem Laguta. The gold medal was won by Przemysław Pawlicki. Janowski and Pawlicki were the highest scorer for the Polish team in the Team U-19 European Championship Final on 23 August and Poland won U-19 European Champion title. On 5 September in Gorzów Wielkopolski he scored 13 points for Poland, and the team successfully defended their U-21 World Champion title at Under-21 Speedway World Cup. On 3 October will be started in Individual U-21 World Championship Final. - Like his Rospiggarna Hallstravik team-mate, Greg Hancock, Janowski moved to Piraterna Motala before the 2010 season.[6] On 18 August, it was announced that Janowski would join the Swindon Robins in the British Elite League for the remainder of the season. Maciej won the 2010 Polish Under-21 Championship, held in Toruń, scoring a 15-point maximum. Maciej is also riding in the U21-World Cup and was 2nd beating the main rival Maksim Bogdanows in Pardubice. - In 2011, he became the World Under 21 champion[7] and the following season he raced for Kings Lynn Stars in the 2012 British speedway season, in the Elite League. - In 2013, He won the Speedway World Cup with Poland, scoring 12 points in the final. Also in 2013, he moved to Poole Pirates for the 2013 Elite League speedway season. He would stay for three seasons and helped Poole win three cosecutive Elite League titles.[8] - A second World Cup winners medal came his way at the 2017 Speedway World Cup, he topped scored for Poland in the final, as the team finished eight points ahead of Sweden. - In 2022, Janowski won the bronze medal in the 2022 Speedway World Championship, after securing 106 points during the 2022 Speedway Grand Prix.[9] Also in 2022, he was a member of the Polish team that won the inaugural European Team Speedway Championship.[10] - In 2023, he was part of the Polish team that won the gold medal in the 2023 Speedway World Cup final, his last lap overtaking of Robert Lambert sealed the title for Poland and it was a third World Cup success for Janowski.[11] - His parents are Piotr and Beata. He has two brothers Wojciech and Krzysztof.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:06:12 -Canal 3 (Guatemalan TV channel) - Wikipedia," - Canal 3 is the first commercial TV station and the second overall station in Guatemala. It began its TV service in 1956.[1] - Its programming broadcasts its own productions and telenovelas, among other international productions. It is owned by Grupo Chapín TV, a subsidiary of Remigio Ángel González's Albavisión group. - On May 15, 1956, Channel 3 began broadcasting and became the first private station in Central America. Its first studio was located in the 8th. avenue and 9th. Zone 1 street, and its antenna was located in the city center. In 1961 the studio was destroyed after a fire, forcing the channel to be off the air for a few months. Later, it moved its facilities to a location in Las Majadas, zone 11. - The channel is considered pioneer of television, as it was the first to make live broadcasts from mobile units and in color broadcasting. It was the fourth country in Latin America to do so, after Mexico, Cuba and Puerto Rico. - In 1968, the Canal 3 facility was looted. On February 4, 1976, it suffered material losses from a 7.5 magnitude earthquake. - In the 1980s, it incorporated stereo sound, but in 1982 the government of Efrain Rios Montt gave the order to close the channel for about a month. In 1988, Canal 3 and Televisiete were sold to Televisa. - In 1990, it began broadcasting 24 hours a day. - In 1992, both channels were sold to Miami-based television corporation Albavisión. - The station made its first broadcasts in high definition during World Cup Germany 2006 experimentally on Channel 19 of the band UHF. - In 2015, the group Grupo Chapín TV was created, along with its sister channels. - On June 2, 2016, the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala and Public Prosecutor's Office announced the State Cooperation Case in Guatemala State Co-optation. According to the investigations, in 2008, Otto Pérez Molina, general secretary of the Patriotic Party, was shaping up as the presidential candidate. Because his party needed funds, a group of companies controlled by Roxana Baldetti was used to receive illicit money, including Comercial Urma, Publicmer, Publiases and Serpumer. These entities began receiving money from Guatemala Radio and Television and Televisiete.[citation needed] - As the campaign progressed, channels increased payments to the four companies to the sum of Q17 679 200.00. Monthly, two payments were recorded for Q215 600.00, one for each channel. Both television stations benefited from million-dollar contracts after the new government took office in 2012. - Payments were not reported to the Supreme Electoral Court and were used to purchase new vehicles: ten trucks, one bus and five vans, which were used in the Patriot Party's presidential campaign.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 18:06:16 -"Blowing Rock, Virginia - Wikipedia"," -Blowing Rock is an unincorporated community in Dickenson County, Virginia, in the United States.[1] - Blowing Rock was named from a rock which will blow debris in windy conditions.[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas37°13′35″N 82°25′51″W / 37.22639°N 82.43083°W / 37.22639; -82.43083 - - This Dickenson County, Virginia state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:06:19 -Wild Mouse (Idlewild) - Wikipedia,"Wild Mouse is the name of a roller coaster at Idlewild and Soak Zone in Ligonier, Pennsylvania.[2][3] It is the one of two coasters in the park, along with the small classic wooden Rollo Coaster, and its only steel roller coaster.[4] - The Wild Mouse was originally designed for Wiener Prater in Vienna, Austria where it operated as Speedy Gonzalez from 1985 to 1987.[1] Built by Vekoma, it is thus far the only wild mouse coaster designed by this corporation. It was later moved to Alton Towers, an amusement park in Staffordshire, England. When it opened there in 1987, its name was the Alton Mouse.[1] The ride featured a covered lift hill there, which was used to conceal the treacherous curves at the top of the hill from patrons until they reached the top. The lift hill was also tilted, which suggests that the cover was a rotating tunnel, which with the tilting track, created the effect of going upside-down. The Alton Mouse was closed in 1992, partly because the harsh curve and braking system had diminished its popularity, but mainly because the area of the park it was located in was small and the ride was popular, causing congestion. Local residents also complained of the noise levels, so when the Alton Mouse was removed, so were the other rides in the area, which was closed off from the rest of the park. - In 1993, the Wild Mouse reopened at Idlewild.[1] The track was originally painted a rust red with black supports when the ride first moved to Idlewild. Rough air brakes continued to hinder the ride until 2002, when a new, much smoother magnetic braking system was installed by Pribonics Technologies[5] and the color scheme was changed to gray track, still with black supports. - The Wild Mouse features a traditional setup, including tight, unbanked curves and short but steep hills. However, the ride's height is somewhat taller than that of the average wild mouse coaster and includes a somewhat rougher ride.[citation needed] - The ride did not operate at all during the 2012 season. However, the coaster was testing in early July 2013. On July 14, Wild Mouse ride reopened to the public.[1][4] - Wild Mouse is the only ""Mouse"" coaster ever built by Vekoma. -",2023-08-26 18:06:23 -Bogen (surname) - Wikipedia,"Bogen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:06:27 -Denis Linsmayer - Wikipedia," - Denis Linsmayer (born 19 September 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Mainz II.[1] - Linsmayer began his career with 1. FC Kaiserslautern made his debut for the club in August 2012, as a substitute for Albert Bunjaku in a 2. Bundesliga match against Dynamo Dresden. - On 26 June 2023, Linsmayer agreed to join Mainz II in Regionalliga.[2] - - This biographical article related to association football in Germany, about a midfielder born in the 1990s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:06:30 -Masco - Wikipedia,"Masco Corporation is an American manufacturer of products for the home improvement and new home construction markets. Comprising more than 20 companies, the Masco conglomerate operates nearly 60 manufacturing facilities in the United States and over 20 in other parts of the world. Since 1969 it trades on the NYSE.[3] Under the leadership of Richard Manoogian, the company grew exponentially and subsequently joined the Fortune 500 list of largest U.S. corporations.[3] - As of 2007, Masco employed approximately 32,500 employees and has approximately 6,000 shareholders.[4] The company is currently ranked at 373 on the Fortune 500.[2] As of December 31, 2007, Masco had a little over ten billion dollars in assets, and the company's total revenue was $11.77 billion. Total sales for the company in 2009 were 7.8 billion.[4][5] In 2010, the company had worldwide sales of $7.6 billion and approximately 90 manufacturing facilities. The current CEO is Keith J. Allman.[6] - Initially organized in 1929 as Masco Screw Products Company by Alex Manoogian in Detroit, Michigan. The company went public on the Detroit Stock Exchange in 1936. - Masco Screw Products Company produced machined automotive parts for the Detroit automotive companies.[7] The company's first contract came in 1930 with the Hudson Motor Company valued at $7,000.00. In 1935, the company's sales reached $100,000 dollars. The following year Masco became a publicly traded company traded on the Detroit Stock Exchange. In 1942, Masco's sales exceeded $1,000,000 dollars.[3] - Masco Screw Products grew into the Masco Corporation, a large corporate holding company for numerous acquisitions. Small, family-run businesses were bought out by Masco Corporation with cash and stock in the parent corporation. Between 1997 and 2002, Richard Manoogian, who succeeded his father as chief executive, acquired 42 companies valued at a total of $10 billion. - In 1952, Manoogian began redesigning the single-handle washerless faucet.[3] The faucet he created was one of the first single-handle hot/cold faucets; it is now known as Delta. Delta's television advertisements were a first for any faucet, and made the product a successful seller. Masco went on to capture the mass market as sales moved from plumbing wholesalers to retail stores.[7] These steps of production and marketing of the Delta faucet began in 1954, and four years later Delta Faucet's annual sales exceeded a million dollars.[3] This was the last year that the company would be referred to as Masco Screw Products Company. - Alex Manoogian, founder, acted as president and chief operating officer (COO) from 1929 until 1967. In 1958 his son Richard joined the company. Richard, having spent nine years with the company, succeeded his father one year after the company moved to Taylor, Michigan. Alex died on July 10, 1996, the same year that his son Richard passed on his COO role to Ray Kennedy, allowing him to assume the position of chief executive officer. In response to Kennedy's death, Alan Barry was appointed as Masco's president and COO on April 8, 2003.[3] - In 1961, Masco Screw Products Company changed its name to Masco Corporation. In 1967, the company moved its corporate headquarters to Taylor, Michigan.[8] For the first time, in 1969, Masco was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1975, Masco first appeared on the Fortune 500, and Masco's annual sales exceeded one billion dollars for the first time in 1984. One year later, Masco began manufacturing cabinets.[3] - In 1982 Masco's earnings did not grow for the first time in 26 years. The next year however, “In 1983, earnings climbed again for this maker of faucets and diverse product mix of builders’ hardware, because of increased housing starts and a strong do-it-yourself market.”[9] - In 1985, Masco purchased the remaining outstanding stock of Flint & Walling, Inc (after purchasing 30% in 1971 and controlling interest in 1978). - In 1986, Masco started a home furnishings division by buying Henredon for $298 million and Drexel Heritage for $356 million. Other companies added to the division were Lexington Home Brands, Hickorycraft, Marge Carson, La Barge and Marbro in 1987, and fabric company Robert Allen/Ametex in 1988. In 1989, Universal Furniture, BenchCraft and Cal-Style were added in a $480 million deal, as well as Sunbury Textiles. The division added Berkline in 1994 and sold Marge Carson and Cal-Style in 1995.[10] - Masco reorganized its numerous companies; in 1988, the specialty products divisions of Masco Industries and Masco Corporation combined to form TriMas Corporation. Three years after this merger, TriMas was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The remainder of Masco Industries became Masco Tech Inc. and in 1993 was listed on the NYSE. At that point in time three different Masco Companies existed: Masco Corp., Masco Tech., and TriMas Corp. - Two years later, Masco entered the services business. TriMas and Masco Tech merged to form one company offering a wide array of products. Masco announced a 2 for 1 stock split, which was the ninth time the company had split its shares since 1960 and was the 40th year in a row that its dividends were increased. This merger left two companies, Masco Tech. and Masco Corp.[citation needed] - In 1996, Masco sold most of its Home Furnishings Division to investors for $1.1 billion, creating a new company called LifeStyle Furnishings International.[10] - In 1999, Masco involved itself in the architectural coatings business, and the company's annual sales topped five billion dollars for the first time. - In 1999, Masco Corp acquired Arrow Fastener Co., Inc., a hand tool company expanding its business in the hardware category. - In 2000, Heartland Industrial Partners, a private equity firm, purchased Masco Tech and changed its name to Metaldyne. Metaldyne is headquartered in Plymouth, Michigan. Masco also divested Flint & Walling, Inc in 2000 to Zoeller Company. - In 2001, Masco Corp., or simply Masco, entered the windows business and had operating profits beyond a billion dollars.[3] Late in the year, Masco announced it would write down the value of its stake in LifeStyle Furnishings International by $460 million, since its equity share was only 15 percent, with the rest being debt. LifeStyle, the third largest furniture maker in the United States with $2 billion in sales, had sold Universal Furniture to Lacquer Craft.[10] Then Masco announced Furniture Brands International would buy Drexel Heritage, Henredon and Maitland-Smith for $275 million, with management of Berkline, BenchCraft and Sunbury taking over those companies. LifeStyle continued to own Lexington, Robert Allen/Ametex and the Beacon Hill showrooms.[11] - In 2003, Masco's annual sales topped ten billion dollars and Masco increased its quarterly dividend for the 47th consecutive year. This ranked them in the top ten publicly owned companies achieving increased annual consecutive dividends.[3] - Throughout his time with the company, Richard Manoogian achieved a net worth of approximately $750 million. He was ranked as high as number five on the Forbes 400 list of richest manufacturers.[12] The Manoogian family is no longer involved in the management of the company. - In 2015, the company announced it would relocate its headquarters from its facility in Taylor, Michigan to Livonia due to downsizing after spinning-off some divisions.[8] Company president Keith Allman opened the new site on July 31, 2017.[13] - In December 2017, Masco acquired Mercury Plastics of Middlefield, Ohio for an undisclosed amount and in January 2018, it acquired Kichler Lighting of Independence, Ohio for $550 million.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:06:33 -Mam talent! (series 3) - Wikipedia,"The third series of Mam talent! premiered on Saturday 4 September 2010 at 20:00 on TVN. It consisted of seven auditions' episodes, five semi-finals and the final, which aired on 27 November 2010. The winner of the competition was Magda Welc, 11-year-old singer and she gained 300 000 PLN and the runner-up was Kamil Bednare. There was also a Special Prize - 100 000 PLN founded by Apart - which was given to Sabina Jeszka. Winner of the second series, Marcin Wyrostek performed during the first semi-final and Paul Potts, winner of the first series of Britain's Got Talent was a special guest on 13 November 2010. - Date: 23 October 2010 -Special guest: Marcin Wyrostek - Date: 30 October 2010 - Date: 6 November 2010 - Date: 13 November 2010 -Special guest: Paul Potts - Date: 20 November 2010 - Date: 27 November 2010 - -",2023-08-26 18:06:37 -John Chipman (international relations expert) - Wikipedia," - Sir John Miguel Warwick Chipman KCMG (born February 1957) is a British international relations expert, specialising in international security. He is director-general and chief executive of the International Institute for Strategic Studies.[1] He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1999 Birthday Honours and Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 2023 Birthday Honours for services to international peace and security.[2] Chipman has a BA (Hons) degree from Harvard University, an MA from the London School of Economics and an MPhil and DPhil from Balliol College, University of Oxford.[3][4] - - This biography article of a United Kingdom academic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:06:41 -Iraqi Swiss dinar - Wikipedia,"The Swiss dinar (Arabic: دينار سويسري) was the Iraqi currency in circulation prior to the 1990 Gulf War. - The reason for the adjective ""Swiss"" is unknown, two possible explanations have been offered. - It has been claimed the printing plates for the currency came from Switzerland, although the notes were actually produced in the United Kingdom by De La Rue.[1] While this claim is widespread, the actual origins of the plates are unknown as no sources close to De La Rue or the Central Bank of Iraq have made any comment on the matter. - The second possible explanation is that prior to the Gulf War, Iraq was historically a low inflation country, similar to Switzerland.[2] - After the Gulf War, the Iraqi government disendorsed the old currency, favoring newly printed Saddam dinars, and the Swiss dinar ceased to be legal tender. However, the old currency still circulated in the politically isolated Kurdistan region of Iraq. The government of the Kurdistan region did not have the printing plates of the Swiss dinar, but it also refused to accept lower-quality Saddam dinar banknotes (which were issued in huge amounts). Since the supply of Saddam dinar banknotes increased while the supply of Swiss dinar banknotes remained stable (even decreased because of notes taken out of circulation), the Swiss dinar appreciated against the Saddam dinar. By having its own stable currency, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq effectively evaded inflation, which ran rampant throughout the rest of the country.[2] - Following the 2003 invasion the Coalition Provisional Authority, installed by the Coalition Forces, determined that Iraq needed a new, unified currency, but establishing a proper exchange rate was relatively difficult. The market exchange rate for Saddam dinars to Swiss dinars remained around 100:1 from 1998 to January 2002, but as the invasion ensued, the Kurdish currency appreciated to 300:1, and subsequently fell to 250:1. After further investigation, the Coalition Provisional Authority determined that it would be best to equate the two currencies by purchasing power parity, which was around 100:1. After researching further, the Coalition decided to adopt an official rate between the market rate and the PPP rate, officially pegging the currency at 150 Saddam dinars per Swiss dinar. - There were two proposed methods to unify the currencies. The first would be to print a new set of Swiss dinar notes and distribute them among the south. However, this would result in 80% of the population needing to exchange the Saddam dinar notes for Swiss dinars. Since printing more Saddam dinar notes was not politically favored, after consulting with a currency expert, the Coalition decided to alter the Swiss dinar plates to the Saddam dinar denominations. This would allow the least amount of currency exchange, but also take Saddam's image off the currency. The new Swiss currency was created in a different color to differentiate from the old currency. - Reportedly, the exchange was relatively swift and without incident, with the exception of two failed attacks on currency convoys.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:06:44 -Watson Hill - Wikipedia,"Watson Hill is a summit in Plymouth County, Massachusetts.[1] The elevation is 95 feet (29 m).[1] - Watson Hill has the name of Elkanah Watson, a pioneer who owned the site in the 1680s.[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°57′10″N 70°39′46″W / 41.9528°N 70.6629°W / 41.9528; -70.6629 - This Plymouth County, Massachusetts geography–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:06:47 -Morgan Gould - Wikipedia," - Morgan Leonard Gould (born 23 March 1983) is a South African international footballer who plays professionally for Sekhukhune United as a defender.[1] - Born in Soweto, Gould began his senior career with Jomo Cosmos in 2001, before moving to Supersport United in 2008.[2] He signed for Kaizer Chiefs in May 2012.[3] - Gould was signed to Chiefs in July 2012 for R8.4million. He made his debut on 5 August 2012 against Mamelodi Sundowns losing 4-1.[4] He scored his first goal against student outfit Bidvest Wits in the Nedbank Cup winning 3-0 with him scoring the second goal in 49th from a header from the near post. In the first half Siboniso Gaxa also scored his first goal for Chiefs. Earlier that day Orlando Pirates lost 4-1 to SAFA Second Division student outfit, Maluti FET College.[5] He went to play only nine games and 721 minutes in the 2012-13 season due to an achilles tendon surgery and a knee injury only recovering in pre-season.[6] - In July 2016, Gould made his return to Supersport United, to be reunited with his former Kaizer Chiefs coach Stuart Baxter. He made his first start in a league match of the PSL Absa Premiership 2016–2017 season, in a 1-0 loss to Platinum Stars. - Gould made his international debut for South Africa in 2008,[2] and was a squad member at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.[7] - He is the son of late former Kaizer Chiefs and Penarol player Goodenough Nkomo.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:06:51 -North Central Conference - Wikipedia,"The North Central Conference (NCC), also known as North Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, was a college athletic conference which operated in the north central United States. It participated in the NCAA's Division II. - The NCC was formed in 1922. Charter members of the NCC were South Dakota State College (now South Dakota State University), College of St. Thomas (now the University of St. Thomas), Des Moines University, Creighton University, North Dakota Agricultural College (now North Dakota State University), the University of North Dakota, Morningside College, the University of South Dakota, and Nebraska Wesleyan University. - The University of Northern Iowa was a member of the NCC from 1934 until 1978. UNI currently competes in Division I in the Missouri Valley Conference; in FCS football, it competes in the Missouri Valley Football Conference. In 2002 Morningside College left the NCC to join the NAIA. The University of Northern Colorado left the conference in 2003, followed in 2004 by North Dakota State University and South Dakota State University. These three schools all transitioned their athletics programs from Division II to Division I; they became founding members of the Division I FCS Great West Football Conference, which started play in the fall of 2004. Since that time, Northern Colorado moved on to the Big Sky Conference in all sports in 2006. In the fall of 2006, North Dakota State and South Dakota State were admitted to The Summit League; they have also moved on to rejoin old conference mate Northern Iowa in the Missouri Valley Football Conference. - It was announced on November 29, 2006 that the 2007–08 athletic season would be the final season for the NCC and that the conference would cease operations on July 1, 2008.[1] - The NCC had seven full members in the conference's final season, one was a private school: - The NCC had two affiliate members for football only in the conference's final season, both of which were public schools. - The NCC had nine other full members during the conference's tenure, two were private schools: - The NCC sponsored baseball, men's and women's basketball, football, cross-country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, volleyball, and wrestling. - Six of the seven members of the NCC sponsored Division I ice hockey, and five still do. In men's hockey, after a major conference realignment that took effect in 2013, Minnesota–Duluth, Nebraska–Omaha, North Dakota, and St. Cloud State field teams in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference, while Minnesota State–Mankato is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA). Before the realignment, all of these schools had been members of the WCHA for men's hockey. All of these schools, except for Omaha, have women's teams in the WCHA (Omaha women's hockey is a club sport). The women's side of the WCHA was not affected by this realignment. - The NCC Tournament was held from 1991-1994, then it was brought back and used from 2001-2008. - - - - - - -",2023-08-26 18:06:55 -Cherrystone Bar Light - Wikipedia,"The Cherrystone Bar Light was a lighthouse located at the entrance to Cape Charles, Virginia harbor in the Chesapeake Bay. It was the only light in the bay moved to another location, becoming the Choptank River Light in 1921.[citation needed] - This light was constructed shortly before the Civil War, and like the other Virginia lights, it was put out of commission by the Confederate forces. It was reactivated by Union forces in 1862. - In 1919, a simple skeleton tower on a small caisson was erected to replace the old light. The following year, the house was lifted from its foundation and barged north, where it was set on a new foundation to replace the Choptank River Light, which had been destroyed by ice in 1918. This light was eventually dismantled in 1964, but the caisson light at the original location remains in use. -",2023-08-26 18:06:59 -Proximity space - Wikipedia,"In topology, a proximity space, also called a nearness space, is an axiomatization of the intuitive notion of ""nearness"" that hold set-to-set, as opposed to the better known point-to-set notion that characterize topological spaces. - The concept was described by Frigyes Riesz (1909) but ignored at the time.[1] It was rediscovered and axiomatized by V. A. Efremovič in 1934 under the name of infinitesimal space, but not published until 1951. In the interim, A. D. Wallace (1941) discovered a version of the same concept under the name of separation space. - A proximity space - - - -( -X -, -δ -) - - -{\displaystyle (X,\delta )} - - is a set - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - with a relation - - - -δ - - -{\displaystyle \delta } - - between subsets of - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - satisfying the following properties: - For all subsets - - - -A -, -B -, -C -⊆ -X - - -{\displaystyle A,B,C\subseteq X} - - - Proximity without the first axiom is called quasi-proximity (but then Axioms 2 and 4 must be stated in a two-sided fashion). - If - - - -A - -δ - -B - - -{\displaystyle A\;\delta \;B} - - we say - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - - is near - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - or - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - - and - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - are proximal; otherwise we say - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - - and - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - are apart. We say - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - is a proximal- or - - - -δ - - -{\displaystyle \delta } - --neighborhood of - - - -A -, - - -{\displaystyle A,} - - written - - - -A -≪ -B -, - - -{\displaystyle A\ll B,} - - if and only if - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - - and - - - -X -∖ -B - - -{\displaystyle X\setminus B} - - are apart. - The main properties of this set neighborhood relation, listed below, provide an alternative axiomatic characterization of proximity spaces. - For all subsets - - - -A -, -B -, -C -, -D -⊆ -X - - -{\displaystyle A,B,C,D\subseteq X} - - - A proximity space is called separated if - - - -{ -x -} - -δ - -{ -y -} - - -{\displaystyle \{x\}\;\delta \;\{y\}} - -implies - - - -x -= -y -. - - -{\displaystyle x=y.} - - - A proximity or proximal map is one that preserves nearness, that is, given - - - -f -: -( -X -, -δ -) -→ - -( - - -X - -∗ - - -, - -δ - -∗ - - - -) - -, - - -{\displaystyle f:(X,\delta )\to \left(X^{*},\delta ^{*}\right),} - - if - - - -A - -δ - -B - - -{\displaystyle A\;\delta \;B} - - in - - - -X -, - - -{\displaystyle X,} - - then - - - -f -[ -A -] - - -δ - -∗ - - - -f -[ -B -] - - -{\displaystyle f[A]\;\delta ^{*}\;f[B]} - - in - - - - -X - -∗ - - -. - - -{\displaystyle X^{*}.} - - Equivalently, a map is proximal if the inverse map preserves proximal neighborhoodness. In the same notation, this means if - - - -C - -≪ - -∗ - - -D - - -{\displaystyle C\ll ^{*}D} - - holds in - - - - -X - -∗ - - -, - - -{\displaystyle X^{*},} - - then - - - - -f - -− -1 - - -[ -C -] -≪ - -f - -− -1 - - -[ -D -] - - -{\displaystyle f^{-1}[C]\ll f^{-1}[D]} - - holds in - - - -X -. - - -{\displaystyle X.} - - - Given a proximity space, one can define a topology by letting - - - -A -↦ - -{ - -x -: -{ -x -} - -δ - -A - -} - - - -{\displaystyle A\mapsto \left\{x:\{x\}\;\delta \;A\right\}} - - be a Kuratowski closure operator. If the proximity space is separated, the resulting topology is Hausdorff. Proximity maps will be continuous between the induced topologies. - The resulting topology is always completely regular. This can be proven by imitating the usual proofs of Urysohn's lemma, using the last property of proximal neighborhoods to create the infinite increasing chain used in proving the lemma. - Given a compact Hausdorff space, there is a unique proximity whose corresponding topology is the given topology: - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - - is near - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - if and only if their closures intersect. More generally, proximities classify the compactifications of a completely regular Hausdorff space. - A uniform space - - - -X - - -{\displaystyle X} - - induces a proximity relation by declaring - - - -A - - -{\displaystyle A} - - is near - - - -B - - -{\displaystyle B} - - if and only if - - - -A -× -B - - -{\displaystyle A\times B} - - has nonempty intersection with every entourage. Uniformly continuous maps will then be proximally continuous. -",2023-08-26 18:07:03 -Hong Ling (actress) - Wikipedia," - Hong Ling (born Somaline Ang Ling on 16 August 1994)[2] is a Singaporean actress. - Born to a Thai mother and a Singaporean Chinese father,[3] Hong graduated from Fuchun Secondary School.[4] She has two siblings,[5] one of whom is a younger brother.[6] She was scouted while studying at Temasek Polytechnic, though she disrupted her studies due to career interest as an actress.[7] - Hong was discovered through talent search programme Hey Gorgeous, in which she emerged as one of the semi-finalists in 2013.[8] During the talent search programme, she was introduced as Somaline Ang, her Thai name.[9][7] After her participation in the show, she switched to using her Chinese name, Hong Ling as she found that people found it difficult to pronounce her Thai name.[7] Subsequently, she completed an acting course at the Singapore Media Academy in 2014. - In 2014, Hong was involved in a long-form drama titled 118 where she paired up with Nick Teo. - In 2015, she was involved in a drama titled You Can Be an Angel Too and won her first award, Tokyo Bust Express Sexy Babe Award, at Star Awards 2015. - In 2016, she made cameo appearances in Soul Reaper and Hero. She also had filmed other television series such as I Want to Be a Star, The Dream Job and The Truth Seekers. - In 2017, she gained her first female lead in Home Truly and also continued with the sequel in 118 II. She gained her first nomination as one of the Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes. - In 2018, she is involved in dramas such as 118 Reunion, Fifty & Fabulous, 29th February, a toggle original series, Love At Cavenagh Bridge and also long running drama series, Jalan Jalan. - In Star Awards 2021, she obtained her first Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes award.[10] - Hong and her partner Nick Teo co-founded the bird's nest brand House of the Swiftlet in January 2019.[11] After seven years of dating, the couple announced their engagement in August 2022.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:07:07 -Millbrook High School (North Carolina) - Wikipedia,"Millbrook Magnet High School, commonly known as just Millbrook High School (MHS), is a public magnet high school located in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is one of thirty-two high schools in the Wake County Public School System. In 2006, Millbrook finished the renovation of its campus which includes a new three-level building, a courtyard for students, and a larger cafeteria making MHS one of the largest and up to date facilities in the area. In 2009, Millbrook High School was granted International Baccalaureate status by the North Carolina Board of Education.[2] The school was named a Magnet School of Excellence by Magnet Schools of America in 2020 and is recognized for its innovative curriculum, community building, and removing barriers to student success.[3] - Millbrook's athletics department houses 40 athletic teams[4] including varsity, junior varsity, and freshman levels, who all compete in the North Carolina High School Athletic Association. The school is classified into 4A, the highest division, due to their large population. Their historical rival is Jesse O. Sanderson High School. -  WikiMiniAtlas35°51′57″N 78°36′14″W / 35.8657062°N 78.6038915°W / 35.8657062; -78.6038915 -",2023-08-26 18:07:12 -Forrest S. Mozer - Wikipedia,"Forrest S. Mozer (born February 13, 1929 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is an American experimental physicist, inventor, and entrepreneur known best for his pioneering work on electric field measurements in space plasma and for development of solid state electronic speech synthesizers and speech recognizers. - He received his B.S. in physics from University of Nebraska in 1951, and both his M.S. and Ph.D. in physics from California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1956. After graduation he worked as a nuclear researcher at Caltech, then continued his research at Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., at Aerospace Corporation, and at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. Around 1963 his interest shifted to high energy particles in the aurora. In 1966 he joined the physics department of the University of California, Berkeley, where he became full professor in 1970. He has held appointments as Vice Chairman of the Physics Department and Associate Director of the Space Sciences Laboratory. His recent research[1][2] continues 40 years of rocket and satellite measurements. - Mozer has more than 300 scientific publications,[3] and he has received numerous honors and recognition for his scientific work: - Mozer invented and patented[10] the first integrated circuit speech synthesizer in 1974. He first licensed this technology to TeleSensory Systems, which used it in the ""Speech+"" talking calculator for blind persons. Later National Semiconductor also licensed the technology, used for its ""DigiTalker"" speech synthesizer, the MM54104. - In 1984, Mozer co-founded Electronic Speech Systems (now ESS Technology) to develop and market speech synthesis systems based on Mozer's patents. His work in speech synthesis led to ideas of how to create a single-chip speech recognizer. In 1994, Mozer and his son Todd Mozer, founded Sensory Circuits, Inc. (now Sensory, Inc.),[11] where they developed and introduced the RSC-164 speech recognition integrated circuit. Since its inception Sensory has supplied speech recognition to products that have sold more than half a billion units.[12] - Mozer has 17 issued US patents in the areas of speech synthesis and speech recognition. -",2023-08-26 18:07:15 -Electoral results for the district of Bega - Wikipedia," -Bega, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, has had two incarnations, the first from 1894 to 1920, the second from 1988 to the present.[1][2][3][4] - - District abolished - -",2023-08-26 18:07:19 -Brzostowiec - Wikipedia,"Brzostowiec [bʐɔsˈtɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mogielnica, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.[1] - - This Grójec County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:23 -Marius (play) - Wikipedia,"Marius is a 1929 play by the French writer Marcel Pagnol. It takes place in Marseilles, where a young man named Marius working in a café dreams of going to sea, his obsession eventually overcoming his developing romance with Fanny, a local girl. - Two years later a British version Sea Fever by John Van Druten was staged unsuccessfully in the West End.[1] The same year Pagnol wrote a sequel Fanny. - In 1931 the play was turned into a film Marius directed by Alexander Korda for the French subsidiary of Paramount Pictures with a screenplay written by Pagnol himself. In 1938 this was remade as an American film Port of Seven Seas by James Whale.[2] In 2013 it was remade by Daniel Auteuil. - This article on a play from the 1920s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:27 -Mzilikazi - Wikipedia," - Mzilikazi[1] Moselekatse, Khumalo (c. 1790 – 9 September 1868) was a Southern African king who founded the Ndebele Kingdom now called Matebeleland which is now part of Zimbabwe. His name means ""the great river of blood"".[2] He was born the son of Mashobane kaMangethe near Mkuze, Zululand (now known as KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa), and died at Ingama, Matabeleland (near Bulawayo, Zimbabwe). Many consider him to be the greatest Southern African military leader after the Zulu king, Shaka. In his autobiography, David Livingstone referred to Mzilikazi as the second most impressive leader he encountered on the African continent. - Mzilikazi was originally a lieutenant of Shaka. He left Zululand during the period largely known as mfecane with a large kraal of Shaka's cattle. Shaka had originally been satisfied that Mzilikazi had served the Zulu nation well and he rewarded Mzilikazi with cattle and soldiers but after some time. It is unclear if Mzilikazi stole Shaka's cattle or if he raided them from neighbouring tribes. He first travelled to Mozambique but in 1826 he moved west into the Transvaal due to continued attacks by his enemies. He absorbed many members of other tribes as he conquered the Transvaal. He attacked the Ndzundza kraal at Esikhunjini, where the Ndzundza king Magodongo and others were kidnapped and subsequently killed at the Mkobola river. - For the next ten years, Mzilikazi dominated the Transvaal. Mzilikazi eliminated all opposition and reorganised the captured territory to suit the new Matabele order. In 1831, after winning a battle against the Griqua people, Mzilikazi occupied the Griqua lands near the Ghaapse mountains.[3] He used scorched earth methods to maintain a safe distance from all surrounding kingdoms. The death toll has never been satisfactorily determined, but it is believed [4] that the region was so depopulated that the Voortrekkers were able to occupy and take ownership of the Highveld area without opposition in the 1830s.[5] - Voortrekkers began to arrive in the Transvaal in 1836, resulting in several confrontations over the next two years during which the Matabele suffered heavy losses. By early 1838, Mzilikazi and his people were forced northwards out of Transvaal altogether and across the Limpopo River. He decided to split his group in two as a military strategy and part of his group moved north under military leader Gundwane Ndiweni, who conducted a section of the Ndebele across the Limpopo without Mzilikazi. - Further attacks caused Mzilikazi to move again, at first westwards into present-day Botswana and then later northwards towards what is now Zambia. He was unable to settle the land there because of the prevalence of tsetse fly which carried diseases fatal to oxen. Mzilikazi therefore travelled again, this time southeastwards into what became known as Matabeleland (situated in the southwest of present-day Zimbabwe) and settled there in 1840 where he reunited with the splinter group led by Gundwane Ndiweni.[6] - After his arrival, he organised his followers into a militaristic system with regimental kraals, similar to those of Shaka; under his leadership, the Matabele became strong enough to repel the Boer attacks of 1847–1851 and persuade the government of the South African Republic to sign a peace treaty with Mzilikazi in 1852. - While Mzilikazi was generally friendly to European travellers, he remained mindful of the danger that they posed to his kingdom. In later years he refused some visitors access to his realm. The Europeans who met Mzilikazi included Henry Hartley, hunter and explorer; Robert Moffat, missionary; John Mackenzie, missionary; David Hume, explorer and trader; Andrew Smith, medical doctor, ethnologist and zoologist; William Cornwallis Harris, hunter; and the missionary explorer David Livingstone. - After he was defeated by the voortrekker boers of the great treak in transvaal During the tribe's wanderings north of the Limpopo, Mzilikazi became separated from the bulk of the tribe. They gave him up for dead and hailed his young heir Nkulumane as his successor. However, Mzilikazi reappeared after a traumatic journey through the Zambezi Valley and reasserted control. According to one account, his son and all the chiefs who had chosen him were put to death on his orders. A popular belief is that they were executed by being thrown down a steep cliff on the hill now called Ntabazinduna [hill of the chiefs]. - Another account claims that Nkulumane was not killed with the chiefs, but was sent back to the Zulu Kingdom with a sizeable delegation which included warriors. During his journey south, he passed through the Bakwena territory in the northwestern Transvaal, near Rustenburg. At the time the Bakwena were struggling to repel repeated attacks from a neighbouring king, who laid claim to the territory that they occupied. Nkulumane assisted the Bakwena by leading his impi in a battle in which Nkulumane himself killed the neighbouring chief. - Following this victory, the Bakwena convinced Nkulumane to settle in their territory, arguing that it would be futile to return to the Zulu Kingdom as his father's enemies would probably kill him. Nkulumane settled and lived with his family in that area until his death in 1883. His grave, covered in a concrete slab, is on the outskirts of Rustenburg in Phokeng. The site of Nkulumane's grave is incongruously referred to as Mzilikazi's Kop, even though it is his son who is buried there. - After resuming his role as king, Mzilikazi founded his nation at Ntabazinduna mountain and his first capital was at Inyathi where he ended up meeting his old friend Robert Moffat whom he had met in the Transvaal Republic when he was coming from Kuruman which was the year when his son (Nkulumane) was born, Inyathi was abandoned in 1859 when one of his senior wives, Queen Loziba, died. His next capital was established at Mhlahlandlela in Matopo District where he is buried. This became his second and last capital until he died at eNqameni near Gwanda on September 5, 1868.[5][7] - In 1970, the City of Bulawayo established Mzilikazi Memorial Library which is the central library of all the city libraries. The King's bust was placed at the entrance of the library in celebration of his centenary. - Mzilikazi's Memorial - Mzilikazi's Grave -",2023-08-26 18:07:31 -Rita Bell - Wikipedia,"Rita Bell (née, Bell; after first marriage, Crittenden; after second marriage, Redlich; December 16, 1893 – January 8, 1992) was an American lyric soprano[1] and entertainer in vaudeville, musical theatre, radio, and ""talkies"".[1] She was the principal actress of several Broadway musicals, such as ""The Gingham Girl"" and ""Spice of Life"". During her world tour, her singing voice and personality were broadcast from radio stations in Amsterdam, Berlin, Cape Town, and London.[2] A singer-songwriter, Bell wrote many of her songs.[3] - Marguerite (nickname, ""Rita"") Hughes Bell was born in Stratton, Nebraska, December 16, 1893.[4] Her parents were S. Warren Bell and Alice Hughes.[5] - Her early education was in the public schools of Nebraska and Iowa.[5] Bell sang her first part in an amateur performance in Iowa City, Iowa. From the time when she was a child in grade school, she liked to sing the popular songs which her uncle, Winfield Hughes, had in his music store in Iowa City.[6] Bell came to Saint Paul, Minnesota when 13 years of age. She attended Central High School and performed in the school's Glee Club. She then attended the University of Iowa.[5] - ""If you want to be a successful actress go to college. If you can tell a theatrical manager you have a bachelor of arts degree from a college or university of high standards, you go up in his estimation... I know that academic training for the stage has long been neglected -at least it hasn't been recognized- but that doesn't make it one bit less important. The girl who has a firm foundation of liberal arts training has as great an advantage in musical comedy, vaudeville or serious drama... Foreign languages, music and dancing are subjects which should be studied and are particularly necessary for stage work.""[6] Bell won distinction in Iowa City singing the part of ""Hebe"" in Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore, a part which her mother, then Miss Alice Hughes, had sung 20 years before opposite the same basso, Frank Sueppel. From that time on, no production in the vicinity was considered complete without Bell. Though she was a pupil of Marie de Santo Riedel at the University of Iowa's School of Music[1] at the time, her practice did not take up all her energy. Bell organized a quartet including Grace Pfannebecker, Nita Stamp, Esther Thomann, and herself, touring Iowa on chautauquas and winter concerts.[6] - She continued with amateur work while singing soprano at Peoples church. Bell also did one summer season in musical stock and light opera at Fairmont, Minnesota.[5] - The following fall, she had her first professional vaudeville offer, the ""West Coast on Pantages"" which took her to the Pacific coast. After filling some picture engagements in the west, she returned to vaudeville in a sketch written for her by Jack Lait. This act was extremely popular in the east on the ""Keith"" circuit.[5] She left vaudeville in 1920 to concentrate on music comedy roles,[6] on the East coast. She scored an immediate success, appearing as the ingenue soprano in The Spice of Life. She was cast for a lead in the 1922 Ziegfeld Follies, also John Cort's ""Go-Go"" and Harry Delf's ""Sun Showers"", but opted instead for the 1922 New York City production of The Gingham Girl where Bell played the entire run of the production in the title role. After it closed for the summer, Bell toured the Canadian Rockies and returned to St. Paul where she appeared in a musical interlude, The Butterfly Girl.[7] She was booked for a leading role in Gus Edwards ""Sunbonnet Sue"" and ""No, No, Nonette"", but retired.[5] - Bell appeared in numerous benefit performances, in ""Jappyland"", at the St. Paul auditorium (now, Roy Wilkins Auditorium), 1911; benefits for House of Hope and First Baptist church; and in entertainments for the wounded at Fort Snelling during World War I.[5] - She belonged to Central High School Glee Club, House of Hope Christian Endeavor Society, National Vaudeville Artists of New York City, Brahms Club of New York City and Women's National Democratic Club. Since her residence in New York, Bell worked on a committee for New York Music week, 1924. Bell directed a benefit for Judson Memorial Church and Health Center, and did social work at the center among young Italian girls.[5] Bell served on the board of director of Brandeis University, and was Vice-president of the New York Gourmet Society. She founded the Community Concert Association in Great Neck, New York.[8] - In France,[1] Bell became a protege of Anna Calve.[2] From France, she went to England and after singing there, received a contract to perform in South African radio. While traveling in South Africa, she wrote articles on diamond mines, as well as the people and customs of the country.[1] In 1929, she returned to vaudeville, with performances scheduled in the Netherlands, Berlin, and Vienna.[9] She also performed in Shanghai and Hong Kong.[8] in 1939, she was a pianist-singer at a restaurant in Brooklyn.[10] - Around 1940, Bell began appearing in USO shows. By 1972, she had made more than 2,000 benefit performances.[8] - On September 15, 1923, she married Nathaniel Brittan Crittenden (1890-1958) of New York;[5][4] At some point they divorced. On April 5, 1940, in Warrenton, Virginia, she married Edwin Theodore Redlich (1895-1962). The couple made their home on Long Island, in Freeport, New York.[11] - In her later years, Rita Bell remained on Long Island and made her home in Great Neck, where she died January 8, 1992.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:07:34 -Common ISDN Application Programming Interface - Wikipedia,"The Common ISDN Application Programming Interface (short CAPI) is an ISDN-conformant standardized software interface. With the help of CAPI, computer software intended for the use with ISDN can be provided, without knowledge of the deployed, proprietary ISDN card. - CAPI was designed from 1989 by German manufacturers (AVM, Systec, Stollmann). Since 1991, CAPI is being developed further by CAPI Association e.V. Implementations exist for different operating systems, including Linux and Microsoft Windows. - Through the ETSI, CAPI 2.0 was introduced as standard ETS 300 324 (Profile B). - Primarily, CAPI was designed for data transfer over ISDN. The specification has been extended multiple times, thereby it became important to the area of voice and fax communication. Because pure data transfer over IP-based networks is dominant in modern times, CAPI is being used primarily in the scope of voice applications (voice mail, IVR, call center, voice conference systems, etc.), for fax servers and combined systems (UMS). - The CAPI Interface in its current release (CAPI 2.0) supports a variety of signaling protocols (D channel protocols), e.g. DSS1 and FTZ 1 TR 6. The interface operates in the OSI model between layer 3 and 4, but only controls layers 1 to 3. - Besides popular signaling protocols for ISDN, implementations of CAPI for ATM, GSM and VoIP (H.323 and SIP) exist, thus CAPI applications can be used directly on communications infrastructure. Special extensions for protocol-specific features were defined several years ago for ATM. -",2023-08-26 18:07:38 -Saint Rhian - Wikipedia," -Saint Rhian was a Welsh abbot. He is a virtually unknown saint other than his feast day, which is March 8th. The town name of Llanrhian, Pembrokeshire, commemorates him [1] and its church is dedicated to St Rhian. - He is the patron saint of Lovers, beekeepers, epilepsy, fainting, and the plague. - - This article about a Welsh saint is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:42 -Lee Joon-hwan - Wikipedia," - Lee Joon-hwan (born 19 June 2002) is a South Korean judoka.[1][2] - Lee won gold medals at the 2022 Tbilisi Grand Slam and the 2022 Ulaanbaatar Grand Slam. - - This biographical article related to South Korean judo is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:46 -Stigmella kaimanua - Wikipedia," - Stigmella kaimanua is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is endemic to New Zealand.[2] - The length of the forewings is about 3 millimetres (0.12 in). Adults have been recorded in November and December. There is one generation per year. - The larvae feed on Parsonsia heterophylla.[3][4] They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine is linear and situated in either the upper or lower mesophyll layer of the leaf tissue, often near the midrib. The gallery continues down the stem for a short distance. Larva have been recorded from April to August. They are 3–4 mm long and whitish yellow. - The cocoon is probably attached to detritus on the ground. - - This article on a moth of the Stigmella genus is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:49 -Carestiella - Wikipedia," - Carestiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Stictidaceae. It contains two species: Carestiella socia and Carestiella schizoxyloides.[1] - - - This Ostropales-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:52 -Robert Friedrich Wilms - Wikipedia,"Robert Friedrich Wilms (9 September 1824 – 23 September 1880) was a German surgeon. - Wilms was born in Arnswalde (today Choszczno in Poland). He studied medicine in Berlin, and in 1848 became an assistant at the Bethanien Hospital in Berlin. In 1852, he was named an ordinirenden physician and from 1862 onward, he served as Chefarzt (chief physician) at Bethanien Hospital. Wilms was a catalyst in establishing Bethanien Hospital as a center of learning for students and young surgical assistants.[1] Among of his better known assistants in Berlin were Edmund Rose (1836–1914, Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke (1842–1922), Ernst Georg Ferdinand Küster (1839–1930) and Werner Körte (1853–1937). During the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars, Wilms distinguished himself in his role as consultant Generalarzt (surgeon-general).[2] - Wilms is credited for reintroducing tracheal surgery for problems caused by diphtheria and for his work with operations that included urethrotomy (surgery of the urethra). While still a student, he was part of an expedition headed by Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858) to Helgoland, where he researched chaetognaths, which were the topic of his thesis, ""Observationes de Sagitta mare germanicum circa Helgoland"".[1] - - This article about a German person in the field of medicine is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:07:56 -Scarlett Westbrook - Wikipedia,"Scarlett Westbrook (born July 8, 2004) is a British climate justice activist and journalist. - She is noted for her work in climate and education policy, and was the youngest regular policy writer in Parliamentary history.[1] She is a spokesperson and coordinator with the UK Student Climate Network, head of political engagement at Teach the Future, a prominent figure in the Fridays for Future movement,[1][2] and a spokesperson for Labour for a Green New Deal.[3] - As a journalist, Westbrook has written for The Independent,[4] gal-dem,[5] the Metro[6] and i-D.[7] - Westbrook grew up in Birmingham. She was the youngest person in the world to obtain an A Level in Government and Politics, which she self-taught in 2018, aged 13.[8][9] Westbrook rose to prominence for journalism discussing Brexit and youth political engagement, beginning in December 2018 with an article that tackled the underrepresentation of youth in UK politics.[8] - Beginning in 2019, Westbrook became involved in climate justice activism. She co-organised Birmingham's first school strike for climate action,[10] before joining the UK Student Climate Network as a coordinator for community engagement, political outreach and organising around the Green New Deal.[11] She helped to organise Birmingham climate strikes in March and May 2019,[12] writing about the protests in The Independent ahead of the May global climate strike.[13] She continued to organise climate strike marches in Birmingham, London and across the UK.[14] - Westbrook became involved with the daughter organisation of the UK Student Climate Network, Teach the Future, and was appointed as Head of Political Engagement.[15] Through Teach the Future, Westbrook authored the first ever student-written bill, the English Climate Emergency Education Act.[16] In February 2020 Westbrook organised and spoke at the Parliamentary Reception for the English Climate Emergency Education Act,[17] receiving praise from MPs across the House. - In November 2021, the English Climate Education Emergency Bill was presented to Parliament by the MP Nadia Whittome.[18][19][20][21][22] Westbrook was interviewed about this first reading of the bill by i-D Magazine, stating ""By starting with climate education, and by starting with decarbonising schools, we're creating a legacy of climate justice. That means we can continue action, and it's sustainable, and continuous, and, hopefully, better for education.""[23] The bill is set to have its second reading on May 6, 2022.[24] - Westbrook has appeared at high-profile events and on national television, including an interview in 2019 on BBC Breakfast alongside Greta Thunberg, discussing the Global Climate Strike and the Green New Deal. She was also interviewed by ITV to discuss the petition for the leaders of the major political parties to hold a televised debate focused on the climate crisis ahead of the 2019 General Election, which she helped to launch as a spokesperson for the UK Student Climate Network.[25] She said, ""We can't really be guided by what's deemed to be politically possible, when we need what's scientifically necessary. Politics by definition is the process by which conflict is resolved and this is arguably the biggest crisis we've ever faced.""[25] In response, Channel 4 held the 'Emergency on Planet Earth' debate of party leaders on November 28, 2019.[26] This was the first ever party leaders’ debate focused exclusively on climate change in the UK.[27] - In 2020, Westbrook headlined the International Women’s Day march led by Care International in London, where she outlined the links between climate justice and justice for women, especially those living in the Global South.[28] She was the youngest-ever headline speaker at a Care International International Women’s Day mobilisation.[29] - Westbrook appeared again on BBC Breakfast on February 25, 2020 to introduce the Teach the Future campaign.[30] In June 2021, Westbrook was interviewed for Sky News about climate anxiety and her research that found that only four percent of students felt they knew enough about the climate crisis. She said ""We need the knowledge to be able to deal with this post-climate breakdown world that we're going to be entering, as we exit university and schooling and into the workforce.""[31] - In July 2020, Westbrook spoke at the Children’s Media Conference[32] and was named as one of Greenpeace's 30 Under 30 climate activists[33] and on September 23rd 2020 she won the Institute for Public Policy Research 'Big Ideas' policy event.[34] She went on to be the youngest person ever longlisted for the Merky Books writing prize in December 2020, and in February 2021 she became the youngest ever recipient of the Women of the Future Young Star award.[35] In November 2020 she was named as one of Forbes Top 100 UK Environmentalists.[36] - In 2021, Westbrook received the prestigious Diana Award for her journalism and environmental activism[37] and was named 'one of the UK's most high profile youth activists' by Sky.[38] - In November 2021 Westbrook attended COP26 in Glasgow, and her subsequent column 'Young people like me have made history this COP26 'youth day' – now it's your turn' in the Independent[39] was featured in The Week's list of best opinion columns.[40] Ahead of the conference, she was profiled in The Observer New Review,[41] the Evening Standard,[42] and National Geographic.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:08:00 -Secrets of a Successful Marriage - Wikipedia,"""Secrets of a Successful Marriage"" is the twenty-second and final episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 19, 1994. In the episode, Homer fears he may be a little slow, so he goes to the adult education center. While there, he decides to teach a class of his own on the secrets of a successful marriage, since that is the only class he is qualified to teach. However, to keep his students interested, he is forced to tell personal secrets about his wife Marge, which she dislikes, leading up to Homer getting kicked out of the house. - The episode was written by Greg Daniels and directed by Carlos Baeza. It features cultural references to the plays Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire, and the films ...And Justice for All, A Few Good Men, Patton, and Chinatown. - The episode has been analyzed in books such as Leaving Springfield and Education in Popular Culture. Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. - It acquired a Nielsen rating of 9.8, and was the second highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired. - After Homer realizes he is dim-witted, Marge suggests that he take an adult education course at the annex center. Once there, Homer changes his mind and decides to become a teacher. He agrees to teach a class about tips for a successful marriage. At first he is confident of his teaching abilities, but he is frightened on the first day of class and is unable to help his students with their relationship problems. As the class prepares to leave, Homer mentions his conversation with Marge in bed and the class, eager to hear gossip, decides to stay when Homer begins telling them personal secrets about Marge. - After hearing Homer's students mention her personal secrets, Marge confronts Homer, who promises to stop, but Homer continues to reveal information about Marge to his class. To impress his pupils, Homer invites them to his house to observe the family having dinner, but when Moe brings up one of the secrets Homer told the class, a furious Marge chases the students away and kicks Homer out of the house, no longer able to trust him. - Homeless, Homer stays in Bart's treehouse. Marge tries to reassure Bart and Lisa that she and Homer love them, despite their current separation, but Lisa and Bart worry their parents will get divorced. Wanting to mend his relationship with his wife, Homer returns to the house with flowers for Marge, but sadly gives in after seeing a bouquet brought for Marge by Moe. As he turns to leave, Homer says he can only offer her one thing: complete and utter dependency. Homer wins her over by saying he loves her and needs her to love him because he cannot afford to ever lose her trust again. The family is glad that Homer has returned. - The episode was written by Greg Daniels and directed by Carlos Baeza. It was the second script Daniels wrote for the show. He thought the staff had previously done many episodes where Homer ""wasn't good at anything"", so he tried to figure out something Homer was really good at, and he came up with the idea of Homer being a good husband.[1] While Bart had been the star of the show during the early years, by Season 5, the focus had shifted to Homer. Writer/showrunner Al Jean stated that because Homer is an adult character, he has more depth to him and thus storyline possibilities. Showrunner David Mirkin commented: ""Bart, to write him accurately as a child, he can only have so much depth at a certain age. With Homer, we try to explore all levels of adulthood. There are just more places to go. Writing Homer properly is the trick, he's our main rock of the whole series. Homer's IQ is fairly flexible, he won't necessarily understand how to open a door at some point, but he can name the Supreme Court justices. Finding that balance is key to making the show work and making it surprising and making it believable and emotionally grounded.""[2] Mirkin was very fond of the fact that Homer and Marge have the biggest fight they have ever had on the show in the episode, and he thought it was a ""really great"" exploration of their marriage. He noticed that because Homer is thrown out of the house, the audience really worry about their relationship. Mirkin had been asked many times why Marge and Homer are still together, to which he replied that all people stay together even if they argue, ""there's some sort of connection"".[3] - Homer sings the end of the theme song to Family Ties while talking to an administrator at the annex center. Smithers's recollection of his marriage parodies the two plays Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire, both written by American playwright Tennessee Williams.[4] Homer's bedroom rant to Marge is a parody mishmash of four popular films: ...And Justice for All (1979), A Few Good Men (1992), Patton (1970), and Chinatown (1974). He says: ""Look Marge, you don't know what it's like. I'm the one out there every day putting his ass on the line. And I'm not out of order! You're out of order. The whole freaking system is out of order. You want the truth? You want the truth?! You can't handle the truth! 'Cause when you reach over and put your hand into a pile of goo that was your best friend's face, you'll know what to do! Forget it, Marge, it's Chinatown,"" all of which are lines from those films.[5] - It was revealed in a flashback in the episode that Smithers was briefly married to a woman, but the two split up when he devoted too much time to his boss Mr. Burns. Smithers's relationship with Mr. Burns has long been a running joke on The Simpsons. His sexual orientation has often come into question, with some fans claiming he is a ""Burns-sexual"" and only attracted to his boss, while others maintain that he is, without a doubt, gay.[6][7] Matthew Henry wrote in the book Leaving Springfield that this episode is ""perhaps the best"" example of an attempt to portray an actual gay lifestyle on the show. Henry added that the flashback is a ""wonderfully rendered parody of scenes from two of Tennessee Williams's most famous plays, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and A Streetcar Named Desire. To fully appreciate it, one must know something of not only the two plays cited but also of Williams himself, of his own struggles with both heterosexual and homosexual desires and the way in which these struggles were incorporated into his art. The creators of The Simpsons offer what I think is a perfect parallel for the relationship between Smithers and Mr. Burns by combining Williams's two most notable male characters and their defining characteristics: the suppressed homosexual desire of Brick and desperate dependence of Stanley.""[8] - In their book Education in Popular Culture, Alma Harris, Roy Fisher, Ann Harris, and Christine Jarvis analyzes the adult education aspects of this episode that portrays adult learners as ""stupid and lazy"". The show initially makes it seem like adult education tutors have a relatively high status in society. ""However,"" the authors added, ""Homer's pride is undercut for the audience by the awareness of how he came to be appointed and by the subsequent representation of the adult education center"".[9] - Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from television critics. The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, thought it was a ""confident finale"" to the fifth season, which ""had seen the series become progressively more surreal and self-aware.""[4] - DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson wrote in December, 2004, that he thought the episode ended the season with a ""high note"", and that Homer’s insensitive gossiping about his relationship ""presents lots of good bits. It completes this excellent year well."" Jacobson's favorite line of the episode was ""This is a place of learning, not a house of hearing about things!"", which Homer tells his class after they demand him to reveal more secrets about him and Marge.[10] Also reviewing the season in December 2004, Bill Gibron of DVD Talk gave the episode a score of 4 out of 5.[11] - In his review of the Season 5 box set in early 2005, Patrick Bromley of DVD Verdict gave the episode a grade of A−, and commented that episodes focusing on the relationship between Homer and Marge can ""never fail"", and there are ""numerous opportunities for some classic Homer-isms"" in the episode.[12] - In an interview with Entertainment Weekly in March 2006, one-time Simpsons writer and comedian Ricky Gervais named ""Secrets of a Successful Marriage"" his fifth favorite episode of the show, and commented that Homer's line to Marge, ""I know now what I can offer you that no one else can. Complete and utter dependence,"" is ""so sweet, because he's right!""[13] - It was placed at number seven on Today's top ten The Simpsons episodes list in July, 2007. They felt the episode embodied Homer's qualities of being ""stupid, good-natured and mildly pathetic, [...] from his conversations with his brain [...] to his final proclamation that the one thing he can give Marge that no one else can is 'complete and utter dependence'.""[14] - In its original American broadcast, ""Secrets of a Successful Marriage"" finished forty-third in the ratings for the week of May 16 to May 22, 1994, with a Nielsen rating of 9.8. The episode was the second highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following Melrose Place.[15] - -",2023-08-26 18:08:04 -Sherley Anne Williams - Wikipedia," - Sherley Anne Williams (August 25, 1944 – July 6, 1999) was an American poet, novelist, professor, vocalist, jazz poet, playwright and social critic. Many of her works tell stories about her life in the African-American community. - Sherley Anne Williams was born in Bakersfield, California, to Lena Leila Marie Siler and Jessee Winston Williams, who were migrant farm workers.[1] - She was raised in the projects on the east side of Bakersfield and picked cotton and fruit with her parents and three sisters in the fields and orchards of Fresno, California. Williams was eight when her father died of tuberculosis and was 16 years old when her mother died from a heart attack.[2] - Williams graduated from Edison High School in Fresno, in 1962. In 1966 she earned her bachelor's degree in English at what is now California State University, Fresno, and she received her master's degree at Brown University in 1972. The following year (1973), Williams became a professor of African-American Literature at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD). Over the course of her career at UCSD, Williams served as chair of the literature department from 1977 to 1980, traveled to Ghana as a senior Fulbright scholar in 1984, and a served as a visiting professor at USC, Stanford, and Sweet Briar College.[3][4] In 1987, Williams was the Distinguished Professor of the Year by the UCSD Alumni Association.[5] - In 1998, Williams was awarded the African American Literature and Culture Society’s Stephen Henderson Award for Outstanding Achievement in Literature and Poetry.[6] - Williams published two collections of poetry: The Peacock Poems (1975), which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award, and Some One Sweet Angel Chile (1982), also nominated for a National Book Award. She won an Emmy Award for her television performance of poems from this collection.[7] Her novel Dessa Rose (1986) was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, received two laudatory reviews in The New York Times in 1986, was translated into several languages, and was adapted into a musical that premiered in 2005.[2][8] Dessa Rose was also excerpted in the anthology Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby.[9] Williams' one-woman play, Letters from a New England Negro (1992), was performed at the National Black Theater Festival in 1991 and at the Chicago International Theater Festival in 1992.[10] - Williams wrote two picture books, Working Cotton (1992), which won the Caldecott Award of the American Library Association and a Coretta Scott King book award, and Girls Together (1997).[1] For television, Williams wrote the programs Ours to Make (1973) and The Sherley Williams Special (1977).[11] Williams published the groundbreaking critical study of African-American writing Give Birth to Brightness: A Thematic Study of Neo-Black Literature in 1972. She was also selected to write the introduction for Zora Neale Hurston's 1991 edition of Their Eyes Were Watching God. - Williams was also known for her music, which mainly consisted of blues and jazz poetry. In 1982 Williams wrote, recorded, and self-published her debut single titled ""Some One Sweet Angel Chile"", which was re-released by Blues Economique Records in 1984. The music for ""Some One Sweet Angel Chile"" was composed by Bertram Turetzky. - In the early 1990s Williams reconnected with Bertram Turetzky for some recording sessions for his album Compositions And Improvisations, which also featured various jazz and blues artists including Vinny Golia, Jerome Rothenberg, Quincy Troupe, and Nancy Turetzky. Williams is credited as a vocalist for her contributions to Turetzky's album. Three of the songs featured on the album were previously-written poems by Williams recorded in musical format: ""One-Sided Bed Blues"", ""Big Red And His Brother"", and ""The Wishon Line"".[12][13] The album was recorded at Studio 101 in Solana Beach, California, during the summer of 1992, and released by Nine Winds Records in 1993. - Williams died of cancer on July 6, 1999, in San Diego, at the age of 54.[10] -",2023-08-26 18:08:08 -Ramaz Svanadze - Wikipedia,"Ramaz Svanadze (born 2 March 1981) is a retired Georgian football player and coach, who is currently the head coach of the Georgian U-21 football team. - Svanadze played for some Georgian clubs, before was forced to retire in 2005, at the age of 24, due to injury.[1] - He has been the caretaker coach of the senior team after Slovak coach Vladimír Weiss resigned from the team, and appeared at the last match of the UEFA Nations League on 18 November 2020, in a match against Estonia, in a 0–0 draw, finishing in third place in League C.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:08:11 -High-temperature corrosion - Wikipedia,"High-temperature corrosion is a mechanism of corrosion that takes place when gas turbines, diesel engines, furnaces or other machinery come in contact with hot gas containing certain contaminants. Fuel sometimes contains vanadium compounds or sulfates which can form compounds during combustion having a low melting point. These liquid melted salts are strongly corrosive for stainless steel and other alloys normally inert against the corrosion and high temperatures. Other high-temperature corrosions include high-temperature oxidation,[1] sulfidation and carbonization. High temperature oxidation and other corrosion types are commonly modelled using the Deal-Grove model to account for diffusion and reaction processes. - Two types of sulfate-induced hot corrosion are generally distinguished: Type I takes place above the melting point of sodium sulfate and Type II occurs below the melting point of sodium sulfate but in the presence of small amounts of SO3.[2][3] - In Type I the protective oxide scale is dissolved by the molten salt. Sulfur is released from the salt and diffuses into the metal substrate forming discrete grey/blue colored aluminum or chromium sulfides so that, after the salt layer has been removed, the steel cannot rebuild a new protective oxide layer. Alkali sulfates are formed from sulfur trioxide and sodium-containing compounds. As the formation of vanadates is preferred, sulfates are formed only if the amount of alkali metals is higher than the corresponding amount of vanadium.[3] - The same kind of attack has been observed for potassium and magnesium sulfate. - Vanadium is present in petroleum, especially from Canada, western United States, Venezuela and the Caribbean region, in the form of porphyrine complexes.[4] These complexes get concentrated on the higher-boiling fractions, which are the base of heavy residual fuel oils. Residues of sodium, primarily from sodium chloride and spent oil treatment chemicals, are also present. More than 100 ppm of sodium and vanadium will yield ash capable of causing fuel ash corrosion.[4] - Most fuels contain small traces of vanadium. The vanadium is oxidized to different vanadates. Molten vanadates present as deposits on metal can flux oxide scales and passivation layers. Furthermore, the presence of vanadium accelerates the diffusion of oxygen through the fused salt layer to the metal substrate; vanadates can be present in semiconducting or ionic form, where the semiconducting form has significantly higher corrosivity as the oxygen is transported via oxygen vacancies. Ionic form in contrast transports oxygen by diffusion of the vanadates, which is significantly slower. The semiconducting form is rich on vanadium pentoxide.[3][5] - At high temperatures or lower availability of oxygen, refractory oxides - vanadium dioxide and vanadium trioxide - form. These do not promote corrosion. However, at conditions most common for burning, vanadium pentoxide gets formed. Together with sodium oxide, vanadates of various composition ratios are formed. Vanadates of composition approximating Na2O.6 V2O5 have the highest corrosion rates at the temperatures between 593 °C and 816 °C; at lower temperatures the vanadate is in solid state, at higher temperatures vanadates with higher proportion of vanadium provide higher corrosion rates.[5][3] - The solubility of the passivation layer oxides in the molten vanadates depends on the composition of the oxide layer. Iron(III) oxide is readily soluble in vanadates between Na2O.6 V2O5 and 6 Na2O.V2O5, at temperatures below 705 °C in amounts up to equal to the mass of the vanadate. This composition range is common for ashes, which aggravates the problem. Chromium(III) oxide, nickel(II) oxide, and cobalt(II) oxide are less soluble in vanadates; they convert the vanadates to less corrosive ionic form and their vanadates are tightly adherent, refractory, and acting as oxygen barriers.[5][3] - The corrosion rate by vanadates can be lowered by lowering the amount of excess air for combustion (thus forming preferentially the refractory oxides), refractory coatings of the exposed surfaces, or use of high-chromium alloys, e.g. 50% Ni/50% Cr or 40% Ni/60% Cr. -[6] - The presence of sodium in a ratio of 1:3 gives the lowest melting point and must be avoided. This melting point of 535 °C can cause problems on the hot spots of the engine like piston crowns, valve seats, and turbochargers.[5][3] - Lead can form a low melting slag capable of fluxing protective oxide scales.[7][8] Lead is more often known for causing Stress corrosion cracking in common materials when exposed to molten lead. The cracking tendency of lead has been known for some time since most iron based alloys including steel containers and vessels for molten lead baths usually fail due to cracking.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:08:15 -Paul Kunz - Wikipedia,"Paul Kunz (December 20, 1942 – September 12, 2018)[1] was an American Particle physicist and software developer, who initiated the deployment of the first web server outside of Europe. After a meeting in September with Tim Berners-Lee of CERN, he returned to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center with word of the World Wide Web. By Thursday, December 12, 1991 there was an active web server, SPIRES HEP in place thanks to the efforts of Kunz, Louise Addis, and Terry Hung.[2] - He was also the originator of the free/open source GNUstep implementation of the NeXTSTEP framework and the idea for objcX. He was the chief developer of HippoDraw. - This biographical article relating to a computer specialist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a physicist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:08:18 -1953 Indiana Central Greyhounds football team - Wikipedia," - The 1953 Indiana Central Greyhounds football team was an American football team that represented Indiana Central College (now known as the University of Indianapolis) as a member of the Hoosier Collegiate Conference (HCC) during the 1953 college football season. In their second and final year under head coach Dave Shaw, the Greyhounds compiled a perfect 8–0 record (6–0 against Hoosier opponents), won the HCC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 154 to 52.[1][2] The 1954 season was the only perfect season in Indianapolis Greyhounds football history.[3] - Four Indiana Central players were selected as first-team players on the 1953 All-Hoosier football team: quarterback Dick Schrier; halfback Dick Nyers; center Abie Carter; and tackle John Hurrle. Two others were named to the second team: end Willis Oldham and guard Hal Cole.[4] Nyers led the team on offense with 73 points scored.[2] - The team played its home games at Delavan Smith Field in Indianapolis. - Regular players for Indiana Central, based on newspaper accounts cited above, were: -",2023-08-26 18:08:21 -"Annunciation (Botticelli, New York) - Wikipedia"," - The Annunciation (c. 1485–1492) is a small painting of the Annunciation by Sandro Botticelli. It is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The Metropolitan believe the work was painted as a single image for private devotional use, rather than as one of a set of predella scenes below the main panel of an altarpiece. [1] - The work is known to have been in the Barberini family collection in Rome in the 17th century, and later became part of the Robert Lehman Collection that was donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1969. - Boticelli also painted the Cestello Annunciation about the same time for Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi, and also an Annunciation for San Barnaba, Florence, now in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow, Scotland. -",2023-08-26 18:08:25 -1981–82 Hellenic Football League - Wikipedia,"The 1981–82 Hellenic Football League season was the 29th in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England. - The Premier Division featured 14 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with two new clubs, promoted from Division One: - The Division One featured 13 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with 3 new clubs: -",2023-08-26 18:08:28 -Nguyễn Văn Sỹ - Wikipedia,"Nguyễn Văn Sỹ (born 21 November 1971) is a Vietnamese football manager and former footballer who last managed Nam Định. - Nguyễn spent his entire playing career with Vietnamese side Nam Định and was regarded as an important midfielder for the Vietnam national football team during the middle to late 1990s and early 200s.[1][2][3][4] - This biographical article related to Vietnamese association football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:08:31 -List of films set around Valentine's Day - Wikipedia," - This is a list of films set on or around Valentine's Day. -",2023-08-26 18:08:35 -Avengers Campus - Wikipedia," - Avengers Campus[a][2][3] is a Marvel Cinematic Universe–themed area located at Disney California Adventure and Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris, and being developed for Hong Kong Disneyland.[4][5][6] The Marvel-themed areas or ""lands"" are being developed simultaneously at the three parks and inspired by the Marvel Cinematic Universe. However, they instead take place in the ""Marvel Theme Park Universe"",[7] an alternate universe parallel to it within the Marvel multiverse,[8] in which the Blip and related ensuing events introduced in Avengers: Infinity War did not occur.[9] They are designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, in collaboration with Marvel Studios and Marvel Themed Entertainment.[10] - These three parks all hosted a Marvel-themed seasonal event in the past,[11][12][13] which confirmed the demand for the integration of Marvel characters in the parks. - Based on three different continents, the Marvel-themed areas will be defined as the ""Super Hero campus"" of their specific region, that will help guests to become heroes.[14] Each area will feature mostly different sets of attractions and entertainment, while being strongly interconnected with each other by sharing a common narrative.[15] - Avengers Campus at Disney California Adventure is centered around an Avengers campus located on the former shared grounds of a Stark Industries plant and Strategic Scientific Reserve complex. The area takes up the space previously occupied by A Bug's Land—with Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure using the same show building that previously housed the It's Tough to Be a Bug! attraction—as well as absorbing the nearby Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! attraction that was previously designated in Hollywood Land. - A Bug's Land closed on September 5, 2018, to make way for the new area. At the 2017 D23 Expo, Disney announced the Guardians of the Galaxy attraction would be joined by Spider-Man and the Avengers as part of the new immersive superhero-themed area at the park. Disney initially announced on March 11, 2020, that Avengers Campus would open on July 18, 2020, but was delayed due to the theme parks being shut down caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and two stay at home orders issued by California Governor Gavin Newsom.[16][17] In late December 2020, Disney announced that Avengers Campus was scheduled to open in 2021.[18] Due to a 1994 contract with Universal Parks & Resorts, Disney cannot use the ""Marvel"" name in the park's branding or attractions.[19][20] In April 2021, Disney announced that the area would open on June 4, 2021.[21] - On February 28, 2022, to honor Stan Lee, the park dedicated a plaque by an entrance to the Campus surrounded by blue planters as Lee would have celebrated his 100th Birthday in December 2022. The plaque's inscription reads: ""We dedicate Avengers Campus to the incomparable Stan Lee. 'That person who helps others simply because it should or must be done and because it's the right thing to do, is indeed without a doubt a real superhero.' Thank you, Stan, for inspiring the hero within each of us. You have made us all True Believers.""[22] - Avengers Headquarters - Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure - Doctor Strange: Mysteries of the Mystic Arts - Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! - WEB Suppliers - Pym Test Kitchen - Shawarma Palace - Many of the meet and greet characters appearances are timed to the release of their associated Marvel Studios film or television project. - The version at Walt Disney Studios Park (Disneyland Paris) exists on the former Backlot area of the park.[14][53] It includes Avengers Assemble: Flight Force (a re-theme of the park's opening day attraction Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith that features Iron Man and Captain Marvel) and Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure from California, now titled as Spider-Man W.E.B. Adventure.[5][54][55] The area opened on July 20, 2022.[56][57] - In the Training Center, guests can meet Spider-Man, Iron Man, or other Marvel characters. The experience features a dynamic ""freeze frame"" video sequence, created with Disney Photo Pass through 27 cameras placed around the area.[58] - The version at Hong Kong Disneyland was announced in 2016, as part of the park's expansion plan.[59] It will take over part of Tomorrowland and will be themed as the Stark Expo based in Hong Kong, where guests are asked to join the Super Heroes in their battles.[60] This version entered phase 2 in 2019, which includes Ant-Man and The Wasp: Nano Battle![61] in the Science and Technology Pavilion of Stark Expo, along with a new retail facility and themed food.[62] This new attraction joined the Iron Man Experience, which opened in 2017 and took up the area where the former Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters attraction used to be. On top of this, there will be new attractions and other forms of entertainment added to the land up until the year 2023, when a brand new Avengers themed ride will open, taking over the area previously occupied by Autopia.[63][64] - The music for the themed land at Disney California Adventure was arranged by John Paesano, who referenced themes from the MCU's Avengers, Spider-Man, Doctor Strange, Guardians of the Galaxy, Ant-Man, Captain Marvel, and Black Panther films. A single entitled ""Welcome Recruits"" was digitally released by Hollywood Records and Marvel Music on April 22, 2022.[65] -",2023-08-26 18:08:39 -Mohammad Adeeb - Wikipedia," - Mohammad Adeeb (born 5 September 1945) is an Indian politician from Delhi. He has been a former president of Rashtrawadi Samaj Party.[1] - Before being a member of the Rajya Sabha represented the Bahujan Samaj Party.[2][3][4] In 2019, he joined Shivpal Yadav's Samajwadi Party along with some Muslim leaders after the alliance of Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party.[4] - He graduated from Aligarh Muslim University and recently penned a book titled 'Zindagi Zara Ahista Chal', that sheds lights on the 50-year Muslim politics.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:08:43 -Give This Christmas Away - Wikipedia," - ""Give This Christmas Away"" is a Christmas song by American contemporary Christian musician and singer-songwriter Matthew West from his 2011 Christmas album The Heart of Christmas.[2] The song was released as a single on October 6, 2009. It features guest vocals from American singer and songwriter Amy Grant. The song became West's fourth Hot Christian Songs No. 1 and Grant's first, staying there for one week.[3] It lasted 6 weeks on the overall chart.[4] It also had the biggest drop from No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs of all time, falling to No. 46 the following week.[5] The song is played in a C major key, and 174 beats per minute.[6] - ""Give This Christmas Away"" was released on October 6, 2009, as a single from his first Christmas album The Heart of Christmas.[7] The song inspired West to make his own campaign using the song as a message. He wrote and recorded it for VeggieTales with its new DVD release, ""Saint Nicholas–A Story of Joyful Giving.""[8] The campaign brings attention to the types of ways we can reach out to those in need around us. West explains,""What it means to me to ‘give this Christmas away’ is to pause long enough to look at the world from a perspective of ‘How can I help? How can I give? How can God use me to help meet the needs of somebody else this Christmas instead of just checking off the list of everything I want?'""[9] - A book, ""Give This Christmas Away (101 simple & thoughtful ways to...)"", was inspired by the song's release, published by Tyndale Publishers.[10] - The music video for the single ""Give This Christmas Away"" was released on October 6, 2009.[11][12] The visual features West and Grant performing the song with scenes of children receiving gifts appear throughout. - CD release[13] -",2023-08-26 18:08:47 -"Jama Mosque, Champaner - Wikipedia"," - Jami Masjid (also known as, Jama Masjid; meaning ""public mosque"") in Champaner, Gujarat state, western India, is part of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is among the 114 monuments there which are listed by the Baroda Heritage Trust.[1] It is located about 150 feet (46 m) east of the city walls (Jahdnpandh), near the east gate. - The mosque dates to 1513; construction was carried out over 25 years.[2] It is one of the most notable monuments built by Sultan Mahmud Begada. The Mughal architecture is said to have drawn from the architecture of the Sultanates, which is a blend of Jain religious connotations and workmanship with Muslim ethos; the large domes are indicative of such a mix.[3][4][5][6] Restoration works were carried out in the 1890s.[7] - It has a blend of Jain[8] and Muslim architecture, preserving the Islamic ethos, and is considered one of the finest mosques in Western India with its elegant interiors.[5] The ornamentation of the surface areas of the mosque and tomb consists of symbols of motifs of the Sun, diamonds, pots and vines, and lotus insignia which were used in the earlier temples; the artists of the region who worked on these monuments had imbibed their craftsmanship from their forefathers and they were not sectarian in character as they worked on assignments given by Hindus, Muslims or Jains. This mosque had three oblong mural plaques, one at the top of the pulpit and the other two on the sides, with engravings of hymns from the Koran. - The building is two-storied,[9] with both Islamic and Hindu styles of decoration.[2] The plan is similar to that of the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque in Ahmedabad; it is rectangular with the entrance on the east side. There is a portico which has a large dome built over a podium. There are steps to the mosque from northern and southern directions. Tall octagonal minarets 30 metres (98 ft) in height are situated on both sides of the main carved[2][10] entrance.[11] A typical Gujarat style of architecture is seen in the form of oriel windows with distinctive carvings on the outer surface.[10] The carved roof contains several domes,[11] and the courtyard is large.[2] There are seven mihrabs and the entrance gates are carved and fitted with fine stone jalis. - Multiple prayer halls are separated by almost 200 pillars.[11] The main prayer hall has eleven domes, with the central dome, a double-storied structure, built on pillars in an arcade form. The ruler's prayer hall is separated from the main area by jalis.[2][6][12] There is a double clerestory in one of the domes. Other interior features include an arcuate maqsurah screen, trabeate hypostyle lwan, double square side wings, zanana enclosure, and screened off northern mihrab.[13] - Tombs have been built adjacent to the mosque, invariably to a square plan with columns and domes erected over them, and also embellished with decorations.[4] An ablution tank of octagonal kund appearance[9] is near the building; it was used for rainwater harvesting and washing before prayer. The mosque has become a place of pilgrimage for those who seek blessings from the pir who is buried in one corner of the garden.[14] - Ceiling fractal carvings resemble to Kalpavriksha illustration in Dilwara Jain Temple[15][16] - Sky light and supports of main dome - 'Jaali' design at minar base - Minars - Open roof of the entry hall -",2023-08-26 18:08:50 -Lucrecia Ngui - Wikipedia," - Lucrecia Ngui Engonga (born 24 October 1988), simply known as Lucrecia, is an Equatoguinean footballer who plays as a midfielder. She is a member of the Equatorial Guinea women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.[1] - - This biographical article related to women's association football in Equatorial Guinea is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:08:54 -"St. Francis Xavier Catholic High School, Ontario - Wikipedia","St. Francis Xavier Catholic High School is an English Catholic high school that serves the Clarence-Rockland community in Eastern Ontario. It is located at 1235 Russell Road, southeast of the village of Hammond. The school's mascot is the Falcons. It is home to 450 students across the Prescott-Russell County. The school opened in 1993. Check out the Virtual Tour. -  WikiMiniAtlas45°25′17″N 75°12′34″W / 45.42151°N 75.20954°W / 45.42151; -75.20954 - - This Ontario school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:08:57 -Gelah Sur - Wikipedia,"Gelah Sur (Persian: گله سور, also Romanized as Gelah Sūr, Galehsūr, and Geleh Sūr)[1] is a village in Saral Rural District, Saral District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 250, in 50 families.[2] The village is populated by Kurds.[3] - This Divandarreh County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:09:01 -Leaving Islam - Wikipedia,"Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out is a 2003 book, authored and edited by ex-Muslim and secularist Ibn Warraq, that researches and documents cases of apostasy in Islam. It also contains a collection of essays by ex-Muslims recounting their own experience in leaving the Islamic religion.[1][2] - Leaving Islam is divided into four parts, with a preface and five appendices.[3] - The first part of the book presents an overview of the theological-juridical underpinnings of apostasy in Islam based upon the Qur’an, the hadiths and written opinions from classical schools of Islamic jurisprudence, as well as contemporary written pronouncements of Islamic jurists. - The next section presents the history of the application of Islamic jurisprudence on apostates, documenting notable cases from the early centuries of Islam, such as those of freethinkers Ibn al-Rawandi and Rhazes (865–925), or skeptical poets such as Omar Khayyam (1048–1131)[4] and Hafiz (1320–89), or Sufi (mystic) practitioners Mansur Al-Hallaj (executed in 922), As-Suhrawardi (executed in 1191), and the skeptic al-Ma'arri (973–1057).[4] - Part 2 consists of numerous case studies, covering modern-day apostasies, and conversions-out-of-Islam trends throughout the world. These were submitted to the website of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society (ISIS), co-founded by Ibn Warraq. - The third part contains testimonies of Muslim-raised apostates, including the ex-Muslim Ali Sina. According to Sina, it is no longer sufficient to simply not believe anymore, but ""it is our duty to expose Islam, to write about Muhammad's depraved lifestyle, about his shameful acts and his foolish claims.""[5] Many of the authors are from Iran, Pakistan and Bangladesh, where a strict version of Islam dominates society, even though the lingua franca isn't Arabic, and these authors only discovered the real meaning of the texts after reading translations of the Quran, hadith and other early Islamic writings when they moved to the West.[5] - The last part is about people born in the West who were not raised as Muslims, but converted to Islam in later life, and then deconverted out of Islam again. - The appendix ""Islam on Trial: The Textual Evidence"" cites, amongst other scriptural sources, Sahih Bukhari, Volume 9, Book 84, Number 57: ""Whoever changes his religion, kill him.""[2] - On 24 June 2003, Ibn Warraq held a public lecture (in disguise, to protect his identity) in Cambridge, Massachusetts about the book and the context in which it was composed.[6]: 11:39  He cited several of his co-authors and other ex-Muslims who decided to leave the faith for a variety of reasons, but stated that these people rarely dared to speak out for themselves, and non-Muslims such as Western publishers often refused to grant them a platform out of fear.[6]: 13:52  Unlike himself however, Warraq said he was surprised that many co-authors, especially the women (whose stories he thought readers would ""find the most moving""), were prepared to write their testimonies under their real names rather than pseudonyms.[6]: 34:16  - In a July 2003 interview with The Religion Report on Australia's ABC Radio National, Warraq said he wrote Leaving Islam to support his claim that there were a large number of ex-Muslims and to encourage other Muslims to openly leave Islam. He also said his target audience with the book was not just Muslims but everyone.[7] - Aside from giving Muslim apostates a voice, Warraq also conveyed his idea that ex-Muslims should take the lead in criticising Islam and Islamism. As former Muslims, they have experienced Islam from within, and know it better than critics from outside, and perhaps can speak about it with more authority. To support this, Warraq compared 1930s Bolshevism and 1990s Islamism, and modern-day ex-Muslims to ex-communists from the 1930s, referencing Arthur Koestler's statement to his formerly fellow communists: ""You hate our Cassandra cries and resent us as allies, but when all is said, we ex-Communists are the only people on your side who know what it's all about.""[6]: 24:46  - Some weeks before publication, a few writings taken from Leaving Islam were made available online on the website of Warraq's Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society. Reviewing these previews for Dutch daily newspaper Trouw, scholar of Islam Hans Jansen noted that, although ""not all of the testimonies are written down in equally pretty English"", he accepted this consequence of the World Wide Web being accessible around the globe and users with other native languages now able to communicate in unprecedented ways that censorship would previously prevent. ""For the first time in history, Muslims will have unrestrained access to anti-Islamic polemics. The rule, applying in all Islamic countries, that only Islam may enter the marketplace of new religious ideas, has definitively come to an end due to the Internet, and Ibn Warraq.""[8] - The New York Review of Books commented that Leaving Islam is ""probably the first book of its kind — a compendium of testimonies from former Muslims about their estrangement from the Islamic faith."" Finding the personal stories widely varying in quality (""from the tragic to the trite""), it remarked that the ""long and illustrious history of Muslim doubt"" in the book's first part was most informative.[9] - According to The Boston Globe, ""Leaving Islam's stories make eye-opening reading.""[10] - When a Dutch translation by Bernadette de Wit (with a foreword by Afshin Ellian) was published in 2008, de Volkskrant found the book ""interesting, because it shows how the process of deconversion occurs in Muslim migrants."" On the other hand, there was an apparent inconsistency in the authors' attitude towards the Abrahamic holy books. They agreed that both the Quran and the Bible described many atrocities and contained a lot of immoral commandments, but while modern Christians and Jews were praised for cherry-picking the good bits and ignoring the unethical parts or taking them as parables, the contributors of Leaving Islam tended to claim that modern Muslims who try to do the same are blind to what the texts literally say, and should stop believing in them altogether.[5] - Trouw journalist Eildert Mulder noted that the ex-Muslims' testimonies had a lot in common with those of ex-Christians. However, the latter usually focus on attacking the churches, or recounting how they suffered from their Christian upbringing; they rarely target the character of Jesus: ""Criticism is restricted to the observation that one cannot walk on water, nor rise from the dead."" In Leaving Islam, Mulder read that ""Amongst deconverted Muslims, on the other hand, the aversion towards the prophet's personality is an important reason to break away from their religion. (...) The anger against Muhammad is enormous amongst apostates,"" especially concerning the oppression of women, human rights violations and mass murder. Although Warraq does discuss a few such cases in the book, Mulder criticised Warraq's website for featuring only ex-Muslim atheists and agnostics' excerpts from the book, and none from people who left Islam for another religion: ""This website is not dedicated to people who have exchanged one type of irrationality for another."" Mulder concludes that the books' contributors are ""impressive, because these people have literally put their lives on the line.""[4] - In a similar book, The Apostates: When Muslims Leave Islam (2015), Simon Cottee challenged Leaving Islam's assertion that the fact that the death penalty for apostasy is supported by several passages in the hadith, this means this reflects the 21st-century mainstream Muslim opinion on the matter.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:09:05 -Geoffrey Enthoven - Wikipedia,"Geoffrey Enthoven (born 6 May 1974) is a Belgian film director, screenwriter and film editor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent in 1999, he achieved several nominations and awards during his career.[1] - His first full-length film, Children of Love was greeted with enthusiasm and not only won the Audience Award at the Flanders International Film Festival Ghent but also received the Special Mention at the International Film Festival Mannheim-Heidelberg.[2] His second film, The Only One, was named best Belgian film of 2006 by the Belgian Film Critics Association, winning the André Cavens Award.[3] - His fifth film is Come as You Are (2011). -His latest film is Halfway (2014). - - This article about a Belgian film director is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:09:08 -Fender (surname) - Wikipedia,"Fender is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:09:12 -Lepeda Beach - Wikipedia," WikiMiniAtlas38°10′43″N 20°26′24″E / 38.1786°N 20.4399°E / 38.1786; 20.4399 - Lepeda Beach is a beach in the south east of the Paliki, in Kefalonia, Greece. The beach is about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Lixouri. - The beach is at the end of a length of coast road. A steep curved ramp leads down to an open bay with a strip of orange-red sandy beach, which is up to 10 metres (33 ft) wide in places. The beach is about 150 m (490 ft) long, with ample access for swimming, along with having sets of distinctive rocks near shore margin towards the north end of the beach.[1] - The adjacent area is composed of local limestone with a brushwood cover. Homes with beach front access dot the area. - A short, steep, well-made road leads down to the beach area. The beach has a single small shop selling drinks. It is possible to hire a sunshade. A volleyball net is often in place. Many people try and park on the steep road, however, going right to the bottom of the incline and turning left immediately in front of the small shop leads down a road to a larger car park area. -",2023-08-26 18:09:16 -Canarsie Pol - Wikipedia," - Canarsie Pol is an uninhabited island south of Canarsie, Brooklyn in Jamaica Bay, New York City. It is part of Gateway National Recreation Area.[1] Canarsie Pol is an irregular oval of about 300 acres (120 ha) (17,050,000 square feet (1,584,000 m2)). On 1910 maps, the island was originally much smaller; however, when nearby waterways were dredged to expand them for improved navigation, the sand and soil were piled on Canarsie Pol.[2] Near the island are other islands and marshes in the bay. Canarsie Pol has an elevation of 10 feet (3.0 m), and is a popular destination for kayakers embarking from the Canarsie Pier.[3][4] -  WikiMiniAtlas40°37′15″N 73°52′18″W / 40.62083°N 73.87167°W / 40.62083; -73.87167 - - This article about a location in Brooklyn, New York is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:09:19 -Preston baronets - Wikipedia," -There have been four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Preston, two in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of England and another in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. - The Preston Baronetcy, of Airdrie in the County of Fife, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 22 February 1628 for John Preston. The descent after the death of the fourth Baronet sometime after 1701 and the accession of Robert Preston in 1784 is uncertain. The title became dormant on the latter's death in c. 1792. - The Preston Baronetcy, of Valleyfield in the County of Perth, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 13 March 1637 for George Preston. The fifth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Kirkcaldy Burghs. The title became dormant on the death of the ninth Baronet in 1873. George Preston, a great-nephew of the first baronet and father of the seventh baronet, was a lieutenant-general and colonel of the Scots Greys. - The Preston Baronetcy, of Furness in the County of Lancaster, was created in the Baronetage of England on 1 April 1644 for George Preston, descended from the de Preston family which during the reign of King Henry II (1154-1189) was seated at Preston Richard and Preston Patrick in Westmorland.[1] The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1709. - The Preston Baronetcy, of Beeston St Lawrence in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 May 1815 for Thomas Hulton Preston. Born Thomas Hulton, he was the son of Henry Hulton and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Preston of Beeston St Lawrence, whose estates he inherited. In 1804 he assumed the surname of Preston in lieu of his patronymic. The second Baronet served as High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1847. - succession unclear until 1784 - There is no heir to the baronetcy. -",2023-08-26 18:09:23 -Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard - Wikipedia," - The Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard (Uma notata) is a species of medium-sized, diurnal lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae.[3][4] It is adapted to arid climates and is most commonly found in sand dunes within the Colorado Desert of the United States and Mexico. - It was originally described by Baird in 1859 as having a head that was two-fifths the size if the head and body, was a light pea-green spotted with darker green and with a white underside.[2] - It can be distinguished from the Mojave fringe-toed lizard and the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard by its orange/pinkish stripes on the sides of its underside, while the backs have much similar appearances.[5] - The former subspecies Uma notata rufopunctata has had an unsettled taxonomy,[3] and in 2016 was found to represent a hybrid between Uma notata and Uma cowlesi.[6] - The Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard (Uma notata) occupy the vast windblown sands of the Algodones Dunes in Imperial County, California and crossing the border into Sonora, Mexico.[7] - - This lizard article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:09:27 -King's Inns - Wikipedia," - The Honorable Society of King's Inns[a] (Irish: Cumann Onórach Óstaí an Rí) is the ""Inn of Court"" for the Bar of Ireland. Established in 1541, King's Inns is Ireland's oldest school of law and one of Ireland's significant historical environments. - The Benchers of King's Inns award the degree of barrister-at-law necessary to qualify as a barrister and be called to the bar in Ireland. As well as training future and qualified barristers, the school extends its reach to a diverse community of people from legal and non-legal backgrounds offering a range of accessible part-time courses in specialist areas of the law. - The society was granted a royal charter by King Henry VIII in 1541, 51 years before Trinity College Dublin was founded, making it one of the oldest professional and educational institutions in the English-speaking world. The founders named their society in honour of King Henry VIII of England and his newly established Kingdom of Ireland. It secured a lease of lands, originally called ""Blackfriars"", at Inns Quay on the north bank of the River Liffey in Dublin. It was reconstituted in 1607, having been inactive for some time. In 1790 the Inns Quays site was acquired for the purposes of the Four Courts; the foundation stone at the present building at the top of Henrietta Street was laid on 1 August 1800, with James Gandon being commissioned as the architect. The building was completed by his pupil Henry Aaron Baker.[2] Turn Again Lane, adjacent to the grounds, was renamed King's Inns Street. - From almost the moment that King's Inns was founded, Irishmen who wished to practise as barristers were required to attend the English Inns of Court in London, and that requirement stayed in place until the late nineteenth century. Only from the middle of the eighteenth century onwards were courses of legal education provided at King's Inns.[3] - King's Inns initially hoped the 1920–1922 partition of Ireland would not end its all-island remit, and it set up a ""Committee of Fifteen"" Northern Ireland benchers in 1922.[4] These sought more independence and separatism was fuelled by King's Inns' admitting in 1925 as a barrister of Kevin O'Higgins, who had not sat the exams but was Minister for Justice in the Irish Free State.[4] In 1926 a separate inn of court in Northern Ireland catered for the Bar of Northern Ireland.[4] In 1929 Hugh Kennedy succeeded in making knowledge of Irish compulsory for admission to King's Inns.[4] - The society had generally kept a low profile in current affairs in Ireland, though it did come to prominence in 1972, when financial difficulties led to it selling a considerable stock of non-legal books it had in its library. The library collection dates from the end of the 18th century (when it also adopted its motto 'Nolumus mutari'[7]), and was based in part on that of Christopher Robinson, senior puisne judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland), who died in 1787. Books were sold at auction at Sotheby's, London, and a considerable stock of them was sold to clients outside Ireland. This was seen at the time as a major cultural outflow, as many of the books were of historical and cultural significance.[8] In addition, its library had received an annual grant since 1945 for the upkeep of the books from the Irish Exchequer. - A King's Inns team or individual has often won the Irish Times National Debating Championship, and in 2010 won the European Universities Debating Championships. In 2006 the Inns' hurling team competed in and won the Fergal Maher Cup (3rd Level Division 3) in their inaugural year and subsequently reached the final and semi-final. - The Hungry Tree, a London Plane that is encapsulating a park bench, lies in the grounds of the King's Inns, near the south gate.[9] - See also Category:Alumni of King's Inns -",2023-08-26 18:09:30 -Thee Undatakerz - Wikipedia,"Thee Undatakerz were an American hip hop group composed of Reverand Tom (Kool Keith), Al Bury-U (BIG NONAME), M-Balmer and The Funeral Director. They were signed to Activate Entertainment. - The group was formed by Kool Keith in 2003 with members Al Bury-U (a.k.a. BIGNONAME), M-Balmer and The Funeral Director as well as Kool Keith himself, who adopted the persona of Reverand Tom. The group released their debut album, Kool Keith Presents Thee Undatakerz on May 11, 2004. The album was not a huge commercial success but did feature the semi-successful single, ""Party in tha Morgue"", which would later appear on the soundtrack for Blade: Trinity. Kool Keith Presents Thee Undatakerz has thus far been the only album released by the group. It is unknown whether the group will return. -",2023-08-26 18:09:34 -Charles Joseph Bonaparte - Wikipedia," - Charles Joseph Bonaparte (/ˈboʊnəpɑːrt/; June 9, 1851 – June 28, 1921) was an American lawyer and political activist for progressive and liberal causes. Originally from Baltimore, Maryland, he served in the cabinet of the 26th U.S. president, Theodore Roosevelt. He was a descendant of the House of Bonaparte: his grandfather was Jérôme Bonaparte, brother of Emperor Napoleon.[1] - Bonaparte was the U.S. Secretary of the Navy and later the U.S. Attorney General.[2] During his tenure as Attorney General, he created the Bureau of Investigation (now the FBI).[3][4] -Bonaparte was one of the founders, and for a time the president, of the National Municipal League. He was also a long-time activist for the rights of black residents of his native city of Baltimore.[5] - Bonaparte was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on June 9, 1851, the son of Jérôme (""Bo"") Napoleon Bonaparte (1805–1870), and Susan May Williams (1812–1881), from whom the American line of the Bonaparte family descended, and a grandson of Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia, the youngest brother of French emperor Napoleon. However, the American Bonapartes were not considered part of the dynasty and never used any titles. - Bonaparte graduated from Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1871 and lived in Grays Hall during his freshman year. He then continued to Harvard Law School, where he later served as a university overseer. He practiced law in Baltimore and became prominent in municipal and national reform movements. - In 1899, Bonaparte was the keynote speaker for the first graduating class of the Roman Catholic women's institution run by the Order of the School Sisters of Notre Dame, the College of Notre Dame of Maryland (now Notre Dame of Maryland University). He spoke on ""The Significance of the Bachelor's Degree"": - Today, and here for the first time in America, a Catholic college for the education of young ladies bestows the bachelor's degree.... - The Style of Scholarship... which benefits the recipient of the bachelor's degree has two distinctive and essential marks. It implies in the first place a broad, generous sympathy with every form of honest, rational and disinterested study or research. -A Scholar who is also, and first of all, a gentleman may be... specially interested is some particular field of knowledge, but he is indifferent to none. He knows how to value every successful effort to master truth; how to look beyond the little things of science... to the great things – God's handiwork as seen in nature, God's mind as shadowed in the workings of the minds of men. - -Young ladies, if this degree has such meaning for your brothers, what meaning has it for you.[6] Bonaparte lived in a townhouse in the north Baltimore neighborhood of Mount Vernon-Belvedere and had a country estate in suburban Baltimore County, Maryland, which surrounds the city on the west, north and east. His home, Bella Vista, was designed by the architects James Bosley Noel Wyatt (1847–1926) and William G. Nolting (1866–1940), in the prominent local architectural partnership firm of Wyatt & Nolting in 1896.[7] It lies east of the Harford Road (Maryland Route 147) in an area called Glen Arm. The house was not electrified since Bonaparte refused to have electricity or telegraph lines installed from a dislike of technology, verified by his use of horse-drawn coach until his death in the early 1920s.[8] - Bonaparte was a founder of the Reform League of Baltimore, organized in 1885. The League gained a clean sweep of municipal elections in 1895: long-time minority progressive liberal Republicans ousted many Democratic machine politicians in heavily Democratic wards. The League men governed with clean hands for a brief time, providing a certain amount of efficient municipal government. - Bonaparte was a member of the Board of Indian Commissioners from 1902 to 1904, chairman of the National Civil Service Reform League in 1904, and appointed a trustee of The Catholic University of America in northeast Washington, D.C. - In the 1904 United States presidential election, Bonaparte was named one of eight Republican candidates for presidential elector.[9] Maryland at this time chose electors individually, in an at-large election. In an unusual result, Bonaparte got the most votes of any candidate, narrowly outpolling the eight Democrat candidates, who narrowly outpolled the other seven Republicans.[10] Thus Bonaparte was the only Republican elector from Maryland, which may have reflected his personal reputation. - In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Bonaparte Secretary of the Navy. In 1906 Bonaparte moved to the office of Attorney General, which he held until the end of Roosevelt's term. He was active in suits brought against the trusts and initiated the suit which broke up the monopolistic American Tobacco Company. He became known as ""Charlie, the Crook Chaser"". In 1908, Bonaparte established a Bureau of Investigation (BOI) within the Department of Justice, under the direction of the Attorney General himself. The BOI later became the FBI. - On September 1, 1875, Bonaparte married Ellen Channing Day (1852–1924), daughter of attorney Thomas Mills Day and Anna Jones Dunn. They had no children. - In 1903, he was awarded the Laetare Medal by the University of Notre Dame, the oldest and most prestigious award for American Catholics.[11] - Bonaparte died in Bella Vista at age 70 and is interred at southwest Baltimore's landmark Loudon Park Cemetery. He died of ""Saint Vitus' dance"", a nonspecific term used at the time to refer to chorea. A nearby street in Baltimore County bears the name of Bonaparte Avenue. - After Bonaparte's death, the house was later owned by bootleggers Peter and Michael Kelly. After they left, it was destroyed in a fire caused by faulty wiring on January 20, 1933. The site was replaced by a poured concrete mansion, but a large carriage house, dating back to 1896, is still on the estate.[7] -",2023-08-26 18:09:38 -Sly Dunbar - Wikipedia," - Lowell Fillmore ""Sly"" Dunbar (born 10 May 1952, Kingston, Jamaica)[1] is a drummer, best known as one half of the prolific Jamaican rhythm section and reggae production duo Sly and Robbie. - Dunbar began playing at 15 in a band called The Yardbrooms. His first appearance on a recording was on the Dave and Ansell Collins album Double Barrel. Dunbar joined a band Ansell Collins called Skin, Flesh and Bones.[1] - Speaking on his influences, Sly explains “My mentor was the drummer for the Skatalites, Lloyd Knibb. And I used to listen a lot to the drummer for Booker T. & the M.G.'s, Al Jackson Jr., and a lot of Philadelphia. And there are other drummers in Jamaica, like Santa and Carly from the Wailers Band, Winston Bennett, Paul Douglas, Mikey Boo. I respect all these drummers and have learnt a lot from them. From them, I listened and created my own style. They played some things I copied, other things I recreated.""[2] - In 1972, Dunbar met and became friends with Robbie Shakespeare, who was then bass guitarist for the Hippy Boys. Shakespeare recommended Dunbar to Bunny Lee as a possible session drummer for the Aggrovators. Dunbar and Shakespeare decided to continue performing together. They worked with Peter Tosh and his band until 1981, recording five albums.[1] - Dunbar noted about the Mighty Diamonds' song ""Right Time"": ""When that tune first come out, because of that double tap on the rim nobody believe it was me on the drums, they thought it was some sort of sound effect we was using. Then when it go to number 1 and stay there, everybody started trying for that style and it soon become established.""[3] According to The Independent, the entire album Right Time was ""revolutionary"", the breakthrough album of ""masters of groove and propulsion"" Dunbar and Shakespeare, with ""Sly's radical drumming matching the singers' insurrectionary lyrics blow-for-blow.""[4] - Dunbar and Shakespeare formed their Taxi Records label in 1980. It has seen releases from many international successful artists, including Black Uhuru, Chaka Demus and Pliers, Ini Kamoze, Beenie Man and Red Dragon.[1] - Dunbar played for the Aggrovators for Bunny Lee, the Upsetters for Lee Perry, the Revolutionaries for Joseph Hoo Kim, and recorded for Barry O'Hare in the 1990s.[1] - Dunbar plays drums on several noteworthy tracks produced by Lee Perry including ""Night Doctor"", Junior Murvin's ""Police and Thieves"", and Bob Marley's ""Punky Reggae Party"" 12"" track (although the track was produced by Perry, Dunbar's drum track was actually recorded at Joe Gibbs Duhaney Park studio).[5] - Sly and Robbie also played on Bob Dylan's albums Infidels and Empire Burlesque (using recordings from the Infidels sessions). Other sessions include their appearance on three Grace Jones albums, and work with Herbie Hancock, Joe Cocker, Serge Gainsbourg and the Rolling Stones.[1] - In 2008, Sly Dunbar collaborated with the Jamaican percussionist Larry McDonald, on his debut album Drumquestra.[6] - Dunbar appeared in the 2011 documentary Reggae Got Soul: The Story of Toots and the Maytals which was featured on the BBC and described as “The untold story of one of the most influential artists ever to come out of Jamaica”.[7][8] - In 1979, Brian Eno remarked of Sly Dunbar: "" (...) So when you buy a reggae record, there's a 90 percent chance the drummer is Sly Dunbar. You get the impression that Sly Dunbar is chained to a studio seat somewhere in Jamaica, but in fact what happens is that his drum tracks are so interesting, they get used again and again.""[9] - With Joan Armatrading - With Gary Barlow - With Jackson Browne - With Jimmy Cliff - With Joe Cocker - With Bootsy Collins - With Ian Dury - With Bob Dylan - With Gwen Guthrie - With Nona Hendryx - With Mick Jagger - With Garland Jeffreys - With Grace Jones - With Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers - With Jenny Morris - With Yoko Ono - With Sinéad O'Connor - With Carly Simon - With Simply Red - With Peter Tosh -",2023-08-26 18:09:41 -Paper chromatography - Wikipedia,"Paper chromatography is an analytical method used to separate coloured chemicals or substances.[1] It is now primarily used as a teaching tool, having been replaced in the laboratory by other chromatography methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC). - The setup has three components. The mobile phase is a solution that travels up the stationary phase, due to capillary action. The mobile phase is generally a mixture of non-polar organic solvent, while the stationary phase is polar inorganic solvent water. Here paper is used to support the stationary phase, water. Polar water molecules are held inside the void space of the cellulose network of the host paper. The difference between TLC and paper chromatography is that the stationary phase in TLC is a layer of adsorbent (usually silica gel, or aluminium oxide), and the stationary phase in paper chromatography is less absorbent paper. - A paper chromatography variant, two-dimensional chromatography, involves using two solvents and rotating the paper 90° in between. This is useful for separating complex mixtures of compounds having similar polarity, for example, amino acids. - The retention factor (Rƒ) may be defined as the ratio of the distance travelled by the solute to the distance travelled by the solvent. It is used in chromatography to quantify the amount of retardation of a sample in a stationary phase relative to a mobile phase.[2] Rƒ values are usually expressed as a fraction of two decimal places. - For example, if a compound travels 9.9 cm and the solvent front travels 12.7 cm, the Rƒ value = (9.9/12.7) = 0.779 or 0.78. Rƒ value depends on temperature and the solvent used in experiment, so several solvents offer several Rƒ values for the same mixture of compound. A solvent in chromatography is the liquid the paper is placed in, and the solute is the ink which is being separated. - Paper chromatography is one method for testing the purity of compounds and identifying substances. Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires only small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the principle of partition. In paper chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase is the water trapped between the cellulose fibers of the paper. The mobile phase is a developing solution that travels up the stationary phase, carrying the samples with it. Components of the sample will separate readily according to how strongly they adsorb onto the stationary phase versus how readily they dissolve in the mobile phase. - When a colored chemical sample is placed on a filter paper, the colors separate from the sample by placing one end of the paper in a solvent. The solvent diffuses up the paper, dissolving the various molecules in the sample according to the polarities of the molecules and the solvent. If the sample contains more than one color, that means it must have more than one kind of molecule. Because of the different chemical structures of each kind of molecule, the chances are very high that each molecule will have at least a slightly different polarity, giving each molecule a different solubility in the solvent. The unequal solubility causes the various color molecules to leave solution at different places as the solvent continues to move up the paper. The more soluble a molecule is, the higher it will migrate up the paper. If a chemical is very non-polar it will not dissolve at all in a very polar solvent. This is the same for a very polar chemical and a very non-polar solvent. - It is very important to note that when using water (a very polar substance) as a solvent, the more polar the color, the higher it will rise on the papers. - Development of the chromatogram is done by allowing the solvent to travel down the paper. Here, the mobile phase is placed in a solvent holder at the top. The spot is kept at the top and solvent flows down the paper from above. - Here the solvent travels up the chromatographic paper. Both descending and ascending paper chromatography are used for the separation of organic and inorganic substances. -The sample and solvent move upward. - This is the hybrid of both of the above techniques. The upper part of ascending chromatography can be folded over a rod in order to allow the paper to become descending after crossing the rod. - A circular filter paper is taken and the sample is deposited at the center of the paper. After drying the spot, the filter paper is tied horizontally on a Petri dish containing solvent, so that the wick of the paper is dipped in the solvent. The solvent rises through the wick and the components are separated into concentric rings. - In this technique a square or rectangular paper is used. Here the sample is applied to one of the corners and development is performed at a right angle to the direction of the first run. - The discovery of paper chromatography in 1943 by Martin and Synge provided, for the first time, the means of surveying constituents of plants and for their separation and identification.[3] Erwin Chargaff credits in Weintraub's history of the man the 1944 article by Consden, Gordon and Martin.[4][5] There was an explosion of activity in this field after 1945.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:09:44 -Matt McLean - Wikipedia," - Matthew McLean (born May 13, 1988) is an American competition swimmer who has been a member of several winning U.S. teams in freestyle relay events. He was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic team, and earned a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics. - McLean was born in Cleveland, Ohio.[1] He grew up in Sterling, Virginia, and attended Potomac Falls High School in Sterling, where he was a member of the Potomac Falls Panthers swim team.[2] McLean won state championships in the 500-yard freestyle and twice in the 200-yard freestyle, and set a new state record in the 200.[2] - He received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Virginia, and swam for the Virginia Cavaliers swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 2008 to 2011.[2] During his four years as a UVA swimmer, he won seventeen Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) championships, and received fifteen All-American honors.[2] He was recognized as the ACC Freshman of the Year in 2008, ACC Swimmer of the Year in 2009 and 2011, and ACC Swimmer of the Championships in 2008, 2009 and 2011.[2] As a senior in 2011, he won the NCAA national championship in the 500-yard freestyle with a time of 4:10.15.[2] He graduated from Virginia with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 2011.[3] - After graduating from the University of Virginia, McLean began training under coach Jon Urbanchek as a member of the Fullerton Aquatics Sports Team (FAST) in California.[1] In August 2011, McLean won the USA Swimming National championship in the 400-meter freestyle with a time of 3:47.33.[3] He was also part of the Duel in the Pool 2011 team, taking second place in the 200-meter freestyle and third place in the 400-meter freestyle events.[3] - At the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials, the qualifying meet for the Olympics, McLean made the Olympic team for the first time by finishing fifth in the 200-meter freestyle with a time of 1:46.78,[4] which qualified him to swim in the 4×200-meter freestyle as a member of the U.S. relay team.[5] At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, he earned a gold medal by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminaries of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.[6] - Following his Olympic run, he won gold in the 4×200 freestyle relay at both the 2013 World Aquatics Championships and the short course version in 2014. Additionally, he won gold in the long course 4×200 freestyle relay in the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships. As of 2014, he is a member of the North Baltimore Aquatic Center.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:09:47 -Fayard Nicholas - Wikipedia,"Fayard Antonio Nicholas (October 20, 1914 – January 24, 2006) was an American choreographer, dancer and actor. He and his younger brother Harold Nicholas made up the Nicholas Brothers tap dance duo, who starred in the MGM musicals An All-Colored Vaudeville Show (1935), Stormy Weather (1943), The Pirate (1948), and Hard Four (2007). The Nicholas brothers also starred in the 20th Century-Fox musicals Down Argentine Way (1940), Sun Valley Serenade (1941), and Orchestra Wives (1942).[1] - Nicholas was born in Alabama, but grew up primarily in Philadelphia. He learned to dance while watching vaudeville shows with his brother while their musician parents played in the orchestra.[2] His father, Ulysses D. Nicholas, was a drummer and his mother, Viola Harden Nicholas, was a pianist.[3] - In 1932, when he was 18 and his brother was only 11, they became the featured act at Cotton Club in New York City. The brothers earned fame with a unique style of rhythm tap that blended ""masterful jazz steps with daredevil athletic moves and an elegance of motion worthy of ballet"". They appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies on Broadway and in London they worked with jazz choreographer Buddy Bradley. The performances led them to a career in film. Nicholas appeared in over 60 films, including the 1943 musical Stormy Weather with their signature staircase dance.[4] - His career was interrupted from 1943 to 1944 when he served in the U.S. Army during World War II.[3] Nicholas achieved the rank of Technician fifth grade while in WWII.[5] - After his dance career ended, Nicholas and his wife, Katherine Hopkins Nicholas, embarked on a lecture tour discussing dance. In 2003, Nicholas served as ""Festival Legend"" at the third ""Soul to Sole Tap Festival"" in Austin, Texas.[4] - Nicholas was inducted into the National Museum of Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame in 2001. - Nicholas was married three times. He remained friends with his first wife, Geraldine Pate, after their divorce. His second wife was Barbara January, and they remained married until her death in 1998. He married dancer Katherine Hopkins in 2000. He was a member of the Baháʼí Faith. Nicholas died of pneumonia following a stroke in 2006 at age 91.[6][7] His widow Katherine died in 2012.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:09:51 -Dactylethrella bryophilella - Wikipedia," - Dactylethrella bryophilella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1891.[1] It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur) and Gambia.[2] - The wingspan is 14–18 mm. The forewings are dull white, speckled and blotched with brown. The basal third is irrorated with brown scales and there is a small fuscous spot near the costa towards the base. Immediately beyond the basal third is a large reniform greyish fuscous spot, having the appearance of two roundish contiguous spots, one reaching over the fold, the other, about the same size, above it. Beyond this is a transverse ill-defined band of brown about the middle of the wing, starting from the costal but not attaining to the dorsal margin, wider towards its upper end. This band is followed by another greyish fuscous rounded spot, larger than either of the other two, from the anal angle along the apical margin, but not quite reaching to the costal margin, where there are three fuscous spots, two small and one larger. There is a slender shining leaden grey line borders the wing, running from the anal angle along the extreme apical margin, and around the apex along the base of the costal cilia and lying on the end of the cell. This spot is followed by another large brown patch, occupying the whole apical portion of the wing. The hindwings are pale leaden grey.[3] - The larvae feed on Tephrosia vogelii. - - This article on a moth of the tribe Chelariini is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:09:55 -The Dripping Tap - Wikipedia,"""The Dripping Tap"" is a song by Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, released in 2022 as the first single from their twentieth studio album, Omnium Gatherum. Over 18 minutes in length, the song was first composed during studio sessions for Fishing for Fishies and re-recorded with all band members present following a period of remote collaboration during COVID-19 lockdowns. - While the song was first released on Omnium Gatherum, an early version of the song was first played during the Fishing for Fishies sessions, the song would be scrapped until after COVID-19 lockdowns were lifted, when the song was re-recorded and finished with all band members present.[1][5] The band recorded an extended jam and then edited the best segments into the completed song.[6] - The song is over 18 minutes in length.[7] Guitar World described it as featuring ""drop D, Mixolydian guitar madness set to an irresistible motorik beat (complete with wailing harmonica)"".[8] Stereogum described it as ""a kosmische rave-up punctuated by soulful outbursts worthy of Hall & Oates"" inspired by Krautrock groups such as Can.[6] - Abby Jones of Consequence stated that ""The Dripping Tap"" ""exemplifies that renewed sense of inspiration King Gizzard felt upon returning to the studio.""[7] -",2023-08-26 18:09:58 -Alois Rigert - Wikipedia," - Alois Rigert (born 18 July 1906, date of death unknown) was a Swiss weightlifter. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[1] - This biographical article relating to weightlifting in Switzerland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:02 -KXSS-FM - Wikipedia,"KXSS-FM (96.9 MHz, ""96-9 KISS-FM"") is a Top 40 (CHR) formatted radio station serving the Amarillo, Texas, market. KXSS-FM is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are located on Southwest 34th Avenue in Southwest Amarillo, and its transmitter tower is based north of the city on the property of unrelated television station KFDA-TV in unincorporated Potter County. - Until 2008, the 96.9 frequency was home to a country music format as ""96.9 KMML,"" under the ownership of Clear Channel Communications; however, it was one of close to 450 radio stations sold by Clear Channel in the process of privatization, beginning in 2007. KXSS, along with its sister stations KPRF-FM, KATP-FM, KMXJ-FM, and KIXZ, was acquired along with approximately fifty other stations by Gap Broadcasting for a total price of $139M.[2] What eventually became Gap Central Broadcasting (following the formation of GapWest Broadcasting) was folded into Townsquare Media on August 13, 2010.[3] - The KMML call sign has been reissued to a radio station in Cimarron, Kansas.[4] - - This article about a radio station in Texas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:06 -Sierpe - Wikipedia,"Sierpe is a district of the Osa canton, in the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica.[1][2] - Sierpe has an area of 631.15 km²[3] and an elevation of 8 metres.[1] - Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos[4] -Centro Centroamericano de Población[5] - For the 2011 census, Sierpe had a population of 4,205 inhabitants. [6] - The district is covered by the following road routes: - This Costa Rican location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:10 -Takehara Dam - Wikipedia,"Takehara Dam (Japanese: 竹原ダム) is a gravity dam located in Hyogo Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 4.7 km2. The dam impounds about 10 ha of land when full and can store 804 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1959 and completed in 1962.[1] - This article about a dam or floodgate in Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:13 -Wim Henderickx - Wikipedia," - Wim Henderickx (Dutch: [wɪm ˈɦɛndərɪks]; 17 March 1962 – 18 December 2022) was a Belgian composer of contemporary classical music. He was composer in residence at Muziektheater Transparant and the Antwerp Symphony Orchestra, writing operas and other stage works. His music was influenced by oriental music and philosophy. He taught composition at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp and the Conservatorium van Amsterdam. - Henderickx was born in Lier[1] and began his music career as a jazz and rock drummer.[1] He studied percussion and composition at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp, graduating in percussion in 1984, and in composition in 1992 with Willem Kersters.[2] He studied sonology at IRCAM and at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague.[3] In the 1990s he also attended the Darmstädter Ferienkurse.[2] - Henderickx was a professor of analysis, harmony and counterpoint at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp from 1986 to 1995. He taught composition, harmony and counterpoint at the Lemmensinstituut in Leuven from 1989 to 2002. From 1995, he was professor of composition and analysis in Antwerp, and from 2002, also professor of composition at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam.[2] He was composer in residence at Muziektheater Transparant beginning in 1996. From 2000 he was the main coach of the Summer Composition Course SoundMine for young composers at Provinciaal Domein Dommelhof in Neerpelt.[3] From 2013, he was an artist in residence at deFilharmonie (now the Antwerp Symphony Orchestra).[4] In 2017, his Requiem was performed by Opera Ballet Flanders, and choreographed by Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui.[3][4] His opera De Bekeerlinge (The Convert) was premiered in May 2022, becoming Opera Ballet Flanders' most successful contemporary production in over 20 years.[4] - Henderickx died at his home on 18 December 2022, at the age of 60.[3][4] - Henderickx composed operas, orchestral and chorale works, works for wind bands, and chamber music. He used electronics in his works.[4] His music is characterised by non-western elements, chiefly Indian classical music, raga, and the rhythms of African music. It employs changing timbres and structures inspired by Eastern philosophy.[2] He was influenced by Olivier Messiaen, Iannis Xenakis, Igor Stravinsky, György Ligeti and Béla Bartók. As a percussionist, he often made use of an extended arsenal of percussion instruments.[3] - Many of Henderickx's early works were influenced by oriental music and philosophy. He wrote Mysterium (1989) for 10 woodwinds,[2] OM (1992) for string quartet,[5] and Dawn (1992) for mezzo-soprano, female chorus and instrumental ensemble.[6] - His opera Triumph of Spirit over Matter [nl] (2000) was commissioned by Muziektheater Transparant and toured in Belgium and the Netherlands.[2][7] - His opera for young people, Achilleus, was produced in 2003 by the Flemish Opera.[8] It was translated into Danish and staged in Copenhagen in 2006.[2] - Een Totale Entführung was a music theatre production made in cooperation with Ramsey Nasr and based on Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail.[9] The 2006 Olek schoot een beer was based on Bart Moeyaert's adaptation of the Firebird story.[10] - Henderickx wrote Canzone for voice and piano for the semi-finals of the 2008 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition.[3] - After a trip through India and Nepal, Henderickx created his ""Tantric Cycle"":[1][11] - Groove! is a large symphonic work for percussion and orchestra, and was premiered in February 2011 by the Brussels Philharmonic with Gert François as percussion soloist.[1][2][12] - Medea for music theatre toured Belgium and the Netherlands in 2011–2013 with HERMESensemble and four actors of the Dutch Veenfabriek and Wim Henderickx as conductor.[2][13] - His Symphony No. 1 ""At the Edge of the World"" was premiered by the National Orchestra of Belgium (NOB) in Luxemburg in 2012 with Stefan Blunier [de] as conductor, and was performed with various orchestras in Brussels, Antwerp, Halle, and Magdeburg.[2][14] - Within the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM) World Music Days 2012 in Antwerp and November Music in den Bosch, he conducted the premiere of Atlantic Wall with HERMESensemble, a work for mezzo-soprano, instrumental ensemble, video, and electronics.[15] - In 2014 he composed Antifoon (A resonating bridge) for 500 musicians. He conducted the open air spectacle on a bridge between Hasselt and Genk.[16] In May 2015, his large choral work Visioni ed Estasi premiered with 200 singers, both professional and amateurs, at the St. Rumbold's Cathedral, during the Flanders Festival in Mechelen with James Wood as the general conductor.[2] - In March 2017 his Symphony No. 2 ""Aquarius' Dream"" was premiered with the Antwerp Symphony Orchestra, Claron McFadden, and Thierry Fischer as the conductor at the new Queen Elisabeth Hall in Antwerp.[17] In April 2017 the music theatre production Revelations premiered at the Opera21 Festival in Antwerp with Muziektheater Transparant, Cappella Amsterdam, and the HERMESensemble.[18] - His works are published by Norsk Musikforlag in Oslo, Norway.[2] - Albums with music by Henderickx include: - Henderickx received the Jeugd-en Muziekprijs Vlaanderen, the International Composition Prize for Contemporary Music in Quebec, Canada, and the triennial E. Baie I prize for a talented Flemish artist in 1999 from the province of Antwerp.[21] He became the Arts Laureate of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium in 2002.[21] In 2006 the Minister of Culture nominated him for the Flanders Culture Prize.[2] He received the Lifetime Achievement Culture Prize in Lier in 2011.[21] He was appointed a member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium (KVAB) for Science and the Arts in 2015.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:10:16 -1976 Bulgarian parliamentary election - Wikipedia,"Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 30 May 1976.[1] The Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party, was the only organisation to contest the election; all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front.[2] The Front nominated one candidate for each constituency. Of the 400 candidates 272 were members of the Communist Party, 100 were members of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union and the remaining 28 were unaffiliated.[3] Voter turnout was reportedly 99.9%.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:10:20 -Visconti Castle (Cherasco) - Wikipedia,"The Visconti Castle of Cherasco is a medieval castle in Cherasco, Piedmont, Northern Italy. It was built in the 14th century by Luchino Visconti, Lord of Milan, and partly reconstructed at the beginning of the 20th century.[1] - Cherasco lies on a wedge-shaped plateau, a naturally protected area, where the rivers Stura di Demonte and Tanaro meet. The castle is located at the town's border, in a prominent position overlooking the two rivers' confluence.[2] - In the 13th century, during the communal era, the local Commune strengthened the stronghold that probably already existed on the current castle site. Later, Cherasco entered into the dominions of the Savoy house. - In 1348, the Lord of Milan Luchino Visconti defeated the Savoy and conquered Cherasco. He decided to fortify the city and ordered the construction of a new castle. It had a quadrangular structure with a tower at each corner and a smaller central tower with a drawbridge at the entrance, an arrangement frequent in the Visconti dominions. It was entirely constructed with bricks. - Among the western Visconti territories, Cherasco played an important part. It appeared twice as a dowry in dynasty marriages: in 1368 when Violante Visconti married Lionel Duke of Clarence, and in 1387 when Valentina Visconti married Louis Duke of Orléans. - In 1559, following the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, the castle returned to the Savoy house. They used it as a refuge on several occasions, to escape the plague in 1630 and the French in 1706. In 1691, Victor Amadeus II of Savoy decided to concentrate the defense of his territories in a few strongholds suitable for the purpose. The castle of Cherasco was not among them. Accordingly, it was deliberately partially blown up to no longer serve as a military fortification. What remained of the ancient castle, reduced to semi-ruin, served as a barracks until 1815, and later as a farmhouse. - At the beginning of the 20th century, the castle passed to new owners, who almost wholly refurbished the building's survived parts. They restored the walls with extensive insertions, elevated the towers, and redesigned the interior. The final result was a partly reconstructed castle outside, while inside a residential estate with an Italian style garden.[2] - The castle is privately owned and open only from the outside. The landscape's view beyond the building can nevertheless be glimpsed. It is one of the several historical buildings of Cherasco.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:10:23 -"Jimmy Adam (footballer, born 1931) - Wikipedia"," - James Adam (born 22 April 1931) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.[1][2] - - This biographical article related to association football in Scotland, about a forward born in the 1930s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:26 -"32 Broad Street, Peterhead - Wikipedia"," - 32 Broad Street is a Category B listed building at 32 Broad Street in Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.[1] It was built in 1858.[2] Originally a Union Bank of Scotland, it is now home to a Bank of Scotland.[3] - - This article about a Scottish building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:30 -Talmai - Wikipedia,"Talmai (/ˈtælmaɪ/, TAL-my; Hebrew: תלמי 'my furrows') is a name in the Bible referring to a number of minor people. Its Aramaic version was associated with the Greek Ptolemy (see that article for the list of corresponding names and surnames), and is the origin of Bartholomew. - Talmai, Ahiman and Sheshai were Nephilim, three giant sons of Anak whom Caleb and the spies saw in Mount Hebron (Book of Numbers 13:22) when they went in to explore the land. They were afterwards driven out and slain (Joshua 15:14; Judges 1:10). - King of Geshur. His daughter Maacah (מַעֲכָה) was a wife to the king David of Israel, mother of Tamar and Absalom (2 Samuel 3:3). After slaying Amnon (for the rape of Tamar), Absalom fled to Talmai in Geshur for three years. - - This article related to the Hebrew Bible is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:32 -"Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown - Wikipedia"," - Robert Adam Philips Haldane Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown (28 May 1841 – 5 June 1918), styled Viscount Duncan from 1859 to 1867, was a British Liberal politician. - Camperdown was the eldest son of Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown, and his wife Juliana Cavendish (née Philips). His father served as MP for Southampton, Bath, and Forfarshire. His sister was Julia Janet Georgiana Haldane-Duncan, a notable artist and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria who married George Abercromby, 4th Baron Abercromby.[1] His younger brother was George Haldane-Duncan, 4th Earl of Camperdown.[2] - He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford.[1] - He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1867 and took his seat on the Liberal benches in the House of Lords. The following year he was appointed a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) in William Ewart Gladstone's first administration, a post he held until 1870, and then served as a Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1870 to 1874. - Lord Camperdown received an honorary doctorate (LL.D.) from the University of St Andrews in February 1902.[3] The previous year he had become President of University College, Dundee, then a college of St Andrews. He remained president of the college until his death.[4] - Lord Camperdown died in June 1918, aged 77. He never married and was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother George.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:10:36 -Joan of Arc (horse) - Wikipedia," - Joan of Arc (foaled 4 February 2018) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. After finishing second on her only start as a juvenile in 2020 she improved in the following year to win the Irish 1,000 Guineas Trial and run second in the Irish 1,000 Guineas before taking the Prix de Diane in France. She went on to run third in the Nassau Stakes. - Joan of Arc is a bay filly with a white blaze and three white socks bred in Ireland by the Coolmore Stud. She was sent into training with Aidan O'Brien at Ballydoyle. She is owned by John Magnier's Coolmore Stud partnership (officially Michael Tabor, Susan Magnier and Derrick Smith), usually racing in the purple and white colours of Derrick Smith. - Joan of Arc was sired by Galileo, who won the Derby, Irish Derby and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 2001. Galileo became one of the world's leading stallions and has been champion sire of Great Britain and Ireland twelve times. His other progeny include Cape Blanco, Frankel, Golden Lilac, Nathaniel, New Approach, Rip Van Winkle and Ruler of the World.[2] Happily's dam You'resothrilling was a sister of the leading racehorse and stallion Giant's Causeway.[3] You'resothrilling was trained by Aidan O'Brien and won the Cherry Hinton Stakes in 2007.[4] Joan of Arc is her seventh foal, the first six being Marvellous, Gleneagles, Coolmore (C L Weld Park Stakes), The Taj Mahal (Zipping Classic), Happily and Vatican City (second in the Irish 2000 Guineas). - Joan of Arc began her racing career in a maiden race over seven furlongs on the synthetic Polytrack surface at Dundalk Racecourse on 6 November when she was ridden by Seamie Heffernan and started the 11/10 favourite. After being restrained in the early stages she stayed on well and overtook the front-running outsider Zara Mac 100 metres from the finish, only to be caught on the line and beaten a nose by the Donnacha O'Brien-trained Hazel.[5] - Ryan Moore partnered Joan of Arc when the filly began her second campaign in a seven furlong maiden for fillies and mares of all ages on soft to heavy ground at the Curragh on 21 March. Starting the 4/6 favourite in a twenty-runner field she took the lead two furlongs out and won by one and a quarter lengths from Approach The Dawn.[6] Three weeks later the filly was stepped up in class for the Group 3 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes at Leopardstown Racecourse and started at 7/1 in a fifteen-runner field. Ridden by Wayne Lordan she recovered from a poor start to dispute the lead a furlong from the finish but tired badly in the closing stages and came home sixth behind the 80/1 outsider Keeper of Time. Ryan Moore resumed his association with the filly when she started 11/4 favourite for the Irish 1,000 Guineas Trial over one mile at Leopardstown on 9 May. She led for most of the way and turned back a sustained challenge from the Henry de Bromhead-trained outsider Flirting Bridge to win by one and three quarter lengths.[7] After the race O'Brien said ""She won making the running the first day of the season and last time the pace was a little bit too fast up front, so we thought she'd leave that run behind her. She'd been working lovely and the plan was always to come here and then the Irish Guineas. She's a relaxed filly and nice and balanced and bowled along into that headwind which wasn't easy. She galloped home very well she'll have no problem going up to a mile and a quarter.""[8] - At the Curragh on 23 May, with Moore in the saddle Joan of Arc started the 9/2 third favourite for the 99th running of the Irish 1000 Guineas over one mile on heavy ground. She tracked the front-running No Speak Alexander and gained the advantage inside the final furlong but was caught on the line and beaten a short head by her less fancied stablemate Empress Josephine.[9] On 20 June Joan of Arc was sent to France and moved up in distance to contest the Prix de Diane over 2100 metres at Chantilly Racecourse in which she was ridden by Ioritz Mendizabal and went off the 5.3/1 third choice in the betting. The Prix Penelope winner Philomene started favourite while the other fifteen runners included Coeursamba, Incarville, Noble Heidi (Preis der Winterkonigin), Cirona (Prix de la Grotte), Rumi (Prix Vanteaux), Harajuku (Prix Cleopatre) and Rougir (Prix des Reservoirs). After settling in second place behind Sibila Spain, Joan of Arc made steady progress in the straight, took the lead 50 metres from the finish, and won by three quarters of a length from Philomene with Burgarita, Sibila Spain, Rougir and Harajuku close behind.[10] O'Brien, who was winning the race for the first time, said ""Ioritz was really impressed with her and he thought a mile and a half was going to be no problem. He said she only got going with a furlong and a half to go. He said she would love stepping up in trip so it has to be a big possibility... She has progressed with every run. She has a lovely mind, is very well balanced, and has a big, long stride. I suppose what was very exciting about her today, she went through the line very well. As the distance grew she was really opening up.""[11] - At Goodwood Racecourse on 29 July Joan of Arc was matched against older fillies and mares in the Group 1 Nassau Stakes over ten furlongs. Racing for the first time in England she started the 9/4 joint-favourite with Audarya and led for most of the way. She was overtaken approaching the final furlong but rallied in the closing stages and finished a close third behind Lady Bowthorpe and Zeyaadah. In September she returned to France and came home last of the seven runners in the Prix Vermeille at Longchamp, beaten almost fifteen lengths by the winner Teona after being eased down by Mendizabal in the closing stages.[12] She ended her season in the Prix de l'Opera at the same track on 3 October when she finished tenth to Rougir. -",2023-08-26 18:10:40 -Pala Kastali - Wikipedia," - Pala Kastali is a village in Block Jawan Sikandarpur, Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 5 km from Aligarh. The village has most population of Bais Rajput. Pala Kastali's Pin Code is 202122.[1] Nearest railway station is Manzurgarhi and nearest Airport is Agra Airport.[2] School near the village is Blackdale public school.[3] - - - This Aligarh district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:43 -You've Got a Good Love Comin' - Wikipedia,"You've Got a Good Love Comin' is the third studio album by American country music artist Lee Greenwood, released in 1984. It was certified Gold. - Adapted from liner notes.[2] - - ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. -",2023-08-26 18:10:47 -Edgar Bancroft - Wikipedia," - Edgar Addison Bancroft (November 20, 1857 – July 28, 1925) was an American lawyer and diplomat. He served as United States Ambassador to Japan from 1924 to 1925.[1] - Bancroft was born in Galesburg, Illinois. He was educated at Knox College and the Columbia University Law School.[2] - His brother, Frederic, was a noted historian. He was also related to Aaron Bancroft, a biographer of George Washington, and to George Bancroft, a diplomat and historian.[2] - Bancroft was counsel for the Santa Fe Railway and the International Harvester Co.[2] In 1919 he was appointed to the Chicago Commission on Race Relations.[3] - President Calvin Coolidge named him Ambassador to Japan during a recess of the Senate on September 23, 1924. Ambassador Bancroft presented his credentials to the Japanese government on November 19, 1924. His appointment was subsequently confirmed by the Senate on January 21, 1925.[1] - Ambassador Bancroft died in Karuizawa, Japan on July 28, 1925.[1][4] As a gesture of good-will, the Japanese government sent the light cruiser Tama to San Pedro in California with his remains.[5] - In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Edgar Bancroft, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 40+ works in 50+ publications in two languages and 200+ library holdings.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:10:51 -"East Bend, Kentucky - Wikipedia","East Bend is a region of Boone County, Kentucky, about 20 miles southwest of Cincinnati, Ohio. The region is well named; there the Ohio River makes an almost right angle turn, and flows east for ten miles or more. On the Kentucky side of the river, the land is mostly bottom land and good farm land. Points on interest are the river towns of Belleville, Mcville, Rabbit Hash, Piatt's Landing and Hamilton. There is a salt spring at Big Bone Lick where mastodon and buffalo bones have been found. - On the Indiana side, the southern edge of the Bedford Limestone forms high rocky hills. Indiana towns are Rising Sun and North Landing. - Early settler families were Piatt, McCoy, Canby, Pepper, Stephens, Ryle, Wilson, Neal, Kirtley, Craig, Lodge, Goss and Gregory. -  WikiMiniAtlas38°55′N 84°52′W / 38.91°N 84.86°W / 38.91; -84.86 - - This Boone County, Kentucky state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:10:54 -2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship qualification (CAVB) - Wikipedia," -The CAVB qualification for the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship saw member nations compete for three places at the finals in Poland.[1] - 44 CAVB national teams entered qualification (11 teams later withdrew). The teams were distributed according to their geographical positions.[2][3] -  Algeria - Libya - Morocco - Tunisia -  Cape Verde - Gambia - Guinea - Senegal - Sierra Leone - Merged with Pool B -  Burkina Faso - Ghana - Ivory Coast - Liberia -  Benin - Niger - Nigeria - Togo -  Cameroon - Central African Republic - Chad - Congo - DR Congo - Gabon - Merged with Pool F -  Burundi - Kenya - Tanzania - Uganda -  Egypt - Ethiopia - Rwanda - Sudan -  Botswana - Lesotho - Mozambique - South Africa - Eswatini -  Malawi - Namibia - Zambia - Zimbabwe -  Comoros - Madagascar - Mauritius - Seychelles - The draw for the final round of competition was held in Cairo on 9 October 2013. The top three FIVB ranked teams Tunisia, Egypt and Cameroon headed the pools.[4] -  Cameroon -1st Zone 1 -1st Zone 3 -1st Zone 5 -2nd Zone 4 -  Egypt -1st Zone 6 -1st Zone 2 -2nd Zone 5 -2nd Zone 6 -  Tunisia -1st Zone 7 -1st Zone 4 -2nd Zone 2 -2nd Zone 3 -",2023-08-26 18:10:58 -Samacasa - Wikipedia,"Samacasa (possibly from Aymara sama color, Quechua sama rest, break, q'asa mountain pass)[2][3] is a mountain in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,200 m (17,100 ft) high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Chachas District. Samacasa lies north of Airicoto.[1] - - This Arequipa Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:11:03 -Wuyi Mountains - Wikipedia,"The Wuyi Mountains or Wuyishan[1] (Chinese: 武夷山; pinyin: Wǔyí Shān; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bú-î-soaⁿ; formerly known as Bohea Hills in early Western documents) are a mountain range located in the prefecture of Nanping, in northern Fujian province near the border with Jiangxi province, China. The highest peak in the area is Mount Huanggang at 2,158 metres (7,080 ft) on the border of Fujian and Jiangxi, making it the highest point of both provinces; the lowest altitudes are around 200 metres (660 ft). Many oolong and black teas are produced in the Wuyi Mountains, including Da Hong Pao ('big red robe') and lapsang souchong, and are sold as Wuyi tea. The mountain range is known worldwide for its status as a refugium for several rare and endemic plant species, its dramatic river valleys, and the abundance of important temples and archeological sites in the region, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2] - The Wuyi Mountains are located between Wuyishan City of the Nanping prefecture in northwest Fujian province, and the town of Wuyishan within Shangrao city in northeast Jiangxi province. - -The mountains have been listed since 1999 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[3] for cultural, scenic, and biodiversity values.[4] - The site has a total area of 99,975 hectares that is divided into four core parts. Three are ecological: the Nine-bend Stream Ecological Protection Area (36,400 ha) in the centre, flanked by the Wuyishan National Nature Reserve (56,527 ha) to the west and the Wuyishan National Scenic Area (7,000 ha) to the east. The fourth, a cultural preservation area, is the Protection Area for the Remains of the Ancient Han Dynasty (48 ha), about 15 km to the southeast of the others. These core parts are surrounded by an additional buffer zone of 27,888 ha.[5] Portions of the Wuyishan National Nature Reserve are more stringently protected, as the Fujian and Jiangxi Wuyishan Biosphere Reserves on the respective sides of the provincial border, under the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. - The region is part of the Cathaysian fold system and has experienced high volcanic activity and the formation of large fault structures, which were subsequently subject to erosion by water and weathering. The landscape is characterized by beautiful winding river valleys flanked by columnar or dome-shaped cliffs as well as cave systems. Peaks in the western portion of the Wuyi Mountains typically consist of volcanic or plutonic rocks, whereas peaks and hills in the eastern area are made up of red sandstone (particularly in the east) with very steep slopes but flat tops (Danxia landform). Bedrock lithology at Wuyi Shan is dominated by tuff, rhyolite, and granite in the western part. Red sandstone is common farther east. The elevation ranges from 200 m (656 ft) to 2,158 m (7,080 ft). The terrain is rugged with cliffs and high peaks. There are numerous caverns in the mountains, some of which have been explored and opened to the public (see § Tourism, below). - The Jiuqu Xi river (transl. Nine-bend River; also Jiuqu River), about 60 kilometers in length, meanders in a deep gorge among these hills. In most places, it is a slow, shallow stream navigable only by small craft like rowboats and canoes. However, the river narrows at one point to just a few metres but a depth of 80 metres (260 ft).[6] - The Wuyi Mountains act as a protective barrier against the inflow of cold air from the northwest and retain warm moist air originating from the sea. As a result, the area has a humid climate (humidity 80 to 85%) with high rainfall (annual average 2,200 millimeters in the south-west and 3,200 millimeters in the north) and common fogs. Lower altitudes experience annual temperatures in the range from 12 °C to 18 °C. - The area is relatively pollution free. The Chinese government set up its first air-quality monitoring station in the area on January 31, 2005. - Lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate with mean annual temperature around 18 °C (64 °F) and mean annual precipitation of at least 220 cm (86.6 in). Cooler, wetter conditions prevail at higher altitudes and winters can be snowy on the highest peaks. - The Wuyi Mountains are the largest and most representative example of Chinese subtropical forests, and of the biodiversity of south Chinese rainforest.[2] The region's ecology has survived from before the Ice Age around 3 million years ago. Biologists have been conducting field research in the area since 1873. - The vegetation of the area depends strongly on altitude. Broadleaf evergreen forests dominate the lower elevations; their tree species yield to deciduous and needleleaf evergreen trees at higher elevations. It is divided into 11 broad categories: - Most common are evergreen broad-leaved forests, some of which make up the largest remaining tracts of humid sub-tropical forests in the world. Higher plants from 284 families, 1,107 genera, and 2,888 species, as well as 840 species of lower plant and fungus, have been reported for the region.[8] The most common tree families are beech (Fagaceae), laurel (Lauraceae), camellia (Theaceae), magnolia (Magnoliaceae), Elaeocarpaceae, and witch-hazel (Hamamelidaceae). - The fauna of the Wuyi Mountains is renowned for its high diversity, which includes many rare and unusual species. In total, approximately 5,000 animal species have been reported for the area. Of these species, 475 are vertebrates and 4,635 are insects.[8] The number of vertebrate species is divided as follows: - Forty-nine vertebrate species are endemic to China and three are endemic to the Wuyi Mountains. The latter are the bird David's parrotbill (Neosuthora davidiana), Pope's spiny toad (Vibrissaphora liui), and the bamboo snake Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti (family Colubridae). Other known endangered species in the area include South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), hairy-fronted muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons), Mainland serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii– a goat antelope), Cabot's tragopan (Tragopan caboti), Chinese black-backed pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti), Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), and the golden Kaiser-i-Hind (Teinopalpus aureus – a swallowtail butterfly).[8] - Human settlement on the slopes of Mount Wuyi can be traced back 4,000 years by archeological remains. During the Western Han Dynasty, the ancient city of Chengcun was the capital of the Minyue kingdom. In the 7th century, the Wuyi Palace was built for emperors to conduct sacrificial activities, a site that tourists can still visit today. The mountains were an important center of Taoism and later Buddhism. Remains of 35 academies erected from the era of the Northern Song to the Qing Dynasty and more than 60 Taoist temples and monasteries have been located. However, most of these remains are very incomplete. Some of the exceptions for which authentic remains are preserved are the Taoyuan Temple, the Wannian Palace, the Sanqing Hall, the Tiancheng Temple, the Baiyun temple, and the Tianxin temple. The area is the cradle of Neo-Confucianism, a current that became very influential since the 11th century.[4] - Mountain Call and Mountain Open[clarification needed] are ceremonies held in the Wuyi imperial tea garden. The county magistrate used to take the chair of the Mountain Call ceremony on Jingzhe Day (惊蛰). In the formal ceremony, tea planters call out together ""tea, tea, sprout"".[clarification needed] By doing this, they pray for blessings in the tea harvest. - Special leap-year meals are called Liu Qin (六亲) meals. Every leap year and leap month, parents and brothers must invite their married daughters and sisters to return and have meals with their original family. When parents are living, they make the invitation; otherwise brothers do it.[relevant?] - The number of visitors to the area increased from approximately 424,000 in 1993 to 700,000 in 1998. A raft trip down the Nine-bend River is the most popular activity. Another major attraction is Fuxi Cave, where the narrowest passage – the Thread of Sky – is less than 40 centimetres (16 in), a fissure open to the surface above.[9] A few hours away is Roaring Tiger Rock, where wind blowing into a cave makes a roaring sound.[10] The nearby Tian Cheng Temple, built in 1707, features a large rock-relief statue of the Chinese goddess of mercy, carved directly into the mountainside.[10] Two more explorable caverns in the area are Ling Cave and Feng Cave.[9] At least one guided-tour company operates combined tours to several of these mountain features.[10] Visitor access to the biodiversity-protection areas in the mountains is controlled. - The Wuyi Mountains have a long history of tea cultivation. The four most widely known varieties of Wuyi rock-essence tea are referred to as the Si Da Ming Cong ('Four Great Cultivars') teas: Da Hong Pao ('Big Red Robe'), Tie Luo Han ('Iron Arhat'), Bai Jiguan ('White Cockscomb'), and Shui Jin Gui ('Golden Water Turtle'). The Lapsang souchong also originates from the area. - The Wuyi Mountains area is the birthplace of tea-picking opera. Developed from local folk dances and songs, the performances are comedic and focused on daily life in the tea-growing region. Tea-picking opera reflects the strongly rural nature and basics of Hakka culture. This has made it popular in the local area. - As the world's only large-scale landscape live-action show showcasing Chinese tea culture, Impression Da Hong Pao showcases the history of tea and the various tea-making processes around the tea culture of Wuyi Mountain. Impression Da Hong Pao[11] is 70 minutes long and takes place in a completely open landscape, making it the world's first ""landscape surroundings theater"". -",2023-08-26 18:11:06 -"Opal, Missouri - Wikipedia"," -Opal is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.[1] - Opal is located on Missouri Route 39-Missouri Route 265 about midway between Mount Vernon to the northwest and Aurora to the southeast.[2] - The community most likely has the first name of a local woman.[3] -  WikiMiniAtlas37°01′16″N 93°46′13″W / 37.02111°N 93.77028°W / 37.02111; -93.77028 - - This Lawrence County, Missouri state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:11:10 -1957 Segunda División de Chile - Wikipedia,"The 1957 Segunda División de Chile was the sixth season of the Segunda División de Chile. - Deportes La Serena was the tournament's winner.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:11:14 -"San Martino, Mantua - Wikipedia","The church of San Martino, dedicated to St Martin of Tours is a Baroque architecture, Roman Catholic church located on Via Pomponazzo in a quartiere once known as San Martino in Mantua, region of Lombardy, Italy. - A church at the site is documented by 1127, with the prior belonging to the Benedictine Abbey of Polirone. The simple church underwent major reconstruction from 1680 to 1693 using designs of the Flemish architect and painter Frans Geffels. The vertical façade is highly encrusted with decoration, and has three niches with stucco 18th century statues depicting St Martin donating cloak to poor (center) and Saints Peter and Paul. The interior also has an elaborate stucco decoration in the style of Michele Costa, as well as a large canvas by Gian Francesco Tura of a Madonna with Child with Saints. - A number of other paintings were moved here after the Napoleonic suppression. Among the artworks are: -  WikiMiniAtlas45°09′20″N 10°47′47″E / 45.1556°N 10.7963°E / 45.1556; 10.7963 -",2023-08-26 18:11:18 -Douglas Wilson (basketball) - Wikipedia,"Douglas Wilson (born January 7, 1999) is an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Kirkwood CC Eagles and the South Dakota State Jackrabbits. - Wilson was born in Evanston, Illinois and grew up in Des Moines, Iowa and attended Herbert Hoover High School.[1] Wilson averaged 17.9 points per game on 58.2 percent shooting and grabbed 309 rebounds as a senior. He was named All-Central Iowa Metro League.[2][3] - Wilson began his college career at Kirkwood Community College. As a freshman, he averaged 14.1 points, 6.6 rebounds and 1.9 blocks per game and was named a NJCAA Division II Second Team All-American.[4] Following the end of the season, he committed to transfer to South Dakota State after his sophomore season.[5] He averaged 21 points and 8.7 rebounds per game as a sophomore and was named a first team NJCAA All-American, the Iowa Community College Athletic Conference Player of the Year and the DII Player of the Year as he led the Eagles to the NJCAA Division II national championship.[6][7][8] - Wilson became an immediate starter at power forward for the Jackrabbits. He was named the Summit League Men's Basketball Player of the Year and Newcomer of the Year as well as First Team All-Summit League recognition in his first season with the team.[9] Wilson missed the Summit League quarterfinal loss to Purdue Fort Wayne with an injury. He averaged 18.7 points and 6.4 rebounds per game on a team that finished 22–10.[10] As a senior, Wilson averaged 16.7 points, 5.4 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game, earning Second Team All-Summit League honors. He opted to return for an additional season of eligibility, granted by the NCAA due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[11] - In 2022, Wilson was named to the First Team All-Summit League, while teammate Baylor Scheierman was named Player of the Year.[12] - In October 2022, Wilson signed with ALM Evreux Basket in France[13] but never played for the team after failing a physical due to a possible enlarged heart. After getting a green light from doctors, Wilson signed with Álftanes of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild karla in June 2023.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:11:21 -Electoral results for the district of Sunbury - Wikipedia," -This is a list of electoral results for the Electoral district of Sunbury in Victorian state elections. -",2023-08-26 18:11:24 -Funny Games (1997 film) - Wikipedia," - Funny Games is a 1997 Austrian psychological horror film written and directed by Michael Haneke, and starring Susanne Lothar, Ulrich Mühe, and Arno Frisch. The plot involves two young men who hold a family hostage and torture them with sadistic games in their vacation home. The film was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.[3] A shot-for-shot remake, filmed and set in the United States, was released in 2007, also directed by Haneke, this time with an English-speaking cast and a mostly American crew. - Georg Schober, his wife Anna, their son Georgie, and their dog Rolfi arrive at their holiday home beside a lake in Austria. On the drive over, they spot their next-door neighbors Fred and Eva Berlinger accompanied by two young Viennese men whom they do not recognize. The Schobers notice the strange behavior displayed by the Berlingers and the apparent absence of their daughter Sissi. Fred visits minutes later with one of the men, whom he introduces as Paul, the son of a friend. - Shortly after the family settles in, and while Georg is still setting up the boat, the other young unidentified man comes to Anna's kitchen to borrow eggs on Eva's behalf. This man, later named as Peter, gradually overstays his welcome by breaking successive batches of eggs and submerging the family's phone into the kitchen sink water, all seemingly done by accident. - Paul arrives shortly thereafter and decides to try one of Georg's golf clubs, taking Anna's permission for granted. While Paul is outside with the club, Georg hears Rolfi's constant barking suddenly come to a whining halt. When it is clear that Peter and Paul are insidiously imposing themselves on Anna's courtesy, she demands that the men leave. Georg arrives and tries to eject them from the premises as well. Peter then breaks Georg's leg with the latter's golf club. Paul reveals he has killed Rolfi, and taunts Anna with a cruel searching game (during which he turns around and winks at the camera) until she finds the dog's corpse. It soon becomes evident that the two men have taken the family hostage. - Neighbors Gerda and Robert arrive at the family's dock on a boat. Paul escorts Anna to greet them. Anna finds herself forced to introduce Paul as a family friend and to provide false excuses for Georg's absence, but she also tells Gerda that they may come over after dinner. - Over the following hours, Peter and Paul subject the family to sadistic games. Paul, the more eloquent of the two, punctuates the torture with frequent breaks in the fourth wall and warped role-playing wherein he relates contradictory stories of Peter's past and ridicules his weight and apparent lack of intelligence. No explanation of the men's origins or motives is offered, and even their names may be pseudonyms since they also call each other Tom and Jerry and Beavis and Butt-Head on occasion. - Paul places a bet that the family won’t survive until 9:00 in the morning. He then puts a pillowcase over Georgie’s head and pressures Georg to ask Anna to undress. She complies, only to be told to put her clothes back on. Georgie eventually flees to Fred's house, where he finds Sissi's corpse. He is cornered in the house and attempts to shoot Paul but the shotgun is unloaded. Paul returns Georgie to the home, bringing the shotgun and ammunition with him. Peter plays a counting-out game between family members while Paul makes sandwiches in the kitchen. Georgie panics and runs, which results in Peter shooting him dead. Paul berates Peter for being trigger-happy, and the two men decide to leave. - Georg and Anna grieve their loss but eventually resolve to survive. Anna flees the house while Georg, with a broken leg, tries to repair the malfunctioning phone. Anna strives to find help, but ominously flags down the wrong car. Peter and Paul capture her and return to the house. During another sadistic game, Anna grabs the shotgun and kills Peter; however, Paul finds and uses a remote control to rewind Funny Games itself, effectively ""reversing"" the events that just happened, preventing Peter's death from happening. Paul then shoots Georg and both men take Anna out on the family's boat early the next morning. Around 8:00, Paul nonchalantly pushes the bound Anna into the water to drown, thus winning their bet. The two men casually continue a conversation, started offscreen, about a science fiction plot mainly known to Peter and seemingly relevant to both; the degree to which said plot is fictional to the two men, rather than coincident with their level of reality, is left unexplained. They arrive at Gerda's house and knock on the door, asking for some eggs. Paul turns around and throws a knowing glance towards the audience. - The film frequently blurs the line between fiction and reality, especially highlighting the act of observation. The character Paul breaks the fourth wall throughout the film and addresses the camera in various ways. As he directs Anna to look for her dead dog, he turns, winks, and smirks at the camera. When he asks the family to bet on their survival, he turns to the camera and asks the audience whether they will bet as well. At the end of the film, when requesting eggs from the next family, he looks into the camera and smirks again. Only Paul breaks the fourth wall in the film, while Peter makes references to the formulaic suspense rules of traditional cinema throughout the film.[citation needed] - Paul also frequently states his intentions to follow the standards of film plot development. When he asks the audience to bet, he guesses that the audience wants the family to win. After the killers vanish in the third act, Paul later explains that he had to give the victims a last chance to escape or else it would not be dramatic. Toward the end of the film, he postpones killing the rest of the family because the film has not yet reached feature length. Throughout the film, Paul shows awareness of the audience's expectations. - However, Paul also causes the film to go against convention on a number of occasions. In horror and thrillers, one protagonist that the audience can sympathize with usually survives, but here all three family members die. When Anna successfully shoots Peter, as a possible start to a heroic escape for the family, Paul uses a remote control to rewind the film itself and prevent her action. After Peter shoots Georgie, Paul scolds him for killing the child first because it goes against convention and limits the suspense for the rest of the film. At the end of the film, the murderers prevent Anna from using a knife in the boat to cut her bonds. An earlier close-up had pointed out the knife's location as a possible set-up for a final-act escape, but this becomes a red herring. At the end of the film, Paul again smirks triumphantly at the audience. As a self-aware character, he is able to go against the viewers' wishes and make himself the winner of the film. - After killing Anna, Peter and Paul argue about the line between reality and fiction. Paul believes that a fiction that is observed is just as real as anything else, but Peter dismisses this idea. Unlike Paul, Peter never shows an awareness that he is in a film. - Haneke states that the entire film was not intended to be a horror film. He says he wanted to make a message about violence in the media by making an incredibly violent, but otherwise pointless film. He had written a short essay revealing how he felt on the issue, called ""Violence + Media."" The essay is included as a chapter in the book A Companion to Michael Haneke.[4] - Film scholar Brigitte Peucker argues that the film functions to ""assault the spectator,"" adding: ""On the surface, Funny Games appears to exemplify what Stephen Prince's idea of responsibly filmmaking...  but, by means of modernist strategies such as the direct look out of the frame, it establishes a complicity between the film's spectators and the murderers depicted in its narrative. It takes, therefore, an aggressive—not to say sadistic—posture toward its audience.""[5] - Haneke wanted to make a film set in the United States, but for practical reasons he had to set it in Austria.[6] - After the 2007 American remake directed by Haneke used the same house including props and tones, Robert Koehler of Cineaste wrote that this ""proves for certain that—whether he uses the great cinematographer Jürgen Jürges (for the 1997 version) or the great Darius Khondji (for the new film)—Haneke is fundamentally his own cinematographer exercising considerable control over the entire look of his films.""[6] - European and English-language critics, according to Robert Koehler of Cineaste, ""generally set their criticism against the backdrop of the American slasher film that the film was subverting"" and ""expressed mild forms of outrage along with admiration"".[6] In an interview, the film director and critic Jacques Rivette made his displeasure with the movie clear, calling it ""a disgrace"", ""vile"", and ""a complete piece of shit.""[7] When first shown at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival one-third of the audience had walked out by the end of the film.[8] - On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 71% based reviews from 38 critics, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus states: ""Violent images and blunt audience provocation make up this nihilistic experiment from one of cinema's more difficult filmmakers"".[9] On Metacritic the film has a score of 69 out of 100 based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"".[10] - Variety's David Rooney wrote: ""the film is shocking and upsetting, but never truly gets under the skin the way this kind of material often can. Whatever reservations are prompted by Haneke’s approach, his direction is controlled and edgy."" Rooney criticized the length of the film, saying it ""outstays its welcome and is more than a little too knowing in its manipulation of standard audience expectations for the genre.""[11] - On 14 May 2019, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray as part of the Criterion Collection.[12] - Haneke wrote and directed an American remake of the same name, released in 2007. It stars Tim Roth, Michael Pitt, Brady Corbet and Naomi Watts.[13] -",2023-08-26 18:11:27 -Herri Batasuna - Wikipedia,"Herri Batasuna (Basque pronunciation: [eˈri baˌtas̺uˈna]; English: Popular Unity; HB) was a far-left Basque nationalist coalition in Spain. It was founded in 1978 and defined itself as abertzale, left-wing, socialist, and supported the independence of the Greater Basque Country. It was refounded as Batasuna in 2001 and subsequently outlawed by the Spanish Supreme Court for being considered the political wing of the separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA). - The party was founded in April 1978 as Herri Batasuna, a coalition of leftist nationalist political groups initially brought together to advocate for ""No"" in the referendum to be held that year on the Spanish constitution. - Its constituent parties had been called together by senior Basque nationalist Telesforo de Monzón in a 1978 meeting called ""The table of Alsasua"". Herri Batasuna's founding convention was held in Lekeitio, home of Santiago Brouard, who was then the leader of HASI (Herriko Alderdi Sozialista Iraultzailea or Revolutionary Socialist People's Party). The party won 150,000 votes in the Basque Country (15%) and 22,000 additional votes in Navarre (9%) in its first Spanish general election in March 1979. Thus, they won three seats in the Spanish Parliament, which they did not occupy. The same happened in 1980 in the first elections to the Basque Parliament, in which HB stood as a second political force, with 151,636 votes (16.55%), winning 11 seats. Its absence allowed a BNP-only Basque government led by Carlos Garaikoetxea. On 20 November 1984, Brouard was assassinated by two members of the GAL. The killing is perhaps[citation needed] the only one performed by the GAL death squad within Spain itself. - Another well-known Herri Batasuna leader, Josu Muguruza, was also killed by members of the neo-fascist Bases Autónomas in 1989, while he was in a hotel in Madrid. He was a congressman in the Spanish Parliament when he was assassinated. - Since its foundation, Herri Batasuna ran for every election in the Basque Country and in Navarre, as well as in Spanish general elections (from 1979 to 1996) and the European elections of 1987, 1989 and 1994. In the 2000 Spanish general election, it supported abstention. In the elections held from 1998 to 2001 it was part of the coalition Euskal Herritarrok. - Herri Batasuna refused to participate in many of the institutions it won seats in, with the exception of local town halls. -",2023-08-26 18:11:30 -Johannpeter - Wikipedia,"Johannpeter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: - - -",2023-08-26 18:11:34 -Agaton Sax and the Diamond Thieves - Wikipedia,"Agaton Sax and the Diamond Thieves (Swedish: Agaton Sax och de slipade diamanttjuvarna; published in English in 1965) is a book about detective Agaton Sax by Swedish author Nils-Olof Franzen. It was the first of the series to be published in English.[1] - The Koh-Mi-Nor diamond is stolen and a very clever thief is putting messages about it, in a secret code, in the personal column of the newspaper published by the Swedish detective Agaton Sax. - - This article about a mystery novel for children first published in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.",2023-08-26 18:11:37 -Caddy Adzuba - Wikipedia,"Caddy Adzuba (born 5 April 1981 in Bukavu) is a Congolese lawyer, journalist, and activist for women's rights. Her focus is on fighting sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).[2] She worked for Radio Okapi and in 2014 she received the Princess Asturias Award for Peace. - Adzuba was born on 5 April 1981, she is the oldest of eight siblings born in a wealthy neighborhood of Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo. She graduated in Law at the Université officielle de Bukavu [fr] in 2005.[3] - According to the IFEX Network, a group of organizations defending freedom of expression around the world, Adzuba decided to work for the promotion of human rights when war broke out in her home when she was 16 years old.[4] After being separated from her family and witnessing human suffering, she ""decided to do something for human rights.""[4] - She helped found Un Altavoz para el Silencio network, reporting the sexual violence against women in her country. She is also a member of the East Congo Media Women's Association.[5][6] Caddy Adzuba is also the co-founders of the Women's Alliance for the Promotion of Human Rights.[4] - She is now a journalist in Radio Okapi, the official radio channel of United Nation's mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Nowadays her fights against torture and rape are still in the spotlight, and due to her work, she has received several death threats.[4][7] -",2023-08-26 18:11:41 -Gannawarra Energy Storage System - Wikipedia," - Gannawarra Energy Storage System (GESS) is a grid-connected energy storage system adjacent to the Gannawarra Solar Farm in Wandella in the Shire of Gannawarra, 14km west of Kerang. - The Gannawarra Energy Storage System was partially funded by grants from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency and the Victorian Government. It is owned by Wirsol and Edify Energy[1] and operated by EnergyAustralia. The batteries were provided by Tesla, Inc. and Engineering, procurement and construction was provided by RCR Tomlinson.[2] It helps to ease the demand on a constrained transmission line and balances higher levels of renewable energy on the grid. It first exported electricity to the grid in October 2018.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:11:44 -Polyhedral space - Wikipedia,"Polyhedral space is a certain metric space. A (Euclidean) polyhedral space is a (usually finite) simplicial complex in which every simplex has a flat metric. (Other spaces of interest are spherical and hyperbolic polyhedral spaces, where every simplex has a metric of constant positive or negative curvature). In the sequel all polyhedral spaces are taken to be Euclidean polyhedral spaces. - All 1-dimensional polyhedral spaces are just metric graphs. A good source of 2-dimensional examples constitute triangulations of 2-dimensional surfaces. The surface of a convex polyhedron in - - - - -R - -3 - - - - -{\displaystyle R^{3}} - - is a 2-dimensional polyhedral space. - Any PL-manifold (which is essentially the same as a simplicial manifold, just with some technical assumptions for convenience) is an example of a polyhedral space. In fact, one can consider pseudomanifolds, although it makes more sense to restrict the attention to normal manifolds. - In the study of polyhedral spaces (particularly of those that are also topological manifolds) metric singularities play a central role. Let a polyhedral space be an n-dimensional manifold. If a point in a polyhedral space that is an n-dimensional topological manifold has no neighborhood isometric to a Euclidean neighborhood in R^n, this point is said to be a metric singularity. It is a singularity of codimension k, if it has a neighborhood isometric to R^{n-k} with a metric cone. Singularities of codimension 2 are of major importance; they are characterized by a single number, the conical angle. - The singularities can also studied topologically. Then, for example, there are no topological singularities of codimension 2. In a 3-dimensional polyhedral space without a boundary (faces not glued to other faces) any point has a neighborhood homeomorphic either to an open ball or to a cone over the projective plane. In the former case, the point is necessarily a codimension 3 metric singularity. The general problem of topologically classifying singularities in polyhedral spaces is largely unresolved (apart from simple statements that e.g. any singularity is locally a cone over a spherical polyhedral space one dimension less and we can study singularities there). - It is interesting to study the curvature of polyhedral spaces (the curvature in the sense of Alexandrov spaces), specifically polyhedral spaces of nonnegative and nonpositive curvature. Nonnegative curvature on singularities of codimension 2 implies nonnegative curvature overall. However, this is false for nonpositive curvature. For example, consider R^3 with one octant removed. Then on the edges of this octant (singularities of codimension 2) the curvature is nonpositive (because of branching geodesics), yet it is not the case at the origin (singularity of codimension 3), where a triangle such as (0,0,e), (0,e,0), (e,0,0) has a median longer than would be in the Euclidean plane, which is characteristic of nonnegative curvature. - Many concepts of Riemannian geometry can be applied. There is only one obvious notion of parallel transport and only one natural connection. The concept of holonomy is strikingly simple in this case. The restricted holonomy group is trivial, and so there is a homomorphism from the fundamental group onto the holonomy group. It may be especially convenient to remove all singularities to obtain a space with a flat Riemannian metric and to study the holonomies there. One concepts thus arising are polyhedral Kähler manifolds, when the holonomies are contained in a group, conjugate to the unitary matrices. In this case, the holonomies also preserve a symplectic form, together with a complex structure on this polyhedral space (manifold) with the singularities removed. -All the concepts such as differential form, L2 differential form, etc. are adjusted accordingly. - Another direction of research are developments of dynamical billiards in polyhedral spaces, e.g. of nonpositive curvature (hyperbolic billiards). Positively curved polyhedral spaces arise also as links of points (typically metric singularities) in Euclidean polyhedral spaces. - In full generality, polyhedral spaces were first defined by Milka [1] -",2023-08-26 18:11:48 -East Pauwasi languages - Wikipedia,"The East Pauwasi languages are a family of Papuan languages spoken in north-central New Guinea, on both sides of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border. They may either form part of a larger Pauwasi language family along with the Western Pauwasi languages, or they could form an independent language family.[1] - According to Timothy Usher, the East Pauwasi languages, which seem to form a dialect chain, are:[2] - Usher also identified the Karkar (Yuri) language as Pauwasi. - The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),[3][4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5] - Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-East Pauwasi by Usher (2020) are:[2] -",2023-08-26 18:11:51 -Dragalevska - Wikipedia,"The Dragalevska (Bulgarian: Драгалевска река, Dragalevska reka) is a river in western Bulgaria, a tertiary tributary of the Iskar. - The river flows from the lower northern part of Torfeno Branishte Nature Reserve on Vitosha Mountain, and passes by Kominite area; at the northern foothills of Vitosha the river crosses the village of Dragalevtsi (now part of Sofia, from which the river takes its name), then join few other minor rivers to form Slatinska, and flow into the Perlovska which in turn flows into the Iskar river in the northeastern outskirts of Sofia. - This article related to a river in Bulgaria is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:11:54 -Raised vowel - Wikipedia,"A raised vowel is a vowel sound in which the body of the tongue is raised upward and backward toward the dorsum (soft palate). The most raised cardinal vowels are [u ɯ]; also quite raised are [ʊ], [o ɤ] and [ʉ ɨ]. - Raised vowels and retracted vowels constitute the traditional but articulatorily-inaccurate category of back vowels, but they also cover most of the central vowels. -",2023-08-26 18:11:57 -Adaptive quadrature - Wikipedia,"Adaptive quadrature is a numerical integration method in which the integral of a function - - - -f -( -x -) - - -{\displaystyle f(x)} - - is approximated using static quadrature rules on adaptively refined subintervals of the region of integration. Generally, adaptive algorithms are just as efficient and effective as traditional algorithms for ""well behaved"" integrands, but are also effective for ""badly behaved"" integrands for which traditional algorithms may fail. - Adaptive quadrature follows the general scheme - An approximation - - - -Q - - -{\displaystyle Q} - - to the integral of - - - -f -( -x -) - - -{\displaystyle f(x)} - - over the interval - - - -[ -a -, -b -] - - -{\displaystyle [a,b]} - - is computed (line 2), as well as an error estimate - - - -ε - - -{\displaystyle \varepsilon } - - (line 3). If the estimated error is larger than the required tolerance - - - -τ - - -{\displaystyle \tau } - -(line 4), the interval is subdivided (line 5) and the quadrature is applied on both halves separately (line 6). Either the initial estimate or the sum of the recursively computed halves is returned (line 7). - The important components are the quadrature rule itself - the error estimator - and the logic for deciding which interval to subdivide, and when to terminate. - There are several variants of this scheme. The most common will be discussed later. - The quadrature rules generally have the form - where the nodes - - - - -x - -i - - - - -{\displaystyle x_{i}} - - and weights - - - - -w - -i - - - - -{\displaystyle w_{i}} - - are generally precomputed. - In the simplest case, Newton–Cotes formulas of even degree are used, where the nodes - - - - -x - -i - - - - -{\displaystyle x_{i}} - - are evenly spaced in the interval: - When such rules are used, the points at which - - - -f -( -x -) - - -{\displaystyle f(x)} - - has been evaluated can be re-used upon recursion: - A similar strategy is used with Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature, where the nodes are chosen as - Or, when Fejér quadrature is used, - Other quadrature rules, such as Gaussian quadrature or Gauss-Kronrod quadrature, may also be used. - An algorithm may elect to use different quadrature methods on different subintervals, for example using a high-order method only where the integrand is smooth. - Some quadrature algorithms generate a sequence of results which should approach the correct value. Otherwise one can use a ""null rule"" which has the form of the above quadrature rule, but whose value would be zero for a simple integrand (for example, if the integrand were a polynomial of the appropriate degree). - See: - ""Local"" adaptive quadrature makes the acceptable error for a given interval proportional to the length of that interval. This criterion can be difficult to satisfy if the integrands are badly behaved at only a few points, for example with a few step discontinuities. Alternatively, one could require only that the sum of the errors on each of the subintervals be less than the user's requirement. This would be ""global"" adaptive quadrature. Global adaptive quadrature can be more efficient (using fewer evaluations of the integrand) but is generally more complex to program and may require more working space to record information on the current set of intervals. -",2023-08-26 18:12:01 -2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria - Wikipedia," - The 2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria was held on 25 May 2014[2] to elect the Members of the European Parliament from Bulgaria to the European Parliament as part of the larger European Parliament election. After a decision by the European Council in 2013, Bulgaria was allocated 17 seats in the European Parliament for the Eighth European Parliament.[3] - The election campaign officially began on 25 April 2014, one month before the election day.[4] - The elections come a year after the 2013 parliamentary elections in Bulgaria that resulted in a minority parliament. Since the election winner, GERB, failed to form a government the Socialists and the DPS formed a coalition government led by Plamen Oresharski. The European elections of 2014 are considered to be of importance as they will reflect the popularity of the current government. - In February 2014 Bulgarian MPs voted to lower the preferential-vote threshold for the election from 6% to 5% of each list's total votes.[5] - Implicit electoral threshold still remains equal to the Hare Quota, which is about 5.88% of the total valid votes.[6] - Polls include Bulgarian parliamentary election polls if European parliamentary election polling numbers are unavailable. - The following 17 MEP were elected:[7] - European People's Party–European Democrats – 7 seats: - Party of European Socialists – 4 seats: - Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe – 4 seats: - European Conservatives and Reformists[10] – 2 seats - According to a survey taken by the NGO Institute for Public Environment Development, the following table represents the media campaign expenses of the main parties:[11] -",2023-08-26 18:12:06 -Anti-Lithuanian sentiment - Wikipedia,"Anti-Lithuanian sentiment (sometimes known as Lithuanophobia)[1] is the hostility, prejudice, discrimination, distrust, racism or xenophobia directed against the Lithuanian people, Lithuania or Lithuanian culture. It may also include persecution, oppression or expulsion of Lithuanians as an ethnic group. - Some Belarusian academics are known for engaging in historical negationism and trying to culturally appropriate Lithuanian culture, national identity and history of statehood by arguing that the Belarusian word litoutsy (літоўцы), meaning ‘Lithuanian’, historically refers to modern Belarusians instead whereas present-day Lithuanians are pretenders who should actually be identified as letuvisy (летувicы) and are accused of stealing their ethnonym as well as the historic name of their homeland.[2][3] Some Belarusian scholars consider the statehood of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to be primordially Slavic rejecting the notion that its origins come from Baltic Lithuanian tribes. Historian Mikola Yermalovich claimed that King Mindaugas was Belarusian whereas the epicentre of historic Lithuania was actually in central and southern Belarusian lands.[4] - During the Belarusian opposition protests in 2021, a Lithuanian woman was arrested and beaten up by Belarusian OMON forces after they found out she was a Lithuanian citizen.[5] - In 2023, statistics from the previous year alone indicated that a significant number of Lithuanians were exploited or faced discrimination at work in Belgium with Federal Public Service Employment getting around 400 complaints: 168 of cases were from Lithuanians who did not receive their paycheck or it got delayed whereas 234 of them received smaller payments than their coworkers for the same work because of their background. There were also accounts of Lithuanians facing racist or humiliating comments such as being called ‘dirty’, ‘Eastern European’ or noted as coming ‘from the Soviet Union’ in their certificate of employment.[6][7] - In 2007, a scandal began to surface as it emerged that some Irish schools forbid Lithuanian children from using their native tongue. There was a reported case of Lithuanian girls suffering physical abuse because they were considered to be more attractive than their Irish peers. Inspector for Children’s Rights Rimantė Šalaševičiūtė stated that “Lithuanian children are feeling unsafe and face discrimination” and concluded that Lithuanian and Irish children were not being treated as equals.[8] In 2008, three Lithuanian men were beaten up because of their nationality by bouncers who claimed that people like them are not welcomed.[9] - -During the plague of 1709–11 in the Kingdom of Prussia, 270,000 Baltic people died from starvation and disease, 150,000–160,000 of whom were from the Lithuanian province. This was partially a consequence of Prussian leadership not sending any food aid to regions inhabited by Old Prussians and Prussian Lithuanians due to poor harvest, laws forbidding them to have a sauna resulting in a lack of hygiene and servile work conditions imposed by local administrations. This tragedy resulted in the near-complete extinction of Old Prussians and had tremendous demographic consequences for Prussian Lithuanians. Once the plague ended, King Frederick William I invited colonisers from Germany, Holland, Switzerland, France and Austria to resettle in Lithuania Minor.[10] After the creation of the German Empire in 1871, the population of Prussian Lithuanians in East Prussia started to decline even further due to Germanisation. Many Lithuanians who wanted a better life were forced to adopt German culture and eventually abandoned their native tongue. Germans believed their culture to be superior to Lithuanian culture whereas the nation itself was considered to be politically inept. In 1916, a German science publication Der Koloss aut fonernen Fusen in Munich wrote: [T]he Lithuanian himself has a tendency to superior German culture and by taking this path, he can become a loyal citizen of the Reich. [...] those who think that a Lithuanian is already mature enough for even the most primitive form of self-governance are deeply mistaken.[11] During World War II, in accordance with Generalplan Ost, the Nazis planned to commit a mass-scale genocide of Lithuanians — 85% were to be physically exterminated, which was the second-highest percentage of planned killings of an ethnic group in German-occupied Europe only to be surpassed by Latgalians.[12] - -Historically, Lithuanians in Latvia were called leiši, which apart from its primary meaning was also used to refer to someone who is negligent, lazy, uneducated and illiterate. Following Latvia’s declaration of independence, this term was soon replaced by a neologism lietuvieši due to its negative connotations and official complaints from the Lithuanian Government regarding the designation of the nationality of their compatriots in Latvian passports. Philologist Aistė Brusokaitė suggests that Latvians were the first ones to call Lithuanians zirga galva, meaning 'horse head', which was later adopted as an insult by Lithuanians themselves: Since Latvians were economically more well off than Lithuanians, Latvians that lived by the border used to take young Lithuanian workmen to serve on their farms to do all the dirty work. Latvians were Lutherans and Lutherans always paid more attention to education. Because of this, Latvians were more educated than Lithuanians, which is why less educated, illiterate Lithuanians were sometimes looked down upon and called ‘zirga galva’.[13] Before World War II, the Government of Latvia closed Lithuanian organisations and schools, which contributed to many Lithuanians fleeing the country as they could no longer ensure proper education for their children. In the 1950s and 60s, however, economically struggling Lithuanians were once again resettling in Latvia where they faced some degree of discrimination from the locals who did not consider them to be equal or trustworthy. There were reported cases of inciting tensions and insults directed at the Lithuanian people as well as children bullied at school for having Lithuanian parents.[14] - -The first negative depictions of Lithuanians in Polish culture date back to the 13th century when they were perceived as wild, greedy and cruel barbarians. In the 15th century, Polish priest Jan Długosz described Lithuanians as barbarous shabby primitives. According to historian Krzysztof Buchowski, “Poles mocked Lithuanians for their poverty, lack of manners and untidiness.”[15] Poland also held certain negative attitudes towards the Lithuanian language and culture as well. Lithuanians experienced strong Polonization, especially in the church, with many Polish clergymen, including hierarchs, deeming the Lithuanian language unrefined, pagan-like and unsuitable for the Christian faith, including its prayers or psalms. Historical accounts also mention violent outbursts in churches against Lithuanian peasants because of their nationality or native tongue.[16] There was a belief amongst the Lithuanian peasantry that they should pray in Polish since Lithuanian is the language of pagans and therefore God cannot understand it.[17] When comparing historical discrimination faced by Latvians under German rule, linguist Alvydas Butkus notes that “Latvians were becoming cultured as Latvians whereas the preliminary condition for Lithuanian and Latgalian peasants to be cultured was Polish language and Polish national identity.”[16] According to historian Alvydas Nikžentaitis, Polish literature also played its role in reinforcing Polish prejudice towards Lithuanians: In Polish historical consciousness, there is no place for 20th-century events, the formation of the modern Lithuanian nation is ignored and Lithuania is being seen through the creative prism of Adam Mickiewicz and Henryk Sienkiewicz: Lithuanian is a Polish-loving barbarian who should be grateful to Poland for each and every civilizational accomplishment.[18] After the Polish–Lithuanian War, Lithuanian captives experienced inhumane treatment by the Polish: when transported to Galicia, they were deprived of food, insulted and pelted with apples and stones. Some prisoners died from starvation.[19] In January 1921, a Polish military regime in the Vilnius Region was introduced. Local Lithuanians faced severe repressions: they were punished for letting their children go to Lithuanian schools, possessing illegal press and refusing to participate in rigged elections as they were persecuted, fined or imprisoned. Many Lithuanian intellectuals faced expulsion from their homeland and the Gymnasium of Vilnius was shut down. Some Lithuanian students turned up in protest, but they were brutally cracked down by police. As described by journalist Jeronimas Cicėnas: When police ousted gymnasium principal M. Biržiška and the director of the teacher’s seminary J. Kairiūkštis from the premises, the Lithuanian anthem could be heard in the street. The alarm of the police immediately followed… A dozen students were beaten until they were bleeding. Practically all were hit by gunstocks, sticks and rocks. I remember when we retreated to the nearby streets. But in Vilnius and Subačius Streets, we were being beaten once again.[20] Following the annexation of the Republic of Central Lithuania in 1922, Poland actively promoted Polonisation policies aimed to assimilate Lithuanians: they were not allowed to do civil service, have Lithuanian surnames or baptise their children with Lithuanian names. During sermons, Polish priests compared Lithuanians to pagans, their native tongue was presented as unsuitable for prayers. Ordinary Poles would also openly demonstrate their anti-Lithuanian sentiment: there are numerous reported cases of vandalism when they would smash Lithuanian windows on February 16 and even try to break into their apartments. According to journalist Rapolas Mackonis: Constant debilitating persecutions, harassment, and hatred towards Lithuanians at every step resulted in unbearable life and work conditions. Many Lithuanians could not take it and one by one — some on wheels, some by foot — fled to the West. Besides, many could not get passports and had to scram for this reason alone. Others faced exile.[20] 1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania raised tensions as Poles living in Vilnius held signs saying: “Those who beat Lithuanians live a hundred years” and “Death to Lithuanians.”[20] - During World War II, the Polish resistance forces organised mass killings of innocent Lithuanians. On April 25, 1943, Home Army executed at least 11 Lithuanian civilians in Nočia village, Rodunė, after they told them they identified themselves as Lithuanians. On May 12 of the same year, Polish partisans killed two Lithuanians in Rimdžiūnai village, Gervėčiai, by nearly ripping a woman in half and by cutting off the scalp of a man. In January 1944, Home Army attacked Knicekai village in Eišiškės and massacred 35 Lithuanian civilians with 13 being injured and 40 farms burned to the ground. In the early morning of February 10, 1944, Lithuanians in Rudamina were instructed to leave the Vilnius Region within the next 12 hours or be hanged. Such orders were also given to 330 Lithuanian families living in Maišiagala and Paberžė.[21] On June 23, 1944, in response to the Glinciszki massacre, which was a Lithuanian revenge campaign for killing their auxiliary policemen, the Polish resistance movement Home Army killed up to 200 innocent Lithuanian civilians (by Polish accounts — 27)[22] in the Dubingiai massacre. The victims included newborns, children, women and the elderly. They also killed 273 Lithuanians in Molėtai from 1943 to 1945.[23] Around 4,000 people were murdered by Polish partisans in ethnic Lithuania alone.[24] In 1993, the General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Lithuania concluded that “the partisan units of the Home Army who did not recognise the return of Vilnius to Lithuania in 1939, committed genocide against the Lithuanian people.”[25] - The activities of the Home Army in Lithuania remain a sensitive subject for both nations to this day. On March 13, 2005, Lithuanian broadcaster TV3 showed a documentary The Home Army in Lithuania. The Dead End of History (In Lithuanian: Armija Krajova Lietuvoje. Istorijos akligatvis) covering these tragic historical events.[26] Then-correspondent for Gazeta Wyborcza in Vilnius Jacek Komar condemned this film. The broadcaster responded by asking: “Should all those who were beaten, robbed, terrorised, raped by the Home Army soldiers remain silent? Those who were forbidden from speaking Lithuanian, whose passports and prayer books were examined, whose relatives were shot in the back or their heads were smashed against the wall?”[27] - Polish derogatory sayings such as “Lithuanian is a boor whereas Pole is a master” (In Polish: Litvin – cham, a polek – pan) are sometimes used to this day. In 2013, during a football match between Lech Poznań and Žalgiris clubs in Poznań, Polish fans publicly mocked Lithuanians by hanging up a banner, saying “Lithuanian boor, kneel before the Polish master” (In Polish: Litewski chamie, klęknij przed polskim paniem). Thousands of Poles signed a letter of apology on Gazeta Wyborcza following the incident claiming that “in Poland, there’s no place for such primitive behaviour that insults the Lithuanian nation.”[18] In 2014, however, another incident followed when in Białystok football stadium Polish fans showed signs with the word “Wilno” painted in Polish national colours, alluding to Poland's historical claims of Vilnius.[28] - -Some Lithuanian public figures also complained about Lithuanian Poles who are allegedly abusing their minority rights and slandering the Lithuanian state based on nationalist sentiments, thus deliberately sabotaging its reputation in the international arena. Romualdas Ozolas wrote: Even international institutions acknowledge that the conditions for the Polish community in Lithuania are the best in the world: every Pole can get their education in their native language starting from primary school, even in kindergarten, all the way to high school. The education expenses in Polish for Poles, as for all Lithuanian citizens, are covered by the Lithuanian state. <...> The Polish community in Lithuania has its representatives at all levels of Lithuanian politics, starting with elderships and ending with Lithuanian Seimas, Government, European Parliament. Unfortunately, ultranationalist leaders and representatives of Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania in power are unilaterally yelling: Poles are being neglected by Lithuania, Poles are being discriminated against in Lithuania![29] After the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, most of Lithuania proper fell under Russian rule. From the early 19th century, Russian ethnic policies concerning annexed land were different: unlike in Poland, Latvia, Estonia or Finland where Russians imposed more mild integration policies mainly seeking to turn them into loyal subjects of the state, Lithuanians together with Belarusians and Ukrainians faced assimilation.[30] The unsuccessful January Uprising (1863–64) resulted in Governor General Mikhail Muravyov initiating the Programme of Restoration of Russian Beginnings that claimed Lithuanian land being Russian since ancient times.[31] In 1863, Lithuanian publications in Latin script were banned. From 1872, only the Cyrillic script was allowed and Lithuanian was banned in schools.[30] - -Following the occupation of East Prussia, around 130,000 Prussian Lithuanians suffered from ethnic cleansing as they were slaughtered by the Red Army. Thousands of local orphans also known as wolf children (In Lithuanian: vilko vaikai) were left behind to fend for themselves, with many Prussian Lithuanian children escaping to Lithuania proper by crossing Neman.[32][33] According to the Research Centre of Lithuania, “In Lithuania Minor and all of East Prussia, there were almost no settlements where the Soviets wouldn’t have killed and tortured the civilian population, destroyed or pillaged their property. Men were killed and women were raped.”[34] NKGB officer Kuzmyn in Klaipėda writes: In Klaipėda and Šilutė there are all-around rapes of women happening, regardless of their nationality, physical stance or age. The beautiful city of Šilutė that was left by the Germans without a battle now looks repulsive.[35] In 1947, the Council of Lithuania Minor in Fulda, Germany, protested against the ethnic crimes and Russian colonisation of their homeland. Some historians deny accusations of genocide against Prussian Lithuanians, claiming it to be the result of soldier brutality.[33] In 2006, this massacre has been recognised by Lithuania as genocide against the Prussian Lithuanian people carried out by the Soviet regime.[36] - During the Soviet times, the famous slogan “Lithuania shall remain but without Lithuanians” by statesman Mikhail Susnov was coined.[37] Once Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, immediate Russification followed: the Communist Party of the Soviet Union would give administration positions in Lithuanian SSR to Russian representatives who usually could not speak Lithuanian, ethnic Russians were encouraged to resettle in Lithuania. In some governmental institutions of Soviet Lithuania, the Lithuanian language was banned. In 1948, 80% of all communists in Lithuania were Russians whereas only 18.5% of them were Lithuanians with the situation getting slightly better after Stalin's death. In 1953, the leadership of the Lithuanian SSR indirectly admitted that there were attempts to Russify Lithuania and plans to eliminate politics of national character. In the 1980s, Russification intensified in public life as well: it was mandatory for the Lithuanian Communist Party to report on their progress regarding Russification. From 1972, Lithuanian names were started to be written in accordance with Eastern Slavic naming customs as patronyms were introduced.[38] - Similarly to the Soviet Union, modern Russia has also been accused of historical negationism, claiming Kaliningrad to be “primordially Russian land” despite the region sharing much closer cultural ties with its neighbouring countries and being historic Baltic land of Prussian Lithuanians and Old Prussians for centuries. Historical book The Western Part of the Lithuanian Ethnographic Territory written by Professor Pavel Kushner (Knyshev) [ru] exploring Baltic people’s ties to the region has been removed from all libraries of Kaliningrad and mainland Russia with possibly only a few copies in archives remaining.[39] - In the present-day political context, Lithuanians themselves are oftentimes framed as ‘nazis’ or ‘fascists’ by the Russian state media and press due to the Lithuanian killing squad Ypatingasis būrys carrying out atrocities against the Jewish population during the Holocaust and Lithuanian leadership defending partisans of questionable reputation.[40][41][42] In 2015, Russian politician Vladimir Zhirinovsky threatened the territorial integrity of Lithuania by urging Russia to “take back Klaipėda and Vilnius” on national television.[43] In 2023, reacting to President of Lithuania Nausėda's encouragement to send more military aid to Ukraine, Russian television host Vladimir Solovyov made claims suggesting that Lithuania is not worthy of its independence, threatened the future of its sovereignty, and asked: “Why do we put up with their existence?”[44] - There have been instances of Russian ethnically motivated violence directed against the Lithuanians living in Lithuania. In 2020, a 24-year-old Russian man who received political asylum physically assaulted a Lithuanian teacher in Visaginas for teaching Russians Lithuanian in school and called Lithuanians ""man-eaters"".[45][46] Lithuanians have also been attacked for addressing Russian speakers in Lithuanian either as pedestrians or clients.[47][48] - Lithuanians have reported facing double standards when seeking to come to the United Kingdom. There have been reports of Lithuanians having to pay £55 more for obtaining a UK visa than citizens from other EU countries. Despite Britain’s official explanation that the larger price is a result of Lithuania not ratifying the Social Charter of the European Commission of 1961, Embassy of Lithuania claimed this decision to be discriminatory and “not fully convincing” as the country did ratify the Social Charter of 1986, which “[f]rom a legal stance, is not a more inferior document.” Post-Brexit amendments affecting labour migration in Britain have also been seen as discriminatory against Lithuanian workers as it will cost much more for employers to employ them in comparison to other nationals. In the words of the representative for IOM Audra Sipavičienė, additional taxes for employers “may contribute to Lithuanians being discriminated against in the labour market. This means there will be no interest in taking a more expensive Lithuanian instead of a cheaper Latvian.”[49] There have been several instances of hostility towards Lithuanian migrants accompanied by property damage although motives for such attacks may vary.[50][51][52] In 2016, a twelve-year-old Lithuanian boy was beaten up in Manchester because of his nationality by his British peer who was ordered to do so by his mother waiting for him in the car. Many Lithuanian families have claimed their children suffered abuse in public schools because of their nationality.[53] -",2023-08-26 18:12:09 -Nilsen Plateau - Wikipedia,"Nilsen Plateau ( WikiMiniAtlas86°20′S 158°0′W / 86.333°S 158.000°W / -86.333; -158.000) is a rugged, ice-covered plateau in Antarctica. When including Fram Mesa, the plateau is about 30 nautical miles (60 km) long and 1 to 12 nautical miles (22 km) wide, rising to 3,940 m between the upper reaches of the Amundsen and Scott Glaciers, in the Queen Maud Mountains. Discovered in November 1911 by the Norwegian expedition under Roald Amundsen, and named by him for Captain Thorvald Nilsen, commander of the ship Fram. The highest peak in Nilsen Plateau ( WikiMiniAtlas86°17′S 157°58′W / 86.283°S 157.967°W / -86.283; -157.967) is unnamed and has an elevation of 3940 metres. - Crown Mountain surmounts the west side of the plateau. -  This article incorporates public domain material from ""Nilsen Plateau"". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.  - This Ross Dependency location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:12:13 -Flinders University - Wikipedia," - Flinders University is a public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia, with a footprint extending across 11 locations in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of British navigator Matthew Flinders, who explored and surveyed the Australian and South Australian coastline in the early 19th century. - Flinders' main campus at Bedford Park in Adelaide's south is set upon 156 acres of gardens and native bushland, making it a verdant university . Other campuses include Tonsley, Adelaide Central Business District, Renmark, Alice Springs, and Darwin. It is a member of the Innovative Research Universities (IRU) Group.[1] - Flinders University leads the nation in postgraduate employment outcomes [2] according to the 2021 Graduate Outcome Survey - Longitudinal,[3] released by the Australian Government's Quality Indicators for Learning and Teaching.[4] - By the late 1950s, the University of Adelaide's North Terrace campus was approaching capacity. In 1960, Premier Thomas Playford announced that 150 hectares (370 acres) of state government-owned land in Burbank (now Bedford Park) would be allocated to the University of Adelaide for the establishment of a second campus.[5] - Planning began in 1961. The principal-designate of the new campus, economist and professor Peter Karmel, was adamant that the new campus should operate independently from the North Terrace campus. He hoped that the Bedford Park campus would be free to innovate and not be bound by tradition.[5] - Capital works began in 1962 with a grant of £3.8 million from the Australian Universities Commission. Architect Geoff Harrison, in conjunction with architectural firm Hassell, McConnell and Partners, designed a new university that, with future expansions, could eventually accommodate up to 6000 students.[5] - In 1965, the Australian Labor Party won the state election and Frank Walsh became premier. The ALP wished to break up the University of Adelaide's hegemony over tertiary education in the state, and announced that they intended the Bedford Park campus to be an independent institution.[5] - On 17 March 1966, a bill was passed by state parliament officially creating the Flinders University of South Australia.[6] Although the Labor Party had favoured the name ""University of South Australia"", academic staff wished that the university be named after a ""distinguished but uncontroversial"" person. They settled upon British navigator Matthew Flinders, who explored and surveyed the South Australian coastline in 1802. Its original coat of arms, designed by a professor in the Fine Arts faculty, included a reproduction of Flinders' ship Investigator and his journal A Voyage to Terra Australis, open to the page in which Flinders described the coast adjacent the campus site.[5] - Flinders University was opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, on 25 March 1966.[6] Peter Karmel was the first Vice-Chancellor and Sir Mark Mitchell the first Chancellor. The university commenced teaching on 7 March 1966 with a student enrolment of 400. - A significant early initiative was the decision to build the Flinders Medical Centre on land adjacent to the campus and to base the university's Medical School within this new public hospital – the first such integration in Australia. Flinders accepted undergraduate medical students in 1974, with the FMC opening the following year.[6] - In 1990, the biggest building project on campus since the mid-1970s saw work commence on three new buildings – Law and Commerce; Engineering; and Information Science and Technology. Approval for the establishment of a School of Engineering was given in 1991 and degrees in Electrical and Electronic Engineering[7] and Biomedical Engineering[8] were established shortly afterwards. - In 1991, as part of a restructuring of higher education in South Australia, Flinders merged with the adjacent Sturt Campus of the former South Australian College of Advanced Education. - In 1992 a four-faculty structure was adopted. - In 1998, the Centre for Remote Health, a rural teaching hospital based in Alice Springs, was established jointly with the Northern Territory University (now Charles Darwin University). This was expanded further in 2011 with the establishment of the Northern Territory Medical Program.[9] - Since 2000 the university has established new disciplines in areas including Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and more disciplines of Engineering.[10][11] - In 2011, the bacteria genus Flindersiella was named after the university after the strain was found on a tree on campus grounds.[12] - In 2015, the university opened a new campus at Tonsley,[13] the former site of the Mitsubishi Motors Australia plant in Southern Adelaide. This campus houses the university's School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics,[14] along with the Medical Device Research Institute,[15] the Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology (now known as the Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology)[16] and Flinders technology start-up company Re-Timer.[17] - In 2016, the university celebrated its 50th anniversary with a calendar of public events,[18] and a publication[19] summarising the highlights of the university's history, research, and alumni achievements over the last 50 years.[20] 2016 also saw the opening of the award-winning student hub and plaza, transforming the central campus.[21] - On 1 July 2017, the university restructured from a two-tier academic system of four faculties and 14 schools, to a single-tier structure consisting of six colleges.[22] - The university's strategic plan Making a Difference - The 2025 Agenda released in 2016 set an ambitious vision for the coming decade for Flinders to reach the top ten of Australian Universities, and the top one per cent in the world.[23] - In 2019 the university announced an additional $100 million investment in research and a further $100 million in education over a five-year period to support it to meet its strategic goals.[24] - The university also in 2019 announced plans for a substantial development on a tract on land on the northern portion of the Bedford Park Campus adjacent to the Flinders hospitals precinct. Known as Flinders Village the decade-long development will deliver research facilities, student accommodation, commercial premises and amenities.[25] The catalyst for the initiative was the extension of the Clovelly Park rail line to the Flinders precinct. The $141m rail line and Flinders Station project began operation in December 2020.[26][27] Stage one of the Flinders Village development is the construction of a Health and Medical Research Building. Construction began in December 2021 and the building, which will be home to Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, is scheduled for completion in 2024.[28] - In 2021 the University announced it would be expanding its Central Business District presence, establishing a vertical campus as the anchor tenant in Festival Tower, a major development scheduled for completion in 2024 adjacent to Parliament House and the Adelaide Railway Station on North Terrace.[29] - In 2022, the newly elected state Labor government led by Peter Malinauskas proposed setting up a commission to investigate the possibility of a merger of South Australia's three public universities UniSA, University of Adelaide and Flinders University.[30] - The university's main campus is in the Adelaide inner southern suburb of Bedford Park, about 12 km south of the Adelaide city centre.[31] The university also has a presence in Victoria Square in the centre of the city,[32] and Tonsley.[33] It also maintains a number of external teaching facilities in regional South Australia, south-west Victoria and the Northern Territory. As of 2020 international students made up 19.5% of the on-campus student population[34] and a number of offshore programmes are also offered, primarily in the Asia-Pacific region. - Flinders University offers more than 160 undergraduate and postgraduate courses, as well as higher degree research supervision across all disciplines. Many courses use new information and communication technologies to supplement face-to-face teaching and provide flexible options. - Flinders University has been served by six Chancellors and eight Vice Chancellors since its establishment in 1966. They are:[41] - Flinders University is amongst the world's top 300 institutions at 266 according to the 2022 Times Higher Education rankings.[52] - Flinders has two options regarding on-campus accommodation: - For off-campus accommodation, Flinders Housing run a free, up-to-date accommodation service which lists private accommodation available on the rental market. - Empire Times was published by the Students' Association of Flinders University (SAFU) from 1969 to 2006. The founder and first editor of the newspaper was Martin Fabinyi, and the newspaper was originally printed in the back of his house by fellow student Rod Boswell. Empire Times had a history of controversial humour and anti-establishment discussion. Notable former editors and contributors included Martin Armiger and Greig (HG Nelson) Pickhaver, Steph Key and Kate Ellis. Empire Times ceased publication in 2006 as a result of voluntary student unionism, but resumed in 2013.[53] - Flinders University has many sports teams that compete in social and competitive competitions. - Flinders University has 22 affiliated sporting clubs including Aikido, Athletics, Badminton, Baseball, Basketball, Cricket, CrossFit, Football, Hockey, Kendo, Korfball, Lacrosse, Men's Soccer, Muay Thai, Netball, Quidditch Squash, Ultimate Frisbee, Underwater, Volleyball, Wing Chun and Women's Soccer. - Additionally, Flinders University students have the capacity to go away to annual university games events and compete in a range of sports while representing the university. - - To date, Flinders has produced one Australian of the Year[59] in Richard Harris, one Fields Medalist[60] in Terry Tao, five Rhodes scholars.[61] and 26 Fulbright scholars. -",2023-08-26 18:12:16 -Bezirksleiter - Wikipedia,"Bezirksleiter (District Leader) was a Nazi Party title which was used in the early years of the Party's existence, beginning around 1926. - The position of Bezirksleiter was originally established around 1926 as the next higher organizational official overseeing several local branches (Ortsgruppen) of the Party. As such, the Bezirksleiter served as the intermediary between the local Party heads (Ortsgruppenleiter) and the head of the Gau organization (Gauleiter). The number of Bezirkleiters in each Gau, if any, depended on the size of the Gau, and their jurisdictions were not necessarily coterminous with existing governmental units. - At a January 1929 Party Conference held in Weimar, Gregor Strasser, the Reichsorganisationsleiter, authorized the Gauleiters to subdivide their Gaue into districts if the organizational strength of the Gau justified this change.[1] The subdivisions were based on the Kreis, the standard administrative unit existing in the German States, roughly analogous to a county. With this organizational restructuring, the Bezirksleiter began to be phased out, to be replaced by the Kreisleiter as the standardized intermediate administrative level between the Gauleitung (Gau leadership) and the local Party branches. - Many of the early Bezirksleiters advanced to the position of Gauleiter, such as Franz Schwede, Gustav Simon, Jakob Sprenger, Josef Terboven and Karl Wahl to name but a few.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:12:19 -Monogamus - Wikipedia," - Monogamus is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eulimidae.[1] - - This Eulimidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:12:22 -International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network - Wikipedia,"The International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) is a world-wide consortium of institutes operating ground-based magnetometers recording the absolute level of the Earth's time-varying magnetic field,[1][2][3] to an agreed set of standards. INTERMAGNET has its roots in discussions held at the Workshop on Magnetic Observatory Instruments in Ottawa, Canada, in August 1986 and at the Nordic Comparison Meeting in Chambon La Foret, France, in May 1987. A pilot scheme between USGS and BGS was described in the sessions of Division V of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy at the 19th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Vancouver, Canada, in August 1987. This scheme used the GOES East satellite to successfully transfer geomagnetic data between the two organisations. INTERMAGNET was founded soon after in order to extend the network of observatories communicating in this way. 62 different institutes are now members of the INTERMAGNET consortium, and, since 1991, data have been contributed to INTERMAGNET from approximately 150 observatories. INTERMAGNET is a member of the World Data System of the International Science Council, and it is closely associated with the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy.[4] - INTERMAGNET is organised into an Executive Council, formed of representatives of its founding members (NRCan – Canada, IPGP – France, BGS – United Kingdom, USGS – United States of America), and an Operations Committee, formed of members from many institutes concerned with geomagnetism and with operating magnetic observatories. The Operations Committee handles applications for membership of INTERMAGNET, implements updates to the technical manual.[5] and oversees the maintenance of standards and the annual publication of data. Intermagnet operational standards and other technical information are summarized in the technical manual. - One-minute resolution data time series are available from all IMOs (INTERMAGNET Magnetic Observatories): these are described as ""definitive data"", as they are not subject to future reprocessing or re-calibration and therefore represent INTERMAGNET's ""gold-standard"" data product for scientific and other uses. Definitive data are therefore considered an accurate representation of the vector geomagnetic field and its time dependence at the location of each IMO. Reported or raw, unprocessed data are reported promptly from each observatory (for some stations, within an hour of acquisition). The one-minute resolution data are time-stamped to the start of each minute and are derived from faster sampled data according to digital filters that accord with the technical standards for one-minute data. - INTERMAGNET introduced (as of 2016) a new set of standards for the measuring, recording and reporting of 1-second sampled data by IMOs. INTERMAGNET also introduced (in 2013) a category of ""quasi-definitive"" 1-minute data to encourage the prompt reporting of observatory data that are demonstrably ""close"" to ""definitive data"" (within 5nT). Quasi-definitive data are intended to encourage the uptake of ground-based magnetometer data alongside the high volumes of satellite survey data, particularly for the construction and geophysical interpretation of regional and global magnetic field models. - The IMOs must send reported and adjusted data within 72 hours to geomagnetic information nodes (GINs), located in Paris, France; Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Golden, USA; Kyoto, Japan. In practise, however, many IMOs distribute their data to the GINs much more promptly. - INTERMAGNET data are available in several formats and data are published annually. Prior to 2014, definitive 1-minute data were published on CD or DVD and each IMO received a copy of all data. Until 2016 IMO data were made available on USB memory stick (additional copies available on application to the INTERMAGNET secretary). For the 2016 data release and to mark 25 years of digital data, INTERMAGNET released a final USB stick containing all data published since 1991. For later years definitive data are available in digital form from the website only. INTERMAGNET has introduced the concept of the ""INTERMAGNET Reference Data Set"" or IRDS, to mark the annual release of data on the website and containing all IMO for a given year, plus all data from the start of INTERMAGNET, including any corrections and adjustments to data released with IRDS for previous years. As a concept the IRDS probably most closely resembles the update cycle of the IGRF. - INTERMAGNET has developed a metadata schema as part of its plans for data interoperability. - INTERMAGNET data are now retrievable and accessible via API. - Quasi-definitive data (QDD) are data that have been corrected using provisional baselines. Produced soon after acquisition, 98% of the differences between QDD and definitive data (X-north, Y-east, Z-down) monthly mean values should be less than 5nT. QDD are intended to support field modelling activities during the modern satellite survey era, providing extra constraints on, for example, models of the field secular variation. - INTERMAGNET data are subject to conditions of use and are licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC. Commercial use of data may be possible through direct permission of the institute that is responsible for the data requested. - In 2019 INTERMAGNET published its first DOI, for the 2013 annual definitive data set.[citation needed] INTERMAGNET intended that DOIs would become a standard means of data recognition and citing, for example by minting DOI for each annual IRDS.[citation needed] - Version 5.0 of the INTERMAGNET technical manual will be available on the website from September 2019. - A number of software tools are available from INTERMAGNET for the easy checking, plotting and manipulation of data. INTERMAGNET welcomes community development of tools and software and encourages contributions.[citation needed] - INTERMAGNET data are used for a wide variety of applications, including geomagnetic field mapping, monitoring variable space-weather conditions, directional drilling for oil and gas, aeromagnetic surveying, assessment of geomagnetic hazards (including space weather), and fundamental research on the Earth's interior and surrounding space and atmospheric environments. Standard products utilizing INTERMAGNET data include: magnetic indices (e.g. K, Dst), the World Magnetic Model and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. -",2023-08-26 18:12:26 -Liaison Committee (House of Commons of the United Kingdom) - Wikipedia," - The Liaison Committee is a committee of the British House of Commons, the lower house of the United Kingdom Parliament. The committee consists of the chairs of the 32 Commons select committees and the chair of the Joint Committee on Human Rights. - The role of the committee is to consider general matters relating to the work of select committees. It advises the House of Commons Commission on select committees as well as choosing select committee reports for debate in the chamber. - Since 2002, the Prime Minister has appeared annually before the Liaison Committee in order to give evidence on matters of public policy. The Liaison Committee is the only Commons committee that questions the prime minister and generally meets twice a year.[1][2] - As of 14 March 2023, the members of the committee are as follows:[3] -",2023-08-26 18:12:29 -Back hip circle - Wikipedia,"The back hip circle is an element in men's and women's artistic gymnastics. It is usually performed on the uneven bars or high bar, but can also be done on the balance beam. It is a basic skill, and is usually one of the first learned by beginning gymnasts, but also appears as a component of more advanced moves. The back hip circle is first used in level 2 women gymnastics. - On bars, the back hip circle is usually performed in combination with a cast. To perform the skill, the gymnast rests on the bar in a front support. He casts away, returns to the bar, and travels around it, returning to a front support. - A more advanced version of the back hip circle is the clear hip. In this move, the gymnast still circles backwards around the bar, but does not return to a front support. A clear hip can be linked to a handstand, dismount or release move. - On beam, the Yurchenko loop and the Teza both end in back hip circles. -",2023-08-26 18:12:32 -A Mind of Her Own - Wikipedia," - A Mind of Her Own is a British film released in 2006. Based on a true story, the film is directed, produced, and written by Owen Carey Jones and stars Nicky Talacko as Sophie and Amanda Rawnsley as Becky. - Sophie dreams of going to medical school but is discouraged by virtually everyone as she struggles with dyslexia. Encouraged by her friend Becky, Sophie eventually puts herself through college and graduate school and helps develop a cure for paralysis. - - This article related to a British film of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:12:36 -Jessie Gillespie Willing - Wikipedia,"Jessie Gillespie Willing (March 28, 1888 – August 1, 1972) was an American illustrator during the Golden Age of illustration. She was considered the foremost silhouette illustrator of her time, although she did traditional illustration as well. Willing illustrated for books and magazines including Life, The Ladies' Home Journal, Woman's Home Companion, Mother and Child, McClure's Magazine, Childhood Education, the Sunday Magazine, Association Men (the magazine of the YMCA), Farm and Fireside, Every Week, Children: The Magazine for Parents (which became Parents Magazine), and the American Magazine. She is perhaps most well known for her work for the Girl Scouts. - Willing was born in Brooklyn on March 28, 1888 to John Thomson Willing (August 4, 1860 – July 8, 1947)[1][2] and Charlotte Elizabeth Van Der Veer Willing (December 1, 1859 – March 4, 1930).[3] Thomson Willing was a noted illustrator and art editor. He was also well known for finding new artistic talent. Jessie Willing was the eldest of three children. Her brother Van Der Veer (November 30, 1889 – January 14, 1919), who died of pneumonia at the age of 29, was an advertising agent.[4] Her sister Elizabeth Hunnewell Willing (July 26, 1908 – August 15, 1991) was one of the first women to graduate from the Philadelphia Divinity School.[5][6] Elizabeth married the Rev. Orrin Judd, rector of St. Mary's Episcopal Church, on September 22, 1931, and was active in church work. - The Willing family moved to the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia in 1901 or 1902. Jessie Willing attended the Stevens School, from which she graduated in 1905. She then went on to attend the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts from 1906 to 1907.[7][8] - Willing used her middle name Gillespie as her professional surname. She also often signed her illustrations J.G.[9] The story goes that the art editor of Life magazine was in Thomson Willing's office when he was the art editor of the Associated Sunday Magazine syndicate. Thomson Willing had some of Jessie's artwork on his desk, which the Life editor saw and admired. He asked for the artist's information so that he could give her freelance work. Thomson Willing did not want to be accused of nepotism so he persuaded Jessie to use Jessie Gillespie as her professional name, which she did.[10][11] - In addition to her extensive illustration work, Willing was also the editor of Heirlooms and Masterpieces from 1922 to 1931 and the art editor of Jewelers' Circular-Keystone from 1933 to 1939.[12] She specialized in jewelry publicity and advertising. In 1966 she won the Gold medal of the Printing Week Graphic Arts Exhibit in Philadelphia for her Christmas catalog for J.E. Caldwell Co., Philadelphia. - Willing was a member of the Plastic Club of Philadelphia,[13]the American Institute of Graphic Arts and the National Arts Club of New York.[14] She was an honorary life member of the National Arts Club[15] and served on its Board of Governors from 1941-1970. In 1963, she received the Gold Medal of the National Arts Club in recognition of 32 years of selfless devotion.[15] Additionally, she was the national director of the American Institute of Graphic Arts from 1943 to 1946.[15] - Illustrations appearing in Life magazine: - Willing's art appeared on several Vogue magazine covers from 1910 to 1912. They are generally signed J.G. - Willing was among the noted artists, including Lester Ralph, Margaret Evans Price, and Edith Ballinger Price, to create memorable illustrations for the Girl Scouts. Willing's silhouettes were used in handbooks, song books, certificates, postcards, Christmas cards, stationary, equipment catalogs, and the Girl Scout magazines, The Rally (1917-1920), The American Girl (1920 - ), and The Girl Scout Leader[106] (1923 - 2009). - In addition to the work that she did for the Girl Scouts, Willing did publicity work for the Children's Aid Society, the Boys' Club of New York, the Peabody Home for Aged and Indigent Women,[107] the Chapin Home for the Aging and the National Council of Protestant Episcopal Churches.[108] - Willing served as president of the Manhattan United Church Women from 1957 to 1960; the vice president and a director of the Manhattan Protestant Council;[15] a member of the Board of the Church Women, Diocese of New York; and president of the Women's Association of Grace Church, NY.[109][15] - In 1927, Children, The Magazine for Parents created an award for the best book for parents, written by an American author and published during the year. Willing created the medal, which depicts the head of a young boy facing left with the inscription, ""Puer melior, civis optimus,"" which translated means ""The better the child, the better the citizen.""[110] Children, The Magazine for Parents changed its name to Parents' in 1929. The medal was crafted by the Medallic Art Company (MACO) and was assigned the MACO number 1928-012.[111] - Willing also created the image for the William Hale Harkness medal for the highest potential in leadership and citizenship for the Boys' Club of NY. The medal depicts three young men facing right.[112][113] This medal was also crafted by the Medallic Art Company and was assigned the MACO number 1956-076.[114] - Willing moved to West Caldwell, NJ, where her sister lived, in 1971. She died in Mountainside Hospital in Montclair, NJ on August 1, 1972 and was interred in the family plot at Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[8] - Kennedy, Martha H. Drawn to Purpose: American Women Illustrators and Cartoonists. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. -",2023-08-26 18:12:41 -Nash Entertainment - Wikipedia,"Nash Entertainment is a reality television and feature film production company. Founded in 1994 by Bruce Nash, the first production under its name was Before They Were Stars. The company is located at Sunset Gower Studios in Hollywood, California.[1] It has 14 corporate employees and approximately 250 production employees. -",2023-08-26 18:12:44 -Campaign for Safe Cosmetics - Wikipedia,"The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics is an umbrella coalition of groups with a focus on perceived risks of chemicals used in cosmetics. - Founding campaign members include Alliance for a Healthy Tomorrow, the Breast Cancer Fund, Commonweal, Environmental Working Group, Friends of the Earth, National Black Environmental Justice Network, National Environmental Trust and Women's Voices for the Earth. - The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics consumer campaign began with a campaign over presence of phthalates, believed to impair fertility and be potentially harmful to developing humans, in cosmetics.[1] - The release of the 2002 report and the succeeding studies that supported its findings prompted a coalition of public health, educational, religious, labor, women's, environmental, and consumer groups to call for consumer health protection from authorities and safer cosmetics from manufacturers.[2] - In February 2003, the European Union (EU) passed a new amendment to their Cosmetics Directive that prohibits the use of known or suspected carcinogens, mutagens and reproductive toxins (CMRs) from cosmetics. This amendment went into force in September 2004.[citation needed] - In the spring of 2004, members of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and more than 50 other organizations signed a letter asking cosmetics companies and personal care product companies to sign the Compact for Safe Cosmetics (Compact for the Global Production of Safer Health and Beauty Products), a pledge to remove toxic chemicals and replace them with safer alternatives in every market they serve.[citation needed] - At least 1,500 cosmetic companies became members of this compact. The initiative, however, had to be closed down due to the amount of information that needed to be processed for each new company and new product introduced to the market.[3] - On February 8, 2007, representatives of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics and environmentalist David Steinman held a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. regarding the presence of 1,4-dioxane in children's and adult's bath and beauty products. The press conference called for official Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight of the cosmetics and personal care products industry, which is currently subject only to suggestions from the FDA.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:12:48 -Sagamore Hill Radio Observatory - Wikipedia,"The Sagamore Hill Solar Radio Observatory is a solar radio observatory located in Hamilton, Massachusetts, that operates on a daily basis to obtain scientific observations of the Sun. It is a functional component of the Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN).[1] - It became apparent in the early 1960s that certain space weather events might interfere with the U.S. objective of putting a man on the moon. Foremost among these concerns was the possibility of a geomagnetic storm of solar origin. Metric Type II radio bursts, signatures of coronal shock waves or coronal mass ejections, were known to be commonly associated with solar flares. The United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) was thus assigned the task of developing and validating a network of ground-based solar observatories. AFRL established a worldwide network of sweep frequency recorders from which estimates of the shock speed in the corona could be made. The prototype was assembled and operated at Sagamore Hill during the early 1960s. The observatory began operating solar patrols in 1966.[2] - The Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) transferred operation of the observatory to the Air Force in October 1978.[3] The observatory is now officially Detachment 2, 2nd Weather Squadron of the 2nd Weather Group of the 557th Weather Wing. The 2nd Weather Squadron currently operates other RSTN observatories at Kaena Point, Hawaii; San Vito dei Normanni, Italy; and Learmonth, Western Australia.[1] - Instruments currently located at the Sagamore Hill RSTN site include the Radio Interference Monitoring Sets (RIMS) and the Solar Radio Spectrograph (SRS).[1] The RIMS system consists of three dishes observing at eight different frequencies, while the SRS system consists of two antennas observing two different frequency bands. - The site previously included a 150-foot fully steerable antenna, which was installed in 1963 and moved to Millstone Hill in Westford, Massachusetts in 1978. In 1967, this parabolic dish was used to receive data from the solar research satellite OV1-5, and to conduct ionospheric research by receiving transmissions from the Intelsat 1 and ATS-1 satellites.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:12:51 -"Kochanów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship - Wikipedia"," - Kochanów [kɔˈxanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zabierzów, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Zabierzów and 15 km (9 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kraków.[1] - The village has a population of 300. Religions: Roman Catholicism, Jehovah's Witnesses (1%). - - - This Kraków County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:12:54 -Puerto Rico Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection - Wikipedia,"The Puerto Rico Commissioner of Safety and Public Protection (Spanish: Comisionado de Seguridad y Protección Pública) is the Cabinet-level officer of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico that leads the Commission on Safety and Public Protection and, as such, coordinates, manages, and oversees all the public safety agencies and related private organizations in Puerto Rico.[1][2] The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent from the Senate and can only be selected from those holding the position of Adjutant General, Fire Chief, Police Superintendent, or Director of the State Agency for Emergency and Disaster Management.[1] The office was abolish with the creation of the Puerto Rico Department of Public Safety. - In 1993, the Governor of Puerto Rico through an executive order created the Puerto Rico Safety Council to oversee all matters related to public safety within Puerto Rico. Since its creation the Council was considered highly effective; however, at that time the Council was led by the Governor and required his continued presence so that the Council could operate effectively. This had the consequence of subtracting time from the Governor to focus on other areas of public administration. Because of this, the government created the Commission on Safety and Public Protection led by a Commissioner with broad powers so that he, rather than the Governor, could implement, manage, coordinate, and oversee all public policy related to public safety in Puerto Rico.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:12:58 -Naïve (album) - Wikipedia," - Naïve is the fifth studio album by German industrial band KMFDM, released on November 15, 1990, by Wax Trax! Records. It was recorded following KMFDM's return from their first visit to the United States and subsequent tour with Ministry.[3] It was also the first record they released after signing directly to Wax Trax! Records. - The album was out of print for over a decade due to copyright infringement: the seventh track ""Liebeslied"" used unauthorized samples from a recording of ""O Fortuna"", from Carl Orff's 1930s cantata Carmina Burana. The album was recalled approximately three years after being released. Copies today are rare and considered collector's items.[4] In addition to this, ""Godlike"" samples ""Angel of Death"" by Slayer.[5] - All of the tracks on the album, except for the original mixes of ""Die Now-Live Later"", ""Liebeslied"" and ""Go to Hell"" were subsequently available on other discs. The album was re-released as Naïve/Hell to Go, with some songs remixed, in 1994. A digitally remastered reissue of Naïve was released on 21 November 2006, along with Money and Angst. It was reissued with an edited version of the track ""Liebeslied"" without the offending sample. It also features the remixes that initially appeared on Naïve/Hell to Go. - Naïve received excellent reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine called Naïve ""one of [KMFDM's] strongest releases.""[6] Ned Raggett of Allmusic began his review by saying, ""KMFDM brought it all together on the brilliant Naïve"", doing ""everything from four-to-the-floor beats to Wagnerian epic metal and back again"".[1] He went on to call it ""one of industrial/electronic body music's key albums"", and said that KMFDM was a band ""so ridiculously good that everything they touch pretty much turns to gold"".[1] He also said that while the title track was ""fantastic"", the ""total standout"" of the album was ""Liebeslied"": ""Outrageously interpolating Carl Orff's noted vocal piece Carmina Burana into a bombastic explosion of mechanical rhythms, orchestral hits, and an increasing amount of hero guitar feedback slabs, not to mention the husked, desperate lead vocals, it's a jawdropping masterpiece that demands and gets total surrender.""[1] In 2019, Pitchfork magazine ranked Naïve at number ten on its list of the thirty-three best industrial albums of all time, with writer Susan Elizabeth Shepard noting that the album combined ""hip-hop beats and metal riffs into deep, big-beat anthems"".[7] - Naïve/Hell to Go is a modified and remixed version of Naïve, with five of the original songs re-recorded, including ""Liebeslied"", which contained an unlicensed sample of ""O Fortuna"" from Carl Orff's cantata Carmina Burana.[8] After Orff's publisher threatened the band with legal action,[9] the original album was recalled. -",2023-08-26 18:13:01 -Gmina Ceranów - Wikipedia,"Gmina Ceranów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Ceranów, which lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Sokołów Podlaski and 96 km (60 mi) north-east of Warsaw. - The gmina covers an area of 110.83 square kilometres (42.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,448 (2,331 in 2013). - Gmina Ceranów contains the villages and settlements of Adolfów, Ceranów, Długie Grodzieckie, Długie Grzymki, Długie Kamieńskie, Garnek, Lubiesza, Natolin, Noski, Olszew, Przewóz Nurski, Pustelnik, Radość, Rytele Suche, Rytele-Olechny, Rytele-Wszołki, Wólka Nadbużna, Wólka Rytelska, Wszebory and Zawady. - Gmina Ceranów is bordered by the gminas of Kosów Lacki, Małkinia Górna, Nur, Sterdyń and Zaręby Kościelne. - -",2023-08-26 18:13:05 -Europs (mythology) - Wikipedia,"In Greek mythology, the name Europs (Ancient Greek: Εὔρωψ, romanized: Eúrops) may refer to: -",2023-08-26 18:13:08 -Lucas Niang - Wikipedia," - Lucas Niang (born August 18, 1998) is an American football offensive tackle for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas Christian University (TCU) and was drafted by the Chiefs in the third round of the 2020 NFL Draft. He is a dual citizen and is both American and French. - Niang grew up in New Canaan, Connecticut, where he became a football star at New Canaan High School. He was born in New York City and lived in Geneva, Switzerland from the ages of 4 to 6. His family moved to New Canaan, Connecticut when they returned to the US.[1] Niang started to play football with the Pop Warner league in New Canaan in 3rd grade. Niang also played basketball and tennis growing up. Playing both offensive and defensive line in high school, he helped lead the Rams to state championships in 3 straight seasons from 2013 to 2015, before committing to play college football at TCU. At New Canaan, Niang was a two time All-FCIAC selection as a Junior and Senior, and during his Senior Season was an All-State First-team Selection, from both the Coaches Association and New Haven Register.[2] - Niang was highly recruited coming out of high school. He had around 40 scholarship offers from schools including TCU, Penn State, Auburn, Miami, and Georgia, and decided to enroll at TCU. After enrolling at TCU in 2016, Niang played in 12 of the Horned Frogs' 13 games as a true freshman that fall. He became a starter midway through his sophomore season in 2017, helping lead the Frogs to the program's first-ever berth in the Big 12 Championship Game and a win in the 2017 Alamo Bowl over Stanford.[3] - Starting all 13 games at right tackle for TCU as a junior in 2018, Niang didn't allow a sack the entire season[4] and earned 2nd Team All-Big 12 honors [5] before helpling lead the Frogs to a win over California in the 2018 Cheez-It Bowl.[6] - Prior to his senior season, Niang was named 1st Team Preseason All-Big 12,[7] and The Athletic named him as one of the top offensive linemen in college football.[8] Hall of Fame NFL executive Gil Brandt has named Niang as one of the top offensive line prospects for the 2020 NFL Draft,[9] and ESPN draft expert Todd McShay has projected Niang as a first-round selection and best offensive tackle in the 2020 NFL Draft.[10] - Niang was forced to end his senior season early after TCU pulled out an upset win against the University of Texas in late October 2019. He had been advised by his doctor the week before to get surgery to repair a torn hip labrum he had been playing through since the beginning of the season to avoid the risk of a more severe injury. - Niang played as a true freshman in 12 games out of 13. He became a starter as a sophomore and in his 28 games and three-year span as a starter for TCU, he never allowed a single sack. Over that period, he only had two holding calls and no false starts.[11] - Niang was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round with the 96th overall pick of the 2020 NFL Draft.[12] On August 6, 2020, he announced he would opt out of the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[13] - Niang was named the Chiefs starting right tackle to begin the 2021 season. He started seven of the first nine games, missing two with a shoulder injury, before suffering a ribs injury in Week 9. He missed the next four games. He made his first start at left tackle in Week 17 but suffered a torn patellar tendon in the game. He was placed on injured reserve on January 7, 2022.[14] - On August 23, 2022, Niang was placed on the reserve/PUP list. He was activated from the reserve/PUP list three months later.[15] Niang won his first Super Bowl when the Chiefs won Super Bowl LVII against the Philadelphia Eagles.[16] - Niang is the first French national to ever play in the Super Bowl game and win a Super Bowl ring.[17] - Niang's parents moved to the United States from France and he is fluent in French.[12] His father is from France and his mother is from Côte d'Ivoire.[18] -",2023-08-26 18:13:11 -2013 Chapramari Forest train accident - Wikipedia," - The 2013 Chapramari Forest train accident occurred on 13 November 2013 in the eastern area of the Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, between Chalsa and Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal.[1][2] - The accident killed or injured 17 Indian elephants and has been described as the worst of its kind in recent history.[2][3][4] - The Wildlife Protection Society of India reported that 20 elephants were killed in 2007.[5] In 2013, the tally on the Chapramari track, specifically, reached 17 including those killed by 13 November accident.[6] - The number of wild elephants in all of India is thought to be about 26,000.[7] - At approximately 17:40 on 13th November 2013 - Wednesday, an Assam-bound passenger train travelling through the Chapramari Forest, Udaipur City–Kamakhya Kavi Guru Express (19709), approached the Jaldhaka River Bridge at ~80 km/h and collided with a herd of 40–50 Indian elephants, killing five adults and two calves and injuring ten others.[1][8][9] - Surviving elephants fled but soon returned to the scene of the accident and remained there until being dispersed by officials.[9] - Additional Divisional Railway Manager B. Lakra stated, ""We have heard of the accident. All necessary actions are being taken. Special relief train has been sent and all Assam bound trains are being deviated through alternate route.""[1] The track was reopened for service after 12 hours.[7] A meeting to discuss future prevention was held between forest and railway officials on 14 November.[10] - According to a telephone interview of Jalpaiguri divisional forest officer Bidyut Sarkar conducted by The New York Times, ""one female elephant, whose leg was fractured by the train and was unable to stand, fell into a ravine below the track, unreachable by cranes or trucks, so veterinarians descended and set up a camp near her to provide treatment"".[7] The remains of one elephant were caught up in the structure of the bridge and necessitated disintegration for removal.[7][11] - Some injured elephants remain in critical condition.[3] - A protest seeking better regulation for trains passing through the wildlife sanctuary occurred on 14 November in Jalpaiguri.[12][13] In an unrelated statement by West Bengal's forest minister, Hiten Burman, it was noted that official requests to a similar effect have been disregarded by railway authorities in the past.[9] - The accident reignited discussion over the history and administration of the 168 km track, which spans New Jalpaiguri to Alipurduar and also passes through Buxa Tiger Reserve.[1] Animesh Basu, a coordinator for the Himalayan Nature and Adventure Foundation, criticised the government's response to the issue of its national heritage animal being frequently hit by trains, highlighting the irony of Indian Railways' use of an elephant calf as its mascot.[11] - Electric fencing, stationary lighting, and motion sensors have each been proposed as technical measures to prevent similar incidents in the future.[14] - Officials plan to launch an investigation into the causes of the accident.[15] Speeding is suspected as a possible contributing factor.[10][15] The train was traveling at 80 km/h and guidelines specify a limit of 40 km/h.[16] - Minister of State for Railways Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury stated that the accident ""happened outside the area which has been earmarked as elephant corridor"" and that it ""is the responsibility of the state government to protect the wildlife [because] railway officials cannot"".[14] - -",2023-08-26 18:13:14 -Maya Station - Wikipedia," - Maya Station (摩耶駅, Maya-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).[1] - Maya Station is served by the Tōkaidō Main Line (JR Kobe Line), and is located 583.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tokyo and 27.3 km from Osaka Station. Only all-stations ""Local"" services stop at this station.[2] - The station consists of one island platform an elevated station building. The station is staffed. The station has three elevators: one at each entrance and one providing access to the platforms. Similarly, three escalators are provided: one at each entrance and one for the platforms. - In addition to solar panels on the roof of the station, the station incorporates a system which converts electricity generated by trains when they brake to augment the station power supply, the first time such a system has been used by JR West.[3] - The north entrance in March 2016 - The platforms in March 2016 - Details of the new station were formally announced by JR West on 2 October 2015.[4] The name is derived from the nearby Mount Maya, after which many local features are named.[3] JR West bore virtually all of the total construction costs of JPY 4 billion.[4] The station opened on 26 March 2016.[5] - Station numbering was introduced in March 2018 with Maya being assigned station number JR-A59.[6][7] - In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 5,785 passengers daily[8] - Media related to Maya Station at Wikimedia Commons - This Hyōgo Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:17 -MS Klipfontein (1939) - Wikipedia,"MS Klipfontein was a Dutch ocean liner launched in March 1939 and delivered 29 July intended for South African service. Declaration of war in Europe, including Britain and South Africa declaring war on Germany, resulted in the ship being transferred to service between the Dutch East Indies and the west coast of North America. After the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1939, with the Dutch government in exile in London, the ship supported the Allied war effort. After entry of the United States into the war the ship was operated by Dutch agents of the U.S. War Shipping Administration (WSA) from February 1942 to February 1946 as a troopship from the U.S. West Coast to Pacific war zones. - The ship was lost 8 January 1953 in the vicinity of Inhambane during a voyage from Lourenco Marques to Beira, Mozambique. All passengers were saved and the cargo was later in part salvaged. - Klipfontein was built as a passenger and cargo vessel by Machinefabriek en Scheepswerf van P. Smit Jr. N.V., Rotterdam, Netherlands for N.V. Vereenigde Nederlandsche Scheepvaartmaatschappij, (United Netherlands Shipping Company) The Hague, Netherlands as hull 517. The steel hull, three deck ship, built for the company's Holland-Africa Line's South African service, was launched 4 March 1939 and delivered on 29 July as the first of three sister ships.[1][3][note 1] - In October 1939, after the German Invasion of Poland and war was declared by Britain and South Africa, Klipfontein was transferred to the Java-Pacific Line for operation between the Dutch East Indies and the west coast of North America.[1] - Klipfontein, which had been operating for the Allied war effort before the U.S. entry, was one of the Dutch ships taken over by the War Shipping Administration (WSA) 23 February 1942, allocated to U.S. Army with the nature of the operating agreement with the Netherlands Ministry of Shipping changed 23 May 1942 to a time charter extending until 1 February 1946. The operating agreement was with the Army Transportation Corps with the ship sometimes seen as the USAT Klipfontein though it was never under Army administration. The ship was one of the WSA troopships operated by agents, in this case for most of the war by the Dutch operating company Stoomvarrt Mataschappiy Nederland.[4][5][6][7] - Klipfontein departed San Francisco with cargo for Australia in March 1942 returning by way of New Zealand in May before alterations required to become a troop transport had been made. Subsequent to those alterations the ship made regular trips to the South West Pacific operation area with some operations in the Central Pacific operation areas.[4] As an example of the ships originating in Allied and occupied nations is a convoy escorted by USS Chester departing 2 September 1942 from Nouméa, New Caledonia with the transports Klipfontein, Noordam, Tjisdane and Torrens.[8] Noordam and Tjisdane were as Klipfontein Dutch ships while Torrens was Norwegian.[9][10][11] - The ship made multiple, routine trips from San Francisco to Australia and the islands on the route into 1943 as the Allies advanced in the region. From October 1943 until the end of 1944 the route began to include ports recently secured during the New Guinea campaign such as Milne Bay, Oro Bay where on one trip the ship as aground for 72 hours, Buna and Finschhafen.[4] - Among those the ship transported was the U.S. Army X Army Corps headquarters departing from San Francisco on 14 July 1944 on the way to Oro Bay. Those troops ultimately reached the Philippines.[7] - Later in 1944 Klipfontein began transport to areas in the central Pacific with some departures from Seattle to include Guam, Saipan, Ulithi and Eniwetok. In 1945 the ship's destinations included Leyte and Manila in the Philippines and eventually Yokohama and Nagoya, Japan. On return from Japan on 2 January 1946 the ship was released from transport duties.[4] - The ship was returned to civilian use 1 February 1946.[4][5] - The ship was lost during a voyage from Amsterdam to South and East Africa. During passage departing Lourenco Marques on 8 January 1953 for Beira, Mozambique the ship had passed Ponta Zavora some 2.5 nmi (2.9 mi; 4.6 km) distant when some 22 minutes later a vibration followed by three impacts was felt. The ship was abandoned an hour later.[1][12] - The wreck lies between two reef systems, an inshore and offshore reef, near Zavora.[13] The exact nature of the cause is still a matter of question. There is speculation the ship struck the reef in which the wreckage now lies. Others note shipwrecks in the area including a possible German submarine. - The cargo of 1000 tons of copper and manganese ore and 100 bales of wool. The copper was later recovered. - - The wreck, the exact cause still a mystery, lies at 53 m (174 ft) and is a critical habitat for giant groupers. Manta rays may also be seen.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:13:21 -Adam Smith - Wikipedia," - Adam Smith FRSA (baptised 16 June [O.S. 5 June] 1723[5] – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish[a] economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.[7] Seen by some as ""The Father of Economics""[8] or ""The Father of Capitalism"",[9] he wrote two classic works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work that treats economics as a comprehensive system and as an academic discipline. Smith refuses to explain the distribution of wealth and power in terms of God's will and instead appeals to natural, political, social, economic and technological factors and the interactions between them. Among other economic theories, the work introduced Smith's idea of absolute advantage.[10] - Smith studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was one of the first students to benefit from scholarships set up by fellow Scot John Snell. After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at the University of Edinburgh,[11] leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow, teaching moral philosophy and during this time, wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments. In his later life, he took a tutoring position that allowed him to travel throughout Europe, where he met other intellectual leaders of his day. - As a reaction to the common policy of protecting national markets and merchants, what came to be known as mercantilism—nowadays often referred to as ""cronyism"" or ""crony capitalism""[12]—Smith laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory. The Wealth of Nations was a precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics. In this and other works, he developed the concept of division of labour and expounded upon how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial in his own day and his general approach and writing style were often satirised by writers such as Horace Walpole.[13] - Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, in Fife, Scotland. His father, also Adam Smith, was a Scottish Writer to the Signet (senior solicitor), advocate and prosecutor (judge advocate) and also served as comptroller of the customs in Kirkcaldy.[14] Smith's mother was born Margaret Douglas, daughter of the landed Robert Douglas of Strathendry, also in Fife; she married Smith's father in 1720. Two months before Smith was born, his father died, leaving his mother a widow.[15] The date of Smith's baptism into the Church of Scotland at Kirkcaldy was 5 June 1723[16] and this has often been treated as if it were also his date of birth,[14] which is unknown. - Although few events in Smith's early childhood are known, the Scottish journalist John Rae, Smith's biographer, recorded that Smith was abducted by Romani at the age of three and released when others went to rescue him.[b][18] Smith was close to his mother, who probably encouraged him to pursue his scholarly ambitions.[19] He attended the Burgh School of Kirkcaldy—characterised by Rae as ""one of the best secondary schools of Scotland at that period""[17]—from 1729 to 1737, he learned Latin, mathematics, history, and writing.[19] - Smith entered the University of Glasgow at age 14 and studied moral philosophy under Francis Hutcheson.[19] Here he developed his passion for the philosophical concepts of reason, civilian liberties, and free speech. In 1740, he was the graduate scholar presented to undertake postgraduate studies at Balliol College, Oxford, under the Snell Exhibition.[20] - Smith considered the teaching at Glasgow to be far superior to that at Oxford, which he found intellectually stifling.[21] In Book V, Chapter II of The Wealth of Nations, he wrote: ""In the University of Oxford, the greater part of the public professors have, for these many years, given up altogether even the pretence of teaching."" Smith is also reported to have complained to friends that Oxford officials once discovered him reading a copy of David Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, and they subsequently confiscated his book and punished him severely for reading it.[17][22][23] According to William Robert Scott, ""The Oxford of [Smith's] time gave little if any help towards what was to be his lifework.""[24] Nevertheless, he took the opportunity while at Oxford to teach himself several subjects by reading many books from the shelves of the large Bodleian Library.[25] When Smith was not studying on his own, his time at Oxford was not a happy one, according to his letters.[26] Near the end of his time there, he began suffering from shaking fits, probably the symptoms of a nervous breakdown.[27] He left Oxford University in 1746, before his scholarship ended.[27][28] - In Book V of The Wealth of Nations, Smith comments on the low quality of instruction and the meager intellectual activity at English universities, when compared to their Scottish counterparts. He attributes this both to the rich endowments of the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge, which made the income of professors independent of their ability to attract students, and to the fact that distinguished men of letters could make an even more comfortable living as ministers of the Church of England.[23] - Smith's discontent at Oxford might be in part due to the absence of his beloved teacher in Glasgow, Francis Hutcheson, who was well regarded as one of the most prominent lecturers at the University of Glasgow in his day and earned the approbation of students, colleagues, and even ordinary residents with the fervor and earnestness of his orations (which he sometimes opened to the public). His lectures endeavoured not merely to teach philosophy, but also to make his students embody that philosophy in their lives, appropriately acquiring the epithet, the preacher of philosophy. Unlike Smith, Hutcheson was not a system builder; rather, his magnetic personality and method of lecturing so influenced his students and caused the greatest of those to reverentially refer to him as ""the never to be forgotten Hutcheson""—a title that Smith in all his correspondence used to describe only two people, his good friend David Hume and influential mentor Francis Hutcheson.[29] - Smith began delivering public lectures in 1748 at the University of Edinburgh,[30] sponsored by the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh under the patronage of Lord Kames.[31] His lecture topics included rhetoric and belles-lettres,[32] and later the subject of ""the progress of opulence"". On this latter topic, he first expounded his economic philosophy of ""the obvious and simple system of natural liberty"". While Smith was not adept at public speaking, his lectures met with success.[33] - In 1750, Smith met the philosopher David Hume, who was his senior by more than a decade. In their writings covering history, politics, philosophy, economics, and religion, Smith and Hume shared closer intellectual and personal bonds than with other important figures of the Scottish Enlightenment.[34] - In 1751, Smith earned a professorship at Glasgow University teaching logic courses, and in 1752, he was elected a member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, having been introduced to the society by Lord Kames. When the head of Moral Philosophy in Glasgow died the next year, Smith took over the position.[33] He worked as an academic for the next 13 years, which he characterised as ""by far the most useful and therefore by far the happiest and most honorable period [of his life]"".[35] - Smith published The Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759, embodying some of his Glasgow lectures. This work was concerned with how human morality depends on sympathy between agent and spectator, or the individual and other members of society. Smith defined ""mutual sympathy"" as the basis of moral sentiments. He based his explanation, not on a special ""moral sense"" as the Third Lord Shaftesbury and Hutcheson had done, nor on utility as Hume did, but on mutual sympathy, a term best captured in modern parlance by the 20th-century concept of empathy, the capacity to recognise feelings that are being experienced by another being. - Following the publication of The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith became so popular that many wealthy students left their schools in other countries to enroll at Glasgow to learn under Smith.[36] At this time, Smith began to give more attention to jurisprudence and economics in his lectures and less to his theories of morals.[37] For example, Smith lectured that the cause of increase in national wealth is labour, rather than the nation's quantity of gold or silver, which is the basis for mercantilism, the economic theory that dominated Western European economic policies at the time.[38] - In 1762, the University of Glasgow conferred on Smith the title of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.).[39] At the end of 1763, he obtained an offer from British chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend—who had been introduced to Smith by David Hume—to tutor his stepson, Henry Scott, the young Duke of Buccleuch as preparation for a career in international politics. Smith resigned from his professorship in 1764 to take the tutoring position. He subsequently attempted to return the fees he had collected from his students because he had resigned partway through the term, but his students refused.[40] - Smith's tutoring job entailed touring Europe with Scott, during which time he educated Scott on a variety of subjects. He was paid £300 per year (plus expenses) along with a £300 per year pension; roughly twice his former income as a teacher.[40] Smith first travelled as a tutor to Toulouse, France, where he stayed for a year and a half. According to his own account, he found Toulouse to be somewhat boring, having written to Hume that he ""had begun to write a book to pass away the time"".[40] After touring the south of France, the group moved to Geneva, where Smith met with the philosopher Voltaire.[41] - From Geneva, the party moved to Paris. Here, Smith met American publisher and diplomat Benjamin Franklin, who a few years later would lead the opposition in the American colonies against four British resolutions from Charles Townshend (in history known as the Townshend Acts), which threatened American colonial self-government and imposed revenue duties on a number of items necessary to the colonies. Smith discovered the Physiocracy school founded by François Quesnay and discussed with their intellectuals.[42] Physiocrats were opposed to mercantilism, the dominating economic theory of the time, illustrated in their motto Laissez faire et laissez passer, le monde va de lui même! (Let do and let pass, the world goes on by itself!). - The wealth of France had been virtually depleted by Louis XIV[c] and Louis XV in ruinous wars,[d] and was further exhausted in aiding the American revolutionary soldiers, against the British. Given that the British economy of the day yielded an income distribution that stood in contrast to that which existed in France, Smith concluded that ""with all its imperfections, [the Physiocratic school] is perhaps the nearest approximation to the truth that has yet been published upon the subject of political economy.""[43] The distinction between productive versus unproductive labour—the physiocratic classe steril—was a predominant issue in the development and understanding of what would become classical economic theory. - In 1766, Henry Scott's younger brother died in Paris, and Smith's tour as a tutor ended shortly thereafter.[44] Smith returned home that year to Kirkcaldy, and he devoted much of the next decade to writing his magnum opus.[45] There, he befriended Henry Moyes, a young blind man who showed precocious aptitude. Smith secured the patronage of David Hume and Thomas Reid in the young man's education.[46] In May 1773, Smith was elected fellow of the Royal Society of London,[47] and was elected a member of the Literary Club in 1775. The Wealth of Nations was published in 1776 and was an instant success, selling out its first edition in only six months.[48] - In 1778, Smith was appointed to a post as commissioner of customs in Scotland and went to live with his mother (who died in 1784)[49] in Panmure House in Edinburgh's Canongate.[50] Five years later, as a member of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh when it received its royal charter, he automatically became one of the founding members of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[51] From 1787 to 1789, he occupied the honorary position of Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow.[52] - Smith died in the northern wing of Panmure House in Edinburgh on 17 July 1790 after a painful illness. His body was buried in the Canongate Kirkyard.[53] On his deathbed, Smith expressed disappointment that he had not achieved more.[54] - Smith's literary executors were two friends from the Scottish academic world: the physicist and chemist Joseph Black and the pioneering geologist James Hutton.[55] Smith left behind many notes and some unpublished material, but gave instructions to destroy anything that was not fit for publication.[56] He mentioned an early unpublished History of Astronomy as probably suitable, and it duly appeared in 1795, along with other material such as Essays on Philosophical Subjects.[55] - Smith's library went by his will to David Douglas, Lord Reston (son of his cousin Colonel Robert Douglas of Strathendry, Fife), who lived with Smith.[57] It was eventually divided between his two surviving children, Cecilia Margaret (Mrs. Cunningham) and David Anne (Mrs. Bannerman). On the death in 1878 of her husband, the Reverend W. B. Cunningham of Prestonpans, Mrs. Cunningham sold some of the books. The remainder passed to her son, Professor Robert Oliver Cunningham of Queen's College, Belfast, who presented a part to the library of Queen's College. After his death, the remaining books were sold. On the death of Mrs. Bannerman in 1879, her portion of the library went intact to the New College (of the Free Church) in Edinburgh and the collection was transferred to the University of Edinburgh Main Library in 1972. - Not much is known about Smith's personal views beyond what can be deduced from his published articles. His personal papers were destroyed after his death, per his request.[56] He never married,[58] and seems to have maintained a close relationship with his mother, with whom he lived after his return from France and who died six years before him.[59] - Smith was described by several of his contemporaries and biographers as comically absent-minded, with peculiar habits of speech and gait, and a smile of ""inexpressible benignity"".[60] He was known to talk to himself,[54] a habit that began during his childhood when he would smile in rapt conversation with invisible companions.[61] He also had occasional spells of imaginary illness,[54] and he is reported to have had books and papers placed in tall stacks in his study.[61] According to one story, Smith took Charles Townshend on a tour of a tanning factory, and while discussing free trade, Smith walked into a huge tanning pit from which he needed help to escape.[62] He is also said to have put bread and butter into a teapot, drunk the concoction, and declared it to be the worst cup of tea he ever had. According to another account, Smith distractedly went out walking in his nightgown and ended up 15 miles (24 km) outside of town, before nearby church bells brought him back to reality.[61][62] - James Boswell, who was a student of Smith's at Glasgow University, and later knew him at the Literary Club, says that Smith thought that speaking about his ideas in conversation might reduce the sale of his books, so his conversation was unimpressive. According to Boswell, he once told Sir Joshua Reynolds, that ""he made it a rule when in company never to talk of what he understood"".[63] - Smith has been alternatively described as someone who ""had a large nose, bulging eyes, a protruding lower lip, a nervous twitch, and a speech impediment"" and one whose ""countenance was manly and agreeable"".[23][64] Smith is said to have acknowledged his looks at one point, saying, ""I am a beau in nothing but my books.""[23] Smith rarely sat for portraits,[65] so almost all depictions of him created during his lifetime were drawn from memory. The best-known portraits of Smith are the profile by James Tassie and two etchings by John Kay.[66] The line engravings produced for the covers of 19th-century reprints of The Wealth of Nations were based largely on Tassie's medallion.[67] - Considerable scholarly debate has occurred about the nature of Smith's religious views. His father had shown a strong interest in Christianity and belonged to the moderate wing of the Church of Scotland,[68] and the fact he received the Snell Exhibition suggests that he may have gone to Oxford with the intention of pursuing a career in the Church of England.[69] - Anglo-American economist Ronald Coase has challenged the view that Smith was a deist, based on the fact that Smith's writings never explicitly invoke God as an explanation of the harmonies of the natural or the human worlds.[70] According to Coase, though Smith does sometimes refer to the ""Great Architect of the Universe"", later scholars such as Jacob Viner have ""very much exaggerated the extent to which Adam Smith was committed to a belief in a personal God"",[71] a belief for which Coase finds little evidence in passages such as the one in the Wealth of Nations in which Smith writes that the curiosity of mankind about the ""great phenomena of nature"", such as ""the generation, the life, growth, and dissolution of plants and animals"", has led men to ""enquire into their causes"", and that ""superstition first attempted to satisfy this curiosity, by referring all those wonderful appearances to the immediate agency of the gods. Philosophy afterwards endeavoured to account for them, from more familiar causes, or from such as mankind were better acquainted with than the agency of the gods"".[71] Some authors argue that Smith's social and economic philosophy is inherently theological and that his entire model of social order is logically dependent on the notion of God's action in nature.[72] Brendan Long argues that Smith was a theist,[73] whereas according to professor Gavin Kennedy, Smith was ""in some sense"" a Christian.[74] - Smith was also a close friend of David Hume, who, despite debate about his religious views in modern scholarship, was commonly characterised in his own time as an atheist.[75] The publication in 1777 of Smith's letter to William Strahan, in which he described Hume's courage in the face of death in spite of his irreligiosity, attracted considerable controversy.[76] - In 1759, Smith published his first work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, sold by co-publishers Andrew Millar of London and Alexander Kincaid of Edinburgh.[77] Smith continued making extensive revisions to the book until his death.[e] Although The Wealth of Nations is widely regarded as Smith's most influential work, Smith himself is believed to have considered The Theory of Moral Sentiments to be a superior work.[79] - In the work, Smith critically examines the moral thinking of his time, and suggests that conscience arises from dynamic and interactive social relationships through which people seek ""mutual sympathy of sentiments.""[80] His goal in writing the work was to explain the source of mankind's ability to form moral judgment, given that people begin life with no moral sentiments at all. Smith proposes a theory of sympathy, in which the act of observing others and seeing the judgments they form of both others and oneself makes people aware of themselves and how others perceive their behaviour. The feedback we receive from perceiving (or imagining) others' judgment creates an incentive to achieve ""mutual sympathy of sentiments"" with them and leads people to develop habits, and then principles, of behaviour, which come to constitute one's conscience.[81] - Some scholars have perceived a conflict between The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations; the former emphasises sympathy for others, while the latter focuses on the role of self-interest.[82] In recent years, however, some scholars[83][84][85] of Smith's work have argued that no contradiction exists. They contend that in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith develops a theory of psychology in which individuals seek the approval of the ""impartial spectator"" as a result of a natural desire to have outside observers sympathise with their sentiments. Rather than viewing The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations as presenting incompatible views of human nature, some Smith scholars regard the works as emphasising different aspects of human nature that vary depending on the situation. In the first part – The Theory of Moral Sentiments – he laid down the foundation of his vision of humanity and society. In the second – The Wealth of Nations – he elaborated on the virtue of prudence, which for him meant the relations between people in the private sphere of the economy. It was his plan to further elaborate on the virtue of justice in the third book.[86] Otteson argues that both books are Newtonian in their methodology and deploy a similar ""market model"" for explaining the creation and development of large-scale human social orders, including morality, economics, as well as language.[87] Ekelund and Hebert offer a differing view, observing that self-interest is present in both works and that ""in the former, sympathy is the moral faculty that holds self-interest in check, whereas in the latter, competition is the economic faculty that restrains self-interest.""[88] - Disagreement exists between classical and neoclassical economists about the central message of Smith's most influential work: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). Neoclassical economists emphasise Smith's invisible hand,[89] a concept mentioned in the middle of his work – Book IV, Chapter II – and classical economists believe that Smith stated his programme for promoting the ""wealth of nations"" in the first sentences, which attributes the growth of wealth and prosperity to the division of labour. He elaborated on the virtue of prudence, which for him meant the relations between people in the private sphere of the economy. It was his plan to further elaborate on the virtue of justice in the third book.[86] - Smith used the term ""the invisible hand"" in ""History of Astronomy""[90] referring to ""the invisible hand of Jupiter"", and once in each of his The Theory of Moral Sentiments[91] (1759) and The Wealth of Nations[92] (1776). This last statement about ""an invisible hand"" has been interpreted in numerous ways. - As every individual, therefore, endeavours as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value; every individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good. It is an affectation, indeed, not very common among merchants, and very few words need be employed in dissuading them from it. Those who regard that statement as Smith's central message also quote frequently Smith's dictum:[93] - It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages. However, in The Theory of Moral Sentiments he had a more sceptical approach to self-interest as driver of behaviour: How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortune of others, and render their happiness necessary to him, though he derives nothing from it except the pleasure of seeing it. In relation to Mandeville's contention that ""Private Vices ... may be turned into Public Benefits"",[94] Smith's belief that when an individual pursues his self-interest under conditions of justice, he unintentionally promotes the good of society. Self-interested competition in the free market, he argued, would tend to benefit society as a whole by keeping prices low, while still building in an incentive for a wide variety of goods and services. Nevertheless, he was wary of businessmen and warned of their ""conspiracy against the public or in some other contrivance to raise prices.""[95] Again and again, Smith warned of the collusive nature of business interests, which may form cabals or monopolies, fixing the highest price ""which can be squeezed out of the buyers.""[96] Smith also warned that a business-dominated political system would allow a conspiracy of businesses and industry against consumers, with the former scheming to influence politics and legislation. Smith states that the interest of manufacturers and merchants ""in any particular branch of trade or manufactures, is always in some respects different from, and even opposite to, that of the public ... The proposal of any new law or regulation of commerce which comes from this order, ought always to be listened to with great precaution, and ought never be adopted till after having been long and carefully examined, not only with the most scrupulous, but with the most suspicious attention.""[97] Thus Smith's chief worry seems to be when business is given special protections or privileges from government; by contrast, in the absence of such special political favours, he believed that business activities were generally beneficial to the whole society: - It is the great multiplication of the production of all the different arts, in consequence of the division of labour, which occasions, in a well-governed society, that universal opulence which extends itself to the lowest ranks of the people. Every workman has a great quantity of his own work to dispose of beyond what he himself has occasion for; and every other workman being exactly in the same situation, he is enabled to exchange a great quantity of his own goods for a great quantity, or, what comes to the same thing, for the price of a great quantity of theirs. He supplies them abundantly with what they have occasion for, and they accommodate him as amply with what he has occasion for, and a general plenty diffuses itself through all the different ranks of society. (The Wealth of Nations, I.i.10) The neoclassical interest in Smith's statement about ""an invisible hand"" originates in the possibility of seeing it as a precursor of neoclassical economics and its concept of general equilibrium; Samuelson's ""Economics"" refers six times to Smith's ""invisible hand"". To emphasise this connection, Samuelson[98] quotes Smith's ""invisible hand"" statement substituting ""general interest"" for ""public interest"". Samuelson[99] concludes: ""Smith was unable to prove the essence of his invisible-hand doctrine. Indeed, until the 1940s, no one knew how to prove, even to state properly, the kernel of truth in this proposition about perfectly competitive market."" - Very differently, classical economists see in Smith's first sentences his programme to promote ""The Wealth of Nations"". Using the physiocratical concept of the economy as a circular process, to secure growth the inputs of Period 2 must exceed the inputs of Period 1. Therefore, those outputs of Period 1 which are not used or usable as inputs of Period 2 are regarded as unproductive labour, as they do not contribute to growth. This is what Smith had heard in France from, among others, François Quesnay, whose ideas Smith was so impressed by that he might have dedicated The Wealth of Nations to him had he not died beforehand.[100][101] To this French insight that unproductive labour should be reduced to use labour more productively, Smith added his own proposal, that productive labour should be made even more productive by deepening the division of labour.[102] Smith argued that deepening the division of labour under competition leads to greater productivity, which leads to lower prices and thus an increasing standard of living—""general plenty"" and ""universal opulence""—for all. Extended markets and increased production lead to the continuous reorganisation of production and the invention of new ways of producing, which in turn lead to further increased production, lower prices, and improved standards of living. Smith's central message is, therefore, that under dynamic competition, a growth machine secures ""The Wealth of Nations"". Smith's argument predicted Britain's evolution as the workshop of the world, underselling and outproducing all its competitors. The opening sentences of the ""Wealth of Nations"" summarise this policy: - The annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes ... . [T]his produce ... bears a greater or smaller proportion to the number of those who are to consume it ... .[B]ut this proportion must in every nation be regulated by two different circumstances; - However, Smith added that the ""abundance or scantiness of this supply too seems to depend more upon the former of those two circumstances than upon the latter.""[104] - Shortly before his death, Smith had nearly all his manuscripts destroyed. In his last years, he seemed to have been planning two major treatises, one on the theory and history of law and one on the sciences and arts. The posthumously published Essays on Philosophical Subjects, a history of astronomy down to Smith's own era, plus some thoughts on ancient physics and metaphysics, probably contain parts of what would have been the latter treatise. Lectures on Jurisprudence were notes taken from Smith's early lectures, plus an early draft of The Wealth of Nations, published as part of the 1976 Glasgow Edition of the works and correspondence of Smith. Other works, including some published posthumously, include Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms (1763) (first published in 1896); and Essays on Philosophical Subjects (1795).[105] - The Wealth of Nations was a precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics. In this and other works, Smith expounded how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial in his own day and his general approach and writing style were often satirised by Tory writers in the moralising tradition of Hogarth and Swift, as a discussion at the University of Winchester suggests.[106] In 2005, The Wealth of Nations was named among the 100 Best Scottish Books of all time.[107] - In light of the arguments put forward by Smith and other economic theorists in Britain, academic belief in mercantilism began to decline in Britain in the late 18th century. During the Industrial Revolution, Britain embraced free trade and Smith's laissez-faire economics, and via the British Empire, used its power to spread a broadly liberal economic model around the world, characterised by open markets, and relatively barrier-free domestic and international trade.[108] - George Stigler attributes to Smith ""the most important substantive proposition in all of economics"". It is that, under competition, owners of resources (for example labour, land, and capital) will use them most profitably, resulting in an equal rate of return in equilibrium for all uses, adjusted for apparent differences arising from such factors as training, trust, hardship, and unemployment.[109] - Paul Samuelson finds in Smith's pluralist use of supply and demand as applied to wages, rents, and profit a valid and valuable anticipation of the general equilibrium modelling of Walras a century later. Smith's allowance for wage increases in the short and intermediate term from capital accumulation and invention contrasted with Malthus, Ricardo, and Karl Marx in their propounding a rigid subsistence–wage theory of labour supply.[110] - Joseph Schumpeter criticised Smith for a lack of technical rigour, yet he argued that this enabled Smith's writings to appeal to wider audiences: ""His very limitation made for success. Had he been more brilliant, he would not have been taken so seriously. Had he dug more deeply, had he unearthed more recondite truth, had he used more difficult and ingenious methods, he would not have been understood. But he had no such ambitions; in fact he disliked whatever went beyond plain common sense. He never moved above the heads of even the dullest readers. He led them on gently, encouraging them by trivialities and homely observations, making them feel comfortable all along.""[111] - Classical economists presented competing theories to those of Smith, termed the ""labour theory of value"". Later Marxian economics descending from classical economics also use Smith's labour theories, in part. The first volume of Karl Marx's major work, Das Kapital, was published in German in 1867. In it, Marx focused on the labour theory of value and what he considered to be the exploitation of labour by capital.[112][113] The labour theory of value held that the value of a thing was determined by the labour that went into its production. This contrasts with the modern contention of neoclassical economics, that the value of a thing is determined by what one is willing to give up to obtain the thing. - The body of theory later termed ""neoclassical economics"" or ""marginalism"" formed from about 1870 to 1910. The term ""economics"" was popularised by such neoclassical economists as Alfred Marshall as a concise synonym for ""economic science"" and a substitute for the earlier, broader term ""political economy"" used by Smith.[114][115] This corresponded to the influence on the subject of mathematical methods used in the natural sciences.[116] Neoclassical economics systematised supply and demand as joint determinants of price and quantity in market equilibrium, affecting both the allocation of output and the distribution of income. It dispensed with the labour theory of value of which Smith was most famously identified with in classical economics, in favour of a marginal utility theory of value on the demand side and a more general theory of costs on the supply side.[117] - The bicentennial anniversary of the publication of The Wealth of Nations was celebrated in 1976, resulting in increased interest for The Theory of Moral Sentiments and his other works throughout academia. After 1976, Smith was more likely to be represented as the author of both The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments, and thereby as the founder of a moral philosophy and the science of economics. His homo economicus or ""economic man"" was also more often represented as a moral person. Additionally, economists David Levy and Sandra Peart in ""The Secret History of the Dismal Science"" point to his opposition to hierarchy and beliefs in inequality, including racial inequality, and provide additional support for those who point to Smith's opposition to slavery, colonialism, and empire. Emphasised also are Smith's statements of the need for high wages for the poor, and the efforts to keep wages low. In The ""Vanity of the Philosopher: From Equality to Hierarchy in Postclassical Economics"", Peart and Levy also cite Smith's view that a common street porter was not intellectually inferior to a philosopher,[118] and point to the need for greater appreciation of the public views in discussions of science and other subjects now considered to be technical. They also cite Smith's opposition to the often expressed view that science is superior to common sense.[119] - Smith also explained the relationship between growth of private property and civil government: - Men may live together in society with some tolerable degree of security, though there is no civil magistrate to protect them from the injustice of those passions. But avarice and ambition in the rich, in the poor the hatred of labour and the love of present ease and enjoyment, are the passions which prompt to invade property, passions much more steady in their operation, and much more universal in their influence. Wherever there is great property there is great inequality. For one very rich man there must be at least five hundred poor, and the affluence of the few supposes the indigence of the many. The affluence of the rich excites the indignation of the poor, who are often both driven by want, and prompted by envy, to invade his possessions. It is only under the shelter of the civil magistrate that the owner of that valuable property, which is acquired by the labour of many years, or perhaps of many successive generations, can sleep a single night in security. He is at all times surrounded by unknown enemies, whom, though he never provoked, he can never appease, and from whose injustice he can be protected only by the powerful arm of the civil magistrate continually held up to chastise it. The acquisition of valuable and extensive property, therefore, necessarily requires the establishment of civil government. Where there is no property, or at least none that exceeds the value of two or three days' labour, civil government is not so necessary. Civil government supposes a certain subordination. But as the necessity of civil government gradually grows up with the acquisition of valuable property, so the principal causes which naturally introduce subordination gradually grow up with the growth of that valuable property. (...) Men of inferior wealth combine to defend those of superior wealth in the possession of their property, in order that men of superior wealth may combine to defend them in the possession of theirs. All the inferior shepherds and herdsmen feel that the security of their own herds and flocks depends upon the security of those of the great shepherd or herdsman; that the maintenance of their lesser authority depends upon that of his greater authority, and that upon their subordination to him depends his power of keeping their inferiors in subordination to them. They constitute a sort of little nobility, who feel themselves interested to defend the property and to support the authority of their own little sovereign in order that he may be able to defend their property and to support their authority. Civil government, so far as it is instituted for the security of property, is in reality instituted for the defence of the rich against the poor, or of those who have some property against those who have none at all.[120] Smith opposed empire. He challenged ideas that colonies were key to British prosperity and power. He rejected that other cultures, such as China and India, were culturally and developmentally inferior to Europe. While he favoured ""commercial society"", he did not support radical social change and the imposition of commercial society on other societies. He proposed that colonies be given independence or that full political rights be extended to colonial subjects.[121] - Smith's chapter on colonies, in turn, would help shape British imperial debates from the mid-19th century onward. The Wealth of Nations would become an ambiguous text regarding the imperial question. In his chapter on colonies, Smith pondered how to solve the crisis developing across the Atlantic among the empire's 13 American colonies. He offered two different proposals for easing tensions. The first proposal called for giving the colonies their independence, and by thus parting on a friendly basis, Britain would be able to develop and maintain a free-trade relationship with them, and possibly even an informal military alliance. Smith's second proposal called for a theoretical imperial federation that would bring the colonies and the metropole closer together through an imperial parliamentary system and imperial free trade.[122] - Smith's most prominent disciple in 19th-century Britain, peace advocate Richard Cobden, preferred the first proposal. Cobden would lead the Anti-Corn Law League in overturning the Corn Laws in 1846, shifting Britain to a policy of free trade and empire ""on the cheap"" for decades to come. This hands-off approach toward the British Empire would become known as Cobdenism or the Manchester School.[123] By the turn of the century, however, advocates of Smith's second proposal such as Joseph Shield Nicholson would become ever more vocal in opposing Cobdenism, calling instead for imperial federation.[124] As Marc-William Palen notes: ""On the one hand, Adam Smith's late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Cobdenite adherents used his theories to argue for gradual imperial devolution and empire 'on the cheap'. On the other, various proponents of imperial federation throughout the British World sought to use Smith's theories to overturn the predominant Cobdenite hands-off imperial approach and instead, with a firm grip, bring the empire closer than ever before.""[125] Smith's ideas thus played an important part in subsequent debates over the British Empire. - Smith has been commemorated in the UK on banknotes printed by two different banks; his portrait has appeared since 1981 on the £50 notes issued by the Clydesdale Bank in Scotland,[126][127] and in March 2007 Smith's image also appeared on the new series of £20 notes issued by the Bank of England, making him the first Scotsman to feature on an English banknote.[128] - A large-scale memorial of Smith by Alexander Stoddart was unveiled on 4 July 2008 in Edinburgh. It is a 10-foot (3.0 m)-tall bronze sculpture and it stands above the Royal Mile outside St Giles' Cathedral in Parliament Square, near the Mercat cross.[129] 20th-century sculptor Jim Sanborn (best known for the Kryptos sculpture at the United States Central Intelligence Agency) has created multiple pieces which feature Smith's work. At Central Connecticut State University is Circulating Capital, a tall cylinder which features an extract from The Wealth of Nations on the lower half, and on the upper half, some of the same text, but represented in binary code.[130] At the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, outside the Belk College of Business Administration, is Adam Smith's Spinning Top.[131][132] Another Smith sculpture is at Cleveland State University.[133] He also appears as the narrator in the 2013 play The Low Road, centred on a proponent on laissez-faire economics in the late 18th century, but dealing obliquely with the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the recession which followed; in the premiere production, he was portrayed by Bill Paterson. - A bust of Smith is in the Hall of Heroes of the National Wallace Monument in Stirling. - Adam Smith resided at Panmure House from 1778 to 1790. This residence has now been purchased by the Edinburgh Business School at Heriot-Watt University and fundraising has begun to restore it.[134][135] Part of the Northern end of the original building appears to have been demolished in the 19th century to make way for an iron foundry. - Smith has been celebrated by advocates of free-market policies as the founder of free-market economics, a view reflected in the naming of bodies such as the Adam Smith Institute in London, multiple entities known as the ""Adam Smith Society"", including an historical Italian organisation,[136] and the U.S.-based Adam Smith Society,[137][138] and the Australian Adam Smith Club,[139] and in terms such as the Adam Smith necktie.[140] - Former US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan argues that, while Smith did not coin the term laissez-faire, ""it was left to Adam Smith to identify the more-general set of principles that brought conceptual clarity to the seeming chaos of market transactions."" Greenspan continues that The Wealth of Nations was ""one of the great achievements in human intellectual history.""[141] P.J. O'Rourke describes Smith as the ""founder of free market economics.""[142] - Nobel laureate economist Milton Friedman believed in 1976, 200 years after the publishing of The Wealth of Nations, that the work of Adam Smith was, ""...far more immediately relevant today than he was at the Centennial of The Wealth of Nations in 1876.""[143] - Other writers have argued that Smith's support for laissez-faire (which in French means leave alone) has been overstated. Herbert Stein wrote that the people who ""wear an Adam Smith necktie"" do it to ""make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government"", and that this misrepresents Smith's ideas. Stein writes that Smith ""was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism...yet he was prepared to accept or propose qualifications to that policy in the specific cases where he judged that their net effect would be beneficial and would not undermine the basically free character of the system. He did not wear the Adam Smith necktie."" In Stein's reading, The Wealth of Nations could justify the Food and Drug Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, mandatory employer health benefits, environmentalism, and ""discriminatory taxation to deter improper or luxurious behavior"".[144] - Similarly, Vivienne Brown stated in The Economic Journal that in the 20th-century United States, Reaganomics supporters, The Wall Street Journal, and other similar sources have spread among the general public a partial and misleading vision of Smith, portraying him as an ""extreme dogmatic defender of laissez-faire capitalism and supply-side economics"".[145] In fact, The Wealth of Nations includes the following statement on the payment of taxes: - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.[146] Some commentators have argued that Smith's works show support for a progressive, not flat, income tax and that he specifically named taxes that he thought should be required by the state, among them luxury-goods taxes and tax on rent.[147] Yet Smith argued for the ""impossibility of taxing the people, in proportion to their economic revenue, by any capitation"".[148] Smith argued that taxes should principally go toward protecting ""justice"" and ""certain publick institutions"" that were necessary for the benefit of all of society, but that could not be provided by private enterprise.[149] - Additionally, Smith outlined the proper expenses of the government in The Wealth of Nations, Book V, Ch. I. Included in his requirements of a government is to enforce contracts and provide justice system, grant patents and copy rights, provide public goods such as infrastructure, provide national defence, and regulate banking. The role of the government was to provide goods ""of such a nature that the profit could never repay the expense to any individual"" such as roads, bridges, canals, and harbours. He also encouraged invention and new ideas through his patent enforcement and support of infant industry monopolies. He supported partial public subsidies for elementary education, and he believed that competition among religious institutions would provide general benefit to the society. In such cases, however, Smith argued for local rather than centralised control: ""Even those publick works which are of such a nature that they cannot afford any revenue for maintaining themselves ... are always better maintained by a local or provincial revenue, under the management of a local and provincial administration, than by the general revenue of the state"" (Wealth of Nations, V.i.d.18). Finally, he outlined how the government should support the dignity of the monarch or chief magistrate, such that they are equal or above the public in fashion. He even states that monarchs should be provided for in a greater fashion than magistrates of a republic because ""we naturally expect more splendor in the court of a king than in the mansion-house of a doge"".[150] In addition, he allowed that in some specific circumstances, retaliatory tariffs may be beneficial: - The recovery of a great foreign market will generally more than compensate the transitory inconvenience of paying dearer during a short time for some sorts of goods.[151] However, he added that in general, a retaliatory tariff ""seems a bad method of compensating the injury done to certain classes of our people, to do another injury ourselves, not only to those classes, but to almost all the other classes of them"".[152] - Economic historians such as Jacob Viner regard Smith as a strong advocate of free markets and limited government (what Smith called ""natural liberty""), but not as a dogmatic supporter of laissez-faire.[153] - Economist Daniel Klein believes using the term ""free-market economics"" or ""free-market economist"" to identify the ideas of Smith is too general and slightly misleading. Klein offers six characteristics central to the identity of Smith's economic thought and argues that a new name is needed to give a more accurate depiction of the ""Smithian"" identity.[154][155] Economist David Ricardo set straight some of the misunderstandings about Smith's thoughts on free market. Many continue to fall victim to the thinking that Smith was a free-market economist without exception, though he was not. Ricardo pointed out that Smith was in support of helping infant industries. Smith believed that the government should subsidise newly formed industry, but he did fear that when the infant industry grew into adulthood, it would be unwilling to surrender the government help.[156] Smith also supported tariffs on imported goods to counteract an internal tax on the same good. Smith also fell to pressure in supporting some tariffs in support for national defence.[156] - Some have also claimed, Emma Rothschild among them, that Smith would have supported a minimum wage,[157] although no direct textual evidence supports the claim. Indeed, Smith wrote: - The price of labour, it must be observed, cannot be ascertained very accurately anywhere, different prices being often paid at the same place and for the same sort of labour, not only according to the different abilities of the workmen, but according to the easiness or hardness of the masters. Where wages are not regulated by law, all that we can pretend to determine is what are the most usual; and experience seems to show that law can never regulate them properly, though it has often pretended to do so. (The Wealth of Nations, Book 1, Chapter 8) However, Smith also noted, to the contrary, the existence of an imbalanced, inequality of bargaining power:[158] - A landlord, a farmer, a master manufacturer, a merchant, though they did not employ a single workman, could generally live a year or two upon the stocks which they have already acquired. Many workmen could not subsist a week, few could subsist a month, and scarce any a year without employment. In the long run, the workman may be as necessary to his master as his master is to him, but the necessity is not so immediate.",2023-08-26 18:13:25 -Heavy Brigade - Wikipedia," -A heavy brigade is a formation made up from 'Heavy' Cavalry; i.e. Dragoon Guards and Dragoons. - The Heavy Brigade was a British heavy cavalry unit commanded by General Sir James York Scarlett at the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War. The Brigade made a gallant uphill charge to defeat a superior force of onrushing Russian cavalry, an amazing instance of the triumph of the individual skill of the Victorian British soldier, as well as of British discipline and unit cohesion. - At the Battle of Balaclava the brigade was composed of 2 squadrons each of the 1st Dragoons (The Royals), the 2nd Dragoons (Scots Greys), the 4th Dragoon Guards (Royal Irish), the 5th Dragoon Guards (Princess Charlotte of Wales's), and the 6th Dragoons (Inniskilling).[1] - Heavy Brigade Combat Team - - This article about a specific British military unit is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:29 -Malagò - Wikipedia,"Malagò is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:13:32 -Chaura Rajputtan - Wikipedia,"Chauran Adda Rajputtan is a village located 9 km from Muridke, Pakistan. It was established in 1976 by a family named Agha. Currently, more than 80 families live in the hamlet. - The area is politically active, and tends to support the Pakistan Tehreek -e-insaf. Economic activity has increased in Chaura Rajputtan since the opening of a large branch of MCB bank. -  WikiMiniAtlas31°51′46″N 74°18′19″E / 31.8628062°N 74.3052364°E / 31.8628062; 74.3052364 - - This article about a location in Sheikhupura District, Punjab, Pakistan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:35 -Richard Champernowne - Wikipedia," -Richard Champernowne (or Champernown, c.1558 Modbury, Devon - 1622)[1] was an MP in Cornwall, representing West Looe constituency. He was elected in the 1586 United Kingdom general election but did not return to Parliament after the next election.[2][3] - - This article about a 16th-century Member of the Parliament of England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Cornwall article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:39 -Inni í Dal - Wikipedia,"Inni í Dal, roughly translated to ""In the Valley"", is a location on the island of Sandoy, The Faroe Islands. Inni í Dal is the home ground of local football team B71, but also the location the joint public secondary school of Sandoy, Sandoyar Meginskúli.[1] - Since the municipalities on the island of Sandoy had begun construction of a new public school for the whole island and newly founded B71 needed a football-pitch, it seemed almost natural that the building of the school and football pitch would coincide. Both were constructed and ready for use in 1971. - There is somewhat of a unique link between school and team on Sandoy. Nowhere else on The Faroe Islands does a school share in the expenses of the local football-team, lease property out for free, while at the same time not sharing in the financial profits. -Nonetheless, this has been the case since the founding of both school and team and there is a standing agreement that B71 uses both ground, changing-rooms and other facilities for free. - Although not remarkable, there have been some adding-ons to the B71 facilities. - The completion of the 300-seat area in 2010 meant that one of the mandatory requirements set by UEFA had been met. The mandatory requirement for the next season was the complete renovation of the aging football pitch and other minor modifications to the ground, should B71 wish to play in the top league in 2011. Another mandatory requirement was subsequently met, when the artificial turf on the football pitch was replaced in time for the 2011 season. - Also in 2011, work started on building the new indoor sports hall, which was ready to use in November 2012.[2] - The Sandoyartunnilin under construction from Gamlarætt on Streymoy emerges at Traðardalur, near the Inni í Dal stadium.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:13:43 -Clients (album) - Wikipedia,"Clients is the second studio album by American heavy metal band The Red Chord. It was released on May 17, 2005 via Metal Blade Records. - The title of the album was originally derived from an in-joke and story between Guy Kozowyk's family and friends, referring to the mentally disabled students for whom a member of Kozowyk's family drove a bus. This term eventually spread out to mean anybody for whom one provided service. The title reflects the songs, as the songs are stories from and about ""clients"", or mentally disabled people, with whom Kozowyk has had experience working in a convenience store located next to a psychiatric rehabilitation/hospital. - Each song is a different ""client"", or a different person with a mental ailment, ranging from schizophrenia, to multiple personality disorder, to extreme obsessive compulsive disorder. The song ""Black Santa"" would best describe the album and its meanings, as it actually depicts everything that is used as an inspiration in the album: Kozowyk's job, the people he encountered, the stories he heard, and the notion that everybody both has and is a ""client"", meaning everybody works for somebody, and that everybody is not entirely mentally stable. - The Red Chord released four music videos and singles from Clients. ""Antman"", the first single, was directed by David Brodsky of My Good Eye and notably features live ants crawling on Greg Weeks, the band's bassist. It had the honor of being the most played video on MTV2's Headbangers Ball in 2005. ""Blue Line Cretin"" was directed by acclaimed artist Paul Romano (who designed the ""Clients"" CD graphics). ""Black Santa"", again directed by David Brodsky, was shot on location at the notorious Manhattan nightclub, Crobar. The claymation ""battle"" between the Antman and Black Santa characters was executed by Randy Gordon-Gatica and conceived of by Guy, Randy and Brodsky. It was nominated for Best Video of 2006 on MTV2's Headbangers Ball. ""Fixation on Plastics"" was also shot as a video and is a performance-only video. - All tracks are written by The Red Chord -",2023-08-26 18:13:47 -Shifana Ali - Wikipedia," - Shifana Ali (born 6 June 1984) is a Maldivian sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics.[1] - - This biographical article relating to Maldivian athletics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:50 -Catherine Masud - Wikipedia," - Catherine Masud (Bengali: ক্যাথরিন মাসুদ) is an American-born filmmaker, residing in Bangladesh from 1995–2015. She now lives in the United States. She has collaborated with her husband & filmmaking partner Tareque Masud to make numerous shorts, documentaries and features, many of which have been nationally/internationally awarded and shown around the world. Since Tareque's untimely death in August 2011, Catherine has devoted herself to the archiving and preservation of his work, and the completion of their unfinished oeuvre. - A graduate of Brown University, she also studied fine arts at the Art Institute of Chicago, and film production in New York. Among many other films, she produced and co-wrote the acclaimed feature Matir Moyna (The Clay Bird), directed by Tareque, which won the International Critics' Prize at Cannes. Thematically many of their films address the relationship between religious and cultural identity in the context of South Asia. She edits all of her films and has taught numerous courses and workshops on various aspects of cinema at universities and training institutes. More recently she has served as an adviser to the Bangladesh National Film Archives and the National Film and Television Institute (under development), and is a founding member of the South Asian Children's Cinema Forum, a regional body for the promotion of children's cinema.[2] - Since the death of Tareque Masud, Catherine Masud has worked on rereleasing all of their older films on DVD, as well as editing a book on his life.[3] She has curated more than 100 film screenings in 35 different venues around the country in collaboration with local community groups, student organizations and film societies in continuation of Tareque Masud's philosophy of 'total filmmaking' activist engagement with audience. She has published two books on Tareque Masud, and is working on two more in works: a collection of screenplays, and selected interviews (in collaboration with Dept. of Media Studies at University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh). She has successfully lobbied the Bangladesh government to institute reforms to film industry, which led to declaration of film as an official ""Industry"" and lifting of excessive taxation and introduction of tax holiday for new theaters. She chairs the Tareque Masud Memorial Trust. - She was born Catherine Lucretia Shapere in Chicago in 1963. Catherine graduated from Brown University, with a degree in economics. In late 1980s, she met Tareque Masud and they married in 1988. Since 1995, she has been living and working in Dhaka, Bangladesh. She and her husband have one child, Nishad Bingham Putra Masud.[4] She was widowed by a road accident on August 13, 2011.[5] - - This Bangladeshi biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:54 -Northeast Electric Power University - Wikipedia,"Northeast Electric Power University (NEEPU; Chinese: 东北电力大学; pinyin: Dōngběi Diànlì Dàxué) is a university in Jilin City, Jilin Province, China. It was formed in 1949 in Changchun and was moved to Jilin in 1955. It focuses on engineering and has about 19,000 full-time students. - In 1949, NEEPU was founded in Changchun, it grew out of Changchun Electrical Machinery Advanced Professional School, which was the first school of Electrical Engineering set up by the new Republic of China. - In 1955, NEEPU moved to Jilin from Changchun. - In 1958, NEEPU became an undergraduate institute of higher learning, named Jilin Electric Power Institute. - In 1978, its name was changed to Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineering. Originally, the university had been under leadership of Ministry of Electric Power of the People's Republic of China. - From 2000, NEEPU has been under the management model of joint-building by the central and local governments. - Approved by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in December 2005, its name was changed to Northeast Dianli University. - In 2016, the university changed its English name to Northeast Electric Power University. - - - - This article on a university, college or other tertiary educational institution in China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:13:57 -Imamichi - Wikipedia,"Imamichi (written: 今道) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:14:00 -Paul Overton - Wikipedia," - Paul Henry Overton (born 18 April 1961) is a former English footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Ipswich Town. - Overton began his career in the youth set-up at Ipswich Town.[1] On 28 April 1978, Overton made his debut for Ipswich in a 6–1 defeat away to Aston Villa, a week before Ipswich's FA Cup final victory against Arsenal. Overton's inclusion in the starting XI came after first choice goalkeeper Paul Cooper failed a fitness test due to a back injury, not wanting to risk aggravating it before Ipswich's maiden FA Cup final appearance. Ipswich manager Bobby Robson singled out Overton as the best player in Ipswich's 6–1 defeat.[2][3] Following his departure from Ipswich in 1979, Overton joined Peterborough United and Northampton Town for a season each.[1] - Overton later dropped down into Non-League football, playing for Histon, Cambridge United, Chatteris Town and hometown club Soham Town Rangers in the Eastern Counties League.[4] Overton later managed Soham's reserves, before leaving the role in 2010.[5] - - This biographical article related to association football in England, about a goalkeeper, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:03 -1916 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team - Wikipedia," - The 1916 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1916 college football season, led by fourth-year head coach Jesse Harper. The Irish won all but one of their nine games, falling at Army 10–30;[1] the season concluded on Thanksgiving with a 20–0 shutout at Nebraska.[2] George Gipp made a 62-yard field goal against Western Reserve. - [3] - - This college football 1916 season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a sports team in Indiana is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:07 -Badachyovo - Wikipedia," WikiMiniAtlas58°42′N 37°12′E / 58.700°N 37.200°E / 58.700; 37.200 - Badachyovo (Russian: Бадачёво) is a village in Vesyegonsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia.[1] - - This Tver Oblast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:11 -Infanta Margarita in a White and Silver Dress - Wikipedia,"Infanta Margarita in a White and Silver Dress or Infanta Margarita in a White Dress is a 1656 painting by Diego Velázquez, one of his five portraits of Margaret Theresa of Spain. - It is one of the painter's last works – Martin Warnke argues that it was painted slightly after Las Meninas, which shows Margaret Theresa in a similar white dress.[1] It was one of the paintings sent to Vienna for Leopold I, Margarita's future husband and future Holy Roman Emperor. It thus now hangs in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. - This article about a seventeenth-century painting is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:15 -Yellowstone Club - Wikipedia,"The Yellowstone Club is a private residential club, ski resort, and golf resort located in Madison County, just west of Big Sky, Montana. It is rated among the top 10 lifestyle estates in the world.[1][2] - Real estate developer Tim Blixseth purchased approximately 100,000 acres (400 sq km) of timberland, partly in purchases from Plum Creek Timber and engaged in swaps of land with the U.S. Forest Service and the Federal Government (""Gallatin Land Exchanges"").[3] This land swap process was enabled by two specialized acts of Congress in the 1990s.[4] Blixseth ultimately ended up with a large amount of developable land adjacent to the Big Sky Resort in Montana.[5] The Yellowstone Club private ski and golf community was developed by Blixseth and used as collateral for a $375 million syndicated loan where the proceeds were used for other purposes, including an effort to build an exclusive luxury vacation club based on acquiring resort properties around the world. This venture failed, Mr. Blixseth and his wife divorced and the Yellowstone Club entered bankruptcy in November 2008.[5] - During its peak season, almost 650 people are employed at the club.[6] - The club was featured on CNBC's lifestyle show High Net Worth with Tyler Mathisen. - Cyclist Greg LeMond, an early investor and homeowner/member, sued the club in 2006, saying club founder Tim Blixseth and his former wife Edra Denise (Crocker) Blixseth had borrowed $375 million from Credit Suisse Group and took $209 million for themselves as a dividend, jilting him and other investors. The suit was settled in 2008 for $39.5 million.[7] Ms. Blixseth eventually agreed to pay Mr. LeMond and others a $21.5 million settlement; she paid only $8 million of that amount and Mr. LeMond and others joined the group of her creditors in her personal bankruptcy.[8] - Other members identified in, or cited in, the Times report were Burt Sugarman, a Beverly Hills businessman, and his wife, the Entertainment Tonight host Mary Hart; Steve Burke, the chief operating officer of Comcast; Bill Frist, the former Senate majority leader; Todd Thomson, the former head of Citigroup’s private banking unit; Robert Greenhill, founder of the investment bank Greenhill & Company; Annika Sörenstam, the Swedish golf star; Frank McCourt, the former owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers; Jim Davidson, a founder of Silver Lake Partners, a private equity firm in Menlo Park, California; Brian Klein, a former Goldman Sachs vice president who now runs an investment management firm in Seattle; Peter Chernin of the News Corporation; Barry Sternlicht, hotelier and CEO of Starwood Capital Group; and Gary Riesche], a venture capitalist with Qiming Venture Partners. Jack Kemp, the late U.S. politician, was on the club’s honorary board of directors with Mr. Quayle, among others. - The Yellowstone Club is one of several developments that has been the subject of litigation between investors and Credit Suisse. The investors have accused Credit Suisse of fraudulently inflating the value of the developments in order to generate higher fees for itself.[9] - On November 10, 2008, in the midst of the Great Recession, the Yellowstone Club filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. It emerged from protection under new ownership on July 19, 2009.[10] When filing, the Club's prior owners owed US$343 million to creditors.[11] - In June 2009 Edra Blixseth spoke to a reporter for The New York Times about her and her ex-husband's business affairs from Porcupine Creek, her 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) estate in Rancho Mirage, California. She said she had hoped to retain the Club and her various estates and make Porcupine Creek income-producing with its 240-acre (0.97 km2) private golf course. However, Porcupine Creek was sold to Larry Ellison in 2011 for $42.9 million by creditors who also sold the Blixseth's Chateau de Farcheville in France and other assets.[12] - In June 2009, as part of the bankruptcy resolution, the Yellowstone Club was sold for $115 million to a private equity firm, CrossHarbor Capital Partners, a firm led by a Yellowstone Club member, Sam Byrne.[5] Prior to the bankruptcy and disclosure of the Credit Suisse-Blixseth loan details, negotiations with that same buyer had put a $400 million price tag on the club. In the 2009 bankruptcy transaction, Byrne also ""invested $75 million above the purchase price in repairs and set aside an additional $15 million to pay the club’s creditors,"" according to the Times.[8] The deal was brokered by Jeff Woolson, Managing Director of the CBRE Golf & Resort Properties Group,[13] and Steve Lehr, Managing Director of CBRE's Land Services Group. CB Richard Ellis was selected by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court to market the property because of the firm's successful track record handling complicated transactions. - In November 2010 some parts of the bankruptcy reorganization were appealed[14] by former owner Tim Blixseth, particularly those concerning the settlement with Credit Suisse and aspects of the bankruptcy allowing creditors to pursue Blixseth for ""hundreds of millions"" they claim he siphoned from the Club for his personal use.[15] In 2012 Blixseth's appeals were dismissed by the U.S. Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit.[16] - According to press reports, as of late 2014 the Yellowstone Club had no remaining debt from the bankruptcy, had positive cash flow, and had doubled its membership to more than 500 households.[5] In late 2013 CrossHarbor partnered with Boyne Resorts, the owners of neighboring Big Sky Resort, and paid $26 million to acquire a nearby real estate project, Spanish Peaks, a 5,700 acre development in bankruptcy. Shortly thereafter CrossHarbor and Big Sky Resort jointly acquired the bankrupt Moonlight Basin ski club and began consolidation of the newly acquired ski terrain with that of Big Sky Resort.[5][17] Hart Howerton is working with CrossHarbor on the master planning of their entire 25,000 acre landholding, as well as architectural design of the Yellowstone Club Village Core and Spanish Peaks Lodge. - Most of the ski runs are on Pioneer Mountain ( WikiMiniAtlas45°13′52.98″N 111°27′4.52″W / 45.2313833°N 111.4512556°W / 45.2313833; -111.4512556). Pioneer Mountain has a summit elevation of 9,859 feet (3,005 m). - The Yellowstone Club resort has several lifts and ski runs that tie it directly into Big Sky Resort's lift system. The Big Sky ski area and the Yellowstone Club share a five-mile border. The ski resorts are surrounded by 250,000 acres of the Gallatin National Forest.[5] - Snowfall averages approximately 300 inches a year and is very consistent from year to year and week to week. Although it is one of the few western ski resorts located east of the continental divide, the area receives consistent light snows. The club's tagline is ""Private Powder"" and this is made possible by frequent snows and low skier traffic. - The ski terrain is extensive and varied and compares favorably with other well known ski resorts. Pioneer Ridge has numerous ""double black"" expert runs and challenging chutes. The west side of Pioneer Mountain is a vast forest for tree skiing. Lower Pioneer Mountain and Andesite Mountain are dotted with high speed chairlifts and mainly intermediate ski runs. The mountain has 2200 acres for skiing. - The club also features cross country skiing, ice skating and numerous indoor activities. Many additional recreational opportunities are available in summer including golf, climbing, mountain biking, kayaking, and fly fishing. -",2023-08-26 18:14:19 -Stop Line 3 protests - Wikipedia,"Al Monaco (Enbridge CEO) - The Stop Line 3 protests are an ongoing series of demonstrations in the U.S. state of Minnesota against the expansion of Enbridge's Line 3 oil pipeline along a new route. Indigenous people have led the resistance to the construction of the pipeline, which began following the project's approval in November 2020. Opponents of the pipeline expansion, called water protectors, have established ceremonial lodges and resistance camps along the route of the pipeline. Enbridge has funded an escrow account that law enforcement agencies may draw on for pipeline-related police work. Organizers have arranged marches and occupations of Enbridge construction sites. Following the blockade of an Enbridge pump station on June 7, 2021, nearly 250 people were arrested. Invoking treaty rights, organizers established an encampment at the headwaters of the Mississippi River at a site where Enbridge intends to bury the pipeline. - The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes treaties as the ""supreme Law of the Land"".[5] Treaties between Anishinaabe bands and the United States government guaranteed certain treaty rights for their members, namely the rights to harvest wild rice, fish, hunt, and gather medicinal plants on ceded lands.[6][7] These rights were upheld in the U.S. Supreme Court case Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians.[8] - Both the existing Line 3 pipeline and the proposed expansion cross lands ceded in treaties.[9] In the 1854 Treaty of La Pointe, the Ojibwe Bands of Lake Superior and the Mississippi River ceded lands in the Arrowhead Region while retaining hunting, fishing and gathering rights. In the 1855 Treaty of Washington, two Ojibwa bands ceded land but retained their usufructuary rights. Additional tribal lands were ceded in the 1863 Treaty of Old Crossing, though the rights to hunt, fish and gather were retained.[10] - Enbridge is a Canadian corporation that maintains vast pipeline networks in the United States. The Enbridge Line 5 pipeline, which was responsible for the 2010 Kalamazoo River oil spill, had its 1953 easement revoked by Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer in November 2020 due to concerns over the potential impact of a spill to the Great Lakes.[11][12][13] - The Line 3 pipeline was built by the Lakehead Pipeline Company (now Enbridge) in the 1960s. It was the source of the Line 3 oil spill in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, the worst inland oil spill in U.S. history, which spilled 1.7 million gallons of crude into a tributary of the Mississippi River.[14] It was also the source of the second worst oil spill in Minnesota history, when 1.3 million gallons of crude spilled near Argyle, Minnesota.[15] - Deterioration of the existing Line 3 pipeline has resulted in structural deformities that have rendered the pipeline prone to recurring leaks and oil spills.[16] As a preventative measure in 2008, Enbridge halved the capacity of the pipeline to 390,000 barrels per day.[17] - During the 2010s in the United States, grassroots campaigns against proposed pipelines received widespread media attention. An Indigenous-led campaign against the Dakota Access Pipeline centered at the Standing Rock Indian Reservation evolved from a small protest camp to spark an international movement against pipeline projects.[18] Following resistance to the proposed Sandpiper pipeline, which would have passed through Mississippi River headwaters and wild rice habitat in Minnesota, Enbridge cancelled the project, withdrawing its application in 2016.[19] - Following years of opposition to the Keystone XL pipeline,[20] the Biden administration revoked its permit in January 2021.[21] - In 2015, Enbridge announced that it sought to increase the capacity of its pipeline network by rerouting Line 3 through a newly constructed, larger pipeline along a different, existing utility corridor.[17] The new, 36"" wide, 340-mile[17] pipeline section is being constructed along a route through the watersheds and ancestral Anishinaabe tribal lands in northern Minnesota, passing between the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, the Red Lake Indian Reservation, and the White Earth Indian Reservation. Enbridge anticipates the completed $7.3 billion pipeline expansion[22] will transport around 760,000 barrels of tar sands oil per day.[17] - Principal among the environmental concerns over the pipeline is the possibility of an oil spill. The route of the new pipeline runs through ""some of the most pristine woods and wetlands in North America"",[23] crossing over 200 bodies of water, including the headwaters of the Mississippi River, lakes, streams, and wetlands. The route proposed by Enbridge passes over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of water in treaty-protected lands that support wild rice habitat.[9] - Tar sands oil, heavier than regular crude, is among the world's most carbon-intensive fossil fuels.[24] Enbridge's environmental impact statement for Line 3 states that the environmental impact of the oil carried by the pipeline will be equivalent to the emissions of 45 coal-fired power stations when burned, with some 200 million tons of greenhouse gases released every year.[17] - In the years before the approval of the project, pipeline opponents raised concerns that increased sex trafficking along the pipeline's new route would add to the crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women.[25][26] Minnesotans living in areas where Enbridge is constructing the pipeline expansion have voiced concerns about the effect of ""man camps"" that house temporary workers.[27] The arrival of highly paid, out-of-state men employed by infrastructure companies such as Enbridge often precipitates rises in crime, particularly prostitution, human trafficking, and drug trafficking.[28][29] Enbridge denied it was a problem, saying that the company ""absolutely rejects the allegation that human trafficking will increase in Minnesota as a result of the Line 3 replacement project.""[25] - Two contractors employed by Enbridge were arrested during a sex trafficking sting in Itasca County, Minnesota in February 2021.[30][31] In March 2021 it was reported that a Thief River Falls nonprofit shelter had been providing services for multiple women who alleged they were assaulted by Enbridge employees. Staff of the shelter also reported instances of their daughters being sexually harassed near an Enbridge camp.[27] Another two Enbridge employees were arrested in a sex trafficking sting in Bemidji in June 2021.[32][33] - Tribal representatives say the pipeline expansion, which passes through treaty-protected lands, is a violation of their tribal sovereignty. The new route for the expanded pipeline runs through watersheds that support traditional wild rice habitat, a food source important to Ojibwe culture.[17] - Resistance to the Line 3 pipeline expansion is led by Indigenous women and two-spirit people.[34] Ojibwe-led groups including Giniw Collective, Camp Migizi, Red Lake Treaty Camp, RISE Coalition, and Honor the Earth among others have been at the center of resistance.[35] Demonstrators and protesters organizing in opposition to the pipeline refer to themselves as ""water protectors""[36] and follow a campaign of non-violent civil disobedience that includes direct actions.[37] Organizers aim to convince the Biden administration to revoke or suspend the pipeline project's federal clean water permit.[22] Minnesota Governor Tim Walz has not taken a firm stance on the pipeline expansion, which received federal approval under the Trump administration.[17][22] - Opposition to the pipeline persisted throughout the years-long permit process and continued as legal challenges to the project were mounted.[38][17] Opponents of the pipeline organized protests, at one point making an encampment outside of the offices of the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission.[16] - After the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers gave final approval for the project, it was granted a Minnesota Pollution Control Agency construction storm water permit on November 30, 2020.[39] Construction of the pipeline immediately commenced. - Community organizers have established ceremonial lodges[40] and resistance camps along the length of pipeline. Among them is the Welcome Water Protectors Center which serves as an introduction to other camps.[31] - Protesters gathered at one of the first construction sites for the pipeline in Aitkin County, Minnesota on January 9, 2021. Eight people were arrested for trespassing. Weeks after the protest, the Aitkin County Sheriff's Office charged some movement leaders with misdemeanors, using video livestreamed on Facebook as evidence. Those charged included Winona LaDuke, Tara Houska, Shanai Matteson, and Tania Aubid.[41] - Tania Aubid of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe engaged in a hunger strike in March 2021.[31] - The single ""No More Pipeline Blues (On This Land Where We Belong)"", written by Larry Long, was released on Earth Day in 2021. The track includes vocals from the Indigo Girls, Bonnie Raitt, Mumu Fresh, Pura Fé, and U.S. poet laureate Joy Harjo.[42] A June 2021 concert called Protect the Water featured several musicians performing on a pontoon floating on the Mississippi River including the Indigo Girls as well as singer-songwriters Keith Secola and Annie Humphrey.[43] - Giniw Collective is an Indigenous-women, two-spirit led collective focused on reconnecting to and directly defending the earth founded by Tara Houska in June 2018.[44][45] The group hosted thousands of water protectors at its camp, called Namewag Camp, located just off the Line 3 route over three years, and provided training in decolonization and non-violent direct action resistance.[44] Tensions with law enforcement reached a breaking point when on June 28, 2021, two weeks after the blockade of the Two Inlets Pump Station located in Hubbard County, Hubbard County Sheriffs attempted to block Giniw Collective and their guests from entering Namewag Camp.[46] The Center For Protest Law and Litigation later won an injunction against the Hubbard County Sheriff for illegally blocking the group's home.[47] - In addition to direct actions, Giniw Collective launched the #DefundLine3 campaign in February 2021, as a founding member of Stop The Money Pipeline Coalition.[48] The collective invited and hosted several members of ""the Squad"" to Namewag Camp and to meet with tribal leaders in early September to draw awareness to the Line 3 fight, including Representative Ilhan Omar, Representative Rashida Tlaib, Representative Cori Bush, and Representative Ayanna Pressley.[49] - Camp Migizi is a resistance camp against the pipeline founded by Taysha Martineau in Cloquet, Minnesota[50] on the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation. Martineau crowdfunded $30,000 to purchase an acre of land along the planned route of the expanded pipeline.[51] The Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa initially opposed the new pipeline, but ceased their opposition following the approval of the project.[52] - Following an invitation from leaders of the opposition to Line 3, around 2000 water protectors gathered for the Treaty People Gathering at the Pure Bliss Ranch on the White Earth Indian Reservation from June 5 to 8, 2021. Attendees learned about treaty rights,[53] non-violent direct action, and attended prayer gatherings and drum circles. The gathering culminated in two separate Indigenous-led direct actions against the pipeline on June 7, a march to the headwaters of the Mississippi River and the blockade of an Enbridge pump station.[17] - Following an interfaith prayer gathering at LaSalle Lake the morning of June 7, over 1,000 people marched along County Highway 40 to the headwaters of the Mississippi River near a planned crossing of the pipeline. Speakers at the event included Winona LaDuke, actress and activist Jane Fonda, and climate change activist Bill McKibben. Resilient Indigenous Sisters Engaging (RISE) Coalition co-founders Dawn Goodwin and Nancy Beaulieu were also among those to speak. Dakota and Diné elder Tom B.K. Goldtooth guided those who had gathered to the river.[54] Protesters chalked the highway with a message asking President Biden to honor treaties and stop the pipeline. Pipe and water ceremonies were held before elders walked across river marshes to the Enbridge construction site. - The Fire Light Camp was established on June 7 by tribal members and protesters at the site where Enbridge plans to bury its pipeline underneath the headwaters of the Mississippi River. As a multi-day prayer commenced, over 100 people set up camp, pitching tents along an Enbridge matting platform positioned over the river.[17] Enbridge sent a letter to the Clearwater County Sheriff on June 12, 2021, saying that the people there were trespassing.[55] - On the morning of June 7, 2021, protesters scaled metal fencing to enter an Enbridge pump station about 20 miles north of Park Rapids, Minnesota off of Highway 71.[17][11] In a non-violent direct action, dubbed ""peanut butter"" by the activists,[11] hundreds of protesters dug trenches[4] and set up blockades with trees and poles along the pump station's access road while about two dozen people chained themselves to the bulldozers and other heavy machinery at the site.[56][11] Multiple blockade devices made from steel cable and bamboo were placed along the road.[57] An old fishing boat used to block the entrance to the site bore the name ""Good Trouble"", after the expression used by the late civil rights leader John Lewis.[58] - Attendees of the pump station blockade included Tara Houska as well as actors Jane Fonda, Taylor Schilling, Rosanna Arquette and Catherine Keener.[59][11][60] - During the occupation of the pump station, protesters were ""rotor washed"" by a Customs and Border Protection helicopter after local law enforcement called for its assistance.[36] While the Northern Lights Task Force maintained that the helicopter was there to issue a dispersal warning and that the rotor washing was unintentional, video taken by an MPR News reporter showed the helicopter repeatedly performing a maneuver where it hovered about 20 feet off the ground for extended periods, while the wash from its rotor kicked up clouds of dust and debris towards the crowd and the people chained up on the ground.[61][17] After a clip of the incident went viral, the CBP released a statement saying that there would be an investigation into the actions of the helicopter team.[61] - Following the rotor washing incident, police officers clad in riot gear arrived at the site.[11] Dozens were arrested as police deployed a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), a sonic weapon.[17] By the next morning over 100 protesters were thought to have been arrested.[11] Ultimately, 247 people were arrested. 68 were released after receiving citations for unlawful assembly and public nuisance while another 179 were charged with trespassing, a gross misdemeanor,[4] and taken in buses and vans to various county jails. Hubbard County Sheriff Cory Aukes announced that arrestees would be transferred to other counties, as there was not enough room in the county jail to hold them all.[17] Los Angeles Times journalist Alan Weisman was arrested, strip-searched, and had his equipment confiscated while he was detained for hours by the Hubbard County Sheriff's Department.[62] - Opponents of Line 3 have pressured banks who are financing the pipeline expansion to cut ties with Enbridge. Banks funding the pipeline include JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Citigroup, the Royal Bank of Canada, and Toronto-Dominion Bank.[63] - About 1,000 protesters held three days of demonstrations at the Minnesota State Capitol beginning on August 25, 2021, where the building had been surrounded by security fencing. Protesters called on Minnesota Governor Tim Walz and U.S. President Joe Biden to revolk permits and end the pipeline project. Volunteers erected several teepees on the capitol grounds, which Minnesota State Patrol officers had them remove when the protest permit expired on August 27, resulting in a stand off with law enforcement. Four people were arrested for obstruction.[2] - On August 28, 2021, protesters of the Line 3 oil pipeline marched peacefully from the Minnesota State Capitol building to outside the Minnesota Governor's Residence to advocated for treaty rights and sovereignty of Indigenous lands. At the governor's residence, several people chained themselves to a fence and gate, and officials issued a dispersal order and several people declined to leave the area. In response, Minnesota State Patrol officers arrested and charged 69 people for disorderly conduct, riot, and threats of violence.[3] - The Equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson in Lafayette Square just to the north of the White House was vandalized with the words ""Expect Us"" on Indigenous Peoples' Day (also Columbus day), Monday, October 11, 2021. Protestors had been chanting ""respect us or expect us"" in response to protesting the Line 3 pipeline in Minnesota that runs through lands owned by Indigenous tribes who are concerned that the pipeline could spill and ruin the land they use to farm.[64] - The Northern Lights Task Force, an interagency law enforcement coalition, was established following state approval of the Line 3 expansion. The task force is funded by Enbridge and includes multiple law enforcement agencies, including Sheriff's departments from counties along the route of the pipeline.[17] Enbridge established an escrow account in May 2020 that allows law enforcement agencies to draw funds for policing costs related to the pipeline. As of March 2022, the escrow account has dispensed over $7.7 million to Minnesota law enforcement agencies, including $2.2 million to Minnesota's Department of Natural Resources.[65] The Cass County Sheriff's Office alone drew over $327,000 of funding for policing costs by April 2021.[66] Center for Protest Law and Litigation lawyer Mara Verheyden-Hilliard criticized the account, saying it incentivizes law enforcement ""to take action against peaceful opponents of the pipeline"". Protesters have reported aerial surveillance by drones and being tailed by law enforcement in vehicles. Prior to booking arrestees, Hubbard County Sheriff Cory Aukes handcuffs people inside of dog kennel-like cages in his facility's garage bays.[66] - Law enforcement personnel prepared for demonstrations for months. Officers from 12 counties converged at Camp Ripley in September 2020 for a 12-hour training scenario called Operation River Crossing.[24] Following the final approval of the pipeline in November 2020, the task force established the Northeast Emergency Operations Center, a regional headquarters for law enforcement response.[24] From the beginning of construction in December 2020 until June 2021, the task force made over 70 arrests.[17] - Aitkin County Sheriff Daniel Guida and county officials have monitored the social media posts of Stop Line 3 protesters. Guida has posted tables of protest events on Facebook, including details of several pipeline protests with locations, their hosts, and estimates of the number of attendees.[41] - Following protests in June 2021, Enbridge spokesperson Michael Barnes compared the blockade of the pump station to the January 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.[36] He said that the pipeline expansion had been 60% completed and that the protests had not had a major impact on construction.[17] Enbridge CEO Al Monaco has said that the pipeline expansion is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2021.[17] According to Enbridge, as of June 2021, around 4000 workers are constructing the pipeline at five different project areas in Minnesota.[11] -",2023-08-26 18:14:23 -Senselessness - Wikipedia,"Senselessness is the English translation of the 2004 novel Insensatez, originally written in Spanish by Salvadoran writer Horacio Castellanos Moya. Senselessness was translated by Katherine Silver and published in 2008 by New Directions Publishers.[1] The translation was short-listed for the 2009 Best Translated Book Award.[1] - A sex-obsessed lush of a writer is employed by the Catholic Church to edit and tidy up a 1,100-page report on the army's massacre and torture of the indigenous villagers a decade earlier. The writer becomes mesmerized by the poetic phrases written by the indigenous people and becomes increasingly paranoid and frightened, not only by the spellbinding words he must read, but also by the murders and generals that run the country. The country, never named, is identifiable as Guatemala through the mention of two presidents, Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo and Efrain Rios Montt. -",2023-08-26 18:14:27 -Communauté d'agglomération Territoires Vendômois - Wikipedia,"Communauté d'agglomération Territoires Vendômois is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Vendôme. It is located in the Loir-et-Cher department, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, central France. Created in 2017, its seat is in Vendôme.[1] Its area is 1,039.6 km2. Its population was 52,836 in 2019, of which 15,856 in Vendôme proper.[2] - The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 65 communes:[1][3] - - This Loir-et-Cher geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:30 -Turkmen tribes - Wikipedia,"The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng and Saryk.[1][2] The most numerous are the Teke.[3] - The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent role as its people are considered the ancestors of modern Turkmen tribes such as Teke, Yomut and Ersari.[4][5] - Seljuks, Khwarazmians, Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu, Ottomans and Afsharids are also believed to descend from the early Oghuz Turkmen tribes of Qiniq, Begdili, Yiwa, Bayandur, Kayi and Afshar respectively.[6][7][8] - The Teke (""billy goat"" in Turkmen) constitute the largest and historically one of the most influential modern Turkmen tribes. The Teke descended from the Oghuz tribe of Salur in the 11th or 12th century.[9] The tribe is subdivided into two, the Ahal Teke and Mary Teke. British Lt. Col. C.E. Stuart in 1830s also noted a subdivision into four clans, the Wakil (another variant is Wekil), Beg, Suchmuz, and Bukshi: - ""The Wakil and Beg clans are collectively called Toghtamish, as they are descended from a person of that name. The Suchmuz and Bukshi clans are collectively called Otamish...""[10] Stuart estimated in 1881 the number of ""Akhal Tekke"" at ""25,000 tents"" and of ""Merv Tekke"" at ""40,000 tents"", which latter number included ""Salor (5000 tents)"". He estimated five people per tent, implying a total Teke tribal population of about 325,000 in that year.[10] - The Teke militarily resisted, mostly successfully, Persian incursions in the 19th century.[11] The Teke came under Russian colonial rule in the 1880s. Though the Turkmen tribes defeated Russian troops during the first incursion in 1879, a subsequent invasion between 1880 and 1881, culminating in the second Battle of Gökdepe, resulted in imposition of Russian Imperial authority. Following the surrender, the Teke commander, Ovezmurat Dykma-Serdar, was commissioned a major in the Russian Imperial Army. Russia's conquest of the Teke was completed in 1884 with the taking of Merv. - Today members of Teke tribe are found predominantly in the southeastern regions of Turkmenistan.[12] They represent over a third of Turkmenistan's population (more than 1.6 million, as of 2014[update]).[13][14][12] - Ersari or Ärsary (where er is a brave man, master; and sari is light, bright, yellow in Turkmen language) is another major tribe of the Turkmen people.[15] They live mainly in Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Ersari people's number is approximately 2.1 million people overall (1 million in Turkmenistan, 1,5 million in Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Russia and other countries). Ersari has four sub-tribal divisions: Kara, Bekewul, Gunesh and Uludepe. - Ersari are direct descendants of the Salur tribe of the Oghuz Turks,[16] as is the Yomud tribe. - Ersari appear to have been a major component of the Sayin Khan Turkmen tribal confederacy, whose Yurt (nomadic territory) in the 13-17th centuries stretched from the Balkan mountains to the Mangishlaq peninsula and north to the Emba river. The label Sayin Khani, given to them by the other nomadic peoples around, referred to their emergence from the breakup of the Golden Horde, (founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu, known as the Sayin Khan), in order to differentiate their origins from tribes that came from the territories of Hulegu (Iran) or Chaghatay (Trans-Oxanian Central Asia). - The Sayin Khan Turkmens were an organized confederation of tribes thought to be divided, in typical Turco-Mongol fashion, into two parts, the Ichki (inner) and Tashki (outer) Oghuz. Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, the Khan of Khiva in the 17th century, in his book Shajara-i Tarākima (""The Genealogical Tree of the Turkmen"", 1659) does not indicate whether the term Tashki refers to an organizational, military or purely geographical meaning. Sometime in the 17th century, in part to the drying up of the western Uzboy channel of the Amu Darya, the Ersari and its major subtribes moved east to the banks of the main course of the Amudarya. One sub-tribe, the Ali-Eli, also moved eastward, but remained near Kaka region, which is now in Ahal Province of Turkmenistan. - The Saryk mostly live on the upper Marghab River.[17] - The Chowdur tribe are direct descendants of the Chavuldur tribe of the Oghuz Turks and are thought to have occupied the left flank of Oghuz Khan’s army. - They lived at the eastern shores the Caspian Sea since approximately at least the beginning of the second millennium. Abul Ghazi wrote that they had arrived in Mangyshlak as early as the 11th century. Prior to the rise of first Seljuk sultan Toghrul Beg in the mid-11th century, many tribes followed the lead of their tribal leaders such as Qilik bey, Kazan bey and Karaman bey, and settled in Mangyshlak. Most of them were members of the Imir, Dukur, Düker (Döger), Igdir, Chavuldur, Karkin, Salor or Agar (Ajar) tribes. - In 1219, the Mongols crushed the Khwarazmian Empire. Two years later, in 1221, the Mongol conquest pushed the Oghuz tribes, including the Chowdur, from the Syr Darya region into the Kara Kum area and along the Caspian Sea. - In the early 16th century, the Chowdur formed a confederate or aymaq in the Sayin Khan confederation. The Chowdur were primarily concentrated in the Mangyshlak Peninsula on the northeastern Caspian coast. The Kalmuks moved into the Mangyshlak Peninsula, the Sayin Khan confederation broke up and the Chowdur ended up southeast of Khiva, loosely confederated, but under the authority of the Yomut tribe. There are indications that some Chowdur ended up in the mid-Amu Darya region near the north of Charjui. Under the Khanate of Khiva, during the 19th century, Chowdur included the Igdir, Bozachi, Abdal, and Arabachi tribes.[18] - Yomuds (also called Yomuts) are one of the major modern Turkmen tribes. They descend from the Salur tribe of the Oghuz Turks.[19] - The historical region of settlement is the southern part of the Balkan welayaty (province) of Turkmenistan, near the Etrek River adjacent to Iran, between Etrek and Gorgan, as well as in the north, in Dashoguz velayat. The Yomuds were divided into sedentary, semi-nomadic and nomadic groups, the last being the majority. Sedentary Yomud Turkmens lived in the villages of Chekishler and Esenguly located in today's Balkan welayaty; semi-nomadic Yomuds lived in the lower reaches of the Etrek (in two large villages) in summer, and in winter they broke up into small groups and lived nomadically. Nomadic Turkmen Yomuds usually left for Etrek or Iran in autumn and winter. - The last de facto ruler of the Khanate of Khiva was a representative of the Turkmen Yomud tribe, Junaid Khan.[20] - Turkmen society has traditionally been divided into tribes (Turkmen: taýpalar).[21] The full tribal structure of Turkmens is as follows: halk, il, taýpa, urug, kök, kowum, kabile, aýmak/oýmak, oba, bölük, bölüm, gandüşer, küde, depe, desse, lakam, top, birata, topar, and tire.[22] - The origin of all present-day Turkmen tribes is traced to 24 Oghuz tribes. Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, in his 1659 work Shajara-i Tarākima, places special emphasis on the Salur tribe of the Oghuz, since a few major Turkmen tribes, the Teke, Yomuts and Ersaris, derived from it.[23] Abu al-Ghazi claims that the leader of the Salur tribe was Salur Ogurcik Alp.[24] who had six sons: Berdi, Buka, Usar, Kusar, Yaycı and Dingli.[25] - At the beginning of the 20th century, Feodor Mikhailov, a Russian officer in the military administration of the Transcaspian Region of the Russian Empire, noted, ""all Turkmen, rich and poor, live almost completely alike"". He also added that the Turkmen ""put the principles of brotherhood, equality, and freedom into practice more completely and consistently than any of our contemporary European republics.""[26] - The five traditional carpet rosettes (Turkmen: göller) that form motifs in the coat of arms of Turkmenistan and on its flag belong to these tribes (and are named after them; see, for example, ""Yomut carpet"").[27] - Modern Turkmen tribes were usually ruled by chiefs or leaders (Turkmen: serdar) and guided by elders (Turkmen: aksakal plural aksakallar), literally ""white beards"", who, most of the time, were chosen by consensus. Elders guided their people by unwritten customary laws called tore or adat. Besides guiding and regulating affairs between individuals, families and groups, elders, along with serdars, made important decisions on distribution of water, land or on declaring and waging war.[28] - Turkmen tribes recognized only their free will as the primary authority and were never loyal to any of the foreign powers that conquered their lands. They always chose to rise and fight for their freedom, as evidenced in numerous battles and revolts against the neighboring Uzbek Khanates, Persian and Russian Empires.[29] Such khans and serdars of various Turkmen tribes as Aba Serdar, Keýmir Kör, Nurberdi Han, Gowshut Han, Dykma Serdar, and others are the most prominent and are still respected by modern Turkmen. -",2023-08-26 18:14:33 -Back mount - Wikipedia,"Back mount, or rear mount (often confused with back control), is a dominant grappling position where the practitioner is on their opponent's back in such a way that they have control of their opponent (in back control, the practitioner controls their opponent from the back in any position that is not atop). Ideally, the opponent will be recumbent (prone), while the practitioner centers their weight atop the opponent, either in a seated or recumbent posture. Many consider back mount to be a very dominant, perhaps even the most advantageous position in grappling. This is due to the practitioner being able to attack with strikes and submissions with the opponent having a severely limited ability to see incoming attacks and defend against them. - In order to prevent the opponent from escaping the back mount, the position must have stability. This is generally accomplished by utilizing the practitioner's own legs to hook the inside of the opponent's thighs, (commonly called hooks) while holding the opponent's neck or arms to maintain chest-to-back contact. Such a position can be very difficult to escape. The opponent may attempt to roll, but the hooks and chest-to-back contact will allow the practitioner to roll with the opponent. The practitioner that has the back mount is in a very advantageous position. He can strike with punches, elbows and headbutts, or alternatively attempt a rear naked choke, various collar-chokes as well as armlocks. - It is nearly impossible to attack an opponent who is mounted directly behind one's back. If the opponent does not have the legs hooked or chest to back contact, it is possible to roll into the mount; although this does not improve the positioning much, it is at least possible to see and block the opponent's strikes from the mounted position. If the opponent has the legs hooked in, those hooks need to be removed, for instance by pulling them out using the arms. Once they have been removed, there is an increase in mobility, making it possible to wriggle into the mount, or try to turn and entangle a leg into a half guard. Using the arms to pull out the hooks, however, leaves one's neck open to the rear naked choke. There are effective positional methods of escaping the back mount. - To remove chest to back contact, the mounted opponent can grab an attacker's wrist with two hands and move it over their head to the other side. If the mounted opponent is much larger/stronger than the mounting fighter, they may actually be able to stand up and slam his opponent into a nearby wall or fall backwards onto their back (and opponent). Doing this with enough force may knock the wind out of the dominant opponent, or at least enable one to break free. - Another standard escape involves the mounted opponent touching their head to the ground to temporarily prevent against a choke while also attempting to roll into the dominant opponent's guard. Alternatively, while basing with the head on the ground, the mounted opponent can use their legs or arms to remove one of the hooks to make rolling into the guard easier. - If the mounting opponent has their ankles crossed while holding the rear mount (similar to the positioning in closed guard), the opponent being mounted can use a Figure 4 leglock to apply a submission against the dominant fighter. This can result in a tapout or possible injury, depending on the circumstances.[1] Generally, opponents skilled in ground fighting will not cross their ankles or not cross them long enough to allow this to happen. -",2023-08-26 18:14:36 -Agapetus montanus - Wikipedia," - Agapetus montanus is a species of Caddisfly.[1] It is endemic to the north-western states of the United States of America.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:14:39 -Ludwig Beck - Wikipedia," - Ludwig August Theodor Beck (German: [ˈluːt.vɪç bɛk] (listen); 29 June 1880 – 20 July 1944) was a German general and Chief of the German General Staff during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II. Although Beck never became a member of the Nazi Party, in the early 1930s he supported Adolf Hitler's forceful denunciation of the Versailles Treaty and belief in the need for Germany to rearm. Beck had grave misgivings regarding the Nazi demand for all German officers to swear an oath of fealty to the person of Hitler in 1934, but Beck believed that Germany needed strong government, which Hitler could successfully provide if the Führer was influenced by traditional elements within the army, rather than by the SA and SS. - In serving as Chief of Staff of the German Army between 1935 and 1938, Beck became increasingly disillusioned and stood in opposition to the increasing totalitarianism of the Nazi regime and to Hitler's aggressive foreign policy. Public foreign-policy disagreements with Hitler made Beck resign as Chief of Staff in August 1938. From then on, Beck came to believe that Hitler could not be influenced positively and that both Hitler and the Nazi Party had to be removed from government. Beck became a major leader within the conspiracy against Hitler and would have served as head of state with the title of either President or regent (""Reichsverweser""), depending on the source, if the 20 July plot had succeeded. The plot failed, however, and Beck was then arrested. He reportedly made an unsuccessful attempt at suicide before he was shot and killed. - Beck was born on 29 June 1880 in Biebrich (now a borough of Wiesbaden, Hesse) in Hesse-Nassau, at Biebrich, Hessen in Germany to Bertha (nee Draudt) and industrialist Ludwig Georg Ernst Wilhelm Beck.[1] - He served on the Western Front during the First World War as a staff officer. After the war, he served in various staff and command appointments. In 1931 and 1932, he led the group of army writers, at the Department of the Army (Truppenamt), which published the German Army Operations Manual, Truppenführung.[2] - The first section was promulgated in 1933 and the second section in 1934. A modified version is still in use today by the Bundeswehr.[3] He was promoted to Generalleutnant in 1932. Two years later, in 1934, he replaced, General Wilhelm Adam as chief of the Truppenamt, the camouflaged General Staff (the Treaty of Versailles explicitly forbade the existence of the General Staff).[2] - In September and October 1930, Beck was a leading defence witness at the trial in Leipzig of three Reichswehr junior officers: Lieutenant Richard Scheringer, Hans Friedrich Wendt and Hanns Ludin. The three men were charged with membership in the Nazi Party although membership in political parties was forbidden for members of the Reichswehr. The three officers admitted their membership and used as their defence the claim that the Nazi Party membership should not be forbidden to Reichswehr personnel. When the three officers were arrested after being caught red-handed distributing Nazi literature at their base, Beck, the commanding officer of the 5th Artillery Regiment based in Ulm, to which the three Nazi officers belonged, was furious and argued that since the Nazi Party was a force for good, Reichswehr personnel should not be banned from joining the party. At the preliminary hearing, Beck spoke on behalf of the three officers.[4] - At the Leipzig trial of Ludin and Scheringer, Beck testified to the good character of the accused, described the Nazi Party as a positive force in German life and proclaimed his belief that the Reichswehr ban on Nazi Party membership should be rescinded. When Lieutenant Scheringer spoke of a future war in which the Nazi Party and the Reichswehr would fight hand in hand as brothers in a ""war of liberation"" to abrogate the Treaty of Versailles, Beck supported Scheringer by testifying, ""The Reichswehr is told daily that it is an army of leaders. What is a young officer to understand by that?""[4] - Historians such as Sir John Wheeler-Bennett have noted that Beck was deliberately distorting the principle of Hans von Seeckt's Führerarmee (""Army of Leaders""), which trained soldiers to be leaders for when the army would be expanded beyond the limits permitted by the Treaty of Versailles, by seeking to apply it to politics.[4] - In 1933, upon witnessing the Nazi Machtergreifung, Beck wrote, ""I have wished for years for the political revolution, and now my wishes have come true. It is the first ray of hope since 1918"".[5] In July 1934, Beck expressed some alarm at Nazi foreign policy involving Germany in a ""premature war"" after the failed Nazi putsch in Austria, which led Beck to warn that those in ""leading positions"" must understand that foreign adventures might then lead to Germany being forced to make a ""humiliating retreat"", which might bring about the end of the regime.[6] In August 1934, after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg, which led to Hitler's assumption of the roles of powers of the presidency, most notably the position of commander-in-chief, Beck wrote that Hitler's move created ""favourable conditions"" for the Reichswehr.[7] - Beck gained respect with the publication of his tactical manual, Truppenführung. Both Beck and General Werner von Fritsch commanded the 1st Cavalry Division, in Frankfurt an der Oder prior to assuming their command positions. During his time first as Chief of the Truppenamt (1933–1935) and then as Chief of the General Staff (1935–1938), Beck encouraged the development of armoured forces but not to the extent that advocates of Panzer warfare, such as Heinz Guderian, wanted.[8] In Beck's conception of power politics, it was crucial to have German military power restored to its pre-1919 levels, and from the latter half of 1933, he advocated a level of military spending beyond even those considered by Hitler.[9] Once Germany was sufficiently rearmed, Beck thought that the Reich should wage a series of wars that would establish Germany as Europe's foremost power and place all of Central and Eastern Europe into the German sphere of influence.[10] - As Chief of the General Staff, Beck lived in a modest home in the Lichterfelde suburb of Berlin, and worked normally from 09:00 to 19:00 every day.[7] As General Staff Chief, Beck was widely respected for his intelligence and work ethic but was often criticised by other officers for being too interested in administrative details.[7] In 1934, Beck wrote a lengthy covering letter to a long report on the British Army armour maneuvers as a way of encouraging interest in armoured warfare.[11] In Beck's view of the General Staff's role, the War Minister served in a mere administrative function, and the Chief of the General Staff should have been able to advise the Reich leadership directly. His views led to conflicts with War Minister Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, who resented Beck's efforts to diminish his powers.[12] - In 1936, Beck strongly supported Hitler during the remilitarisation of the Rhineland against Blomberg, who feared the French reaction to such a move.[13] By late 1937 and early 1938, Beck had come into increasing conflict with other officers over the place and importance of the General Staff in the German military hierarchy in which Beck wished to have all of the important decisionmaking moved into the arms of the General Staff.[14] - In the mid-1930s, Beck started to create his own intelligence network of German military attachés, which he used both to collect and to leak information.[15] Besides military attachés, Beck also recruited civilians for his private intelligence network, the most notable volunteer being Carl Goerdeler.[15] - In May 1937, Beck refused an order to draw up orders for executing Fall Otto (Case Otto), the German plan for an invasion of Austria, under the grounds that such a move might cause a world war before Germany was ready.[16] During the Anschluss of February–March 1938, once Beck was convinced that no war would result from a move against Austria, he swiftly drew up the orders for Fall Otto.[16] In Beck's conception of power politics, war was a necessary part of restoring Germany to a great power if the wars were limited and if Germany possessed enough strength and had allies that were sufficiently strong.[17] - During the Blomberg-Fritsch Crisis in early 1938, Beck saw a chance to reassert the interests and power of the army against what he regarded as the excessive power of the SS.[17] - Beck resented Adolf Hitler for his efforts to curb the army's position of influence. Beck tried very early—as Chief of the General Staff—to deter Hitler from using the grievances of the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, most of whose population was ethnically German, as an excuse for war in 1938.[18] - Beck had no moral objection to the idea of a war of aggression to eliminate Czechoslovakia as a state. In 1935, he had a series of meetings with Prince Bernard von Bülow, the State Secretary of the German Foreign Office and the Chief of the Hungarian General Staff to discuss plans ""for the division of Czechoslovakia"". On 12 November 1937, Beck submitted a memorandum stating that ""various facts"" show the requirement ""for an imminent solution by force"" of the problem of Czechoslovakia and that it was desirable to start preparing ""the political ground among those powers which stood on our side or who were not against us"" and that the ""military discussion in either the one case or the other should begin at once"".[10] - However, Beck felt that Germany needed more time to rearm before starting such a war.[19] In Beck's assessment, the earliest date Germany could risk a war was 1940, and any war that was started in 1938 would be a ""premature war"" that Germany would lose.[20] Most of the generals felt that the idea of starting a war in 1938 was highly risky, but none of them would confront Hitler with a refusal to carry out orders since most of them thought that Beck's arguments against war in 1938 were flawed.[21] From May 1938, Beck had bombarded Hitler, Wilhelm Keitel and Walther von Brauchitsch with memoranda opposing Fall Grün (Case Green), the plan for a war against Czechoslovakia.[22] In the first memorand, on 5 May 1938, Beck argued that the Sino-Japanese War meant Japan would be unable to come to Germany's aid, that the French Army was the best fighting force in Europe and that Britain would certainly intervene on the side of France if Germany attacked Czechoslovakia.[23] - In his May memorandum, Beck argued that Hitler's assumptions about France, which were made in the Hossbach Memorandum of 1937, were mistaken and stated his belief that France ""wishes for peace or, perhaps more accurately, abhors a new war"" but that ""in case of a real threat, or what is perceived by the people to be foreign policy pressure, the French nation comes together as if one"".[24] Beck believed ""The French army is and remains intact and is at the moment the strongest in Europe"".[24] Beck ended with these comments: ""The military-economic situation of Germany is bad, worse than in 1917–1918. In its current military, military-political and military-economic condition, Germany cannot expose itself to the risk of a long war"".[25] The May Crisis of 21–22 May 1938 further convinced Beck of the dangers of going to war in 1938 and led him to increase his efforts to stop a war that he felt that Germany could not win.[20] In November 1938, Beck informed a friend that from the time of the May Crisis, he had only one consideration in his mind: ""How can I prevent a war?""[20] - On 22 May 1938, Hitler stated that he had deep respect for Beck for his pro-Nazi testimony at the Ulm trial of 1930, but his views were too much that of a Reichswehr general and not enough of a Wehrmacht general.[26] Hitler commented that Beck was ""one of the officers still imprisoned in the idea of the hundred-thousand-man army"".[27] On 28 May 1938, Beck had a meeting with Hitler, Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, Admiral Erich Raeder, Hermann Göring, Wilhelm Keitel, and Walther von Brauchitsch, during which Hitler restated the views that he had first expressed in the Hossbach Memorandum.[28] In response, Beck drafted another memo on 29 May in which he presented a case that the Czechoslovak Army was not, as Hitler argued, a weak force and that a limited regional war in Central Europe was not a realistic possibility.[29] In the same memorandum, Beck proclaimed his agreement with Hitler's views about the necessity of acquiring Lebensraum in Eastern Europe, called the existence of Czechoslovakia ""intolerable"" and concluded that ""a way must be found to eliminate it (Czechoslovakia) as a threat to Germany, even, if necessary, by war"".[30] However, Beck argued that Germany was not strong enough to fight the general war that would result from an attack on Czechoslovakia in 1938 and urged Hitler to avoid a ""premature war"".[30] In particular, Beck argued, ""It is not accurate to judge Germany today as stronger than in 1914"". He also presented a detailed military case that more time was needed before the Wehrmacht would be as strong as the army of 1914.[30] Furthermore, Beck contended that he could not ""accept these estimates of the military power of France and England.... Germany, whether alone or in alliance with Italy, is not in a position militarily to match England or France"".[30] - At first, Beck felt that Hitler's rush to war in 1938 was caused not by his personality but rather him receiving poor military advice, especially from Keitel. As a result, Beck spent much of his time urging a reorganization of the command structure so that Hitler would receive his advice from the General Staff and presumably abandon his plans for aggression.[31] In a memorandum opposing war in 1938, Beck commented: ""Once again, the comments of the Führer demonstrate the complete inadequacy of the current top military-advisory hierarchy"". Beck advocated the need for a ""continual, competent advising of the commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht on questions of war leadership"" and predicted that otherwise, ""the future destiny of the Wehrmacht in peace and war, indeed the destiny of Germany in a future war, must be painted in the blackest of colors"".[31] - It was only in June 1938 that Beck realised that Hitler was behind the drive for war. In a memorandum to Brauchitsch, Beck urged that all of the senior officers threaten a mass collective resignation to force Hitler to abandon his plans for Fall Grün in 1938.[32] Beck ended his appeal to Brauchitsch: ""If they all act together, then it will be impossible to carry out military action.... If a soldier in a position of highest authority in such times see his duties and tasks only within the limits of his military responsibilities, without consciousness of his higher responsibility to the whole people, then he shows a lack of greatness, a lack of comprehension of responsibility. Extraordinary times demand extraordinary actions!""[32] - Beck's campaign for a mass resignation was not aimed at the overthrow of Hitler but was rather intended to persuade Hitler to abandon his plans for war in 1938 and to purge certain ""radical"" elements from the Nazi Party, which Beck believed to have a negative influence on Hitler.[33] Together with the Abwehr chief, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, and the German Foreign Office's State Secretary, Baron Ernst von Weizsäcker, Beck was a leader of the ""antiwar"" group in the German government, which was determined to avoid a war in 1938 that it felt Germany would lose. The group was not necessarily committed to the overthrow of the regime but was loosely allied to another, more radical group, the ""anti-Nazi"" faction centred on Colonel Hans Oster and Hans Bernd Gisevius, which wanted to use the crisis as an excuse for executing a putsch to overthrow the Nazi regime.[34] The divergent aims between both factions produced considerable tensions.[35] - In a June 1938 General Staff study, Beck concluded that Germany could defeat Czechoslovakia but that to do so would leave western Germany empty of troops, which could allow the French to seize the Rhineland with little difficulty.[36] Beck maintained that Czechoslovak defences were very formidable, Prague could mobilise at least 38 divisions and at least 30 German divisions would be needed to break through, which required a campaign of at least three weeks.[31] Beck concluded that Hitler's assumptions about a limited war in 1938 were mistaken.[37] In July 1938, upon being shown Beck's 5 May 1938 memorandum opposing Fall Grün by Brauchitsch, Hitler called Beck's arguments ""kindische Kräfteberechnungen"" (""childish calculations"").[38] In another memorandum of July 1938, Beck contended that a war against Czechoslovakia, France and Britain would end in Germany's defeat and urged Hitler to postpone his plans for aggression until Germany was strong enough for such a war.[39] In late July 1938, Erich von Manstein, a leading protégé of Beck's, wrote to his mentor urging him to stay at his post and to place his faith in Hitler.[40] On 29 July, Beck wrote a memorandum stating the German Army had the duty to prepare for possible wars with foreign enemies and ""for an internal conflict which need only take place in Berlin"".[41] The 29 July memo is normally considered to be the start of Beck's efforts to overthrow the Nazi regime.[41] - In August 1938, Beck suggested to Brauchitsch that a ""house cleaning"" of the Nazi regime was necessary, under which the influence of the SS would be reduced, but Hitler would continue as dictator.[42] At a 10 August summit, attended by the leading generals of the Reich, Hitler spent much of the time attacking Beck's arguments against Fall Grün and won over the majority of the generals.[38] Beck resigned alone on 18 August. He was replaced, as head of the General Staff, by General Franz Halder.[43] At Hitler's request, Beck kept his resignation secret and thus nullified the protest value of his resignation.[43] Hitler promised Beck that if he kept his resignation secret, he would be rewarded with a major field command, and Beck was much disillusioned after he was instead put on the retired list.[44] - In the following years, Beck lived in retirement in his Berlin apartment and ceased to have any meaningful influence on German military affairs. His opposition to Hitler had brought him in contact with a small number of senior officers intent on deposing the dictator, and his home became the headquarters of the small circle of opposition. He increasingly came to rely upon contacts with the British in the hope that London would successfully exert its influence on Hitler through threats and warnings, but he failed.[45] - Beck and his conspirators knew that Germany faced certain and rapid defeat if France and Britain helped Czechoslovakia in 1938. Accordingly, they contacted the British Foreign Office, informed Britain of their plot and asked for a firm British warning to deter Hitler from attacking Czechoslovakia. In September 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini signed the Munich Agreement, which handed the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany. That ended the crisis and hence Beck's efforts at a putsch.[18] - In the autumn of 1939, Beck was in contact with German Army officers, politicians, and civil servants, including General Halder, Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, Carl Goerdeler, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris and Colonel Hans Oster about the possibility of staging a putsch to overthrow the Nazi regime.[46] By then, Beck had come to accept that it was not possible to overthrow the Nazi regime if that meant keeping Hitler in power. After a successful putsch, Germany was to be governed by a triumvirate of Beck, Goerdeler and Schacht, who would negotiate a peace with Britain and France that would allow Germany to keep most of its conquests, including Austria, all of western Poland and the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia.[47] - In the early stages of the war, after Poland had been overrun but before France and the Low Countries had been attacked, the German Resistance sought the assistance of Pope Pius XII in preparations for a coup to oust Hitler. Josef Müller was despatched on a clandestine mission to Rome.[48] The Vatican considered Müller to be a representative of Beck and agreed to offer the machinery for mediation between the plotters and the Allies.[49][50] - The Pope, communicating with Britain's Francis d'Arcy Osborne, channelled communications back and forth in secrecy. The British were noncommittal, but the Resistance were encouraged by the talks.[51] In January to February 1940, a series of meetings between Goerdeler, Beck, Ulrich von Hassell and Johannes Popitz produced agreement that when the Nazi regime was overthrown, Beck was to head the Council of Regency, which would govern Germany.[52] In 1940 and 1941, Beck spent much time discussing together with Goerdeler, Hassell and Erwin von Witzleben aspects of the new proposed state after the successful overthrow of the regime.[53] - In 1943, Beck planned two abortive attempts to kill Hitler by means of a bomb. In May 1944, a memorandum by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel made it clear that his participation in the proposed putsch was based on the condition of Beck serving as the head of state in the new government.[54] In 1944, he was one of the driving forces of the 20 July plot, along with Carl Goerdeler and Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg. It was proposed that Beck would become Reichsverweser (regent) and head of the provisional government that would assume power in Germany after Hitler had been eliminated.[55] - The plot failed, however, and by the evening, Beck was in the custody of General Friedrich Fromm. Beck requested permission to keep his private pistol with the intention to commit suicide to avoid torture by the Gestapo. He shot himself in the head but succeeded only in severely wounding himself, and one of Fromm's men was brought in to administer the coup de grâce by shooting Beck in the back of the neck. Beck, along with other conspirators, was buried in secret that night.[55] - In Bremen on 12 May 1916 he married Amalie Christine Auguste Luise Pagenstecher who had been born in Bremen on 6 May 1893.[1][56] - In her youth Amalie had been treated as a child for tuberculosis at the Stillachhaus Sanatorium in Oberstdorf.[57] She had been advised by its head, Dr Luebhard Saathoff to never to have children.[57] Following her marriage he was persuaded to change his opinion. Amalie gave birth to Gertrud Beck on 1 January 1917 in Wiesbaden, Hassen-Nassau, Preussen.[58] Nine months later, Amalie died in the sanatorium on 16 November 1917.[57] - Beck was serving on the Western Front at the time of his wife’s death and had little interest in his child. As a result at the age of five Saathoff took responsibility for her and she joined his family of five children and several adopted children. From the age of 14 Gertrud began living permanently with her father. [59] -Following the start of World War II, to avoid being conscripted into the labour service, Gertrud moved to a family friends’ forestry estate in East Prussia. Here she met Gunther Neubaur, who was born on 18 October 1915.[60] Despite him already being engaged and his parents objecting as they considered her to be too young,[57] the couple went ahead and married in Berlin on 2 March 1940.[58] Their daughter was born in January 1941. He was serving as a Hauptmann (captain) when he was shot near Leningrad and died on 10 February 1942 while on the way to hospital.[60] - In 1944, considering the risk from Allied bombing to be high, Beck arranged for Gertrud and her daughter to stay with her Neubaur in-laws in Oberstdorf due to its remote location in the Bavarian Alps and they were still there at the time of the plot to kill Hitler. It wasn’t until eight days later that two members of the Gestapo called on her and requested that she accompany them. Her sister-in-law Annemarie was present and suggested that since it was late in the day they should have dinner at a nearby hotel and stay the night there. After the Gestapo had left to take up the suggestion the two women burnt any incriminating letters and documents that they could find. The next morning the Gestapo took her to Munich, her three year old daughter remaining behind in the village. Eventually the Gestapo released her from prison and she returned to Oberstdorf, where she spent the rest of her life, dying in 2008.[57] - He appears in all film, literary, and TV dramatisations of the July 1944 plot, being played by Werner Hinz in The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (1955),[61] Karl Ludwig Diehl in Jackboot Mutiny (1955),[62] Ian Richardson in The Plot to Kill Hitler (1990),[63] Remo Girone in Stauffenberg (2004)[64] and Terence Stamp in Valkyrie (2008).[65] -",2023-08-26 18:14:43 -Acaiatuca quadricostata - Wikipedia," - Acaiatuca quadricostata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippmann in 1953. It is known from Brazil.[1] - - This Hemilophini article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:46 -Thahrat Talamnas - Wikipedia,"Thahrat Talamnas (Arabic: ظهرة تلمنس) is a Syrian village located in Maarrat al-Nu'man Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Thahrat Talamnas had a population of 899 in the 2004 census.[1] - - - This article about a location in Idlib Governorate, Syria is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:50 -Killbuck Creek (Kishwaukee River tributary) - Wikipedia,"Download coordinates as: - Killbuck Creek is a 28-mile-long (45 km)[1] tributary of the Kishwaukee River in northern Illinois, United States.[2][3] - The creek runs north through southeastern Ogle County, where it cuts through Galena limestone and blue limestone. The Killbuck passes through Pine Rock Township, where a stone quarry was once located.[4] The mouth of Killbuck Creek is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Kilbuck Bluffs Forest Preserve, a Winnebago County park.[5] In terms of square miles drained, Killbuck Creek is the third largest tributary of the Kishwaukee River behind the South Branch Kishwaukee River and Coon Creek.[6] - - This article related to a river in Illinois is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:14:54 -Kenny Pavey - Wikipedia," - Kenneth Steven Pavey (/ˈpeɪvi/; born 23 August 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. - Born in South London, Pavey made his debut at local club Athenley FC before moving to his boyhood favourite club Millwall. He ended his junior years at Sittingbourne where he also made his debut at senior level. A transfer to Premier League side Aston Villa fell through in 1998 because the two clubs involved could not agree on a transfer fee. Pavey instead moved to Swedish second division side Ljungskile SK where he remained until the 2005 season, except for a break during the 2002 season. - Pavey was signed by Stockholm team AIK in October 2005, and was a regular in the starting line up.[1] - In 2009, Pavey helped AIK to an unprecedented league and cup double, scoring a vital goal against local rivals Hammarby in the penultimate match of the season and then featuring in the Swedish Cup final in which AIK beat IFK Göteborg 2–0. His success at the time made him somewhat of a cult figure, both in Sweden and his native England. He was profiled on the popular football podcast The Football Ramble[2] and was later interviewed live on air in a subsequent episode.[3] In the interview, Pavey discussed the double win and his excitement at the prospect of playing Champions League football. -Pavey then went on to play in the Champions League on four occasions, UEFA Cup on six occasions and Europa League twice. - After Pavey's AIK Contract expired, he re-signed for his former club Ljungskile SK for the 2012 season, currently playing in the Swedish second division. - On 14 November 2012 it was revealed that Kenny Pavey would return to the Swedish first division having signed a two-year deal with Östers IF.[4] - Pavey rejoined AIK on 15 January 2014.[5] - In November 2019 40-year-old Pavey confirmed, that he would retire at the end of the 2019 season.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:14:58 -Special routes of U.S. Route 301 - Wikipedia," A total of at least seven special routes of U.S. Route 301 exist and at least eleven have been deleted. - U.S. Highway 301 Alternate U.S. Route 301 Alternate (US 301 Alt.) is a 6.5-mile-long (10.5 km) alternate route of US 301. It was established in 2019, and serves as a bypass of the mainline through downtown Starke. It is also designated as the main truck route for traffic headed north towards Jacksonville. The highway is built to freeway standards, with only two interchanges with State Road 100 (SR 100) and SR 16.[2] -It carries the hidden Florida Department of Transportation designation of State Road 223. - The entire route is in Bradford County. - - U.S. Highway 301 Bypass U.S. Route 301 By-Pass (US 301 Byp.) is a 3.933-mile-long (6.330 km) bypass of mainline US 301. It was established in September 2020, and bypasses the main road west of downtown Baldwin which also briefly overlaps US 90. It is also designated as the main truck route for traffic headed north towards Callahan. The highway is built to freeway standards, although unlike the Starke Bypass (see above) it contains no interchanges, and only has intersections with its parent route and US 90. - U.S. Route 301 By-Pass contains bridges over the Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad (formerly the CSX Tallahassee Subdivision), the Jacksonville-Baldwin Rail Trail and the CSX Callahan Subdivision. The route carries the hidden Florida Department of Transportation designation of State Road 201, and is the third route to bear this designation. - - U.S. Highway 301 Bypass U.S. Route 301 Bypass (US 301 Byp.), which is entirely concurrent with the unsigned State Route 73 Bypass (SR 73 Byp.), is a four-lane bypass of US 301. It travels south-to-north in the southern and eastern parts of the city of Statesboro. US 301 Byp., along with US 25 Byp. and SR 67 Byp., makes up the Veterans Memorial Parkway, which forms a near circle around the city. - The bypass begins in the southwestern part of the city at the intersection with US 25/US 301/SR 73, as well as US 25 Byp./SR 67 Byp. US 301 Byp., SR 67 Byp., and SR 73 Byp. travel southeast and east along the perimeter of Georgia Southern University. They follow the perimeter of the university, turning northeast towards Fair Road (SR 67), where it breaks off from the university perimeter and turns northward. Here, SR 67 Byp. ends, while US 301 Byp. and SR 73 Byp. continue. After turning north, the bypass intersects Northside Drive (US 80/SR 26), East Main Street (SR 24), and finally East Parrish Street (US 301/SR 73). - The entire length of US 301 Byp. and SR 73 Byp. is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.[6] - The Veterans Memorial Parkway was commissioned in 1993.[3][4] Both US 25 Byp. and US 301 Byp. were completed at the same time as two-lane highways.[citation needed] Several years later, US 25 Byp. was widened to become a four-lane divided highway.[citation needed] In March 2007, work began on the widening of US 301 Byp.[citation needed] The bypass was completed in October 2008.[citation needed] - US 301 Byp., commonly referred to simply as ""the bypass"",[citation needed] has become one of the most congested roads in Statesboro.[citation needed] The widening of the road, which was supposed to be completed by 2006, was not completed due to a faulty contractor.[citation needed] A new contractor was hired by the Georgia Department of Transportation, and work began in March 2007.[citation needed] The bypass has become an attractive place for new businesses, and has been crucial in the growth and expansion of the greater Statesboro area.[citation needed] - The entire route is in Statesboro, Bulloch County. - U.S. Highway 301 Connector U.S. Route 301 Connector (US 301 Conn.) is a 0.410-mile (0.660 km) connector route of US 301 that connects US 521 at its interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95) with another US 301 Conn. (Spigner Road / Main Street).[8] It shares the Main Street name with the other connector route and is an unsigned highway.[9] - U.S. Highway 301 Connector U.S. Route 301 Connector (US 301 Conn.) is a 2.470-mile (3.975 km) connector route of US 301 that connects US 301 just southeast of Alcolu with US 521 in the far northwestern part of the community. Besides its termini, the only other major intersection is one with the northern terminus of another US 301 Conn. (Main Street). It is part of Trinity Church Road, Spigner Road, and Main Street, the latter of which it shares with the other connector route.[11] It is an unsigned highway.[9] - U.S. Highway 301 Truck U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 301A through downtown Rocky Mount, via Church Street and briefly on Tarboro Road.[13][unreliable source] - U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 301A through downtown Halifax, via King and David Streets.[13] - U.S. Route 301 Alternate U.S. Route 301 Alternate is an alternate route of US 301 through Petersburg, mostly running along South Sycamore Street. It begins at a three-way intersection from Crater Road (US 301) and Walnut Boulevard which veers diagonal to the left as Sycamore Street. Before reaching downtown Petersburg, US Alt. 301 crosses Interstate 85/US 460 with no access. In the downtown area, it joins northbound US 1, eastbound Business US 460 and SR 36 on a concurrency along Wythe Street while southbound US 301 Alt. uses Washington Street on a one-way pair. Alt. 301 turns left onto Adams Street along with US 1 and ending at Bank/Bollingbrook Streets (US 301).[citation needed] - U.S. Route 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1970, it replaced the old mainline US 301 through downtown Bowling Green, via Richmond Turnpike, Main Street, and Broaddus Avenue.[citation needed] The route begins at an interchange with the Bowling Green Bypass (US 301) at a single connecting road, where Richmond Turnpike becomes South Main Street. VA 2 continues from the overlap with mainline US 301 to an overlap with the business loop. At the intersection of Milford and Chase Streets (VSR 619), South Main Street becomes North Main Street, which runs through the Bowling Green Historic District. North Main Street makes a slight northwest curve at the intersection with Sunset Drive. The intersection of West and East Broaddus Avenues is where US BUS 301 makes a right turn while VA 2 continues north towards Fredericksburg, and VA BUS 207 heads west to VA 207. US BUS 301 heads east along East Broaddus as it runs from a residential to a sparsely commercial developed area until it curves to the southeast and finally terminates at US 301, the northern terminus of the Bowling Green Bypass at A.P. Hill Boulevard. - U.S. Highway 301 Truck Truck U.S. Route 98-301 was a truck bypass of the concurrency of U.S. Routes 98 & 301 in Dade City, Florida. The road is also unsigned State Road 533. In February 2007, this section was converted into the main branch of the US 98-301 concurrency. - U.S. Highway 301 Business Business U.S. Route 98-301 was the main line of the concurrency of U.S. Routes 98 & 301 in Dade City, Florida until February 2007. The road was also unsigned State Road 35, State Road 39, and State Road 700. SR 39 shields turned up during an FDOT resurfacing project of the former route. - U.S. Highway 301 Alternate U.S. Route 301 Alternate in Ocala is now County Road 200A. It was also former State Road 200A. The first segment is named 20th Street and begins at US 301 in Ocala north of a railroad bridge. Upon reaching Northeast Eighth Road, former US ALT 301 becomes Jacksonville Road, a street name it carries until it terminates with US 301 in Citra. - U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business (US 301 Bus.), the one segment of SR 73 that's not concurrent with US 301, was a business route of US 301. It began at the US 301/SR 21/SR 73 Loop bypass around western Sylvania. The highway, which was named West Ogeechee Street curved northeast in front of a former segment of the road which also leads to a former segment of SR 21, then passes\d the northbound frontage road for the Sylvania Bypass. It traveled straight northeast and southwest along random commercial development until it curved to the east and encountered the intersection of SR 21 Bus. (Mims Road) with turning ramps at both the northwest and northeast corners. The SR 21 Bus./SR 73 concurrency begins and the two highways travel to the east for just over 2,000 feet (610 m), part of which uses a bridge over a railroad line. - The road divided before approaching Main Street and City Hall, where SR 21 Bus. turns south on South Main Street, while SR 73 turns north on North Main Street. Main Street itself is divided by a town green from Telephone Avenue to halfway between Ogeechee Street and W.T. Sharpe Drive, while East Ogeechee Street becomes an unmarked city street. After the intersection with W.T. Sharpe Drive, SR 73 branches off to the northeast, while Singleton Avenue branches off to the northwest. North Main Street becomes much more rural north of here, and is sparsely lined with large suburban houses, although one local lawn mower dealership can be found on the southwest corner of SR 73 and Habersham Road across from Torrington Road. Two more local intersections are passed before the route encounters the frontage the Sylvania Bypass once again, and SR 73 rejoins US 301 on its way to South Carolina, while SR 73 Loop ends. - When SR 73 Loop was established in 1970, US 301 was routed onto it. US 301's former path through the city (on SR 73) was redesignated as US 301 Bus.[16][17] In 2017, it was decommissioned.[18] - U.S. Highway 301A U.S. Route 301 Alternate (US 301A) was established around 1954, it replaced the old mainline US 301 through downtown Lumberton, via Second Street and Pine Street. In 1960 it was renumbered to US 301 Business.[19][unreliable source] - U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 301A through downtown Lumberton, via Second Street and Pine Street. Sometime in April 1971, it was decommissioned, leaving NC 42 and NC 72.[13][20] - U.S. Highway 301A U.S. Route 301 Alternate (US 301A) was established around 1952, it replaced the old mainline US 301 through downtown Fayetteville, via Gillespie Street and Clinton Road. In 1960 it was renumbered to US 301 Business.[19] - U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 301A through downtown Fayetteville, via Gillespie Street and Clinton Road. In January 1975, it was decommissioned.[13][21] - U.S. Highway 301A U.S. Route 301 Alternate (US 301A) was established around 1954, it replaced the old mainline US 301 through downtown Wilson, via Goldsboro Street and Herring Avenue. In 1960 it was renumbered to US 301 Business.[19] - U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 301A through downtown Wilson, via Goldsboro Street and Herring Avenue. In 1963 it was decommissioned; partly replaced by NC 42 along Herring Avenue.[13] - U.S. Highway 301 Business U.S. Route 301 Business was established in 1960 and followed the old mainline route of US 301 through Elm City, via Elm City Road, before its bypass was built in 1958. In November 1970, it was decommissioned.[13][23] - U.S. Highway 301A U.S. Route 301 Alternate (US 301A) was established around 1954, it replaced the old mainline US 301 through downtown Rocky Mount, via Church Street. In 1960 it was renumbered to US 301 Business.[19] - U.S. Highway 301A U.S. Route 301 Alternate (US 301A) was established around 1952, it replaced the old mainline US 301 through downtown Halifax, via King and David Streets. In 1960 it was renumbered to US 301 Business.[19] - U.S. Route 301 Truck U.S. Route 301 Truck was a truck bypass of a segment of U.S. Route 301 in New Castle County, Delaware. It was created in the 1980s to provide a truck bypass of the St. Georges Bridge for US 301 when structural issues with the bridge forced a weight restriction. U.S. Route 301 Truck followed Delaware Route 71 and Delaware Route 896 north from US 301 in Mount Pleasant. It then crossed over the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal on the Summit Bridge. The truck route continued north on DE 896 to Glasgow, where it turned east on U.S. Route 40 and followed it to State Road, where it ended at U.S. Route 13 and U.S. Route 301. In 1992, US 301 was realigned to head north over the Summit Bridge to end at US 40 in Glasgow. This rerouting made Truck US 301 obsolete, however signs remained until 2001 along US 40. - -",2023-08-26 18:15:01 -Athletics at the 1971 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metres - Wikipedia,"The women's 100 metres event at the 1971 Pan American Games was held in Cali on 2 and 3 August.[1][2] - Held on 2 August - Wind:Heat 1: +3.8 m/s, Heat 2: +4.4 m/s, Heat 3: +1.8 m/s - Held on 3 August - Wind:Heat 1: +2.7 m/s, Heat 2: +3.8 m/s - Held on 3 August - Wind: +3.0 m/s -",2023-08-26 18:15:05 -Tropic Thunder - Wikipedia," - Tropic Thunder is a 2008 satirical action comedy film directed by Ben Stiller, who wrote the screenplay with Justin Theroux and Etan Cohen. The film stars Stiller, Jack Black, Robert Downey Jr., Jay Baruchel, and Brandon T. Jackson as a group of prima donna actors making a Vietnam War film. When their frustrated director (Steve Coogan) drops them in the middle of a jungle, they are forced to rely on their acting skills to survive the real action and danger. Tropic Thunder parodies many prestigious war films (specifically those based on the Vietnam War), the modern Hollywood studio system, and method acting. The ensemble cast includes Nick Nolte, Danny McBride, Matthew McConaughey, Bill Hader, and Tom Cruise. - Stiller developed Tropic Thunder's premise during the production of Empire of the Sun in the spring of 1987, and later enlisted Theroux and Cohen to complete a script. The film was green-lit in 2006 and produced by Stuart Cornfeld, Stiller, and Eric McLeod for Red Hour Productions and DreamWorks Pictures as an international coproduction between the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Filming took place in 2007 on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i over thirteen weeks and was the largest film production in the island's history. The extensive marketing campaign included faux websites for three of the main characters and their fictional films, a fictional television special, and selling the energy drink advertised in the film, ""Booty Sweat"". - Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks released Tropic Thunder in the United States on August 13, 2008. It received generally positive reviews for its characters, story, faux trailers, and cast performances, with Downey Jr. being the most positively praised for his performance. However, the depiction of disabled people and the use of brownface makeup attracted controversy. The film opened at the top of the American box office and retained the number-one position for three consecutive weeks, ultimately grossing more than $195 million worldwide before its release on home media on November 18, 2008. Downey was nominated for an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, while both he and Cruise received nominations for a Golden Globe Award. - Hook-handed Vietnam veteran Staff Sergeant John ""Four Leaf"" Tayback's memoir Tropic Thunder is being made into a film. Except for newcomer supporting actor Kevin Sandusky, the cast—has-been action hero Tugg Speedman, overbearing five-time Academy Award-winning Australian method actor Kirk Lazarus, closeted homosexual rapper Alpa Chino, and drug-addicted comedian Jeff Portnoy—all cause problems for the inexperienced director Damien Cockburn, who cannot control them, resulting in a million-dollar pyrotechnics scene being wasted. With the project months behind schedule, studio executive Les Grossman gives Damien an ultimatum: get the cast under control, or the project will be canceled. - On Four Leaf's advice, Damien drops the actors into the middle of the jungle, with hidden cameras and rigged special effects explosions to film ""guerrilla-style."" The actors have guns that fire blanks, along with a map and scene listing that will lead to a helicopter waiting at the end of the route. Unknown to the actors and production, the group has been dropped in the middle of the Golden Triangle, the home of the heroin-producing Flaming Dragon gang. Just as the group is about to set off, Damien inadvertently steps on an old land mine and is blown up, stunning the actors. Tugg, believing Damien faked his death to encourage the cast to give better performances, assures the others that Damien is alive and that they are still shooting the film. Kirk is unconvinced but joins them in their trek to escape the jungle. - When Four Leaf and pyrotechnics operator Cody Underwood try to locate the deceased director, they are captured by Flaming Dragon. Four Leaf is revealed to have hands; he confesses to Underwood that he actually served in the Coast Guard, has never left the United States, and that he wrote his ""memoir"" as a tribute. As the actors continue through the jungle, Kirk, who has become convinced that Tugg's ineptitude is jeopardizing them, and Kevin, the only actor who bothered to properly prepare for his role, discover that Tugg is leading them in the wrong direction. The resulting argument results in Kirk leading the rest of the cast back toward the resort they are staying at as an increasingly delirious Tugg is captured by Flaming Dragon. Taken to their base, Tugg believes it is a POW camp from the script. The gang discovers he is the star of their favorite film, the box-office bomb Simple Jack, and forces him to reenact it several times a day, leading him to become brainwashed. - Meanwhile, in Los Angeles, Tugg's agent, Rick ""Pecker"" Peck, confronts Les over an unfulfilled term in Tugg's contract that entitles him to a TiVo. Flaming Dragon calls during the discussion and demands a ransom for Tugg, but Les instead delivers a profanity-laden death threat. Les is uninterested in rescuing Tugg and is instead delighted at the prospect of a large insurance payout if Tugg dies. He attempts to convince Pecker to play along by promising a Gulfstream V jet and ""lots of money."" - Kirk, Alpa, Jeff, and Kevin discover Flaming Dragon's heroin factory. After witnessing Tugg being tortured, they plan a rescue attempt based on the film's script. Kirk impersonates a farmer towing a ""captured"" Jeff on the back of a water buffalo, distracting the armed guards so Alpa and Kevin can infiltrate and find the prisoners. Still, a combination of broken Mandarin Chinese and inconsistencies in his story sets off the gang's boss, the 12-year-old Tran. Knowing their cover has been blown, the actors begin firing, fooling the gang members into surrendering. Their control of the gang falls apart when Jeff grabs Tran and heads for the drugs, and the gang, realizing the guns fire blanks, recover their guns and fight back. - The four actors locate Four Leaf, Underwood, and Tugg and cross a bridge rigged to explode to get to Underwood's helicopter. Tugg initially remains behind, believing Flaming Dragon to be his ""family,"" but runs back screaming, chased by an angry horde. Four Leaf destroys the bridge, rescuing Tugg, but as the helicopter takes off, Tran fires an RPG at the helicopter. Rick unexpectedly stumbles out of the jungle and saves them by throwing a TiVo box into the rocket's path. The crew return to Hollywood, and footage from the hidden cameras is compiled into the feature film Tropic Blunder, which becomes a major critical and commercial success. The film wins Tugg his first Academy Award, which Kirk presents to him at the ceremony. - Various actors and celebrities portray themselves, including Tobey Maguire, Tyra Banks, Maria Menounos, Martin Lawrence, The Mooney Suzuki, Jason Bateman, Lance Bass, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Alicia Silverstone, Christine Taylor, Mini Anden, Anthony Ruivivar, Yvette Nicole Brown, Rachel Avery, Sean Penn, and Jon Voight. Co-writer Justin Theroux appears in two brief roles as a UH-1 Huey gunner and the disc jockey from Zoolander (shown in a deleted scene).[17][18] - ... I feel the tone of the movie is its own thing. I think there are elements of satire, but I don't think it should be categorized just as that. There are elements of parody in it, but obviously I don't think it's just that. I feel like hopefully it's its own thing, which has a lot of familiar stuff that we are playing off of. - —Stiller reacting to the film being called a spoof[19] - Stiller developed the premise for Tropic Thunder while shooting Empire of the Sun,[20] in which he played a small part. Stiller wanted to make a film based on the actors he knew who, after taking part in boot camps to prepare for war film roles, became ""self-important"" and ""self-involved"" and appeared to believe they had been part of a real military unit.[21][22] - Co-writer Theroux revealed that the initial script concept was to have actors go to a mock boot camp and return with posttraumatic stress disorder.[23] The final script was developed to satirize Vietnam War films such as Apocalypse Now, Rambo, Missing in Action, Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, Hamburger Hill, and The Deer Hunter.[24][25] Theroux pointed out that since viewers had an increased awareness of the inner workings of Hollywood due to celebrity websites and Hollywood news sources, the script was easier to write.[22] Dialogue for unscripted portions of the storyboard was developed on set by the actors or was improvised.[26] - Stiller's original plan was to cast Keanu Reeves as Tugg Speedman and himself as Rick Peck.[27] Etan Cohen created the role of Kirk Lazarus as a way of lampooning the great lengths that some method actors go to depict a role.[20][28] Downey was approached by Stiller about the part while on vacation in Hawaii.[29] Downey said on CBS' The Early Show that his first reaction was, ""This is the stupidest idea I've ever heard!"" and that Stiller responded, ""Yeah, I know – isn't it great?""[30] In another interview, Downey said that he accepted the part but, having no idea where or even how to start building the character of Lazarus, eventually settled on a jive-esque speech pattern and a ragged bass voice; he then auditioned Lazarus' voice over the phone to Stiller, who approved the characterization immediately.[8] Downey revealed that he modeled the character on actors Russell Crowe, Colin Farrell, and Daniel Day-Lewis.[31] The initial script was written for Downey's character to be Irish, but was altered after Downey stated he could improvise better as an Australian, having previously played a similar outlandish Australian character in the film Natural Born Killers.[32] Downey's practice of remaining in character between takes and even off the film set was also written into the script for his character to perform.[33] Downey required between one-and-a-half and two hours of makeup application.[34][35] According to Downey, ""One makeup artist would start on one side of my face and a second makeup artist would start on the other side, and then they'd meet in the middle.""[35] - Downey acknowledged the potential controversy over his role: ""At the end of the day, it's always about how well you commit to the character. If I didn't feel it was morally sound, or that it would be easily misinterpreted that I'm just C. Thomas Howell [in Soul Man], I would've stayed home.""[20] Co-star Brandon T. Jackson stated: ""When I first read the script, I was like: What? Blackface? But when I saw him [act] he, like, became a black man ... It was just good acting. It was weird on the set because he would keep going with the character. He's a method actor.""[36] Stiller commented on Downey's portrayal of a white actor playing a black man: ""When people see the movie – in the context of the film, he's playing a method actor who's gone to great lengths to play a black guy. The movie is skewering actors and how they take themselves so seriously.""[37] Stiller previewed the film before the NAACP, and several black journalists reacted positively to the character.[33] - Cruise was initially set to cameo as Stiller's character's agent, Rick Peck. Instead, Cruise suggested adding a studio head character, and the idea was incorporated into the script. Stiller and Cruise worked together to create the new character, Les Grossman, as a middle-aged businessman. The role required that Cruise don a fatsuit, large prosthetic hands, and a bald cap.[5][32] It was Cruise's idea to give the character large hands and dance to ""Low"".[38] Stiller intended to keep Cruise's role a secret until the film's release. In addition, Paramount Pictures refused to release promotional pictures of Cruise's character to the media.[39] In November 2007, images of Cruise wearing a bald headpiece and a fatsuit appeared on Inside Edition, as well as on the Internet.[40][41] Cruise's attorneys threatened a lawsuit if photos showing Cruise in costume were published.[42] They approached various sites that were hosting the image and quickly had it removed.[43] A representative for Cruise stated: ""Mr. Cruise's appearance was supposed to be a surprise for his fans worldwide. Paparazzi have ruined what should have been a fun discovery for moviegoers.""[43] The photography agency INF, who debuted the image, responded with a statement: ""While these pictures were taken without breaking any criminal or civil laws, we've decided to pull them from circulation effective immediately.""[40][42] - Serving as a last-minute replacement, Tobey Maguire was available to be on set for only two hours to film his scenes in Satan's Alley.[44] Downey said he was amazed Maguire would agree to do the film and felt like they were creating a ""karmic pay-off"" for their scenes together in the 2000 film Wonder Boys, where Downey's character has a one-night stand with Maguire's character.[8] After Cruise vacated the role of Rick Peck, Owen Wilson was cast to play the part. Following his suicide attempt in August 2007, Wilson dropped out of the film and was replaced by Matthew McConaughey.[45] - Although Southern California and Mexico were considered for the main unit filming, the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i (where Stiller has a home) was selected for the majority of the shooting.[46] Kaua'i was chosen over Mexico because a tax credit for in-state spending was negotiated with the Kaua'i Film Commission.[47] John Toll, the cinematographer, stated the island was also selected for its similarity to Vietnam, based on its dense foliage, variety of terrains, and weather.[48] Kaua'i was first scouted as a possible location to film Tropic Thunder in 2004. Stiller spent more than 25 hours over 6 weeks exploring the island, using all-terrain vehicles, boats, and helicopters.[46][49] After the film was greenlit by DreamWorks in 2006, preproduction lasted for six months, most of this time spent on scouting additional locations for filming.[5][46] Filming for the Los Angeles and interior scenes occurred on sets at Universal Studios in Hollywood.[46] - Tropic Thunder was the first major studio production on Kaua'i in five years. After filming was completed, it was deemed the largest production filmed on the island to date, and contributed more than $60 million to the local economy.[46][50] Tim Ryan, the executive editor of Hawaii Film & Video Magazine, commented on the filming on the island: ""I think Tropic Thunder will give Kaua'i much needed and long idled publicity in the production arena ... It should put Kaua'i back on the production consideration radar.""[51] Preliminary production crews were on the island starting in December 2006 and principal photography began in July 2007, with filming lasting thirteen weeks over seven separate locations on the island.[51][52] Much of the filming took place on private land as well as conservation status designated areas.[50] Casting calls on the island sought 500 residents to portray the villagers in the film.[51] Two units shot simultaneously on the island from the ground, and an aerial unit shot from helicopters.[53] Many of the sets and the bridge used for one of the final scenes were built in three months.[54] The island's erratic weather hampered filming with rain and lighting issues.[55][56] The crew also faced complications in moving the equipment and cast due to the difficult terrain.[48] - The film advising company Warriors Inc. was enlisted to ensure the war scenes, including the attire worn by the actors, looked authentic. Former members of the U.S. military taught the actors how to handle, fire, and reload their weapons, as well as perform various tactical movements.[57] The opening war scene was filmed over three weeks and required fifty stuntmen.[58][59] Animatics were used to map out the necessary camera angles for filming.[60] - Six companies working on different scenes and elements created 500 shots of visual effects in the film. These were at times altered weekly due to the reactions of test audiences in screenings.[61] CIS Visual Effects Group assisted with the Scorcher VI faux trailer and twenty additional shots for the home media release.[62] To expand on the comedy in the film, some of the explosions and crashes were embellished to look more destructive. The visual effects supervisor Michael Fink reflected on the exaggerated explosions: ""We worked really hard to make the CG crashing helicopter in the hot landing sequence look real. Ben was adamant about that, but at the same time he wanted the explosion to be huge. When you see it hit the ground, it was like it was filled with gasoline! It was the same thing with Ben's sergeant character, who almost intercepts a hand grenade ... Now, I was in the Army for three years and no hand grenade would make an explosion like that ... But it was a big dramatic moment and it looks really cool ... and feels kind of real.""[61] - Filming the large napalm explosion in the opening scene of the film required a 450-foot (137-meter) row of explosive pots containing 1,100 gallons (4,165 liters) of gasoline and diesel fuel. All the palm trees used in the explosion were moved to the specific location after the crew determined the impact of the lighting and necessary camera angles.[63] Due to the size and cost of the 1.25-second explosion, it was performed only once and was captured by twelve cameras.[57][64][65] For the safety of the crew and cast, the detonators were added one hour before the explosion and nobody was allowed to be within 400 feet (120 m) during detonation.[66][67] The explosion was made up of twelve individual explosions and resulted in a mushroom cloud that reached 350 feet (110 m) in the air.[57][64] For the scene in the film, Danny McBride's character, Cody Underwood, was the only actor shown in the shot of the explosion. All the other characters were added digitally.[68] The explosion of the bridge in one of the final scenes used nine cameras to capture the shot, and the crew was required to be 3,000 feet (910 m) away for their safety.[59] - A trailer for the film was released in April 2008. The Calgary Herald gave it a rating of 3/5, commenting: ""This could either be good or very, very bad.""[69] Gary Susman of Entertainment Weekly questioned whether the film would ""... turn into precisely the kind of bloated action monstrosity that it's making fun of.""[70] The trailer received the ""Best Comedy Trailer"" award at the 9th annual Golden Trailer Awards.[71] DreamWorks also released a red band trailer, the first of its kind used by the studio to promote one of its films.[72] - Stiller, Downey, and Black appeared on the seventh-season finale of American Idol in a sketch as The Pips performing with Gladys Knight (via archival footage).[73] The three actors also later performed a sketch at the 2008 MTV Movie Awards which featured the actors attempting to create a successful viral video to promote the film with awkward results.[73] In September 2008, Stiller and Downey attended the San Sebastián International Film Festival to promote the film. A screening was shown, but it was not chosen to compete against the other films at the festival.[74] - Between April 2008 and the film's commercial release in August 2008, the film had over 250 promotional screenings.[75] On August 3, 2008, Stiller, Downey, and Black visited Camp Pendleton, a U.S. Marine Corps base in California, to present a screening to over a thousand military members and their families. The screening was on behalf of the United Service Organizations and included the actors heading to the screening by helicopter and Humvees.[76] On August 8, 2008, a special 30-minute fictional E! True Hollywood Story aired about the making of Tropic Thunder. In video games, a themed scavenger hunt was incorporated into Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2, and Stiller allowed his likeness to be used in the online Facebook application game based on the film.[77][78] - As a tie-in for the film's release, Paramount announced it would market the energy drink known in the film as ""Booty Sweat"".[79] Michael Corcoran, Paramount's president of consumer products, commented on the release: ""We're very excited, because it has the potential to live for quite a while, well beyond the film.""[79] The drink was sold in college bookstores, on Amazon.com, and at other retailers.[79] - Several faux websites were created for the characters and some of their prior film roles. A website for Simple Jack, a faux film exhibited within the film, was removed by DreamWorks on August 4, 2008, due to protests from disability advocates.[80] In addition, other promotional websites were created for ""Make Pretty Skin Clinic"", the fictitious company that performed the surgery of the film's character Kirk Lazarus, along with one for the energy drink ""Booty Sweat"". - In mid-July 2008, a faux trailer for the mockumentary Rain of Madness was released. The mockumentary was a parody of Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse.[81] It follows co-writer Justin Theroux as a fictitious documentarian named Jan Jürgen documenting the behind-the-scenes aspects of the film within the film. Marketing for the faux documentary included a movie poster and an official website prior to Tropic Thunder's release. The mockumentary was released on the iTunes Store after the film's release and was also included on the home video release.[82] Amy Powell, an advertising executive with Paramount, reflected on the timing of the release of Madness: ""We always thought that people would be talking about Tropic Thunder at the water cooler, and that's why we decided to release Rain of Madness two weeks into Tropic's run—to keep this positive buzz going.""[83] - Tropic Thunder held an early screening at the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con,[84] two weeks before it officially premiered on August 11, 2008, at the Mann Village Theatre in Westwood, California and two days before its wide release. Members of several disability groups picketed before the premiere, protesting at the portrayal of intellectual disability shown in the film.[85] The groups revealed that it was the first time that they had ever protested together at an event.[85] As a result of the protest, the normally unobstructed views of the red carpet leading to the premiere were blocked off by 10-foot (3-m)-high fences and there was an increase in the number of security personnel present.[86] No protests were held at the United Kingdom's September premiere.[87] - The North American release was scheduled for July 11, 2008, but was delayed until August 15, before being brought forward to August 13.[88] As a result of the move from July, 20th Century Fox moved its family comedy Meet Dave in the open slot.[88] The August 13 release date was also the opening weekends for the animated family film Star Wars: The Clone Wars and the horror film Mirrors. Studios consider the third week of August to be a weaker performing period than earlier in the summer because of students returning to school.[89] Previous R-rated comedies such as The 40-Year-Old Virgin and Superbad were released in mid-August and performed well at the box office. Reacting to Tropic Thunder's release date, Rob Moore, vice chairman of Paramount Pictures, stated, ""For a young person at the end of summer, you want to have some fun and forget about going back to school. What better than a crazy comedy?""[89] - Tropic Thunder was released in the United States on DVD and Blu-ray on November 18, 2008, three months after its release and a week after the end of its theatrical run in the U.S. and Canada.[4] The film was released on home video on January 26, 2009, in the United Kingdom. Special features include an unrated director's cut of the film which is 12 minutes longer than the theatrical release, audio commentaries (including one featuring Stiller, Downey, and Black, with Downey providing his commentary as Lincoln Osiris, a nod to a joke in the film that Lazarus never breaks character until he completes the DVD commentary), several featurettes, deleted scenes, an alternate ending, and the Rain of Madness mockumentary.[90][91][92] - For the film's first week of release, Tropic Thunder placed on several video charts. It reached second place on the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert sales chart and Nielsen's Blu-ray Disc chart, earning $19,064,959 (not including Blu-ray sales).[93] In rentals, it placed first on the Home Media Magazine's video rental chart.[94] The DVD sales in 2008 totaled $42,271,059, placing it in 28th for DVD sales for the year.[95] By September 2009, 2,963,000 DVD units had been sold, gathering revenue of $49,870,248.[93] - An HDR Dolby Vision mastered Ultra HD Blu-ray was released through Kino Lorber.[96] - The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 82% based on 252 reviews and an average rating of 7.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""With biting satire, plenty of subversive humor, and an unforgettable turn by Robert Downey Jr., Tropic Thunder is a triumphant late summer comedy.""[97] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score from reviews by mainstream critics, gave a film score of 71 out of 100 based on 39 critics, indicating ""generally favorable reviews"".[98] - After attending an industry screening in April 2008, Michael Cieply from the New York Times stated that the film was ""shaping up as one of [DreamWorks]'s best prospects for the summer.""[39] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film a positive review, writing ""There are some wildly funny scenes, a few leaden ones and others that are scattershot, with humorous satire undercut by over-the-top grisliness. Still, when it's funny, it's really funny.""[99] A review in Variety by Todd McCarthy was critical: ""Apart from startling, out-there comic turns by Robert Downey Jr. and Tom Cruise, however, the antics here are pretty thin, redundant and one-note.""[100] Glenn Kenny of RogerEbert.com would later call the film ""intermittently amusing but entirely smug and hateful.""[101] Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail also gave the film a negative review, calling it ""... an assault in the guise of a comedy—watching it is like getting mugged by a clown.""[102] J.R. Jones of Chicago Reader stated ""The rest of the movie never lives up to the hilarity of the opening, partly because the large-scale production smothers the gags but mostly because those gags are so easy to smother.""[103] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave 3.5/4 and wrote, ""The movie is, may I say, considerably better than Stiller’s previous film, Zoolander (2001). It’s the kind of summer comedy that rolls in, makes a lot of people laugh and rolls on to video.""[104] - The faux trailers before the film also received mixed reviews. David Ansen of Newsweek approved of the trailers, writing ""Tropic Thunder is the funniest movie of the summer—so funny, in fact, that you start laughing before the film itself has begun.""[105] Christy Lemire, writing for the Associated Press, called the trailers ""... the best part of the trip.""[106] Robert Wilonsky of The Village Voice was critical, saying that the trailers' comedy ""... resides in the land of the obvious, easy chuckle.""[107] - Downey, Stiller, Black and Cruise were repeatedly singled out for praise by numerous critics, claiming that they ""stole the show"", were ""... off-the-charts hilarious ..."", and would bring viewers ""... the fondest memories of [their] work.""[104][108][109] Scott Feinberg, of the Los Angeles Times, criticized the concept of Downey's portrayal of an African-American, writing ""... I just can't imagine any circumstance under which a blackface performance would be acceptable, any more than I can imagine any circumstance under which the use of the N-word would be acceptable.""[110] Sara Vilkomerson said Cruise did ""... an astonishingly funny and surprising supporting performance.""[111] Logan Hill of New York argued against Cruise's cameo saying that it ""... just makes him look a little lost and almost pathetic—shucking and jiving, trying to appeal to the younger moviegoers who are abandoning him.""[112] - Several critics commented on the controversy over lines in the film talking about the mentally disabled. Duane Dudek of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel wrote that the film ""... is just sophomoric enough to offend. And while it is also funny, it is without the empathy or compassion to cause us to wonder why we are laughing.""[113] Christian Toto of The Washington Times argued against the opposition, ""Tropic Thunder is drawing fire from special interest groups for ... its frequent use of the word 'retard', but discerning audiences will know where the humor is targeted. And they'll be laughing too hard to take offense.""[114] Kurt Loder of MTV contrasted the opposition to the lines with Downey's character portraying an African American, ""The scene in which the derisive Alpa Chino (Brandon T. Jackson) nails Lazarus' recitation of black-uplift homilies as nothing more than the lyrics to the Jeffersons theme is funny; but the one in which Lazarus quietly explains to Speedman that his Simple Jack character failed because he made the mistake of going 'full retard'—rather than softening his character with cuteness in the manner of Forrest Gump—is so on-the-nose accurate, it takes your breath away.""[115] - In January 2009, Entertainment Weekly included Tropic Thunder in its list ""25 Great Comedies From the Past 25 Years"" for its ""spot-on skewering of Hollywood.""[116] The film also appeared on several critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2008.[117] Stephen King placed it at the fourth position, calling the film ""the funniest, most daring comedy of the year.""[118] The Oregonian's Marc Mohan, placed it sixth, and several critics placed it seventh: Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News, Premiere magazine, Mike Russell of The Oregonian, as well as Peter Hartlaub of the San Francisco Chronicle.[117] David Ansen of Newsweek placed it eighth and Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly included the film in the tenth position.[117] - Stacey Snider, the chief executive of DreamWorks, suggested that the film would earn around $30 million in its opening weekend and go on to be as successful as Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan, which earned $129 million in the U.S. and Canada and $260 million worldwide.[72] The Dark Knight had been the number one film at the box office for the four weeks prior to the release of Tropic Thunder. Bob Thompson, a writer for the National Post, speculated that Tropic Thunder's opening weekend would outperform The Dark Knight for the weekend.[119] In a list compiled prior to the summer's film releases, Entertainment Weekly predicted that the film would be the tenth highest-grossing film of the summer at the American box office with $142.6 million.[120] - Tropic Thunder opened in 3,319 theaters and, for its first five days of American and Canadian release, earned $36,845,588. The film placed first in the weekend's box office with $25,812,796, surpassing Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Mirrors, which debuted the same weekend.[4] Reacting to the film's opening receipts, DreamWorks spokesman Chip Sullivan stated, ""We're thrilled, quite frankly. It played out exactly how we hoped.""[121] In foreign markets for the film's opening weekend, it was released in 418 Russian and 19 United Arab Emirates locations earning $2.2 million and $319,000, respectively.[122] - The film maintained its number one position at the American and Canadian box office for the following two weekends, making it the second film in 2008 (after The Dark Knight) to hold the number-one position for more than two consecutive weekends.[123][124] The film's widest release was in 3,473 theaters, placing it in the top 25 widest releases in the U.S. for 2008.[4] For 2008, the film was the fifth-highest-grossing domestic R-rated film.[125] The film's U.S. and Canada gross of over $110 million made Tropic Thunder Stiller's most successful film as a director.[126] The film has had gross receipts of $110,515,313 in the U.S. and Canada and $85,187,498 in international markets for a total of $195,702,811 worldwide.[4] - ""It's so funny to me that the role is a guy who is an Oscar-seeking moron. His whole motivation is Oscars ... Irony is synonymous with pretty much everything that is going on."" - —Downey reacting to his Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of Kirk Lazarus.[127] - In October 2008, Paramount chose to put end-of-year award push funds behind Tropic Thunder and began advertising for Downey to receive a nomination by the Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor.[128] In a November 2008 issue by Entertainment Weekly, Downey's film role was considered one of the three contenders for Best Supporting Actor.[129] As a way of extending the film-within-a-film ""universe"" into real life, there were at least two online ""For Your Consideration"" ads touting Downey's character, Kirk Lazarus, for Best Supporting Actor; one of these contains ""scenes"" from Satan's Alley that were not in the trailer as released in theaters. At least one of the ads was produced by Paramount Pictures and intended for early For Your Consideration awareness for Downey's role.[130] On January 22, 2009, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences nominated Downey for Best Supporting Actor.[131] At the 81st Academy Awards, Downey lost to Heath Ledger, who won posthumously for his role as The Joker in The Dark Knight.[132] - With the onset of the annual Hollywood film award season at the end of 2008, Tropic Thunder began receiving nominations and awards starting with a win for ""Hollywood Comedy of the Year Award"" at the 12th annual Hollywood Film Festival on October 27, 2008.[133][134] The film was nominated for Best Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical, for the Satellite Awards. In addition, Downey was nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.[135] The Broadcast Film Critics Association nominated Downey for Best Supporting Actor and awarded Tropic Thunder Best Comedy Movie at the BFCA's Critics' Choice Awards.[136] Both Downey and Cruise received nominations from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association for Golden Globes for Best Supporting Actor.[137] The Boston Society of Film Critics recognized the cast with its Best Ensemble award.[138] Downey was also nominated by both the Screen Actors Guild and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts for Best Supporting Actor awards.[139][140] - Tropic Thunder was criticized by the disability advocacy community. The website for Simple Jack was withdrawn on August 4 amid several groups' concerns over its portrayal of intellectual disability.[80] A spokesman for DreamWorks said, ""We heard their concerns, and we understand that taken out of context, the site appeared to be insensitive to people with disabilities.""[80] A coalition of more than 20 disability advocacy groups, including the Special Olympics and the Arc of the United States, objected to the film's repeated use of the word ""retard"".[75] DreamWorks offered to screen the film for the groups on August 8 to determine if it still offended them.[141][142] The screening was postponed to the same day of the premiere on August 11.[143] After representatives for the groups attended the private screening and were still offended by its content, the groups picketed outside the film's premiere.[144][145] Timothy Shriver, the chairman of the Special Olympics, stated, ""This population struggles too much with the basics to have to struggle against Hollywood. We're sending a message that this hate speech is no longer acceptable.""[146] - Disability advocates and others who previewed the film reported that the offensive treatment of individuals with mental disabilities was woven throughout the film's plot.[143] Disability advocates urged people not to see the film, claiming it is demeaning to individuals with mental disabilities and would encourage bullying.[147] Stiller defended the film, stating ""We screened the movie so many times and this didn't come up until very late ... in the context of the film I think it's really clear, they were making fun of the actors and actors who try to use serious subjects to win awards.""[148] Co-writer Etan Cohen echoed Stiller's rationale: ""Some people have taken this as making fun of handicapped people, but we're really trying to make fun of the actors who use this material as fodder for acclaim.""[149] He went on to state that the film lampoons actors who portray intellectually disabled or autistic characters such as Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, Tom Hanks in Forrest Gump, and Sean Penn in I Am Sam.[149] - A DreamWorks spokesman did not directly respond to the criticism, claiming that Tropic Thunder ""is an R-rated comedy that satirizes Hollywood and its excesses"" and ""makes its point by featuring inappropriate and over-the-top characters in ridiculous situations.""[75] The film's advertising was altered, but none of the scenes in the film were edited as a result of the opposition.[75][145] In response to the controversy, the director's cut of the DVD (but not the Blu-ray) includes a public service announcement in the special features that discourages use of the word ""retard"".[150] - Another aspect that drew warning before the release of the movie and criticism afterwards was Downey Jr. playing a white Australian actor who dons blackface as part of his method acting the role of an African-American man. He responded by pointing out that this was a case of donning blackface in order to point out how wrong it is.[151] Others have pointed out that the wrongness of blackface is addressed within the movie itself by an actual African-American, and that the climax of movie pins on Downey Jr.'s shedding of his method acting; in this way, the movie mocks—rather than embraces—both blackface and the extreme and ridiculous things method actors sometimes do for their roles.[152] - Some have alleged that the film's characterization—and the non-Jewish Tom Cruise's portrayal—of the Jewish character Les Grossman is anti-Semitic. In addition to his Jewish name, the character of Grossman also references the Jewish holiday of Purim. Critics have also referred to this performance as ""Jewface"" as early as 2008, calling it ""vulgar"" and ""exploitation"";[153] others, however, including the St. Louis Jewish Light, which referenced Tropic Thunder in particular, noted that Jewface was a ""riff on the practice of blackface and is nowhere near its equivalent."" Cruise was largely responsible for the final form Grossman took, including using him as an additional villain, the hairiness of the character, and the ""fat hands"".[154][155] - In February 2023, Stiller defended Tropic Thunder on his Twitter account by stating he had ""no apologies"" and that he is ""proud of it and the work everyone did on it.""[156] Stiller's defense was a response to a fan of the film who suggested that the former cease apologizing for making the film in light of the cancel culture which rose during the late 2010s and early 2020s.[157] - Tropic Thunder's score and soundtrack were released on August 5, 2008, the week before the film's theatrical release. The score was composed by Theodore Shapiro and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony. William Ruhlmann of AllMusic gave the score a positive review, stating it is ""...an affectionate and knowing satire of the history of Hollywood action movie music, penned by an insider.""[158] Thomas Simpson of Soundtrack.Net called it ""...a mixture of fun, seriousness, rock n' roll and great scoring.""[159] - Five songs—""Cum On Feel the Noize"" by Quiet Riot, ""Sympathy for the Devil"" by The Rolling Stones, ""For What It's Worth"" by Buffalo Springfield, ""Low"" by Flo Rida and T-Pain, and ""Get Back"" by Ludacris—were not present on the soundtrack despite appearing in the film. The soundtrack features songs from The Temptations, MC Hammer, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Edwin Starr, and other artists. The single ""Name of the Game"" by The Crystal Method, featuring Ryu, has an exclusive remix on the soundtrack.[160] The soundtrack debuted 20th on Billboard's Top Soundtracks list and peaked at 39th on its Top Independent Albums list.[161] James Christopher Monger of allmusic compared the music to other film's soundtracks such as Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, and Forrest Gump and called it ""...a fun but slight listen that plays out like an old late-'70s K-Tel compilation with a few bonus cuts from the future.""[162] - Cruise reprised his character Les Grossman for the 2010 MTV Movie Awards. A spin-off film centering on Grossman was announced in 2010.[163] A script has been written by Michael Bacall.[164] In 2012, Bacall said the film will explore the origin of Grossman's anger issues.[165] As of 2022, Cruise and frequent collaborator Christopher McQuarrie are developing the spin-off, though it is not clear whether Grossman will be the protagonist or a supporting character.[166] - [[Category:Race-related controversies in film]{ -",2023-08-26 18:15:08 -Hakon Andersen - Wikipedia,"Jens Hakon Johannes Andersen (26 October 1875 – 21 April 1959) was a Danish organist and composer. He served as organist for a number of churches around Copenhagen throughout his career. - - This article about a Danish composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:15:12 -John Harley (physician) - Wikipedia,"John Harley FRCP FLS (1833, Stanton Lacy, Shropshire – 9 December 1921, Pulborough, Sussex) was an English physician,[1] geologist,[2] and botanist.[3][4] He gave the 1868 Goulstonian Lectures[5] and the 1889 Lumleian Lectures.[6] - In the parish of Dawley Magna,[7] John Harley was christened on 21 November 1833.[8] He studied medicine at King’s College London and received his medical qualification in 1858. At King's College Hospital, he held house appointments and then in 1863 was appointed assistant physician. In 1871 he left King's College Hospital to join the staff of London's St Thomas' Hospital. There he began in 1871 as an assistant physician, in 1879 became a full physician, and in 1893 was created consulting physician. He also served at the London Fever Hospital.[1] He retired in 1902 and for the remainder of his life resided in Pulburough.[9] - Some of his opinions of the origins of some diseases seemed contrary to what was known about bacteriology and pathology. He was widely known for his eccentric geniality with a fixed ""habit of smiling, bowing, and vigorously shaking hands on every possible occasion with every acquaintance that he met.""[1] - In 1881 he lived in St George Hanover Square with his wife Maria and their five children (four daughters and a son).[10] - Harley was elected in 1863 a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London[3] and in 1867 a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.[1] He bequeathed his geological collection to the Ludlow Museum.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:15:15 -Kowareta Piano to Living Dead - Wikipedia,"Kowareta Piano to Living Dead (壊れたピアノとリビングデッド; Broken Piano and the Living Dead) is the fourteenth studio album by the Japanese rock band Mucc, released on February 13, 2019 by Danger Crue. It is a ""horror concept album.[1] - Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the band had to cancel their Kowareta Piano to Living Dead European tour.[2] - For Kowareta Piano to Living Dead, Mucc recruited keyboardist Tooru Yoshida to the band for a limited time.[3] The songs ""Vampire"" and ""Countdown"" were based on about 140 demos from the beginning of the band's career: ""There were songs that I could hardly use, but some I could do. We listened to all of them, chose about 20 candidates and selected among them "", said guitarist Miya.[1] - The album peaked at the sixteenth position on Oricon Albums Chart.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:15:19 -"Nikopol, Ukraine - Wikipedia","Nikopol (Ukrainian: Ні́кополь, pronounced [ˈn⁽ʲ⁾ikopolʲ]) is a city and municipality (hromada)[1] in Nikopol Raion in the south of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnieper River, about 63 km south-east of Kryvyi Rih and 48 km south-west of Zaporizhzhia. Population: 105,160 (2022 estimate).[2] - Nikopol is the fourth-most populous city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Located on a cape by the Kakhovka reservoir, Nikopol is a powerful industrial city which has several pipe producing factories, such as the Interpipe corporation, and steel rolling mills, such as the factory of ferroalloys. - Formerly the settlement served as one of the capital cities of the Zaporizhian Sich and was known as one of the main crossings over the Dnieper. - Renamed by the Russian Empire into Slaviansk and later Nikopol (after Ancient Greek: Νικόπολις, lit. 'City of Victory'), the city has a rich preceding history. Between 1638–1652, it was the settlement of Mykytyn Rih (Ukrainian: Микитин Ріг, literally Mykyta's bend or Mykyta's horn), the capital of the Zaporizhian Sich. It was one of the main crossings over the Dnieper. - The 1911 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica gave the following description of Nikopol: -""It was formerly called Mykytyn Rih, and occupies an elongated peninsula between two arms of the Dnieper at a point where its banks are low and marshy, and has been for centuries one of the places where the middle Dnieper can most conveniently be crossed."" - In 1900, its 21,282 inhabitants were Ukrainians, Jews and Mennonites, who carry on agriculture and shipbuilding. The old Sich, or fortified camp of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, brilliantly described in N. V. Gogol's novel Taras Bulba (1834), was situated a little higher up the river. A number of graves in the vicinity recall the battles which were fought for the possession of this important strategic point. - One of the graves, close to the town, contained, along with other Scythian antiquities, a well-known precious vase representing the capture of wild horses. Even now Nikopol, which is situated on the highway from Dnipro to Kherson, is the point where the ""salt-highway"" of the Chumaks (Ukrainian salt-carriers) to the Crimea crossed the Dnipro. Nikopol is, further, one of the chief places on the lower Dnieper for the export of corn, linseed, hemp and wool. - According to archaeological excavations, the city's area was populated as early as the Neolithic epoch in the 4th millennium BCE[3] as evidenced by remnants of a settlement discovered on banks of Mala Kamianka River [uk].[3][4] In burial mounds from the copper-bronze epoch of the 3rd-1st millenniums BCE, were found stone and bronze tools, clay sharp-bottomed ornamental dishes.[3] Also found were burials from the Scythian-Sarmatian period, between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE.[3] - In the beginning of 16th century, in the location of modern Nikopol, appeared a river crossing over the Dnieper controlled by Cossacks, -called Mykytyn Rih.[3] According to a folk legend, it was established by a Cossack named Mykyta Tsyhan.[3] Under the same name, the crossing is mentioned in the diary of the Holy Roman Empire envoy Erich Lassota von Steblau [de], who visited the Zaporizhian Sich in 1594.[3] - In 1638-1639, Cossacks led by F. Linchai built a fort which was named Mykytyn Sich (Ukrainian: Микитинська Січ).[5][6] In 1652, due to conflict with the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Kosh Otaman Fedir Liutay moved the administrative seat to Chortomlyk.[7][6] - By 1648, in the close proximity of today's Nikopol, Mykytyn Sich was built. It is renowned for the location of Bohdan Khmelnytsky being elected as the Hetman of Ukraine, and as where the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth started. Until 1775, the time of the Sich sacking, it was called ""Mykytyn Rih"", ""Mykytyn Pereviz"", or simply ""Mykytyne"". - The name rih (Ukrainian for horn) was given because the locality rose at a place reminiscing a peninsula, as it was almost surrounded by the Dnieper river (see Kryvyi Rih). Mykytyne was a town of the Kodak Palanka, an administrative division of the Zaporizhian Sich. Later it was renamed into Slovianske and then Nikopol. - In the 18th century, Grigoriy Potyomkin ordered the building of an Imperial Russian fortress Slaviansk. Eventually the project was scratched. Soon after the liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1782, the settlement was renamed as Nikopol. - During World War II, Nikopol was occupied by the German Army until 18 February 1944. Albert Speer referred to it as the ""center of manganese mining"", and therefore of vital importance to the German war effort.[8] - In 1956, the Soviet policy of industrialization created the Kakhovka Reservoir, submerging what could be now the most sacred place of an early distinctly Ukrainian statehood: the lands of the former Zaporizhian Host, with their burial sites. - Until July 2020, Nikopol was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Nikopol Raion, though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Nikopol was merged into Nikopol Raion.[9][10] - Just a few kilometres west of the city, the Kosh otaman Ivan Sirko is buried. - Nikopol is one of the largest towns in the region, with a population of 105,160 in 2022. The largest manufacturers include the former Nikopol Tube Plant, established in 1931,[11] which is now divided into smaller plants (e.g. Centravis, Interpipe Niko Tube). The Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant is the largest in Europe and the second largest in the world in the production of Ferromanganese (FeMn) and Ferrosilicomanganese (FeSiMn). - There is bus station, railway station and river port, which connect the town with other cities. - Nikopol River Port facilitates transportation for the metallurgical industry and travel.[13] - Transfiguration church - Old Old Believers' Church - Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary - Nikopol quay - Monument to goddess Nike - A street in Nikopol - Nikopol central department store - Elektrometalurh Stadium - Nikopol is twinned with: -",2023-08-26 18:15:23 -Jovençan - Wikipedia,"Jovençan (Valdôtain: Dzouènçan) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of north-western Italy. - - This article on a location in Aosta Valley is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:15:28 -Dean Mazhawidza - Wikipedia," - Dean Mazhawidza (born 22 March 1991) is a Zimbabwean first-class cricketer who plays for Mashonaland Eagles.[1] - This biographical article related to Zimbabwean cricket is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:15:32 -Urso Chappell - Wikipedia," -Urso Chappell was an American graphic designer, writer and world's fair historian[1] born in 1967 in St Louis who died in December 2020.[2] - He created ExpoMuseum.com in 1998[3] and the World's Fair Podcast in 2009.[4] In 2004, he won the international competition to design the exterior of the Expo 2005 Linimo train.[5] In 2010, he wrote a series of articles for China Daily about world's fairs in conjunction with Expo 2010.[6] At Expo 2015, he created the Expo 2015+100 Archive project in conjunction with Expo 2015's social media effort. As a designer, he created many visual identities including that of ZipRealty.[7] He supported United States membership in the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE).[8] -",2023-08-26 18:15:35 -Labour Movement for Europe - Wikipedia,"The Labour Movement for Europe (LME) is one of 20 ""socialist societies"" affiliated to the UK Labour Party, just like the Fabians and The Jewish Labour Movement. - The society campaigns on European issues within the Labour Party, supporting UK membership of the EU prior to Brexit and reform of the EU. During the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum it made a left-wing case for Remain[1] and until the December 2019 general election result argued there should be a ""people's vote"" between Remain and the final Brexit deal negotiated by the government, in which the Labour Party should argue passionately and clearly to Remain within the EU. Now that Brexit has happened, it campaigns for the next Labour government to negotiate the closest possible relationship with the EU . - In the 2020 Labour leadership and deputy leadership elections, the LME endorsed Keir Starmer and Ian Murray for Leader and Deputy respectively. Chair of the LME at the time, Anna Turley commented that it was ""because of their strong pro-EU values and the fact that we think they are in the best place to take Labour to victory at the next election.""[2] - Originally set up in the early 1960s as the Labour Committee for Europe, it split in 1981 when some of its prominent members (notably Roy Jenkins, Shirley Williams and Bill Rodgers) left Labour to found the SDP. Those remaining re-named the organisation Labour Movement for Europe and made a left wing case for Europe, remaining within the Labour Party. - Over recent years, its Chairs have included Bill Rammell, Chris Bryant, Mary Creagh, Richard Corbett, Clare Moody, and Anna Turley. The current chair is Stella Creasy. - Chair: Stella Creasy, Labour MP for Walthamstow - Honorary President: Neil Kinnock, former Labour leader (1983-1992), Vice-President of the European Commission (1999-2004), Labour peer since 2005 - Vice Presidents: Baroness Jan Royall, former Leader of the House of Lords, Labour peer since 2004 - Vice Presidents: Richard Corbett, the last UK Labour leader in the EU Parliament (2017-2020), Labour MEP from 1996-2009 and then again from 2014-2020. From 2010-2014 Corbett was an advisor to the first full-time and long-term President of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy. - General Secretary: Giampi Alhadeff, former General Secretary for the European Parliamentary Labour Party (2006-2012) -",2023-08-26 18:15:39 -Tākaka Hill - Wikipedia," - Tākaka Hill is a range of hills in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand. Made of marble[1] that has weathered into many strange forms and with numerous sink holes, it is typical karst country.[2] The marble is Ordovician in age and from the Takaka Terrane. - There is only one road winding over and around the flanks of Tākaka Hill, State Highway 60, following the valleys of the Tākaka River to the northwest and the Riuwaka River to the southeast. In July 2020, the name of the pass was officially gazetted as Tākaka Hill Saddle by the New Zealand Geographic Board.[3] - It rises to 791 metres at its highest point and separates the coastal communities of Golden Bay from those of the more populous Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere to the southeast and because of its winding nature isolates Golden Bay from the rest of the South Island. - Tākaka Hill is notable for its (now defunct) marble quarry and for many limestone caves and sinkholes, including Ngarua Caves which are open to the public[4] and feature deposits of moa bones.[5] Harwood's Hole, at one time the deepest cave in New Zealand, is also to be found on Tākaka Hill. - Many of the caves drain into The Resurgence, a spring at the foot of the hill. - Tākaka Hill, as many other areas in and around the Golden Bay, has also been the location for many scenes filmed for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.[6] - Tākaka Hills statistical area, which includes Rākauroa / Torrent Bay, covers 277.43 km2 (107.12 sq mi)[7] and had an estimated population of 1,330 as of June 2022,[8] with a population density of 4.8 people per km2. - Takaka Hills had a population of 1,185 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 87 people (7.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 42 people (3.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 435 households, comprising 618 males and 570 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.08 males per female. The median age was 46.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 195 people (16.5%) aged under 15 years, 156 (13.2%) aged 15 to 29, 624 (52.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 210 (17.7%) aged 65 or older. - Ethnicities were 91.4% European/Pākehā, 9.6% Māori, 1.8% Pasifika, 3.0% Asian, and 2.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. - The percentage of people born overseas was 21.0, compared with 27.1% nationally. - Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 63.8% had no religion, 22.8% were Christian, 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.0% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions. - Of those at least 15 years old, 192 (19.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 165 (16.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 84 people (8.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 534 (53.9%) people were employed full-time, 159 (16.1%) were part-time, and 21 (2.1%) were unemployed.[9] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°02′S 172°51′E / 41.033°S 172.850°E / -41.033; 172.850 -",2023-08-26 18:15:42 -133rd Airlift Wing - Wikipedia," - The 133rd Airlift Wing (133 AW) is a unit of the Minnesota Air National Guard, stationed at Minneapolis–Saint Paul Joint Air Reserve Station, Minnesota. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command. - The 109th Airlift Squadron assigned to the Wing's 133rd Operations Group, is a descendant organization of the World War I 109th Aero Squadron, established on 27 August 1917. It was reformed on 17 January 1921, as the 109th Observation Squadron, being the first of 29 aviation National Guard squadrons to receive federal recognition following World War I.[citation needed] - The 133rd Airlift Wing (AW) is a unit of the Minnesota Air National Guard, stationed at Minneapolis–Saint Paul Joint Air Reserve Station. Gained by the USAF Air Mobility Command if federalized, the unit is an air transport organization flying C-130H Hercules tactical airlifters. Its normal flying operations include air-drop training and transport missions. The four engine C-130 turboprop aircraft can land on short runways or airdrop personnel and equipment into areas lacking an airfield. These capabilities are well suited for disaster relief missions. - The 133rd AW's mission is to provide combat ready air crews, support personnel, and aircraft for the airlift of passengers and cargo anywhere in the world. Upon direction of the Governor, the unit can furnish personnel and equipment, including aircraft, to assist in natural disaster relief or to safeguard life and property in Minnesota. - The 133rd Airlift Wing consists of the following units: - The wartime 367th Fighter Group was reactivated and redesignated as the 133rd Fighter Group, and was allotted to the Minnesota Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Holman Field, Saint Paul and was extended federal recognition on 28 August 1947 by Air Defense Command. In the fall of 1950, the Air National Guard reorganized under the wing base organization system, and the 133d Fighter Wing was activated on 1 November 1950 to command the 133d Fighter Group and its newly formed support organizations. - On 2 March 1951, the 133rd Fighter Wing was federalized and brought to active duty due to the Korean War and assigned to Air Defense Command (ADC). The 133rd Fighter-Interceptor Group controlled the 109th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Minneapolis and the 179th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Duluth. The 133rd Wing and Group were inactivated on 6 February 1952 and the squadrons reassigned to the 31st Air Division of Air Defense Command for the remainder of their federal service. The unit was reformed as the 133rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing under Minnesota state control on 1 December 1952. - After the Korean War, the wing was reformed by 1 January 1953 and resumed its air defense mission. Was upgraded by ADC in 1954 to the dedicated F-94A Starfire all-weather interceptor. With this new aircraft, the mission of the 109th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron changed from day interceptor to day and night all-weather interceptor. In 1958 the 109th again upgraded to the improved F-89H Scorpion. - In 1960, the 133rd FIW was reassigned to Military Air Transport Service (MATS) as its gaining command, trading in its air defense interceptors for 4-engines C-97 Stratofreighter transports. With air transportation recognized as a critical wartime need, the unit was redesignated the 133rd Air Transport Wing, Heavy. During the 1961 Berlin Crisis, the wing was federalized on 1 October 1961. From Minneapolis, the 109th ATS augmented MATS airlift capability worldwide in support of the Air Force's needs. It returned again to Minnesota state control on 31 August 1962. Throughout the 1960s, the unit flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and during the Vietnam War, to both South Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand. - The C-97s were retired in 1971 and the 133rd TAW was transferred to Tactical Air Command (TAC) as its gaining command. It transitioned to the C-130A Hercules theater transport, flying missions in support of TAC throughout the United States and Alaska. In 1974 the unit was returned to Military Airlift Command (MAC) when TAC transferred out its troop carrier mission. In the early 1970s, USAF's ""Total Force"" policy brought the wing into full partnership with its Air Force counterparts by mandating co-operation and teamwork between Air Guard and active duty Air Force units in all phases of military airlift operations. As a result, in succeeding years the unit's C-130s traveled to all corners of the world, airlifting troops, passengers, and cargo during training missions, exercise deployments, and real-world military operations to support Federal and State military airlift requirements. - The unit has been upgraded over the years with newer C-130E aircraft in 1981 and currently flies the C-130H, which it received in 1995. 2011 marked the 90th anniversary of the 1921 decision to make Minnesota's 109th Aero Squadron the first federally recognized National Guard flying unit in the country. To commemorate the heritage of the Minnesota Air National Guard, the 133rd Airlift Wing hosted an Air Expo, welcoming upwards of 15,000 members of the community to the base to celebrate. - During 2011, the 109th Airlift Squadron deployed 528 Airmen to 17 countries, serving in support of U.S. operations worldwide, including humanitarian missions to Africa, Honduras and Indonesia. The squadron provides combat-ready air crews, support personnel, and aircraft for the airlift of passengers and cargo anywhere in the world. Upon direction of the Governor, the unit furnishes personnel and equipment, including aircraft, to assist in natural disaster relief or to safeguard life and property in Minnesota. - -  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency. -",2023-08-26 18:15:47 -Br'er Rabbit - Wikipedia,"Br'er Rabbit (/ˈbrɛər/) (an abbreviation of Brother Rabbit, also spelled Brer Rabbit) is a central figure in an oral tradition passed down by African-Americans of the Southern United States and African descendants in the Caribbean, notably Afro-Bahamians and Turks and Caicos Islanders. He is a trickster who succeeds by his wits rather than by brawn, provoking authority figures and bending social mores as he sees fit. Popular adaptations of the character, originally recorded by Joel Chandler Harris in the 19th century, include Walt Disney Productions' Song of the South in 1946. - The Br'er Rabbit stories can be traced back to trickster figures in Africa, particularly the hare that figures prominently in the storytelling traditions in West, Central, and Southern Africa.[4] Among the Temne people in Sierra Leone, they tell children stories of a talking rabbit.[5] Other regions of Africa also tell children stories of talking rabbits and other animals.[6] These tales continue to be part of the traditional folklore of numerous peoples throughout those regions. In the Akan traditions of West Africa, the trickster is usually the spider Anansi, though the plots in his tales are often identical with those of stories of Br'er Rabbit. However, Anansi does encounter a tricky rabbit called ""Adanko"" (Asante-Twi to mean ""Hare"") in some stories. The Jamaican character with the same name ""Brer Rabbit"" is an adaptation of the Ananse stories of the Akan people.[7][8] - Some scholars have suggested that in his American incarnation, Br'er Rabbit represented the enslaved Africans who used their wits to overcome adversity and to exact revenge on their adversaries, the white slave owners.[9] Though not always successful, the efforts of Br'er Rabbit made him a folk hero. - Several elements in the Brer Rabbit Tar Baby story (e.g., rabbit needing to be taught a lesson, punching and head butting the rabbit, the stuck rabbit being swung around and around) are reminiscent of those found in a Zimbabwe-Botswana folktale.[10] - Folklorists in the late 19th century first documented evidence that the American versions of the stories originated among enslaved West Africans based on connections between Br'er Rabbit and Leuk, a rabbit trickster in Senegalese folklore.[11][12] - Stories of Br'er Rabbit were written down by Robert Roosevelt, an uncle of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt wrote in his autobiography about his aunt from Georgia that ""she knew all the 'Br'er Rabbit' stories, and I was brought up on them. One of my uncles, Robert Roosevelt, was much struck with them, and took them down from her dictation, publishing them in Harper's, where they fell flat. This was a good many years before a genius arose who, in 'Uncle Remus', made the stories immortal."" - Some stories were also adapted by Joel Chandler Harris (1845–1908) for white audiences in the late 19th century. Harris invented Uncle Remus, an ex-slave narrator, as a storyteller and published many such stories that had been passed down by oral tradition. He claimed his stories were ""the first graphic pictures of genuine negro life in the South.""[13] Harris also attributed the birth name Riley to Br'er Rabbit.[citation needed] Harris heard these tales in Georgia. Very similar versions of the same stories were recorded independently at the same time by the folklorist Alcée Fortier in southern Louisiana, where the Rabbit character was known as Compair Lapin in Creole. It has been argued that Beatrix Potter based her Peter Rabbit tales on Brer Rabbit.[14] - In a detailed study of the sources of Joel Chandler Harris's ""Uncle Remus"" stories, Florence Baer identified 140 stories with African origins, 27 stories with European origins, and 5 stories with Native American origins.[15] - Although Joel Chandler Harris collected materials for his famous series of books featuring the character Br'er Rabbit in the 1870s, the Br'er Rabbit cycle had been recorded earlier among the Cherokees: The ""tar baby"" story was printed in an 1845 edition of the Cherokee Advocate, the same year Joel Chandler Harris was born.[16] - Rabbit and Hare myths abound among Algonquin Indians in Eastern North America, particularly under the name Nanabozho. The Great Hare is generally worshipped among tribes in eastern Canada. - In ""That the People Might Live: Native American Literatures and Native American Community"" by Jace Weaver, the origins of Br'er Rabbit and other literature are discussed. Although the Cherokee had lived in isolation from Europeans in the remote past, a substantial amount of interaction was to occur among North American tribes, Europeans, and those from the enslaved population during the 18th and 19th centuries. It is impossible to ascertain whether the Cherokee story independently predated the African American story. - In a Cherokee tale about the briar patch, ""the fox and the wolf throw the trickster rabbit into a thicket from which the rabbit quickly escapes.""[17] There was a ""melding of the Cherokee rabbit-trickster ... into the culture of African slaves.""[18] - There are nine books by Joel Chandler Harris that contain Brer Rabbit stories: - There are eight books by Enid Blyton that are collections of stories featuring Brer Rabbit and friends, most of which appeared in various magazines in the late 1930s. -",2023-08-26 18:15:50 -Economy of the Confederate States of America - Wikipedia,"The Confederate States of America (1861–1865) started with an agrarian-based economy that relied heavily on slave-worked plantations for the production of cotton for export to Europe and to the northern US. If classed as an independent country, the area of the Confederate States would have ranked as the fourth-richest country of the world in 1860.[1] But, when the Union began its blockade of Confederate ports in the summer of 1861, exports of cotton fell 95 percent and the South had to restructure itself to emphasize the production of food and munitions for internal use. After losing control of its main rivers and ports, the Confederacy had to depend for transport on a delicate railroad system that, with few repairs being made, no new equipment, and destructive raids, crumbled away. The financial infrastructure collapsed during the war as inflation destroyed banks and forced a move toward a barter economy for civilians. The Confederate government seized needed supplies and livestock (paying with certificates that were promised to be paid off after the war, but never were). By 1865, the Confederate economy was in ruins.[2] - The main prewar agricultural products of the Confederate States were cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, with hogs, cattle, grain and vegetable plots. Pre-war agricultural production estimated for the Southern states is as follows (Union states in parentheses for comparison): 1.7 million horses (3.4 million), 800,000 mules (100,000), 2.7 million dairy cows (5 million), 5 million sheep (14 million), 7 million cattle (5.4 million), 15.5 million swine (11.3 million), 187 million pounds of rice, 199 million pounds of tobacco (58 million), 5 million bales of cotton, 20 million bushels of oats (138 million bushels), 31 million bushels of wheat (114 million bushels), and 280 million bushels of corn (396 million bushels).[4] - In 1862, there was a severe drought that, despite efforts to switch from cotton planting to grain farming, caused food shortages and even bread riots in 1863–64.[5] The harvests were fairly abundant after 1862, but often went to waste as they could not be harvested or moved to markets.[6] Corn was raised in large quantities, and, in general, the raising of food products instead of tobacco and cotton was a necessity. - The scarcity of food in the armies and cities was due mostly to the shortage of male labor, the disruption of transportation and finance. Compounding the problem was the ever-increasing number of refugees flooding into cities; food distribution became increasingly harder, and at times, impossible.[7] - The progressive destruction of the Southern railroad network, along with rapid inflation, affected women in the cities especially hard as they found food prices too high to afford. In Richmond, at the end of a long supply chain, the crisis exploded in bread riots in April 1863, when a large mob of starving women in the city looted stores for food, ignoring the pleas of President Jefferson Davis who stood upon a cart to toss coins to the women, who dispersed only after he threatened to order a company of militia to open fire.[8] In dozens of small towns across Georgia in 1863, working class women raided stores and captured supply wagons to get such necessities as bacon, corn, flour, and cotton yarn.[9] Soldiers at the front did not need to read newspaper accounts. They were all getting letters from home about the rapidly deteriorating situation affecting their own families.[10] Temporary desertion was one solution as ""thousands of husbands discharged themselves"" to save their families over the course of the war.[11] - Despite the Confederacy's strength in cotton production, it produced too little cloth to cover its ragged soldiers - Northern manufacturers dominated North American textile production in the antebellum period, and by the end of the first year of war most of the productive textile manufacturing regions of the South were also in the hands of the Union.[12] - The Confederacy had very few cities of any size. Using figures from the 1860 census, New Orleans was the largest city under Confederate control. It was the sixth-largest city listed in the census with a population of about one hundred and sixty thousand. New Orleans and its industrial capacity fell to the Union after only 455 days. The next largest city in the Confederacy was Charleston, South Carolina, with only forty thousand and ranked twenty-second in the United States. Richmond, the capital and the industrial center of the Confederacy, was twenty-fifth.[13] - During the war, Columbus, Georgia became one of the most important centers of industry in the Confederacy, ranked second to Richmond in the manufacture of supplies for the Confederate army.[14] - The Confederacy's industrial workforce, like its agricultural workforce, was characterized by its wide and extensive use of slaves.[15] In the 1850s, anywhere from 150,000–200,000 slaves were used in industrial work.[15] Most, almost eighty percent, were owned directly by industrial owners, with the remainder being bonded out by plantation owners.[15] Often, manual labor performed by slaves was combined with skilled white artisans to better compete with northern and foreign industry.[16] - The total number of factories in the antebellum South numbered 20,600 (100,500 in the north), 11,000 non-slave workers (1.1 million in the north) and a total value of products amounting to $155 million ($1.5 billion in the northern states).[4] - Because of the profitability of slave industry, Southern industry had been undercapitalized for years by the time of the outbreak of the war.[17] Besides a social preference for the lifestyle that accompanied plantation slavery, agriculture in staple goods was considered the easiest route to profitability; thus agriculture always outbid industry when it came to capital allocation.[17] As early as 1830, Southern industry was a generation behind, and by the Civil War, was vastly inferior to Northern and foreign manufacturing.[17] When the war turned negative, many industries in the South faced exponentially growing struggled shortages of raw materials and skilled labor, as well as worsening financial opportunities.[18] - In Wilmington, North Carolina, Louis Froelich (1817–1873), a German immigrant, opened the Confederate States Arms Factory. His firm made bayonets, sabers, Bowie knives, and sheathes or scabbards for these weapons, as well as thousands of metal buttons for military uniforms.[19] - At the outset of hostilities, only two government-owned naval yards were located in the South. Between 36–145 private shipyards existed, of varying capacity and skill. While sawmills were readily available to supply the construction of wooden boats, iron processing in the South was limited.[20] The result was that few ships were built.[21] The most famous was the CSS Virginia, a steam-powered ironclad warship built in 1861-62 using the raised and cut down original lower hull and steam engines of the scuttled USS Merrimack. Virginia fought in the Battle of Hampton Roads against the Union's USS Monitor in March, 1862, in what was the world's first battle between ironclads.[22] - The Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond was the third-largest iron manufacturer in the United States by 1860.[23] During the war it was the primary iron and artillery production facility of the Confederacy. - Birmingham, Alabama, although an important industrial center of the South after the war, did not produce iron until 1864. Production from this region was minor throughout the war.[24] - The Gallego Flour Mills in Richmond gained international reputation for the superior type of flour which it shipped to Europe and South America.[25] At the time of their destruction in 1865, they were the largest of their kind in the world.[26][27] - Salt was a crucial resource during the Civil War. Salt not only preserved food in the days before refrigeration, but was also vital in the curing of leather.[28] The salt could be extracted from natural rock salt deposits (such as those in underground salt domes) and through the boiling and evaporation of salt water, usually seawater.[29] The main salt works and known natural salt deposits of the Confederacy were located in Virginia, Louisiana, and Florida.[30] - Early in the war, the government used cottage and home-based industry to manufacture textiles such as shirts and shoes.[31] Finding this approach inadequate, the government moved to consolidate finished-goods production into military-run textile shops concentrated in larger cities. These textile shops, with the exception of those captured or destroyed, continued to run until the end of the war. Private mills generally supplied raw textiles to these shops for refinement.[31] - Privately-owned textile mills found themselves in a very lucrative market. Rising prices due to scarcity and high levels of demand made sales to the public far more profitable than fixed-price contract sales to the military, so much so that in the first year private mills often refused or cut back on fulfillments ordered by Confederate quartermasters.[32] - The only manufactures over which the confederate government sought control were those which directly supplied the needs of the army. These were two classes: (1)arms and munitions, which were under the charge of the ordnance bureau; and (2) a more diverse group which included clothing, blankets, tents, shoes, wagons, saddles, and harness, which for the most part were provided by the quartermaster's bureau. - — Charles W. Ramsdell[33] - While the general political sentiment in the Confederacy was reluctance towards government involvement in private business, the exigencies of the war forced the Confederate government to exert a strong control over industry related to war aims.[33] The bureau of conscription, empowered by the Conscription Act of 1862 and 1863, dispensed exemptions to those in industry, if necessary, provided a powerful incentive to private industry to fulfill government contracts. If an owner refused, they would find themselves quickly without their labor force, free or slave.[34] - Before the war the South had a good system of transportation by riverboats on a huge network of navigable rivers, plus a dozen ocean ports. In May 1861 the Union naval blockade shut down almost all port activity except for blockade runners. International and coastal traffic fell 90 percent or more. -In peacetime, the vast system of navigable rivers allowed for cheap and easy transportation of farm products. The vast geography made for difficult Union logistics, and Union soldiers were used to garrison captured areas and protect rail lines. But the Union Navy seized most of the navigable rivers by 1862, making its own logistics easy and Confederate movements difficult. After the fall of Vicksburg in July 1863, it became nearly impossible for all but small military units to cross the Mississippi with Union gunboats constantly on patrol. The Eastern and Western parts of the Confederacy were thereafter never satisfactorily connected. - The outbreak of war had a depressing effect on the economic fortunes of the Confederate railroad industry. With the cotton crop being hoarded in an attempt to entice European intervention, railroads were bereft of their main source of income.[35] Many were forced to lay off employees, and in particular, let go skilled technicians and engineers.[35] For the early years of the war, the Confederate government had a hands off approach to the railroads. It wasn't until mid-1863 that the Confederate government initiated an overall policy, and it was confined solely to aiding the war effort.[36] With legislation authorizing ""impressment"" (commandeering) that same year, railroads and their rolling stock came under de facto control of the military. - At the beginning of the war (1861), the Northern states included 20,000 miles of railroad while the Confederate states had 9,000 miles (1,700 miles total in the three border states of Missouri, Kentucky and Maryland).[4] - The Confederate Army of the Shenandoah used their railroad system effectively at the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) on July 21, 1861. Confederate reinforcements under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad and the course of the battle quickly changed. - Gen. Braxton Bragg also effectively used the Southern railway system to amass forces in central Tennessee against the Union forces of Gen. Don Carlos Buell in July, 1862. The rail system was used to move some 35,000 men down the length of the state of Mississippi, then across Mobile Bay to Mobile, Alabama and then up the length of the state of Alabama arriving finally at Dalton, Georgia. This was a total distance of about 766 miles and involved ""more than half a dozen"" railroads. This circuitous route had to be used because the Union Army controlled a key railroad which would have offered a more direct route.[37] According to Jean Edward Smith, ""Bragg had moved men farther and faster than troops had ever been moved before. He had united two Confederate armies, his own and Smith's [Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith] and stood poised to change the direction of the war.""[38] - In the fall of 1863 the Army of Northern Virginia sent most of Gen. James Longstreet's First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia via rail from Virginia to northern Georgia in order to reinforce Gen. Bragg's Army of Tennessee just prior to the Battle of Chickamauga. Approximately 15,000 men[39] were transported about 900 miles[40] to the Georgia theater of operations. This operation involved sixteen different railroads[40] and took a total of seven days (9–16 September) for the entire corps to arrive in Georgia.[40][41] - In the last year of the war (1865), the Confederate railroad system was on the verge of collapse. The impressment policy of quartermasters ran the rails ragged. Feeder lines were scrapped to replace iron for trunk lines, and the continual use of ill-maintained rolling stock wore them down faster than they could be replaced.[6] - The Confederate States accounted for seventy percent of total US exports by dollar value. Confederate leaders believed that this would give the new nation a firm financial basis. Cotton was the primary export, accounting for seventy-five percent of Southern trade in 1860. The Confederate States entered the war with the hope that its near monopoly of the world cotton trade would force the European importing countries, especially Great Britain and France, to intervene in the war on her behalf.[42] In 1861, Southerners at the local level imposed an embargo on cotton shipments—it was not the government's policy. Millions of bales of cotton went unshipped, and by summer 1861 the blockade closed down all normal trade. - A small amount of cotton was exported through blockade runners. In the course of the war, 446,000 bales of cotton were exported to England and Europe.[43] Ironically, the largest amount of cotton exports went to the United States.[43] Most cotton however, would never be traded during the Confederacy's brief existence, either being destroyed during the war or hoarded until the end.[43] - Disputes over the proper tariff rate had been a sectional political issue between Northern and Southern states at one point almost leading to a prior dissolution of the Union. Southerners mostly opposed protectionist tariffs for finished goods, fearing they would lessen the value of their raw material exports, as foreign manufactures would be blocked sale back to the United States. Southern political pressure kept the tariffs at low levels from 1847 through 1860. The founders of the Confederate States codified this opposition in the Constitution of the Confederate States with a prohibition of protectionist tariffs. One of the first acts of the Confederate Congress was the lowering of import tariffs from the then current US average rate of 20 percent to 10 percent. - However the Confederacy proposed to impose its tariffs on all imports from the USA, which would have been a vast increase in taxes for the Southerners. In practice almost no tariffs were collected; the total customs revenue collected was about $3.3 million (Confederate dollars), from 1861 through 1864. [Historical Statistics (2006) series Eh201] - ...the seceded South, even before the outbreak of hostilities, was faced with the necessity of securing the basic materials of war. It lacked guns, cannon, and munitions of every sort; it lacked most of the raw materials from which they could be manufactured. The South needed clothing, medicine, tools, and, later on, food. It lacked the factories, too, with which to manufacture the sinews of war, and the machinery and skilled labor with which to establish and run factories. As a result the Confederacy, at the very start, turned it eyes towards Europe. - — William Diamond[44] - Just as the blockade had made export of Confederate goods prohibitive, so did it frustrate the importation of vital goods to the Confederate war-effort.[44] Importers often had to use transshipment points, such as ports in the Caribbean, transferring and splitting cargo onto smaller ships for the final leg. Thus shipments became sporadic and delayed.[45] - In the immediate aftermath of Fort Sumter, agents, headed by Major Caleb Huse, were sent abroad to Europe to procure weapons and other necessary supplies.[46] Despite these efforts, the first shipment did not leave England until August, and didn't arrive in the South till November, a full 8 months after the outbreak of hostilities.[47] The slow rate of importation continued from September 1861 to February 1862, with a grand total of 15,000 small arms procured for the Confederate's war effort.[47] - After February, the Confederacy's fortunes in weapons procurement changed dramatically. From April 1862 till August of that year, the Confederacy was able to procure some 48,150 arms, over three times the amount gained in the same period the year before.[47] By February 1863, the total number of guns purchased had raised to a total of 174,129.[47] While some of these weapons were seized by the Union Navy in the blockade, a slight majority made it through, with 40.9 percent of all privateers being caught in 1862.[48] - The South acquired raw minerals through trade with Mexico, most notably sulphur, copper, powder, and niter.[49] Union officials recognized the extent of trade with Mexico, and aggressively tried to interrupt it.[50] Despite their efforts, and the fall of the Mississippi into Union hands, flow of goods from Mexico to the Confederacy was unabated until the end of the war.[51] - While attempts were made to engage shipbuilders on the Pacific coast, in an attempt to access ports in South America, none of the plans came to fruition.[52] Only the Confederate steamer, the Alabama, after finding the Atlantic too hostile, set sail for Pacific waters in an attempt to wreck America's Far-East trade. Though it succeeded in its mission to harass American trade interests, it did not manage to open new ports or engage in trade for the Confederacy,[53] and it was sunk before it could return home with its captured goods. - Blockade runners who sold to the public dealt almost exclusively in luxury and other high-profit items, despite the ever-present need for staple goods.[54] The practice was so egregious that the Confederate Congress came to ban the import of luxury items, though the law was not effectively enforced.[54] Smuggling over land, from either Mexico or Union territory, also provided a profitable trade in luxury items, though it also became a useful means of acquiring much-needed medicine. - Most of the available capital in the Confederate states was invested in slaves or in cotton land. There was no way to monetize these to support the war effort. The weak banking system, unable to handle the financial demands, largely collapsed. The main international bankers in Europe were reluctant to finance the Confederacy, so Richmond turned to smaller houses and speculators, who bought $15,000,000 in Confederate bonds with gold.[55] The gold was used to buy warships and supplies to be brought in by blockade runners. By highlighting Britain's economic links to the Northern states and pointing to the potential dangers of meddling in the conflict, financiers in the City of London provided the U.K. Parliament with a powerful economic justification for the policy of neutrality.[56] - At the beginning of the war the Confederacy had some $47 million in bank deposits (compared to $189 million in Northern banks), and $27 million in specie (gold and silver coins) holdings (compared to $45 million worth in the northern states).[4] - Bad money drives out good, and supplies of gold and silver were hoarded, driven out of circulation by the rising flood of paper money. The first Confederate notes were issued in March 1861, and bore interest. They were soon followed by others, bearing no interest and payable in two years, others payable six months after peace. New issues were continually provided, so that from an initial million dollars in circulation in July 1861, the amount rose to thirty million before December 1861; to one-hundred million by March 1862; to two-hundred million by August 1862; to perhaps four-hundred and fifty million dollars by December 1862; to seven-hundred million dollars by the autumn of 1863; and to a much larger figure before the end of the war.[57] - The individual states and other political bodies copied this policy of issuing irredeemable paper money. Alabama began by issuing a million dollars in notes in February 1861, and added to this amount during each subsequent session of the legislature. The other states followed suit. Cities also sought to replenish their treasuries in the same way. Corporations and other business concerns tried to meet the rising tide of prices with the issue of their individual promissory notes intended to circulate from hand to hand. - As a result of this redundancy of the currency, its value collapsed. Gold was quoted at a premium in Confederate notes in April 1861. By the end of that year, a paper dollar was quoted at 90 cents in gold; during 1862 that figure fell to 40 cents; during 1863, to 6 cents; and still lower during the last two years of the war. The downward course of this figure, with occasional recoveries, reflected the popular estimate of the Confederacy's chance of winning independence. - The oversupply of currency drove prices to exorbitant heights and disarranged all commerce. Savings in nominal dollars lost 90 percent or more of their value. It affected different classes of commodities differently. Imports like coffee became very expensive, and ersatz substitutes were found (Massey 1952). Confederate asset-price stabilization policies appear to have increased the velocity of circulation, and counterproductively channeled inflationary pressures into other areas of the economy. Three successive monetary reforms encouraged holders of treasury notes to exchange these notes for bonds by imposing deadlines on their convertibility. Confederate efforts aimed at precipitating the conversion of currency into bonds did temporarily suppress currency depreciation. These acts also triggered upsurges in commodity prices, however, because note holders rushed to spend the currency before their exchange rights were reduced.[58] - January 1, 1864. … The prices of everything are very high. Corn seven dollars a bushel, calico ten dollars a yard, salt sixty dollars a hundred, cotton from sixty to eighty cents a pound, everything in like ratio. -November 16, 1864. Paid seven dollars [Confederate money] a pound for coffee, six dollars an ounce for indigo, twenty dollars for a quire of paper, five dollars for ten cents' worth of flax thread, six dollars for pins, and forty dollars for a bunch of factory thread. - — Journal of Dolly Sumner Lunt Burge. Mrs. Burge, a Maine native, widow of Thomas Burge, lived on the Burge Farm near Covington, Georgia, about 40 miles east of Atlanta.[59] - Blockade runners made much more profit by importing liquor, fancy dresses, and other luxuries instead of munitions. Tobacco and cotton, which found few foreign buyers owing to the blockade, actually fell in value as quoted in gold. The great divergence of the price of these two commodities in the CSA and abroad—the New York price of cotton increased more than tenfold during the war—offered the strongest inducement to evade the blockade and export them. A small amount of Confederate cotton reached the world market by way of the blockade runners or via Mexico, netting handsome profits. By 1862 federal Treasury Department agents were buying cotton, offering high prices in gold. Tobacco and cotton were smuggled through the military lines in exchange for hospital stores, coffee and similar articles. The Confederate military authorities tried to suppress this illicit trade, but at times even they were carried away by the desire to secure the much-desired foreign supplies.[60] The disturbances of prices, their local differences and fluctuations, produced wild speculation in the Confederate States. Normal commercial activity became almost impossible, and a gambling element was forced into every transaction. Speculation in gold became especially pronounced. Legislation and popular feeling targeted speculators, but to no avail. Even the government itself felt compelled to speculate in gold. Speculation in food and other articles was equally inevitable and was much decried. Laws passed to curb the speculators had no effect. - Shortages grew worse and worse, especially in the cities, leading to bread riots and significant malnutrition.[61] Food rations in the Confederate army were cut; the cavalry was reduced because of a lack of fodder. Night blindness caused by malnutrition reduced the combat effectiveness of Confederate troops, who also lacked adequate blankets, clothing, and shoes.[62] They read letters from home reporting on the worsening situation, as workers were lethargic and children were getting skinnier.[63][64] - Economic historians blame the relentless soaring of retail prices on the government's printing of more and more paper money—some $2.25 billion in all. The people at the time however primarily blamed speculators, who acquired an evil victorious image they could never shake off, as typified by the character Rhett Butler in the novel Gone with the Wind. Increasingly the farmers, who were refusing to sell their product at low prices fixed by the government came under attack. Other critics claimed the Commissary Department because of its inefficiency and corruption, the collapse of the internal transportation system, with priority given to military needs over shipment of farm products, and the lack of cloth sacks and plows and the declining supervision of slaves, deliberate destruction caused by stragglers and union raids, as well as wasteful harvesting methods by inexperienced poorly supervised workers.[65] - The rebel government made the shortages and inflation much worse by the policy of impressment, through which a military unit could seize food, horses, mules, wagons, and supplies—and sometimes of slaves to work on military fortifications. The impressment parties paid low fixed price using paper certificates that promised actual payment later. Flour sold for $100 dollars per hundred pounds in Alexandria, Louisiana, in late 1863, but the impressment price was only $12. Farmers were outraged, and reduced their plantings, hid their crops, and moved their livestock out of reach of the impressment parties. If the Union lines were nearby, farmers could sell to the enemy for high prices paid in gold coin. In Georgia farmers hid a two-year supply of corn rather than sell to the government—but the weevils ruined the grain so much it was only good for the distillery. Increasingly the Confederacy adopted a taxation system based on tithing, that is, 10% of the crop to be turned over to the government. Voluntary compliance was hard to achieve, and violent resistance broke out in the mountain districts. Poor people were especially hard-hit by the runaway inflation, which led legislatures to pass laws making the collection of debts much harder. That of course antagonized the business class, sharply reduce the credits and loans they traditionally had made.[66] - The effectiveness of the Union blockade and the peculiar industrial development of the Confederate States removed the possibility of an ample government revenue. Though import duties were levied, the proceeds amounted to almost nothing. A small export-duty on cotton was expected[by whom?] to produce a large revenue sufficient to base a loan upon, but the small amount of cotton exports reduced this source of revenue to an insignificant figure. Moreover, since few manufactures existed to tax under an internal revenue system such as the US government adopted, the Confederacy was cut off from deriving any considerable revenue from indirect taxation. The first Confederate tax law levied a direct tax of twenty million dollars, apportioned among the states. These, with the exception of Texas, contributed their apportioned share to the central government by issuing bonds or notes, so that the tax was in reality but a disguised form of loan. Real taxation was postponed until the spring of 1863, when a stringent measure was adopted taxing property and earnings. It was slowly and with difficulty put into effect, and was re-enacted in February 1864. In the states and cities there was a strong tendency to relax or postpone taxation in view of the other demands upon the people. - With no revenue from taxation, and with the disastrous effects of the wholesale issue of paper money before it, the Confederate government made every effort to borrow money by issuing bonds. The initial $15 million loan was soon followed by an issue of one hundred million in bonds, which was, however, difficult to place. There followed even larger loans. The bonds rapidly fell in value, and were quoted during the war at approximately the value of the paper money, in which medium they were paid for by subscribers. To avoid this circumstance, a system of produce loans was devised by which the bonds were subscribed for in cotton, tobacco and food products. This policy was subsequently enlarged, and enabled the government to secure at least a part of the armies' food supplies. But the bulk of the subscriptions for these bonds was made in cotton, for which the planters were thus enabled to find a market. - Why did the Confederate government not undertake more external loans?...The other, more subtle, potential explanation for a small amount of external borrowing is the issuing of war debt presents a moral hazard, which rises starkly if, as in the case of the American Confederacy, lenders can expect that defeat would result in debt repudiation.[67] - The South hoped to keep the currency within bounds by having holders of paper money exchange it for bonds, which the law allowed and encouraged—but as notes and bonds fell in value simultaneously, there was no inducement for holders to make that exchange. On the contrary, a note-holder had an advantage over a bond-holder, in that he could use his currency for speculation or for purchases in general. - In the autumn of 1862 Confederate law attempted to compel note-holders to fund their notes in bonds to reduce the redundancy of the currency and to lower prices. Disappointed in the result of this legislation, the Congress, in February 1864, went much farther in the same direction by passing a law requiring note-holders to fund their notes before a certain date, after which notes would be taxed a third or more of their face value. This drastic measure was accepted as meaning a partial repudiation of the Confederate debt, and though it for a time reduced the currency outstanding and lowered prices, it wrecked the government's credit, and made it impossible for the Treasury to float any more loans. During the last months of the war, the Treasury led a most precarious existence, and its actual operations can only be surmised. - During the entire war the notion that the CSA possessed a most efficient engine of war in its monopoly of cotton (the ""King Cotton"" idea) buoyed up the hopes of the Confederates. The government in Richmond strained every effort to induce the great powers of Europe to recognize the Confederacy as a nation (see Cotton diplomacy). It also—more successfully—secured individual foreigners' financial recognition of the Confederate States by effecting a foreign loan based on cotton. This favorite notion went into practice in the spring of 1863. The French banking house of Erlanger & Company undertook to float a loan of $3,000,000, redeemable after the war in cotton at the rate of sixpence a pound. According to one source, Baron Rothschild informed W. W. Murphy, American consul-general in Frankfort, that ""all Germany condemned this act of lending money to establish a slaveholding government, and so great was public opinion against it that Erlanger and Company dare not offer it on the Frankfort bourse"".[68] As cotton at the time was selling at nearly four times that figure, and would presumably be quoted far above sixpence long after the establishment of peace, the bonds offered strong attractions to those speculatively inclined and in sympathy with the Confederate cause. The Confederate agents mismanaged the placing of the bonds in Europe, but notwithstanding, a considerable sum was secured from the public and used for the purchase of naval and military stores. This was aided in part by the (incorrect) assumption of some investors that, even should the Confederacy lose the war, the United States government would honor and redeem the bonds. However, at the close of the war the re-established Federal authorities ignored these foreign bonds, like all the other bonds of the Confederate government, or of state governments under the Confederacy. - By 1863, after two years of warfare, the North was finally fully mobilizing its economy, while the Southern economy had peaked and was waning. General William T. Sherman, an acute observer of the war, had predicted this development even before Sumter, telling a rebel acquaintance in late 1860: - The North can make a steam-engine, locomotive or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or a pair of shoes can you make. You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical and determined people on earth—right at your doors. You are bound to fail. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. In all else you are totally unprepared. … At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, and shut out from the markets of Europe by blockade as you will be, your cause will begin to wane.[69] All data sets are in Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition Online (2006) available in academic libraries. -See also Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970 available on-line from the U.S. Census Bureau. -",2023-08-26 18:15:53 -Holybourne - Wikipedia," - Holybourne is a village in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 1.3 miles (2.2 km) northeast of the centre of Alton, is contiguous with it and shares its A31 bypass. The nearest railway station also being in Alton. - The village has a population of around 1,500 and is where Treloar School is located. Holybourne has a pub – The White Hart – and a small store. - Holybourne is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Haliborne and appears in 1418 as Halybourn.[1] - The name is thought to be derived from the Old English Haligburna which means sacred stream, referring to the small stream whose spring is near Holybourne Church whence it runs through the village.[2] - English author Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–1865) bought a house in Holybourne in 1865. She died suddenly when visiting the house on 12 November 1865. - Being located close to the former RAF Lasham airfield gliders are often spotted in the sky. - RAF Odiham is home to the British Chinooks and has a flight path over the village at a low level allowing excellent views of the aircraft. - Cuckoo's corner, near the end of the village, has the remains of a Roman road and often finds are found in surrounding fields and cricket pitches. - There is one pub in the village, The White Hart[3] along with a small shop cum post office. - In the nineteenth century, a brewery was established in Holybourne by Walter Complin, who died in 1890. By the start of the 20th century, it was run by John Fowler Complin.[4] The site is now occupied by a residential area called Complins. - In 1984, planning permission was granted for the Holybourne Oil Terminal, rail served by the Alton Line, to be the trans-shipment point for production from the Humbly Grove oil field, Lasham, delivery of the oil to be by pipeline. In 1989, further permission was granted to deliver a limited amount of crude oil by road tanker.[5] The freight trains serving Holybourne arrive at Holybourne Freight railway station. - The Church of the Holy Rood in Holybourne has foundations dating from the 12th century,[6] and the nave, west end and lower part of the tower appear to date from this time. The chancel was added later, completing the building by the 13th century. However, two centuries later the floor of the building was raised, possibly because of nearby springs. The north aisle was replaced in 1879. - In autumn 2009, eight new bells manufactured at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry were installed in the church by Whites Bellhangers, of Appleton, Oxon, who cleaned up the existing three bells and re-hung them on a new bell frame installed higher up in the steeple and connected them back to the clock to continue their chiming role. - The new eight bells are in the key of B, and the heaviest (Bell No 8) weighs 6 cwt 3 qtrs 16 lb. They are inscribed and dedicated as follows: - On Sunday, 11 October 2009, there was a Service of Consecration of the eight new bells. On Sunday, 15 November 2009, there was a Service of Dedication by Michael Harley, the Archdeacon of Winchester.[7][8] -",2023-08-26 18:15:57 -Zamęcin - Wikipedia,"Zamęcin [zaˈmɛnt͡ɕin] (German: Sammenthin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choszczno, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.[1] It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Choszczno (Arnswalde) and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin (Stettin). - For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. - -  WikiMiniAtlas53°7′N 15°22′E / 53.117°N 15.367°E / 53.117; 15.367 - - This Choszczno County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:00 -Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols - Wikipedia,"Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols is a Unicode block encoding characters used in Arabic mathematical expressions.[3] - The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block: -",2023-08-26 18:16:03 -Phase-fired controller - Wikipedia,"Phase-fired control (PFC), also called phase cutting or ""phase angle control"", is a method for power limiting, applied to AC voltages.[1] It works by modulating a thyristor, SCR, triac, thyratron, or other such gated diode-like devices into and out of conduction at a predetermined phase of the applied waveform.[2] - Phase-fired control (PFC) is often used to control the amount of voltage, current or power that a power supply feeds to its load. It does this to create an average value at its output. If the supply has a DC output, its time base is of no importance in deciding when to pulse the supply on or off, as the value that will be pulsed on and off is continuous. - PFC differs from pulse-width modulation (PWM) in that it addresses supplies that output a modulated waveform, such as the sinusoidal AC waveform that the national grid outputs. Here, it becomes important for the supply to pulse on and off at the correct position in the modulation cycle for a known value to be achieved; for example, the controller could turn on at the peak of a waveform or at its base if the cycle's time base were not taken into consideration. - Phase-fired controllers take their name from the fact that they trigger a pulse of output at a certain phase of the input's modulation cycle. In essence, a PFC is a controller that can synchronise itself with the modulation present at the input. - Most phase-fired controllers use thyristors or other solid-state switching devices as their control elements. Thyristor-based controllers may use gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors, allowing the controller to not only decide when to switch the output on but when to turn it off, rather than having to wait for the waveform to return to the next zero crossing. - A phase-fired controller, like a buck-topology switched-mode power supply, is only able to deliver an output voltage not exceeding its input, minus any losses occurring in the control elements themselves. Provided the modulation during each cycle is predictable or repetitive, as it is on the national grid's AC mains, to obtain an output lower than its input, a phase-fired control simply switches off for a given phase angle of the input's modulation cycle. By triggering the device into conduction at a phase angle greater than 0 degrees, a point after the modulation cycle starts, a fraction of the total energy within each cycle is present at the output. - To achieve a ""boost""-like effect, the PFC designs must be derated such that the maximum present at the input is higher than the nominal output requirements. When the supply is first turned on or operating under nominal conditions, the controller will continually be delivering less than 100% of its input. When a boost is required, the controller delivers a percentage closer to 100% of the maximum input available. - Derating of mains-powered phase-fired controllers is important as they are often used to control resistive loads, such as heating elements. Over time, the resistance of heating elements can increase. To account for this, a phase-fired control must be able to provide some degree of extra voltage to draw the same heating current through the element. The only way of achieving this is to purposely design the supply to require less than 100% of the input's modulation cycle when the elements are first put in place, progressively opening the supply up towards delivering 100% of the input modulation cycle as the elements age. - The most common application is in dimmer switches for domestic lighting control. - For industrial applications previously, extremely expensive and heavy multi-tapped transformers were used as the supplies for such elements, with the corresponding winding tap being connected to the element to produce the desired temperature. This limited the temperature resolution to the number of tap combinations available. They often find their way into controllers designed for equipment such as electric ovens and furnaces. - In modern, usually high-power, equipment, the transformer is replaced with phase-fired controllers connecting the load directly to the mains, resulting in a substantially cheaper and lighter system. However, the method is usually limited to use in equipment that would be unrealistic without it. This is because the removal of the mains transformer means that the load has electrical continuity with the input. For industrial ovens and furnaces the input is often the national grid AC, which is itself electrically referenced to ground. With the controller's output referenced to ground, a user need only be in contact with earth and one of the output terminals to risk receiving an electrical shock. With many high-power items of equipment running from three-phase 415 V[clarification needed], high-current inputs and having any enclosure or framework present earthed (grounded), this is a serious risk that must be carefully assessed. - The first patent for phase-fired controllers derives from 1912.[citation needed] However, realization was first possible in the 1920s, when mercury-arc valve rectifiers with control grids became available. -However, this method of voltage regulation was not common at the time, because of the limitations of mercury-arc valves. It became widespread with the invention of solid-state thyristors at the end of the 1950s. - Burst-fired controllers -",2023-08-26 18:16:06 -The Rom - Wikipedia," - The Rom is a Grade II listed skatepark in Hornchurch, East London, England. Built in 1978, and designed by Adrian Rolt of G-Force, it is the most completely preserved purpose-built skatepark in England. It is the first skatepark in Europe to achieve listed status and the second such structure worldwide. - It was built and opened in August 1978 and is named after the adjacent River Rom. It was designed by Adrian Rolt of G-Force.[1][2] Rolt is considered the leading skatepark designer of the 1970s. In 1979 John Greenwood took control of the Rom Skatepark and with the help of his business acumen, he has managed to keep the Rom open for skateboarders and BMXers until 2018. In 1979 Andy lomas showed up with a mongoose super goose after years of skating it and started the BMX skatepark revolution. - In 2014 it was given Grade II listed status becoming only the second skateboard park in the world to achieve preservation status after the Bro Bowl in Tampa, Florida.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The Bro Bowl has subsequently been demolished, 3D scanned and rebuilt in a different location of the same park area[9] meaning that Rom is the only heritage listed full size skatepark in existence. - A film about the history of the park - Rom Boys: 40 Years of Rad is currently on general release on major streaming platforms . [10] - The skatepark occupies an area of 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft). The central 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft) is surfaced in Shotcrete pressurised concrete.[1] - - This article about a London building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:10 -Myaing Gyi Ngu - Wikipedia,"Myaing Gyi Ngu (Burmese: မြိုင်ကြီးငူ) is a village in the Hpa-an District of Kayin State, Myanmar.[1] It is the location of an IDP camp[2] sheltering over 5,000 people.[3] - The late U Thuzana holds the title Myaing Gyi Ngu Sayadaw in the village.[4][5] - - This Kayin State location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:14 -"Jeffrey, Kentucky - Wikipedia","Jeffrey is an unincorporated community located near Peter/s Creek on Bethlehem Church Road, approximately eight miles (13 km) northwest of -Tompkinsville, Monroe County, Kentucky, United States. - A post office was first established here, March 10, 1903, in the home of postmaster and namesake, Payton J. Jeffrey/s (1865-1926), and his wife, Ella (Arterburn) Jeffrey/s, which was later moved to their general store.[2] Their daughter, Nola (Jeffrey/s) Simmons, was the last postmaster and one of the schoolteachers at the local rural school known as “Mud Slash” (1911-1967).[3] Jeffrey's post office was discontinued March 31, 1937. Payton Jeffrey/s also operated a water-powered turbine grist mill located across from his store on Peter/s Creek, succeeded by his son-in-law, George Simmons.[4][5] - Argil Black, Joe Bowman, William Joseph Burks, Finley Quinn, Leslie Samson, John Bedford Smith, and J. T. Turner were also merchants in this community. William T. Whitehead briefly operated a steam-powered sawmill on Kate Miller Branch of Peter/s Creek nearby. The Ulysses Quinn Family later operated another water-powered turbine grist mill on Peter/s Creek located at the intersection of Stringtown-Flippin Road and Bethlehem Church Road nearby.[2][6] - Jeffrey’s general stores and Mud Slash School and mills are gone. Fairview/Mud Slash Baptist Church (est. 1890) remains an active local congregation. - - This Monroe County, Kentucky state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:19 -Martyn Bedford - Wikipedia," -Martyn Bedford (born 1959) is a British novelist and literary critic. - He is an alumnus of the University of East Anglia.[1] - The first twelve years of Martyn Bedford's writing career were spent as a journalist on regional newspapers. -His initial book Acts of Revision won the Yorkshire Post “Best First Work” Award.[2] -He later became the director of the novel writing programme at the University of Manchester, and is fiction critic for the Literary Review.[3] -Currently, Bedford teaches the Creative Writing module at Leeds Trinity University.[4] - In 2008–10, he was Academic Writer-in-Residence, Royal Literary Fund Fellow.[1] -Bedford lives in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, with his wife and two daughters. - - This article about a British journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:22 -Tebela - Wikipedia," - Tebela (Geʽez: ጠበላ) or (Wolaita: Xabala) is a city in Wolaita, Ethiopia. Tebela is an administrative capital of Humbo woreda district of Wolayita Zone.[1] Tebela is located about 345 km away from Addis Ababa to the south. And also, Tebela is located 20 km, South from Sodo, the capital of Wolayita Zone. The coordinate point of the town in map is 6°42′24″N 37°46′10″E.[2] The amenities in the town are; 24 hours electricity, pure public water, banks, primary and secondary schools, postal service, telecommunications services health centre, private clinics, drugs store, public market, public road light around high ways, internal and town crossing asphalt roads and others. - Tebela is one of densely populated areas in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region. Total population of the town as conducted by central statistical agency of Ethiopia in 2020 is 16,019.[3] - This article about a location in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:26 -Proteinogenic amino acid - Wikipedia,"Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. The word ""proteinogenic"" means ""protein creating"". Throughout known life, there are 22 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids, 20 in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 (selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) that can be incorporated by special translation mechanisms.[1] - In contrast, non-proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are either not incorporated into proteins (like GABA, L-DOPA, or triiodothyronine), misincorporated in place of a genetically encoded amino acid, or not produced directly and in isolation by standard cellular machinery (like hydroxyproline). The latter often results from post-translational modification of proteins. Some non-proteinogenic amino acids are incorporated into nonribosomal peptides which are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. - Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes can incorporate selenocysteine into their proteins via a nucleotide sequence known as a SECIS element, which directs the cell to translate a nearby UGA codon as selenocysteine (UGA is normally a stop codon). In some methanogenic prokaryotes, the UAG codon (normally a stop codon) can also be translated to pyrrolysine.[2] - In eukaryotes, there are only 21 proteinogenic amino acids, the 20 of the standard genetic code, plus selenocysteine. Humans can synthesize 12 of these from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other nine must be consumed (usually as their protein derivatives), and so they are called essential amino acids. The essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (i.e. H, I, L, K, M, F, T, W, V).[3] - The proteinogenic amino acids have been found to be related to the set of amino acids that can be recognized by ribozyme autoaminoacylation systems.[4] Thus, non-proteinogenic amino acids would have been excluded by the contingent evolutionary success of nucleotide-based life forms. Other reasons have been offered to explain why certain specific non-proteinogenic amino acids are not generally incorporated into proteins; for example, ornithine and homoserine cyclize against the peptide backbone and fragment the protein with relatively short half-lives, while others are toxic because they can be mistakenly incorporated into proteins, such as the arginine analog canavanine. - The evolutionary selection of certain proteinogenic amino acids from the primordial soup has been suggested to be because of their better incorporation into a polypeptide chain as opposed to non-proteinogenic amino acids.[5] - The following illustrates the structures and abbreviations of the 21 amino acids that are directly encoded for protein synthesis by the genetic code of eukaryotes. The structures given below are standard chemical structures, not the typical zwitterion forms that exist in aqueous solutions. - L-Alanine(Ala / A) - L-Arginine(Arg / R) - L-Asparagine(Asn / N) - L-Aspartic acid(Asp / D) - L-Cysteine(Cys / C) - L-Glutamic acid(Glu / E) - L-Glutamine(Gln / Q) - Glycine(Gly / G) - L-Histidine(His / H) - L-Isoleucine(Ile / I) - L-Leucine(Leu / L) - L-Lysine(Lys / K) - L-Methionine(Met / M) - L-Phenylalanine(Phe / F) - L-Proline(Pro / P) - L-Serine(Ser / S) - L-Threonine(Thr / T) - L-Tryptophan(Trp / W) - L-Tyrosine(Tyr / Y) - L-Valine(Val / V) - IUPAC/IUBMB now also recommends standard abbreviations for the following two amino acids: - L-Selenocysteine(Sec / U) - L-Pyrrolysine(Pyl / O) - Following is a table listing the one-letter symbols, the three-letter symbols, and the chemical properties of the side chains of the standard amino acids. The masses listed are based on weighted averages of the elemental isotopes at their natural abundances. Forming a peptide bond results in elimination of a molecule of water. Therefore, the protein's mass is equal to the mass of amino acids the protein is composed of minus 18.01524 Da per peptide bond. - §: Values for Asp, Cys, Glu, His, Lys & Tyr were determined using the amino acid residue placed centrally in an alanine pentapeptide.[6] The value for Arg is from Pace et al. (2009).[7] The value for Sec is from Byun & Kang (2011).[8] - N.D.: The pKa value of Pyrrolysine has not been reported. - Note: The pKa value of an amino-acid residue in a small peptide is typically slightly different when it is inside a protein. Protein pKa calculations are sometimes used to calculate the change in the pKa value of an amino-acid residue in this situation. - * UAG is normally the amber stop codon, but in organisms containing the biological machinery encoded by the pylTSBCD cluster of genes the amino acid pyrrolysine will be incorporated.[9] -** UGA is normally the opal (or umber) stop codon, but encodes selenocysteine if a SECIS element is present. -† The stop codon is not an amino acid, but is included for completeness. -†† UAG and UGA do not always act as stop codons (see above). -‡ An essential amino acid cannot be synthesized in humans and must, therefore, be supplied in the diet. Conditionally essential amino acids are not normally required in the diet, but must be supplied exogenously to specific populations that do not synthesize it in adequate amounts. -& Occurrence of amino acids is based on 135 Archaea, 3775 Bacteria, 614 Eukaryota proteomes and human proteome (21 006 proteins) respectively.[10] - In mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins, knowledge of the masses of the residues is useful. The mass of the peptide or protein is the sum of the residue masses plus the mass of water (Monoisotopic mass = 18.01056 Da; average mass = 18.0153 Da). The residue masses are calculated from the tabulated chemical formulas and atomic weights.[11] In mass spectrometry, ions may also include one or more protons (Monoisotopic mass = 1.00728 Da; average mass* = 1.0074 Da). *Protons cannot have an average mass, this confusingly infers to Deuterons as a valid isotope, but they should be a different species (see Hydron (chemistry)) - § Monoisotopic mass - The table below lists the abundance of amino acids in E.coli cells and the metabolic cost (ATP) for synthesis of the amino acids. Negative numbers indicate the metabolic processes are energy favorable and do not cost net ATP of the cell.[12] The abundance of amino acids includes amino acids in free form and in polymerization form (proteins). - Amino acids can be classified according to the properties of their main products:[13] -",2023-08-26 18:16:29 -Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Bromley - Wikipedia,"This page is a list of the Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Bromley. - - -",2023-08-26 18:16:33 -ēlDLIVE - Wikipedia,"Ēldlive (Japanese: エルドライブ, Hepburn: Erudoraibu, stylized as ēlDLIVE) is a Japanese manga series by Akira Amano. It started serialization via Shueisha's online app Jump Live in August 2013, switching to the digital publication Shōnen Jump+ after it launched in September 2014. It has been collected in eleven tankōbon volumes. The first three chapters were published in English by Viz Media in 2014. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Pierrot aired between January and March 2017. - Chūta Kokonose is a middle school boy who has been able to hear a voice that no one else could hear for as long as he could remember. One day, a strange blue alien named Chips appeared and recruited him to the space police, ēlDLIVE because he fit the requirements. During his entrance test, he discovered the voice he hears actually comes from a small white alien living in his body who he later named Dolugh. Combining his power with Dolugh, he was able to complete his exam using a power called SPH (Space Pheromone), used only by aliens. Chūta, now an officer, along with his coworker and classmate, Misuzu Sonokata, and the rest of the Solar System Area station have to work together to protect the universe from dangerous criminals. - ēlDLIVE, written and illustrated by Akira Amano, began serialization on Shueisha's online app Jump Live on August 1, 2013;[10][11] it ran for two seasons before moving to Shueisha's new digital publication service Shōnen Jump+ on September 22, 2014.[12] The series finished on November 5, 2018.[13] Shueisha collected its chapters in eleven tankōbon volumes, released from December 4, 2013,[14] to January 4, 2019.[15] - Viz Media published the English translation of the first three chapters in their Weekly Shounen Jump publication from September to October 2014.[2][16] They released the volumes digitally from April 25, 2017,[17] to October 22, 2019.[18] - On May 30, 2014, a visual book titled Rebo to Dlive was released, featuring new and old illustrations from Amano's works, including ones from ēlDLIVE.[19] - An anime television series adaptation was announced for January 2017 and aired between January 8, 2017, and March 26, 2017.[29][30] The series was produced by Pierrot, and directed by Takeshi Furuta and Tomoya Tanaka, with scripts written by Toshimitsu Takeuchi, character designs by Han Seungah and Keiichirou Matsui, and music composed by Yasuharu Takanashi.[31] The opening theme is ""Our sympathy"" by female singer Alfakyun,[32] and the ending theme is ""Kimi no Koe ga..."" by the group The Super Ball.[33] Crunchyroll streamed the series.[34] Funimation streamed an English dub.[35] On the last day of 2016, the official website revealed the rough design for the new characters by Akira herself.[36] - The anime series' first episode received mixed reviews from Anime News Network's staff during the Winter 2017 season previews. Rebecca Silverman noted how the aesthetic of the episode, with its alien designs and story presentation, added to the basic shonen introduction that felt like a return to the fun Saturday morning cartoons of yesteryear. Nick Creamer criticized the first half for having stilted writing and the second half for revealing the show's ""fundamental blandness"" with a lackluster execution of its premise. Bamboo Dong said that the show would not have the longevity to be in the ""Annals of anime history,"" but gave praise to the overall throwback to '90s cartoons in both its character designs and ""sense of nostalgic excitement."" Paul Jensen expressed what both Silverman and Dong said about the Saturday morning cartoon quality of the series' episode, saying it will appeal to that kind of audience for a few episodes instead of the average ""late-night anime audience."" Theron Martin commended the visual style and technical transitions throughout the episode but was critical of the two main leads having generic personality traits.[1] - During its airing in February 2017, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department teamed up with ēlDLIVE to fight illegal employment which the posters had put up in some areas around February 2017.[37] - Allen Moody of THEM Anime Reviews said about the series overall: ""Hardly deep, but a terrific ride; fans of classic sci-fi should have a great time. It's flashy (even if, admittedly, often incredibly silly-though maybe that cheesiness is part of its charm), downright weird at times, and has a number of endearing cast members (and if we have issues with Misuzu's personality, at least her transformation looks impressive.) And it's got that ineffable quality of childlike innocence, in spite of its fanservice, which is a pretty good trick.""[38] -",2023-08-26 18:16:37 -Super Goal! 2 - Wikipedia,"Super Goal! 2, known in Japan as Takeda Nobuhiro no Super Cup Soccer (武田修宏のスーパーカップサッカー, ""Takeda Nobuhiro's Super Cup Soccer"") is an international soccer video game published by Jaleco for the Super NES/Super Famicom console. - The Japanese version allows players to compete for the Super Cup either with or against Takeda Nobuhiro, one of the greatest football players in all of Japan. There are teams from Europe, North America, Central America, Caribbean, South America, Africa, and Asia, Oceania. The North American release (published as part of the Goal! series) removed the references to Takeda. - This association football video game article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:40 -Tokusa Station - Wikipedia," - Tokusa Station (徳佐駅, Tokusa-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).[1] - Tokusa Station is served by the JR West Yamaguchi Line, and is located 49.9 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Shin-Yamaguchi. - The station consists of one ground-level island platform connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station building is staffed. - Tokusa Station was opened on 3 November 1918 when the Yamaguchi Line was extended from Mitani Station. With the privatization of the Japan National Railway (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan railway Company (JR West). - In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 65 passengers daily.[2] - Media related to Tokusa Station at Wikimedia Commons - This Yamaguchi Prefecture railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:16:44 -R57 (South Africa) - Wikipedia," - The R57 is a provincial route in South Africa that connects Vanderbijlpark with Phuthaditjhaba via Sasolburg, Heilbron and Reitz.[1] - The R57 begins at an intersection with the N1 Kroonvaal Toll Highway (East Southbound only) north-west of Vanderbijlpark. It begins by running south-south-east. After 5 kilometres, the R57 meets the R553 Golden Highway from Sebokeng, which marks its entrance into Vanderbijlpark. The R57 takes over the name Golden Highway from this junction southwards and makes up the border between the Muvhango Township & Vanderbijlpark Central. - From the R553 intersection, the R57 continues south-south-east for 4 kilometres to meet the R42 Road (Barrage Road) adjacent to Vaal Mall at a major junction. After this intersection, the R57 becomes a highway (dual carriageway; flying over roads with off-ramps at certain junctions) and continues southwards for 4 kilometres, through the south-western suburbs of Vanderbijlpark, to cross the Vaal River into the Free State province. - From the Vaal River crossing, it continues for another 3 kilometres, bypassing the Vaalpark suburb, to meet the R59 Sybrand van Niekerk Freeway at a major interchange north of Sasolburg Central. - From the R59 interchange, the R57 continues south-east as a highway (with off-ramps) for 9 kilometres, bypassing Sasolburg Central and the Zamdela suburb, up to its junction with the R82 Road from Vereeniging, Gauteng in the suburb of Coalbrook. It continues for another 3 kilometres south-east to meet a road to Deneysville (Vaal Dam) (connecting to the R549 and R716 roads). - From the junction with the road to Deneysville, the R57 continues southwards for 47 kilometres to the town of Heilbron. It bypasses Heilbron Central to the west before meeting the R34 Road. The R57 and the R34 are cosigned eastwards for 3 kilometres, meeting the southern terminus of the R723 Route and the northern terminus of the R725 Route, before the R57 becomes its own road southwards just south of Heilbron Central. From the R34 junction, the R57 continues south-south-east for 44 kilometres to the town of Petrus Steyn, where it meets the R707 Route at a staggered junction east of the town centre. - The R57 continues east-south-east for 33 kilometres to the town of Reitz. 3 kilometres before the Reitz City Centre, the R57 meets the R26 Road from Frankfort. After entering Reitz as Sarel Cilliers Street, the R57 continues by a left turn at Voortrekker Street and returns to facing southwards at the junction after 1st Street. - From Reitz, the R57 continues south-south-east for 38 kilometres to reach a junction with the R714 Route. The road continues for another 29 kilometres, through Afrikaskop, to the town of Kestell, where it meets the N5 Highway. It bypasses the town to the east and proceeds southwards for 24 kilometres to meet the R712 Road (accessed by an off-ramp) next to the University of the Free State Qwaqwa Campus, marking its entrance into Phuthaditjhaba. It proceeds as Mota Road to reach its end in the vicinity of Phuthaditjhaba at a junction with Mampoi Road. -",2023-08-26 18:16:49 -1951 Cork Senior Hurling Championship - Wikipedia," - The 1951 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 21 January 1951. The championship began on 8 April 1951 and ended on 7 October 1951. - Glen Rovers were the defending champions. - On 7 October 1951, Sarsfields won the championship following a 5–8 to 3–7 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final. This was their first championship title ever.[1] - Micka Brennan was the championship's top scorer with 9-01. - Promoted from the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship -",2023-08-26 18:16:52 -John Henry Goldfrap - Wikipedia,"John Henry Goldfrap (1879 – November 21, 1917) was an English-born journalist and author of boys' books, participating in the ""American series phenomenon"".[citation needed] He always wrote under pseudonyms. - John Goldfrap was a member of the staff of the Evening World. He was born in England, and worked first at San Francisco newspapers, and then came to New York in 1905.[citation needed] - In addition to his children's stories and newspaper work, Goldfrap wrote movie scripts.[citation needed] - Goldfrap died on November 21, 1917 at Seaside Hospital, Staten Island, from tuberculosis. He left a widow.[1][2][3] - Goldfrap wrote under various pen names, including ""Captain James Carson,"" ""Freemont B. Deering,"" ""Marvin West,"" ""Howard Payson,"" and ""Captain Wilbur Lawton"".[4] Under the latter name he wrote the 1915 film The Wonderful Adventure.[5] - Following is a list of his works under the respective pseudonyms. - Captain Wilbur Lawton - Lieutenant Howard Payson - Marvin West - Dexter J. Forrester - Freemont B. Deering -",2023-08-26 18:16:56 -Richard Ferrero - Wikipedia," - Richard Ferrero is a microbiologist. He is a senior research fellow of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases at the Hudson Institute, he also holds the position of senior scientist and head of the Gastrointestinal Infection and Inflammation Research Group.[1][2] - Ferrero studied at the University of New South Wales (Sydney). He studied microbiology and biochemistry from 1981 to 1984. He then completed his honours in 1985 and his Ph.D. of Microbiology in 1990. After the completion of his Ph.D., Ferrero moved to Paris and gained a postdoctoral position at the Pasteur Institute. At the Pasteur Institute, Ferrero was appointed to his tenured research position in the Département de Bactériologie et Mycologie.[1][2] - In 2004, Ferrero moved back to Australia and became a teaching/research appointment as a senior lecturer in the Department of Microbiology at Monash University. In 2009 he was recruited by the Hudson Institute of Medical Research where he is currently undertaking his research.[1][2] - Ferrero's main point of research is Helicobacter pylori, the cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. His findings in the field have led to important outcomes such as antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, vaccine development and innate immunology. His research has been published in over 100 works in books and peer-review journals, including Cell Host Microb., Gastroenterol., Immunity, mBio, PNAS USA, Nat Immunol. and Nat Rev Immunol. His work in Helicobacter pylori has been broad, covering various scientific disciplines such as microbial physiology and molecular pathogenesis. With his knowledge in the field, Ferrero has collaborated with and consulted for vaccine and pharmaceutical companies.[1][2][3] - Ferrero's other contributions to the scientific community include being on the editorial board of the journal Helicobacter. He has also helped on a Canadian Helicobacter pylori consensus panel which served to create a treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections in children and adolescents through evidence-based approaches. He also regularly reviews abstracts for major international conferences in both the fields of Helicobacter research and gastroenterology. He is also an international member of the scientific committee The International Workshop on Pathogenesis and Host Response in Helicobacter Infections. Ferrero has been awarded for his findings from multiple scientific and medical bodies. He is regularly invited to present his research both nationally and internationally at conferences.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 18:16:59 -Maffeis - Wikipedia,"Maffeis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:17:03 -A. V. Ragsdale - Wikipedia,"Amos Vincent Ragsdale (December 14, 1854 – April 3, 1912) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1891 to 1893,[1] representing Spokane County. Ragsdale was born in the village of Ragsdale in Lucas County, Iowa on December 14, 1854 and became a real estate broker and dealer after moving to Spokane around 1885.[2][3] - - This article about a politician from the state of Washington is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:07 -"Admiralty Powers, &c. Act 1865 - Wikipedia"," - The Admiralty Powers, &c. Act (28 & 29 Vict. c. 124.) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed in 1865.[1] It gained royal assent on 6 July 1865. - It made the admiral-superintendent of every dockyard a justice of the peace regardless of location with respect to specific offences, and of all matters relating to Her Majesty's Naval Service and her supply. - This gave them the authority to hear cases brought before him by the dockyard police (which were then the dockyard divisions of the Metropolitan Police). The rest of the Act dealt with punishments for forgery and impersonation of naval seamen (Sections 6 to 9) and clarified issues over the Board of Admiralty's involvement in legal actions (Sections 1–4). The final sections set up a reporting system for Orders in Council relating to the Act (Section 11), set 1 January 1866 as the latest date for the Act to come into effect (Section 10) and specified the Act's short title (Section 12). - Section 2 of the Act was repealed by the Crown Proceedings Act 1947[2] and the 1865 Act's Sections 6 to 9 (as well as the phrase ""of all the offences specified in this Act, and"" in its Section 5) were repealed by the Theft Act 1968[3] The rest of the Act has also been repealed. - This legislation in the United Kingdom, or its constituent jurisdictions, article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:10 -Aliabad-e Baran Duz - Wikipedia,"Aliabad-e Baran Duz (Persian: علي ابادباراندوز, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Bārān Dūz; also known as ‘Alīābād)[1] is a village in Baranduz Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 341, in 87 families.[2] - - This Urmia County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:14 -2018 William Jones Cup - Wikipedia,"The 2018 William Jones Cup was the 40th staging of William Jones Cup, an international basketball tournament held in New Taipei City, Taiwan. - The men's tournament was held from 14–22 July 2018 with 11 teams participating.[1] The women's tournament was held from 25–29 July 2018 and was contested by six teams.[2] Both tournaments were held at the Xinzhuang Gymnasium in New Taipei City and followed a single round robin format.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 18:17:17 -1945–46 Italian Football Championship - Wikipedia,"The 1945–46 Italian Football Championship, officially known as 1945–46 Divisione Nazionale, was the first tournament held after World War II. Wartime disruptions and US occupation of Northern Italy forced to divide the Serie A championship in two sections, North and South. Some of the Southern sides that took part to the competition were the Serie B teams. The title was won by Torino after a final national round. - Campionato Alta Italia Serie A - Just after the Allied disbandment of the fascist Higher Directory, the major clubs from US-occupied Northern Italy replaced it by a provisional football league, the High Italy League (Lega Alta Italia), which organized the local section of the Serie A. - Modena and Brescia had been promoted from Serie B. - Sampierdarenese and Andrea Doria reborn from Liguria and both joined this championship as FIGC special guests to repair their forced fusion by the fascist government in 1927. - - Played in Bologna on April 21. - Played in Modena on April 24. - Campionato Centro-Sud Serie A-B - Bari had been relegated to Serie B but the FIGC annulled the move for wartime reasons. - Palermo had been relegated to Serie C but the FIGC annulled the move for wartime reasons. - Salernitana had been promoted from Serie C. - Pisa was granted of a special break for its huge wartime damages. MATER had been disbanded. - -",2023-08-26 18:17:21 -2009–10 UEFA Europa League knockout phase - Wikipedia,"The knockout phase of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League began on 18 February, and concluded with the final at the Volksparkstadion in Hamburg, Germany on 12 May 2010.[1] The knockout phase involved the 24 teams that finished in the top two in each group in the group stage and the eight teams that finished in third place in the UEFA Champions League group stage.[1] - Each tie in the knockout phase, apart from the final, was played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that had the higher aggregate score over the two legs progressed to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finished level, the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progressed. If away goals were also equal, 30 minutes of extra time were played. If goals were scored during extra time and the aggregate score was still level, the visiting team qualified by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals were scored during extra time, there would be a penalty shootout after extra time. - In the final, the tie was played over just one leg at a neutral venue. If scores were level at the end of normal time in the final, extra time would be played, followed by penalties if scores remained tied. - All times CET/CEST - The draw for the Round of 32 took place on 18 December 2009, and featured the top two teams from each group in the group stage and the eight third-place finishers from the UEFA Champions League group stage. - The first legs of the first knockout round were played on 18 February 2010, while the second legs were played on 25 February. - Benfica won 5–1 on aggregate. - Anderlecht won 5–1 on aggregate. - Marseille won 6–2 on aggregate. - Panathinaikos won 6–4 on aggregate. - Atlético Madrid won 3–2 on aggregate. - Fulham won 3–2 on aggregate. - Liverpool won 4–1 on aggregate. - 3–3 on aggregate; Hamburg won on away goals. - Wolfsburg won 6–3 on aggregate. - Standard Liège won 3–2 on aggregate. - Werder Bremen won 4–2 on aggregate. - Lille won 3–2 on aggregate. - Sporting CP won 4–2 on aggregate. - Juventus won 2–1 on aggregate. - Valencia won 3–1 on aggregate. - Rubin Kazan won 3–0 on aggregate. - The draw for the Round of 16 took place on 18 December 2009, after the Round of 32 draw. - Fulham won 5–4 on aggregate. - 5–5 on aggregate; Valencia won on away goals. - Benfica won 3–2 on aggregate. - Standard Liège won 4–1 on aggregate. - Liverpool won 3–1 on aggregate. - 2–2 on aggregate; Atlético Madrid won on away goals. - Hamburg won 6–5 on aggregate. - Wolfsburg won 3–2 on aggregate. - The eight winners from the first knockout round were drawn into four pairs of home-and-away matches. The first legs were played on 1 April 2010, and the second legs were played on 8 April 2010.[3] The draw is made regardless of association or previous group status. - Fulham won 3–1 on aggregate. - Hamburg won 5–2 on aggregate. - 2–2 on aggregate; Atlético Madrid won on away goals. - Liverpool won 5–3 on aggregate. - The four quarter-final winners were drawn into two pairs of home-and-away matches. The first legs were played on 22 April 2010, with the second legs on 29 April 2010.[3] - Fulham won 2–1 on aggregate. - 2–2 on aggregate; Atlético Madrid won on away goals. - The final took place on 12 May 2010 at the Volksparkstadion in Hamburg, Germany. -",2023-08-26 18:17:25 -Energy autarkic/autonomic habitats - Wikipedia,"Autarky can be defined as the quality of being self-sufficient, thus energy-autarkic habitats are human dwellings which are independent concerning energy consumption for living. This may be based on resource efficiency, choice of building materials, living space, and so forth. Autonomic habitats are similar but reflect the fact that the person desires to act morally solely for the sake of doing ""good"", independently of other incentives. Subsistence agriculture can be considered a form of autarkic living. With the advent of industrialization networks for energy were set up, which led to dependency, but made life easier in many respects. Autarkic living can be seen as a trend ""back to the roots"": using renewable energy and being independent of coal, gas and oil. - There are several historical examples of habitats that could be considered autarkic, including: Stone Age caves/shelters/huts, mountain cabins, Bedouin tents, and Inuit igloos. - Even in antic times people thought of energy-efficient living and tried to optimise their conditions. -By orientation to the winter sun to get as much sunrays as possible for heating up the building and less exposure to the winter wind, protection from the summer sun to achieve the different effect and ventilation by the summer wind, compact forms with less surface.[1] - An Igloo is a habitat with a compact form that has little surface (compare the low energy form of a drop of water; compare the optimised relation of volume to surface of a ball or globe). This results in less exposure to the wind and reduces hence the cooling of the building. The igloo contains an airtight shell which again assists to keep the temperature inside constant. Concerning heating there is relatively small volume to heat (as mentioned above; volume-surface-ratio).[2] - A peat house provides, similar to the igloo, a compact form with less surface and hence less exposure to the wind. It also shows a nearly airtight shell with good heat insulation (peat). An optimised orientation to the sun adds additional degrees during the day.[3] - Log houses have the same advantages as mentioned above. The material wood offers also a good heat insulation and a good airtightness can be reached by filling the gaps with moss and clay.[3] - Monte Rosa Cabins[4] mark a milestone in high alpine building presenting a high degree of energy autarky of over 90%, meaning that 90% of needed energy is obtained locally from renewable sources. The technical systems are based on existing technology (combined heat and power unit, photovoltaics, thermal collectors), innovative wastewater treatment (the wastewater is going to be purified on-site to be reused as greywater) and foremost an ingenious energy management, which takes into account external conditions such as weather forecast and anticipated occupancy schedules to achieve the demanding goal of the high degree of autarky. - The basis for Mikrohaus[5] is a 8,80 × 3,44 × 3,25 m cube that allows as kind of modular assembly system to combine several of them and hence to generate a flexibility in the size. The cube(s) don’t have any fundament (only screws of 1,40 m length) which allows some kind of mobile living. No cement and therefore time for drying is requisite. Additional floats allow also an installation on water. The building offers a high isolation up to passive house including e.g. photovoltaic (PV) energy supply. -The cubical form allows a good ratio from volume to surface. -The concept includes waste water treatment for greywater via wastewater treatment plant with an ultraviolet light (UV) treatment unit for sanitary water. -Additional planted walls (www.gruenwand.at) are used outside (for cooling/summer, isolation/winter, noise prevention) and inside (for climate and humidity aspects) which also are used as water-filters as kind of biological purification plant. - Autarc homes[6] provides the 1st swimming passive-house worldwide and was originated to provide clients autarkic buildings on the basis of a protective handling of our natural resources to present the following generations a working basis of life. -The swimming and rotatable passiv-house has its own on-board energy generation, water supply and disposal. -The idea is to provide a sustainable, energy-efficient, environmentally compatible and affordable living space. The building can be orientated at the sun to get the most possible effect out of it. As this building is located on water the rotation process is done very energy-efficient. -The tasks are decentralized energy supply and storage, decentralized effluent disposal and recycling/ reprocessing and drinking water supply. - Life on our planet is a permanent energy flow between living things and the environment. Most of the currently used energy resources, such as oil, coal, natural gas and uranium are non-renewable. The supply of them buried in the earth is limited and (with the exception of uranium) we are using them up at a rapid pace. -Renewable energy resources such as Solar energy, wind energy, small hydroelectricity (e.g. Swimming hydroelectric power plant[7]), geothermal energy and biomass fuels are becoming increasingly attractive. Solar, Photovoltaics, water and wind energy do not send pollutants into the air as occurs with coal and petroleum energy.[8] - Hydrogen storage (storage by hydrogen)[9] -The objectives are to store H2 in solid metal hydrides from which it can be readily recovered by heating which is an alternative and safe, highly volume efficient storage method. The final aim is to provide a storage technology that is attractive both economically and environmentally. -",2023-08-26 18:17:28 -Stripboard - Wikipedia,"Stripboard is the generic name for a widely used type of electronics prototyping material for circuit boards characterized by a pre-formed 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) regular (rectangular) grid of holes, with wide parallel strips of copper cladding running in one direction all the way across one side of on an insulating bonded paper board. It is commonly also known by the name of the original product Veroboard, which is a trademark, in the UK, of British company Vero Technologies Ltd and Canadian company Pixel Print Ltd. It was originated and developed in the early 1960s by the Electronics Department of Vero Precision Engineering Ltd (VPE). It was introduced as a general-purpose material for use in constructing electronic circuits - differing from purpose-designed printed circuit boards (PCBs) in that a variety of electronics circuits may be constructed using a standard wiring board.[citation needed] - In using the board, breaks are made in the tracks, usually around holes, to divide the strips into multiple electrical nodes. With care, it is possible to break between holes to allow for components that have two pin rows only one position apart such as twin row headers for IDCs. - Stripboard is not designed for surface-mount components, though it is possible to mount many such components on the track side, particularly if tracks are cut/shaped with a knife or small cutting disc in a rotary tool. - The first single-size Veroboard product was the forerunner of the numerous types of prototype wiring board which, with worldwide use over five decades, have become known as stripboard.[citation needed] - The generic terms 'veroboard' and 'stripboard' are now taken to be synonymous.[citation needed] - By the mid-1950s, the printed circuit board (PCB) had become commonplace in electronics production.[1] - In early 1959, the VPE Electronics Department was formed when managing director Geoffrey Verdon-Roe hired two former Saunders-Roe Ltd employees, Peter H Winter (aircraft design department) and Terry Fitzpatrick (electronics division).[citation needed] - After the failure of a project to develop machine tool control equipment, the department remained operative as a result of success with the invention and development of the new material.[citation needed] - New equipment using PCBs was displayed at the 1959 Radio and Electronics Components Manufacturers Federation (RECMF) Exhibition held in The Dorchester Hotel, Park Lane, London.[2] - The usual configuration for most of the PCBs of that time had components placed in a regular pattern with the circuit formed by maze-like conductive pathways. An interesting alternative, proposed by Fitzpatrick after visiting the RECMF Exhibition on behalf of VPE, envisaged a standard circuit board carrying straight-line conductors on which the components could be suitably dispersed and connected to the conductors to produce the required circuit.[citation needed] - A patent application was immediately filed 25 May 1959[3] and the invention was developed for Vero by associates Winter, Fitzpatrick and machine shop engineers. - The advent of the Arduino integrated development environment, designed to introduce computer programming to newcomers unfamiliar with software development, presents a new opportunity to use Veroboard.[4] Arduino development regularly involves the use of 'shields', which plug into the main Arduino board using standard 0.1 in header connections and carry project-specific I/O hardware. However the Arduino design makes this difficult, as one of the four header sockets is offset from the 0.1 in spacing of the others by 0.05 in. - The British company Vero Technologies Ltd currently holds the UK trademark for Veroboard.[5] In the Americas the Veroboard trademark is now held by the Canadian company Pixel Print Ltd. of Vancouver.[6] - Stripboard holes are drilled on 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) centers. This spacing allows components having pins with a 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) spacing to be inserted. Compatible parts include DIP ICs, sockets for ICs, some types of connectors, and other devices. - Stripboards have evolved over time into several variants and related products. For example, a larger version using a 0.15 inch (3.81 mm) grid and larger holes is available, but is generally less popular (presumably because it does not match up with standard IC pin spacing). - Stripboard is available in a variety of sizes. One common size (at least in the United Kingdom) is 160 mm x 100 mm.[7] - The components are usually placed on the plain side of the board, with their leads protruding through the holes. The leads are then soldered to the copper tracks on the other side of the board to make the desired connections, and any excess wire is cut off. The continuous tracks may be easily and neatly cut as desired to form breaks between conductors using a 3 mm twist drill, a hand cutter made for the purpose, or a knife. Tracks may be linked up on either side of the board using wire. With practice, very neat and reliable assemblies can be created, though such a method is labour-intensive and therefore unsuitable for production assemblies except in very small quantity. - External wire connections to the board are made either by soldering the wires through the holes or, for wires too thick to pass through the holes, by soldering them to specially made pins called Veropins which fit tightly into the holes. Alternatively, some types of connectors have a suitable pin spacing to be inserted directly into the board. - Production of the proposed new product, Veroboard, was undertaken by the VPE machine tool department.[citation needed] - Bought-in sheets of 1.6 mm (0.06 in) copper-clad SRBP printed circuit material were cut to give 122 mm x 456 mm (4.8 in x 18 in) size boards with the individual boards then being machined to form the final product according to the original Veroboard specification. A multiple milling cutter tool, which comprised a bank of side-and-face cutters with suitably shaped cutting teeth, was fabricated, to be used in removing part of the bonded copper on each board leaving 21 conductive strips.[8] - For a second operation a special tool with 63 hardened punch bits 1.35 mm (0.052 in) in diameter mounted on a solid base block was constructed to repeat-punch a matrix of holes, on 0.2 in (5.1 mm) spacing, through the copper strips and the base board.[citation needed] - Many dimensional, material quality, and tooling problems were encountered before finished boards of acceptable quality could be produced in quantity. These machining problems were encountered due to the non-availability, in 1960, of advanced printed circuit board milling and drilling techniques or facilities for chemical milling (etching) the copper strips.[citation needed] - In 1961, as production rates improved with experience, Vero Electronics Ltd was formed as a separate company to market the increasing sales of Veroboard.[citation needed] - As with other stripboards, in using Veroboard, components are suitably positioned and soldered to the conductors to form the required circuit. Breaks can be made in the tracks, usually around holes, to divide the strips into multiple electrical nodes enabling increased circuit complexity. - This type of wiring board may be used for initial electronic circuit development, to construct prototypes for bench testing or in the production of complete electronic units in small quantity.[citation needed] - Veroboard was first used for prototype construction within Vero Electronics Department in 1961. The images of a binary decade counter sub-unit clearly show both the assembled components and the copper conductors with the required discontinuities.[citation needed] - A number of these sub-units were interconnected through connectors mounted on a motherboard similar to that shown in the Veroboard Display image and comprised a very early PCB-based backplane system. Each sub-unit had a digital capacity equivalent to 1/2 byte of data storage - i.e. 2,000,000 would be required to store 1 megabyte.[citation needed] - Two forms of Veroboard are produced with hole pitch of 2.54 mm (0.1 in) or 3.5 mm (0.15 in). The larger pitch is and was considered easier to assemble, especially at a time when many constructors were still more familiar with valves and tag strips.[citation needed] - The increasingly popular integrated circuits in dual in-line packages would only fit the 0.1 boards. Very soon 0.1 pitch became by far the dominant form. Integrated circuits and the common layout of short parallel strips protruding from the sides of an IC package encouraged the development of specialist boards such as Verostrip. This was a long, thin board with the copper strips arranged transversely, rather than the usual lengthwise. A ready-cut central gap was provided to isolate the sides of the IC.[citation needed] - A 1979 Vero Electronics Ltd production drawing shows a special Veroboard product made for RS Components Ltd.[9] The versatility of the veroboard/stripboard type of product is demonstrated by the large number of design examples currently (2013-07) to be found on the Internet.[10] - Stripboard is available from many vendors. All versions have copper strips on one side. Some are made using printed circuit board etching and drilling techniques, although some have milled strips and punched holes. The original Veroboard used FR-2 synthetic-resin-bonded paper (SRBP) (also known as phenolic board) as the base board material. Some versions of stripboard now use higher quality FR-4 (fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate) material.[11] - For high density prototyping, especially of digital circuits, wire wrap is faster and more reliable than Stripboard for experienced personnel.[12] - Veroboard is similar in concept and usage to a plug-in breadboard, but is cheaper and more permanent—connections are soldered and while some limited reuse may be possible, more than a few cycles of soldering and desoldering are likely to render both the components and the board unusable. In contrast, breadboard connections are held by friction, and the breadboard can be reused many times. However, a breadboard is not very suitable for prototyping that needs to remain in a set configuration for an appreciable period of time nor for physical mock-ups containing a working circuit or for any environment subject to vibration or movement. - Stripboards have further evolved into a larger class of prototype boards, available in different shapes and sizes, with different conductive trace layouts. - For example, one variant is called a TriPad board. This is similar to stripboard, except that the conductive tracks do not run continuously along the board but are broken into sections, each of which spans three holes. This allows the legs of two or three components to be easily linked together in the circuit conveniently without the need for track breaks to be made. However, in order to link more than three holes together, wire links or bridges must be formed and this can result in a less compact layout than is possible with ordinary stripboard. - Another variant is Perf+.[13] This is best described as a selective stripboard. Instead of having all the holes connected together in a strip, a Perf+ board can have holes connected to the bus using a small dab of solder. On the other side the busses run in another direction, allowing compact layouts of complicated circuits by passing signals over each other on different layers of the board. - Other prototype board variants have generic layouts to simplify building prototypes with integrated circuits, typically in DIP shapes, or with transistors (pads forming triangles). In particular, some boards mimic the layout of breadboards, to simplify moving a non-permanent prototype on a breadboard to a permanent construction on a PCB. Some types of boards have patterns for connectors on the periphery, like DB9 or IDC headers, to allow connectors with non-standard pin spacings to be easily used.[14] Some come in special physical shapes, to be used to prototype plug-in boards for computer bus systems. -",2023-08-26 18:17:31 -Cyperus remotispicatus - Wikipedia," - Cyperus remotispicatus is a species of sedge that is native to western parts of tropical Africa.[1] - This Cyperus article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:34 -Dead Bang - Wikipedia,"Dead Bang is a 1989 American action thriller film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Don Johnson, Penelope Ann Miller, William Forsythe, Bob Balaban, and Tim Reid. Johnson's character, based on real-life LASD Detective Jerry Beck, tracks the killer of a Los Angeles County Sheriff's Deputy and uncovers a plot involving hate literature, white supremacist militias and arms trafficking. - On Christmas Eve in Los Angeles, a dispatched LASD Sheriff is shot dead by an armed robber, who early on robbed a convenience store and also killed its African-American owner. The alcoholic, hard-driven LASD Detective Jerry Beck is tasked with the investigation. While examining police records he comes across a person of interest named Bobby Burns, who has recently been paroled from a four-year robbery sentence. He and a parole officer go to Burns' home only to find his college student brother, John, who claims he has not seen Burns and is only staying for the holidays. A man suddenly flees the house and Beck captures him after a chase on foot; he turns out to be one of Burns' friend who is also on parole from committing armed robbery. The man tells Beck that he last saw Burns driving a maroon Ford Ranch Wagon en route to Bakersfield. - In Cottonwood, Arizona, Burns and his men rob a Mexican bar and kill its patrons. A local police chief informs Beck of the crime and he immediately leaves for Arizona. Beck and the chief head to a ranch alleged to be Burns' hideout, where Burns and his men attack the officers by firing automatic weapons; they escape driving the Ford. Beck retrieves a cache of documents Burns dropped, which contains white supremacy propaganda, maps, and an address book. Beck leaves for Bogan, Oklahoma, to track down one of the people listed in the book, Reverend Gebhardt, who is the leader of the religious white supremacist organization Aryan Nations. Beck is joined by FBI Agent Kressler and they head to Gebhardt's church, where Gebhardt reveals the entity's aim of cleansing America of its ""racial impurities"", and denies having seen Burns before. Burns, though, has been hiding near the church and casing the place. - That night, Burns springs on Beck while driving his car and holds him at gunpoint. As Burns prepares to shoot him, Beck crashes his car into an oncoming police vehicle to escape. During a gunfight, Beck lights a matchbook and sets a car leaking gas on fire, causing Burns to escape with his men after an explosion. Back in Los Angeles, Beck's superiors have become frustrated over his performance on the force due in part to his alcoholism and uncouth behavior. They recommend he undergo a psychiatric analysis; after the session, though, Beck threatens the psychiatrist into letting him pass the evaluation. A phone call later that day informs him that he is now fit for duty. - In Boulder, Colorado, he meets Police Captain Dixon, who entrusts his team of black men on the force to track Burns. Along with Kressler, he and Dixon head to a paramilitary training camp which is owned by the Aryan Nations, and ambush Gebhardt and the other members. His search for Burns yields no results, which causes hostility between him and Kressler. Beck, though, discovers a concealed door that leads to a bunker. A gunfight ensues between him and Burns; Beck shoots and fatally wounds him. As he lay dying, Burns reveals that he did not kill the Los Angeles cop. John emerges from behind and, as he prepares to shoot Beck and Kressler, confesses that it was he who shot the cop to show his brother that he shared his contempt against the police and fidelity to white supremacy. Beck hurls John insults about his brother, and John reciprocates by opening fire at him. When John runs out of bullets and springs from cover, Beck shoots him dead. - At a press conference, Dixon informs that the FBI will be revising its position on white supremacy groups, and he credits Kressler with the success of the investigation owing to the evidence the agent gathered. Outside, Dixon and Beck befriend one another and go their separate ways. - ""Jerome Beck"" is listed in the film's closing credits as walk-on character Detective John, and also as the film's technical police advisor. Beck was a Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department detective who sold the film rights to his life to Frankenheimer after meeting him.[3] Don Johnson later recalled: - That was amazing, because it was a real-life character. It was an actual cop, and he wrote the script. John Frankenheimer was the director... and I was excited to work with him. Jerry was a homicide cop in L.A., and he had curly hair, so I permed my hair, which was a, uh, very interesting choice. Because I kind of looked like a… It's kind of odd. I don't really know how to describe it. I don't know if you know a lot about perms, but if you do them, they relax after about two or three weeks. So my hair goes through these amazing transitions of being really tight and really wavy and sort of goofy-looking. [Laughs.][4] According to director Frankenheimer, Connie Sellecca was originally chosen for the part that went to Penelope Ann Miller. Johnson refused to work with Sellecca, so she was fired and paid off.[5] - Production was designed by Ken Adam. Director of Photography was Gerry Fisher. Music was by Gary Chang. - Principal photography began on April 14, 1988, in Alberta. Shooting locations included Calgary, Drumheller, and High River. The final three weeks of filming took place in Los Angeles.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:17:38 -Shakes the Clown - Wikipedia," - Shakes the Clown is a 1991 American black comedy film[2] directed and written by Bobcat Goldthwait, who performs the title role. It also features Julie Brown, Blake Clark, Paul Dooley, Kathy Griffin, Florence Henderson, Tom Kenny, Adam Sandler, Scott Herriott, LaWanda Page, Jack Gallagher, and a cameo by Robin Williams as Mime Jerry using the pseudonym ""Marty Fromage"". - The film is a satire of performance art and portrays different communities of clowns and other performers as clannish, rivalrous subcultures obsessed with precedence and status. Goldthwait made the film as a satire of the dysfunctional standup comedy circuit at the time he was first starting out as an entertainer.[3] When the film was first released, it was widely panned, but in recent years, reaction has become more favorable, largely due to how the film handled the serious topic of alcoholism. Shakes the Clown has since become a cult classic.[4][5] - In the fictional town of Palukaville, Shakes is a good natured but depressed and alcoholic birthday-party clown. After his father died, Shakes was raised by his father's friend, Owen Cheese, who gave Shakes his job as a clown and owns the local clown bar, the Twisted Balloon. Shakes is excited because he auditioned to be the host of a children's clown show on television called the Big Time Cartoon Circus, after its original host, Peppy, was fired for sexual harassment. Shakes falls deeper into his depression when he learns that he has been passed over for the position in favor of Binky, a cocaine-addicted clown who is a neurotic and vindictive sexual predator and psychopath. - Shakes's clown friends, Dink and Stenchy are concerned that he drinks too much and often encourage him to quit. On top of that, his alcoholism is damaging his relationship with his girlfriend Judy, a waitress in the Twisted Balloon and an aspiring professional bowler. Shakes continually denies the extent of his alcoholism until Cheese finally orders Shakes to sober up, or be fired. Shakes wants to make his father figure proud and is able to get through alcohol withdrawals, and for a time, seems to be doing well. However, Shakes suffers a relapse at a birthday party and trashes the house in a drunken rampage until he is knocked out by the child's mother. - Shakes returns to the bar later that night, where Cheese angrily fires him for upsetting the party guests. Ashamed and heavily intoxicated, Shakes goes into the back room and passes out. Judy, Dink and Stenchy are able to convince Cheese to give Shakes another chance, and when he attempts to find Shakes, he instead comes across Binky, his sad clown friends, HoHo and Boots, and some rodeo clowns, Ty and Randi, doing cocaine. Cheese is angered that they would be selling and doing drugs in his bar, and a panicked Binky beats him to death with Shakes' juggling club in a fit of rage. Shocked, Binky frames Shakes for the murder. - Shakes goes on the run. Convinced of his innocence, Judy, Dink and Stenchy decide to help Shakes clear his name. Until he can find the truth, Shakes goes into hiding, posing as a hated mime in a class taught by the domineering Jerry the Mime. Shakes is concerned deep down that he may have actually committed the murder while blacked out and forgot. Later, Shakes, Dink and Stenchy go to a rodeo clown bar called the Broken Saddle, where they learn from the rodeo clowns that Cheese was actually murdered by Binky. Meanwhile, Binky attempts to seduce Judy, who again rebuffs his advances. Binky again gets nervous and accidentally admits to Cheese's murder. Binky knows that he cannot let Judy leave with this information, so he kidnaps her and takes her to the studio where he attempts to kill her live on the air with throwing knives to make it look like an accident. - The rodeo clowns are arrested for their involvement, and Shakes, Dink and Stenchy fight Boots and HoHo, which ends with one of the clowns shooting Shakes. Shakes survives, as his flask stopped the bullet. Shakes, Dink and Stenchy arrive at the studio and fight Binky just in time to save Judy, and Binky is arrested for his crimes. Grateful that he saved her life, Judy gets back together with Shakes, and he promises her that he will stop drinking. Some time passes, and Shakes is shown attending an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, sharing with the others that he is still sober and is proud of his accomplishment. With Binky in jail, Shakes is now the new host of the TV show, which proves to be a big hit with children. Shakes, Dink and Stenchy are the stars of the show and entertain the audience by chasing Jerry the Mime. - Shakes the Clown was not a financial success, earning an estimated $115,103 in ticket sales against an estimated budget of $1.4 million.[1] - Critical reaction to the movie was mixed: Leonard Maltin gave it his lowest rating, while Betsy Sherman of The Boston Globe called it ""the Citizen Kane of alcoholic clown movies"".[6] Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, writing that while some isolated scenes were ""very funny"" the plot was scattered and the performances often seemed under-rehearsed.[7] The film has a 43% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 21 reviews, with the consensus; ""Shakes the Clown has a handful of memorable moments, but they're scattered in a movie whose best ideas were left undeveloped on their way to the screen.""[8] - The film was nominated for Worst Picture at the 1991 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards but lost to Nothing but Trouble.[9] - In an interview with Conan O'Brien, Goldthwait revealed that Martin Scorsese had defended the movie from detractors. When a film critic derided the movie in order to make a point about good and bad movies, Scorsese revealed, ""I like Shakes the Clown. Haven't you heard? It's the Citizen Kane of Alcoholic Clown Movies!""[10] -",2023-08-26 18:17:42 -Lastreopsis subrecedens - Wikipedia," - Lastreopsis subrecedens is a species of fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. - - This Dryopteridaceae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:46 -Joo Dai-min - Wikipedia," - Joo Dai-min or Dai Min Joo (born 21 January 1988) is a South Korean professional footballer. He currently plays in Thailandfor Nongbua Pitchaya,[3] and has played in the Thai Premier League and the Thai Division 1 League. - - This biographical article related to a South Korean association football defender is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:49 -Daniel Loper - Wikipedia,"Daniel Robert Loper (born January 15, 1982) is a former American football guard. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the fifth round of the 2005 NFL Draft.[1] He played college football at Texas Tech. He last played for the Dallas Cowboys. - He played high school football at Episcopal High School in Houston, Texas. - Loper was signed by the Detroit Lions as a free agent prior to the 2009 season.[2] - Loper was released by the Lions on April 15, 2010. - Loper signed with the Oakland Raiders on May 16, 2010. - Loper was signed by the Dallas Cowboys on October 18, 2011. He was re-signed on August 3, 2012. Loper was released on September 1, 2012 with an injury settlement. -",2023-08-26 18:17:52 -Ben-Ami Shillony - Wikipedia,"Ben-Ami Shillony (born October 28, 1937 (?), Poland) is professor emeritus of Japanese history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[1][2][3][4] - His wife, until her death, was Lena Shillony [he], professor emerita of French literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. - This biographical article about an Israeli historian is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a Japanese historian or genealogist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:17:56 -Morten Østergaard - Wikipedia,"Morten Østergaard (born 17 June 1976 in Aarhus) is a Danish politician who served as Denmark's Minister for Economic and Interior Affairs from 2 September 2014 to 28 June 2015. Leader of the Danish Social Liberal Party from September 2014 to October 2020, he was a member of the Folketing from 2005 to 2021. He was furthermore Minister for Research, Innovation and Higher Education from 2011 to 2014 and for a short term in 2014 also Minister for Taxation.[1] - He holds a master's degree in political science from the University of Aarhus.[2] - Østergaard was vice-chairman of the party from 2002 to 2005 and has been a member of parliament since the 2005 election.[2] - Following the announcement on 31 August 2014 that Margrethe Vestager is to become Denmark's EU Commissioner, Østergaard was elected leader of the Danish Social Liberal Party and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Denmark, as well as Minister of the Interior. On October 7, 2020, Østergaard resigned as the leader of the Danish Social Liberal Party due to inappropriate sexual behaviour towards fellow Social Liberal MP Lotte Rod.[3] - This article about a Danish politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:02 -Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji - Wikipedia,"Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji (ダウンタウンのごっつええ感じ, roughly ""Downtown's Feeling Real Good""), was a Japanese variety show. It premiered on December 8, 1991 and ended its run on November 2, 1997. It aired on Fuji TV every Sunday night. Hosted by the comedy duo Downtown (consisting of Masatoshi Hamada and Hitoshi Matsumoto), it had several other actors and comedians in its regular cast, including You, Koji Imada, Koji Higashino, Itsuji Itao, Ryoko Shinohara and Honkon (Takahiro Kurano). - Like most other Japanese variety shows, it featured guest interviews and games, but it is best known and remembered for its sketch comedy. Downtown and other cast members would dress in costumes and perform absurd skits with bizarre characters. -",2023-08-26 18:18:05 -FC Puuma Tallinn - Wikipedia,"FC Puuma Tallinn is an Estonian football club based in Tallinn and was founded in 1981.[1] - Football Club Puuma (Estonian: Jalgpalliklubi ""Puuma"") was founded in October 1981 in Tallinn. -",2023-08-26 18:18:09 -Cuttoli-Corticchiato - Wikipedia," - Cuttoli-Corticchiato (French pronunciation: ​[kutɔli kɔʁtikjato]; Corsican: Cuttuli è Curtichjatu) is a commune in the Corse-du-Sud department of France on the island of Corsica. - - This Corse-du-Sud geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:13 -Par Selo Gornje - Wikipedia,"Par Selo Gornje is a village in the municipality of Tuzla, Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] - According to the 2013 census, its population was 435.[2] - This Tuzla Canton geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:16 -4022 Nonna - Wikipedia,"4022 Nonna, provisional designation 1981 TL4, is a Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1981, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.[1] The asteroid was named after Soviet actress Nonna Mordyukova. The nearly fast rotator has an exceptionally low lightcurve-amplitude indicating a nearly spherical shape.[3] - Nonna is a member of the Vesta family (401).[3][4] Vestian asteroids have a composition akin to cumulate eucrites (HED meteorites) and are thought to have originated deep within 4 Vesta's crust, possibly from the Rheasilvia crater, a large impact crater on its southern hemisphere near the South pole, formed as a result of a subcatastrophic collision. Vesta is the main belt's second-largest and second-most-massive body after Ceres.[9][10] - It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,323 days; semi-major axis of 2.36 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The asteroid was first observed at Goethe Link Observatory in October 1952. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as 1966 PC at Crimea-Nauchnij in August 1966, more than 15 years prior to its official discovery observation.[1] - Nonna has been characterized as a Q- and V-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS' photometric survey,[8] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be a common S-type asteroid.[3] The overall spectral type of Vestian asteroids is typically that of a V-type.[9]: 23  - Since 2006, several rotational lightcurves of Nonna have been obtained from photometric observations at Modra Observatory by astronomers Adrián Galád and Petr Pravec.[a][b][c] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from September 2006 gave a rotation period of 2.5877 hours with a brightness variation of 0.077 magnitude (U=3).[6][d] A measurement by French amateur astronomer René Roy gave a similar result of 2.62 hours, after using an alternative period solution.[7][e] All lightcurves showed an unusually low amplitude which is indicative for a spheroidal shape. The asteroid's short period is close to that of a fast rotator. - According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Nonna measures 3.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an exceptionally high albedo of 0.907.[5] Conversely, CALL assumes a standard stony albedo of 0.20 and calculates a much larger diameter of 7.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.1.[3] - This minor planet was named after Soviet cinema actress Nonna Mordyukova (1925–2008), a celebrated People's Artist of the USSR. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 August 1991 (M.P.C. 18645).[11] - -",2023-08-26 18:18:20 -Rhaptopetalum sindarense - Wikipedia," - Rhaptopetalum sindarense is a species of plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is endemic to Gabon. - - This Lecythidaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:23 -Colquitt County Arts Center - Wikipedia," - The Moultrie High School in Moultrie, Georgia, United States was built in 1928-1929 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[1] It later became the Colquitt County Arts Center, which offers art classes and other services.[2] - It is a one-story U-shaped brick building covering most of an entire block which was built in Georgian Revival style. It was designed by architect William J.J. Chase and was built by Moultrie contractor W.J. Pippin. The brick is laid in Flemish bond.[3] - The Arts Center began as a project of the Moultrie Service League in 1977.[4] - McCall art collection. He personally selected and donated to the Colquitt County Arts Center each piece of art in the collection, which is housed in the - A permanent McCall Gallery at the Colquitt County Arts Center houses the William Frank McCall Jr. Permanent Collection. - - This article about a property in Georgia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:27 -Mary Plantation House - Wikipedia," - Mary Plantation House is located on the Mary Plantation, downriver from Braithwaite, in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. It was begun in 1795 and expanded to its current form in 1820. - Situated on the east bank of the Mississippi River, the building is the oldest house in Plaquemines Parish. Although the early history of the location is uncertain, according to one architectural historian a house was built on the site in about 1795. It was significantly enlarged in the 1820s, and it went through a number of owners. - Eric Knobloch, a Tulane University botanist, and his wife bought the property in 1946, restored it, and opened it for tours. The plantation house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1983. After the Knobloch couple's deaths, their heirs sold the house in 2003. - The Mary Plantation House was put up for auction in 2012[2][3] and sold for $770,000.[4] - - This article about a property in Louisiana on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:31 -Shaye Lynne Haver - Wikipedia,"Shaye Lynne Haver (born 1990) is one of the two first women, along with CPT Kristen Griest, to ever graduate from the US Army Ranger School, which occurred on 21 August 2015. Haver and Griest were ranked 34th on Fortune magazine's 2016 list of the World's Greatest Leaders.[1] - Haver is from Copperas Cove, Texas.[2] In 2008, she graduated from Copperas Cove High School, where she was a cross country runner and soccer player.[2] Haver also participated in the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps, where she was reportedly the cadet battalion commander.[3] - Haver graduated from the United States Military Academy in 2012.[4] - Haver followed in her father's footsteps and became a pilot of attack helicopters. Her father also served as a career Army aviator who flew Apaches.[5] - Having previously served as an Apache attack helicopter pilot in an aviation brigade, Haver is one of the two first women (along with Kristen Marie Griest) to have earned a Ranger tab from the US Army Ranger School. Haver was among a group of 19 women who qualified to attend the first gender-integrated Ranger School, which began 20 April 2015.[6] She received a certificate of completion and was awarded and authorized to wear the Ranger Tab on 21 August 2015.[6][7][8] - Haver and Griest both said that they felt extra pressure to succeed because they wanted to prove that women can endure the same stress and pressure that men do when training. Since questions arose about the legitimacy of the program, many commanders and generals have spoken out in support of the women. Major General Scott Miller, the commanding general of the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence at Fort Benning,[9] said he vowed before the program began that there ""would be no change to the standards"". Some critics argued that because Haver and her classmate Griest recycled, or started over, they were given special treatment or somehow didn't meet the same standards as male Rangers. School officials reassured the public that approximately 1 in 4 males graduate Ranger School without a recycle.[10] - On 26 April 2018 Haver took command of Co C, 1st Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division, joining her fellow Ranger School[11] graduate Griest in being some of the first female infantry commanders.[12] - When US Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died and lay in state at the US Capitol, Haver led the military honor guard that carried the casket.[13] - As of 2023, Haver is a major assigned to the 3rd Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) in Washington, DC.[3] - In 2018, CPT Haver was inducted into the US Army Women's Foundation Hall of Fame.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:18:34 -Baulch Peak - Wikipedia,"Baulch Peak ( WikiMiniAtlas83°21′S 163°5′E / 83.350°S 163.083°E / -83.350; 163.083) is a peak 8 nautical miles (15 km) northeast of Claydon Peak, marking the extremity of a spur descending north from Prince Andrew Plateau, Queen Elizabeth Range. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for DeeWitt M. Baulch, a United States Antarctic Research Program meteorologist at South Pole Station, 1958.[1] -  This article incorporates public domain material from ""Baulch Peak"". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. - - This Shackleton Coast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:18:38 -Patrick McGovern (Irish politician) - Wikipedia," - Patrick Gregory McGovern (1875 – 7 February 1949) was an Irish politician. He was born in Clarbally townland near Bawnboy, County Cavan, the son of farmer Gregory McGovern and his wife Mary King of Derrynacreeve, County Cavan.[1] He attended Bawnboy National School. In 1909 he married Dinah McManus and had ten children, seven sons and three daughters, living on Borim (Kinawley), Dernacrieve, Swanlinbar.[2] - He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1933 general election as a National Centre Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan constituency.[3] He was re-elected at the 1937 general election for the same constituency as a Fine Gael TD, and again re-elected at the 1938 general election. He lost his seat at the 1943 general election.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:18:42 -Coventry and Warwickshire Society of Artists - Wikipedia," - The Coventry and Warwickshire Society of Artists or CWSA is an art society, that runs various social events and artistic programmes in Coventry, and outside and within the Warwickshire area of England.[1] - The Coventry and Warwickshire Society of Artists (CWSA) was established by the Mayor of Coventry, Colonel William Fitzthomas Wyley[2][3] in February 1912.[4][5] - The society is part of CASE: Coventry Art Societies Exhibition which was founded in April 2001 and was formerly known as the Coventry Arts Consortium.[12][13] It is made up of four Coventry art societies, the other three being, Baginton Art Group, Coventry Art Guild and Coventry Watercolour Society.[12][13][14][15][16][17] -",2023-08-26 18:18:45 -Anethole - Wikipedia,"Anethole (also known as anise camphor)[2] is an organic compound that is widely used as a flavoring substance. It is a derivative of phenylpropene, a type of aromatic compound that occurs widely in nature, in essential oils. It is in the class of phenylpropanoid organic compounds. It contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel (both in the botanical family Apiaceae), anise myrtle (Myrtaceae), liquorice (Fabaceae), magnolia blossoms, and star anise (Schisandraceae). Closely related to anethole is its isomer estragole, abundant in tarragon (Asteraceae) and basil (Lamiaceae), that has a flavor reminiscent of anise. It is a colorless, fragrant, mildly volatile liquid.[3] Anethole is only slightly soluble in water but exhibits high solubility in ethanol. This trait causes certain anise-flavored liqueurs to become opaque when diluted with water; the ouzo effect. - Anethole is an aromatic, unsaturated ether related to lignols. It exists as both cis–trans isomers (see also E–Z notation), involving the double bond outside the ring. The more abundant isomer, and the one preferred for use, is the trans or E isomer.[4] - Like related compounds, anethole is poorly soluble in water. Historically, this property was used to detect adulteration in samples.[5] - Most anethole is obtained from turpentine-like extracts from trees.[3][6] Of only minor commercial significance, anethole can also be isolated from essential oils.[7][8][9] - Currently Banwari Chemicals Pvt Ltd situated in Bhiwadi, Rajasthan, India is the leading manufacturer of anethole. It is prepared commercially from 4-methoxypropiophenone,[4][10] which is prepared from anisole.[3] - Anethole is distinctly sweet, measuring 13 times sweeter than sugar. It is perceived as being pleasant to the taste even at higher concentrations. It is used in alcoholic drinks ouzo, rakı, anisette and absinthe, among others. It is also used in seasoning and confectionery applications, oral hygiene products, and in small quantities in natural berry flavors.[8] - Because they metabolize anethole into several aromatic chemical compounds, some bacteria are candidates for use in commercial bioconversion of anethole to more valuable materials.[11] Bacterial strains capable of using trans-anethole as the sole carbon source include JYR-1 (Pseudomonas putida)[12] and TA13 (Arthrobacter aurescens).[11] - Anethole has potent antimicrobial properties, against bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.[13] Reported antibacterial properties include both bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against Salmonella enterica[14] but not when used against Salmonella via a fumigation method.[15] Antifungal activity includes increasing the effectiveness of some other phytochemicals (such as polygodial) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans;[16] - In vitro, anethole has antihelmintic action on eggs and larvae of the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus.[17] Anethole also has nematicidal activity against the plant nematode Meloidogyne javanica in vitro and in pots of cucumber seedlings.[18] - Anethole also is a promising insecticide. Several essential oils consisting mostly of anethole have insecticidal action against larvae of the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius[19] and Aedes aegypti.[20][21] In a similar manner, anethole itself is effective against the fungus gnat Lycoriella ingenua (Sciaridae)[22] and the mold mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae.[23] Against the mite, anethole is a slightly more effective pesticide than DEET, but anisaldehyde, a related natural compound that occurs with anethole in many essential oils, is 14 times more effective.[23] The insecticidal action of anethole is greater as a fumigant than as a contact agent. trans-Anethole is highly effective as a fumigant against the cockroach Blattella germanica[24] and against adults of the weevils Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and beetle Lasioderma serricorne.[25] - As well as an insect pesticide, anethole is an effective insect repellent against mosquitos.[26] - Anethole is responsible for the ""ouzo effect"" (also ""louche effect""), the spontaneous formation of a microemulsion[27][28] that gives many alcoholic beverages containing anethole and water their cloudy appearance.[29] Such a spontaneous microemulsion has many potential commercial applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.[30] - Anethole is an inexpensive chemical precursor for paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA),[31] and is used in its clandestine manufacture.[32] Anethole is present in the essential oil from guarana, which has psychoactive effects typically attributed to its caffeine content. The absence of PMA or any other known psychoactive derivative of anethole in human urine after ingestion of guarana leads to the conclusion that any psychoactive effect of guarana is not due to aminated anethole metabolites.[33] - Anethole is also present in absinthe, a liquor with a reputation for psychoactive effects; these effects, however, are attributed to ethanol.[34] (See also thujone, anethole dithione (ADT), and anethole trithione (ATT).) - Anethole has estrogenic activity.[35][36][37] It has been found to significantly increase uterine weight in immature female rats.[38] - Fennel, which contains anethole, has been found to have a galactagogue effect in animals. Anethole bears a structural resemblance to catecholamines like dopamine and may displace dopamine from its receptors and thereby disinhibit prolactin secretion, which in turn may be responsible for the galactagogue effects.[39] - In the USA, anethole is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). After a hiatus due to safety concerns, anethole was reaffirmed by Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) as GRAS.[40] The concerns related to liver toxicity and possible carcinogenic activity reported in rats.[41] Anethole is associated with a slight increase in liver cancer in rats,[41] although the evidence is scant and generally regarded as evidence that anethole is not a carcinogen.[41][42] An evaluation of anethole by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) found its notable pharmacologic properties to be reduction in motor activity, lowering of body temperature, and hypnotic, analgesic, and anticonvulsant effects.[43] A subsequent evaluation by JECFA found some reason for concern regarding carcinogenicity, but there is currently insufficient data to support this.[44] At this time, the JECFA summary of these evaluations is that anethole has ""no safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavoring agent"".[45] - In large quantities, anethole is slightly toxic and may act as an irritant.[46] - That an oil could be extracted from anise and fennel had been known since the Renaissance by the German alchemist Hieronymus Brunschwig (c. 1450 – c. 1512), the German botanist Adam Lonicer (1528–1586), and the German physician Valerius Cordus (1515–1544), among others.[47] Anethole was first investigated chemically by the Swiss chemist Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure in 1820.[48] In 1832 the French chemist Jean Baptiste Dumas determined that the crystallizable components of anise oil and fennel oil were identical, and he determined anethole's empirical formula.[49] In 1845, the French chemist Charles Gerhardt coined the term anethol – from the Latin anethum (anise) + oleum (oil) – for the fundamental compound from which a family of related compounds was derived.[50] Although the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer proposed the correct molecular structure for anethole in 1866,[51] it was not until 1872 that the structure was accepted as correct.[47] -",2023-08-26 18:18:49 -Dipteryx charapilla - Wikipedia," - Dipteryx charapilla is a little-known species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae,[1] a large to mid-sized tree growing along rivers in the rainforests of Brazil.[2] and Peru.[3] - This plant is a relatively tall tree, 20-30m tall, with a trunk to 65 cm in diameter. The bark is covered in lenticels and coloured cream to grey in adults, but greenish in juvenile specimens, with cork scars distributed in depressed, isolated patches (as if the trunk was hammered). The ends of the twigs are also covered in lenticels.[4] - It has alternate compound leaves which are imparipinnate (with a lone terminal leaflet rather than a terminal pair of leaflets) and arranged spirally;[4] the leaves having (2-)[2] 3-4 pairs of leaflets distanced 3–6 cm apart from each other. The leaflets are shaped elliptic-ovalate and are alternate at the base of the leaf (alternipinnate). The leaflets have a rounded base, a cuspidate (pointy) apex, and have a length of 8.9-21.3 cm and a width of 4.9-8.5 cm.[4] - The inflorescence is a terminal panicle.[4] The panicle is covered in a minutely puberulous layer.[5] The 22-30mm long flower has a 4-6mm pedicel[4] and a leathery calyx,[2][5] 2-6mm in length[4] and covered in an extremely fine puberulous layer. The calyx is split: the top half has two oblong ""wings"" which are 15mm in length and 6-7mm in width, with a rounded apex, formed from the upper two sepals, while the lower three sepals are small and fused together in a tiny lower lip.[5] The petals form a corolla 14-19mm long consisting of the wings, keel and banner common to this sub-family of plants.[4] The corolla colour has been described as ""mulberry"",[5] ""pinkish-purple""[2] or ""fuchsia"", although the sepals of the calyx are coloured light yellow.[4] Unique among the Dipteryx, in this species the calyx is said to be exceptionally hard, almost woody.[5] - The fruit (a bean pod) is an indehiscent drupe, elliptic[4] or ovoid-oblong[2] in shape and has juicy flesh within.[2][4] The fruit may be green.[6] The fruit pod contains a single, enlarged seed (bean).[4] This species has pods and seeds with the typical scent of tonka.[2][5] - Other species of Dipteryx which are said to grow in the same area as this species are D. alata, D. ferrae, D. micrantha, D. odorata and D. rosea.[7] D. charapilla is most similar to D. odorata and D. rosea.[4][5] According to Macbride, it can be distinguished from D. odorata primarily due to the calyx being puberulous as opposed to densely tomentose. It can be distinguished from D. rosea in having smaller flowers. Furthermore, in D. rosea the calyx has three distinct teeth-like lobes on the lower part; in D. charapilla these lobes are obscure and indistinct.[5] - This species was first described as Coumarouna charapilla in 1943 by James Francis Macbride citing as the holotype a sample, JS362, collected in 1935 by the important Peruvian plant collector José M. Lopez Schunke along the river bank of the Río Mazán in Maynas Province, Loreto, Peru.[5][8][9][10] According to the Macbride, the collector Schunke relayed that this tree was known as charapilla by the locals. The word charapilla is a diminutive of the Quechua word charapa, meaning 'turtle', and refers to the shell-like half of an opened bean pod of this tree.[5] - The second example was discovered in Esperança, Amazonas, Brazil, by Walter Adolpho Ducke in 1942, although it was only identified as such in 1985 by de Lima.[11] - Ducke moved the species to the genus Dipteryx in 1949.[12] - In 1975 a herbarium voucher identified as this species was collected along the banks of the Río Nanay in Maynas Province, Peru.[6] It has since been collected in Maynas a number of times.[13][14] - In the most recent monograph on the genus Dipteryx, A Checklist of the Dipterygeae species by the Brazilian researcher Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima in 1989, he synonymised D. charapilla with D. rosea.[15] His taxonomy was accepted by ILDIS (2005)[15] but not noticed or followed by some databases, i.e. the IUCN (1998)[1] or the Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru (1993), which was built using the Tropicos database by the Missouri Botanical Garden.[16] By 2010 de Lima had changed his mind and had started to recognise D. charapilla as an independent species again and it was readmitted into the Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil.[17][18] - Since 2014 local botanists from Brazil and Peru have collected many more additional specimens.[2][12][4] The Herbario Herrerense (HH) at the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana in Iquitos, Peru, holds the most specimens at present.[4] - Peru: In Maynas Province, Loreto, Peru, this species is known from three localised populations in the districts of Iquitos (along the Nanay River), San Juan Bautista (El Huayo Arboretum in Puerto Almendras) and Mazán (along the Río Mazán). Aldana et al. report that trees previously identified as D. odorata in Maynas Province, Peru are misidentified, and in actuality are D. charapilla.[4] - Brazil: This species was collected from Amazonas in the early 1940s.[2][11] Although not known in 2014,[12] as of 2019 the distribution of this species has been expanded to the states of Acre and Rondônia in Brazil.[2] - Bolivia: A collection from 1975 of a specimen identified as this species at the herbarium of the Museu Botânico Municipal in Bolivia is attributed to that country in error, as that particular collection is a duplicate of the 1975 collection (number 19865).[6][19][20] - In Brazil this tree has been found in the Amazon rainforest growing on terra firme forest, várzea (inundated forest) and/or shaded tropical rainforest.[2] In Peru it has been found growing in inundated forest along the banks of rivers, and along river banks in general (although this may be an artefact caused due to these being the easiest places to collect plant specimens).[5][6][13] - It has been collected growing at altitudes of 90[13]-125m.[8] - In 1998 Oldfield et al. published a list of tropical tree species whose populations they believed to be threatened by extinction, which was adopted into the IUCN Red List.[21] Likely working from the Tropicos database, they mistakenly believed that the taxon was endemic to the Amazon rainforest in the department of Loreto, Peru,[1][22] and that it was ""known only from the type locality"".[1] Hence, they decided to set the conservation status for the population of this species as 'vulnerable'.[1] In Brazil, this species has not yet been evaluated by the Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora.[2] Trees are grown at the Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera and Puerto Almendras Arboretum in Peru. It is unclear if the population in Iquitos District is protected within the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:18:53 -Giustino (Vivaldi) - Wikipedia,"Il Giustino RV 717 is a 1724 opera by Vivaldi set to a libretto by Nicolò Beregan, also set by Albinoni and Handel. The opera was composed for the 1724 carnival season in Rome and premiered at the Teatro Capranica.[1] - The aria of Anastasio, Vedrò con mio diletto, has become a famous piece sung at concerts and on recordings by countertenors such as Philippe Jaroussky and Jakub Józef Orliński and by contraltos as Sonia Prina. Sinfonia of Act I, Scene V, is also used by Vivaldi as the main motif of the first movement of La Primavera (""Spring"") from his concerti The Four Seasons.[citation needed] - The opera was revived in modern times in 1985 in a production directed by Alan Curtis and performed at the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza, at the Opéra Royal of the Palace of Versailles, and at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. According to data reported by Le magazine de l'opéra baroque, a subsequent performance in concert form was held at the Mégaron Musikis in Athens in 2007, while a further revival on stage, for a total of twelve performances, took place, between 2008 and 2009, at the Oldenburgisches Staatstheater. - In July 2018, a concert performance was given at the Festival International d'Opéra Baroque de Beaune — with the Accademia Bizantina conducted by Ottavio Dantone. In August 2018, a full costume version of Il Giustino, directed by Deda Cristina Colonna and conducted by Peter Spissky and the Camerata Øresund, figured as one of the central pieces in the Næstved Early Music Festival.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:18:57 -Bryna Productions - Wikipedia,"Bryna Productions (later renamed The Bryna Company) is an American independent film and television production company established by actor Kirk Douglas in 1949. The company also produced a handful of films through its subsidiaries, Michael Productions, Joel Productions and Douglas and Lewis Productions, and outside the United States through Brynaprod. Other subsidiaries included Eric Productions, which produced stage plays, Peter Vincent Music, a music publishing company, Bryna International, a photographic service company, and Public Relations Consultants, which supervised the publicity of its early films.[1] Douglas named the main company after his mother, Bryna Demsky (Bryna Danielovitch), while its primary subsidiaries were named after his sons: Michael Douglas, Joel Douglas, Peter Douglas and Eric Douglas.[2][3] In 1970, Bryna Productions was renamed The Bryna Company, when Douglas welcomed his children and second wife into the firm. Nevertheless, Michael, Joel and Peter, wanting to establish individual identities, went on to form their own independent film production companies.[4] - The company had some major film successes, including Paths of Glory, The Vikings, Spartacus, Seven Days in May, Seconds, Grand Prix, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Something Wicked This Way Comes. Four of the films Bryna Productions made have been deemed ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"" by the United States National Film Preservation Board and have been selected for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry: Paths of Glory in 1992, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1993, Seconds in 2015 and Spartacus in 2017.[5] The company was also recognized by the American Cinematheque in 1989, when it held a three-day festival with the screening of eight Bryna Productions films.[6] - Twenty-one of Bryna Productions' films have won and been nominated for awards and prizes at various ceremonies and film festivals, including the Academy Awards, the Golden Globe Awards, the British Academy Film Awards, the Grammy Awards, the Saturn Awards, the Primetime Emmy Awards, the Genie Awards, the Bodil Awards, the Directors Guild of America Award, the Writers Guild of America Awards, the Laurel Awards, the David di Donatello Awards, the Bambi Award, the Belgian Film Critics Association Award, the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, the National Society of Film Critics Awards, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, the Turkish Film Critics Association Awards, the National Board of Review Awards, the People's Choice Awards, the Kinema Junpo Awards, the Sant Jordi Awards, the César Awards, the Nastro d'Argento Award, the Jussi Awards, the Huabiao Awards, the Golden Screen Award, the CableACE Awards, the Golden Reel Awards, the International Film Music Critics Award, the Edgar Allan Poe Award, the Boxoffice Blue Ribbon Award, the American Cinema Editors Award, the Fotogramas de Plata Award, the Hugo Awards; and at the Cannes Film Festival, the Berlin International Film Festival, the San Sebastián International Film Festival, the Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival and the Chicago International Film Festival. - Bryna Productions often co-produced films with other notable independent film production companies, including Burt Lancaster, Harold Hecht and James Hill's Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Films, Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh's Curtleigh Productions, Rock Hudson's Gibraltar Productions, James Garner's Cherokee Productions, Stanley Kubrick and James B. Harris' Harris-Kubrick Pictures, Saul Zaentz's Fantasy Films, John Frankenheimner's John Frankenheimer Productions, Richard Quine's Quine Productions, Hal B. Wallis' Wallis-Hazen Productions, Martin Ritt's Martin Ritt Productions, Ray Stark's Seven Arts Productions, Harold Jack Bloom's Thoroughbred Productions, Harold Greenberg's Astral Film Productions, Roland W. Betts' Silver Screen Partners II and Walt Disney's Walt Disney Productions and Touchstone Pictures. It also had financing and distribution deals with major Hollywood studios like United Artists, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount Pictures, Columbia Pictures, Universal-International Pictures, Rank Film Distributors, National General Pictures and Buena Vista, for motion pictures, as well as United Artists Television, NBC, CBS and HBO, for television. - Kirk Douglas formed an independent film production company at the suggestion of his friend and I Walk Alone co-star, Burt Lancaster, who was already having success with his own film production company, Norma Productions. Lancaster and his agent, Harold Hecht, formed Norma Productions in 1947, at a time when many actors, directors and producers were forming their independent units, which quickly became the largest and most successful independent film production unit in Hollywood during the 1950s.[7][8][9] Douglas registered his new company, Bryna Productions, Incorporated, on September 28, 1949, and immediately began optioning properties and securing writers and directors, though it would take more than five years for a project to make it before the cameras.[10] Douglas' mother, Bryna Demsky, after whom the company was named, was a stockholder in the firm.[11] - The first property acquired by Bryna Productions was Ben Hecht's short story The Shadow, about a magician who seeks vengeance against his twin brother for the alienation of his blind wife. Douglas made a deal with lawyer-turned-agent-turned-producer Charles K. Feldman (who, ironically, had tried to sue Lancaster and Norma Productions in 1948) to head Bryna Productions and produce The Shadow at Republic Pictures.[12][13] Feldman hired screenwriter Charles O'Neal to write the screenplay (O'Neal retitled the film Mr. Shadow), which was to star Douglas in dual roles of the twin brothers.[12] In the role of the estranged wife, Douglas first wanted to cast Jane Greer, then Jane Wyman.[14][15] By early 1952, Bryna Productions was attempting to film The Shadow in England.[15] - In June 1950, Bryna Productions optioned Irwin Gielgud's story The Life of David Garrick, a story about the life and career of English actor David Garrick. The property was to be filmed under the title Garrick's Gayeties, for which Douglas hoped to co-star with Judy Garland in the role of Peg Woffington.[16][17] In September 1950, Bryna Productions procured Ivan Thors' screenplay Nowhere to Go, a story about a displaced person fighting for a new home in the United States.[18] Bryna Productions also owned the filming rights to Darwin Teihet's novel The Fear Makers, which Douglas hoped to direct himself.[17][19][20] - In March 1952, Douglas revealed plans for Bryna Productions to make three films a year, with him to star in only one of the three yearly films.[21] Producer William Schorr, who had previously been attached to Billy Wilder and produced the Douglas-starring film Ace in the Hole, became an executive partner at Bryna Productions.[22] Schorr was to oversee the production of films, as associate producer, while Douglas would star in the pictures; Schorr would remain instrumental to Bryna Productions for the next four years.[22][19] That year, Bryna Productions became tied to Strange Harvest, a yarn about a World War II G.I. who returns to visit Italy with his new American wife, only to discover that he has a young son from a war-time fling with an Italian women.[23] Strange Harvest was written by Sy Bartlett and Harold Conrad; Bartlett co-wrote the screenplay with Schorr, and the film was to be directed by David Miller on location in Italy.[24][19] - Douglas hoped to film most of his early productions in Europe.[25] In 1953, he and Schorr attempted to secure a two-picture deal with Italian producers Carlo Ponti and Dino De Laurentiis.[26] The plan was for Douglas to star in the Italian producers' film Ulysses, in exchange for a co-production deal to film The Shadow, which Douglas hoped to finally get underway with Anatole Litvak secured as director.[27][26][28] Ulysses came through but The Shadow was never made. In June 1953, Bryna Productions discussed a co-production deal with Sidney Sheldon to film Alice in Arms in Italy, adapted from a play in which Douglas had appeared on Broadway in 1945.[25] - By January 1954, the local for Strange Harvest had been changed from Italy to Japan, when a financing deal was secured there, and Bryna Productions wanted Marlon Brando to star in the picture.[29] Later in 1954, Bryna Productions acquired Robert Carson's story The Quality of Mercy, though its filming rights were up to challenge.[30] Bryna Productions had been given permission by the author via a verbal agreement, whereas John Wayne and his business partner Robert Fellows had received a written agreement from Carson's agent, through their film production company Batjac Productions.[30] A partnership was then formed between Batjac Productions and Bryna Productions to co-produce the film together, with Douglas starring and Ben Hecht writing the screenplay.[30][31] Batjac Productions' existing Warner Brothers Pictures financing and distribution deal would back the picture, though it was ultimately never made.[30] In April 1954, it was reported that Douglas was interested in producing and starring in a television series through Bryna Productions.[32] In September 1954, Bryna Productions showed interest in filming Robert Wright Campbell's already-written film script The Dangerous Game.[33] - In early January 1955, Douglas formally activated Bryna Productions by signing a six-picture, three-year financing and distribution deal with United Artists.[34] After signing the deal, Douglas and his second wife, Anne Douglas, were invited out to celebrate with cocktails at 21 Club in New York City by United Artists executives, president Arthur B. Krim and board chairman Robert S. Benjamin.[35][34] That month, Stanley Margulies was appointed Publicity Director for Bryna Productions' new subsidiary, Public Relations Consultants, Incorporated,[36] and the company's first two motion pictures were announced: The Viking Raiders, a swashbuckler about Vikings pillaging the coast of Brittany, adapted by Edison Marshall's novel and to be directed by Richard Fleischer; and Van Gogh, a biopic of Vincent Van Gogh, to be directed by Jean Negulesco.[34][37] Douglas was to star in both.[35] A month later, however, in February 1955, it was announced that The Indian Fighter, a story about a reckless adventurer who tries to foment a war between the Indians and the western settlers after the Civil War, with a screenplay by Ben Hecht and Frank Davis and also starring Douglas, would be the inaugural picture to be filmed.[34][38] That same month, Norman A. Cook was appointed General Manager of Bryna Productions.[39] - The Van Gogh biopic property was subject to some debate as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer also owned the filming rights to a similar story, Lust for Life, based on Irving Stone's novel, with John Houseman secured as producer and Vincente Minelli inked as director.[38] American producer Robert Goldstein was also in a partnership with Italian producer Giuseppe Amato, ready to film a Van Gogh biopic in Rome from an original Harry Brown screenplay.[38] Instead of battling Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer over the property, Douglas chose to approach the company and offered to make the picture together, with his services as an actor.[40][41] - In March 1955, Bryna Productions moved into its first official headquarter office at 9235 West Third Street, Beverly Hills, California.[40][42] That same month, it was announced that the company hoped to film Jacquin Sanders' novel Freak Show, a provocative love story about a wrestler and a freak girl at a carnival.[40] The Indian Fighter secured André DeToth as director in early March 1955,[43] and was originally scheduled to begin filming in early April 1955,[44] but due to Douglas' personal publicity tour promoting Man Without a Star for Universal-International Pictures, the shooting only began on May 23, 1955.[45] The film was shot entirely on location, using CinemaScope cameras and Technicolor film, during five weeks in and around Bend, Oregon, without any studio retakes,[45][46] for a cost of over $1,000,000.[47] Bryna Productions also brought over Italian actress Elsa Martinelli for the femme lead and featured actors like Walter Matthau, Lon Chaney, Jr., Alan Hale, Jr., and Douglas' former wife Diana Douglas. After the filming was completed, Bryna Productions hired folk singer Terry Gilkyson to sing a couple of songs written by Irving Gordon and Franz Waxman to compose the score.[48][49] Bryna Productions also acquired the filming rights to Robert Wright Campbell's original screenplay The Allison Brothers for $25,000, a story written especially for the author's brother, William Campbell.[50][51] - Immediately after completing The Indian Fighter, Douglas began filming Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Lust for Life in France, Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands, following which he planned to produce and star in The Viking Raiders; the Norse film would, however, be pushed back by three years.[52][53] While in Europe, Bryna Productions optioned German author Klaus Schuitz's story The Runaway Heart, which deals with an Italian girl who falls in love with an SS Nazi officer during World War II.[54] The male lead was to be played by Douglas, while the Italian role was offered to Sophia Loren.[54] - In October 1955, after returning from Europe for the filming of Lust for Life, Douglas named three new executives for Bryna Productions: Jerry Bresler was appointed Producer and General Manager; Myer P. Beck was appointed Producer's Representative; and David E. Weshner was appointed Sales and Distribution Representative.[55][56][57] The company then announced plans to film Robert Alan Aurthur's original story Shadow of the Champ.[56] The plot revolved around a has-been boxing champion's romance with a lonely woman, and had already been adapted for television on The Philco Television Playhouse earlier that year.[56] The story's filming rights were advanced by United Artists for $100,000; the highest fee ever paid at the time for a television package-play.[56] The film was to be co-produced with Jonathan Productions, a company founded by Aurthur, David Susskind and Alfred Levy, with Douglas to play only a secondary character in the film.[56][47] Although Aurthur wrote the screenplay, Shadow of the Champ was ultimately never made, but the writer collaborated on four future projects with Bryna Productions: A Very Special Baby, Spring Reunion, Tales of the Vikings and Grand Prix. - By December 1955, Bryna Productions had negotiated a secondary financing and distribution deal (separate from the six-picture United Artists deal) with Arthur Loew, president of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, for a single picture.[58] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was rarely dealing with independent film production companies at that time so the one-picture deal was somewhat of an achievement in the film industry.[58][59] Even more so surprising was that Bryna Productions was negotiating a second one-picture pact with the same studio.[58] The first film for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was to be The Syndicate, set to star Douglas and Jeanne Crain and to be co-produced with Frank and Maurice King's King Brothers Productions.[58][59] The second film was to be King Kelly, based on Robert Wright Campbell's novel about an ambitious soldier who attempts to set up his own empire in the Southwest after the Civil War, with Douglas starring and Daniel Mainwaring writing the screenplay.[60] By the end of 1955, Bryna Productions' plans were to produce two films in 1956 (Shadow of the Champ for United Artists and King Kelly for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), and to be able to produce three to four pictures a year by 1957.[47][58] The Indian Fighter simultaneously premiered on December 21, 1955, at the Mayfair Theatre in New York City and at the Liberty Theatre in Portland, Oregon; it was an immediate success.[47][61] - In January 1956, Bryna Productions acquired the filming rights to Samuel Grafton's novel A Most Contagious Game, the story of a magazine reporter who goes undercover as a gangster to research the underworld but ends up becoming a mob leader himself; the filming rights to the story had previously been owned by Victor Saville's Parklane Pictures, which produced a television movie for Studio One.[62][63][64] Bresler was to produce the film while Grafton was hired to write the screenplay.[65] Douglas immediately offered the lead role to Lancaster,[66] but plans were ultimately made for Douglas to star in A Most Contagious Game, financed by United Artists, with filming to begin in March 1956 on location in New York City.[67][68] It was also announced that, in addition to Shadow of the Champ, Aurthur would be adapting two more of his stories for Bryna Productions: A Very Special Baby and Spring Reunion.[67] A Very Special Baby was to be the second film co-produced by Bryna Productions in partnership with Jonathan Productions, and the company put up a $100,000 security on the property, which was to be filmed without major studio financing; the completed film would instead be put up for auction to the highest bidder for distribution.[69] Bryna Productions was also to finance the Broadway play version.[70] Spring Reunion, a drama story about a high school reunion, quickly took center stage as the next film to go before cameras, with a scheduled starting date of May 15, 1956,[60] when Robert Pirosh was signed as writer-director, and stars Dana Andrews and Betty Hutton were tied to the production.[68] - By late January 1956, Bryna Productions' previously planned two-pictures-in-1956 schedule had been expanded to five pictures over the next eighteen months, for a total budget of $8,000,000.[68][60] The Viking (previously announced as The Viking Raiders) was budgeted at $4,000,000 alone for United Artists, while King Kelly was to cost around $1,500,000 for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[68] The remaining $2,500,000 budget from United Artists was to be divided between three other properties already in pre-production stages: Spring Reunion, Shadow of the Champ and A Most Contagious Game.[60] Only a month later, in February 1956, Bryna Productions acquired a sixth property for development in their 1956 schedule: The Silent Gun, for a reported $25,000 (which was factually $22,000).[68] The Silent Gun, a dramatic story about a cowardly man who poses as a famous outlaw, was written by Carson A. Wiley, who was also hired by to write the screenplay.[60] The lead in The Silent Gun was immediately offered to Gary Cooper and Montgomery Clift.[71] That same month, Bryna Productions also signed Italian actress Elsa Martinelli to a four-picture, two-year contract (two pictures a year for two years).[72] In late February 1956, Barney Briskin was appointed Production Manager of Bryna Productions.[62] - Bryna Productions' plans began to delay in March 1956 when Douglas started filming Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on location in Arizona.[69] Each new film in which he accepted to star pushed back Bryna Productions' schedule. In early April 1956, Bryna Productions announced that Lewis Milestone would direct King Kelly on location in Texas,[60][73] and later that month appointed Charles Levy as Eastern Publicity Representative of the company.[60][59] That same month, Bryna Productions also optioned the filming rights of the novel Deliver Us from Evil: The Story of Vietnam's Flight to Freedom, the autobiography of Lieutenant Thomas Anthony Dooley III, a navy doctor who served behind the Communist Bamboo Curtain in Vietnam.[74][75] Douglas was hoping to play the lead and the movie was to begin filming in the late autumn of 1956.[74][76] - In late May 1956, Bryna Productions' plans changed again when another new property was acquired.[77] A third one-picture deal was set with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for the financing and distribution of a film based on Shirley Jackson's novel The Bird's Nest, which Bryna Productions purchased from theater producer Ray Stark.[77][78] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's contracted-actress Eleanor Parker was immediately signed for the lead role in the film which was to be titled Lizzie, with plans to start filming on August 1, 1956, at Kling Studios, though it was delayed to September 10, 1956, with director-actor Hugo Haas.[77][79] Bette Davis was originally cast in the role of Aunt Morgan, but it was ultimately played by Joan Blondell.[80] Meanwhile, Spring Reunion was also pushed back to start filming on June 4, 1956, at Republic Studios, while King Kelly was scheduled to film on location in East Flat Rock, North Carolina starting July 23, 1956 with Douglas, Elsa Martinelli and Lance Fuller as co-stars.[77][81][82][83] Mala Powers was eventually announced as Martinelli's replacement in King Kelly.[84] Although Douglas was free to start filming, his next picture, Top Secret Affair, only starting to shoot on December 4, 1956, the production team was unhappy with the script of King Kelly and put off the shoot.[85] Screenwriter Edna Anhalt was brought in to work on King Kelly's script.[86] - Bryna Productions announced in May 1956 that it had loaned-out Leslie Nielsen from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to star in A Most Contagious Game, replacing Douglas who had originally planned to take the lead.[87] In June 1956, Douglas and Bryna Productions began what would be a ten-year partnership with writer-producer Edward Lewis.[88] That month, Bryna Productions acquired Lewis' original story and screenplay, Mavourneen, a comedy about three girls in an Irish town who conspire to trick the town's most eligible bachelor into marrying one of them.[88] Lewis was appointed Associate Producer for both Mavourneen and Lizzie and would become a key member for the organization.[80][88] - On August 6, 1956, Douglas registered the Bryna Productions subsidiaries Michael Productions, Incorporated, and Joel Productions, Incorporated, named after his first two sons Michael Douglas and Joel Douglas.[89][90] Although the original plan was to alternate between production companies for each film for tax purposes (as Hecht and Lancaster had done with their film production companies), Michael Productions would only be used for a single film, while Joel Productions remained dormant for the next six years. In September 1956, Bryna Productions announced that the teenage drama The Young Lovers (later released as The Careless Years) had been added to its United Artists-financed schedule of productions and assigned Lewis as Producer.[91][92][93] The company initially attempted to loan-out Dennis Hopper for the male lead, but Warner Brothers Pictures' price was too high.[94] - By October 1956, The Viking had again become Douglas' top starring-producing project at Bryna Productions, with a re-written script by Noel Langley; the latter had been hired for the job in June 1956.[95] Its budget had been reduced to $3,000,000 (though it would go over-budget during filming) and it was revealed that it would be filmed authentically in Scandinavian locations during three-and-a-half months in the spring of 1957.[95] In November 1956, Bryna Productions announced interest in acquiring Stephen Longstreet's novel The Beach House, as well as Dale Wasserman and Jack Balch's teleplay Elisha and the Long Knives, as properties for Douglas to star.[96] Also in November 1956, Bryna Productions announced that its new trademark logo had been designed and would first appear in the opening screen credit of Lizzie, due out in early 1957.[97] In December 1956, The Careless Years' lead actors, Dean Stockwell and Natalie Trundy, were both simultaneously signed for the film and to five-year contracts with Bryna Productions.[98] Bryna Productions' second film, Spring Reunion, premiered at the Astoria Theatre in London, England in late December 1956.[99][93] - The Careless Years began filming on January 7, 1957, with director Arthur Hiller.[93] That month, Bryna Productions re-optioned Ben Hecht's story The Shadow, assigning screenwriter Allan Scott to re-develop it, while Sydney Boehm finished writing the screenplay for A Most Contagious Game, set to co-star Nelson (who also asked Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to let him play a role in The Viking but was turned down) and Martinelli.[93][100] The company also announced a three-picture co-production deal with Harris-Kubrick Pictures.[101][102] Writer-director Stanley Kubrick and his film producer partner James B. Harris had been developing, through their own film production company, a script for Paths of Glory, a World War I drama authored by Humphrey Cobb.[93][103] Douglas made an exceptional deal with Harris-Kubrick Pictures in which, although he was co-executive producer, he would only be paid a straight salary of $350,000 as an actor and not take in any share of the film's profits (as his deal with United Artists permitted).[104] The addition of Paths of Glory to Bryna Productions' schedule forced The Viking, and also King Kelly which had been re-scripted by Allan Scott, to be pushed back by several months.[103] - Another pre-developed deal tied to Bryna Productions was Burt Arthur's novel Ride Out for Revenge, a western about Indians and the United States Army battling it out.[105] Ride Out for Revenge had already been adapted and scripted by Norman Retchin, who was signed by Bryna Productions as producer for the film in mid-January 1957; Retchin quickly secured Rory Calhoun to play the lead, with co-stars Lloyd Bridges and Gloria Grahame.[105][104][106] Myer P. Beck was appointed Sales, Advertisement and Publicity Representative for Bryna Productions in February 1957, just in time for Lizzie's publicity campaign, which rolled out to limited theater screenings that month.[103][107] After the completion of Spring Reunion, Betty Hutton hoped to star in Three Rings for Julie, a comedy about a switchboard operator who overhears a plot for murder, as her second-contracted picture for Bryna Productions.[108] But after Spring Reunion proved unpopular, Hutton opted not to resume her film-career. - Paths of Glory started filming on March 18, 1957, at Bavaria Filmkunst in Geiselgasteig, Germany, while Ride Out for Revenge began shooting on March 28, 1957, with director Bernard Girard on location in Sonora, California.[104] By the end of March 1957, The Viking had officially been retitled The Vikings and big-name stars like Tony Curtis and his wife Janet Leigh (who wound up co-producing the film through their film production company Curtleigh Productions), Ernest Borgnine and Michael Rennie were signed.[109][110] Leigh was also signed to an additional picture deal with Bryna Productions.[111] The Vikings began shooting using Technirama cameras and Technicolor film on June 20, 1957, on location near the Finnafjorden fjords in Norway, then in Copenhagen, Denmark, followed by Brittany, France, and finally interior scenes at Bavaria Filmkunst in Geiselgasteig, Germany.[112][113] While in Europe, Bryna Productions looked into the possibility of filming The Shadow in Madrid, Spain,[114][112] and as so many of the company's projects were set to be done on the continent, Douglas formed a Swiss subsidiary of Bryna Productions, Brynaprod S.A. (a Swiss limited liability Société anonyme).[115] The idea of a European-based company was another influence from Hecht and Lancaster, who had formed the Liechtenstein-based Norma Productions subsidiary Joanna Productions A.G. in 1955 to produce Trapeze in France.[116] - Lewis, running Bryna Productions operations in Hollywood while Douglas was in Europe, negotiated the development of a television series based on The Vikings. In May 1957, a deal was made with Morris Helprin and Alfred W. Crown's film production company, Barbizon Productions, to co-produce a pilot film for a television series to be titled King of the Vikings for Columbia Broadcasting System.[117] Robert Alan Aurthur was contracted to write the teleplay for the pilot, in addition to additional episodes in case the series was picked up.[117] The pilot was filmed in London from August to September 1957 with Crown overseeing the production, but Columbia Broadcasting System did not pickup the series.[118][119][120] Bryna Productions then planned to make the television program through a financing and distribution deal with United Artists Television and attempted to sign Sterling Hayden for the lead role.[121][122] Lewis was later appointed head of Bryna Productions' television department in November 1957.[123] - In September 1957, Bryna Productions moved into a luxurious new building at 250 North Canon Drive in Beverly Hills, California, on the same block as Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions' office, which was located at 202 North Canon Drive.[124] The three-story building was designed by architect Herman Charles Light and was shared with producer Martin Melcher and singer-actress Doris Day's film production company Arwin Productions, public relations agency Rogers & Cowan (who would later represent Douglas and Bryna Productions), and law firm Rosenthal & Norton.[124] That same month, The Careless Years was released to theaters.[125] - In October 1957, after Paths of Glory had been privately screened for select members of the press, Bryna Productions optioned American-Canadian church minister-turned-master-safecracker Herbert Emerson Wilsons's autobiography, I Stole $16,000,000, especially for Stanley Kubrick and James B. Harris[126][127] The picture was to be the second in the co-production deal between Bryna Productions and Harris-Kubrick Pictures, which Kubrick was to write and direct, Harris to co-produce and Douglas to co-produce and star.[126] In November 1957, Gavin Lambert was signed as story editor for I Stole $16,000,000.[128] Ride Out for Revenge was released to theaters in October 1957.[127] Following the success of The Indian Fighter, Ride Out for Revenge marked the fourth film in a row (after Spring Reunion, Lizzie and The Careless Years) to lose money on its investment; nevertheless Douglas had faith in Bryna Productions' future and luckily, so did the financing and distribution companies.[129] - Paths of Glory had its world premiere on October 25, 1957, in Munich, Germany,[130] followed by its American premiere two months later, on December 20, 1957, at the Fine Arts Theater in Beverly Hills, California.[131] It was Bryna Productions biggest success yet and the film went on to win and have nominations for several awards, including the Grand Prix de l'UCC, the Cantaclaro Award for Best American Motion Picture, the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon for Best Foreign Director, and the Jussi Award for Best Foreign Director. It was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source, Adolphe Menjou was nominated for a Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Supporting Performance and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama. In 1992, the United States National Film Preservation Board deemed Paths of Glory ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"" and selected it for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. - In January 1958, Douglas signed on to star and co-produce the film Last Train from Harper's Station with Hal B. Wallis' Wallis-Hazen Productions, through Wallis' existing Paramount Pictures financing and distribution deal.[132] Last Train from Harper's Station was quickly renamed Showdown at Gun Hill when the script was completed.[133] Meanwhile, script meetings were scheduled in Tijuana, Mexico with Herbert Emerson Wilsons, as he had been expelled from the United States and deported to Canada, for the development of his novel I Stole $16,000,000.[134] Stewart Granger was then announced to play the lead in the film, set to start shooting later in 1958.[135] Kubrick eventually finished a script titled God Fearing Man, but the picture was never filmed. - In January 1958, Bryna Productions acquired the filming rights to Edward Abbey's novel The Brave Cowboy.[136] In February 1958, Douglas became attached to The Devil's Disciple, a George Bernard Shaw play which had been optioned by Harold Hecht and Burt Lancaster in August 1955, with plans to film it through their production company Hecht-Lancaster Productions.[137] The picture went through considerable delays and changes, but was originally announced to star Laurence Olivier, Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor in the leads, with Olivier directing; the picture was to be filmed at a proposed ranch-studio that Hecht-Lancaster Productions was to build in the woodlands of Santa Cruz, California.[138] Douglas came in to replace Clift as one of the leads and agreed to co-star in the film if he could also co-produce it through Bryna Productions.[139] To please Olivier, the film was instead shot in England, and therefore, Brynaprod co-produced the film.[140] Hecht-Lancaster Productions had by this time been renamed Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions, and the company also formed a British subsidiary to co-produce the film: Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Films. On February 28, 1958, Douglas registered another subsidiary, Bryna Corporation, though its use has not been established.[141] - In late March 1958, Lewis was appointed Vice-President of Bryna Productions, Margulies was appointed Vice-President of Public Relations Consultants, and the company welcomed three new executives: Seymour Poe as World-Wide Sales Representative, Joseph A. Barry as Eastern Story Editor and Allan Balter as Unit Publicist.[142][143][144][145] German-American film director Robert Siodmak, who had returned to Germany, was appointed European Representative of Bryna Productions, charged as adviser and consultant on the production, distribution and exhibition of all of the company's films in the European market.[146][147] The addition of the new personnel coincided with Bryna Productions' expansion program and the new representation of the company by talent agency Music Corporation of America.[148] Douglas additionally formed the Bryna Productions subsidiary Peter Vincent Music Corporation, a music publishing company named after his third son, Peter Vincent Douglas.[1] Douglas appointed Martin Melcher as President of Peter Vincent Music, who in turn affiliated the company with performance rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. in the United States and BUMA in Europe.[149] The purpose of Peter Vincent Music was to publish and copyright the music (theme songs, soundtracks, scores and cues) from Bryna Productions' films and administer royalties to the songwriters and composers; this too was influenced by Hecht and Lancaster's own successful music publishing venture, Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music. Peter Vincent Music's first published and copyrighted music were three songs composed by Mario Nascimbene for The Vikings, which were co-published with United Artist's music publishing imprint, Unart Music.[150][151] The songs were ""March of the Vikings"", ""Love Has Gone to Wander"" and ""Commento Musicale Per I Vichinghi"", which featured lyrics by Joseph Lubin and arrangements by Jerome Howard.[150][151] - Bryna Productions also announced in March, 1958 their biggest project yet: a $15,000,000 film production of Jules Verne's adventure novel Michael Strogoff.[152][153] Verne properties had become viable material in the mid-1950s, Douglas having already co-starred in Walt Disney Productions' 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Michael Todd having recently released Around the World in 80 Days, Benedict Bogeaus filming From the Earth to the Moon and Charles Brackett preparing Journey to the Center of the Earth.[154] Michael Strogoff, which takes place in Russia, was to be the subject of the first American-Soviet film co-production, setup jointly through the two nations' cultural exchange program.[155] Douglas was to star in the film, along with as many American actors as the Russians would allow, with the rest of the stars, including the female lead, and cast to be played by Russian actors.[155] - Bryna Productions was adamant about Michael Strogoff's production being fully supported by both governments and a meeting was set up for April 14, 1958 with diplomats and high-ranking country officials.[156] As Douglas was by then busy filming Showdown at Gun Hill, Lewis and Margulies traveled to New York City on behalf of Bryna Productions and met with Eric Johnston, president of the Motion Picture Association of America, Kenneth Clark, vice-president of the Motion Picture Association of America, Turner Blair Shelton, film division chief of the United States Information Agency, Aleksandr A. Slavnov, head of the Soviet delegation, Aleksandr N. Davydov, head of Sovexportfilm, and Tamara Mamedov, cultural attaché for the Soviet Embassy in Washington D.C.[157][156] The project was met positively and the Soviet officials were given a detailed treatment of the script and a story outline to take back to the U.S.S.R., where it was presented for ratification by top film and government officials in Moscow upon their return in early May 1958. If approved by the second committee, another meeting would be set up in Moscow, likely at the end of May 1958, where the deal would be concluded.[156] Bryna Productions waited for the green-light on the project but it was continuously delayed.[146] - Showdown at Gun Hill started filming on March 31, 1958, using VistaVision cameras and Technicolor film, on location in Arizona with director John Sturges and co-starring Douglas and Anthony Quinn.[158][159] Regal Films filed an objection with Motion Pictures Association of America's Title Registration Bureau, claiming that Showdown at Gun Hill's title was too similar to their own film Showdown at Boot Hill, which was being released just as the Bryna Productions picture was being filmed.[146] This led to the retitling of the film to Last Train from Gun Hill. In April 1958, Bryna Productions co-purchased William Gibson's stage play Two For the Seesaw with Ray Stark's film production company Seven Arts Productions.[160] The picture was to be co-produced by the two companies with Douglas to play the lead.[161] In mid-April 1958, Melcher secured the releasing and distribution of Peter Vincent Music's The Vikings soundtrack through Dot Records, but less than a month later, it was announced that it would instead be released through United Artists Records.[162][163] - The forthcoming release of The Vikings was to conclude Bryna Productions' six-picture agreement with United Artists; The Devil's Disciple acting as a supplementary picture, already packed under Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions' existing United Artists contract.[164] In early May 1958, Bryna Productions signed a one-picture deal with Universal-International Pictures for the financing and distribution of the adventure film Viva, Gringo!.[158] The original story and screenplay by Borden Chase revolved around an American gunslinger who gets caught up in Pancho Villa's revolution in Mexico. With the script already completed, the picture was to have a $2,500,000 budget for authentic location shooting in Mexico, using CinemaScope cameras and Technicolor film. The film was to be co-produced between Lewis and Universal-International Pictures vice-president Edward Muhl and co-star Douglas and Rock Hudson.[165] - Although the original Universal-International Pictures deal only called for a single film, Bryna Productions was already negotiating with the company's president, Milton Rackmil, for the financing and distribution of additional films, as it had done with Loew at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[164] By mid-May 1958, Bryna Productions had secured a second picture deal which was amended to the existing contract.[166] The second Bryna Productions film to be financed and distributed by Universal-International Pictures was to be Spartacus, a historical epic about the Thracian gladiator adapted from Howard Fast's 1951 novel.[158] Bryna Productions had hoped to make the film through United Artists, but the company had turned the project down.[144] When pitched to Universal-International Pictures executives, Spartacus was to be directed by Laurence Olivier, with whom Douglas had become acquainted during the preparation for The Devil's Disciple (co-starring Olivier), with an assemble cast of big names, including Douglas, Olivier, Charles Laughton and Peter Ustinov.[167] Because of the remarkable star-power, Bryna Productions was able to secure a $4,000,000 budget for the production of Spartacus, which was scheduled to start filming in October 1958, also using CinemaScope cameras and Technicolor film, immediately following the completion of The Devil's Disciple in the fall of 1958.[158] Another project which Bryna Productions was developing in 1958 was Nikolai Narokov's newly translated Russian novel The Chains of Fear, a story that takes place behind the Iron Curtain and was to star Ernest Borgnine.[168][169] In late May 1958, Bryna Productions announced that Tony Curtis had been cast for A Most Contagious Game, and that the film would be co-produced by the actor's film production company, Curtleigh Productions for Universal-International Pictures.[170] A Most Contagious Game was to be filmed in late 1958.[170] - The Vikings premiered in New York on June 12, 1958, at dual cinema houses in New York City: the Victoria Theatre and the Astor Theatre, which were side by side and took up a full block on Broadway between West 45th Street and West 46th Street.[171][172] To promote the event, Bryna Productions commissioned the largest and costliest theater marquee-billboard advertisement ever manufactured at the time; a 261-foot long (22,825 square feet), three-dimensional, electrically articulated spectacular that extended across the entire block, hanging across the façade of both theaters.[171][173] The billboard, which included 6,000 light bulbs, a 52-foot sail and eleven moving oars, alone cost $105,000 to make, which was included in United Artists' $2,000,000 advertising and publicity campaign budget allocated for the picture during the summer of 1958.[156][171] The film then premiered in Los Angeles on June 19, 1958, at the Fox-Wilshire Theater; this movie house, too, was decorated with Norse-theme articles for a cost of $4,000, followed by an after-party for over 200 guests, Hollywood celebrities and members of the press.[172][174] The film premiered in London on July 8, 1958, at the Leicester Square Theatre and was attended by Prince Philip,[171] and the movie was also screened at a handful of European film festivals, including the San Sebastián International Film Festival in Spain and the Brussels World Film Festival in Belgium.[158][175] - The Vikings became one of the most successful films of 1958;[176] it was one of the biggest money-makers of the year and was bestowed several awards.[172] It received a Golden Laurel Award for Top Action Drama, the San Sebastián International Film Festival awarded it the Zulueta Prize, and the Directors Guild of America nominated it for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures. United Artists Records also released a soundtrack LP of Mario Nascimbene's original score performed by Hal Schaefer's Orchestra.[158][175] - The amount of Douglas-focused publicity surrounding The Vikings, in which the actor was given credit for practically making the film on his own, lead to Bresler's departure as Producer and General Manager of Bryna Productions after three years with the company.[172] Bresler explained that there was no enmity between him and Douglas, but that he felt more like his stooge than his partner.[172] Bresler noted that the issue lay more in the way filmmaking was written about by members of the press and perceived by the public once an actor became an executive producer and owner of an independent film production company, which in turn led to important personnel in the film projects being left uncredited.[172] Bresler noted that posters and advertisements for The Vikings read ""A Kirk Douglas Production"", while Bresler had in fact produced the film through Bryna Productions.[176] Bresler immediately formed his own film production company, Jerry Bresler Productions, and offered Douglas the lead in either one of his first two planned productions: Peer Gynt and The Old Man's Place.[172] United Artists president Krim additionally revealed, a year later, that Douglas had deliberately exaggerated the film's cost as a publicity stunt (as Hecht-Lancaster Productions had done two years prior to publicize Trapeze).[177] Douglas and Margulies, through their press relations firm Public Relations Consultants, had told the press that The Vikings had gone overbudget by more than a million dollars, bringing the total cost of production, publicity and releasing the film to over $6,000,000; Krim corrected the figure to a final cost of $3,400,000, based on an agreed budget of $3,250,000.[177] - In June 1958, Lewis announced that Bryna Productions had secured a financing and distribution deal with United Artists Television for the production of 39 episodes for the company's first television program, The Vikings (the title King of the Vikings had been dropped).[172] Instead of filming another pilot (which had failed to garner interest in 1957), the company instead screened The Vikings feature film to entice sponsors and explained that the television show would be shot in the same film studio in Germany and make use of the same sets, costumes and props (in which Bryna Productions had invested $300,000).[156][178] - Douglas remained in England after the London opening of The Vikings to work on The Devil's Disciple, which began filming on July 28, 1958, with director Alexander Mackendrick at Associated British Elstree Studios and on location at Dyrham Park, Hertfordshire in England.[159][172][177] Lead producer Hecht was however unhappy about Mackendrick's direction and replaced him with Guy Hamilton in August 1958.[175] In July 1958, Bryna Productions announced that it had acquired Ray Bradbury's services as a teleplay writer for a new television series titled Report from Space (or Report from Outer Space) for National Broadcasting Company.[179] The half-hour episode program was to center around science fiction stories developed by Bradbury, adapted mainly from stories published in his two novels, The Illustrated Man and The Martian Chronicles.[180][181] Bradbury was appointed Story Editor of the series and was to write teleplays for a quarter of each season's episodes, with John Fulton producing the show.[182] MCA tried to sell the show but there were no takers.[175] - In September 1958, while Douglas was still in England shooting The Devil's Disciple, Bryna Productions' vice-president Lewis announced that the company would be filming a biopic of Simón Bolívar, to be titled The Adventures of Simon Bolivar, or Simon Bolivar the Liberator, with Douglas likely to play the lead.[183] Veteran film director-producer Cecil B. DeMille objected to Bryna Productions making a picture on the subject, claiming it had ""reserved"" the rights to a similar story back in 1938, though DeMille had no current plans to develop the story.[183] DeMille passed away only five months later, and although Bryna Productions had hoped to film Simón Bolívar's story by the end of 1959, the project never came to fruition. Lewis also appointed George M. Cahan as producer-director and Elmo Williams (who had been second unit director on The Vikings) as director and supervising editor of The Vikings television show.[184][175][185] Cahan, in turn, hired Talbot Jennings, Robert Blees, George W. George, Lorraine Williams, Bob Mitchell, Fred Freiberger, DeWitt Bodeen, William Edmund Barrett and Sidney Morse to write the teleplays.[186] - In early November 1958, Bryna Productions announced its forthcoming production plans, which included eleven films and three television series to be made for a total budget of $30,000,000 over the next three-to-four years.[187] In addition to the previously-announced Spartacus, Viva, Gringo!, The Adventures of Simon Bolivar, Michael Strogoff, The Brave Cowboy, The Silent Gun, A Most Contagious Game and The Shadow, Bryna Productions added And the Rock Cried Out, The Indian Wars and The Sun at Midnight to its film production schedule, together budgeted at $25,000,000.[187] And the Rock Cried Out, an original science fiction novel by Ray Bradbury, had been in circulation for some time. British director Carol Reed had optioned the property in the mid-1950s and brought it over to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions in May 1957 as his second directorial task for the company (following Trapeze).[188] Reed and Bradbury developed a screenplay together, which was ultimately acquired by Bryna Productions in 1958 with plans to film on location in Mexico.[189][190] The Sun at Midnight, an original story and screenplay developed by Lewis, was set in the far north amongst the Eskimos, while The Indian Wars was a western.[187] A Most Contagious Game was still under development with Curtis, but was pushed back as his third picture for Bryna Productions following The Vikings and Spartacus, while Verne's Michael Strogoff picture budget had been reduced from $15,000,000 to $7,500,000.[187] The remaining $5,000,000 budget was to be divided between three television series: the previously announced The Vikings and Report from Space, and the newly announced The Indian Fighter, adapted from Bryna Productions' 1955 feature film, set to star John Ireland.[187][191] In January 1959, Bryna Productions' three-year option on A Most Contagious Game expired and the filming rights were scooped up by Dick Clark.[192] Curtis would later option the property for development through his own film production company, Curtis Enterprises; that version of the film would also never be made.[193] - Spartacus began filming on January 5, 1959, using CinemaScope cameras and Technicolor film, in California with director Anthony Mann, while Bryna Productions' inaugural television show, Tales of the Vikings, setup production in black and white at Bavaria Filmkunst in Geiselgasteig, Germany with Jerome Courtland in the lead; both productions would film for fourteen months.[187][194][195] On February 16, 1959, after a full month of location shooting in Death Valley, California, followed by four days at Universal Studios, Mann quit the production due to artistic differences; Douglas quickly called Kubrick (who had just been fired as director of One-Eyed Jacks)[196] to step in as Spartacus' new director.[197][36] In February 1959, Bryna Productions reported that Spartacus had gone $1,000,000 over its planned $5,000,000 budget;[198] a figure that doubled to $2,000,000 by mid-April 1957.[199] The amount overspent had increased to $4,000,000 by mid-July,[200] and in August, Douglas and Margulies, through Public Relations Consultants, reported that the company had spent twice its intended budget, bringing the picture up to a cost of $10,000,000 and naming it the most expensive picture ever filmed in Hollywood.[201][202] The press was however skeptical of these financial claims, since Bryna Productions had already been exposed for exaggerating its production costs as a publicity stunt for The Vikings the year prior.[177][200][201] During the filming of Spartacus at Universal Studios, the production company invested in a 60-foot wide, double-tube neon sign, which was logically installed on top of a Roman temple set that overlooked the Hollywood Freeway in San Fernando Valley, in such a way that nearby drivers would have no choice but be informed of the upcoming film.[203] - Last Train from Gun Hill premiered in early July 1959 at the Capitol Theatre in New York City.[199][200] The film did fairly well at the box office and Anthony Quinn was later nominated for a Golden Laurel Award for Top Action Performance.[204] Later that month, Margulies was named executive producer of Tales of the Vikings and traveled to Germany to oversee the production with directors Cahan, Williams, Steve Previn and Michael Braun.[204] Also in July 1959, Bryna Productions showed interest in filming Milton Berle and John Roeburt's novel Earthquake, a drama about a group of individuals who get stranded in Mexico when an earthquake hits.[205] The Devil's Disciple premiered on August 20, 1959, at dual theaters (like The Vikings) the Normandie Theatre and the Astor Theatre in New York City, by which time the film's co-production company, Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions had called it quits.[201][204] The film later earned Olivier a BAFTA nomination for Best British Actor. Tales of the Vikings did not premiere on a network but instead went straight to syndication, with broadcasts starting in early September 1959, while additional shows continued to be filmed until February 1960.[206][195] - In April 1959, Bryna Productions announced that it had acquired Vechel Howard's novel Sundown at Crazy Hose, scheduled to be filmed under the title Day of the Gun as part of a third one-picture financing and distribution deal with Universal-International Pictures.[203] The film was given the same production qualities as the planned Viva, Gringo!, also set to star Douglas and be filmed in widescreen and color.[207] By December 1959, Viva, Gringo! had been abandoned in favor of Day of the Gun, and Rock Hudson was assigned to the new picture, with Robert Aldrich tied as director, and Eugene Frenke and Lewis co-producing.[208][209] - Bryna Productions had earlier in 1958 negotiated with Columbia Pictures for a financing and distribution deal of a film titled Two-Headed Spy, based on a development of an earlier project titled The Syndicate.[1] In September 1959, Douglas signed on to star and co-produce in Richard Quine's drama Strangers When We Meet, financed and to be distributed by Columbia Pictures.[208] The film co-starred Kim Novak and Ernie Kovacs and was the first movie produced through Quine's new film production company, Quine Productions (co-producing with Bryna Productions).[204] The Beach Boys, a Hawaii-based story scripted by Blake Edwards to co-start Tony Curtis, in early 1958, was announced as the second Columbia Pictures-financed Bryna Productions film, which would be co-produced by Curtis' Curtleigh Productions.[1][210][211] Strangers When We Meet began filming in October 1959, using CinemaScope cameras and Eastman Color film, in various locations of California.[208] Douglas' real-life sons Peter and Eric had small parts in the film.[212] In December 1959, Bryna Productions registered the titles War Between the Gods, War of the Gods and War of Two Gods for upcoming projects.[213] - In mid-February 1960, Bryna Productions announced that it would make the film Montezuma as part of a new Universal-International Pictures one-picture financing and distribution deal.[214][215] The plot was to be a semi-fictional story, based partly on Bernal Díaz del Castillo's memoire The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, revolving around Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés taking Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II prisoner and using the latter to conquest Mexico.[215][216] Following Spartacus, Viva, Gringo! and The Hot Eye of Heaven, Montezuma was the company's fourth film to secure a deal with Universal-International Pictures.[215] Philip Yordan was originally announced as the screenwriter for the project, though it was later revealed that he was fronting for Dalton Trumbo, who had been working on several Bryna Productions projects.[214][217] - In early March 1960, John Huston was approached to direct Trumbo's Montezuma script,[218] and the film was to be co-produced by Lewis and Frenke.[219][220] Douglas was to co-star as Cortés with Rock Hudson playing the role of Moctezuma II, following the pair's chemistry during the filming of The Hot Eye of Heaven.[220][221] Montezuma was planned to be filmed through Brynaprod,[217][218] entirely on location in Mexico during the first half of 1961, with a budget comparable to Spartacus', which foresaw the cost of fully rebuilding a replica of Moctezuma's Tenochtitlan city.[222][223] The film was already being advertised to the press as a superpic, targeted for roadshow screenings.[224] - In early April 1960, Linn Unkefer was appointed Publicity Director of Public Relations Consultants by Margulies, set to begin the promotion of the forthcoming film Day of the Gun, while Margulies was tied-up promoting Spartacus.[222] Day of the Gun started three months of filming, using Eastman Color film, on location in Mexico on May 11, 1960.[225][226] As the film was being produced outside the United States, Bryna Productions produced the movie through its Swiss subsidiary, Brynaprod.[222] By May 1960, the film's title had been changed to The Hot Eye of Heaven.[227] - Strangers When We Meet premiered on June 29, 1960, at dual theater houses: the Criterion Theatre in New York City and the Trans-Lux Theatre in Washington D.C.[222][228] At screenings, the movie was preceded by a half-hour promotional film of the actual building of the house featured prominently in the picture.[222] - Spartacus had its world premiere on October 6, 1960, at the DeMille Theatre in New York City, using a special ""roadshow print""; Super Technirama 70 film and cameras projected on spherical (curved) screens with a magnetic six-track stereophonic soundtrack.[229][230][231] The film premiere was advertised by a 90-foot high, 88-foot wide billboard-marquee erected above the DeMille Theatre, which utilized over 10,000 light bulbs.[232] By this time, Public Relations Consultants were reporting the film as having cost $12,000,000.[229][233] The roadshow print then had local premiere screenings in Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, Detroit, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, with an additional fifteen premieres in foreign countries.[229] Subsequent screenings, once the film opened to general public theaters, would be shown on 35 mm film prints with a monaural soundtrack. - Spartacus was one of the biggest box office success of 1960, 1961 and 1962 and went on to win several accolades. The film won four Academy Awards and was nominated for an additional two: Peter Ustinov won an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Russell Metty won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Color, Alexander Golitzen, Eric Orbom, Russell A. Gausman and Julia Heron shared an Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Color, Arlington Valles and Bill Thomas shared an Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Robert Lawrence was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing and Alex North was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture. The film won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an addition five: the film itself won a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Kubrick was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director, Olivier was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, Ustinov and Woody Strode were each nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, and Alex North was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. Kubrick was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source, Douglas was nominated for a Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Dramatic Performance and Ustinov was nominated for a Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Supporting Performance. The Motion Picture Sound Editors awarded the film a Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing - Feature Film, while the Writers Guild of America nominated Dalton Trumbo for an Award for Best Written American Drama. In 2017, the United States National Film Preservation Board deemed Spartacus ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"" and selected it for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. - Although Douglas hinted in interviews that he had no desire to produce a television series based on Spartacus, a pilot episode titled ""The Wooden Sword"" was scripted by Cyril Hume, dated April 1959.[1][234] In November 1960, Bryna Production announced it would next be filming Edward Abbey's novel The Brave Cowboy in mid-1961, under the title The Last Hero, for a modest budget of under $1,000,000.[235] The picture was to star Douglas and be produced and directed by Lewis;[236] at the time, no financing or distribution deal had been set but Bryna Productions hoped to secure a deal with Universal-International Pictures.[235] - In January 1961, after six years as Publicity Director of Bryna Productions and Vice-President of Public Relations Consultants, Margulies left the company to join Curtleigh Productions as its new vice-president.[237] Later that month, it was reported that Douglas and Lewis were in negotiations with 20th Century-Fox Film,[238] but the pair instead secured a six-picture financing and distribution deal between Universal-International Pictures and the newly activated Bryna Productions subsidiary Joel Productions, which had been registered in August 1956 and was named after Douglas' second son Joel Douglas.[239][240] The six-picture deal retroactively included Montezuma and The Last Hero, which had both been discussed with the major studio in 1960.[239][241] - In February 1961, Bryna Productions announced that it would be filming Montezuma in Hollywood instead of Mexico.[242] While early announcements had given talk to opposition from the Mexican government and competition from Mexican film producers,[243] the reason for switching to an American-made film was motivated by President John F. Kennedy's speech to buy American to combat the country's gold deficit.[242] Director John Huston was then re-writing the screenplay and the company was attempting to secure Marlon Brando for the role of Moctezuma II, with a budget of $10,000,000.[216][239][244] The company also announced that month that it had acquired Philip MacDonald's mystery novel The List of Adrian Messenger, planned for an early 1962 shooting with Alec Coppel writing the screenplay.[144][244] Lewis would produce the film as part of Universal-International Pictures' six-picture financing and distribution deal.[244] - The Last Hero began filming with director David Miller on May 1, 1961, using Panavision cameras with black and white film, on location at Paradise Hills, New Mexico, followed by additional photography in the Sandia Mountains, east of Albuquerque.[144][241][245][246] Douglas' eldest, sixteen year old Michael, who aspired to be an actor, spent the summer working on the film doing various jobs to learn the business.[247] The Hot Eye of Heaven was again retitled, this time to The Last Sunset, and premiered on June 8, 1961, at dual theaters in New York City: the Palace Theatre and the Trans-Lux 85th Street Theatre.[144][248][249] Although it received mixed reviews, the film did well at the box office and Douglas was nominated for a Golden Laurel Award for Top Action Performance. After the completion of The Last Hero, which was retitled Lonely Are the Brave, Miller directed a new trailer for Spartacus, the purpose of which was to promote a relaunch of the film, a year after its inaugural release, to smaller film houses.[250] - In mid-August 1961, Lewis traveled to Mexico for two weeks of location scouting for Montezuma, which had been retitled Savages.[251] Upon his return, Brynaprod announced that Savages would be filmed entirely in Mexico, on location in Cuernavaca and at Churubusco Studios, starting October 1961.[252][253] Mexican producer Olallo Rubio was to be tied to the production and help in securing the crew necessary on the forthcoming multi-million dollar epic picture.[252] Rubio revealed that although the Mexican film production staff was eager to give Douglas and Lewis the red carpet treatment and push for the making of the film, the Mexican Film Bureau still needed to approve of the script.[250] - In January 1962, Charles Schnee was recruited to rewrite The List of Adrian Messenger.[254][255] A month later, in early February 1962, it was announced that Joel Productions had purchased the stage and filming rights to Ken Kesey's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, less than a week after it had been published.[256] The property was one of Douglas' most treasured acquisition and, on par with The Shadow, would be the project which he attempted to bring to the screen for the longest period of time. Douglas immediately planned to star in both the stage and screen versions of the novel and first hired William Peter Blatty, then Dale Wasserman, to adapt the stage play and screenplay.[256] George Roy Hill was also to direct both the stage play and the filmed version, with Joel Productions planning to enter the legitimate theater by producing the stage version prior to the motion picture.[257][258] Also in February 1962, Bryna Productions and Rod Serling's film production company, Cayuga Productions, began looking into co-producing a film together.[259] - The addition of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest to the company's schedule brought the total number of active productions to six, which were planned to be filmed between 1962 and 1963.[255] The company hoped to make The List of Adrian Messenger, set to start in the spring of 1962 through Joel Productions, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, as a play in late 1962, followed by the film in early 1963, also through Joel Productions, Montezuma, scheduled to be filmed in late 1963 through Brynaprod (indicating it would likely be filmed outside the United States, and in Mexico, once again), and two additional films to be produced through Joel Productions without Douglas starring, for release in 1962 and 1963.[255][260] - Lonely Are the Brave premiered at the Majestic Theatre in Huston, Texas on May 24, 1962.[261] The film was a success and the Motion Picture Sound Editors awarded it a Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing - Feature Film. Douglas was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor and a Golden Laurel Award for Top Action Performance. In early August 1962, Brynaprod announced that Nick Adams had been cast as Douglas' co-star in Montezuma.[262] The List of Adrian Messenger began shooting with director John Huston at Elstree Studios in England, in early September 1962, followed by select location filming in Europe.[263] It was also announced in September 1962 that Douglas, Lewis, writer Rod Serling and director John Frankenheimer had formed a new partnership, under Joel Productions' flagship, and together purchased the filming rights to Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey II's novel Seven Days in May, days before it was published.[264] Seven Days in May, to be co-produced through Joel Productions, Cayuga Productions and the newly-formed John Frankenheimer Productions, marked the first of eight pictures directed by Frankenheimer and produced by Lewis. On December 24, 1962, Peter Vincent Music was dissolved and merged into Bryna Productions.[265] In February 1963, Joel Productions announced that Douglas, Lancaster and Spencer Tracy would co-star in Seven Days in May.[266] A month later, however, the company revealed that Fredric March had replaced Tracy, who exited the project after arguments over receiving sole top-billing.[267] - In mid-April 1963, it was announced that Joel Productions had secured a four motion picture and one theatrical play financing deal with Seven Arts Productions, the latter of which would also be responsible for securing the distribution of the films.[268] While Seven Arts Productions had originally started as an independent film production company in the 1950s, it had grown considerably and was then a non-distributing financing unit, funding outside pictures. The pact started with Seven Days in May, which was to be co-produced by Joel Productions and Frankenheimer's new film production company, John Frankenheimer Productions, and be distributed by Paramount Pictures.[269] The two companies would next stage the theatrical production of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in late 1963, followed by the film version, planned to be directed by Sidney Lumet in early 1964.[269] While the remaining two film property options in the agreement were not selected at the time of the announcement, one was later revealed to be Seconds, to be filmed in mid-1964.[269][270] - In early May 1963, Brynaprod announced that Montezuma would begin filming on location in Mexico, with a budget of $11,000,000, in January 1964.[271] Set to co-star in the film were Douglas as Hernán Cortés, Yul Brynner (who was to co-produce the picture) as Moctezuma II and Sophia Loren as La Malinche; the role of Cuauhtémoc was to be given to a noted Mexican actor.[271] The film was to be the most expensive motion picture ever filmed in Mexico and its production had been approved by the Mexican government.[271] - Seven Days in May began shooting at Paramount Studios on May 15, 1963, followed by several key locations in Washington D.C., San Diego, California, Arizona and Virginia.[269][272] The List of Adrian Messenger premiered on May 29, 1963, at dual theaters in New York City: the Warner Theatre and the Trans-Lux 52nd Street Theatre, followed by a Memorial Day weekend nationwide opening.[269] The film was highly publicized and did well at the box office; it was also nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture.[269] - In July 1963, Joel Productions announced that it had acquired David Ely's novel Seconds for $175,000, in cooperation with John Frankenheimer Productions.[273][270][274] The production team immediately hired Lewis John Carlino to write the screenplay, with Douglas set to play the lead, and planned for a March 1964 shooting.[270] In mid-October 1963, it was reported that Lewis and Frankenheimer would team up for a one-off picture deal for The Mirisch Corporation.[275] The Confessor was to star Anthony Perkins (later replaced by Tony Curtis) and Henry Fonda, from a screenplay by Carlino based on Jackson Donahue's novel of the same name.[275] It was to be Lewis' first project outside of the Bryna Productions umbrella since 1956; the project would however never make it to film.[275] - Although the stage version of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was originally to be produced directly through Joel Productions, Douglas and Lewis formed a new Bryna Productions subsidiary, Eric Productions, Incorporated, named after Douglas' fourth and youngest son, Eric Douglas.[276][277] The play was co-produced by Seven Arts Productions, which put up the $175,000 bankroll, and Broadway theatrical producer David Merrick, and was directed by Alex Segal.[277][278][279] One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest opened off-Broadway at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut on October 24, 1963, running for three performances until October 26, 1963.[280] It then opened at the Shubert Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts on October 24, 1963, running for thirteen performances until November 9, 1963.[281] The troupe was originally planning to perform for a week at the Fisher Theatre in Detroit, Michigan, but the engagement was cancelled.[282] The play finally opened on Broadway at the Cort Theatre on November 13, 1963, where it ran for 82 performances until January 25, 1964.[276] Douglas had anticipated the play to do well and rented a luxurious apartment in Manhattan for his family during its run, but the reviewers were divided; Douglas universally received favorable praise for his performance, but the play itself was generally disliked, which in turn soured the major studios from wanting to invest in a film version.[275][283] The remaining three pictures as part of the Seven Arts Productions deal would never be made. - In December 1963, Douglas' company was restructured, which resulted with the formation of Douglas and Lewis Productions.[284][285] Lewis was welcomed as a full partner in the corporation as part of a seven-year agreement with Douglas.[286] The new film production unit was filed as a subsidiary of the newly established umbrella corporation Kirk Douglas Enterprises, which oversaw the former assets of Bryna Productions, Brynaprod, Michael Productions, Joel Productions, Eric Productions, Peter Vincent Music and Public Relations Consultants.[287] Milton Shapiro, formerly an executive for Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions and Secretary of Bryna Productions, was appointed Treasurer of Kirk Douglas Enterprises.[288] - The new company announced a $15,000,000 1964–1965 program for the production of motion pictures, stage plays, television series and other commercial interests, all to be made directly through Douglas and Lewis Productions.[286] The films announced on the production schedule included Seconds, to begin filming in June 1964 with director-co-producer Frankenheimer and starring Douglas, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, to start filming in late 1964 with Douglas in the lead, and Montezuma, which would cost between $10–12,000,000 and would be filmed in 1965.[284][287][289] Ken Kesey was additionally commissioned to write an original story for screen adaptation.[287] Douglas and Lewis Productions also planned to prolong the stage production of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest with engagements on the West Coast and in England, but with another actor replacing Douglas in the lead.[287] - Following exhibitor screenings during the first week of December 1963, Seven Days in May premiered on February 12, 1964.[270][275] The film had a special cameo appearance by Douglas and Lewis Productions secretary Maggie Smith, whose picture appears on Frederic March's desk as the president's wife.[290] Seven Days in May was the company's biggest success since Spartacus four years prior, and the picture went on to win several accolades. It was nominated for two Academy Awards: one for Edmond O'Brien for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, another for Cary Odell and Edward G. Boyle for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black and White. Edmond O'Brien won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, while Frederic March was nominated for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, Frankenheimer was nominated for Best Director and Jerry Goldsmith was nominated for Best Original Score. The Writers Guild of America nominated Serling for Best Written American Drama, while the Golden Laurel Awards nominated Lancaster for Top Male Dramatic Performance and the film itself for Top Drama. Frankenheimer received a Boxoffice Blue Ribbon Award for Best Picture of the Month and a Bodil Award for Best Non-European Film, and March won a David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor. - In late February 1964, Douglas and Lewis Productions announced that a three-picture financing and distribution deal had been signed with Paramount Pictures. Douglas was to star in two of the three properties, the first of which was to be Seconds, set to go into pre-production in March 1964, once Douglas returned from a European trip promoting Seven Days in May.[291][292] While the two other properties as part of the Paramount Pictures deal were not immediately set, Montezuma was quickly added as the sophomore project, while the third picture was to be determined at a later time.[293][294] Plans to film Seconds were first delayed when Douglas accepted to appear in In Harm's Way for director-producer Otto Preminger, and again when he began filming The Heroes of Telemark for director Anthony Mann on location in Rjukan, Norway.[295][296] Meanwhile, Lewis continued to develop film properties with Frankenheimer. - In November 1964, after months of development, Douglas and Lewis Productions announced that it would be co-producing Grand Prix with John Frankenheimer Productions.[297] Grand Prix, a drama about the turbulent lives of racecar drivers, was to be directed by Frankenheimer, using the new Cinerama single-lens process, and based on an original screenplay by Carlino.[297] Due to further outside commitments, Douglas' participation with Douglas and Lewis Productions was reduced considerably. He spent most of 1965 filming in Europe, first in France for producer Paul Graetz's Transcontinental Films production Is Paris Burning?, then in Italy and Israel for writer-director-producer Melville Shavelson's Cast a Giant Shadow, which was co-produced through Shavelson's Llenroc Productions, John Wayne's Batjac Productions and the Mirisch brothers' The Mirisch Corporation. - By February 1965, Rock Hudson had been signed for the lead in Seconds as a co-production between Douglas and Lewis Productions, John Frankenheimer Productions and Hudson's Gibraltar Productions,[298][299] while Grand Prix was to star Douglas, Lancaster and Shirley MacLaine as a co-production between Douglas and Lewis Productions, John Frankenheimer Productions and Lancaster's Norlan Productions.[300] In March 1965, Lewis and Frankenheimer began the negotiation for a one-picture financing and distribution deal for Grand Prix with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[301] It would take until September 1965 for the contracts to be signed.[302] - It was also announced in March 1965 that Douglas and Lewis Productions and John Frankenheimer Productions had together purchased the filming rights to Robert Daley's photo-documentary book The Cruel Sport.[303] The property was planned to be made into a television pictures series to parallel Grand Prix; both were to be filmed at the same time, in the same manner as The Vikings and Tales of the Vikings had been produced.[303] The television series, however, became questionable when John Sturges' Alpha Productions and Steve McQueen's Solar Productions threatened a lawsuit, claiming they had already purchased the rights to the novel and planned to make their own picture about auto racing.[303] In May 1965, the production team signed an exclusive two-year contract with all of the official European Grand Prix racing circuits and European Endurance racing circuits.[304] The deal gave Douglas and Lewis Productions and John Frankenheimer Productions the exclusive filming rights of the races and the use of the tracks during the off-season.[304] - Seconds began filming on June 14, 1965, at Paramount Studios, followed by location shooting in Malibu and the Pacific Coast Highway in California and in New York City and Scarsdale in New York.[305][306] By September 1965, when the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract for Grand Prix was finally concluded, Robert Alan Aurthur had replaced Carlino as screenwriter and Hudson was approached to play one of the leads in the $9,000,000-budgeted film.[302][307] Douglas had pulled out from co-starring in Grand Prix in favor of appearing in The Way West for Harold Hecht, a western project which Hecht-Lancaster Productions had been developing since late 1953, and The War Wagon for John Wayne's Batjac Productions.[308] - In October 1965, Douglas and Lewis Productions announced that it had secured a one-picture financing and distribution deal with Warner Brothers Pictures for The Hoods.[309] The Hoods (later released as The Brotherhood), was an original screenplay by Carlino about the mafia and was to star Douglas.[310] Lewis was to produce the film while Martin Ritt would direct and co-produce through his film production company, Martin Ritt Productions.[310] In November 1965, Albert Maltz's original screenplay Bar Silver, loosely based on Robert Lewis Stevenson's Treasure Island, was completed and delivered to Bryna Productions.[311][1] Bar Silver would go through several rewrites by Douglas, Sid Fleischman and Richard Freed, and titles, including The Rascals and Scalawag, before it was filmed. Another property acquired around this time was Yukio Mishima's The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea, with Carlino assigned to write the screenplay.[1] Ten years later, Carlino would direct the film, with no ties to Bryna Productions. - Seconds premiered on May 16, 1966, at the Cannes International Film Festival, where it competed as the United States' film entry and was nominated for a Palme D'Or.[312] The film later opened to American theaters in September 1966 and was well received by the press and public. Hudson was nominated for a Bambi Award for Best Actor - International while James Wong Howe was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black and White. In 2015, the United States National Film Preservation Board deemed Seconds ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"" and selected it for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. - In February 1966, James Garner was signed as the American lead in Grand Prix, through a deal where his independent film production company, Cherokee Productions, would co-produce the film.[313] The rest of the cast boasted international stars, including Toshiro Mifune, Yves Montand, Eva Marie Saint and Brian Bedford.[314] In April 1966, Douglas and Lewis Productions acquired James William Drought's novel The Gypsy Moths and hired David Heilweil to write the screenplay, planning for Douglas to star in the picture.[1][315] Grand Prix began filming on May 22, 1966, using Cinerama single-lens process cameras and Metrocolor film, entirely on location in Europe.[314] The authentic locations included the Monaco Grand Prix in Monte Carlo, the Italian Grand Prix in Monza, the Belgian Grand Prix in Spa, the Dutch Grand Prix in Zandvoort, the British Grand Prix in Kent, the French Grand Prix in Reims, the 24 Hours of Le Mans in Le Mans, France, the Targa Florio in Sicily and the Nürburgring 24 Hours in Nürburgring, Germany.[314][316][317] Meanwhile, in the United States, Douglas arranged a co-production deal between Joel Productions and Malcolm Stuart's film production company, Coldwater Productions, to film Scalawag on location in Texas during the autumn of 1966 after wrapping up The Way West.[318][319] Stuart also planned to move Coldwater Productions' offices to Paramount Studios' lot in order to facilitate work on the picture and be near Douglas and Lewis Productions.[319] - Once the shooting on Grand Prix was completed, Douglas and Lewis cancelled their seven-year pact and dissolved Douglas and Lewis Productions.[320][321] The film would still be released with the pair's former company credited and, as planned, Joel Productions filed the copyrights for the picture. Douglas continued to produce through Bryna Productions and Joel Productions while Lewis formed his own independent film production company, Edward Lewis Productions. Both teams retained offices in Paramount Studios' lot.[322] In mid-December 1966, Douglas restructured the company and announced Lewis' successor; he appointed Eleanor Wolquitt as Administrative Head and Story Editor of Bryna Productions.[323] Wolquitt, who had previously worked for Four Star International, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and 20th Century-Fox Film, was charged with finding and acquiring new story properties for development and assumed her new position on January 15, 1967.[324][322] - Grand Prix had its gala world premiere simultaneously in New York City and Tokyo, Japan on December 21, 1966.[307] The New York premiere was held at the Warner Cinerama Theatre, while the West Coast premiere was held at the Pacific Cinerama Dome Theatre in Los Angeles the next day, on December 22, 1966.[313] The film was presented in a special ""roadshow print"", projected using 70mm film on curved Cinerama screens with a six-track stereophonic soundtrack.[313] The film then opened to other Cinerama theaters in the world during late 1966 and early 1967.[307] Grand Prix was a huge success and won three Academy Awards: Franklin Milton won one for Best Sound, Gordon Daniel won one for Best Effects, Sound Effects, and Fredric Steinkamp, Henry Berman, Stu Linder and Frank Santillo shared one for Best Film Editing. Frankenheimer was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures, Steinkamp, Berman, Linder and Santillo were nominated for an American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film, and Antonio Sabato and Jessica Walter were each nominated for Golden Globe Awards for Most Promising Newcomer. - In January 1967, Douglas and Lewis each announced their separate plans. Edward Lewis Productions and John Frankenheimer Productions together signed a four-picture financing and distribution deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, for the production of several films which had been developed earlier, during the Douglas and Lewis Productions era.[325] Lewis and Frankenheimer went on to co-produce five films together, including The Fixer, The Extraordinary Seaman and The Gypsy Moths, as part of their Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer pact, followed by I Walk the Line and The Horsemen, as part of a subsequent pact with Columbia Pictures.[325][326] - Douglas held a press conference at his Beverly Hills home announcing that Bryna Productions' immediate development schedule included three films: the outdoor adventure-swashbuckler Bar Silver, to be filmed on location in Texas and Mexico, the mafia story The Hoods, to be filmed on location in New York and Sicily, and the long-anticipated adventure-spectacle Montezuma, to be filmed partly on location in Mexico and partly in studio in Hollywood.[308][324] By this time, Warner Brothers Pictures' option on The Hoods had expired and Montezuma was no longer backed by Universal Pictures; Bryna Productions still owed Paramount Pictures three films and Douglas hinted that at least one of the three films may go towards it.[323] Douglas also announced that, contrary to the past when Lewis would function in a production capacity on all Bryna Productions pictures, each future project would involve the casting of a producer, much in the same manner as choosing a director, screenwriter or actor.[323] - In February 1967, Douglas traveled to Mexico in an attempt to finalize the production of Montezuma but was unsuccessful.[323] In early May 1967, Bryna Productions and Martin Ritt Productions secured a $3,500,000 financing and distribution deal for The Brotherhood with Paramount Pictures.[327][328][329] The picture started filming immediately following Douglas' commitment with A Lovely Way to Die,[328] on location in Sicily on September 14, 1967, followed by New York City locations in October 1967.[330][331][332] Typical of Ritt-produced films, the producer formed a single-purpose film production subsidiary named after the film, The Brotherhood Company, to act as copyright holder.[333] - In the summer of 1967, Universal Pictures re-released Spartacus, accompanied by a massive promotional campaign.[334][327] Unbeknownst to Douglas or past Bryna Productions executives who worked on the film, Universal Pictures cut 23 minutes from the picture for its re-release, a move which Douglas expressed unfavorably of in interviews.[327] Douglas was so displeased with Universal Pictures' decision to cut the film without his knowledge, learning of it only through friends and reading a Variety article, that he refused to the see the edited cut.[327] Douglas explained that had he been consulted, certain logical scenes and sequences would have been removed, rather than chopping bits and pieces at random and shortening scenes.[327] - In March 1968, Bryna Productions acquired the filming rights to Ron Cowen's drama play Summertree and hired the author to adapt it into a screenplay.[335][336] At the same time, Bryna Productions became affiliated with The Bronc Rider, which screenwriters Ronald M. Cohen and Dennis R. Shryack had adapted from William Crawford's novel of the same name, and were producing through their own film production company, Ronden Productions.[337] Douglas agreed to star in and co-produce the film, which then secured financing and distribution through Paramount Pictures.[337] The project, however, fell out of favor when Cohen and Shryack began putting their attention towards The Good Guys and the Bad Guys, which they had also written and were producing, with Robert Mitchum starring. - In mid-June 1968, Bryna Productions announced that it was planning an animated television film based on Jonathan Swift's classic novel Gulliver's Travels.[338] The hour-long film was to be a co-production with animation studio Filmation and Douglas would narrate the picture.[338] The film would also have original songs and be broadcast on television annually.[338] In early July 1968, Norman Kurland was appointed Executive Assistant of Bryna Productions, with the job of developing new film projects for the company.[339][340] Later that month, Bryna Productions secured a financing and distribution deal for Summertree with Columbia Pictures, and scheduled to film the story in early 1969.[341] In mid-December 1968, Douglas signed a starring and co-production, financing and distribution deal for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest between Bryna Productions and film producer Joseph E. Levine's Avco-Embassy Pictures, also set to shoot in 1969.[342] - The Brotherhood opened in December 1968 and was generally well-received during previews.[343] Carlino was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Original Screenplay. Douglas delayed the filming of Bryna Productions projects due to the immediate filming schedule on his next two starring pictures: Elia Kazan's The Arrangement and Joseph L. Mankiewicz's There Was a Crooked Man..., which were filmed between October 1968 and July 1969.[344][345] In May 1969, Bryna Productions acquired the filming rights to Pierre Boulle's novel The Photographer, a thriller about a photographer that becomes involved with a plot to assassinate the president, which had been translated by Xan Fielding the year prior and published for the English market.[346] That year, Bryna Productions also acquired the filming rights to Jules Verne's novel The Lighthouse at the End of the World, a survivalist adventure story that takes place on an isolated island.[347][1] The project was assigned to screenwriter Tom Rowe, with plans for filming on location in Spain in 1970 with Douglas in the lead.[347][348] - In 1969, Douglas began donating Bryna Productions' archival paperwork, as well as his personal film-related memorabilia, to the Wisconsin Historical Society's Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research, located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in Madison, Wisconsin.[1][349] The donations continued yearly, until 1981, and included such material as working and final scripts, casting notes, actor, crew and studio contracts, salaries, correspondence, advertisements and financial records.[1] - Over the years, Bryna Productions had occasionally been referred to by the press as ""the Bryna company"", but in January 1970, it started to regularly appear under the name The Bryna Company, with an official announcement rolling out to the press in late May 1970.[350][351] Douglas opted to update the company's name when he envisioned welcoming his family into the corporate structure and made his wife Anne Douglas Vice-President and Treasurer of The Bryna Company and Joan Eisleben Secretary of The Bryna Company.[352][353] - By this time, 26 year old Michael Douglas had worked on Joel Productions' Lonely Are the Brave, appeared in some uncredited walk-on parts in Eric Productions' stage play One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and worked behind the scenes on non-produced Kirk Douglas starrers like Cast a Giant Shadow and The Heroes of Telemark.[354] Michael, who was set to star in Summertree, and had already formed his own independent film production company on November 24, 1969, Bigstick Productions, Limited.[355][344][356] 23 year old Joel Douglas had not participated in his father's film career, but would later take part in several projects as production manager and producer. 15 year old Peter Douglas had already made cameo appearances in Brynaprod's The Vikings and Bryna Productions' Strangers When We Meet, and would go on to head The Bryna Company in the 1980s. 12 year old Eric Douglas had also made a cameo appearance in Strangers When We Meet, and would appear in Bryna Productions' upcoming film A Gunfight, but ultimately took little interest in the family's film production company. Buydens had done several jobs for the company, including heading the casting department, publicity and editing.[357][358] - Though the name The Bryna Company was used for many months prior, it was only officially registered on October 29, 1970, while Kirk Douglas was in Spain filming The Light at the Edge of the World.[265][90] The new company was formed by merging Bryna Productions and Joel Productions together into a single entity, by way of renaming Joel Productions to The Bryna Company, and then merging Bryna Productions into The Bryna Company.[265][90] As such, the Douglases and the press continued to use and refer to the companies alternatively as Bryna Productions, Joel Productions and The Bryna Company for most of 1970 and into 1971 as pre-merger films were released. - In January 1970, Bryna Productions announced that it had three active productions which would be filmed before the end of the year: Summertree, The Light at the Edge of the World and A Gunfight.[359] Summertree was set to start filming on March 16, 1970, on location in California, co-starring Michael Douglas, Brenda Vaccaro and Jack Warden, and with Anthony Newly directing;[359][360] The Light at the Edge of the World was set to start filming on location in Spain in March 1970, co-starring Kirk Douglas, James Mason, Virna Lisi and Alan Bates, and with director Kevin Billington;[348][361] while A Gunfight, a western in which Kirk Douglas agreed to co-produce and co-star with country singer Johnny Cash for producers Harold Jack Bloom and Ronald Lubin, would be filmed with director Lamont Johnson on location in Spain in June 1970, immediately following the wrap-up of The Light at the Edge of the World.[362][363] A Gunfight was to be a co-production of Bryna Productions (which Douglas ultimately filed through Joel Productions), Blooms' Thoroughbred Productions and Lubin's Harvest Productions.[364][365][366] - Summertree began filming as scheduled, using new Synctrol wireless cameras, on location in Pasadena, California.[367][368] When the film wrapped up ahead of schedule, Newly was asked to direct three more films for Bryna Productions.[369] The Light at the Edge of the World and A Gunfight were, however, both delayed due to financing and the filming order was switched; neither film had yet secured a distribution deal. A Gunfight was originally to be filmed entirely in Spain, but when the New Mexico-based Jicarilla Apache Indian tribe put up $2,000,000 to finance the picture, superseding the $175,000 investment the film had garnered from European investors, and outbidding Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, United Artists and Harry Saltzman's Lowndes Productions, the location was moved to Mexico.[370][371] The Mexican Film Bureau quickly objected to shooting in their country due to the film's duel scene, which, they felt, presented a false image of Mexico in the 1800s, a time when duels were outlawed.[372] The local was then changed from Mexico to a Texas border town.[364] The Jicarilla Apache then imposed that the film be shot entirely in New Mexico and a full western town and sets were built outside of Santa Fe, where filming began in May 1970.[366][371] Through further negotiations, the financier eventually allowed the production company to film for a week at the Ocaña bullfighting ring in Spain.[366][370][373] The picture was still filming when Paramount Pictures secured the film's distribution for the United States and Canada in mid-July 1970.[366][374] - The $4,000,000 The Light at the Edge of the World went through several investors and co-producing companies before securing a Spanish financier and the picture finally made it into production.[375] Bryna Productions and Joel Productions were each listed by the press during the making of the film, although Brynaprod, which had been formed to produce films outside the United States, was never attached. In early February 1970, Alexander Salkind signed on as co-producer through his Swiss independent film production company, Vulcano Film Handels.[376] Salkind and his son Ilya Salkind would ultimately co-produce The Light at the Edge of the World through two of their many imprints and subsidiaries; first through Spanish company Barcarola, then through Leicthenstein company Triumfilm Anstalt.[181][377] Salkind also recycled several of the originally-cast actors for his other film productions, like James Mason in Kill! and Virna Lisi in Bluebeard, when Yul Brynner and Samantha Eggar were re-cast as co-stars.[378][379] In late May 1970, Angelo Rizzoli's Italian independent film production company, Rizzoli Films, became attached to the project and in September 1970, Bryna Productions was negotiating a European distribution deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[361][379][375] Alfredo Matas' Spanish company Jet Films also participated on the project.[181][380][381] - In late October 1970, Bryna Productions secured an American distribution deal for The Light at the Edge of the World with National General Pictures and filming began, using Panavision cameras and Eastmancolor film, on location in Spain.[181][382] The locals extended through Colmenar Viejo in Madrid, Cap de Creus in Cadaqués, Girona, Catalonia, La Manga del Mar Menor in Murcia, Jávea in Alicante, Valencia and at the Club Meditérranée.[181][383] In mid-December 1970, Joel Productions bought out Wasserman's remaining interests in his screenplay of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, hoping to film it in the coming year with further development; Wasserman retained the rights to the play and any potential television version.[384] - By February 1971, Bryna Productions had negotiated a co-producing and co-starring deal for Douglas to appear in a Euro-spy comedy film adaptation of George Marton and Tibor Meray's novel Catch Me a Spy.[385][386] The screenplay was written by Ian La Frenais and Dick Clement and featured French actress Marlene Jobert and British actors Trevor Howard and Tom Courtenay.[386] The film's title was first changed to Fabienne, then to Keep Your Fingers Crossed, and finally To Catch a Spy,[387] and was co-produced by Nat Wachsberger's two film production companies, England-based Ludgate Films and France-based Capitole Films, as well as Pierre Braunberger's French film production company Les Films de la Pléiade.[388][389][390] To Cath a Spy began filming, using Panavision cameras and Technicolor film, on March 22, 1971, on location in London, England and Oban, Scotland with director Dick Clement.[390][391][392] In May 1971, Rank Film Distributors picked up the option to distribute To Catch a Spy in the United Kingdom, while Films Around the World would do the same for the American market.[393] Once filming was completed on To Catch a Spy, Douglas and Wachsberger made plans to co-produce at least two more films together, through The Bryna Company, Ludgate Films and Capitole Films; both were to be made in Europe.[394] - Bryna Productions had planned to produce One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest after Douglas returned to the United States in May 1971, which was to be shot entirely in Hollywood before the end of the year.[392][395] Douglas was debating the idea of starring in the film and strongly considered directing it instead, looking to cast Lee Grant or Colleen Dewhurst in the role of Nurse Mildred Ratched.[396] The film was delayed yet again and by October 1971, Kirk had passed the project on to his son Michael, who, in turn, dedicated several more years developing the film through The Bryna Company.[397][398] - Bryna Productions had a record-setting four pictures released within a six-month period in mid-1971, and with the added re-release promotion of Walt Disney Productions' 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, brought Douglas' name up to five films on the screen.[375] A Gunfight, which featured Eric Douglas,[399] had its world premiere on May 27, 1971, at Leows Theater in Albuquerque, New Mexico,[400] while Summertree opened later that month.[401] The Light at the Edge of the World held its world premiere on June 16, 1971, at six different theaters in the Washington D.C.-Baltimore, Maryland area.[375][402] The film earned Fernando Rey a Fotogramas de Plata nomination for Best Spanish Movie Performer. To Catch a Spy opened in London in October 1971.[403] - By 1972, The Bryna Company had set up its office at 141 El Camino Drive in Beverly Hills, California;[404] formerly the headquarters of Four Star Productions and the Producers Guild of America.[405][406] Douglas had anticipated filming four The Bryna Company projects in the United States between mid-1971 and through 1972, but was unable to secure American financing for the projects.[381] Instead, he spent fourteen months shooting in Europe and the United Kingdom.[395][407] In March 1972, The Bryna Company announced that Douglas would make his directorial debut with the $1,250,000 adventure film Scalawag, due to be filmed on location in Yugoslavia during the summer of 1972.[408][409] Douglas planned to make the film as a family unit, securing his wife Anne Douglas as producer, his son Peter Douglas as still photographer, his son Eric Douglas as producer's assistant and their Labrador Retriever, Shaft Douglas, cast as Beau in the picture; Kirk Douglas himself acted, directed, co-produced and co-wrote the picture.[410][411] Michael Douglas, who was working on One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,[412] had hoped to join the family on location but remained in California after being cast as co-star of American Broadcasting Company's new crime television series The Streets of San Francisco, which began shooting in late March 1972 and went on through most of the year.[413][414] - Filming on Scalawag started on June 19, 1972 in Starigrad-Paklenica, Yugoslavia (modern day Paklenica, Croatia), an obscure town located between the Adriatic coast and the Velebit mountains.[415][416][417] When The Bryna Company cast and crew arrived, the area was so remote that it was not listed on any map, but within weeks of their arrival, the town had been inundated by tourists who wanted to be near Hollywood stars.[416] Scalawag was the first film produced after the official renaming of The Bryna Company, and was made in cooperation with Yugoslavia's Inex Film and Italy's Oceania Produzioni Internazionali Cinematografiche film production companies.[418] The film starred Kirk Douglas, Mark Lester, Lesley-Anne Down, Neville Brand and Danny DeVito, one of Michael Douglas' old friends.[419] The film also featured noted comic actor Mel Blanc, who voiced the drunken parrot.[420] Blanc would shortly after hire Joel Douglas as an executive for his media company, Blanc Communications Corporation, developing and producing commercials.[421][422] Joel Douglas would later head The Douglas Company, another Kirk Douglas subsidiary[423] - Immediately after filming wrapped on Scalawag, the Douglas family travelled to London, England for The Bryna Company's co-production of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.[424] The musical adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's novel had been announced in late April 1972, when producers Douglas, Burt Rosen and David Winters hired Lionel Bart to compose new numbers for the production.[425][424] The picture was filmed at Shepperton Studios in London with Joel Douglas as production coordinator, and featured Kirk Douglas, Michael Redgrave, Susan Hampshire, Susan George, Donald Pleasence and Stanley Holloway.[407] - In January 1973, Michael Douglas announced that One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest would be financed by Fantasy Films in a co-production deal with The Bryna Company.[398][426] Kirk Douglas was to act as executive producer, while Michael Douglas and Fantasy Films' Saul Zaentz would act as producers.[427][428] Kirk Douglas was hoping to play one of the featured roles in the film, while Michael Douglas scoured to find a lead.[429][430] Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde premiered on National Broadcasting Company on March 7, 1973, sponsored by Timex, and was scheduled to be released theatrically in Europe and the United Kingdom afterwards.[431][407] The television film was a success and it was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards: Irwin Kostal was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction of a Variety, Musical or Dramatic Program, Emma Porteous was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design and Neville Smallwood was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Makeup. - In late March 1973, Michael Douglas traveled to Olympia, Washington to scout locations for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, aiming for the picture to be filmed at the Northern State Hospital in Sedro-Woolley, Washington.[432] In May 1973, Kirk Douglas and Frank Yablans inked a two-picture contract between The Bryna Company and Paramount Pictures.[433] The deal called for the worldwide distribution of Scalawag as well as a promissory financing of $2,000,000 and the worldwide distribution of The Bryna Company's next motion picture, Posse.[434][435] The financing of the secondary film by Paramount Pictures was conditional to The Bryna Company raising half of the budget on their own; Paramount Pictures was only guaranteeing their $1,000,000 investment if The Bryna Company could also put up $1,000,000.[435] Posse, a psychological western, was to be another The Bryna Company family-made picture with Kirk Douglas directing, Anne Douglas producing, Joel Douglas assistant producer and Peter Douglas post-production supervisor.[434][436] The screenplay was written by Christopher Knopf and William Roberts from Larry Cohen's short story The Train.[437] When announced, the film was to start shooting in January 1974 in the United States with Kirk Douglas and Bruce Dern co-starring.[438][439][358] - In early June 1973, Michael Douglas announced that The Bryna Company would be filming its $2,000,000 film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest on location at Oregon State Hospital in Salem, Oregon during the late summer and early fall of 1973.[440] Ken Kesey was hired to re-write the screenplay from his own novel, while Hal Ashby was secured to direct the film;[441][437] it was Ashby's idea to cast Jack Nicholson in the lead, after working with the actor on The Last Detail, though the producers were also considering Stacy Keach, James Caan and Bruce Dern for the part.[442][443] By September 1973, screenplay disputes and the author's refusal to submit his final script and sign the contract forced the filming to be pushed back to January 1974; screenwriter Lawrence Hauben was hired to rewrite the script and Miloš Forman came on as director.[444][445][446] Scalawag premiered on October 16, 1973, in six key cities: Chicago, Illinois; Louisville, Kentucky; Albany, New York; Worcester, Massachusetts; Waterloo, Iowa; and Miami, Florida.[447] - In March 1974, Peter Douglas formed The Bryna Company subsidiary Bryna International, a photographic service company.[448] The Bryna Company's two 1974 productions, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Posse, were both pushed back from their planned early 1974 filming dates. Michael Douglas' production of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was first pushed back to mid-March 1974, then to May 1974, and then again to September 1974.[442][449][450] The reason was stated to be due to scheduling conflicts.[443][451] By September 1974, the film had again been pushed back to January 1975.[452] In July 1974, Phil Feldman was appointed executive producer of Posse and Howie Pine was hired as production manager for the shooting.[453] Posse was filmed between September 23 and November 9, 1974,[454] using Panavision cameras with Technicolor film, on location at Old Tucson Studios, as well as in Florence and Sabino Canyon, Arizona.[455] The film also featured Bo Hopkins, James Stacy and Luke Askew.[456][457] - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was finally filmed from January to March 1975 at Oregon State Hospital, with Joel Douglas serving as unit production manager.[458][459] While the film was still shooting, Michael Douglas secured a one-picture distribution deal with United Artists.[460] Posse opened to theaters in mid-May 1975, accompanied by Kirk Douglas doing a promotional tour to publicize the film.[461] The picture's opening credit sequence announced that the film was a The Bryna Company production, but its copyrights were filled through Zeeuwse Maatschappij Naamloze Vennootschap, one of Paramount Pictures' many Curaçao-based subsidiaries under executive production manager Lindsley Parsons Jr.[462] Kirk Douglas was nominated for a Golden Berlin Bear award at Berlin International Film Festival for his performance in Posse. - In mid-September 1975, Paramount Pictures re-released Scalawag under the title Jamie's Treasure Hunt.[463] The film was screened in theaters as part of weekend matinee events for families and children, and the studio's new promotional campaign shifted the focus of the picture from Douglas's Peg Leg character to Mark Lester's Jamie character.[463][464] In mid-October 1975, The Bryna Company announced that it would make a two-hour television special depicting the life and career of actor John Barrymore.[465] Barrymore was to be financed and presented by National Broadcasting Company and Sidney Michaels was hired to write the teleplay.[465] Kirk Douglas planned to play the lead and it was to be Peter Douglas' inaugural project as a producer.[465] Filming was scheduled to start in March 1976 and was to be followed by five other video projects later that year, as part of the company's new television division.[465] - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest premiered on November 19, 1975, at the Regent Theatre in Westwood, Los Angeles, California and the next day headlined the Chicago International Film Festival, where it was nominated for a Gold Hugo Award for Best Feature.[466][467] Once released, neither the film's credits nor its publicity featured any mention of The Bryna Company, nor of Bigstick Productions, though the film had been developed and co-produced by both entities (in partnership with Fantasy Films).[468] Michael Douglas had been striving to detach himself from the ""Kirk Douglas' son"" tag which had been affixed to him in the 1960s, and wanted to establish his own identity.[469][401] He had achieved considerable success with The Streets of San Francisco, and was planning to continue producing films outside of The Bryna Company organization.[469] Afraid of nepotism,[470][471] and wanting to establish himself as a producer outside of his father's company,[472] the film's copyrights were instead filed through Curaçao-based imprint Naamloze Vennootschap Zwaluw, a corporation registered by Michael Douglas on December 6, 1974.[473] - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was a huge critical and box office success, earning a slew of awards and nominations across the globe. The film won an Academy Award for Best Picture, Jack Nicholson won an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Louise Fletcher won an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Milos Forman won an Academy Award for Best Director, Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman won Academy Awards for Best Writing, Screenplay Adapted From Other Material, Brad Dourif was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Haskell Wexler and Bill Butler were nominated for Academy Awards for Best Cinematography, Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn were nominated for Academy Awards for Best Editing, and Jack Nitzsche was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Music, Original Dramatic Score. The film won a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama, Jack Nicholson won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama, Louise Fletcher won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama, Brad Dourif won a Golden Globe Award for Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture - Male, Milos Forman won a Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture and Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman won Golden Globe Awards for Best Screenplay - Motion Picture. The film won a BAFTA Award for Best Film, Jack Nicholson won a BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Louise Fletcher won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, Brad Dourif won a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor, Milos Forman won a BAFTA Award for Best Direction, Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn won BAFTA Awards for Best Film Editing, Haskell Wexler, Bill Butler and William A. Fraker were nominated for BAFTA Awards for Best Cinematography, Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman were nominated for BAFTA Awards for Best Screenplay, Mary McGlone, Robert R. Rutledge, Veronica Selver, Larry Jost and Mark Berger were nominated for BAFTA Awards for Best Sound Track and Jack Nitzsche was nominated for BAFTA's Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music. Jack Nitzsche was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special. - Milos Forman won a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures, while assistant directors Irby Smith and William Saint John and unit production manager Joel Douglas were given plaques by the same organization. Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman won Writers Guild of America Awards for Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium. The film won a Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture, a People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture, and a National Board of Review: Top Ten Films. Jack Nicholson won a National Board of Review Award for Best Actor, a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor, while Louise Fletcher was nominated for a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress; Milos Forman won a Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director; Richard Chew, Sheldon Kahn and Lynzee Klingman were nominated for Eddie Awards for Best Edited Feature Film. - On January 9, 1976, Brynaprod was surrendered and on June 24, 1976, Michael Productions was surrendered; their remaining interests were merged into The Bryna Company.[474][475] In late July 1976, The Bryna Company announced that it would make Ray Bradbury's Something Wicked This Way Comes, a fantasy story about two boys in a small town who encounter strange happenings at a travelling carnival.[476][477] The project was headed by Peter Douglas, who hired Bradbury to adapt his novel into a screenplay and secured a $6,000,000 financing and distribution deal with Paramount Pictures.[478][479] Something Wicked This Way Comes was to be co-produced by Hank Moonjean and filming was to start on October 1, 1976, on location in Northern California and the Midwest under the direction of Jack Clayton.[480][481] Kirk Douglas was hoping to play the role of Charles Halloway, the father in the story.[482] The project, like One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, would stall for several years before being filmed.[483] Filming was pushed back to January 1, 1977, then to March 1, 1977.[484] - In mid-September 1976, Kirk Douglas revealed plans to return to the stage and star in Howard Fast's Thomas Paine biographical one-man show Citizen Tom Paine.[485] The play was to be a co-production between The Bryna Company and producers Don Gregory and Mike Merrick's Dome Productions.[486] Charles Nelson Reilly was originally hired to direct the show but he was replaced by Arvin Brown.[485] The play was to begin rehearsals on December 6, 1976, and was booked to open on January 11, 1977, at The Playhouse in Wilmington, Delaware, followed by engagements in Memphis, Tennessee, Cleveland, Ohio, Boston, Massachusetts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New York City and Los Angeles.[486] The production was delayed when Kirk Douglas suffered throat problems in early December 1976; personal differences between the producers later lead to the cancellation of the play.[487][488] - In early November 1976, The Bryna Company announced that Peter Douglas would produce The Yellow Jersey, a film about the French Tour de France bicycle race.[489][490] Peter Douglas offered the lead parts to Bruce Dern and Charlotte Rampling.[491] A month later, Kirk Douglas held a press conference to announce that he would retire from producing and directing in order to focus solely on acting.[492] Kirk Douglas was to remain President of The Bryna Company, but all of the day-to-day activities, including the development and production of new pictures, was passed on to his sons Michael and Peter, who would co-head the company.[482] In mid-January 1977, Paramount Pictures announced that it had dropped its plans to finance and distribute Something Wicked This Way Comes, after having pushed back the filming date twice.[484] It was later revealed that the project had been collateral damage from Paramount Pictures President David V. Picker's feud with Board Chairman Barry Diller.[181][484] - Michael Douglas began working on the production of The China Syndrome in 1977, a thriller about the threat of a nuclear plant meltdown, while Peter Douglas began working on the production of The Final Countdown, a science fiction-war picture about a nuclear ship that enters a time-warp and is thrown back to World War II in 1941.[493][429] The China Syndrome was to co-star Michael Douglas, Jane Fonda and Jack Lemmon, and was to be co-produced by Douglas in cooperation with Fonda's film production company, IPC Films.[493][494] In June 1977, The Bryna Company announced that Something Wicked This Way Comes would be filmed at Bavaria Studios in Munich, Germany, as a co-production between Geria Film Productions and Bavaria Film.[495] The $4,000,000-budgeted film was to start shooting in the fall of 1977 and distribution had already been secured with 20th Century-Fox Film for the United States and Canada and CS Filmverleih in Germany.[495] - By 1978, Michael Douglas had departed from The Bryna Company and took with him The China Syndrome project to develop exclusively through his own imprint, Bigstick Productions.[494][496] Michael opted to leave his father's company in order to further his independence and individual identity;[358] nevertheless, like his father, he would go on to head a series of successful independent film production companies, including El Corazon Producciones (1983–1986),[497] The Stone Group (1984–1986),[497] Mercury/Douglas Films (1986–1988),[497] Stonebridge Entertainment (1988–1994),[498] Douglas/Reuther Productions (1994–1997),[499] and Further Films (1997–present);[500] as well as the magazine L.A. Style,[501] the music publishing company, Third Stone Music (1989–1994),[502] and the record label Third Stone Records (1990–1994).[502] On August 8, 1978, Peter Douglas formed his own independent film production company, Vincent Pictures, hoping to further his independence and individual identity.[503][504][505] On December 14, 1978, Kirk Douglas formed The Bryna Company subsidiary Cameron Productions, Incorporated, named after his first grandson, Cameron Douglas; the company was registered the day after his birth.[506] - The Final Countdown went through a team of writers, including Thomas Hunter, Peter Powell, David Ambrose and Gerry Davis and was turned down by every major Hollywood film studio.[507][508] In early May 1979, The Bryna Company announced that it had secured a $7,000,000 financing deal for The Final Countdown with Arthur Guinness Son and Company Limited's film-financing subsidiary, Film Finance Group.[509] The picture was to be co-produced by Film Finance Group's president, Richard Rogers St. Johns, through its film production division, Aspen Productions.[510] Filming began, using Panavision cameras and Technicolor film with Dolby Stereophonic sound, on May 23, 1979, on location aboard the U.S.S. Nimitz in Norfolk, Virginia, followed by Miami, Florida and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.[511][512] The film co-starred Kirk Douglas, Martin Sheen, James Farentino and Katharine Ross and was directed by Don Taylor.[512] - Peter Douglas originally objected to the casting of his father in The Final Countdown, his first picture as a producer, fearing that it would impart the idea of nepotism.[505] It was only once he felt that Kirk Douglas was truly right for the part that he consented to working with his father.[505] The Final Countdown ultimately cost $12,000,000 to produce and United Artists agreed to distribute it after seeing only several minutes of early footage.[507] The film's copyrights were filed through Polyc International Besloten Vennootschap a Dutch subsidiary of Film Finance Group.[510] The Final Countdown was released to theaters on August 1, 1980, and was a huge financial success, earning more than $3,000,000 during its opening weekend.[505][513] The film won a Golden Screen Award and was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film; Kirk Douglas was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor. On December 13, 1980, Kirk Douglas formed The Bryna Company subsidiary Bryna Industries, Incorporated, a holding corporation based in Texas, naming Anne Douglas as Secretary.[514] - In July 1981, The Bryna Company announced that it had secured a $13,500,000 financing, co-producing and distribution deal for Something Wicked This Way Comes with Walt Disney Productions and Buena Vista.[515] The Disney company had originally approach Peter Douglas with offers to buy out the property but The Bryna Company was so interested in producing the picture that it held out until a co-production deal could be set.[181] Other financing and co-producing deals with Avco-Embassy Pictures and director John Carpenter were avoided for similar reasons.[181] Filming on Something Wicked This Way Comes began on September 28, 1981, using Panavision's Panaflex cameras and Technicolor film with Dolby Stereophonic sound, on location at Walt Disney Productions' Golden Oak Ranch in Santa Clarita, California and Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California; a second unit also filmed landscapes in Vermont.[515][516] The film starred Jason Robards, Diane Ladd and Jonathan Pryce and was directed by Jack Clayton.[515] - In 1982, Peter Douglas took a hiatus from working at The Bryna Company to properly launch his independent film production company, Vincent Pictures, securing a financing and distribution deal for the comedy film Fletch with Universal Pictures.[517][518] Part of the lengthy development of the Vincent Pictures-Universal Pictures deal included securing the principal cast and crew to produce any potential sequels, which later developed as Fletch Lives.[517] - In early August 1982, Kirk Douglas announced that he had appointed his wife Anne Douglas as President of The Bryna Company.[519] Buydens revealed that The Bryna Company would increase its film production schedule and had acquired the filming rights to two new novels: Frank Rooney's Shadow of God, a religious thriller about a nun being stalked by a fanatic priest; and Mary Higgins Clark's A Cry in the Night, a suspense mystery about a single mother who falls in love and marries an unstable man.[519][352] In November 1982, Kirk Douglas expressed a desire to produce a motion picture that included himself and his four sons; Kirk, Michael and Eric were to act in the picture, with Joel as production manager and Peter producing.[520] 20 years later, Michael Douglas wound up producing It Runs in the Family through his company Further Films; the movie co-starred Kirk, Michael, Cameron (Michael's son) and Diana Douglas (Kirk's first wife and Michael's mother), and was co-produced by Michael and Joel. - Something Wicked This Way Comes opened on April 29, 1983.[521] While it was generally well received by critics, the film failed to recoup its increased $20,000,000 budget at the box office; it has since become a cult film.[516][423] The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films awarded the film a Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film and Bradbury a Saturn Award for Best Writing. Jonathan Pryce was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, James Horner was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Music, Ruth Myers was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Costumes, Lee Dyer was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Special Effects, and Gary Liddiard and James R. Scribner were nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Make-Up. Jack Clayton was nominated for the Grand Prize at the Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival and Clayton and Bradbury were together nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. - In mid-June 1983, The Bryna Company announced that it would be filming Draw!, a comedy western about an aging outlaw and a drunken ex-sheriff, co-starring Kirk Douglas, James Coburn and Alexandra Bastedo.[522] At the Banff Television Festival, held at the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity on August 15, 1983, Canadian producer Harold Greenberg announced that he would be co-producing the $4,200,000 picture through his film production company Astral Film Productions.[523] The Stanley Mann script had been in development for seven years and was co-financed by HBO Premiere Films and the Alberta Motion Picture Development Corporation.[524][525][526] Filming began on August 16, 1983, with six weeks on location at Fort Edmonton, Alberta, followed by another week in Drumheller, Alberta, with director Steven Hilliard Stern.[523][525] Upon returning to the United States in late 1983, Kirk Douglas announced that The Bryna Company would next produce Stanley West's novel Amos, a suspense-drama about a former baseball coach who uncovers a conspiracy in the nursing home in which he resides, as a television film for Columbia Broadcasting System.[527][528] - The producers originally announced Draw! as a theatrical film, with plans for Home Box Office to host the United States television premiere afterwards.[523][525] Draw! had its world premiere at the Banff Television Festival in Alberta, Canada on May 20, 1984, followed by its United States premiere on July 15, 1984, broadcast on Home Box Office.[526][529][530] The film earned several nominations at the Canadian Genie Awards ceremony in 1985: Linda Sorensen won a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role, Laszlo George was nominated for Genie Award for Best Achievement in Cinematography, Bill Brodie was nominated for a Genie Award for Best Achievement in Art Direction, Jim Hopkins was nominated for a Genie Award for Best Achievement in Sound Editing, and Joe Grimaldi, Dino Pigat, Richard Lightstone and Austin Grimaldi were nominated for Genie Awards for Best Achievement in Overall Sound. Ron Wisman was also nominated for a CableACE Award for Film Editing. - Following the success of Michael Douglas and Joel Douglas' action-adventure film production Romancing the Stone in the spring of 1984, the Douglases attempted to find an action-packed violence film to co-star Kirk Douglas and Michael Douglas.[531] The film was to be a co-production between Kirk Douglas, Michael Douglas and Joel Douglas, with plans for filming in 1985, but the right vehicle never came up.[531] Meanwhile, Amos was to be co-produced by Kirk Douglas and Peter Douglas, starring Kirk Douglas, and with Eric Douglas portraying the character's younger self in flashback scenes (Kirk Douglas ended up portraying his own flashback sequences).[531] The filming of Amos was delayed while Peter Douglas wrapped up Fletch. - In July 1984, The Bryna Company announced that it would remake Seven Days in May as a television film for Columbia Broadcasting System, with a slightly modernized plot involving the threat of nuclear warfare.[518] The project remained in development for ten years until Peter Douglas managed to produce it through Vincent Pictures, in partnership with HBO Pictures, under the title The Enemy Within. In August 1984, The Bryna Company acquired the filming rights to Charles Dickinson's novel Waltz in Marathon, a drama about a loan shark from Marathon, Michigan whose life is altered when he is reunited with his ex-romantic partner and grown-up children.[532] Kirk Douglas planned to play the lead in the film.[532] Amos began filming in early December 1984, using Panavision cameras, on location in Ojay, California and at the Los Padres National Forest, with director Michael Tuchner.[533][534] The film co-starred Kirk Douglas, Elizabeth Montgomery, Dorothy McGuire, Pat Morita and Ray Walston and was co-produced by Bill Finnegan and Sheldon Pinchuk.[535] - In mid-June 1985, The Bryna Company was involved in a lawsuit filled by the federal government and the United States Navy, seeking $1,300,000 of unpaid military flying time during the filming of The Final Countdown.[536] The suit claimed that The Bryna Company and Aspen Productions had only been charged for 32.5 hours of aircraft flying time, while the Navy had in fact provided 167 hours of flying time.[536] The suit also revealed that Navy Commander Emory Worth Brown, Jr., a decorated Navy fighter pilot assigned to keep track of the flying hours during shooting, had accepted a bribe of $5,563.48 during the filming.[537][536] Brown had since been convicted and dishonorably discharged from the Navy, but was named in the lawsuit for punitive damages.[536] The scandal was also the subject of a CBS 60 Minutes episode, which had aired on March 18, 1984.[537] More than a year after the suit was filled, on September 10, 1986, the Justice Department ruled that The Bryna Company would have to pay $400,000 to the Federal Government and United States Navy to cover unpaid costs.[538] - Amos premiered on September 29, 1985, broadcast on Columbia Broadcasting System and was a success.[4] The film was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. The film itself was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama/Comedy Special, Kirk Douglas was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Special, Pat Morita was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special, and Dorothy McGuire was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special. - While promoting Amos, The Bryna Company announced that it was in negotiations with Walt Disney Productions for a film teaming Kirk Douglas and Burt Lancaster.[4] The pair had worked together a number of times over the years, including I Walk Alone, released theatrically in 1947; Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, released theatrically in 1956; the 30th Academy Awards ceremony in 1958 and the 31st Academy Awards ceremony in 1959, at which they performed comedic song and dance numbers before presenting awards; The Devil's Disciple, released theatrically in 1959; The List of Adrian Messenger, released theatrically in 1963 and in which they did not share any scenes together, but as Douglas was executive producer, they interacted; Seven Days in May, released theatrically in 1964; Victory at Entebbe, broadcast on television in 1976, and although they both appear in the film, the two actors filmed their separate scenes at different times and did not interact during the production; The Boys in Autumn, which was staged in early 1981; and the 57th Academy Awards ceremony in 1985, at which they appeared on stage together with Michael Douglas. - On December 23, 1985, the California-based The Bryna Company was merged into the Texas-based Bryna Industries; the Texas-based company was simultaneously renamed The Bryna Company.[514] The Bryna Company would remain under Texas' jurisdiction for the next three years.[514] - Filming of Tough Guys began in late February 1986, using Panavision's Panaflex cameras and DeLuxe film with Dolby Stereophonic sound, on location in Los Angeles, California, Portland, Oregon, and at Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, with director Jeff Kanew.[539] The film was co-produced by Joe Wizan, Richard Hashimoto and Jana Sue Memel through The Bryna Company and Touchstone Pictures.[540] In addition to co-stars Kirk Douglas and Burt Lancaster, the film also featured Adolph Cesar, Charles Durning, Alexis Smith, Dana Carvey and Darlanne Fluegel.[541] On March 6, 1986, Cesar suffered a fatal heart attack on the set, before any of his scenes were shot; he was replaced by Eli Wallach.[542] - Tough Guys had its premiere at ShowEast, a movie theater owners' convention held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, between September 9–11, 1986.[543] It then had local premieres at the Miami Film Festival on September 22, 1986, and the Boston Film and Video Festival on September 24, 1986,[544] before opening nationwide to theaters on October 3, 1986.[545] Composer Burt Bacharach, lyricist Carole Bayer Sager and performer Kenny Rogers were nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song - Motion Picture for the film's opening theme song ""They Don't Make Them Like They Used to""; Rogers titled his 1986 album after the song. In late December 1986, Kirk Douglas announced that he wished to retire from producing films.[546] - On May 19, 1987, Columbia Broadcasting System executives announced that their 1987–88 season programming would include Conquistador, an eight-hour mini-series about Hernán Cortés' 1519 conquest of Moctezuma II's Aztec Empire, currently in pre-production by Michael Douglas and Michael Phillips' Mercury/Douglas Films.[547][548][501] In late August 1987, The Bryna Company announced that it was again developing its feature film Montezuma, based on Dalton Trumbo's completed screenplay from 1960.[549] Neither the television series, nor the feature film, were ever produced. By 1987, Peter Douglas was exclusively working through his own company, Vincent Pictures, and hired Kirk Douglas to co-star with Jason Robards in a remake of Inherit the Wind.[550][551] - In late August 1987, The Bryna Company filled a $17,800,000 breach of contract lawsuit against the Unisys Corporation and the Sperry Corporation, which had employed Kirk Douglas' services as corporate spokesman two years prior.[552] The Sperry Corporation had secured the services of Kirk Douglas, through The Bryna Company, for a two-year exclusive contract, beginning on October 14, 1985; the contract had a renewable three-year extension option.[553] The contract also stipulated that Kirk Douglas could only be let go of his position in the event of a merger in which the Sperry line of products would be discontinued.[553] In promotion of the company, Kirk Douglas appeared in television commercials, researched the company's history, studied biographies of executives for personal appearances, attended executive meetings and employee conventions, and visited public exhibits such as Walt Disney World (to film commercials).[554] He also produced and appeared in the short film Sperry Goes Hollywood, filmed during the making of Tough Guys and co-produced by The Bryna Company.[555][556] The short film included behind the scenes footage of Tough Guys as well as film footage of Romancing the Stone, during which Douglas hinted that he and his son would appear in a biopic about Elmer Ambrose Sperry and his son Lawrence Sperry.[555][556] On September 16, 1986, Burroughs Corporation acquired the Sperry Corporation and renamed the new entity the Unisys Corporation, but failed to discontinue the Sperry line of computer products.[553] Nevertheless, The Bryna Company was informed via letter on October 23, 1986, that Kirk Douglas' services were terminated.[556] The Bryna Company sought $5,900,000 for breach of contract, $5,900,000 for breach of an implied obligation of good faith, and $6,000,000 for lost profits.[556] - On August 23, 1988, Anne Douglas formed The Bryna Company subsidiary TBC Merger, Incorporated, a California-based corporation.[557] On September 8, 1988, the Texas-based The Bryna Company was merged into the California-based TBC Merger; the California company was simultaneously renamed The Bryna Company, resuming the company's operations in California after three years.[557] - From October 13–15, 1989, the American Cinematheque held a three-day celebratory festival to honor The Bryna Company and Kirk Douglas' executive producer accomplishments.[6] The festival was held at the Directors Guild of America Theatre in Hollywood, where eight films were screened: The Indian Fighter, The Vikings, Paths of Glory, an uncut version of Spartacus, Lonely Are the Brave, Seven Days in May, Posse and Amos.[558] The event was attended by Motion Picture Association of America President Jack Valenti, director John Frankenheimer, actor Bo Hopkins, actress Dorothy McGuire and Kirk Douglas himself, all of whom participated in question-and-answer sessions between screenings.[6] - In late August 1999, Kirk Douglas announced plans to make a boxing film through The Bryna Company. Douglas wanted to play the role of a trainer and hoped to cast Don King as a promoter.[559] - The following is a list of actors that were signed to long-term, multi-picture contracts with Bryna Productions. - Cantaclaro Award for Best American Motion Picture - Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon for Best Foreign Director - Jussi Award for Best Foreign Director - National Film Preservation Board National Film Registry - Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source - Nominated—Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Supporting Performance - Nominated—Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama - San Sebastián International Film Festival Zulueta Prize - Nominated—Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures - Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Color - Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Color - Academy Award for Best Costume Design - Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama - Huabiao Film Award — Outstanding Translated Foreign Film - International Film Music Critics Award for Best Archival Release of an Existing Score - Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing - Feature Film - National Film Preservation Board National Film Registry - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Film Editing - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score - Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source - Nominated—Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Dramatic Performance - Nominated—Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Supporting Performance - Nominated—Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama - Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor - Nominated—Golden Laurel Award for Top Action Performance - Bodil Award for Best Non-European Film - Boxoffice Blue Ribbon Award for Best Picture of the Month - David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black and White - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score - Nominated—Golden Laurel Award for Top Drama - Nominated—Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Dramatic Performance - Nominated—Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black and White - Nominated—Bambi Award for Best Actor - International - Nominated—Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or - Academy Award for Best Film Editing - Academy Award for Best Effects, Sound Effects - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Male - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Female - Nominated—American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film - Nominated—Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures - Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role - Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role - Academy Award for Best Director - Academy Award for Best Writing, Screenplay Adapted From Other Material - Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama - Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama - Golden Globe Award for Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture - Male - Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture - Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay - Motion Picture - BAFTA Award for Best Film - BAFTA Award for Best Actor - BAFTA Award for Best Actress - BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor - BAFTA Award for Best Direction - BAFTA Award for Best Film Editing - Bodil Award for Best Non-European Film - David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Director - David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor - Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures - Reader's Choice Award for Best Foreign Language Film Director - Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture - National Board of Review: Top Ten Films - National Board of Review Award for Best Actor - National Film Preservation Board National Film Registry - National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor - New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor - People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture - Sant Jordi Award for Best Foreign Actor - Writers Guild of America Award for Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium - Golden Screen Award - Silver Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Director - Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director - Online Film & Television Association Motion Picture Hall of Fame - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Cinematography - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Editing - Nominated—Academy Award for Best Music, Original Dramatic Score - Nominated—Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music - Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography - Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay - Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Sound Track - Nominated—Eddie Award for Best Edited Feature Film - Nominated—Gold Hugo Award for Best Feature - Nominated—César Award for Best Foreign Film - Nominated—Grammy Award for Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Special - Nominated—New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress - Nominated—Turkish Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Film - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Actor - Saturn Award for Best Writing - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Music - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Costumes - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Make-Up - Nominated—Saturn Award for Best Special Effects - Nominated—Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival Grand Prize - Nominated—Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation - Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design - Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Makeup - Nominated—CableACE Award for Film Editing - Nominated—Genie Award for Best Achievement in Cinematography - Nominated—Genie Award for Best Achievement in Art Direction - Nominated—Genie Award for Best Achievement in Sound Editing - Nominated—Genie Award for Best Achievement in Overall Sound - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television - Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television - Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama/Comedy Special - Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Special - Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special - Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special -",2023-08-26 18:19:02 -Flagstaff Gardens - Wikipedia," - Flagstaff Gardens is the oldest park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, first established in 1862. Today it is one of the most visited and widely used parks in the city by residents, nearby office workers and tourists. The gardens are notable for their archaeological, horticultural, historical and social significance to the history of Melbourne. - The gardens are 7.2 hectares (18 acres) of Crown Land bounded by William, La Trobe, King and Dudley streets, managed by the City of Melbourne. On the southeast corner opposite is the entrance to the namesake Flagstaff railway station. Diagonally opposite stands the Victorian branch of the Royal Mint, established 7 August 1869. The former Royal Mint building is a well-preserved example of Victorian Gold Rush boom-period classical styled architecture. The facade features paired columns with scrolled capitals and the Royal Mint coat-of-arms. - On the northeast corner over William Street, is the Queen Victoria Market. - The park contains extensive lawns with a variety of mature trees, flowerbeds and wild animals including possums. The southern end is characterised by deciduous trees, while the northern end contains mature eucalypts. Avenues of elms shade pathways along with several large Moreton Bay Fig trees. The north corner contains a bowling lawn, rose beds, flower and shrub beds. Along William Street there are tennis courts, which also double as volleyball, handball and netball courts. Electric barbecues nearby provides a popular site for office parties in December. Scattered about the lawns and gardens are memorials and sculptures that illuminate some of the social significance of the area. - Flagstaff Gardens have been classified by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) and is listed by the Australian Heritage Commission and the Victorian Heritage Register.[1] -At the listing ceremony by the Victorian Heritage Council in April 2004, Council Chair Chris Gallagher said ""This listing ensures the much loved trees, landscaping and other individual features are conserved and protected. But it also means the whole site is recognised as an important place for gaining an insight into our historical, archaeological, aesthetic, horticultural and social heritage."" - Prior to colonisation, the high ground between William and King Streets was known as Brejerrenywun to the Boonwurrung and Woiwurrung.[2] With the establishment of Melbourne in 1835, the first deaths in the colony were there buried, in what became colloquially known as Burial Hill.[3] The hill had panoramic views of the small colony, the Yarra River and Port Phillip. -  WikiMiniAtlas37°48′38″S 144°57′16″E / 37.8105°S 144.9544°E / -37.8105; 144.9544 -",2023-08-26 18:19:05 -Swedish People's Party of Finland - Wikipedia,"The Swedish People's Party of Finland (Swedish: Svenska folkpartiet i Finland (SFP); Finnish: Suomen ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (RKP)) is a political party in Finland aiming to represent the interests of the minority Swedish-speaking population of Finland.[3][4][5] The party is currently a participant in the Government of Petteri Orpo, holding the posts of Minister of Education, Minister for European Affairs, and Minister of Youth, Sport and Physical Activity. - An ethnic catch-all party,[6] the party's main election issue has been since its inception the Swedish-speaking Finns' right to their own language and to maintain the position of the Swedish language in Finland.[7] Ideologically, it is liberal[8][9][10] and social-liberal,[11] and it sits at the centre of the political spectrum,[12][13] and identifies as pro-European.[14] The party was in governmental position 1979–2015 and from 2019 on, with one or two seats in the government, and collaborated with the centre-right as well as the centre-left parties in the Parliament of Finland. - The fact that both the Finnish centre-right and centre-left have needed the support from the party has meant that they have been able to affect politics of Finland on a larger scale than the party's actual size would suggest. The position of the Swedish language as one of two official languages in Finland and the Swedish-speaking minority's right to Swedish culture are two of the results of the party's influence in Finnish politics. The party is a member of the Liberal International, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and Renew Europe. The youth organisation of the party is called Svensk Ungdom (""Swedish Youth""). - The Swedish Party (1870–1906), a parliamentary elite party based on members in the Diet of Finland, is the historical predecessor of the Swedish People's Party of Finland. It was a part of the Svecoman movement and its main policy was opposition of the Fennoman movement. - Unlike Fennomans who were largely liberal on other matters than the language question, the Svecoman were conservative. Axel Lille and Axel Olof Freudenthal are often considered as some of the main ""founding fathers"" of the movement. Most members of the Liberal Party joined the Swedish Party in the 1880s, after the Liberals ceased to exist as a distinct party. The Swedish People's Party of Finland was founded in the 1906 party congress of the Swedish Party, making it one of the oldest parties in Finland. The first leader of Swedish People's Party was Axel Lille. - The current leader of the party is Anna-Maja Henriksson.[16] In the Parliament of Finland the representative for Åland is usually included in SFP's parliamentary group, regardless of his/her party affiliation. This is because the political parties in Åland have no counterparts in Mainland Finland,[clarification needed] but the SFP's interests have much in common with those of Åland as far as the Swedish language is concerned. - The party receives its main electoral support from the Swedish speaking minority, which makes up about 5.5% of Finland's population.[17] During its history, the party has suffered slow but steady decline in adherence, following the decline of the percentage of Swedish-speaking population: in 1907 it got 12% of national votes, after World War II 7% and in the 2011 parliamentary election 4.3% (9 MPs). In municipal elections, it holds large majorities in municipalities with a Swedish-speaking majority. - Despite its position as one of the minor political parties in the Finnish parliament it has frequently been one of the partners forming the governing coalition cabinets. Since 1956, the year when Urho Kekkonen was elected President, the party has been nearly continuously in the government. It has been part of all coalitions with the significant exception of Paasio's first cabinet (1966–68), which included only socialists (Social Democratic Party (SDP), the split SDP faction Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders and Finnish People's Democratic League) and the Centre Party. - Short periods of rule by single-party minority governments, Miettunen cabinet (1961–62, Centre) and Paasio's second government (1972, SDP) and of nonpartisan caretaker governments have also interrupted its stay in the government. For this reason, SFP is often criticized for being a single-issue party that allegedly accepts nearly all other policies as long as its own vital interest, the status of the Swedish language is maintained. - However, although Vanhanen's first cabinet made Swedish a voluntary subject in the upper secondary school's matriculation exam, SFP remained in the government. In contrast, the Greens left the previous government after a new nuclear power plant was decided in 2002. - The SFP's long continuous participation in the Finnish cabinets came to an end in following the 2015 parliamentary election when it was left out of the Sipilä cabinet.[18] In June 2019, the SFP returned to government with two ministerial positions in the Rinne Cabinet, the Minister of Justice and the Minister for Nordic Cooperation and Equality.[19] - Recently the SFP has emphasized the liberal part of its programme, attempting to woo voters outside its traditional Swedish-speaking electorate. In 2010, the party added the word Suomen (""of Finland"") to its official Finnish name. - The Swedish language is one of the two official languages of Finland. The SFP has as its main purpose the protection and strengthening of the position of the Swedish language in Finland. - The Swedish People's Party of Finland has the most eclectic profile of any of the political parties in Finland, its members and supporters including (chiefly): - Although the SFP represents a small minority of Finland, Swedish mother tongue per se is not much of a political handicap. Several times Swedish speaking presidential candidates have gathered considerable support, although not necessarily as candidates for the Swedish People's Party of Finland: - SFP supported Finnish NATO membership.[21] - National groups: - * observer - *associate member **observer -",2023-08-26 18:19:11 -Champvent Castle - Wikipedia,"Champvent Castle is a castle in the municipality of Champvent of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.[1] - - This article about a castle in Switzerland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:19:15 -Lusardi's - Wikipedia,"Lusardi's is a Northern Italian restaurant located at 1494 Second Avenue (between East 77th and East 78th Streets) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in New York City. - The restaurant opened in 1982.[2] It is owned and run by two brothers, Luigi and Mauro Lusardi.[2] The restaurant has an old-world vibe.[2][3] The dining room has a capacity of 75 guests.[4] The menu consists of Northern Italian Tuscan dishes.[2][4][5][6] The wine list has over 400 vintage wines.[4] -The chef is Claudio Meneghini.[4] - When Leon Hess owned the New York Jets, he would eat dinner after almost every home game at Lusardi's.[7] - In 2012, Zagat's gave it a 24 rating for food.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:19:19 -Andrew Cooney (Irish republican) - Wikipedia," -Andrew Cooney (22 April 1897 – 4 August 1968) was an Irish republican from Nenagh, County Tipperary, who later settled in the United States. He studied medicine at University College Dublin just as the Irish War of Independence was getting underway, and he played for a brief spell with the College's hurling club. He joined the Third Battalion of the Dublin Brigade of the Irish Republican Army. - After the Anglo-Irish truce of July 1921, Cooney was appointed Officer Commanding (O/C) of the 1st Kerry Brigade, IRA, and reorganised it. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 and in March 1922 was appointed Commandant of the 1st Eastern Division of the anti-Treaty IRA in the Irish Civil War.[citation needed] - The same year he was captured by Free State forces and interned in Mountjoy Prison, where he became O/C of the prisoners in C Wing. He accepted responsibility for an attempted escape bid on 10 October 1922 in which a fellow prisoner Peadar Breslin was killed and another man was wounded.[1] He was released in 1924. He succeeded Frank Aiken as Chief of Staff of the IRA in 1925; after eight months in that role, he departed on a fund-raising trip to the United States, but soon returned.[2] Cooney won his only Fitzgibbon Medal with UCD in 1927. His service for the UCD team ended when he qualified as a medical doctor in 1928.[citation needed] - In 1933, Cooney unveiled a memorial to Terence Bellew McManus at the old Republican plot in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin. Thereafter, semi-retired from active republicanism, he continued to be a regular orator at gatherings, and he was a founder of the short-lived Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann party in 1936.[3] Cooney emigrated to the United States in the 1940s; he died on 4 August 1968 at Carroll County General Hospital, Carroll County, Maryland, at age 71.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:19:23 -"Edna, the Inebriate Woman - Wikipedia"," - ""Edna, the Inebriate Woman"" is the second episode of second season of the British BBC anthology TV series Play for Today. The episode was a television play that was originally broadcast on 21 October 1971. ""Edna, the Inebriate Woman"" was written by Jeremy Sandford, directed by Ted Kotcheff, produced by Irene Shubik, and starred Patricia Hayes. - The hard-hitting reality was in the British TV tradition of productions such as Cathy Come Home, and led to a degree of public and political debate on the issues it raised. Edna may now be described as a ""bag lady"" and a chronic alcoholic. - The story deals with a 60-year-old woman, Edna O'Casey (Patricia Hayes), who wanders through life in an alcoholic haze without a home, a job or any money. She starts at a hostel where she is checked for fleas and her clothes are bagged and sterilised. A doctor and psychiatrist interview a series of elderly homeless men, assessing whether they can stay at the hostel. Edna goes on the road again, drinking from rivers and gleaning potatoes from fields. She wanders town and country seeking a bed for each night; in a queue, she meets another homeless woman and they travel together. - Social Services are of little help and refuse her money. For her ""breakfast ticket"" she gets three soups. Edna joins a large homeless group living under a bridge, where she has a long conversation with an Irish man who also feeds her. They mock the young drug user who has joined the group. - Later she walks in the country with a female tramp. A man asking directions to Torrington is obliged to give them a lift. The younger one offers him a good time for ""half a quid"". - A further female who denies being a ""les"" shows old photos of her husband and good times. She used to be beautiful. The hostel manager says ""Micks only"" (Irish only) but Edna hides under a bed until discovered and thrown out. Back at Social Security she gets upset at being labelled and shouts over and over ""I am not the vagrant"". She ends in court for disturbance of the peace and from there is placed in a psychiatric ward under the name of Edna Rodgers. There, a patient (June Brown) asks her for any spare pills. Edna does not like the fish they serve and exclaims ""This is slop!"" They medicate her to control her behaviour and give her electroconvulsive therapy. Examined thereafter they ask if she knows the date: she asks if it is the 32nd. She tries to gas herself to stay another week then changes her mind and goes back on the road. - She rakes through the bins for food scraps. She washes her clothes in public lavatories. She gets clothes and boots from a charity. She has a new obsession that all phone calls are for her. She get thrown out of her hostel for wetting the bed. Back at Social Security she tries to claim as Edna MacLean. She is sent somewhere where a proof of name and address is given. With head down she claims to be Robert Tewt. She ends back in court on breach of the peace charges again. They bring up her record for drunk and disorderly and larceny. She goes to prison but is quite content. - She is interviewed by ""Jesus Saves"" for a place in their hostel. The interviewer, Josie Quinn (Barbara Jefford), grants her a place. But 'Jesus Saves', is closed down after an inquiry, following the complaints of neighbours. Edna and the other women are on the road again. She ends at the ""Jesus Saves"" hostel. Although disturbing the other residents in the dormitory conditions she settles to this new way of life. The young woman, Trudi, in the neighbouring bed has issues of her own. Edna comes home drunk and is surprised not only to be let in, but to have a civilised discussion with Josie. Edna cleans up a bit. - Back in court the neighbours of the hostel have raised a complaint: the hostel does not have planning permission and causes a nuisance to neighbours. Josie has to defend her actions. On cue, when the court discusses vagrancy, Edna loudly cries out ""I am not the vagrant"". She is brought under new care under nuns. She remembers her mum and dad and how they did not love her. Her alcoholic father beat her mother. When her mother went to prison for child abandonment Edna and her siblings were placed in care. - Back at ""Jesus Saves"" Edna expects rejection. Josie gets the written decision that her hostel is closed and has one month to cease operations. Edna cries for her mummy in the toilet. She starts to self-harm. The hostel closes and Edna is back on the street. In the final scene on a city street at night she is with Teresa discussing the love of her life. Teresa presumes they are going to the same lodgings, but Edna wanders into the night saying she prefers to flitter from place to place. - Jeremy Sandford, who had previously written Cathy Come Home, researched the play by living rough himself for two weeks, on two occasions.[1] A great deal of the dialogue and the incidents in the play come from the book, Down and Out in Britain published by Sandford in 1971;[2] although the majority of the speakers in the book are male, Sandford puts much of their speech into the mouth of the main female character. - The drama features one of the few acting roles (as a tramp) of British actor Vivian MacKerrell, the real-life inspiration for the character Withnail in the British film Withnail and I (1987). - Filming took place in November and December 1970.[3] - The play gained an audience of some 9 million on its first showing, an unqualified success.[4] - At the 1972 British Academy Television Awards, the play won the Best Drama Production category and Patricia Hayes received the award for Best Actress. -",2023-08-26 18:19:26 -Paul F. Riordan - Wikipedia,"Paul F. Riordan (November 8, 1920 – February 8, 1944) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War II during the Battle of Monte Cassino. - Riordan joined the Army from Kansas City, Missouri in 1940,[2] and by February 3, 1944, was serving as a second lieutenant in the 133rd Infantry Regiment, 34th Infantry Division. On that day, near Cassino, Italy, Riordan single-handedly silenced a German machine gun emplacement. Five days later, on February 8, he was again in the lead during an attack on a German strongpoint. Cut off from his unit, he attempted to take the objective on his own, but was killed in the process. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on September 11, 1944. - Riordan, aged 23 at his death, was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Raytown, Missouri. - Second Lieutenant Riordan's official Medal of Honor citation reads: - For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty. In the attack on the approaches to the city of Cassino on February 3, 1944, 2d Lt. Riordan led 1 of the assault platoons. Attacking Hill 175, his command was pinned down by enemy machinegun fire from the hill and from a pillbox about 45 yards to the right of the hill. In the face of intense fire, 2d Lt. Riordan moved out in full view of the enemy gunners to reach a position from where he could throw a handgrenade into the pillbox. Then, getting to his knees, he hurled the grenade approximately 45 yards, scoring a direct hit. The grenade killed 1 and wounded the other 2 Germans in the nest and silenced the gun. Another soldier then cleaned out the enemy pillboxes on the hill itself, and the company took its objective. Continuing the assault into Cassino itself on February 8, 1944, 2d Lt. Riordan and his platoon were given the mission of taking the city jail house, one of the enemy's several strongpoints. Again 2d Lt. Riordan took the lead and managed to get through the ring of enemy fire covering the approaches and reached the building. His platoon, however, could not get through the intense fire and was cut off. 2d Lt. Riordan, aware that his men were unable to follow, determined to carry on single-handed, but the numerically superior enemy force was too much for him to overcome, and he was killed by enemy small-arms fire after disposing of at least 2 of the defenders. 2d Lt. Riordan's bravery and extraordinary heroism in the face of almost certain death were an inspiration to his men and exemplify the highest traditions of the U.S. Armed Forces.",2023-08-26 18:19:29 -Henry P. Haney - Wikipedia,"Henry P. Haney (November 25, 1846 - November 19, 1923) was an American last survivor of The Great Locomotive Chase during the American Civil War. He was a 15-year-old fireman on the ""Texas"", the locomotive used by the ""General's"" crew to pursue the ""General"" on the second half of the chase after it was stolen by the Andrews Raiders. - - This biography related to rail transport in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:19:33 -Carlos Vera - Wikipedia,"Carlos Alfredo Vera Rodríguez (born 25 June 1976) is an football referee from Ecuador. - Vera has been an international referee since 2006. He has officiated matches in FIFA World Cup qualifiers, the Copa Libertadores, the Copa Sudamericana and the South American Youth Football Championship. He was selected as a referee for the 2011 Copa América in Argentina,[1] and the 2015 Copa America in Chile. In addition, he was appointed by FIFA to take charge of matches at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He was selected as the fourth official for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final. - - This biographical article related to an Ecuadorian footballer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:19:36 -Viðreisn - Wikipedia,"The Viðreisn (lit. 'Revival',[7] 'Reform'[8] or 'Regeneration',[9] officially known in English as Liberal Reform Party[10]) is a liberal centre to centre-right political party in Iceland[1][11] that was founded on 24 May 2016 but had existed as a political network since June 2014. It split from the Independence Party, mainly over discontent with its decision not to hold a referendum on joining the European Union and lack of support for free-trade. - The party supports Icelandic EU membership, and reform of farming subsidies and protective excise taxes on foreign produce. It wants public policy to focus on the general interest of society and reduce influence from special interests. Viðreisn is in favor of a publicly financed welfare state.[12] It supports pegging the króna to another currency, such as the euro, through a currency board as a plan to lower interest rates.[13] Its healthcare policy aims at reducing the patient's share of healthcare costs.[14] - Viðreisn has been assigned the list letter C.[15] It participated in the 2016 elections to the Althing (Icelandic parliament) and won seven seats.[16] -",2023-08-26 18:19:40 -Thantlang Township - Wikipedia,"Thantlang Township (Burmese: ထန်တလန်မြို့နယ်) is one of the nine townships in Chin State.[2] Thantlang is the administrative town of inclusive nine circles (also called mountain ranges) attributed to the geographical and dialectical arrangements of the area. They are Khualhring Tlang (Khualhring circle), Vanzang Tlang (Vanzang circle), Zahnak Tlang (Zahnak circle), Bual Tlang (Bual circle), VaiLam Tlang ( VaiLam circle )Lautu Tlang (Lautu circle), Mara Tlang (Mara circle), Vailam Tlang (Vailam circle), Zophei Tlang (Zophei circle) and Bawipa Tlang(Bawipa circle). Only four circles speak Lai dialect. Zophei(Zophei and Bawipa circles), Lautu(Lautu circle), HawThai(Mara circle) speak their tribal language. The other fives circles and in Thantlang town speak Lai dialect. In Thantlang township, Lai dialect is the common use dialect. Lai dialect is also spoken at Hakha township and Falam township. - A variety of languages and different accents are spoken in Thantlang township, including Lautu, Zophei, Senthang, Lai and Lochei and Sizo. The western border of the township that separates it from India is formed by the Tiau River from the north, and the Kaladan River (known locally as the Boinu/Beino/Chhimtuipui River) from the south which flow together at  WikiMiniAtlas22°47′10″N 93°05′45″E / 22.78611°N 93.09583°E / 22.78611; 93.09583. - ""Thlantlang"" means cemetery mountain. Prior to 1995, there were many old cemeteries on the south side of the mountain above the main town, where subsequently the Burmese military build a camp and a pagoda. Briefly, in the early 2000s, a small piece of northeastern Thantlang Township, namely the village tracts of: Lungding, Tikhuangtum, Tlangkhua, Tlangpi, Tlangte, northern Vanzang (Farrawn), and Zangtlang, was transferred to Falam Township. However, in 2008, in the reorganization of Chin State townships, these village tracts were restored.[3] - Thantlang Township borders on:[1] - Thantlang is the major town in the township, with four smaller towns (larger villages) Leitak,[4][5] Lungler (Lonle in Burmese transliteration), Hnaring (main town of Lautu tribe) and Ngaphepi (biggest village of the HawThai tribe). Lungler and Leitak have 16-bed hospitals (clinics).[6] There are 37 village tracts and 76 villages in Thantlang Township.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas22°40′N 93°24′E / 22.667°N 93.400°E / 22.667; 93.400 -",2023-08-26 18:19:44 -Khurram Abbas Sial - Wikipedia,"Khurram Abbas Sial is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018. - He was born on 14 July 1981.[1] - He has a degree of Bachelor of Arts.[1] - He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-77 (Jhang-V) in 2013 Pakistani general election.[2] He joined Pakistan Muslim League (N) in May 2013.[3] - - This article about a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:19:47 -Propadu Konair Tarahubun - Wikipedia,"PT Propadu Konair Tarahubun (PT PKT) is a subsidiary of Plantation Key Technology Group based in Medan, North Sumatra Indonesia. which is engaged in the manufacture of fertilizers. Since its establishment, PT PKT has been working on Integrated Conservation Program of Water, Soil, Air and Plantation which serves to incorporate models of sustainable development into every practice of plantation. -",2023-08-26 18:19:50 -Battle of St. Michaels - Wikipedia," - The Battle of St. Michaels was an engagement contested on August 10, 1813, during the War of 1812. British soldiers attacked the American militia at St. Michaels, Maryland, which is located on Maryland's Eastern Shore with access to Chesapeake Bay. At the time, this small town was on the main shipping route to important cities such as Baltimore and Washington, D.C. - Although St. Michaels had little importance compared to Washington and Baltimore, it was a target for the British because of its ship building and its connection with the town of Easton, which was the largest community in the Maryland Eastern Shore region. St. Michaels is located on the St. Michaels (later named Miles) River, which could be used with smaller boats to get within three miles (4.8 km) of Easton. - St. Michaels was attacked early in the morning before sunrise, when British forces arrived on the shore near the town. They quickly disabled an artillery battery, and returned to their boats. As they maneuvered their flotilla closer to the town, two other batteries manned by local militia opened fire. A boom placed across the mouth of the town's harbor successfully prevented the British from getting closer. Although the British returned fire, they eventually retreated to their base at Maryland's Kent Island. The locals suffered no casualties, while the British had casualties and damage to at least one barge. According to local legend, the citizens of St. Michaels hung lanterns in trees to fool the British artillerists, causing them to overshoot most of the town's buildings. - On June 17, 1812, the United States Senate approved a resolution passed by the United States House of Representatives that declared war against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. President James Madison signed the resolution into law on June 18.[1][2] The country was not united in its feelings toward Great Britain. Many members of the Federalist political party, a coalition of bankers and businessmen, were against the war.[3][4] Contrary to the Federalists, members of the Democratic-Republican Party, who had a numerical superiority, believed a war was justified.[5] - After the declaration of war, the British government declared the ports of the United States to be in a state of blockade.[6] They began stricter enforcement of the blockade in 1813, when ships were sent to close the port of New York and others further south, including those on the Chesapeake Bay. Early in February 1813, British ships under the command of Rear Admiral George Cockburn took possession of Hampton Roads at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, which stopped traffic in and out of the bay. This effectively closed major ports such as Norfolk in Virginia and the Port of Baltimore in Maryland.[6] - Beginning in spring, Cockburn conducted raids on towns along the Chesapeake. The raids involved the destruction or removal of property including crops and livestock.[7] On May 3, Cockburn burned most of Havre de Grace, Maryland.[8][Note 1] Additional Maryland coastal towns, Georgetown and Fredericktown, were burned on May 6.[11] First Lady Dolley Madison called Cockburn's raids ""savage"", and Cockburn threatened to capture and parade her through London.[7] Cockburn established a policy that if a town kept no guns or militia, he would leave them unharmed.[12][Note 2] - Vice Admiral Sir John Borlase Warren was Cockburn's immediate superior, and he was headquartered in Bermuda.[13] Warren believed he did not have enough ships to blockade the American coast. During May, he received two battalions of marines and additional ships. He issued a May 26 proclamation that New York and the Mississippi River were in a state of formal blockade. The same proclamation also listed as blockaded the South Carolina ports at Charleston, Port Royal, and Savannah.[12] Royal Marines were sent to the Chesapeake Bay because of its naval stores, ships, dockyards, and foundries. Norfolk, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. were among the immediate targets.[12] - Admiral Sir John Borlase Warren was the commander of North America and the West Indies during the summer of 1812, and in January 1813 Rear Admiral George Cockburn reported to Warren in HMS Marlborough.[13] For the raid on St. Michaels, Cockburn had eight ships and 45 barges, including two battalions of Royal Marines and an army regiment.[14] The forces that came ashore were under the command of Lieutenant James Polkinghorne of the Royal Navy. After the battle, he filed a report with Commander Henry Loraine Baker of the Royal Navy.[15] Baker commanded HMS Conflict, a sloop with 10 to 12 guns (a.k.a. cannons or artillery pieces).[14] The men used barges, which were propelled by oars and small sails, to reach the shore.[16] The barges had a small gun, or ""carronade"".[15] - The United States had few federal troops near St. Michaels in 1813. Fighting was usually conducted by the state militia. Maryland's militia was organized into three divisions with a total of 12 brigades and 11 cavalry districts.[17] Much of the Talbot County militia was formed in 1807 after the attack on the American USS Chesapeake by the British HMS Leopard.[18] Brigadier General Perry Benson, who was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War, commanded the militia of Talbot, Caroline, and Dorchester counties. His force at the battle consisted of two regiments, several companies of cavalry, and three artillery batteries.[19] - Benson's brigade was large, but its training was inadequate. It also had a shortage of weaponry. Muskets were used by companies near threatened positions, and then transferred to the next threat when the original threat passed.[18] Although Benson had a large force at St. Michaels, the fighting was conducted by the artillerists.[22] - The British captured Maryland's Kent Island during early August 1813. The island is located north of St. Michaels and across the bay from the Maryland state capital Annapolis. The British landed about 3,000 men on the island, but faced no resistance because most of the inhabitants fled when they learned of the invasion.[23][Note 3] The island had food and fresh water, and would provide a base for operations against Maryland's Eastern Shore, Annapolis, Baltimore, and Washington.[25] - During this time, the British had ships in Eastern Bay between Kent Island and St. Michaels, causing alarm throughout Talbot County.[26] St. Michaels was a target because of its shipbuilding, and it had at least six vessels in the process of being built.[Note 4] It was also an outport for the town of Easton, which was largest town on Maryland's Eastern Shore.[26] Easton had the only armory on Maryland's Eastern Shore, a bank, and plenty of goods for the British to plunder.[Note 5] Boats and small vessels could be used on the St. Michaels River to get within three miles (4.8 km) of Easton.[24][Note 6] A second water route to Easton, Tredhaven Creek, was protected by a six-gun battery called Fort Stokes.[19][Note 7] - ""Americans had acquired new allies while the British were upon Kent Island...mosquitos, whose bloodthirsty numbers it was thought would soon drive the enemy to take refuge on board his ships."" - Washington National Intelligencer[24] - Militia from throughout Talbot County were sent to St. Michaels to stand with the local infantry company, Saint Michaels Patriotic Blues, commanded by Captain Joseph Kemp with the artillery men commanded by Lieutenant William Dodson.[26][Note 8] Kemp's company and at least three of the Easton companies wore uniforms.[32] The militia troops totaled to about 500 men, and they were led by Brigadier General Benson, Colonel Auld, and Colonel Thomas Jones.[Note 9] The men were quartered in the town's two churches.[34] - Benson placed three artillery batteries around the town. East of town, Dodson commanded a group of 30 men with a battery of four guns behind a small fortification. The location was Parrott's Point (also known as Parrott Point), and it was at the mouth of the town's harbor on the south side.[35] A boom was placed across the mouth of the harbor to prevent vessels from entering. Within the town at Dawson's wharf (at the end of Mulberry Street), a two-gun battery on wheels was commanded by John Graham with John Thompson and Wrightson Jones manning the 6-pounder guns.[36] Two more guns were placed outside of town in case the British landed behind the town and marched toward it. This battery of two guns was commanded by Lieutenant Clement Vickers and manned by men from Easton in the company Talbot Volunteer Artillerists.[35] - Videttes were stationed at various points to watch the British at Kent Island, and they reported to either Colonel Auld in St. Michaels or Brigadier General Benson in Easton.[26] A British brig was seen making reconnaissance north of the town near Deep Water Point on the St. Michaels River. A deserter crossed the Eastern Bay and landed at Bayside. He said the British planned to attack St. Michaels within the week, but were worried about what they thought was a 10-gun battery.[37] - Early in the morning on August 10, a total of 300 British soldiers and marines in nine to eighteen barges moved up the St. Michaels River.[37][Note 10] The river was over one mile (1.6 km) wide, and they traveled in fog and darkness along the shore opposite St. Michaels. Videttes on the St. Michaels side of the river did not observe the British force as it moved up the river and passed the harbor.[37] The force crossed the river and arrived at about 4:00 am near Parrott's Point in foggy darkness. They disembarked in water near the flank of the Dodson's guns and breastworks, and were discovered by African American John Stevens.[38] - Dodson's surprised men panicked, and most of them dropped their weapons and fled through a cornfield back to town. The British fired a volley from their muskets at the fleeing men, but damaged only the corn.[39] The only men that remained with the guns were Dodson, Stevens, and a third man. The three men were able to re-position one gun, loaded with ball and canister, where it could fire effectively on the British. Having seen Dodson's men run, the British expected to capture the battery without resistance, but instead received the contents of a nine-pounder cannon. Despite their casualties, they continued to the guns while Dodson and his two men fled. The guns were captured and disabled.[40] - Concluding an important part of their mission, the British returned to the barges with their dead and wounded. The barges moved to less than half a mile (0.8 km) from town, but were unable to cross the boom that had been placed earlier. They fired at the town from two guns, then assumed a position further out in the river, where they continued firing ""with much vigor"".[41] A St. Michaels legend is that the town hung lamps in trees away from the houses, confusing the British and causing them to overshoot their targets.[42] Graham's battery at Dawson's wharf returned fire, and eventually fired a total of 10 shots.[43] Hearing the cannon fire, the Easton artillerists moved their battery from the Bayside road to Mill Point in town, and fired a total of five shots as the British began to retreat.[41][43][Note 11] - By 9:00 am the artillery duel was over, and the British returned to their base.[45] Benson, his infantry, and his cavalry were waiting at the town square. They outnumbered the British force, but did not need to engage.[46] The town had been successfully defended, and did not suffer the same fate as Havre de Grace.[47] - Lieutenant Polkinghorne's report said his British ground force had losses of ""only two wounded"".[15] Discussing American casualties, Benson's report mentioned that ""some of the houses were perforated"", but no ""injury to any human being"".[43] He also implied that the British had casualties, mentioning ""much blood on the grass at the water"" where the British barges were located.[43] A deserter from the Royal Navy claimed their casualties were one captain, one lieutenant of the marines, and twenty-seven privates.[48] He also thought one of the barges had significant damage. A second deserter believed that one of the British dead was an officer.[48][Note 12] - The British threatened St. Michaels again on August 26.[42] This time, they sent 2,100 men in 60 barges. They landed about six miles (9.7 km) north of town, and 1,800 men met 500 Talbot County militia that included infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The largest Maryland Eastern Shore battle of the war lasted only a few volleys because the British withdrew.[42] - Warren reported that he had problems with desertions in the army and poor discipline in the marines.[49] His men began preparing to sail away from Kent Island on August 22 after determining that attacks on Annapolis and Baltimore would be ill-advised because those American cities had received substantial reinforcements.[25] He also wished to sail to Halifax, Canada, before the start of hurricane season.[49] By September, Warren departed to Halifax, and Cockburn had departed for Bermuda. A small ""skeleton force"" was stationed at the Virginia Capes for blockade purposes.[50] - Lieutenant Polkinghorne of the British Royal Navy reported that he ""deemed the object of the enterprize fulfilled"".[15] He did not see any vessels, and one of the reasons the British attacked St. Michaels was to destroy ships being built there. He captured a battery, split the carriages, and destroyed all ammunition.[15] Contrary to Polkinghorne's report, a deserter claimed the expedition was considered a failure, with the reason given was that the expedition leader expected to meet unreliable militia, but instead had too small of a force to cope with regulars.[51] Shots from the British six-pounder guns were generally high, and hit the roofs or higher bables of some houses.[46] Warren's August 23 report to First Secretary of the Admiralty John W. Croker mentioned an attack upon Queenstown, but did not mention St. Michaels.[25] - The American artillerists were said to be more effective than their British counterparts.[46] In addition to the blood found at the site where the British landed their barges, one newspaper reported that three barges were struck by shots fired by the town's artillery.[52] Benson's report said the ""militia generally behaved well"", and did not mention that some fled without firing a shot.[53] For years afterward, two of the Easton companies feuded with each other over their performance at the battle.[52] - The local story about the August 10 battle is that the town's citizens hung lanterns high in trees, fooling the British into firing over the town.[42] Some even say that the only house hit by the British was the house of shipbuilder William Merchant.[54][Note 13] However, Benson's report said ""Some of the houses were perforated...."", and did not mention any deception.[22] More doubt can be placed on the legend since it was probably already daylight by the time the British fired at the town.[42] - The St. Michaels Historic District has over 300 structures.[56] William Merchant's home, now known as the Cannonball House, in addition to being part of the historic district, has been part of the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.[56][55] The battle, also commemorated by the Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail, is discussed by two local museums: the St. Michaels Museum at St. Mary's Square, and the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum.[57][58][59] -",2023-08-26 18:19:54 -Huron (Canadian band) - Wikipedia," - Huron is a Canadian rock band from Hamilton, Ontario. Members include pedal-steel player/guitarist Aaron Goldstein,[1] known for his session work with Cowboy Junkies,[2] and Cam Malcolm, who was previously in the band Sweet Homewreckers,[3] bassist Adam Melnick, and drummer Pete Hall who was also a founding member of A Northern Chorus.[3][4] - Huron was formed in January 2008 in Hamilton.[5][6] The band worked with record producer Ian Blurton for their debut album, which was released on Latent Recordings in March 2010.[7] The album received positive reviews from Exclaim magazine and Metro News.[8][9] - Huron was also the backup band for Blurton's solo album Happy Endings,[10] They performed with him at live shows to promote the album,[11] including participation in Canada Music Week.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:19:58 -List of schools in the Perth metropolitan area - Wikipedia," - - This is a list of schools in the city of Perth, Western Australia. The Western Australian education system traditionally consists of primary schools, which accommodate students from Kindergarten to Year 6, and high schools, which accommodate students from Years 7 to 12. Previously primary schools accounted for Year 7 education, but in 2015 all Western Australian schools transitioned Year 7 to be a part of the high school system. In country areas, district high schools serve as both primary and junior high schools, with students generally commuting to or boarding at larger towns to finish the last two years of their education. - In Western Australia, Catholic primary schools are usually (but not always) linked to a parish. Prior to the 1970s, most schools were founded by religious institutes, but with the decrease in membership of these institutes, together with major reforms inside the church, lay teachers and administrators began to take over the schools, a process which completed by approximately 1990. The Catholic Education Office (CEO), headquartered in Leederville, was established in 1993 and is responsible for co-ordinating administration, curriculum and policy across the Catholic school system. Preference for enrolment is given to Catholic students from the parish or local area, although non-Catholic students are admitted if room is available. - Until 2009, Catholic primary schools accommodate students from kindergarten to year 7 in the Western Australian school system, but from 2010, year 7 students are accommodated by the Catholic high school system. The change is limited to Catholic schools; almost all others (state and independent) remain K–7 schools. - Independent schools (officially referred to as ""non-systemic schools"" in Part 4 of the School Education Act 1999) comprise those which are outside the State or Catholic systems. These schools are officially registered by the Minister based on formal advice from the chief executive officer of the Department of Education and Training, following an application by the governing body of the school at least six months in advance of the school's opening. It is an offence in Western Australia to run an unregistered school, under Section 154 of the Act. Under the previous Act (Education Act 1928), a school could commence first but had to apply within one month for ""efficient"" status, which would be granted by the Minister after inspection and a comprehensive audit by the Department (Section 32A). -",2023-08-26 18:20:01 -Heteropoda - Wikipedia," - 189 accepted species; see text. - Heteropoda is a genus of spiders in the family Sparassidae, the huntsman spiders. They are mainly distributed in tropical Asia and Australia, while at least one species, H. venatoria, has a cosmopolitan distribution,[1] and H. variegata occurs in the Mediterranean.[2] - These spiders catch and eat insects, but in a laboratory study one species readily ate fish and tadpoles when offered.[1] H. venatoria has also been known to eat scorpions and bats.[3] - The largest species in the genus, H. maxima, is about 4.6 centimeters long but has a legspan of up to 30 centimeters, making it the largest of any extant spider.[4] - As of August 2022, there were 189 species in the genus, after series of revisions.[5][6] -",2023-08-26 18:20:05 -Peter Harrison (historian) - Wikipedia," - Peter D. Harrison FAHA (born 1955) is an Australian Laureate Fellow and director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at the University of Queensland. - Peter Harrison holds a DLitt from the University of Oxford, a PhD from the University of Queensland, and master's degrees from Yale and Oxford. His academic career began at Bond University on Australia's Gold Coast, where for a number of years he was professor of history and philosophy. From 2007 to 2011 he was the Andreas Idreos Professor of Science and Religion at the University of Oxford.[1][2] During his time at Oxford, he was a fellow of Harris Manchester College and director of the Ian Ramsey Centre where he continues to hold a senior research fellowship. He became the inaugural director of the University of Queensland's Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities in July 2015. He is fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, a corresponding member of the International Academy of the History of Science, and a member of the International Society for Science and Religion. In 2003 he was awarded a Centenary Medal. He delivered the 2011 Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh[3] published as The Territories of Science and Religion and named winner of the 2015 Aldersgate Prize.[4] In 2014 he was awarded an Australian Laureate Fellowship to conduct a five-year research project exploring science and secularization.[5] He delivered the Bampton Lectures at the University of Oxford in February 2019.[6] - Harrison is best known for a number of influential writings on religion and the origins of modern science. He has argued that changing approaches to the interpretation of the Bible had a significant impact on the development of modern science. He has also suggested that the biblical story of the Fall played a key role in the development of experimental science. His earlier work traces changing conceptions of religion in the Western world. Harrison contends that the idea of religions as sets of beliefs and practices emerged for the first time in the 17th century. This earlier work on religion was revisited in his 2011 Gifford Lectures, where he argued that current conceptions of both ""science"" and ""religion"" are relatively recent Western inventions, and that contemporary relations between science and religion are to some extent already built into the categories themselves. Rethinking the relations between science and religion, on this account, is not a matter of considering relations between scientific and religious doctrines, but of rethinking the ways in which science and religion themselves are currently conceptualised. - Similarly, he also contends that the concept of Western values is a quite recent, 20th-century Western emergence, despite being traced back to classical antiquity and the New Testament.[7] In 2017, Harrison demonstrated that the Credo quia absurdum was a quote misattributed to Tertullian in the early modern period as a part of anti-religious and anti-Catholic polemics.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:20:10 -Research and Development Efficiency Act - Wikipedia,"The Research and Development Efficiency Act (H.R. 5056) is a bill that would instruct the Office of Science and Technology Policy to establish a working group under the authority of the National Science and Technology Council to review federal regulations affecting research and research universities and make recommendations on how to streamline them and reduce the regulatory burden on such researchers.[1] - The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. - The National Science Board conducted a survey that found that an average of 42 percent of a federal research grant recipient's time is spent on administrative tasks.[2] - According to a description from Rep. Ed Royce (R-CA), the bill ""establishes a working group to review federal regulations affecting research universities in order to eliminate redundant and duplicative federal regulation.""[2] - The Research and Development Efficiency Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on July 10, 2014 by Rep. Larry Bucshon (R, IN-8).[3] It was referred to the United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. On July 14, 2014, the House voted to pass the bill in a voice vote.[3] - The Association of American Universities (AAU) supported the bill, arguing that the legislation ""can lead to a long-needed reduction in the regulatory burden currently imposed on universities and their faculty members who conduct research on behalf of the federal government.""[4] According to the AAU, ""too often federal requirements"" for accounting for federal grant money ""are ill-conceived, ineffective, and/or duplicative.""[4] This wastes the researchers' times and ""reduces the time they can devote to discovery and innovation and increases institutional compliance costs.""[4] - Rep. Lamar Smith supported the bill, saying that it was ""an important step to ensure federal research dollars are being spent on research and not on regulatory requirements.""[5] - Rep. Bucshon, who introduced the bill, said that his goal is ""to alleviate some of the burden placed on our research universities so they can get back to their main goal of conducting basic science research.""[6] -  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government. -",2023-08-26 18:20:13 -Georgia State Route 400 - Wikipedia," - State Route 400 Georgia State Route 400 (SR 400; commonly known as Georgia 400) is a freeway and state highway in the U.S. state of Georgia serving parts of Metro Atlanta. It is concurrent with U.S. Route 19 (US 19) from exit 4 (Interstate 285) until its northern terminus south-southeast of Dahlonega, linking the city of Atlanta to its north-central suburbs and exurbs. SR 400 travels from the Lindbergh neighborhood in the Buckhead district of Atlanta, at Interstate 85 (I-85), to just south-southeast of Dahlonega. Like the Interstate highways, it is a limited-access road (with interchanges instead of intersections), but unlike the interstates (which were renumbered by GDOT in 2000), the exit numbers are not mileage-based, they are sequential. Once SR 400 passes exit 18 (SR 369), it changes from a limited-access freeway into an at-grade divided highway with traffic lights, but still with a high speed limit of 65 miles per hour (105 km/h), and ends at the J.B. Jones Intersection at SR 60/SR 115 in Lumpkin County. - Between I-85 and I-285, SR 400 is designated ""T. Harvey Mathis Parkway"", after a local land developer and road proponent who died the day after being appointed as head of the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games in June 1991, when the tollway was under construction. Upon reaching the Perimeter (I-285) and beyond, the highway is designated ""Turner McDonald Parkway"". - Unlike most other Georgia state routes in the 400-499 series, SR 400 is the only such highway not to be designated as an unsigned route following a major expressway in the state.[citation needed] - SR 400 begins at I-85 just north of Downtown Atlanta. SR 400 travels concurrently with MARTA's Red Line between its Buckhead and Medical Center stops; the Red Line's final stop is at the North Springs station. SR 400 southbound can access the station via Exit 5C, and traffic from the station can enter SR 400 northbound. - SR 400 goes through a tunnel under the Atlanta Financial Center in Buckhead, south of SR 400's exit 2 (SR 141 Connector/Lenox Road). Farther north, SR 400 meets I-285, also known as ""The Perimeter"" or ""Atlanta Bypass"". - At I-285, SR 400 meets with US 19. The two travel concurrently until an intersection with SR 60 and SR 115 in Dahlonega. - North of I-285, SR 400 travels through Sandy Springs, Roswell, and Alpharetta in Fulton County. Major junctions include SR 140 (exit 7A/7B on SR 400 northbound and exit 7 on SR 400 southbound) and SR 120 (exit 10). - From US 19 and I-285 in Sandy Springs, SR 9 travels parallel to SR 400 to the west until SR 9 reaches Coal Mountain. In Coal Mountain, SR 9 veers northwest away from SR 400, but then later turns northeast toward its northern terminus at its intersection at US 19 in downtown Dahlonega. - SR 400's exit 6 at Northridge Road is known as the Mayor Eva Cohn Galambos Memorial Interchange. - From SR 400's exit 8, Mansell Road, to exit 11, Windward Parkway, North Point Parkway travels parallel to the east of SR 400. North Point Parkway provides access to North Point Mall. - SR 400 enters Forsyth County at the overpass of McGinnis Ferry Road. In the county, SR 400 travels through Cumming and Coal Mountain. Major interchanges include SR 141 (exit 13), SR 20 (exit 14A/14B on SR 400 northbound; exit 14 on SR 400 southbound), SR 306 (exit 17), and SR 369. SR 400's limited-access portion ends at SR 369, and SR 400 continues on. - Travelers can access Bald Ridge Marina and boat ramps for Lake Lanier via exits 15 (Bald Ridge Marina Road) and 16 (Pilgrim Mill Road). - North of SR 400's intersection with Jot Em Down Road, SR 400 continues into Dawson County, where it travels through Dawsonville. Major intersections include SR 53 and SR 136. - At the intersection of SR 400 and SR 53, a continuous-flow intersection was completed in May 2017.[2] Near this intersection is the entrance to North Georgia Premium Outlets. - SR 400 continues into Lumpkin County just south of its intersection with Whelchel Road and Wilson Drive. After traveling 3.7 miles (6.0 km) in the county, SR 400 and US 19 meet SR 115 from the north and SR 60 from the east. SR 400 ends at this point, and US 19 turns left and continues north through downtown Dahlonega into the Appalachian Mountains and the Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest. - All of SR 400 south of the Dawson–Lumpkin county line is included as part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility.[3][4] - Exits on the controlled-access part of SR 400 are numbered according to the consecutive numbering system instead of reference post (i.e. mile-based) numbering. This is unlike the Interstate highways in Georgia, which have used reference post numbering since 2000, with the exception of I-24, which continues the exit numbering from Tennessee as the interstate highway crosses through Georgia back into Tennessee. This means that exit numbers on SR 400 start at 1 and use consecutive numbers (2, 3, 4, etc.) regardless of the nearest mile marker. - At the southern terminus, new ramps connecting SR 400 south to I-85 north and I-85 south to SR 400 north opened on April 2, 2014.[5] The project was two years in the making and was paid for with funds from the SR 400 toll plaza. Prior, drivers had to exit off SR 400 onto Sidney Marcus Boulevard to get to I-85 north. On I-85 south, drivers had to take the Cheshire Bride Road/Lenox Road exit to get to Sidney Marcus Boulevard for access onto SR 400 north. The ramp from I-85 south is shared with the SR 13 ramp (exit 86). From SR 400, Sidney Marcus Boulevard is now exit 1B and the ramp to I-85 north is 1A. - In Forsyth County in 2017–2018, SR 400 was expanded from two lanes to three from McFarland Parkway to SR 369 (which is planned to be exit 18). - Planning for the freeway, later known as the North Fulton Expressway, began in 1954.[6] The initial section north of I-285 was officially dedicated on May 24, 1971[7] and subsequent additions to the north opened in stages through 1981. The road was subsequently widened in the late 1980s from its original four-lane configuration to eight lanes between I-285 and Holcomb Bridge Road, and to six lanes between Holcomb Bridge Road and Haynes Bridge Road. The widening projects were brought on by the massive growth that the freeway brought to northern Fulton and southern Forsyth counties. In 2005 the GDOT began widening the section from Holcomb Bridge Road to Windward Parkway from six to eight lanes from Holcomb Bridge Road to McFarland Parkway. In addition, metal noise barrier walls and a concrete divider in the median were also added. In 2010, a half-diamond interchange (exit 4C) was added on the north side of Hammond Drive, allowing southbound exits and northbound entrances. - At one time, SR 400 was to connect to I-675 in southeast DeKalb county. However, residents in intown Atlanta neighborhoods did not want the highway to cut through and partially destroy their neighborhoods (as had occurred in Sweet Auburn and other neighborhoods), and a freeway revolt ensued, ending when then-Governor Jimmy Carter signed a new city charter and the USDOT rejected the highway studies in 1973, and George Busbee had the plan officially terminated when he became governor in 1975. The point where this road would have had its interchange with the also-doomed I-485 (now Freedom Parkway and SR 10 to Stone Mountain Freeway) is now the site of the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum. A later routing of I-485 would have had that number running from the Downtown Connector east to the current library, then north on what is now SR 400. - A revival of the connection to I-675 was proposed in 2009. A tunnel would go under East Atlanta and other neighborhoods in Atlanta on the DeKalb-county side, south to I-20. A surface road through less-developed land would then go south to I-675. The project would be a public/private initiative.[needs update] - The northern portion of the inside-the-Perimeter route remained alive following the freeway revolts, and after lawsuits by residents that spent several years in court, GDOT was able to force the extension through Buckhead. Dozens of homes were taken through eminent domain or the threat of it, and the highway was built through the middle of formerly-secluded and forested neighborhoods. Some remaining residents live on dead end streets with metal barrier walls. - During planning stages of the highway in 1984, the Robinson-Humphrey Bank Company proposed a massive expansion of its office building in Buckhead, now known as the Atlanta Financial Center, which was to be built directly in the proposed routing of the highway. A compromise was worked out for Fulton County to pay $3 million to Robinson-Humphrey to offset extra construction costs. This allowed the new tower to be constructed with special concrete supports allowing for the highway and eventual MARTA Red Line to run underneath; the deal also covered Robinson-Humphrey's $1 million donation of the right-of-way to the Georgia DOT.[8] Construction of the massive tunnel underneath the office complex and its parking garage was underway in 1990; the tunnel was sealed off with concrete to protect the building from noise and vibration. - The original plans for the North Tollway put interchanges at Marion Road (now Sidney Marcus Boulevard), Peachtree Road at North Stratford Road, Wieuca Road, Windsor Parkway, and Johnston Ferry Road.[9] By 1972, plans had been adjusted to exclude the Wieuca Road exit and add an expressway connecting Andrews Road at Roswell Road to Peachtree Road at Lenox Road as an alternative to a direct interchange with Peachtree Road.[10] The mainline toll booth would have been south of Peachtree Road.[11] By 1986, the present alignment with only 3 exits (Marion Road, Buckhead Loop/Lenox Road, and Glenridge Connector) and a single tollbooth north of Peachtree Road were finalized, eliminating direct access to both Peachtree Road and the residential Buckhead neighborhoods.[12] - Atlanta City Council member Buddy Fowlkes was opposed to the extension of GA 400; ""I'm encouraged,"" he said in 1989. ""People are starting to understand that there are alternatives to the Georgia 400 extension.""[13] - In 1991, the State Road and Tollway Authority authorized $96 million in bonds to pay for the GA 400 Buckhead extension which would be paid back by 2011 with toll revenue.[14] -The road opened to traffic on August 1, 1993, after three years of construction.[15] Existing exits were renumbered up by four to accommodate the extension[citation needed], which had a single toll plaza in the middle of its length when opened. - In addition, the North Line (now Red Line) for Atlanta's MARTA train system was constructed in the median from the Glenridge Connector to south of Lenox Road, and was opened on June 8, 1996, extending the line from Lenox Square mall north to Perimeter Mall, and connecting the Perimeter Center area to the rail system. That edge city largely developed due to its proximity to the 400/285 interchange. - Direct access from SR 400 southbound to I-85 northbound (and the reverse direction) opened in April 2014, ending the need to take the indirect route via Sidney Marcus Boulevard. In June 2015, a ceremony was held to name the flyover bridges for Captain Herb Emory, a beloved local traffic reporter for WSB AM and WSB-TV (as well as other co-owned stations) who had also died in April 2014.[16] - Funding for a project to create a new interchange on SR 400 at SR 369/Browns Bridge Rd came from the Forsyth County Transportation Bond, approved by voters in 2014, along with GDOT funding.[17] Previously, SR 400 met SR 369 at a signalized intersection, where the freeway part of SR 400 ended. Plans showed that a partial cloverleaf interchange would be built, with ramps from both directions of SR 400 meeting SR 369 at traffic lights; the northbound SR 400 ramp would also meet at the entrance of Browns Bridge Church. Also as a part of this project, SR 369 will be widened from its intersection with SR 9, through the interchange at SR 400, to its intersection at SR 306.[18] The widening project is currently still underway as of 2023. The workers cleared the area and removed underground storage tanks, per county officials.[19] Forsyth County acquired four properties as part of right-of-way acquisition and is expected to go out for bid in the fall of 2019; a bid is expected to be awarded in early 2020.[20] Construction began in late 2020 and the interchange opened in early 2023.[21] - When SR 400 was a toll road, the toll plaza, operated by the State Road and Tollway Authority (SR TA), collected 50¢ tolls in both the northbound and southbound directions. The toll plaza was located north of Lenox Road (exit 2). Each direction had two open-road toll lanes, which collected tolls at highway speeds using the Georgia Peach Pass electronic tag (formerly ""Cruise Card""), and seven gated toll lanes that accepted cash. The toll facility handled a total of approximately 120,000 vehicles per day. About 37% of transactions were paid via Peach Pass, the same technology also used by SunPass in Florida, Quick Pass in North Carolina, TxTag in Texas, and PikePass in Oklahoma. Peach Pass can be used interchangeably with the Florida and North Carolina systems and passes, but not with TxTag and PikePass, due to a lack of reciprocal billing arrangements with those non-adjacent states. - SR 400 was the only active toll road in Georgia, after the Torras Causeway toll between Brunswick and St. Simons Island on the southeastern Georgia coast was removed in 2003,[22] until the high occupancy toll express lanes opened on I-85 in 2011. The SR 400 toll was to expire in 2011 after 20 years. In March 2009, local TV news reports brought up an issue regarding tolls on the road, since SRTA reported that enough money has been collected to pay the bonds used to construct the road (though prepayment prior to 2011 was prohibited). Despite promises that the toll would be removed once the road was paid for, the tolls continued to be collected. The road costs $2 million per year just to maintain (plus occasional repaving), and it cost several million more for the demolition of the toll plaza. (One option would have been to simply close the toll plaza, allowing drivers to pass through without paying.) On September 24, 2010, then Governor Sonny Perdue and members of the State Road and Tollway Authority (SRTA) voted to keep the tolls on until 2020 in order to fund 11 new projects on the highway.[23] - In July 2012, two weeks before voters of Georgia voted on the Transportation Referendum act, Governor Deal said that the toll on SR 400 would be abandoned in November 2013, meaning that, at the beginning of 2014, SR 400 would be a toll-free road.[24][25] Tolling was discontinued on November 22, 2013 at 11:08 am; the last toll was collected by Governor Nathan Deal and was paid by the same couple that paid the first toll in 1993. The toll plaza was removed in a four-phase demolition project.[26] - In 2012, a feasibility study was initiated by the Georgia Department of Transportation to explore the possibility of adding tolled express lanes.[27] The proposed express lanes would be 24 miles (39 km) long, and mirror the existing lanes on I-85. The lanes' southern terminus will be I-285 in Sandy Springs, and their northern terminus would be SR 20 in Cumming. Fees would be similar to the existing I-85 lanes, and will be paid using Peach Pass, making the express lanes compatible with the existing express lanes on I-85 (as well as the former toll plaza in Buckhead if it had remained in operation). - A traffic study in 2007 explored the possibility of a new interchange on SR 400 at McGinnis Ferry Road; this Interchange Feasibility Report was approved by GDOT in 2010 and Forsyth County in 2012.[28] The exit is to be located between Exit 11 (Windward -Parkway) and Exit 12 (McFarland Parkway). Construction started in October 2021, and is expected to be completed in 2023.[29] Construction will be completed by Forsyth County and GDOT. As a part of the project, one lane each way will be added on SR 400 between the Windward Pkwy exit and the McFarland Pkwy exit, and SR 400 S will have an additional lane added between McFarland Pkwy and McGinnis Ferry Rd. Also, as part of the construction:[28][30] - This project complements construction to extend Ronald Reagan Blvd from McFarland Pkwy to Majors Rd.[31] - GDOT, working with North Perimeter Contractors, began construction in February 2017 at the SR 400/I-285 interchange to add collector-distributor lanes and flyover ramps to ease congestion at the interchange.[32][33] The interchange currently sees 420,000 drivers each day, despite that the current interchange was designed to accommodate 100,000 drivers daily.[34] The project is expected to cost $800 million and is estimated to save drivers on SR 400 and I-285 a combined 20,000 hours of driving time each day.[35] The project will also include:[32][33][34] - Construction was originally expected to be completed by 2020, but due to discovering unmarked utility lines, and labor shortages & supply-chain problems as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, will now continue into 2024.[36] - GDOT is currently conducting environmental studies to study the impact of new express toll lanes each way on SR 400, starting at the North Springs MARTA station and traveling 16 miles along SR 400 to the McFarland Pkwy exit (exit 12).[37] The express lanes, for which drivers will need a Peach Pass to travel on, will be two buffer-separated lanes each way from the North Springs MARTA station to McGinnis Ferry Rd and one buffer-separated lane each way from McGinnis Ferry Rd to McFarland Pkwy.[38] The express lanes will use 'dynamic pricing,' so drivers will pay higher prices during rush hour; but, transit buses and registered vanpools will not have to pay additional fees to use these lanes.[39] In addition, a bus rapid transit system, Georgia's first, will run along the express lanes; the system will possibly include bus access to stops at or near the North Spring MARTA station, Holcomb Bridge Rd, North Point Mall, Old Milton Pkwy, and an existing MARTA park and ride at Windward Pkwy.[39] The local SR 400 lanes and the express lanes are expected to have direct merges around Northridge Rd (exit 6), Haynes Bridge Rd (exit 9) and at its terminus at McFarland Pkwy; expected direct access ramps will be located at the North Springs MARTA station, Holcomb Bridge Rd (exit 7), Webb Bridge Road, and Union Hill Rd.[37] -Construction was to begin in 2021, but due to increased costs (which exceeded GDOT's $1.7 billion budget) had to be delayed.[40] A new developer is expected to be announced in early 2024, construction to begin in 2025, and substantial completion to take place in 2031.[41] - As a part of the project, GDOT has said that they might be acquiring around 50 homes near the North Springs MARTA station, as well as small pieces of land along SR 400 north of Sandy Springs.[42] - GDOT is also working on environmental studies for express lanes along the top end of I-285, from Paces Ferry Rd to Henderson Rd, with construction slated to start in 2023 and finish in 2029.[43] Once this project is complete, GDOT will add express lanes along SR 400 from the North Springs MARTA station south to meet with the I-285 express lanes once they are completed.[42] - Several scenes from the movie Smokey and the Bandit were filmed on SR 400, which was used due to the low traffic volumes at the time of filming during its construction. The ""Alabama"" police chase, where a Georgia State Patrol car chases Bandit, who is driving a Trans-Am, takes place on SR 400 at the interchange with SR 141/Peachtree Pkwy, Exit 13.[44] In addition, other film scenes were shot along SR 400 between McFarland Pkwy in Alpharetta (Exit 12) and SR 20/Buford Hwy in Cumming (Exit 14).[45] Filming also took place in other parts of metro Atlanta, including McDonough and Jonesboro.[46] -",2023-08-26 18:20:17 -Bob Lape - Wikipedia,"Bob Lape (born Robert Cable Lape; 1933 in Akron, Ohio) is an American broadcast journalist, writer, restaurant reviewer, and food critic. - Lape worked as a reporter and news director at WCUE in Akron, Ohio, WICE in Providence, Rhode Island and WBZ in Boston, Massachusetts, before joining WABC-TV in New York City as a charter member of the Eyewitness News[1] team in 1968. Originally hired as a political and crime reporter (beats he would continue throughout his run with the station), as well as being an occasional anchor, Lape started a segment called ""The Eyewitness Gourmet"" in 1970. It became a highly popular feature on the program, running 1,200 times in 12 years and was called ""the harbinger of the Television Food Network""[2] by restaurateur Drew Nieporent. Lape also reviewed film and theater for WBZ-TV and WKBG-TV in Boston and for WABC-TV. After leaving Eyewitness News, he hosted a phone in talk show, Bob Lape's Food Show, on WABC (AM) and wrote a restaurant column in the New York Law Journal. He also served as a network radio news correspondent for the ABC Information Network. His restaurant review column in Crain's New York Business was its most popular feature for 24 years, and ""Bob Lape's Dining Diary,""[3] broadcast on WCBS since 1986, focuses on eating and drinking reviews, trends and events. Lape is the author of the journals Epicurean Rendezvous, 1990–1996, and Bob Lape's Restaurant Index, 1987-1991 (along with art by Milton Glaser). Lape is co-author with Joanna Pruess of the book Seduced by Bacon : Recipes & Lore About America's Favorite Indulgence ISBN 1-59228-851-0 - Bob Lape's awards include Kent State University 2022 Alumni Award for Professional Achievement, Chevalier d'honneur Swiss Ordre du Channe, conferred in 2004, and an Emmy Award for TV News Coverage in 1980; a series of UPI Tom Phillips Awards for radio news in the 1960s; and a Congressional Citation for WBZ's coverage of the Great NE Blackout. He led the combined WBZ radio and TV news team, the sole broadcaster on the air for the region. - He is a member of the Ohio-based Broadcasters' Hall of Fame,[4] The Friars Club, the Commanderie de Cordon Bleu de France, and the Association of Italian Sommeliers. He received his bachelor's degree at Kent State University in 1955. - [1] - 5. [2] - 6. https://www.kent.edu/alumni/kent-state-alumni-awards -",2023-08-26 18:20:21 -"San Giacomo, Anagni - Wikipedia","San Giacomo is a Roman Catholic church located on Via Regina Margherita in the town of Anagni, province of Frosinone, region of Lazio, Italy. - A monastery in the town was putatively founded by St Dominic himself, this church was built alongside the monastery under the papacy of Pope Innocent IV, and dedicated to St James and St Lucy. Saint Thomas Aquinas was said to have resided in the monastery. In 1770, the church was refurbished in a late Baroque style by the Cardinal Juan Tomás de Boxadors, who was ordained in the Dominican order. In 1873, the monastery was suppressed and converted first into a hospital, and later a boarding school Regina Margherita. - The church has a cosmatesque mosaic floor. The main altar tabernacle has been attributed to Vassaletto. The main altar has an early medieval painted crucifix.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°44′49″N 13°09′00″E / 41.74694°N 13.15000°E / 41.74694; 13.15000 -",2023-08-26 18:20:24 -Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate - Wikipedia,"This article is about the coat of arms of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (German: Rheinland-Pfalz). - The state flag and the coat of arms were designed in 1947 after the new Land of Rheinland-Pfalz was formed by the authority of the French High Commissioner to Germany. The flag symbolizes the dedication of Rhineland-Palatinate to Germany (therefore the black-red-gold tricolour) as well as the democratic traditions of Germany. These colours were seen first in this combination during the Hambacher Fest, a mass demonstration by German liberals at the ruins of the Hambacher Schloss in 1832. The Palatinate is therefore connected to these colours. - The coat of arms, an integral part of the state flag, symbolises the three predominant powers in the region before the French Revolution of the late 18th century: - The Volkskrone (people's crown) consists of vine leaves and shows the importance of this crop for local agriculture. - § 1 The state's colors are black-red-gold. - § 2 The state's coat of arms has the form of a round shield. This is split by an ascending sagging peak and shows on the right side on a silver field a continuous red cross, on the left side red field a silver six spokes wheel and in the ascending black peak a redly crowned and reinforced, gold lion. The coat of arms is covered by a golden people's crown (vine leaves)... - § 4 Decisive for the design of the state's coat of arms and the state's flag are the patterns, added to this law.",2023-08-26 18:20:28 -Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian) - Wikipedia,"Johann Friedrich Mayer (6 December 1650 – 30 March 1712) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of theology at Wittenberg University. -He was an important champion of Lutheran orthodoxy and General Superintendent of Swedish Pomerania. - Johann Friedrich Mayer was born in Leipzig on 6 December 1650 as the son of Johann Ulrich Mayer and his wife Ursula Sophia Braun. He attended the University of Leipzig and was awarded a bachelor's degree on 21 April 1666. A master's degree in liberal arts from the Faculty of Philosophy Faculty followed on 30 January 1668. He then attended the University of Strasbourg, where he applied himself to theological studies under Balthasar Friedrich Salzmann and Balthasar Bebel [de] until 1670.[1][2] - On 13 February 1671, he joined the Theological Faculty of Leipzig University. On 29 January 1672, he was made Saturday preacher (assistant pastor) in Leipzig, and later that year he was appointed superintendent in Leisnig. On 29 May 1673 he obtained his licentiate and on 19 October 1674 his doctorate in Theology. On 27 November 1678, he was appointed pastor and superintendent in Grimma.[1][2] - However, he did not find the position in Grimma fulfilling and wished to pursue an academic career.[2] During his work as pastor, Mayer had made a name for himself as a writer of pamphlets against Syncretists, Arminianists and Papists. - By decision of the Saxon High Consistory in Dresden, he was appointed fourth professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg on 12 May 1684, where he worked alongside Abraham Calovius, Johannes Andreas Quenstedt, and Johann Deutschmann.[2] This post entailed serving as second preacher at the Wittenberg Castle Church and administering the state scholarships. In his inaugural address he argued, with reference to Philipp Spener's Pia desideria [de], that theology should pursue piety rather than engaging in speculation.[2] - Mayer was rector of Wittenberg University in the winter semester of 1684. The scandal of the breakdown of his marriage, ending in divorce, which was rare at that time, impaired Mayer's effectiveness in Wittenberg, and he accepted the position of senior pastor of St. James' Church, Hamburg, though he would have preferred to remain in Wittenberg. Spener had admonished Mayer in connection with his marital problems and prevented him from obtaining positions that became available in Wittenberg, which led to a deep and lasting rift between Mayer and Spener.[2] As a champion of Lutheran orthodoxy, Mayer later became one of Spener's most troublesome opponents. - In 1692–93 there was a serious controversy among the senior pastors in Hamburg concerning the admissibility of Pietist conventicles. Mayer vehemently rejected them, along with Pietism in general, while Johann Heinrich Horb [de], the senior pastor at St. Nicholas', approved them, supported by Abraham Hinckelmann, senior pastor at St. Catherine's, and Johann Winckler [de], senior pastor at St. Michael's. Mayer prevailed and Horb was removed from his post; after Mayer's departure, however, Winckler, who had formerly acted as mediator, became the senior minister in Hamburg.[2] - During his time in Hamburg, Mayer conducted a lively correspondence with leading figures of his time. He was active at the Hamburg Academic Gymnasium [de], was briefly professor at the University of Kiel, and was made a Senior Church Councillor (Oberkirchenrat) of Holstein. In addition, in 1691 King Charles XI of Sweden made him Senior Church Councillor (Oberkirchenrat) of the German territory under Swedish rule. In 1698 he was Consistorial Councillor to Anna Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg and was also involved in theological affairs in Berlin. - In Hamburg Mayer had advanced to the status of an important champion of Lutheran orthodoxy. -Following the death of Konrad Tiburtius Rango [de], Charles XII of Sweden, on 11 May 1701, offered Mayer Rango's post of General Superintendent of Swedish Pomerania, a position which he took up on 12 August.[1][2] -By virtue of this office he was professor of the Theological Faculty of the University of Greifswald, pastor and senior city minister at the collegiate church of St. Nicholas, assistant chancellor of the university, and chairman of the Greifswald Consistory. Aided by his already voluminous library and art collection, Mayer developed extensive activity as an author in Greifswald. - Mayer played an active role in the organizational work at the university and was its rector in 1701 and 1705. - He concerned himself with the history of Pomerania and intended to establish a learned society. However, the events of the Great Northern War intervened. Despite his loyalty to his Swedish master, after the entry of the enemy army on 25 January 1712, he was supposed to hold a prayer service for Peter the Great and Augustus II the Strong in St. Nicholas's church, where he was supposed to pray for the permanent expulsion of his Swedish employer. This caused him such agitation that he suffered a stroke. Because of this he resigned all his offices and went to Stettin, where he died of a further stroke.[2] - On 29 May 1673 J. F. Mayer married Catharina Sabina Welsch, the daughter of Gottfried Welsch, a Leipzig Professor of Medicine. His son Johann Abraham Mayer later became a Professor of Medicine in Greifswald. The marriage was dissolved in 1686. - Johann Friedrich Mayer died 30 March 1712 in Stettin.[2] - As a strictly orthodox Lutheran, Mayer brooked no deviations from prescribed beliefs and, even during this period of late Orthodoxy, insisted on the sole validity of Lutheran orthodoxy. He did not realize that this obduracy deprived orthodoxy of its legitimation. It was this rigid attitude that enabled the currents of Rationalism and early Enlightenment to develop, which could not have been his intention. - Mayer built up a large book and art collection. He had one of the largest private libraries of the early 18th century. His art collection included a synagogue scene, a large collection of medals and a large number of pictures, including Cranach's portraits of the Protestant Reformers of Wittenberg. -In 1694, Mayer was given an eight-voice residence organ by the organ builder Arp Schnitger, and he took this with him when he moved to Greifswald. -After his death, his library was sold at auction. Most of the pictures remained in the family's possession until they were auctioned at the end of the 18th century. A copy of a Rubens painting from Mayer's collection now hangs in the church of Neuenkirchen. -In 1742, the organ was installed in the Gutskapelle Deyersdorf; the box and two original registers by Arp Schnitger are still intact.[3][4] - Mayer had 281 printed works published, so only a selection is given here. - The following are cited indirectly via the German Wikipedia article (q.v.). The translator of the English article may not have seen the original sources: -",2023-08-26 18:20:32 -National Hispanic Institute - Wikipedia," - The National Hispanic Institute (NHI) is an international nonprofit organization dedicated to serving the future leadership needs of the global Hispanic community. Founded in 1979 in the State of Texas with the mission of serving the future leadership needs of the United States via the Hispanic/Latino community, NHI became the largest Latino youth organization in the United States. [2][3] NHI is now an international organization with over 85,000 alumni worldwide and a well-known consortium of notable colleges and universities. [4][5][6] - To carry out its mission, NHI annually conducts independent research focused on leadership and educational development, collaborates with K-12 schools, colleges, and universities, and works with over 3,000 high-achieving youth and their families. According to its website, NHI has distinguished itself from other organizations by not focusing on civil rights, not pointing to existing social problems as the rallying call to civic involvement, or depicting Hispanics and Latinos as a community in urgent need in order to influence giving. [3] NHI instead recognizes the talent of Hispanic and Latino youth, the potential they represent to the future of the Hispanic/Latino community and extended sectors of the American and global society. Based on this philosophy, NHI develops and conducts experiences through which students may become intellectually, culturally, and socially engaged in the life of their communities. [3] - NHI utilizes a combination of community-based revenue generating strategies to fund its work. It relies neither on government nor private charity to support its efforts. [3] NHI is headquartered in Maxwell, Texas (approximately 30 minutes southeast of Austin, Texas) and maintains its Leadership Service Center on the campus of Villanova University in Villanova, Pennsylvania (approximately 20 minutes west of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania),[7] and its partnership with the Center for Hispanic Studies on the campus of Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. [8] - Since its first program in 1981, the National Hispanic Institute has identified and selected high-ability youth to participate in its leadership and academic development experiences. These selected students are intellectually challenged to alter old, strident views that have historically framed their understanding of Hispanics and Latinos. [3] According to its website, NHI's leadership programs pursue four key outcomes: - NHI leadership programs are hosted on the campuses of notable universities that are members of the organization's consortium known as the NHI College Register (NHI CR). The leadership programs have historically been hosted on campuses in Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington State in the continental United States. They have also been hosted in Argentina, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Spain. [3] - (for students between 9th and 10th grade) - Each Great Debate conference hosts between 150 and 300 students and discusses complex themes that are important to the growth and leadership supply of the Latino community. NHI's goal is for youth to increase their capacity to express thought, respond to intellectual challenges, work in organized endeavors, and compete against their top peers. Beyond learning about important community issues, participants gain a support network of NHI alumni, including education directors, mentors, and coaches. These volunteers are former participants of the Great Debate and other NHI leadership programs like the Lorenzo de Zavala Youth Legislative Session and Collegiate World Series. They dedicate hundreds of hours of their time to advance your leadership readiness. In addition, our university hosts/partners invest in supplying their campuses and facilities to support your leadership development. As a Great Debate student, you will receive other opportunities as well, like participation as a volunteer mentor, opportunities to win invitations to Celebración, future programs, and access to the NHI College Register network.[9] - (for students between 10th and 11th grade, or between 11th and 12th grade) - This experience is an opportunity for young people to learn how to navigate, manage, and create large organizations by taking charge of their own youth government and proposing future community policies and projects. Since the first project in Austin, Texas, in 1982, students from over 25 states and four Latin American nations have convened at one of six host sites to play this leadership game of vision, influence, and construction of communities of the future. Each host site serves between 150 and 200 students from throughout the United States and parts of Latin America. - Programs are staffed and supervised by fully certified NHI undergraduate senior counselors, graduate volunteers, and adult professionals who do an annual “Week of NHI Service” as Education Directors. - (for students between 11th and 12th grade) - NHI is familiar with the fact that, from one day to the next, high school seniors are expected to make the transition to independent adult life. The CWS prepares students for the emotional ups and downs of adapting to life away from their parents, making large financial investments, managing time effectively, understanding various cultures and lifestyles different from their own, and making critical decisions that eventually chart the course of their life journey. - For five days, the CWS shepherds students into the transition of going into independent mode – adulthood – and the responsibilities that come with it. Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) is the core methodology of this program, which engages students in an investigative and question-driven approach to mapping out the next 12 to 60 months of their lives. - Of NHI's three high school leadership programs, the CWS represents the most serious and thought-provoking experience. It is also the program that tests students’ ability to transform challenges into workable solutions. [10] - Celebración is the National Hispanic Institute's showcase event that annually invites its high school age and undergraduate students to participate in a four-day experience that introduces them to community social entrepreneurship as part of their continued involvement in leadership training. - Nearly 450 high school students and 100 undergraduate students attend this event, not to mention an additional 100 alumni who also convene to discuss ways of furthering the work and mission of the organization. Other features of Celebración include a private college fair, an alumni awards banquet, student entertainment, awards recognition, and opportunities for all participants to broaden their social networks and contacts among individuals who actively work to help change the lives of others. [11] - (for college students) - The JFL Fellowship gives high-achieving college students the opportunity to develop their ability to mobilize communities and operate at executive levels and provides these students with a means to share their developing knowledge and expertise with others. As counselors, research specialists, trainers, and planners, fellows gain direct interactive experiences that enable them to critically examine the needs and capacities required for future leadership. Named in honor of NHI alumnus and board member, John F. Lopez, Jr., the JFL Fellowship is designed to elicit qualities of spirit, creativity, and talent. [12] - Due to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, NHI decided to launch digital versions of its Great Debate and CWS programs, branding the new online programs as the Digital Learning Experiences and the individual programs as GDx and CWSx respectively. The Digital Learning Experiences also included a symposium series for all students enrolled in 2020 summer programs, geared specifically for LDZ students. During the summer of 2020, students participated in three different GDx programs and two different CWSx programs. [13] - NHI annually conducts independent research focused on leadership and educational development via its Collaborative Research Center (CRC), its Leadership Service Center (LSC) at Villanova University, and its newly formed partnership with the Center for Hispanic Studies at Southwestern University. - The Collaborative Research Center (CRC) allows NHI to carry out research in collaboration with diverse community partners. The research across several youth populations includes the study of Latinos from upwardly mobile families, urban settings, rural communities, and immigrant backgrounds. This research allows NHI to remain current regarding the thinking and trends of these different population groups from the perspective of their educational aspirations, career interests, income levels, parent backgrounds and perceptions, youth attitudes towards the Latino community, levels of community involvement, and a host of other activity areas that include political participation, generational dynamics, purchasing trends, etc. [3] - CRC research is used primarily for internal use and study, however, more recently[when?] NHI research has been requested for various uses. NHI's CRC studies are currently aimed at assisting institutions of higher learning in their outreach and recruitment efforts, as well as improving their undergraduate retention rates. Additionally, the CRC is compiling and analyzing data regarding both the U.S. and global Latino communities' long-term capacities to maintain organizational effectiveness in an era of extreme population growth. [3] - In February 2008, Southwestern University and NHI announced they would jointly launch a partnership with the Center for Hispanic Studies on the campus of Southwestern University. The partnership's intent is to research and evaluate college-readiness programs for Hispanic youth. Specifically, the center's intent is to open doors to conducting much-needed research on the impact of community intervention strategies via leadership and education, such as those offered by NHI. The partnership is expected to augment the capacity of NHI's ongoing research via its CRC. [3][8] - NHI's College Register was founded and launched in 1989, as a consortium of select and notable post-secondary, four-year institutions that work closely with NHI to develop a new reservoir of Hispanic and Latino leaders that will make an impact on the global Latino community. [14] - The College Register is committed to increasing the numbers of Latino students at notable 4-year institutions and to the advancement and development of the Hispanic/Latino college campus community. Since its inception, the College Register and NHI have developed programs that have created new market techniques for conducting outreach to Latino families, name-branded member institutions among the college bound Hispanic/Latino youth community, and cultivated strong and effective leadership among Hispanic/Latino campus leaders. [15] - According to the NHI College Register directory, the following institutions are active members of NHI's consortium of notable colleges and universities:[16] - - Nieto published his book Third Reality: Crafting a 21st Century Hispanic/Latino Agenda, in 2001.[20] - Ernesto Nieto and Gloria de Leon are the co-founders of the National Hispanic Institute. Nieto has served as president since the organization's inception in 1979. He served in various management positions in both the state and federal governments. In 1979, he decided to leave his work in government to pursue his vision of creating a leadership institute for Hispanic/Latino youth. [20] - Nieto has received the Eagle Leadership Award by the El Paso, Texas City Council, the Meritorious Service Award by Southwestern University, and an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Texas Wesleyan University in Fort Worth, Texas. He has also been honored as a ""Distinguished Alumnus"" of both Southwestern University and Jefferson Davis High School. Other awards include Southwestern University's Citation of Merit Award for Community Service and the Human Relations Award from the National Association for College Admissions Counseling. [20] -",2023-08-26 18:20:36 -Narp Rural District - Wikipedia," - Narp Rural District (Persian: دهستان نارپ) is in Negar District of Bardsir County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Narp. - At the National Census of 2011, its population was 6,100 in 1,468 households.[3] At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 6,112 in 1,639 households. The largest of its 59 villages was the Afghan Refugee Camp, with 3,504 people.[2] - - This Bardsir County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:20:40 -Caroline Pratt (educator) - Wikipedia,"Caroline Pratt (May 13, 1867 – June 6, 1954[1] -) -was an American social thinker and progressive educational reformer whose ideas were influential in educational reform, policy, and practice.[2] - Pratt is known as the founder of City and Country School in the Greenwich Village section of the borough of Manhattan in New York City; the inventor of unit blocks;[3][4][5] and as the author of I Learn from Children (HarperCollins, 1948; rereleased in 1990; republished by Grove Atlantic in May 2014; released as a free audiobook in 2018 through Audible), an autobiographical account of her life and educational experiments, philosophies and practices. Pratt's specific style of progressive education, focused on first-hand experiences, open-ended materials, and social studies, has been cited and described by figures as noted as John Dewey[6] and the architect and playground designer David Rockwell.[7] Her original vision endures at City and Country School, which she founded in 1914 in the Greenwich Village section of New York City.[8][9] - Pratt was born in Fayetteville, New York, on May 13, 1867. Her formal primary education was conventional,[10] but her experiences of active, independent play with friends in Fayetteville's rural setting were to be more influential in her work. .[11] - After graduating high school on June 24, 1886, she spent a year caring for her sick father at home. In the fall of 1887 she was asked to accept a position teaching first grade in the village school.[12] She held this job until the fall semester of 1892, at which point she moved to New York City and enrolled in Teachers College. Although she began by studying kindergarten, she turned her attention toward earning a certificate from the Manual Training Shop, eventually earning a bachelor of pedagogy and a position teaching manual training to future teachers at the Philadelphia Normal School in 1894.[13] - Pratt joined the Philadelphia Normal School for Girls only six months before its manual training program's inception. She was a special instructor in woodworking, training teachers to be proficient in skills such as gauging, squaring, sawing, chiseling, planning and boring, doweling, and chamfering. Pratt's understanding of the relationship between hands-on learning and other subjects in a school's curriculum would be evident throughout her career.[14] - Pratt had a commitment to lifelong learning. In Philadelphia, she met Helen Marot, a feminist, social investigator, and writer. Marot founded a small library called the Library of Economic and Political Science, in which liberals and radicals would congregate and exchange ideas, where Pratt absorbed the spirit of progressivism. Pratt and Marot moved from Philadelphia to New York City in 1901. In New York, Pratt and Marot lived in Greenwich Village, where the Association of Neighborhood Workers of New York City hired Marot, and Pratt worked various jobs teaching manual training and carpentry. They lived together as life partners until 1940, when Marot died from a sudden heart attack.[15] - Caroline Pratt is featured in the American artist Thomas Hart Benton’s mural America Today in the panel ""City Activities with Dance Hall.""[16] - Upon her first observations of children recreating their worlds through play, Pratt wished to provide tools for children to expand on this natural activity. Around 1911, she devised a line of toys, Do-With Toys, for children to dramatize their observations and construct their knowledge through play. The toys comprised simple people, animals, and furniture, to be used in open-ended contexts as devised by the child.[17] - In 1913, Caroline Pratt enacted a two-month experiment with young children from Greenwich Village.[18] In this setting, the children were free to use materials to construct their knowledge about the world, using Pratt's unique designs for hand-made unit blocks.[19] This experiment led to her launching the Play School, which embodied a child-centered approach to education. with a strong emphasis on community as children worked together to reconstruct their experiences through play. The curriculum was drawn from the children's environment: observations about the neighborhood, for example, would inspire children to reflect on their world directly so that they could make sense of their experiences.[20] -With the support from the Bureau of Educational Experiments, now known as Bank Street College of Education,[21][22] the Play School expanded to brownstones on West 13th and 12th Streets, where it remains today, and was renamed the City and Country School. (See City and Country School for full history and contemporary profile.) - Under her leadership, the City and Country School developed an open-ended approach to teaching and learning that led to the design of several well-known programs. The Blocks Program, the Jobs Program, Rhythms, and a social-studies core curriculum were all (and continue to be) hallmarks of the school. Unit blocks continue to be used in classrooms and homes the world over,[23] and C&C is well known for its commitment to progressive practices and hosts numerous visitors, researchers, and education experts to the present day. - She was Principal of the City and Country School until she retired in 1945. She continued on as Principal Emerita until her death on June 6, 1954.[24] -",2023-08-26 18:20:43 -1997 Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group III - Wikipedia,"The Asia/Oceania Zone was one of the three zones of the regional Davis Cup competition in 1997. - In the Asia/Oceania Zone there were four different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier. The top two teams in Group III advanced to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II in 1998, whereas the bottom two teams were relegated to the Asia/Oceania Zone Group IV in 1998. - Group A - Group B -",2023-08-26 18:20:48 -Tricky TV - Wikipedia," - Tricky TV is a British television show that aired on CITV from 2005 to 2010, presented by magician Stephen Mulhern. The show featured street magic, pranks, illusions, and step-by-step how-to guides for magic tricks. - The show featured magic tricks such as making a tank vanish or making an entire football team appear. The ""wicked wind-ups"" segment included a gorilla that came to life, a cinema with exploding popcorn, and unstoppable drinks machines. ""Beat the Cheat"" exposed classic confidence tricks. Each show usually closed with a performance of a classic ""grand illusion"", such as sawing a woman in half. - In Series 1 and 2, each episode featured one or more special guest celebrities, who often took part in a number of tricks during the show, and sometimes participated in the show's closing illusion. In series 3, the format was redesigned with Mulhern presenting and a 'Tricky Team' of young magicians performing the illusions. - Tricky TV was first broadcast in the 4pm slot on ITV from 5 September 2005. - The show was produced by The Foundation, the same company that produced Finger Tips, Globo Loco and Holly & Stephen's Saturday Showdown, which also starred Stephen Mulhern. - The show featured frequent appearances by celebrities, and used glamour models and bodybuilders as magician's assistants. It was also noted for featuring viewers or their mothers in tricks.[1] - The creative consultant was Paul Andrews. The show's executive producer was Vanessa Hill for The Foundation. Series 2 was produced by Ian France and directed by Paul Andrews. Series 3 was co-produced, written and directed by Paul Andrews. - Series 1 consisted of ten episodes, and ran from 5 September 2005 to 7 November 2005. - Series 2 ran from 10 March – 2 June 2006 - Series 3 consisted of twenty episodes, and ran from 14 September – 15 October 2010. Episodes 1-14 were presented by Stephen Williams.[2] - Tricky Quickies was a cut-down version of the show with a duration of five minutes. Series 1 had 10 episodes, while series 2 had 15 episodes. - The Quick Trick Show was a sister show of Tricky TV, also presented by Mulhern, and also featuring magic tricks, ""wicked wind-ups"", illusions, and step-by-step guides to tricks. Five series were produced and aired on CITV between 1999 and 2002. - Tricky TV was aired in Southeast Asia on Cartoon Network Asia, in Germany on Super RTL, in the Arab World on MBC 4 and MBC Action, in Iran on MBC Persia, Iceland on Stöð 2, in Norway on NRK Super, in Canada on VRAK.TV, in India on Nickelodeon, in Hong Kong on ATV World and in Japan on Disney XD. -",2023-08-26 18:20:51 -Mark Warschauer - Wikipedia,"Mark Warschauer is a professor in the Department of Education and the Department of Informatics at the University of California, Irvine, where is also the director of the Ph.D. in Education program and founding director of the Digital Learning Lab.[1] He is the author or editor of eight books and more than 100 scholarly papers on topics related to technology use for language and literacy development, education, and social inclusion. - Warschauer's contributions fall in four areas: - Warschauer is among education researchers that recognize the potential of technologies, such as laptops, for fostering increased learning opportunities for second language learners. His several books on the topic, including Internet for English Teaching, Virtual Connections, Telecollaboration in Foreign Language Learning, and Network-Based Language Teaching, attracted the attention of second and foreign language teachers and researchers around the world. In these books, Warschauer critiqued previous views of computer-assisted language learning, which often emphasized tutorials of grammar and vocabulary, and instead articulated a vision of global citizenship and agency through online communication and research. - Warschauer expanded this vision with his book Electronic Literacy: Language, Culture, and Power in Online Education. This book focused on two themes that became prominent in his career: the particular skills and competency involved in becoming literate in the digital age, and the impact of this digital literacy on overcoming the marginalization of culturally and linguistically diverse learners. - Warschauer's book Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide, and his numerous articles on the same topic, including one in Scientific American, critiqued the traditional view of the digital divide as focused narrowly on hardware and software, and instead illustrated how social relations, human capital, culture and language were all critical for shaping people's access to and use of new information and communication technologies. The book was based on Warschauer's research on technology, education, and social development projects in Egypt, Brazil, China, India, and the United States. In this book, Warschauer explains three models of information and communications technology (ICT) and the digital divide: devices, conduits, and literacy.[2] While approaching ICT access in terms of access to devices and conduits might be the simplest way to understand the digital divide, these models of access neglect the technological aptitude necessary to effectively utilize ICTs.[2] Instead, he argues for the third model of access, literacy, as the superior model.[2] - Warschauer's most recent[when?] area of research focuses on laptop computers in education. His book, Laptops and Literacy: Learning in the Wireless Classroom analyzes how students learn to read, write, think, conduct research, and produce media in the laptop classroom. Though mostly a positive account, it includes enough negative examples to illustrate a point central to all of Warschauer's work, that of technology as intellectual and social amplifier. In this case, laptops were demonstrated to help good schools become better, but only exacerbated problems in troubled schools. - Warschauer served as a faculty researcher and doctoral candidate at the University of Hawaiʻi, where he published several of his early books and also organized two seminal international symposia on technology and language learning. While at the University of Hawaiʻi, Warschauer also founded and edited Language Learning & Technology, one of the first peer-reviewed academic journals published on the World Wide Web. - Following Hawaii, Warschauer took a position as director of educational technology on a large language education US aid project in Egypt. Warschauer's work in Egypt, which he wrote about extensively, also served as a basis for his publications on the digital divide. - Since 2001, Warschauer has been a professor in the Department of Education and the Department of Informatics at the University of California, Irvine, where he also contributes to the Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations and the Ada Byron Research Center for Diversity in Computing and Information Technology. Warschauer is the founding director of the PhD in Education program at UC Irvine, one of the few graduate programs in the U.S. that includes a specialization in Language, Literacy, and Technology. - Warschauer was the recipient in 1998 of the Educational Testing Service/TOEFL Policy Council Award for outstanding international contribution in the field of technology and language learning.[3] His books have been translated into Chinese, Japanese, and Portuguese and have been critically acclaimed in fields as diverse as education, media studies, cultural studies, communication, sociology, and information studies. He has been a keynote speaker at conferences in education and applied linguistics throughout the world. - On August 8, 2003, the body of Mark Warschauer's first son Michael was discovered in the backseat of Warschauer's car in the UC Irvine parking lot. Only 10 months old, ""Mikey"" had died of heat stroke. Warschauer told police he had intended to take Mikey to a day care center before going to his office, but had simply forgotten the boy was with him. Two months later prosecutors announced that they would not pursue criminal charges against Mark Warschauer, ruling the boy's death accidental.[4] Following the tragic event, Warschauer became active in groups educating parents about children's safety in and around cars.[5] He and his wife went on to have three subsequent children. -",2023-08-26 18:20:55 -Javier Yubero - Wikipedia,"Francisco Javier Yubero Solanilla (21 January 1972 – 22 September 2005) was a Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper. - Born in Irun, Gipuzkoa, Yubero made his professional debut with Real Sociedad in 1991–92, playing in one game. In the following season, he won the battle for first-choice with another youth graduate of the club, Alberto, and was the undisputed starter as the Basques finished 13th in La Liga.[1] - Subsequently, Yubero's career went downhill, with unassuming spells at Real Betis and CP Mérida in the second division. He settled in the same level with SD Eibar, and did appear in 39 matches in his third year but, after a move to Rayo Vallecano, again featured very rarely.[1] - Yubero would play until early 2003, in divisions three and four. As he was with amateur side Torredonjimeno CF, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which forced him to quit the game at 31; two years later, he succumbed to the disease.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:20:58 -Death (South Park) - Wikipedia,"""Death"" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American animated television series South Park. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on September 17, 1997. In the episode, Grandpa Marvin tries to convince Stan to kill him, while the parents of South Park protest the crude cartoon Terrance and Phillip. Death himself arrives to kill Kenny, and presents a warning to Grandpa Marvin against forcing others to help him commit suicide. - ""Death"" was written by series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone and directed by Stone on his first solo directorial work for an episode in the show. The episode, along with the Terrance and Phillip show, were inspired by early criticism that South Park was little more than flatulence jokes and primitive animation. The episode portrays the parents as being so invested in protesting television programs that they fail to pay any attention to what is going on in their children's lives. They want to make television clean and wholesome so the entertainment industry can raise their kids, while they themselves do not have to make the time and effort to be full-time parents. The episode also advocates against censorship and addresses the morality and ethics of euthanasia. - ""Death"" was the last of the original six South Park episodes ordered by Comedy Central before the network committed to a full season. The episode's plot heavily influenced the screenplay of the 1999 feature film adaptation South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, which also involves the parents of South Park protesting Terrance and Phillip. In addition to Terrance and Phillip, the episode introduced recurring characters Grandpa Marsh and Sheila (then known as Carol), Kyle's mother. - The Marsh family celebrates Grampa Marsh's 102nd birthday, but he is tired of living and tries unsuccessfully to commit suicide. He tries to convince Stan to kill him, but Stan refuses because he fears he might get in trouble. Meanwhile, Kyle watches the cartoon Terrance and Phillip, which revolves largely around fart jokes. Kyle's mother gets outraged by the foul language and crude humor, and contacts other South Park parents to organize a boycott at the Cartoon Central headquarters in New York City. Later at school, Stan asks Mr. Garrison, Chef and Jesus whether he should help his grandpa kill himself, but they avoid discussing the issue, much to Stan's anger. - Meanwhile, Kenny suffers from a bout of ""explosive diarrhea"", which spreads to others in the town, including the adults protesting Terrance and Phillip. Despite objecting to the show, the adults themselves laugh and make jokes at their own real-life toilet humor. Carol proclaims that if Cartoon Central does not take the show off the air, the protesters will kill themselves, and they start using a slingshot to send themselves flying into the building. With the adults out of town for the protest, the boys are free to watch Terrance and Phillip at their leisure. Grandpa Marvin continues asking Stan to kill him, and demonstrates how terrible his life is by locking Stan in a room and forcing him to listen to a song in the style of Enya's ""Orinoco Flow"". Now convinced that his life is excruciating, Stan finally agrees to kill his grandpa, and tries to do so by rigging a cow on a pulley and dropping it on him. Just as the boys are about to do it, Death himself arrives, but starts chasing after the boys instead of Grandpa Marvin. - While fleeing, Stan calls his mother, who is too busy protesting Terrance and Phillip to listen to his problems. More than a dozen people have killed themselves against the headquarters building. Eventually, the network agrees to take the show off the air, not because of the deaths but because of the stench of the protesters' explosive diarrhea. Meanwhile, Death continues chasing the boys, but stops in front of a television playing Terrance and Phillip. Death and the boys start laughing together, but after it is taken off the air, Death angrily touches and kills Kenny. Angered, Grandpa Marvin demands that Death kill him, but Death refuses. Death then brings in the spirit of Stan's great-great-grandfather (Marvin's grandfather), who was killed by Marvin when he was Stan's age; the ghost warns Marvin that he must die of natural causes and not place the burden of his suicide on anybody else's shoulders or else he will spend his eternity after death in limbo. - Terrence and Phillip is replaced by the Suzanne Somers show She's the Sheriff which also contains obscenities. Furious about all this, the parents go back to the Cartoon Central network building to protest again. Grandpa Marvin decides to visit Africa, where over 400 people are ""naturally"" eaten by lions every year. The episode ends with the boys laughing, and then laughing harder when Kyle farts. - ""Death"" was written and directed by series co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone. It was the last of the original six South Park episodes ordered by Comedy Central before the network committed to a full season of 13 episodes. Parker long wanted to feature a Grim Reaper-like death character in South Park, as he had enjoyed drawing cartoon images of Death riding on a tricycle since his childhood. This was the inspiration behind a scene in which Death inexplicably rides a tricycle while chasing the South Park boys through the streets.[1] - The subplot of Kenny's diarrhea problems came from a real-life high school experience from Stone, who said students used to offer each other $20 if they would pass a note to the teacher explaining they had ""explosive diarrhea"", like Kenny did in the episode.[2] The image of Kenny sitting on a toilet in ""Death"" became a popular South Park poster.[1] ""Death"" included a consistency error in that Mr. Garrison's classroom had its own separate bathroom, which has never again been seen on the show.[3] During one scene, Cartman moons Kyle while making fun of Kyle's mother. Comedy Central censors forced Parker and Stone to remove the image of Cartman's bare bottom, although such images would be allowed in future episodes.[1] A man named Mr. McCormick was killed in ""Death"" after he was flung via slingshot into the Cartoon Central building. The character's name led many to mistakenly believe it was Kenny's father, Stuart McCormick, but Parker denied this and said the similar character names were just a coincidence.[1] The character appears again very briefly in a later episode, ""Starvin' Marvin"". - During the first few weeks of South Park's run, Parker and Stone received criticism from some commentators and media outlets that the series was little more than flatulence jokes and primitive animation, and thus must be a simple show to produce. ""Death"" was written in response to that criticism. The episode introduced Terrance and Phillip, a comedy duo with a popular cartoon series within the South Park universe, whose show is literally nothing but a series of flatulence jokes, with even cruder animation than South Park itself.[1] - The episode's script parodied parents who voiced strong opposition to South Park, portraying them as so invested in fighting the television program that they fail to pay attention to what is going on in their children's lives. This is illustrated in the episode when Stan calls his mother seeking help because Death is chasing him, only for his mother to ignore him because she is too busy protesting the Terrance and Phillip show.[1][4][5] This is also demonstrated by the line Kyle says, ""I think that parents only get so offended by television because they rely on it as a babysitter and the sole educator of their kids.""[3] - ""Death"" warns against such misplaced values and condemns the practice of censorship, as well as demonstrating there can be value in a show often dismissed as juvenile and immature, like South Park or Terrance and Phillip.[4] The episode also takes the position that parents who blame their children's behavior entirely on television are evading true responsibility for problems that likely have roots elsewhere.[5] The plot of ""Death"" heavily influenced the screenplay Parker and Stone wrote for their 1999 film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut. The plot and theme of both scripts revolve heavily around the parents of South Park protesting Terrance and Phillip due to the perceived negative influence it has over their children. Parker said, ""After about the first year of South Park, Paramount already wanted to make a South Park movie, and we sort of thought this episode would make the best model just because we liked the sort of pointing at ourselves kind of thing.""[1] - ""Death"" also touches upon the issue of euthanasia, and whether it is morally or ethically wrong to commit suicide.[1][6] The episode's script indicates it is wrong for someone wishing to kill oneself to place the burden of that decision on a loved one: in this case, Grandpa Marvin demanding that Stan kill him, without considering how traumatizing an experience it would be for Stan. This is most strongly illustrated at the end of the episode, in which the ghost of Marvin's grandfather (who had Marvin kill him long ago) tells Marvin he must not force Stan to commit such a traumatizing act. Although the ghost tells Grandpa Marvin he must die of ""natural causes"", Marvin nevertheless continues seeking ways to kill himself, but without involving other people. Parker said this reflects his opinion that, ""Basically, it is OK to kill yourself, but you shouldn't ask someone else to do it and put someone else through the trip.""[1] - ""Death"" introduced several characters who would maintain important recurring roles throughout the rest of the series. Among them were Sheila Broflovski and Grandpa Marvin Marsh. Sheila and Gerald Broflovski, Kyle's parents, were named after Stone's parents, although he insists the characters are nothing like his real parents. Marvin Marsh was not based on any real-life person, but Parker and Stone wanted to create a rude and unlikeable grandfather character because they felt most elderly people were portrayed as sweet and lovable on television.[2] Originally, they wanted Marvin Marsh to be known as the ""molesting grandpa"" who kept making sexual comments to Stan and attempting to play inappropriate games with him, but Comedy Central refused to allow it, which Parker said was ""probably the right call"".[1] Terrance and Phillip are loosely based on Parker and Stone themselves, and were also inspired by the Itchy & Scratchy characters from The Simpsons, as well as the protagonists from the MTV cartoon Beavis and Butt-Head. Although ""Death"" marked the first appearance of Terrance and Phillip, Parker said the duo ""took on a life of their own"". They have made frequent appearances throughout the rest of the series, and played a major role in South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut.[1] - The episode refers to Jack Kevorkian, the right-to-die activist best known for his advocacy of physician-assisted suicide, although Kyle mistakenly refers to him as ""Jack Leborkian"". When Terrance and Phillip is cancelled in ""Death"", it is replaced by She's the Sheriff, a sitcom starring actress Suzanne Somers.[3] The Cartoon Central network in ""Death"" is based on a mix between Cartoon Network and Comedy Central, the latter the real-life television network that broadcasts South Park. Cartoon Network was originally a sister channel to Comedy Central, given that Time Warner, Cartoon Network's parent company, co-owned Comedy Central until 2003, when Viacom gained full ownership of Comedy Central. John Warsog, the man who runs Cartoon Central in ""Death"", is based on Doug Herzog, the Comedy Central executive who was responsible for bringing South Park to the network. Herzog was excited to be featured in the episode and enjoyed the portrayal.[2] During one scene, Stan's grandfather locks him in a room and plays music by the Irish vocalist Enya as a form of torture to show Stan what it is like to be his age, and convince Stan to kill him. The parody of Enya's Orinoco Flow used in ""Death"" was sung by Toddy Walters, who played protagonist Polly Pry in Trey Parker's 1996 film, Cannibal! The Musical.[2][7] ""Death"" marked the first appearance of Snacky Cakes, one of Cartman's favorite snack foods.[3] - In the book Leaving Springfield, author William J. Savage, Jr. said the episode ""reveals a fine edged attack on censors and a thoughtful and subtle consideration of issues regarding assisted suicide.""[8] In the book The Deep End of South Park, Anne Gossage complimented the ambition of the episode's themes of censorship and the morality of assisted suicide, which she called ""a great deal of ground to cover in 20 minutes"".[9] Gossage also said the episode shared many of the same characteristics of William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, comparing Stan's contemplation of killing his grandfather to Hamlet's dilemmas after encountering his father's ghost.[6] - ""Death"" was released alongside five other episodes in a three-VHS set on May 5, 1998, marking the first time South Park was made available on video. The episode was released on the ""Volume III"" video along with ""An Elephant Makes Love to a Pig""; other featured episodes included ""Cartman Gets an Anal Probe"", ""Volcano"", ""Weight Gain 4000"", and ""Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride"".[10] ""Death"", along with the other twelve episodes from the first season, was also included in the DVD release ""South Park: The Complete First Season"", which was released on November 12, 2002.[11] Parker and Stone recorded commentary tracks for each episode, but they were not included with the DVDs due to ""standards"" issues with some of the statements; Parker and Stone refused to allow the tracks to be edited and censored, so they were released in a CD separate from the DVDs.[12][13] In 2008, Parker and Stone made ""Death"" and all South Park episodes available to watch for free on the show's official website, ""South Park Studios"".[14] - -",2023-08-26 18:21:01 -2010–11 Colonial Athletic Association men's basketball season - Wikipedia," - The 2010–11 CAA men's basketball season marks the 26th season of Colonial Athletic Association basketball. -",2023-08-26 18:21:05 -The Most Toys - Wikipedia," - ""The Most Toys"" is the 22nd episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 70th episode of the series overall. - Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) is kidnapped by an obsessive collector, who leads the Enterprise crew to believe that Data was destroyed in a shuttlecraft accident. The episode's title references a quote popular in the 1980s, ""Whoever dies with the most toys wins"".[1] - The Enterprise-D is called to assist the colony on planet Beta Agni II with their contaminated water supply. They meet with trader Kivas Fajo (Saul Rubinek) who happens to have the extremely rare compound needed to neutralize the contamination. The volatile substance cannot be beamed aboard, so Lieutenant Commander Data (Brent Spiner) is assigned to make several shuttle trips to collect it. Just before the final trip, Data is kidnapped and his shuttle is rigged to explode. The Enterprise crew believe he is dead and continue their mission to the colony. - Data is reactivated and met by Fajo, who explains he collects rare and valuable objects - like Data himself. Fajo asks Data whether he is capable of killing, and Data states he is not. Data remains defiant against Fajo's attempts to make him an object of display. Only when Fajo threatens to kill his assistant Varria does Data agree to follow Fajo's orders. - The crew mourns the loss of their friend. Picard and Riker select Worf as Data's replacement. Geordi and Wesley note that Data did not follow standard procedures prior to the explosion, suggesting something is amiss. At the contaminated colony, the Enterprise crew discover the contamination had been caused deliberately. They deduce Fajo caused the outbreak and used the cure to lure the Enterprise and Data to him. - Varria helps Data escape, but Fajo is alerted and kills Varria. He threatens to kill more of his assistants if Data doesn't comply with his demands. Data points a disruptor at Fajo and states that he cannot allow this to continue. The Enterprise arrives and suddenly beams Data back aboard. Commander Riker asks why his disruptor was discharging, and Data enigmatically suggests that something may have happened during transport. Fajo is taken into custody, and all his possessions are returned to their rightful owners. - -The episode's title comes from a popular saying found on bumper stickers and T-shirts in the 1980s which read, ""He who dies with the most toys wins.""[2] The quote was originally attributed to flamboyant millionaire Malcolm Forbes.[3] The characters name Kivas Fajo comes from script coordinator Lolita Fatjo, and a mineral mentioned as an item Spock deals in for the episode Errand of Mercy.[4] -Writer Shari Goodhartz was dissatisfied with the ending and wished she had been able to come up with something more clever, finding it a little too convenient. Spiner agreed with Goodhartz that Data purposefully shot Fajo, but the producers wanted it to be kept ambiguous. Goodhartz said ""If I had a chance to do it over, with all the experience I have behind me now, I would argue passionately for Data’s actions and their consequences to have been clearer, and hopefully more provocative.""[5] - -David Rappaport, a well-known British dwarf actor, had originally been cast for the part of Kivas Fajo. Rappaport struggled with depression during his life, and attempted suicide shortly after filming some scenes as Fajo. (Rappaport later died by suicide on 2 May 1990, three days before the airing of this episode). Saul Rubinek was brought in to take over the role and complete the episode. Select scenes with Rappaport were included in a special In Memoriam reel on disc five of the third-season TNG Blu-ray set.[6][7] - -Makeup supervisor Michael Westmore had designed an alien look for Rappaport but when the role was recast there was not enough time to recreate the alien prosthetics for another actor and had to settle for a small face tattoo. Furthermore, Fajo's assistant Varria had a flatted face and antennae that came out of her forehead, that wove into an alien hairdo. Actress Jane Daly did not like wearing the makeup or the elaborate hairdo and when the costume went for approval she convinced Gene Roddenberry to remove the antennae and change the hair style. Westmore said that instead of looking alien they were left with ""a woman with a flat face and an Annette Funicello hairdo"" and compared the look to a car crash victim, and noted that they inserted a line into the script to cover how terrible she looked. Westmore said it was his least favorite episode of all his work on Star Trek.[8] - Famous artwork is heavily featured in this episode, to demonstrate Fajo's taste in what he considers unique and valuable. - Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club gave the episode a grade A−. Handlen wrote that in one way the episode could be considered a variation on the episode The Measure of a Man, but that it stands quite well on its own and that ""subtle character exploration"" of Data gives it its edge.[9] Keith R.A. DeCandido reviewed the episode and gave it 8 out of 10, praising the ambiguous ending, and the performances of Spiner and Rubinek.[4] - In 2014, io9 ranked ""The Most Toys"" as the 95th best episode of Star Trek in their list of the top 100 Star Trek episodes.[10] - In 2021, Robert Vaux writing for Comic Book Resources, said this was a ""strong episode"" in season 3, and that it tested the morality of the crew.[11] - The episode was released with Star Trek: The Next Generation season three DVD box set, released in the United States on July 2, 2002.[12] This had 26 episodes of Season 3 on seven discs, with a Dolby Digital 5.1 audio track.[12] It was released in high-definition Blu-ray in the United States on April 30, 2013.[13] -",2023-08-26 18:21:09 -Robert Elliott (priest) - Wikipedia," - Robert Elliott, D.D. (1658-1735) was an Irish Anglican priest.[1] - Elliott was born in Kilkenny and educated at the Trinity College, Dublin.[2] He was appointed as the Prebendary of Leighlin Cathedral in 1710,[3] the Treasurer of Ferns from 1714 to 1717,[4] and then the Archdeacon of Ferns. He then held both the positions, the dean and the prebend, until his death in 1735.[5] - - This biography of an Irish religious figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:12 -Bilca - Wikipedia,"Bilca (German: Bilka) is a commune located in Suceava County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Bilca. - Bilca wooden church - Bilca wooden church - Bilca wooden church - Bilca Mare - This Suceava County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:17 -Joseph Rue - Wikipedia,"Joseph Rue was a French vice-admiral during World War II. He led a fleet of 10 warships in the shelling of Royan in April 1945.[1][2] - - This biographical article related to the French military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:20 -Moolathurai - Wikipedia," - Moolathurai is a village surrounded by Bhavani River, located near Sirumugai, Coimbatore District. Most of the people living here are engaged in agricultural activities, such as cultivating banana plantations and vegetables. Kora cotton sarees weaved by Kannada speaking hand-loom weavers from this village are very popular and have been recognised by National Awards.[1] - A bus facility is available from Mettupalayam, Sirumugai. Taxi/Auto services are also available from Mettupalayam, Sirumugai and Karamadai. - Pums Moolathurai school was established in 1885 in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu state. Sub Post Office near this area is Sirumugai. The school is approved for Primary, Upper Primary and working under the management of Local Body. The Tamil language is the primary medium of instruction. The school is co-educational i.e. both boys and girls are admitted in an equal manner. - Students from this school are participating in various competition run by television channels, recently the students showcased their talent in Oru varthai oru latcham Junior program which is popular. -[2] - Coimbatore (Manchester of South India) is 50 km by road from Moolathurai. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport which has regular (Air timings) flights from New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Calicut, Chennai, Cochin, Hyderabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Jammu, Pune, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Bahrain, Kuwait, Muscat, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Colombo, Dubai, Doha, Singapore, etc. -Railway station - Mettupalayam railway station is the nearest railway station. Blue mountain or Nilgiri Express, super past train, goes chennai daily. Mettupalayam passenger train connects Coimbatore City junction. -Tourist places - Udagamandalam (Ooty) is located 60 km distant from Moolathurai and can be reached by good bus and train connections. - -",2023-08-26 18:21:24 -Joseph Wilson Sutton - Wikipedia,"The Rev. Joseph Wilson Sutton (June 6, 1881 -- October 23, 1958) was a minister of the Episcopal Church in the United States and the author of several books. - J. Wilson Sutton was born on 6 June 1881 to John C. Sutton and Susan Elizabeth Heighe. After spending his early life in Kent County, Maryland, he graduated from Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland with a B.A. in 1900 and an M.A. in 1904. He was also a graduate of General Theological Seminary in New York City where he obtained a B.Div. in 1905.[1] -A candidate for holy orders from Shrewsbury Church in Kennedyville, Maryland, J. Wilson Sutton was ordained deacon on 4 June 1903 and priest on 6 June 1905 by Bishop William Forbes Adams of the Diocese of Easton. His early ministry was spent as rector of St. James Church in Port Deposit, Maryland from 1905 to 1907 and then as curate at St. Paul's Church (informally known as Old St. Paul's) in Baltimore from 1907 to 1910. He served briefly as headmaster of St. Paul's School.[2] -In 1910 he moved to New York City to be curate at historic Trinity Church on Wall Street. In 1914 he was a student at Oxford University in England. He returned to New York in 1915 to be vicar of Trinity Chapel and remained in New York for the majority of his career. During this time he was also a lecturer at the New York Training School for Deaconesses and at General Theological Seminary.[3] In 1936 he was elected Bishop of Vermont, a calling he declined in order to remain at Trinity. In 1943 he was elected rector of St. Stephen's Church in New York, where he remained until his retirement in 1956. J. Wilson Sutton died on 23 Oct 1958.[4] -J. Wilson Sutton was the author of the books Our Life of Prayer (1938), The Cross, Our Hope (1940), and Peace Through the Cross: Addresses on Our Lord's Words from the Cross (1931). He was one of the three founding members of the American branch of Anglican Society. He also was recipient of the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) from Washington College in 1921 and an honorary Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.) from General Theological Seminary in 1953.[5] - . -",2023-08-26 18:21:27 -Derby Assembly Rooms - Wikipedia," - The Derby Assembly Rooms is a events venue in Derby. It was built in 1977 in the brutalist style.[1][2] - The Assembly Rooms building was designed by Hugh Casson and Neville Conder.[3] It replaced an 18th-century building of the same name that burned down.[4] - The venue has been used by Elton John, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Take That, The Smiths, Tony Bennett, U2, Frankie Laine, the Manic Street Preachers, The Levellers, Brenda Lee and others.[1] - The building has been closed since a 2014 fire in the plant room of an adjacent multi-storey car park damaged the Assembly Rooms' ventilation system.[5] Historic England issued a Certificate of Immunity from Listing in April 2023, guaranteeing that the building would not be statutorily listed within the next five years.[6] -  WikiMiniAtlas52°55′25″N 1°28′35″W / 52.9237°N 1.4764°W / 52.9237; -1.4764 -",2023-08-26 18:21:31 -Jedwin Lester - Wikipedia,"Jedwin Johao Lester Arroyo (born 21 August 2002) is a Costa Rican footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for AD Guanacasteca. - This biographical article related to Costa Rican association football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:34 -Tiszabecs - Wikipedia," - Tiszabecs is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary. - It is located on the eastern edge of the county, next to the Ukrainian border, on the edge of the Satu Mare plain, on the left bank of the river Tisza. It enters the territory of Hungary on the administrative border of the Tisza (at 744.5 km). - It covers an area of 17.14 km2 (7 sq mi) and has a population of 1292 people (2015).[1] - In the name of Tiszabecs, the member Becs is of personal origin, to which the name of the river is attached as a distinctive sign. The name of the village appears in 1181 during the border crossing of the estates of the company monastery. It is referred to as a castrum in 1364, suggesting the existence of a royal castle. Because it was located in an important place, the rulers insisted on it for a long time, so it was not donated to the Becsky family until 1368. The inhabitants of the village were Hungarians in the Middle Ages. - The village suffered a lot from the ordeals of the war. As the first event of Rákóczi's Transylvanian campaign, on July 14, 1703, his armies crossed the Tisza. - It appears on the first military topographic map as Tisza Becse. - In 1864, a flood destroyed much of the village. At the time, the Tisza Vienna was named after the maps of the second military survey. - - This Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:38 -Where Am I Going? - Wikipedia," - Where Am I Going? is the third studio album by singer Dusty Springfield, released on Philips Records in the UK in 1967. By now, firmly established as one of the most popular singers in Britain, with several hits in America as well, Springfield ventured into more varying styles than before and recorded a wide variety of material for this album. Rather than the straightforward pop of A Girl Called Dusty or the mix of pop and soul of Ev'rything's Coming Up Dusty, Springfield recorded a variety of styles from jazz to soul, to pop and even show tunes (the standout title track, from the musical Sweet Charity). While not the success that her previous two albums were, Where Am I Going? was praised by fans and critics alike for showing a mature and sophisticated sensibility, despite the many different styles of music. - At the time of the release Dusty was touring in Australia and then after did some cabaret appearances in the US therefore the album didn't get much promotion in UK. As a consequence the album only peaked at No.40 on the UK albums chart and only lasted 1 week on the chart. - In the United States, the album was released in a quite altered form as The Look of Love, titled after a successful Springfield recording originally only released as a single B-side in Britain. Also included were two other singles — ""Give Me Time"", a U.K. and United States hit, and ""What's It Gonna Be"", a United States hit — not included on Where Am I Going?. The Look of Love also contained the UK single B-side ""Small Town Girl"", not on Where Am I Going?. - Where Am I Going? was released to CD for the first time in the early 1990s. A digitally remastered edition was released in 1998, and included the bonus tracks ""I've Got a Good Thing"", ""Don't Forget About Me"" (a later version appeared on Dusty in Memphis), and ""Time After Time"". - ""Where Am I Going?"" was sampled in the song ""Zenophile"", from the 2004 album Destroy Rock & Roll, by Scottish electronic music artist Mylo. ""I Can't Wait Until I See My Baby's Face"" was sampled in the song ""Nothing Can Stop Us"" from the 1991 album Foxbase Alpha by Saint Etienne. - Side A - Side B - Bonus tracks 1998 CD re-issue -",2023-08-26 18:21:42 -Puccinia bromina - Wikipedia," - Puccinia bromina is a fungus species belonging to the order of Pucciniales and the family Pucciniaceae.[2] It was originally found on Bromus arvensis in Sweden.[3] - It has been found in Canada on soft brome (Bromus hordeaceus L.) in Vancouver, BC.[4] - - This fungal plant disease article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:45 -Velving - Wikipedia," - Velving (French pronunciation: ​[vɛlvɛ̃]; German: Welwingen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. - - This Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:21:49 -Éamon de Valera - Wikipedia," - Éamon de Valera[a][b] (/ˈeɪmən ˌdɛvəˈlɛərə, -ˈlɪər-/, Irish: [ˈeːmˠən̪ˠ dʲɛ ˈwalʲəɾʲə]; first registered as George de Valero; changed some time before 1901 to Edward de Valera;[2] 14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975) was an Irish statesman and political leader. He served several terms as head of government and head of state and had a leading role in introducing the 1937 Constitution of Ireland.[3][4] - De Valera was a commandant of Irish Volunteers at Boland's Mill during the 1916 Easter Rising. He was arrested and sentenced to death, but released for a variety of reasons, including his American citizenship and the public response to the British execution of Rising leaders. He returned to Ireland after being jailed in England and became one of the leading political figures of the War of Independence. After the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, de Valera served as the political leader of Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin until 1926, when he, along with many supporters, left the party to set up Fianna Fáil, a new political party which abandoned the policy of abstentionism from Dáil Éireann. - From there, de Valera went on to be at the forefront of Irish politics until the turn of the 1960s. He took over as president of the Executive Council from W. T. Cosgrave and later became Taoiseach, with the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937. He served as Taoiseach on three different occasions: from 1937 to 1948, from 1951 to 1954, and finally from 1957 to 1959. He remains the longest serving Taoiseach by total days served in the post. He resigned in 1959 upon his election as president of Ireland. By then, he had been Leader of Fianna Fáil for 33 years and he, along with older founding members, began to take a less prominent role relative to newer ministers such as Jack Lynch, Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney. De Valera served as President of Ireland from 1959 to 1973, two full terms in office. - De Valera's political beliefs evolved from militant Irish republicanism to strong social, cultural and fiscal conservatism.[5] He has been characterised as having a stern and unbending, and also devious demeanour. His roles in the Civil War have also been interpreted as making him a divisive figure in Irish history. Biographer Tim Pat Coogan sees his time in power as being characterised by economic and cultural stagnation, while Diarmaid Ferriter argues that the stereotype of de Valera as an austere, cold, and even backward figure was largely manufactured in the 1960s and is misguided.[5] - Éamon de Valera was born on 14 October 1882 in New York City, the son of Catherine Coll, who was originally from Bruree, County Limerick,[6] and Juan Vivion de Valera, described on the birth certificate as a Spanish artist born in 1853. Some researchers have placed his father's place of birth in Cuba,[7] while others have suggested other locations; according to Antonio Rivero Taravillo, he was born in Seville,[8] while Ronan Fanning has him born in the Basque Country.[9] - He was born at the Nursery and Child's Hospital,[10] Lexington Avenue, a home for destitute orphans and abandoned children.[11] His parents were reportedly married on 18 September 1881 at St Patrick's Church in Jersey City, New Jersey, but archivists have not located any marriage certificate or any birth, baptismal, or death certificate information for anyone called Juan Vivion de Valera (nor for ""de Valeros"", an alternative spelling). On de Valera's original birth certificate, his name is given as George de Valero and his father is listed as Vivion de Valero. Although he was known as Edward de Valera before 1901, a fresh birth certificate was issued in 1910, in which his first name was officially changed to Edward and his father's surname given as ""de Valera"".[12][13] As a child, he was known as ""Eddie"" or ""Eddy"".[14] - According to Coll, Juan Vivion died in 1885 leaving Coll and her child in poor circumstances.[15] Éamon was taken to Ireland by his uncle Ned at the age of two. When his mother remarried in the mid-1880s, he was not brought back to live with her, but was reared by his grandmother, Elizabeth Coll, her son Patrick and her daughter Hannie, in Bruree, County Limerick. He was educated locally at Bruree National School, County Limerick and C.B.S. Charleville, County Cork. Aged sixteen, he won a scholarship. He was not successful in enrolling at two colleges in Limerick, but was accepted at Blackrock College, Dublin, at the instigation of his local curate.[16]: 19–20  - He played rugby at Blackrock and Rockwell College, then for Munster around 1905. He remained a lifelong devotee of rugby, attending international matches even towards the end of his life when he was nearly blind.[17] - At the end of his first year at Blackrock College he was student of the year. He also won further scholarships and exhibitions and in 1903 was appointed teacher of mathematics at Rockwell College, County Tipperary.[18] It was here that de Valera was first given the nickname ""Dev"" by a teaching colleague, Tom O'Donnell.[19]: 73  In 1904, he graduated in mathematics from the Royal University of Ireland. He then studied for a year at Trinity College Dublin but, owing to the necessity of earning a living, did not proceed further and returned to teaching, this time at Belvedere College.[19]: 87–90  In 1906, he secured a post as a teacher of mathematics at Carysfort Teachers' Training College for women in Blackrock, Dublin. His applications for professorships in colleges of the National University of Ireland were unsuccessful, but he obtained a part-time appointment at St Patrick's College, Maynooth[20] and also taught mathematics at various Dublin schools, including Castleknock College (1910–1911; under the name Edward de Valera) and Belvedere College.[21] - There were occasions when de Valera seriously contemplated the religious life like his half-brother, Fr. Thomas Wheelwright, but ultimately he did not pursue this vocation. As late as 1906, when he was 24 years old, he approached the President of Clonliffe Seminary in Dublin for advice on his vocation.[22] De Valera was throughout his life portrayed as a deeply religious man, and in death asked to be buried in a religious habit. His biographer, Tim Pat Coogan, speculated that questions surrounding de Valera's legitimacy may have been a deciding factor in his not entering religious life. Being illegitimate would have ordinarily been a bar to receiving priestly orders as a secular priest, but not to becoming a priest or religious in some religious orders.[23] - As a young Gaeilgeoir (Irish speaker), de Valera became an activist for the Irish language. In 1908, he joined the Árdchraobh of Conradh na Gaeilge (the Gaelic League), where he met Sinéad Flanagan, a teacher by profession and four years his senior. They were married on 8 January 1910 at St Paul's Church, Arran Quay, Dublin. - The couple had five sons: Vivion (1910–1982), Éamon (1913–1986), Brian (1915–1936), Rúaidhrí (1916–1978), and Terence (Terry; 1922–2007); and two daughters: Máirín (1912–1984) and Emer (1918–2012). Brian de Valera predeceased his parents. - While he was already involved in the Gaelic revival, de Valera's involvement in the political revolution began on 25 November 1913, when he joined the Irish Volunteers. The organisation was formed to oppose the Ulster Volunteers and ensure the enactment of the Irish Parliamentary Party's Third Home Rule Act won by its leader John Redmond. After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, de Valera rose through the ranks and it was not long before he was elected captain of the Donnybrook branch. Preparations were pushed ahead for an armed revolt, and he was made commandant of the Third Battalion and adjutant of the Dublin Brigade. He took part in the Howth gun-running.[24] He was sworn by Thomas MacDonagh into the oath-bound Irish Republican Brotherhood, which secretly controlled the central executive of the Volunteers. He opposed secret societies, but this was the only way he could be guaranteed full information on plans for the Rising.[16]: 32  - On 24 April 1916, the Easter Rising began. Forces commanded by de Valera occupied Boland's Mill[25] on Grand Canal Street in Dublin. His chief task was to cover the southeastern approaches to the city. After a week of fighting, the order came from Pádraig Pearse to surrender. De Valera was court-martialled, convicted, and sentenced to death, but the sentence was immediately commuted to penal servitude for life. - De Valera was among the few republican leaders the British did not execute.[25] It has been argued that his life was saved by four facts. First, he was one of the last to surrender and he was held in a different prison from other leaders, thus his execution was delayed by practicalities. Second, the US Consulate in Dublin made representations before his trial (i.e., was he actually a United States citizen and if so, how would the United States react to the execution of one of its citizens?) while the full legal situation was clarified.[citation needed] The UK was trying to bring the US into the war in Europe at the time, and the Irish American vote was important in US politics.[25] Third, when Lt-Gen Sir John Maxwell reviewed his case he said, ""Who is he? I haven't heard of him before. I wonder would he be likely to make trouble in the future?"" On being told that de Valera was unimportant, he commuted the court-martial's death sentence to life imprisonment.[26]: 93  De Valera had no Fenian family or personal background and his MI5 file in 1916 was very slim, detailing only his open membership in the Irish Volunteers.[26]: 92  Fourth, by the time de Valera was court-martialled on 8 May, political pressure was being brought to bear on Maxwell to halt the executions; Maxwell had already told British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith that only two more were to be executed, Seán Mac Diarmada and James Connolly, although they were court-martialled the day after de Valera. His late trial, representations made by the American Consulate, his lack of Fenian background and political pressure all combined to save his life, though had he been tried a week earlier he would probably have been shot.[26]: 91–94  - De Valera's supporters and detractors argue about his bravery during the Easter Rising. His supporters claim he showed leadership skills and a capacity for meticulous planning. His detractors claim he suffered a nervous breakdown during the Rising. According to accounts from 1916, de Valera was seen running about, giving conflicting orders, refusing to sleep and on one occasion, having forgotten the password, almost getting himself shot in the dark by his own men. According to one account, de Valera, on being forced to sleep by one subordinate who promised to sit beside him and wake him if he was needed, suddenly woke up, his eyes ""wild"", screaming, ""Set fire to the railway! Set fire to the railway!"" Later in the Ballykinlar internment Camp, one de Valera loyalist approached another internee, a medical doctor, recounted the story, and asked for a medical opinion as to de Valera's condition. He also threatened to sue the doctor, future Fine Gael TD and Minister, Dr. Tom O'Higgins, if he ever repeated the story.[27] The British reportedly, however, considered de Valera's forces the best-trained and best-led among the rebels.[25] De Valera's latest biographer, Anthony J. Jordan, writes of this controversy, ""Whatever happened in Boland's Mills, or any other garrison, does not negate or undermine in any way the extraordinary heroism of ""Dev"" and his comrades"".[16]: 37  - After imprisonment in Dartmoor, Maidstone and Lewes prisons, de Valera and his comrades were released under an amnesty in June 1917. On 10 July 1917, he was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for East Clare (the constituency which he represented until 1959) in a by-election caused by the death of the previous incumbent Willie Redmond, brother of the Irish Party leader John Redmond, who had died fighting in World War I. In the 1918 general election he was elected both for that seat and Mayo East.[28] As an abstentionist de Valera would not have gone to Westminster, but was not able to do so regardless because in early 1918 he was again arrested.[25] - Because most other Irish rebellion leaders were dead, in 1917 de Valera had been elected President of Sinn Féin,[25] the party which had been blamed incorrectly for provoking the Easter Rising.[citation needed] This party became the political vehicle through which the survivors of the Easter Rising channelled their republican ethos and objectives.[29] The previous President of Sinn Féin, Arthur Griffith, had championed an Anglo-Irish dual-monarchy based on the Austro-Hungarian model, with independent legislatures for both Ireland and Britain. - Sinn Féin won a huge majority in the 1918 general election, largely thanks to the British executions of the 1916 leaders, the threat of conscription with the Conscription Crisis of 1918 and the first-past-the-post ballot. They won 73 out of 105 Irish seats, with about 47% of votes cast. 25 seats were uncontested. On 21 January 1919, 27 Sinn Féin MPs (the rest were imprisoned or impaired), calling themselves Teachtaí Dála (TDs), assembled in the Mansion House in Dublin and formed an Irish parliament, known as Dáil Éireann (translatable into English as the Assembly of Ireland). The Ministry of Dáil Éireann was formed, under the leadership of the Príomh Aire (also called President of Dáil Éireann) Cathal Brugha. De Valera had been re-arrested in May 1918 and imprisoned and so could not attend the January session of the Dáil. He escaped from Lincoln Gaol, England in February 1919. As a result, he replaced Brugha as Príomh Aire in the April session of Dáil Éireann.[citation needed] -In the hope of securing international recognition, Seán T. O'Kelly was sent as envoy to Paris to present the Irish case to the Peace Conference convened by the great powers at the end of World War I. When it became clear by May 1919 that this mission could not succeed, de Valera decided to visit the United States. The mission had three objectives: to ask for official recognition of the Irish Republic, to float a loan to finance the work of the Government (and by extension, the Irish Republican Army), and to secure the support of the American people for the republic. His visit lasted from June 1919 to December 1920 and had mixed success, including a visit to Fenway Park in Boston in front of 50,000 supporters.[30] One negative outcome was the splitting of the Irish-American organisations into pro- and anti-de Valera factions.[16]: 63–70  He met the young Harvard-educated leader from Puerto Rico, Pedro Albizu Campos, and forged a lasting and useful alliance with him.[31] It was during this American tour that he recruited his long-serving personal secretary, Kathleen O'Connell, an Irish emigrant who would return to Ireland with him.[32] In October 1919, he visited the University of Notre Dame campus in Indiana, where he planted a tree and also laid a wreath by the statue of William Corby. He toured the university archives and spoke in Washington Hall about the cause of Ireland in front of twelve hundred students.[33][34] De Valera managed to raise $5,500,000 from American supporters, an amount that far exceeded the hopes of the Dáil.[35] Of this, $500,000 was devoted to the American presidential campaign in 1920, helping him gain wider public support there.[36] In 1921, it was said that $1,466,000 had already been spent, and it is unclear when the net balance arrived in Ireland.[37] Recognition was not forthcoming in the international sphere. He also had difficulties with various Irish-American leaders, such as John Devoy and Judge Daniel F. Cohalan, who resented the dominant position he established, preferring to retain their control over Irish affairs in the United States. - While American recognition for the Republic had been his priority, in February 1921, De Valera redirected Patrick McCartan from Washington to Moscow. McCartan was told by Maxim Litvinov, that the opportunity of recognition and assistance had passed. The Soviet priority was a trade agreement with Britain (signed in March). In June the British government (with a view to both domestic and American opinion) published the proposed treaty between the Dáil government and the Soviets, and related correspondence.[38] - Meanwhile, in Ireland, the conflict between the British authorities and the Dáil (which the British declared illegal in September 1919), escalated into the Irish War of Independence. De Valera left day-to-day government, during his eighteen-month absence in the United States, to Michael Collins, his 29-year-old Minister for Finance. De Valera and Collins would later become opponents during the Irish Civil War.[39] - In January 1921, in his first appearance in the Dáil, after his return to a country gripped by the War of Independence, de Valera introduced a motion calling on the IRA to desist from ambushes and other tactics that were allowing the British to successfully portray it as a terrorist group,[40] and to take on the British forces with conventional military methods. This they strongly opposed, and de Valera relented, issuing a statement expressing support for the IRA, and claimed it was fully under the control of the Dáil. He then, along with Cathal Brugha and Austin Stack, brought pressure to bear on Michael Collins to undertake a journey to the United States himself, on the pretext that only he could take up where de Valera had left off. Collins successfully resisted this move and stayed in Ireland. In the elections of May 1921, all candidates in Southern Ireland were returned unopposed, and Sinn Féin secured some seats in Northern Ireland. - Following the Truce of July 1921 that ended the war, de Valera went to see Prime Minister David Lloyd George in London on 14 July. No agreement was reached, and by then the Parliament of Northern Ireland had already met. It became clear that neither a republic, nor independence for all 32 counties, was going to be offered; Lloyd George told de Valera he could ""put a soldier in Ireland for every man, woman and child in it"" if the IRA did not immediately agree to stop fighting.[41] In August 1921, de Valera secured Dáil Éireann approval to change the 1919 Dáil Constitution to upgrade his office from prime minister or chairman of the cabinet to a full President of the Republic. Declaring himself now the Irish equivalent of King George V, he argued that as Irish head of state, in the absence of the British head of state from the negotiations, he too should not attend the peace conference called the Treaty Negotiations (October–December 1921) at which British and Irish government leaders agreed to the effective independence of twenty-six of Ireland's thirty-two counties as the Irish Free State, with Northern Ireland choosing to remain under British sovereignty. It is generally agreed by historians that whatever his motives, it was a mistake for de Valera not to have travelled to London.[16]: 91  - Having effected these changes, a boundary commission came into place to redraw the Irish border. Nationalists expected its report to recommend that largely nationalist areas become part of the Free State, and many hoped this would make Northern Ireland so small it would not be economically viable. A Council of Ireland was also provided in the Treaty as a model for an eventual all-Irish parliament. Hence neither the pro- nor anti-Treaty sides made many complaints about partition in the Treaty Debates. - The Republic's delegates to the Treaty Negotiations were accredited by de Valera and his cabinet as plenipotentiaries (that is, negotiators with the legal authority to sign a treaty without reference back to the cabinet), but were given secret cabinet instructions by de Valera that required them to return to Dublin before signing the Treaty.[42] The Treaty proved controversial in Ireland insofar as it replaced the Republic by a dominion of the British Commonwealth with the King represented by a Governor-General of the Irish Free State. The Irish delegates Arthur Griffith, Robert Barton and Michael Collins supported by Erskine Childers as Secretary-General set up their delegation headquarters at 22 Hans Place in Knightsbridge. It was there, at 11.15 am on 5 December 1921, that the decision was made to recommend the Treaty to Dáil Éireann. The Treaty was finally signed by the delegates after further negotiations which closed at 02:20 on 6 December 1921.[citation needed] - De Valera baulked at the agreement. His opponents claimed that he had refused to join the negotiations because he knew what the outcome would be and did not wish to receive the blame. De Valera claimed that he had not gone to the treaty negotiations because he would be better able to control the extremists at home, and that his absence would allow leverage for the plenipotentiaries to refer back to him and not be pressured into any agreements. Because of the secret instructions given to the plenipotentiaries, he reacted to news of the signing of the Treaty not with anger at its contents (which he refused even to read when offered a newspaper report of its contents), but with anger over the fact that they had not consulted him, their president, before signing. His ideal drafts, presented to a secret session of the Dáil during the Treaty Debates and publicised in January 1922, were ingenious compromises[original research?] but they included dominion status, the Treaty Ports, the fact of partition subject to veto by the parliament in Belfast, and some continuing status for the King as head of the Commonwealth. Ireland's share of the imperial debt was to be paid.[43][failed verification] - After the Treaty was narrowly ratified by 64 to 57, de Valera and a large minority of Sinn Féin TDs left Dáil Éireann. He then resigned and Arthur Griffith was elected President of Dáil Éireann in his place, though respectfully still calling him 'The President'. On a speaking tour of the more republican province of Munster, starting on 17 March 1922, de Valera made controversial speeches at Carrick on Suir, Lismore, Dungarvan and Waterford, saying that: ""If the Treaty were accepted, [by the electorate] the fight for freedom would still go on, and the Irish people, instead of fighting foreign soldiers, will have to fight the Irish soldiers of an Irish government set up by Irishmen."" At Thurles, several days later, he repeated this imagery and added that the IRA: ""..would have to wade through the blood of the soldiers of the Irish Government, and perhaps through that of some members of the Irish Government to get their freedom."" In a letter to the Irish Independent on 23 March de Valera accepted the accuracy of their report of his comment about ""wading"" through blood, but deplored that the newspaper had published it.[44] - De Valera objected to the oath of allegiance to the King that the treaty required Irish parliamentarians to take. He also was concerned that Ireland could not have an independent foreign policy as part of the British Commonwealth when the British retained several naval ports (see Treaty Ports) around Ireland's coast. As a compromise, de Valera proposed ""external association"" with the British Empire, which would leave Ireland's foreign policy in her own hands and a republican constitution with no mention of the British monarch (he proposed this as early as April, well before the negotiations began, under the title ""Document No. 2""). Michael Collins was prepared to accept this formula and the two wings (pro- and anti-Treaty) of Sinn Féin formed a pact to fight the 1922 Irish general election together and form a coalition government afterwards. Collins later called off the pact on the eve of the election. De Valera's opponents won the election and civil war broke out shortly afterwards in late June 1922.[45] - Relations between the new Irish government, which was backed by most of the Dáil and the electorate, and the anti-treatyites, under the nominal leadership of de Valera, now descended into the Irish Civil War (June 1922 to May 1923), in which the pro-treaty Free State forces defeated the anti-treaty IRA. Both sides had wanted to avoid civil war, but fighting broke out over the takeover of the Four Courts in Dublin by anti-treaty members of the IRA. These men were not loyal to de Valera and initially were not even supported by the executive of the anti-treaty IRA. However, Michael Collins was forced to act against them when Winston Churchill threatened to re-occupy the country with British troops unless action was taken. When fighting broke out in Dublin between the Four Courts garrison and the new Free State Army, republicans backed the IRA men in the Four Courts, and civil war broke out. De Valera, though he held no military position, backed the anti-treaty IRA, or irregulars, and said that he was re-enlisting in the IRA as an ordinary volunteer. On 8 September 1922, he met in secret with Richard Mulcahy in Dublin to try to halt the fighting. However, according to de Valera, they ""could not find a basis"" for agreement.[46] - Though nominally head of the anti-treatyites, de Valera had little influence. He does not seem to have been involved in any fighting and had little or no influence with the revolutionary military leadership, headed by IRA Chief of Staff Liam Lynch. De Valera and the anti-treaty TDs formed a ""republican government"" on 25 October 1922 from anti-treaty TDs to ""be temporarily the Supreme Executive of the Republic and the State, until such time as the elected Parliament of the Republic can freely assemble, or the people being rid of external aggression are at liberty to decide freely how they are to be governed"". However, it had no real authority and was a pale shadow of the Dáil government of 1919–21.[citation needed] - In March 1923, de Valera attended the meeting of the IRA Army Executive to decide on the future of the war. He was known to be in favour of a truce but he had no voting rights and it was narrowly decided to continue hostilities.[16]: 131  The leader of the Free State, W. T. Cosgrave, insisted that there could be no acceptance of a surrender without disarming.[47] - On 30 April 1923, the IRA's new Chief of Staff, Frank Aiken (Lynch had been killed), called a ceasefire. This was followed on 24 May by an order for volunteers to ""dump arms"". De Valera, who had wanted an end to the internecine fighting for some time, backed the ceasefire order with a message in which he called the anti-treaty fighters ""the Legion of the Rearguard"", saying that ""The Republic can no longer be successfully defended by your arms. Further sacrifice on your part would now be in vain and the continuance of the struggle in arms unwise in the national interest and prejudicial to the future of our cause. Military victory must be allowed to rest for the moment with those who have destroyed the republic. Other means must be sought to safeguard the nation's right.""[48] - After this point many of the republicans were arrested in Free State round-ups when they had come out of hiding and returned home. De Valera remained in hiding for several months after the ceasefire was declared; however, he emerged in August to stand for election in County Clare. Making a campaign appearance in Ennis on 15 August, de Valera was arrested on the platform and interned at Kilmainham jail. He was moved to Arbour Hill barracks briefly prior to his release on 16 July 1924.[49][50] - After the IRA dumped their arms rather than surrender them or continue a now fruitless war, de Valera returned to political methods. In 1924, he was arrested in Newry for ""illegally entering Northern Ireland"" and held in solitary confinement for a month in Crumlin Road Gaol, Belfast.[51] - During this time, de Valera came to believe that abstentionism was not a workable tactic in the long term. He now believed that a better course would be to try to gain power and turn the Free State from a constitutional monarchy into a republic. He tried to convince Sinn Féin to accept this new line. However, a vote to accept the Free State Constitution (contingent on the abolition of the Oath of Allegiance) narrowly failed. Soon afterwards, de Valera resigned from Sinn Féin and seriously considered leaving politics.[citation needed] - However, one of his colleagues, Seán Lemass, convinced de Valera to found a new republican party.[52] In March 1926, with Lemass, Constance Markievicz and others, de Valera formed a new party, Fianna Fáil (The Warriors of Destiny), a party that was to dominate 20th-century Irish politics.[53] While Sinn Féin still held to an abstentionist line, Fianna Fáil was dedicated to republicanising the Free State from within if it gained power. - Having attracted most of Sinn Féin's branches due to Lemass' organisational skill,[52] the new party made swift electoral gains in the general election on 9 June 1927. In the process, it took much of Sinn Féin's previous support, winning 44 seats to Sinn Féin's five. It refused to take the Oath of Allegiance (portrayed by opponents as an 'Oath of Allegiance to the Crown' but actually an Oath of Allegiance to the Irish Free State with a secondary promise of fidelity to the King in his role in the Treaty settlement).[54] - The oath was largely the work of Collins and based on three sources: British oaths in the dominions, the oath of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and a draft oath prepared by de Valera in his proposed treaty alternative, ""Document No. 2""). De Valera began a legal case to challenge the requirement that members of his party take the Oath, but the assassination of the Vice-President of the Executive Council (deputy prime minister) Kevin O'Higgins on 10 July 1927 led the Executive Council under W. T. Cosgrave to introduce a Bill on 20 July[55] requiring all Dáil candidates to promise on oath that if they were elected they would take the Oath of Allegiance. Forced into a corner, and faced with the option of staying outside politics forever or taking the oath and entering, de Valera and his TDs took the Oath of Allegiance on 12 August 1927, though de Valera himself described the Oath as ""an empty political formula"".[56] - De Valera never organised Fianna Fáil in Northern Ireland and it was not until 7 December 2007 that Fianna Fáil was registered there by the UK Electoral Commission.[57] - In the 1932 general election Fianna Fáil secured 72 seats and became the largest party in the Dáil, although without a majority. Some Fianna Fáil members arrived at the first sitting of the new Dáil carrying arms, amid fears that Cumann na nGaedheal would not voluntarily surrender power. However, the transition was peaceful.[58] De Valera was elected President of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) by the Dáil by a vote of 81–68, with the support of the Labour Party and Independent politicians, and took office on 9 March.[59] - He at once initiated steps to fulfill his election promises to abolish the oath and withhold land annuities owed to the UK for loans provided under the Irish Land Acts and agreed as part of the 1921 Treaty. This launched the Anglo-Irish Trade War when the UK in retaliation imposed economic sanctions against Irish exports. De Valera responded in kind with levies on British imports. The ensuing ""Economic War"" lasted until 1938.[60][61] - After De Valera had urged King George V to dismiss McNeill as Governor-General, the King suggested an alternative course of action: that McNeill, instead, carry on a while longer as viceroy and only then resign, which he did on 1 November 1932. Subsequently, a 1916 veteran, Domhnall Ua Buachalla, was appointed Governor-General. To strengthen his position against the opposition in the Dáil and Seanad, de Valera directed the Governor-General to call a snap election in January 1933 and de Valera's party won 77 seats, giving Fianna Fáil an overall majority. Under de Valera's leadership, Fianna Fáil won further general elections in 1937, 1938, 1943, and 1944.[citation needed] - De Valera took charge of Ireland's foreign policy as well by also acting as Minister for External Affairs. In that capacity, he attended meetings of the League of Nations. He was president of the Council of the League on his first appearance at the league in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1932 and, in a speech that made a worldwide impression, appealed for genuine adherence by its members to the principles of the covenant of the league. In 1934, he supported the admission of the Soviet Union into the league. In September 1938, he was elected nineteenth president of the Assembly of the League,[62] a tribute to the international recognition he had won by his independent stance on world questions.[63] - De Valera's government followed the policy of unilaterally dismantling the treaty of 1921. In this way he would be pursuing republican policies and lessening the popularity of republican violence and the IRA. De Valera encouraged IRA members to join the Irish Defence Forces and the Gardaí. He also refused to dismiss from office those Cumann na nGaedheal, Cosgrave supporters, who had previously opposed him during the Civil War. He did, however, dismiss Eoin O'Duffy from his position as Garda Commissioner after a year. Eoin O'Duffy was then invited to be head of the Army Comrades Association (ACA) formed to protect and promote the welfare of its members, previously led by J.F. O'Higgins, Kevin O'Higgins's brother. This organisation was an obstacle to de Valera's power as it supported Cumann na nGaedheal and provided stewards for their meetings. Cumann na nGaedheal meetings were frequently disrupted by Fianna Fáil supporters following the publication of the article: No Free Speech for Traitors by Peadar O'Donnell, an IRA member.[citation needed] - The ACA changed its name to the National Guard under O'Duffy and adopted the uniform of black berets and blue shirts, using the straight-armed salute, and were nicknamed the Blueshirts. They were outwardly fascist and planned a march in August 1933 through Dublin to commemorate Michael Collins, Kevin O'Higgins, and Arthur Griffith. This march struck parallels with Mussolini's march on Rome (1922), in which he had created the image of having toppled the democratic government in Rome. De Valera revived a military tribunal, which had been set up by the previous administration, to deal with the matter. O'Duffy backed down when the National Guard was declared an illegal organisation and the march was banned. Within a few weeks, O'Duffy's followers merged with Cumann na nGaedhael and the Centre Party to form United Ireland, or Fine Gael, and O'Duffy became its leader. Smaller local marches were scheduled for the following weeks, under different names. Internal dissension set in when the party's TDs distanced themselves from O'Duffy's extreme views, and his movement fell asunder.[64] - Fianna Fáil having won the 1937 election held the same day as the plebiscite that ratified the constitution, de Valera continued as President of the Executive Council until 29 December 1937, when the new constitution was enacted. On that date, de Valera's post automatically became that of Taoiseach which was a considerably more powerful office. Notably, he could advise the President to dismiss Ministers individually – advice that the President was bound to follow by convention. The old Executive Council had to be dissolved and reformed en bloc if its President wanted to remove a Minister. Additionally, he could request a parliamentary dissolution on his own authority. Previously, the right to seek a dissolution was vested with the Council as a whole.[citation needed] - In social policy, de Valera's first period as Taoiseach saw the introduction (in 1947) of means-tested allowances for people suffering from infectious diseases.[65] - With the new constitution in place, de Valera determined that the changed circumstances made swift resolution to Ireland's ongoing trade war with the UK more desirable for both sides—as did the growing probability of the outbreak of war across Europe. In April 1938, de Valera and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signed the Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement, lifting all duties imposed during the previous five years and ending British use of the Treaty Ports it had retained in accordance with the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The return of the ports was of particular significance, since it ensured Irish neutrality during the coming Second World War.[citation needed] - During the 1930s, de Valera systematically stripped the Irish Free State constitution – a constitution originally drafted by a committee under the nominal chairmanship of his rival, Collins – of features tying Ireland to the United Kingdom, limiting its independence and the republican character of its state. De Valera was able to carry out this program of constitutional change by taking advantage of three earlier modifications of constitutional arrangements. First, though the 1922 constitution originally required a public plebiscite for any amendment enacted more than eight years after its passage, the Free State government under W. T. Cosgrave had amended that period to sixteen years. This meant that, until 1938, the Free State constitution could be amended by the simple passage of a Constitutional Amendment Act through the Oireachtas. Secondly, while the Governor-General of the Irish Free State could reserve or deny Royal Assent to any legislation, from 1927, the power to advise the Governor-General to do so no longer rested with the British government in London but with His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State, which meant that, in practice, the Royal Assent was automatically granted to legislation; the government was hardly likely to advise the governor-general to block the enactment of one of its own bills. Thirdly, though in its original theory, the constitution had to be in keeping with the provisions of the Anglo-Irish Treaty as the fundamental law of the state, that requirement had been abrogated a short time before de Valera gained power.[citation needed] - The Oath of Allegiance was abolished, as were appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The opposition-controlled Senate, when it protested and slowed down these measures, was also abolished. In 1931, the British Parliament passed the Statute of Westminster, which established the legislative equal status of the self-governing Dominions of the then British Commonwealth, including the Irish Free State, to one another and the United Kingdom. Though a few constitutional links between the Dominions and the United Kingdom remained, this is often seen as the moment at which the Dominions became fully sovereign states.[citation needed] - De Valera, in his capacity as Prime Minister of His Majesty's Government in the Irish Free State, wrote in July 1936 to King Edward VIII in London indicating that he planned to introduce a new constitution, the central part of which was to be the creation of an office de Valera provisionally intended to call President of Saorstát Éireann (Irish: Uachtarán Shaorstát Éireann), which would replace the Governor-General.[66] De Valera used the sudden abdication of Edward VIII as King to pass two bills: one amended the constitution to remove all mention of the monarch and Governor-General, while the second brought the monarch back, this time through statute law, for use in representing the Irish Free State at a diplomatic level. With the implementation of the Constitution of Ireland (Irish: Bunreacht na hÉireann), the title ultimately given to the president was President of Ireland (Irish: Uachtarán na hÉireann). - The constitution contained reforms and symbols intended to assert Irish sovereignty. These included: - Criticisms of some of the above constitutional reforms include that: - As Paul Bew concludes, in the constitution of 1937 de Valera was ""trying to placate left-wing Republicans with national phrases and pious people with expressly Catholic bits [and] patriarchal Catholicism"".[71] - The Constitution was approved in a plebiscite on 1 July 1937 and came into force on 29 December 1937. - By September 1939, a general European war was imminent. On 2 September, de Valera advised Dáil Éireann that neutrality was the best policy for the country. This policy had overwhelming political and popular support, though some advocated Irish participation in the war on the Allied side, while others, believing that ""England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity"", were pro-German. Strong objections to conscription in the North were voiced by de Valera.[72] In June 1940, to encourage the neutral Irish state to join with the Allies, Winston Churchill indicated to de Valera that the United Kingdom would push for Irish unity, but believing that Churchill could not deliver, de Valera declined the offer.[73][74] The day after the attacks on Pearl Harbor Churchill wired de Valera: ""Now is your chance. Now or never! A nation once again. I will meet you wherever you wish.""[75] The British did not inform the Government of Northern Ireland that they had made the offer to the Irish government, and De Valera's rejection was not publicised until 1970. The government secured wide powers for the duration of the Emergency, such as internment, censorship of the press and correspondence, and the government control of the economy. The Emergency Powers Act lapsed on 2 September 1946, though the State of Emergency declared under the constitution was not lifted until the 1970s.[76][77] This status remained throughout the war, despite pressure from Chamberlain and Churchill. However, de Valera did respond to a request from Northern Ireland for fire tenders to assist in fighting fires following the 1941 Belfast Blitz. - Persistent claims that de Valera sent a personal note of congratulation to Subhas Chandra Bose upon his declaration of the Azad Hind (Free India) government in 1943,[78] have been shown to be inaccurate, and largely a misrepresentation by Japanese consular staff in Dublin of a statement by a small and unofficial Republican group unconnected to the Irish government.[79] - Controversially,[80] de Valera formally offered his condolences to the German ambassador in Dublin on the death of Adolf Hitler in 1945, in accordance with diplomatic protocol.[81] This did some damage to Ireland, particularly in the United States – and soon afterwards de Valera had a bitter exchange of words with Churchill in two famous radio addresses after the end of the war in Europe.[82] De Valera denounced reports of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp as ""anti-national propaganda""; according to Bew, this was not out of disbelief but rather because the Holocaust undermined the main assumption underlying Irish neutrality: moral equivalence between the Allies and the Axis.[83] - The de Valera government was reputedly harsh with Irish Army deserters who had enlisted to fight with the Allied armies against the Axis.[84] The legislation in question was the Emergency Powers (No. 362) order which was passed in August 1945. On 18 October 1945, Thomas F. O'Higgins moved to annul the order.[85] He did not condone desertion, but felt that the order was specifically harsh on those deserters who had served in the Allied forces. General Richard Mulcahy also spoke against the Order, disagreeing with the way in which it applied to enlisted men and not to officers. It was revoked with effect from 1 August 1946,[86] but was in effect continued by section 13 of the Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1946.[87] - After de Valera had spent sixteen years in power without answering the crucial questions of partition and republican status the public demanded a change from Fianna Fáil government. In the 1948 election, de Valera lost the outright majority he had enjoyed since 1933. It initially looked as if the National Labour Party would give Fianna Fáil enough support to stay in office as a minority government, but National Labour insisted on a formal coalition agreement, something de Valera was unwilling to concede. However, while Fianna Fáil was six seats short of a majority, it was still by far the largest party in the Dáil, with 37 more TDs than the next largest party and rival, Fine Gael (the successor to Cumann na nGaedheal). Conventional wisdom held that de Valera would remain Taoiseach with the support of independent deputies. - This belief came to nought when (after the final votes were counted) the other parties realised that if they banded together, they would have only one seat fewer than Fianna Fáil, and would be able to form a government with the support of at least seven independents. The result was the First Inter-Party Government, with John A. Costello of Fine Gael as its compromise candidate for Taoiseach. Costello was duly nominated, consigning de Valera to opposition for the first time in 16 years. The following year, Costello declared Ireland as a republic, leaving partition as the most pressing political issue of the day.[88] - De Valera, now Leader of the Opposition, left the actual parliamentary practice of opposing the government to his deputy, Seán Lemass, and himself embarked on a world campaign to address the issue of partition. He visited the United States, Australia, New Zealand and India, and in the latter country, was the last guest of the Governor-General, Lord Mountbatten of Burma, before he was succeeded by the first Indian-born Governor-General.[89] In Melbourne, Australia, de Valera was feted by the powerful Catholic Archbishop Daniel Mannix, at the centenary celebrations of the diocese of Melbourne. He attended mass-meetings at Xavier College, and addressed the assembled Melbourne Celtic Club.[90] In Brisbane, Australia, at the request of the influential and long serving Archbishop Duhig de Valera laid the foundation stone for the new High School building at Marist Brothers College Rosalie.[91] In October 1950, just thirty years after his dramatic escape from Lincoln Gaol, he returned to Lincoln and received the freedom of the gaol.[92] The Anti-Partition of Ireland League of Great Britain marked the occasion with a dinner in his honour and the toast was 'Anglo-Irish Friendship'.[93] A key message in de Valera's campaign was that Ireland could not join the recently established North Atlantic Treaty Organization as long as Northern Ireland was in British hands; although Costello's government favoured alliance with NATO, de Valera's approach won more widespread support and prevented the state from signing the treaty.[88] - Returning to Ireland during the Mother and Child Scheme crisis that racked the First Inter-Party Government, de Valera kept silent as Leader of the Opposition, preferring to stay aloof from the controversy. That stance helped return de Valera to power in the 1951 general election, but without an overall majority. His and Fianna Fáil's popularity was short-lived, however; his government introduced severe, deflationary budgetary and economic policies in 1952, causing a political backlash that cost Fianna Fáil several seats in the Dáil in by-elections of 1953 and early 1954. Faced with a likely loss of confidence in the Dáil, de Valera instead called an election in May 1954, in which Fianna Fáil was defeated and a Second Inter-Party Government was formed with John A. Costello again as Taoiseach.[94] - On 16 September 1953, de Valera met British Prime Minister Winston Churchill for the first and only time, at 10 Downing Street. (The two men had seen each other at a party in 1949, but without speaking). He surprised the UK Prime Minister by claiming that if he had been in office in 1948 Ireland would not have left the Commonwealth.[95] - It was during this period that de Valera's eyesight began to deteriorate and he was forced to spend several months in the Netherlands, where he had six operations. In 1955, while in opposition, de Valera spoke against the formation of a European Parliament and European federalism, noting that Ireland ""did not strive to get out of that British domination [...] to get into a worse [position]"".[96] - Like the first coalition government, the second lasted only three years. At the general election of 1957, de Valera, then in his seventy-fifth year, won an absolute majority of nine seats, the greatest number he had ever secured. This was the beginning of another sixteen-year period in office for Fianna Fáil. A new economic policy emerged with the First Programme for Economic Expansion. In July 1957, in response to the Border Campaign (IRA), Part II of the Offences Against the State Act was re-activated and he ordered the internment without trial of Republican suspects, an action which did much to end the IRA's campaign.[97] - De Valera's final term as Taoiseach also saw the passage of numerous reforms in health and welfare. In 1952, unemployment insurance was extended to male agricultural employees, child allowances were extended to the second child, and a maternity allowance for insured women was introduced. A year later, eligibility for maternity and child services and public hospital services was extended to approximately 85% of the population.[65] - While Fianna Fáil remained popular among the electorate, 75-year-old de Valera had begun to be seen by the electorate as too old and out of touch to remain as head of government.[98] At the urging of party officials, de Valera decided to retire from government and the Dáil and instead seek the presidency of Ireland. He won the 1959 presidential election on 17 June 1959 and resigned as Taoiseach, Leader of Fianna Fáil and a TD for Clare, six days later, handing over power to Seán Lemass. - De Valera was inaugurated President of Ireland on 25 June 1959.[53] He was re-elected President in 1966 aged 84, which until 2013 was a world record for the oldest elected head of state.[99] At his retirement in 1973 at the age of 90, he was the oldest head of state in the world.[98] - As President of Ireland, de Valera received many state visits, including the 1963 visit of US president John F. Kennedy. Five months later de Valera attended the state funeral for Kennedy in Washington, D.C., and accompanied a group of 24 Defence Forces cadets who performed a silent drill at his grave site.[98] In June 1964, he returned to Washington, D.C., as the second President of Ireland to address the United States Congress.[100] - In 1966, the Dublin Jewish community arranged the planting and dedication of the Éamon de Valera Forest in Israel, near Nazareth, in recognition of his support for Ireland's Jews.[101] - In January 1969, de Valera became the first President to address both houses of the Oireachtas, to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of Dáil Éireann. - In 1969, seventy-three countries sent goodwill messages to NASA for the historic first lunar landing. These messages still rest on the lunar surface. De Valera's message on behalf of Ireland stated, ""May God grant that the skill and courage which have enabled man to alight upon the Moon will enable him, also, to secure peace and happiness upon the Earth and avoid the danger of self-destruction.""[102] - Éamon de Valera died from pneumonia and heart failure in Linden Convalescent Home, Blackrock, Dublin, on 29 August 1975, aged 92.[103] His wife, Sinéad de Valera, four years his senior, had died the previous January, on the eve of their 65th wedding anniversary. His body lay in state at Dublin Castle and was given a full state funeral on 3 September at St Mary's Pro-Cathedral, which was broadcast on national television. Over 200,000 people reportedly lined the three-mile funeral route from Dublin city centre to Glasnevin Cemetery.[104] He is buried in Glasnevin alongside his wife and son Brian. - -De Valera's political creed evolved from militant republicanism to social and cultural conservatism.[5] - Ireland's dominant political personality for many decades, de Valera received numerous honours. He was elected Chancellor of the National University of Ireland in 1921, holding the post until his death. Pope John XXIII bestowed on him the Order of Christ (KSC).[105] He received honorary degrees from universities in Ireland and abroad. In 1968, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS),[4] a recognition of his lifelong interest in mathematics. He also served as a member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland (for Down from 1921 to 1929 and for South Down from 1933 to 1937), although he held to the republican policy of abstentionism and did not take his seat in Stormont. - De Valera was criticised for becoming co-owner of one of Ireland's most influential group of newspapers, Irish Press Newspapers, funded by numerous small investors who received no dividend for decades.[106] De Valera is alleged by critics to have helped keep Ireland under the influence of Catholic conservatism.[107] De Valera rejected, however, demands by organisations like Maria Duce that Roman Catholicism be made the state religion of Ireland, just as he rejected demands by the Irish Christian Front for the Irish Free State to support Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War.[108] - De Valera's preoccupation with his part in history, and his need to explain and justify it, are reflected in innumerable ways. His faith in historians as trustworthy guardians of his reputation was not absolute. He made many attempts to influence their views and to adjust and refine the historical record whenever he felt this portrayed him, his allies or his cause inaccurately or unfavourably to his mind, these could often mean the same thing. He extended these endeavours to encompass the larger Irish public. An important function of his newspaper group, the Irish Press group, was to rectify what he saw as the errors and omissions of a decade in which he had been the subject of largely hostile commentary.[109] In recent decades, his role in Irish history has no longer been unequivocally seen by historians as a positive one, and a biography by Tim Pat Coogan alleges[110][page needed] that his failures outweigh his achievements, with de Valera's reputation declining while that of his great rival in the 1920s, Michael Collins, was rising. A more recent 2007 work on de Valera by historian Diarmaid Ferriter presents a more positive picture of de Valera's legacy.[111] -Bertie Ahern, at a book launch for Diarmaid Ferriter's biography of de Valera,[5][112] described de Valera's achievements in political leadership during the formative years of the state: - One of de Valera's finest hours was his regrouping of the Republican side after defeat in the civil war, and setting his followers on an exclusively peaceful and democratic path, along which he later had to confront both domestic Fascism and the IRA. He became a democratic statesman, not a dictator. He did not purge the civil service of those who had served his predecessors, but made best use of the talent available. A notable failure was his attempt to reverse the provision of the 1937 Constitution in relation to the electoral system. On retiring as Taoiseach in 1959, he proposed that the Proportional Representation system enshrined in that constitution should be replaced. De Valera argued that Proportional Representation had been responsible for the instability that had characterised much of the post war period. A constitutional referendum to ratify this was defeated by the people. One aspect of de Valera's legacy is that since the foundation of the state, a de Valera has nearly always served in Dáil Éireann. Éamon de Valera served until 1959, his son, Vivion de Valera, was also a Teachta Dála (TD). Éamon Ó Cuív, his grandson, is currently a member of the Dáil while his granddaughter, Síle de Valera is a former TD. Both have served in ministries in the Irish Government. - In 1931, de Valera said in the Dáil: ""I believe that every citizen in this country is entitled to his share of public appointments, and that there should not be discrimination on the ground of religion, discrimination, mind you, in the sense that because a person was of a particular religion, religion should not be made an excuse for denying a person an appointment for which he or she was fully qualified. Then there comes the question, what are qualifications? If I thought that the principle that the librarian in a Catholic community should be Catholic was a new principle, introduced merely to deny a Protestant an appointment, I would vote against it, but I know from my youth that it is not so. ... if I had a vote on a local body, and if there were two qualified people who had to deal with a Catholic community, and if one was a Catholic and the other a Protestant, I would unhesitatingly vote for the Catholic. Let us be clear and let us know where we are.""[113][114][115] Ryle Dwyer, writing in 2008, said ""If those were his honest views, one could also say without hesitation that the Long Fellow was a bigot. But, in fact, he was just playing the role of a political hypocrite. It was cynical, but it should be stressed that he behaved responsibly in this regard when he came to power.""[116] - De Valera led Fianna Fáil to adopt conservative social policies, since he believed devoutly that the Catholic church and the family were central to Irish identity. He added clauses to the new Constitution of Ireland (1937) to ""guard with special care the institution of marriage"" and prohibit divorce. His constitution also recognised ""the special position"" of the Catholic Church and recognised other denominations including the Church of Ireland and Jewish congregations, while guaranteeing the religious freedom of all citizens; however, he resisted an attempt to make Roman Catholicism the state religion and his constitution forbids the establishment of a state religion. His policies were welcomed by a largely devout, conservative and rural electorate.[117] The unenforceable articles in the constitution which reinforced the traditional view that a woman's place was in the home further illustrate the direction in which Ireland was moving. An act of 1935 prohibited the importation or sale of contraceptives. The most rigorous censorship laws in western Europe complete the picture.[118] - The specific recognition of Roman Catholicism was deleted by the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (1973) and the prohibition of divorce was removed by the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (1996). Nevertheless, the Irish Supreme Court declared in 1973 that the 1935 contraception legislation was not repugnant to the Constitution and therefore remained valid.[119] Subsequent laws have liberalised the use of contraception however, (see Contraception in the Republic of Ireland). - De Valera's portrait illustrated the front cover of 25 March 1940 issue of TIME magazine[120] accompanying the article EIRE: Prime Minister of Freedom.[121] - He has been portrayed by: - The following governments were led by de Valera: -",2023-08-26 18:21:54 -Shannon Ritch - Wikipedia,"Shannon Grey Ritch[1] (born September 27, 1970) is an American professional mixed martial artist, boxer, grappler, professional wrestler and kickboxer. In mixed martial arts competition he is the former King of the Cage Middleweight Champion and the inaugural BKFC International Heavyweight Champion in bare-knuckle boxing. A professional competitor since 1998, Ritch has competed for M-1 Global, Combate Americas, MFC, Shark Fights, Pancrase, Battlarts, K-1, Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship, PRIDE, Rebel Fighting Championship, New Japan Pro-Wrestling, King of the Cage, Gladiator Challenge, Hart Legacy Wrestling and the WEC. - Ritch was born in Coolidge, Arizona and was raised ""dirt poor"" on a farm in Randolph. Ritch began learning karate from a young age and also competed in high school wrestling before becoming a professional kickboxer beginning as an amateur sometime in 1988. Ritch attended Central Arizona College and Arizona State University. Shannon also had a brief stint enlisted in the US Army with the 4th Infantry Regiment, later ending in 1996 before being employed by the private military organization Blackwater.[2] With Blackwater, he was deployed to Kuwait, Iraq and Afghanistan which served as a launch pad for his training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and later transition to a career in professional mixed martial arts. Shannon started training Brazilian jiu-jitsu in 1996 and received his black belt in 2007 under Dan G. at the Machado Jiu-Jitsu Academy in Dallas, Texas. Ritch still trains military personnel in mixed martial arts and is a mainstay at the Marine Corps Air Station Yuma.[3] At one time Shannon was a bodyguard for United States Congressman John Negroponte while serving as a private contractor under Blackwater.[4] - Ritch made his debut in 1991 at an event in Mexico, but like much of his fighting career this was during a time when sanctioned fights took place under athletic commissions that kept no record of mixed martial arts competitions. Ritch's officially documented professional debut was in 1998. Shannon's full record has over 200 professional MMA fights with 124 wins, 92 losses and 2 draws (4 NC's), some fights going undocumented and dating back as far as 1991, his documented record of fights goes back to 1998 with a record of 58 wins and 89 losses (4 NC's). - Ritch compiled a record of 13-16 (1) with notable wins in the Super Brawl promotion in Hawaii and single night tournaments in Texas before being signed by the PRIDE Fighting Championships in Japan. He made his debut in the organization on October 31, 2000, at PRIDE 11 against the legendary Japanese fighter Kazushi Sakuraba. Ritch lost via achilles lock submission at 1:08 into the fight. - After impressing PRIDE brass with his showmanship, Ritch made his next appearance for the organization at PRIDE The Best Vol. 2 on July 20, 2002, against A-class shootist, Daisuke Nakamura and lost via armbar submission in the first round. - In 2004 Shannon drew interest from Pancrase after his wins over The Ultimate Fighter cast members Ray Elbe and Eddy Ellis that same year, his Pancrase debut would be against PRIDE and UFC veteran Yuki Kondo at Pancrase: Brave 6 in a losing effort. He would later take on professional wrestler and MMA journeyman Hikaru Sato at Pancrase 269, their inaugural event on UFC Fight Pass, in 2015 losing the fight. Despite these loses Ritch maintains a partnership with Pancrase occasionally appearing at the Pancrase Gym in Japan to host training seminars and even appearing in the Pancrase energy drink line. - Ritch holds a record of 2–14 in 16 fights for King of the Cage and despite his record within the promotion he is a former KOTC Middleweight Champion after defeating Canadian veteran Elmer Waterhen via submission in the first round, making his third title defense before dropping the title to Ritch, Shannon later lost the title to Garrett Davis. - In 2018 Shannon took part in an event promoted by former UFC fighter Brad Kohler, taking place in Russia with no audience and no ring or cage. The card featured a main event with a woman taking on a man in a mixed martial arts exhibition fight and the winner supposedly taking a US$1 million purse. Ritch opened the card in a heavyweight bout against professional wrestler Jerry ""J-Rocc"" Mires, making his mixed martial arts debut, Ritch won the fight in the first round after quickly taking Mires down and submitting him with a straight armbar.[5] - On October 5, 2018, Ritch was to fight in the main event of DWF: MMA Mega Showdown in Delaware against professional wrestler Michael Youngblood, who briefly competed for the WWE and held a 1-0 pro record after beginning his mixed martial arts career earlier in the year, for the DWF Heavyweight Championship and co-headlined by former UFC contender Mike Bronzoulis against veteran Marcus Gaines who is also an occasional training partner with Shannon. After the fighters who were set to compete on the card had conducted the pre fight press conference and weigh-ins to promote the event were later informed as the main card was set to begin that the promoters who made an investment for the card to take place did not have enough funds to pay the fighters and staff and that an announcement would be made to the attendance that their tickets would have to be refunded. The promoter behind the DWF organization, Gail Stallings-Minor who purportedly was the first African-American woman to promote a mixed martial arts event, left the venue after learning the fighters had to be told they would not be paid and that state police had arrived. Bellator MMA Women's Flyweight Champion Ilima-Lei Macfarlane, who was cornering a fighter on the card, later described the venue as ""complete chaos"" after watching the promoters rush to flee the scene as police began to enter.[6] - Ritch is scheduled to face fellow mixed martial arts veteran Aaron Brink in the main event of Road to ONE: RUF 44 on October 23, 2021, the event is a cross promotion between RUF and ONE Championship.[7] However, Brink later withdrew from the fight and was replaced by Samson Guerrero. Ritch won by submission via rear-naked choke.[8] - Shannon has found success as a grappler winning multiple NAGA, Grapplers Quest and IBJJF competitions, most recently winning a gold medal in the heavyweight division at the UAEJJF Pro Jiu-Jitsu Championships '17 in Phoenix, Arizona, a gold medal at the Grand Canyon 2017 BJJ Open in the super heavyweight division, 2 gold medals in Gi and No-Gi heavyweight masters division at the SJJIF World Jiu-Jitsu Championship in Long Beach and a silver medal at the '17 Arizona State BJJ Championships. Ritch has notable bouts in submission grappling against Rodrigo Gracie at a NAGA/Gracie Academy hosted event in 2007, Ben Askren at the 2009 FILA USA World's, Ron Keslar at the SJJIF 2017 Worlds, Robert Drysdale black belt and QUINTET competitor Marcelo Nunes at Submission Hunter Pro 22 that ended in a draw and Jeff Monson in a 2016 no-gi bout that took place in Russia. - Ritch began his bare-knuckle boxing career in the mid-1990s competing in an arena known as the Plaza del Toro in Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Ritch currently holds a 26–3 record in bare-knuckle boxing with all of his wins coming by way of knockout, and ranked as the #8 heavyweight bare knuckle fighter in the world as of 2019. In 2016 Shannon was to fight against boxing superstar Bobby Gunn for the coveted Police Gazette Diamond Heavyweight Championship and the winner receiving a $100,000 win bonus, the bout never materialized.[9] - Shannon later had a bare knuckle fight in 2018 for the BKB promotion in the UK against Canadian fighter Jack Draper at BKB 6 hosted at the O2 Arena, losing in the second round after a controversial TKO. - Ritch is set to fight again in bare-knuckle boxing in 2019 for the Bare Knuckle Fighting Championships at BKFC 4 against Omar Molina in Cancun, Mexico, Shannon would go on to win the fight via knockout in 26 seconds of round 1. - Ritch made his pro wrestling debut in October 2001 for the Battlarts promotion against UWFi veteran Daijiro Matsui at the event Battlarts Yuki-Bom-Be-Ye ‘01 losing via pinfall. - In 2003 Ritch was signed to a one year developmental contract with New Japan Pro Wrestling and had one match against Rocky Romero that ended in a double count out after both wrestlers brawled outside the ring past the time limit given by the referee. - Shannon took part in the “Night of Indy’s” battle royal match in 2007 at the WrestleFanFest Malice in the Palace event in Daly City, California, the event was slated to also feature mixed martial arts fights and took place at the Cow Palace a venue known for hosting MMA events.[10] He would go on to win the match after eliminating the final two opponents in the 20-man battle royal, Timothy Thatcher and former WWE Cruiserweight Champion Chavo Classic. - Shannon signed a one match deal with Championship Wrestling from Hollywood in their 2018 event in China to appear on the undercard against Wenbo Liu in a rematch from a 2017 MMA fight, Ritch would go on to lose this match via disqualification after he brought a steel chair into the ring. - In 2020 Shannon announced his return to pro wrestling and that he was signed to appear in a 2-month tour with Canadian promotion HLW. He made his debut in a match against The New Hart Foundation member Kenny Lester on February 20 in Wabasca, Alberta, Canada and won via pinfall after a distraction from Ken Shamrock. - On March 26, 2022, Ritch returned to HLW in their debut live event on FITE TV in Elmira, New York and won the HLW Showdown Championship after defeating TJ Epixx by submission with an ankle lock.[11] - Ritch has been featured in two episodes of Walker, Texas Ranger as a Biker Gang Member and a character named Knight, Choke in 2011 as an extra, CSI Las Vegas as Thug #2, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as Cage Fighter #1, an episode of iCarly as a MMA Fighter, an episode of Numbers in 2010, an episode of Ultimate Soldier Challenge on the History Channel representing a military contracting company and most recently in 2017 the direct to DVD film, directed by Robert Parham and Warren Foster, Bullets, Blades and Blood and upcoming in 2018 No Way Out directed by Jeffrey D. Parker, distributed by New Vision Films. In 2017 Shannon started filming of a biopic centered around his mixed martial arts career, through HBO films, titled The Real Last Samurai and to be released exclusively on HBO in late 2019. In 2021 Shannon will be co-starring alongside Mickey Rourke and Donald Cerrone in The Commando. - Ritch is also an avid golf player, winning 1st place in many state and pro am competitions held within his native Arizona as recent as 2017. Shannon won 2 Veterans Golfing Association 1st place medals in 2018 and again in 2019, the tournament is hosted by the United States Golf Association. - In July 2001, Ritch was invited to compete under Lethwei rules at the ""International Myanmar traditional boxing challenge & Myanmar-Australia talent testing boxing competition"" in Yangon, Myanmar.[12][13] Ritch was matched against the Burmese fighter Ei Htee Kaw. Ritch started the fight strong and forced his opponent to be defensive. At one point, Ei Htee Kaw turned away and raised his knee in defence, pointing his knee forward. Ritch struck himself on Ei Htee Kaw's knee unintentionally, driving it directly into his solar plexus. Ritch went down immediately without Ei Htee Kaw throwing a shot.[14] He couldn't breathe and the fight was over.[15] -",2023-08-26 18:21:57 -Yoshimura Chōgi (prince) - Wikipedia,"Yoshimura Wōji Chōgi (義村 王子 朝宜, 12 August 1763 – 29 August 1821[1]), also known by his Chinese style name Shō Shū (尚 周), was a prince of Ryukyu Kingdom.[2] - Prince Yoshimura was the third son of King Shō Boku. He was also a half-brother of Crown Prince Shō Tetsu and Prince Urasoe Chōō, and a full-brother of Prince Ginowan Chōshō.[1] - He was given Katsuren magiri (勝連間切, modern part of Uruma) as his hereditary fief in 1771. He was bestowed the title ""Prince Yoshimura"" instead of ""Prince Katsuren"" because the character ""勝"" (katsu, means ""victory"") was not allowed to use in name. Prince Yoshimura established a new royal family: Yoshimura Udun (義村御殿). - Prince Yoshimura served as sessei from 1798 to 1802.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:22:00 -"Howell County, Missouri - Wikipedia"," - Howell County is in southern Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,750.[1] The largest city and county seat is West Plains.[2] The county was officially organized on March 2, 1851, and is named after Josiah Howell, a pioneer settler in the Howell Valley. - Howell County comprises the West Plains, MO, Micropolitan Statistical Area. - Howell County was organized on March 2, 1857, from Oregon County, and is named for Josiah Howell, who made the first settlement in Howell Valley. - The first circuit court met in a log cabin one mile east of West Plains, according to an 1876 account. A small, wooden courthouse was built on the square in West Plains in 1859. It was damaged during the Civil War in 1862. The county was reorganized three years later, but all of the county records were destroyed in an 1866 fire. A second courthouse was built in West Plains in 1869. It was a small, three-room, frame building, about 24 by 30 feet. - According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 928 square miles (2,400 km2), of which 927 square miles (2,400 km2) is land and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2) (0.1%) is water.[3] It is the third-largest county in Missouri by land area and fourth-largest by total area. - As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 37,238 people, 14,762 households, and 10,613 families residing in the county. The population density was 40 people per square mile (15 people/km2). There were 16,340 housing units at an average density of 18 units per square mile (6.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.41% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 0.97% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.28% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Approximately 1.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among the major first ancestries reported in Howell County were 28.3% American, 16.4% German, 12.2% Irish, and 12.1% English. - There were 14,762 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.94. - In the county, the population consisted of 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males. - The median income for a household in the county was $31,761, and the median income for a family was $38,047. Males had a median income of $22,960 versus $16,968 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,184. About 14.00% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over. - According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2000), Howell County is a part of the Bible Belt with evangelical Protestantism being the majority religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Howell County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (47.70%), Churches of Christ (8.81%), and Roman Catholics (6.99%). - Of adults 25 years of age and older in Howell County, 73.4% possesses a high school diploma or higher while 10.9% holds a bachelor's degree or higher as their highest educational attainment. - The Republican Party predominantly controls politics at the local level in Howell County. Republicans hold all elected positions in the county. District 2 (Southern) Commissioner Billy Sexton took office as a Democrat but announced in 2014 he was changing parties and sought re-election as a Republican.[14] - In the Missouri House of Representatives, Howell County is divided into two legislative districts, both of which are represented by Republicans. - All of Howell County is a part of Missouri's 33rd District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Mike Cunningham of Rogersville. - Missouri's two U.S. Senators are Claire McCaskill of Kirkwood and Roy Blunt of Strafford. - All of Howell County is included in Missouri's 8th Congressional District and is currently represented by Jason T. Smith of Salem in the U.S. House of Representatives. Smith won a special election on Tuesday, June 4, 2013, to complete the remaining term of former U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson of Cape Girardeau. Emerson announced her resignation a month after being reelected with over 70 percent of the vote in the district. She resigned to become CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative. - Howell County is, like several rural counties located in the Ozarks, conservative and strongly Republican at the presidential level. Bill Clinton of neighboring Arkansas was the last Democratic presidential nominee to win Howell County in 1992; he lost the county during his 1996 reelection bid and since then, voters in Howell County have decisively backed Republicans. Controversy occurred during the course of the 2008 presidential campaign over a billboard displayed near West Plains that depicted a picture of then-Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama in a turban. Some were offended by the billboard and deemed it racist.[16] - Like most rural areas throughout Southeast Missouri, voters in Howell County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman—it overwhelmingly won in Howell County with 83.36 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent of support from voters. In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state—it failed in Howell County with 57.97 percent voting against the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research. Despite Howell County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancing populist causes like increasing the minimum wage. In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $6.50 an hour—it passed Howell County with 67.79 percent of the vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 78.99 percent voting in favor. (During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.) - In the 2008 Missouri Presidential Primary, voters in Howell County from both political parties supported candidates who finished in second place in the state at large and nationally. Former Governor Mike Huckabee (R-Arkansas) received more votes, a total of 2,882, than any candidate from either party in Howell County during the 2008 Missouri Presidential Preference Primary. -  WikiMiniAtlas36°46′N 91°53′W / 36.77°N 91.89°W / 36.77; -91.89 -",2023-08-26 18:22:04 -Retractable pen - Wikipedia,"A retractable pen is a type of ink pen that has a spring-loaded ink cartridge which retracts and extends outside a protective housing. By clicking downward on the top of the pen, the tip is extended and locks in place at the bottom of the housing for use. - -The retractable pen was first invented and patented in 1888 by John J. Loud. However, the design was seen as imperfect and the retractable pen would not be marketed until sixty years later. Lazlo Biro and his brother Gyorgy Biro solved the technical problems of the first ball point by using thicker ink and an easier way to store it. This resulted in the use of capillary action which slowly pulled the ink out of the pen and onto the paper. The brothers sold their pen only in Europe. Milton Reynolds, an American entrepreneur, changed the design to a gravity feed and it became successful in the US market.[1] The Frawley Pen Company, founded in 1949 by Patrick J. Frawley, claims to have made the ""first pen with a retractable ballpoint tip"" in 1950.[2][3] A click pen comprises the frame, a thruster, two cams, a guide pin, a spring, an ink cartridge of your choice a ballpoint at the end of the cartridge, and other parts. The guide pin is typically molded into the frame and the spring provides the tension required to retract the ink cartridge. The cams provide a bistable system where in one position the ink cartridge is retracted and in the other it is extended. When the button at the end of the pen is pressed, the system moves from one position to the other. This causes the ballpoint tip to be pushed forward.[4] - Pen clicking is repeated pressing of the button which produces a clicking sound.[5] Normally, the button is only pressed to expose the nib of the pen for writing. The resultant noise varies in tone, dynamic and timbre depending on the size and make of the pen. When the noise is heard repeatedly, it can have a psychological effect on the doer or anyone in earshot. The action can be either conscious or subconscious and is often associated with boredom, inattentiveness,[6] thinking, hiding something, or nervousness. It has been described as a nervous habit – a form of fidgeting.[7] It can also be described as a ""distracting activity that releases nervous energy"".[8] Clicking a pen can be a type of stimming behavior, but is unique in that ""a person can do in public without drawing much attention to themselves,"" whereas some other similar behaviors are not socially acceptable.[9] - Some people find it hard to concentrate when others are pen-clicking, and so the action may be considered a pet peeve. Pen clicking can also be a trigger of misophonia. -",2023-08-26 18:22:07 -EastCare - Wikipedia,"ECU Health EastCare is the critical care mobile air and ground transport of ECU Health at ECU Health Medical Center. It serves 31 counties in Eastern North Carolina.[1][2] It is sponsored by ECU Health Medical Center and The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University. ECU Medical Center is the only level 1 trauma center east of Raleigh.[3] EastCare's five full-time air ambulances constitute the largest air medical program in North Carolina and can serve a radius of 230 nautical miles (430 km; 260 mi) around Greenville without refueling.[4] - Joanna Adams is the current Medical Director for ECU Health EastCare and Trey Labrecque is the Program Director.[4][5] - ECU Health EastCare can be dispatched for a number of causes, including: trauma, burn, neonatal, high risk pregnancy, hyperbaric medicine, stroke and myocardial infarction.[6] ECU Health EastCare is most often sent for cardiac patients, followed by trauma, pediatric and neonatal patients.[7] EastCare boasts an excellent safety record. It's only major mishap occurred on January 8, 1987. - In January 2012, Vidant Medical Transport changed its name from EastCare as part of a system wide renaming initiative. In October 2014, Vidant Medical Transport became Vidant EastCare. In May 2022, Vidant EastCare became ECU Health EastCare. - On December 18, 1984, the PCMH Board of Trustees budgeted $754,119 to set up a helicopter ambulance service.[8] EastCare was established by PCMH on April 8, 1985.[9] On June 30, 1985, an open house was held to usher in the new ambulance service.[8] - EastCare helped ECU Health Medical Center become a level 1 trauma center in November 1985.[8] It expanded to critical care ground transport in August 1994.[10] By 2000, ECU Health Medical Center adds a second helicopter to their fleet. Also, ECU Health Medical Center began the construction of a new emergency department. The four-story emergency department has a two-helicopter rooftop landing pad which was complete in November 2003. In 2009, the ground ambulances went on more than 10,000 trips.[11] - On September 16, 1999, Hurricane Floyd made landfall in North Carolina.[12] The Tar River, which runs through Greenville, suffered the worst flooding, exceeding 500-year flood levels along its lower stretches; it crested 24 feet (7.3 m) above flood stage.[13] Damages in Pitt County alone were estimated at $1.6 billion (1999 USD, $1.87 billion 2006 USD).[14] - ECU Health Medical Center turned into a landing zone for helicopters landing and departing. VMC at the time owned one helicopter. EastCare flew 102 missions from landfall to ten days later. The first mission occurred on the afternoon of landfall. EastCare transported a woman who had been rescued Pinetops from her rooftop who was nearing labor.[15] The situation far exceeded VMC's aerial capability. Mission St. Joseph's Health System in Asheville sent one helicopter for two days, the STAT MedEvac sent one helicopter and two teams for six days and Rocky Mountain Helicopters / Air Methods, the company that operated EastCare's helicopters at the time, sent one helicopter for two days. Many military helicopters from the North Carolina Air National Guard were used to help rescue survivors and bring them to the hospital.[15] At the height of the aftermath there were as many as thirty helicopter missions each day, more than ten times the rate normally. A few days after the storm hit, the staff was fatigued and was replaced. It became ECU Health EastCare's job to fly and pick up staff who work at the hospital. ECU Health EastCare also transported patients and supplies to and from the hospital.[16] - EastCare's dedicated communications center, callsign ""E-Comm,"" receives, prioritizes, and directs requests for service for both ground and air units. The communication center is located on the top floor of ECU Medical Center emergency department tower, overlooking the helipad, and is staffed 24/7/365 by specially trained emergency communicators/dispatchers, .[17][18] Primary communications are via 800 MHz radio utilizing the VIPER network maintained by the North Carolina Department of Public Safety. - Additionally, EastCare's aircrews receive pre-flight and enroute support from a dedicated Operational Control Center provided by the aviation operator, Metro Aviation's . Connected to the aircraft by real-time satellite voice and data communications, OCC provides complementary flight following, aviation weather forecasting, and maintenance support during all phases of operation. - ECU Health EastCare maintains five aviation bases in Bertie, Nash, Craven, Wayne, and Onslow counties. Its helicopters may transport patients directly from the scene of an injury or may be used to transfer patients between medical facilities. The aircraft complete around 3,500 transports per year, with the average one-way flight being 45 minutes.[10] EastCare's total helicopter fleet consists of four Airbus/Eurocopter EC-145 (N485EC, N854EC, N816EC, N918EC) and three EC-135 (N135EC, N640EC, and N641EC). Individual aircraft are assigned to a primary base but may be rotated based on operational requirements. Metro Aviation, Inc., based in Shreveport, LA., is the aviation operator and FAA Part 135 certificate holder, providing pilots and maintenance technicians. Approximately 80% of EastCare's pilots are U.S. military-trained, with extensive combat experience. All pilots must meet CAMTS standards, requiring qualifications well above the industry average. - EastCare maintains two spare aircraft and conducts heavy maintenance from a dedicated facility at Washington-Warren Airport (KOCW) in Beaufort County. - ECU Health EastCare began critical care ground transport in 1994. The ambulances include two neonatal transfer ambulances and ten type-I ambulances. There are also twenty four ambulances for advanced and basic life support. The ground transport vehicles are primary stationed either in Greenville or at one of the bases. The other stations are Bertie County, Duplin County, Nash County, Onslow County and Pitt County.[18] - In addition to an upper landing pad on the roof of ECU Medical Center emergency department that is used for patient transfers, EastCare also maintains a full-service heliport on the ECU Health main campus. Located at  WikiMiniAtlas35°36′31″N 077°24′26″W / 35.60861°N 77.40722°W / 35.60861; -77.40722 its FAA LID is NC91. Commonly referred to as the lower pad, the full service aviation facility consists of a 100 x 100 foot main helipad and two smaller parking pads. Hot/cold refuel, maintenance, and crew rest facilities for EastCare aircraft and aircrews are located on site. EastCare helicopters will commonly drop off their patients and medical crew on the upper pad then transition to the lower pad to await their next call. Both upper and lower pads are for exclusive use of EastCare-assigned and other authorized air medical aircraft, all other use requires prior permission. With approximately 9000 yearly operations, the EastCare heliport is one of the busiest civil heliports in the United States. - In 1993, it was the first program east of the Mississippi River and fifth overall to be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems. By 1996, it was the first program to be re-accredited and the first to be accredited for critical-care ground transport.[19] In 2000, it was selected as the Program of the Year by the Association of Air Medical Services. It received the Helicopter World/Air Ambulance Search and Rescue 2001 Award for its work during Hurricane Floyd.[10] - An EastCare air/ground crew and communications specialist garnered the 2022 MedEvac Transport of the Year Award by the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS) for their transport the life-saving measures they provided to swimmer following a boating accident. The team, composed of Steve Bonn (pilot), Henry Gerber (EMT), Milando Stancill (EMT), Leigh Ann Creech (communication technician), Jessica Rispoli (flight nurse), and John vonRosenberg (flight paramedic) saved the life of a young athlete who was pulled into a boat propeller by a ski rope. - EastCare boasts an impressive safety record, with only a single notable safety event throughout hundreds of thousands of flight hours flown. - On January 8, 1987, EastCare's Bell 206L LongRanger helicopter was dispatched to the Naval Hospital at Camp Lejeune for a pediatric transport. Following pickup of the patient, the crew reported an in-flight fire via mayday. A United States Marine Corps search and rescue from Air Station New River was launched and discovered the downed aircraft in the Hoffman Forest, near Pollocksville, Jones County at approximately around 9:40 pm. Pilot Perry L. Reynolds, flight nurses Mike McGinnis and Pam Demaree, and the patient perished in the tragedy. - A memorial monument at EastCare's main heliport commemorates the dedication and sacrifice of the crew. -",2023-08-26 18:22:12 -"Tanbar County, Queensland - Wikipedia"," - Tanbar County, Queensland is a cadastral division of Queensland and a County of the South Gregory District of far western Queensland. - The county came into existence on 8 March 1901, when the Governor of Queensland issued a proclamation legally dividing Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897.[1] -Like all counties in Queensland, it is a non-functional administrative unit, that is used mainly for the purpose of registering land titles. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.[2] - The center of local government for the County is Jundah, Queensland to the north, the only town of the county is Windorah, Queensland and the postcode is 4481. -The county is named for the Tanbar Billabong. -",2023-08-26 18:22:15 -"Cathedral of Saint George, Prizren - Wikipedia"," - Cathedral of Saint George in Prizren (Serbian: Саборни храм Светог Ђорђа у Призрену; Albanian: Katedrala e Shën Gjergjit në Prizren) is the Cathedral church of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Raška and Prizren, located in the town of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built from 1856 to 1887, near the Old Church of Saint George, previous cathedral church of the same eparchy.[2] The cathedral was burned and severely damaged by Albanian mobs during the 2004 unrest, but was later renovated. - Modern Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George in Prizren was built in the second half of the 19th century, during the Ottoman rule in the region. Initiative for the creation of a new cathedral church was launched during the first half of the 19th century, and only after long negotiations with Ottoman authorities final permission was obtained in 1855, and foundation was laid in 1856.[3] Up to that point, minor Old Church of Saint George served as a temporary cathedral church of the Eparchy of Raška and Prizren,[4] since Ottoman authorities previously took over the ancient medieval Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God (Bogorodica Ljeviška) in Prizren, and turned it into a mosque.[5] Local leaders of Eastern Orthodox Christians knew that ancient cathedral will not be returned to them as long as Prizren is under Ottoman rule, and therefore decided to build a new cathedral. Foundations were laid in 1856, but construction was completed in 1887. Prolonged construction was caused by constant financial and administrative difficulties.[6] - After the consecration of the new cathedral in 1887, additional efforts were undertaken in order to complete the internal inventory and decoration of the church. Significant acquisitions were made during the tenure of metropolitan Dionisije Petrović of Raška and Prizren (1896-1900),[7] and his successor, metropolitan Nićifor Perić (1901-1911).[8] Both of them were Serbian Orthodox hierarchs, appointed by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. - Major turning point in the history of the Cathedral occurred at the beginning of the First Balkan War (1912—1913). In the autumn of 1912, Prizren was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia. In the spring of 1913, rector of the Serbian Orthodox Seminary of Prizren, protopresbyter Stevan Dimitrijević was appointed as administrator of the Eparchy. Under the Treaty of London (1913), Albanian-majority Prizren was officially annexed to Serbia. During the First World War (1914-1918), the region was occupied by the armies of the Central Powers from the end of 1915 up to the autumn of 1918. After the liberation in 1918, new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) was created, and included all territories of Serbia.[9] After the Serbian Patriarchate was renewed in 1920, Eparchy of Raška and Prizren was returned to the jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Church, and the Cathedral of Saint George in Prizren was confirmed as the official cathedral church of the Eparchy. - In 1941, Kingdom of Yugoslavia was attacked and occupied by Nazi Germany and its allies.[10] The central parts of the Eparchy of Raška and Prizren, including the city of Prizren, were occupied by Italians.[11] Formally, Italian occupation zone was annexed to Fascist Albania. That marked the beginning of mass persecution of some ethnic groups in Prizren, and other annexed regions of Metohija (Dukagjini) and central Kosovo.[12] During that period, many Serbian churches of the Eparchy of Raška were looted and destroyed by the Italian army,.[13] - After the Kosovo War (1999), territory of Kosovo including Prizren, was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. During the unrest of 2004, Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George in Prizren was looted and set on fire by local Muslim extremists.[14] Only after many difficulties, the cathedral was gradually restored during next few years. On 26 December 2010, newly elected Serbian Orthodox bishop Teodosije Šibalić was enthroned in the restored cathedral in Prizren, by the Serbian Patriarch Irinej.[15] In July 2012, the cathedral was visited by Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary-General of the United Nations.[16] In March 2016, British royal delegation, led by Charles, Prince of Wales, also visited the cathedral.[17] - -",2023-08-26 18:22:20 -"Narasingapuram, Salem - Wikipedia"," - Narasingapuram is a Municipality in Attur taluk, Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 23,084. - According to 2011 census, Narasingapuram had a population of 23,084 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[1] A total of 2,230 were under the age of six, constituting 1,122 males and 1,108 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 21.05% and .98% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 74.58%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[1] The town had a total of : 6230 households. There were a total of 9,587 workers, comprising 1,545 cultivators, 2,095 main agricultural labourers, 163 in house hold industries, 5,379 other workers, 405 marginal workers, 7 marginal cultivators, 99 marginal agricultural labourers, 21 marginal workers in household industries and 278 other marginal workers.[2] As per the religious census of 2011, Narasingapuram (M) had 93.96% Hindus, 3.76% Muslims, 2.14% Christians, 0.1% Sikhs, 0.0% Buddhists, 0.0% Jains, 0.04% following other religions and 0.0% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[3] -  WikiMiniAtlas11°35′53″N 78°34′30″E / 11.59806°N 78.57500°E / 11.59806; 78.57500 - This article related to a location in Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:22:23 -Evgeniy Goncharov - Wikipedia,"Evgeny Goncharov (born August 3, 1986) is a Russian mixed martial artist who competes in the Heavyweight division of the Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA), where he is the current ACA Heavyweight Champion. In July 2023, Goncharov reached #15 in World Heavyweight rankings according to Fight Matrix.[2] - Evgeny Viktorovich is a native of the village of Krivyanskaya, located in the Rostov region. From an early age, the boy began to get involved in football, spending a lot of time on the field with friends and watching all the matches on TV. However, all this did not become something more than an ordinary hobby, and throughout all the school years, Goncharov did not stand out from the rest with sports success. Moreover, the “troika” in physical education was quite normal for him.[3][4] - But after graduation, the guy dramatically changed his attitude to physical activity and joined the martial arts, starting to engage in army hand-to-hand combat. In a fairly short time, Evgeny began to show good results, which allowed him to start performing amateurs in several combat disciplines. Active immersion in the world of martial arts did not prevent higher education. First of all, the young man went to study as a lawyer, but in the future he also entered the Polytechnic University in Novocherkassk, where he mastered the profession of “Trainer-teacher”. In parallel with his studies, Evgeny actively competed at various levels. As a result, Goncharov managed to win the titles of the champion in kickboxing, ARB, universal combat, and also prove himself in freestyle wrestling and boxing. With such a set of skills, Goncharov was destined to get into mixed martial arts.[3][4] - Goncharov began his career as a professional MMA fighter in 2013, debuting at the TKFC Black Sea Open Cup 3 tournament where he defeated Denis Yezuta by split decision. He faced a setback two weeks later at the Black Sea Open Cup 5, losing by knockout to Ayub Khatuev. Between 2014 and 2017, Goncharov competed in 9 fights across various organizations including ProFC and M-1, experiencing only one loss. His significant success came with the WFCA, where he debuted in September 2017 at the WFCA 42 tournament, defeating Igor Slesarchuk. Following two more victories against Alexei Stoyan and Brandon Cash, Goncharov became a contender for the heavyweight belt. At the WFCA 50 tournament, he secured the title by decisively knocking out Zelimkhan Umiyev.[5][3] - After WFCA merged with ACB to form ACA, Goncharov transitioned to the new organization. He fought for the title against Tony Johnson Jr. at ACA 96, but the match was halted due to an accidental eye poke.[6] - In a rematch against Tony Johnson Jr. at ACA 97, Goncharov won unanimously, becoming the ACA Heavyweight Champion. In his first title defence, he took on Mukhumat Vakhaev at ACA 104, Goncharov was much more active during the first two rounds and successfully interrupted his opponent in the standing position. The public observed the same picture in the 3rd round, but Vakhaev decided to go the other way, delivering several illegal blows to the back of the opponent's head. Eugene later said that after these blows, he began to feel weakened and could not fight normally, resulting in him losing in the third round via guillotine submission.[7] - In October 2020, at RCC 9, Goncharov won unanimously against Anton Vyazigin.[8] He returned to ACA in 2021 and knocked out Daniel Omielańczuk in the third round at ACA 128.[9] - In September 2022, during the co-main event of the ACA 145 tournament, Russian heavyweight Evgeny Goncharov faced off once again Tony Johnson Jr. Goncharov managed to knock Johnson down with a powerful left hook to the head in the first round, leading to a TKO victory for Goncharov.[10] - Goncharov later participated in a rematch with Muhumat Vakhaev at the ACA 150 tournament. Despite a competitive first half, Goncharov accelerated his pace and increased his punch volume by the third round. While there was a moment where Goncharov seemed close to an early victory, fatigue set in, and the fighters slowed down. The fight went to the final gong, with all five judges unanimously scoring the winner 29–28 in Goncharov's favor.[11] - Finally, Goncharov fought against champion Alikhan Vakhaev in the Quarterfinal of the 2023 ACA Heavyweight Grand Prix at ACA 154. Goncharov began the fight energetically, throwing hand combinations, but Vakhaev controlled the distance and didn't receive any significant hits. In the second round, Vakhaev knocked down Goncharov and attempted to finish on the ground, but Goncharov defended himself and launched his own attack. The pace of the fight slowed in the third and fourth rounds, with the fighters exchanging blows in a standing position, with Goncharov showing more activity. The final period was largely uneventful and took place in the clinch near the net. After five rounds, Goncharov won the fight with scores of 49–46, 48–47, 48–47, 48–47, and 48–47, making him the new ACA Heavyweight Champion.[12] - [13] -",2023-08-26 18:22:26 -Ulten - Wikipedia,"Ulten (German pronunciation: [ˈʊltn̩]; Italian: Ultimo [ˈultimo]) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Bolzano. - The shield is party per pale of argent; the first part shows half Tyrolean eagle; the second part is tierced per fess of sable and argent. It is the arms of the Counts of Eschenlch and the Tyrolean eagle represents the membership to the Tirol. The emblem was granted in 1967.[3] - According to the 2011 census, 99.40% of the population speak German, 0.53% Italian and 0.07% Ladin as first language.[4] - Media related to Ulten at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 18:22:31 -2017 Gosford state by-election - Wikipedia," - Kathy Smith -Labor - Liesl Tesch -Labor - A by-election was held in the state electoral district of Gosford on 8 April 2017. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Kathy Smith (Labor) due to ill health.[1] It was held on the same day as the North Shore and Manly state by-elections. - The candidates in ballot paper order were as follows:[2] -",2023-08-26 18:22:34 -Steven Warner - Wikipedia,"Steven Warner is a visual effects supervisor. He is best known for his work on blockbuster feature film projects such as Saving Private Ryan (1998), Gladiator (2000), Defiance (2008), and The Martian (2015). - In 2016, Steven Warner was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards for his work on the film The Martian in the category for Best Visual Effects. His nomination was shared with Anders Langlands, Chris Lawrence, and Richard Stammers.[1] - - This biographical article related to film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:22:38 -Loyd Wainscott - Wikipedia,"Loyd Dale Wainscott (October 26, 1946 – December 5, 2010) was an American football linebacker. He played for the Houston Oilers from 1969 to 1970.[1][2] - He died on December 5, 2010, in Spring, Texas at age 64.[3] - This biographical article relating to an American football linebacker born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:22:41 -Grib diamond mine - Wikipedia,"The Grib mine is one of the largest diamond mines in Russia and in the world. The Grib diamond pipe is named in honor of Vladimir Grib, a post-graduate member of the exploration team, led by Andrei Vasilievich Sinitsyn, who died prior to the mine's discovery. The mine is located in the north-western part of the country in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The mine has estimated reserves of 98.5 million carats of diamonds and an annual production capacity of 3.62 million carats.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas65°30′26″N 41°25′24″E / 65.5072°N 41.4233°E / 65.5072; 41.4233 -",2023-08-26 18:22:44 -FC Neman Grodno - Wikipedia,"FC Neman Grodno (Belarusian: ФК Нёман Гродна, FK Nioman Hrodna; Russian: ФК Неман Гродно) is a Belarusian football club based in the city of Grodno, named after the Neman River and was founded in 1964. Since 1992, the team has participated in the highest division of Belarusian football league system. - Since 1964, the team was playing in the third tier of the Soviet football system almost constantly, excluding two seasons (1968 and 1969) spent in the second tier. Since 1992, Neman plays in the Belarusian Premier League. In 1993, they won the Belarusian Cup. The most successful years for the team were in the early 2000s, when they finished fourth twice in a row before finishing second in 2002 after losing the first place play-off against BATE Borisov. - As of August 2023[2] - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. - As of match played 17 August 2023 -",2023-08-26 18:22:47 -Pensacola High School - Wikipedia," - Pensacola High School is a secondary school located near downtown Pensacola, Florida, United States. - The school celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2001 and graduated its 100th class of seniors in 2005; however, the school has not always been at its current location. It was moved to Maxwell Street in 1952. In 1969, a fire gutted the previous school building on Lee Square, prompting its demolition. Currently, it is the oldest secondary school in Pensacola. - The school is part of the Escambia County School District. A former principal, Norm Ross, is the deputy superintendent of schools for the county. Currently, the principal is David Williams, a former NBA player[4] who previously served as Assistant Principal of Grounds and Maintenance. - After Hurricane Ivan, which struck the Pensacola area on September 16, 2004, Pensacola High School was damaged. While large renovations were needed, the school remained open and in operation. The gymnasium, which had only recently been remodeled, was demolished in June 2005. The auditorium was rebuilt in the spring of 2007, and the gymnasium was rebuilt in time for the 2008–2009 school year. - The first public school for boys in Pensacola was organized in 1870. A two-story building on Wright Street was erected by the School Board in 1875. It was known as the Pensacola Academy and its principal was John Wilmer. In 1886, a new building was erected on Lee Square, known as Public School No. 1. Its first graduating class consisted of Albert Reed and J. Whiting Hyer. - In 1905, Pensacola Senior High School was organized in the Public School No. 1 building. The school was a four-year high school, and its first principal was J. B. Lockey. PHS's first graduating class consisted of Dudley Barrow and Nell Richards.[1] - Pensacola High School is also recognized as having Florida's oldest high school football program, girls basketball program, and school yearbook. - Pensacola High School is the only school in Escambia County to have an International Baccalaureate program. It is an application-based program, typically accepting applications in the fall of a student's 8th, 9th, or 10th grade year. - The International Baccalaureate program was introduced in 1986 and has been a well recognized program since. IB is a university-preparatory program and is designed to prepare students for admission to and success at prestigious universities. - IB program students must complete rigorous, college-level curriculum in addition to a Community Action Service project, an extended essay, and various other academic and social requirements in order to receive their IB diploma. - PHS IB is the only school in Northwest Florida with National Merit Commended Scholars, Semi-Finalists, and Finalists every year for the past 21 years. In addition, 15 students have been accepted into MIT in the last 16 years. At least one student every year has been accepted into a top Ivy League School - PHS IB is the only school in the county that offers: - PHS is consistently ranked one of the top most challenging schools -[5] - Most of Pensacola's historic North Hill community, sections of East Hill community, downtown Pensacola and towards Naval Air Station Pensacola, and Pensacola Beach are zoned for Pensacola High School. - Pensacola High School also serves students throughout Northwest Florida through magnet programs and career academies: -International Baccaleaurate Program, -Scholar's Program, -English Language Learner Program, -Academy for Health Professions, -Advanced Manufacturing Academy, -Early Childhood Education Academy, -Law and Public Service Academy, -Sports Medicine Academy, and Culinary Arts Academy -[6] - Even though Pensacola Beach is zoned to Pensacola High School,[7] most high-school students in Pensacola Beach attend Gulf Breeze High School, operated by Santa Rosa County School District.[8] - In the news magazine Newsweek's published list of America's Top Public High Schools, Pensacola High School ranked as follows: - 2003 - #188[9] -2005 - #8[10] -2006 - #38[11] -2007 - #38[12] -2008 - #42[13] -2009 - #54[14] - 2010 - #22[15] - 2016 - The Washington Post named Pensacola High School in the top 10% of the hardest schools in America, ranking it number 35 out of several thousand.[16] - PHS currently features several extracurricular activities that compete in Escambia County, and across the state: -  WikiMiniAtlas30°26′03″N 87°13′29″W / 30.434288°N 87.224784°W / 30.434288; -87.224784 -",2023-08-26 18:22:52 -Persea caerulea - Wikipedia," - Persea caerulea is an evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to North and South America.[1] - - This Laurales-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:22:56 -This Is My Heart - Wikipedia,"This Is My Heart is the first full-length studio album released in 2008 by alternative metal band Since October. It is the first full-length to be released on Tooth & Nail Records. They have released a music video for their songs: ""Disaster"" and ""Guilty."" Guilty reached number 21 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart. ""Disaster"" placed on the X 2009 Christian Rock Hits compilation as a bonus track. -",2023-08-26 18:23:01 -ObjectRocket - Wikipedia," - ObjectRocket is a cloud database (DBaaS) company based in Austin, Texas, USA, specializing in NoSQL datastores including MongoDB, Elasticsearch, Redis.[1] ObjectRocket has ""designed and managed systems that power some of the busiest sites on the web, and played key founding development roles at companies like Shutterfly, PayPal, eBay and AOL"".[2] In 2013, it was acquired by Rackspace.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:23:04 -Rambin - Wikipedia,"Rambin is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. - Media related to Rambin at Wikimedia Commons - - This Vorpommern-Rügen district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:23:09 -Frank Pietrzok - Wikipedia,"Frank Pietrzok (20 June 1964 – 3 February 2022) was a German politician. - A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, he served in the Bürgerschaft of Bremen from 1999 to 2005. He died in a paragliding accident at La Unión, Colombia, on 3 February 2022, at the age of 57.[1] - - This article about a German politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:23:13 -Xavi Simons - Wikipedia," - Xavier Quentin Shay Simons (born 21 April 2003) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or right winger for Bundesliga club RB Leipzig, on loan from Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain, and for the Netherlands national team. - Originally a product of Barcelona's La Masia, he signed for Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) in July 2019, where he would initially join the under-19s before making his professional debut in February 2021. With PSG, Simons won a Ligue 1 title and a Coupe de France. In 2022, he returned to the Netherlands with PSV, winning the KNVB Cup, Johan Cruyff Shield, and Eredivisie top scorer award in his only season at the club. He returned to PSG in 2023, and was immediately loaned out to RB Leipzig. - Initially playing for the Netherlands at youth level, Simons made his senior debut for the national team at the 2022 FIFA World Cup, reaching the quarter-finals. - Born in Amsterdam, Xavi is the son of Dutch former footballer Regillio Simons, who is of Surinamese descent.[3][4] Xavi's older brother Faustino (born 1996), who also played football, shares the same birthday.[5] - Simons joined the youth setup of Barcelona in 2010 from Club Deportivo Thader of Alicante,[6] and quickly progressed to become one of the Spanish club's most highly rated youth players, with English club Chelsea, as well as Real Madrid, reportedly attempting to sign him at a young age.[7][8] - In July 2019, Simons moved to French side Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), having failed to agree a new contract with Barcelona.[9][10] His three-year contract with the Parisian club was reportedly worth up to €1 million annually.[11][12] On 10 February 2021, Simons made his professional debut for PSG, coming on as a substitute for Julian Draxler in a 1–0 Coupe de France win over Caen.[13][14] He made his Ligue 1 debut as a substitute in a 4–1 win over Strasbourg two months later.[15] On 19 May 2021, he won his first professional trophy, the Coupe de France.[16] - Ahead of the 2021–22 season, Simons was included in the first-team preparation and pre-season by manager Mauricio Pochettino.[17] On 14 July 2021, he came off the bench and scored a goal in a 4–0 friendly win over Le Mans at the Camp des Loges.[18] He scored another goal in a 2–2 friendly draw against Chambly three days later at the same ground.[19] On 18 August, Simons was sent back to train with the under-19 squad coached by Zoumana Camara.[20] He eventually made his first appearance of the season for PSG in a 3–0 cup win over Feignies Aulnoye on 19 December, his first ever professional start.[21] On 3 January 2022, Simons recorded his first senior assist in a 4–0 cup win over Vannes, a pass for Kylian Mbappé.[22] His first league appearance of the 2021–22 season came in a 1–1 away draw to Lyon on 9 January, where he came on as a 69th minute substitute.[23] On 31 January, Simons missed the final penalty in a 6–5 penalty shoot-out defeat to Nice in the round of 16 of the Coupe de France.[24] On 11 February, he made his first league start in a 1–0 win over Rennes at the Parc des Princes.[25] At the end of the season, Simons won the Ligue 1 title, his first professional league title.[26] - On 28 June 2022, Simons signed for Eredivisie club PSV on a five-year contract.[27] Although he was initially expected to extend his contract with PSG and join PSV on loan,[28] the situation changed when PSV no longer wanted a loan deal.[29] However, PSG negotiated a €6 million buy-back clause in Simons's contract, effective in 2023.[30][31] - Simons scored his first career goal in his PSV debut, a 5–3 win over rivals Ajax in the Johan Cruyff Shield on 30 July 2022.[32] On 7 August, in his first Eredivisie game, he provided an assist for Johan Bakayoko, who opened the scoring in a 4–1 victory against newly-promoted Emmen.[33] Simons made his European debut with PSV in the UEFA Champions League qualifiers, and scored his first European goal in a 5–1 UEFA Europa League group stage victory away to Zürich on 6 October.[34] In the 2023 KNVB Cup final, he provided the assist for Thorgan Hazard's goal as PSV came out victorious over Ajax on penalties.[35] In the final match of the 2022–23 Eredivisie season on 28 May 2023, Simons scored a brace, including a stoppage-time winner, in a 2–1 victory over AZ, securing second place for PSV and a spot in the Champions League qualifiers for the following season.[36][37] With nineteen goals, he shared the Eredivisie top scorer award with Anastasios Douvikas of Utrecht.[38] Simons finished the club season with twenty-two goals and twelve assists in forty-eight games across all competitions, and won two Player of the Month awards in August 2022 and March 2023.[39] - On 16 July 2023, it was announced by PSV that Simons had departed the club's training camp in order to finalize a transfer back to Paris Saint-Germain.[40] - On 19 July 2023, Simons returned to Paris Saint-Germain, signing a four-year contract after the club triggered a reported €6 million buy-back clause in his PSV contract, where Simons had the final say on his return.[41][42] - Immediately after being signed back by Paris Saint-Germain, Simons was loaned out to Bundesliga club RB Leipzig for the 2023–24 season.[43][44] He was assigned the number 20 jersey.[42] On 12 August 2023, he made his debut for the club in a 3–0 win over Bayern Munich in the 2023 DFL-Supercup.[45] - Simons has represented the Netherlands at under-15, under-16, under-17, and under-19 and under-21 levels.[3] - On 21 October 2022, Simons joined the pre-selection of the Dutch national team for the first time in his career. A few weeks later, he was eventually called up for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar by head coach Louis van Gaal.[46][47] On 3 December, Simons made his Netherlands and World Cup debut in a 3–1 win over the United States in the round of 16.[48] - In March 2020, Simons was named on Goal's ""NxGn 2020"" list of 50 best wonderkids in world football.[49] He was also included in The Guardian's ""Next Generation 2020"" in October.[50] Simons has amassed a large following on social media platform Instagram, with over four million followers. He had over two million followers by 2019, at the age of 16.[51] - At the age of 13, Simons had his first advertising contract with Nike. He switched to Adidas in 2021,[52] before joining Puma in 2023.[53] - Paris Saint-Germain - PSV - RB Leipzig - Individual -",2023-08-26 18:23:16 -The Age of Magic - Wikipedia,"The Age of Magic is a 2014 novel by Nigerian writer Ben Okri.[1][2][3][4][5] It won the Bad Sex in Fiction Award in 2014.[6][7] - - This article about a Nigerian novel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page. This article about a postcolonial novel of the 2010s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.",2023-08-26 18:23:19 -Düsseldorf-Garath - Wikipedia,"Garath (German pronunciation: [ˈga:ʁaːt]) is a suburb of Düsseldorf, Germany, south of the city centre and part of Borough 10. It has an area of 3.26 km2 (1.26 sq mi),[1] and 19,048 inhabitants (2020).[2] - Garath adjoins the Düsseldorf suburbs of Urdenbach to the north-west , Benrath to the north and Hellerhof to the south. To the east lies Hilden a town in Mettmann district and to the southwest is Monheim am Rhein, part of Langenfeld. - Garath is named after Schloss Garath, a manor house that traces its history back to the 9th century. The oldest known record of Garath's existence is in a contract from 1271 witnessed by Bruno von Ganderode, the lord of Garath. For several centuries Garath consisted of little beyond the manor house and associated buildings. - On 23 May 1929 Garath became a part of Benrath. On 31 July 1929 Benrath, including Garath, was declared part of Düsseldorf. - In the mid-1950s the Düsseldorf local authority initiated a building programme to provide 8,000 homes south of Benrath. The first residents moved into finished flats in 1963. - Several high-rise blocks of flats were built in Garath in the 1970s as low-cost accommodation. This has led to southern parts of Garath having a higher than average proportion of lower income, immigrant and unemployed residents.[3] - Garath has a direct connection to the autobahns A 59 and A 46. It has its own S-Bahn station. A highway connects Garath to central Düsseldorf. - St Matthai - Schloss Garath - Düsseldorf-Garath station - -  WikiMiniAtlas51°08′48″N 6°53′41″E / 51.14667°N 6.89472°E / 51.14667; 6.89472 -",2023-08-26 18:23:23 -Loudes - Wikipedia," - Loudes (French pronunciation: ​[lud]) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France. - - This Haute-Loire geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:23:28 -Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone - Wikipedia,"""Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone"" is a song published in 1930. It was written by Sam H. Stept with lyrics by Sidney Clare. The original publication also credited singer Bee Palmer as co-composer.[1] - The lyrics are an admonishment between parting lovers, where the singer asks the other to either speak nicely of her, or not at all.[2] - Early hit versions in 1931 were by Gene Austin and Bert Lown.[3] - - This pop standards-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:23:32 -Djenahro Nunumete - Wikipedia," - Djenahro Nunumete (born 28 January 2002) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Eredivisie club SC Heerenveen.[1] - Nunumete is of Indonesia descent, via his father with roots in Molucca.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:23:35 -Cynthia Lee Fontaine - Wikipedia," - Cynthia Lee Fontaine is the stage name of Carlos Díaz Hernández,[1] a Puerto Rican drag performer and reality television personality from Austin, Texas, best known for competing on the eighth and ninth seasons of RuPaul's Drag Race. She won the title of Miss Congeniality on season 8. - Hernández was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico as the oldest child of Maria Hernandez.[1][2] He has a degree in clinical psychology and worked in the mental health field for six years before starting drag.[3] Hernández began doing drag in Puerto Rico in 2006, and moved to Killeen, Texas in 2008, where he started performing at Oil Can Harry's. He moved to Austin in 2011 and continued performing.[1] - Fontaine competed on the eighth season of RuPaul's Drag Race, which premiered on March 7, 2016. During the show, she frequently referred to her ""cucu"", meaning buttocks, which became a part of the show's slang.[1] Entertainment Weekly said ""cucu"" has evolved ""into the queer pop cultural canon"".[4] Fontaine was the third queen eliminated, garnering a 10th-place finish. Even though she was only on the show for three episodes, Fontaine was voted Miss Congeniality by the fans, giving her the distinction of being voted Miss Congeniality while having spent the least amount of time on the show compared to other award recipients.[3] - -Fontaine was invited back for RuPaul's Drag Race season 9 as the surprise 14th queen.[5] The show premiered on March 24, 2017. In episode six, Fontaine portrayed Sofia Vergara for Snatch Game, an impersonation that was not received well by the judges.[6] The A.V. Club wrote ""Cynthia Lee Fontaine’s Sofia Vergara is the big disaster of this ""Snatch Game,"" and even without the largely incomprehensible dialogue, it's a failure on a visual level.""[7] Fontaine ended up securing once again the 10th-place finish, being sent home in a lipsync challenge against Peppermint.[8] In an interview with Vulture, Fontaine said: It was probably my time, you know? I'm a fighter. I may have been a little bit concerned about the challenges and all this stuff, but I respect the panel of judges and RuPaul. I got so much from season nine, so no regrets.[9] The Houston Chronicle, lamenting her short run on the show in season 8, stated Fontaine was ""like a bilingual Tammie Brown"", referencing another queen from season 1 of the show.[6] Denver Pride called her ""a fixture of the Austin drag scene"".[10] Fontaine is a regular guest at the RuPaul's Drag Cons. She appeared at RuPaul's DragCon LA 2016 and 2017,[11][12] and at RuPaul's DragCon NYC in 2017 and 2019.[13][14] - In November 2017, Fontaine participated in Queens United/Reinas Unidas, a benefit show organized by Phi Phi O'Hara in support of Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria. The show raised over $80,000. Fontaine stated, ""Puerto Rico, you are part of our heart in the United States of America. I'm Puerto Rican. I love you from the bottom of my heart, and you've got our support.""[15] In September 2018, Fontaine became the third drag queen ever hosted at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Previous drag queens performed there in 2012 and 2015. The event, hosted by the Latin American Student Organization, included a performance and interview, which ""touched on themes of family, health and getting out of one's comfort zone.""[16] On her YouTube channel, Fontaine has two shows: CuCu Confessions and Memoirs of My CuCu.[3] She also headlines a one-woman show called Cynthia Lee Fontaine: More Intimate CuCu Confessions, which she performs around the United States.[17] - Fontaine released her first single ""Pegajosa"" in November 2018.[18] Writing for World of Wonder, James St. James called the song ""fabulous"" and the accompanying music video ""ultra-fabuloso"".[19] - Fontaine was diagnosed with stage 1 liver cancer in 2015, two weeks after filming the third episode of the eighth season of Drag Race.[20] He stated during the filming of the show he lost 47 pounds.[21] After four rounds of chemotherapy, he went into remission.[21] He also revealed on the show that he almost performed at Pulse nightclub the night of the Orlando shooting in 2016.[22] He stated, ""we never expect that a tragedy like this would happen in our community. We thought we'd finally built a safe space.""[23] - The City of Austin was set to proclaim March 26, 2020, as Cynthia Lee Fontaine Day, but had to postpone because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas.[24] -",2023-08-26 18:23:38 -Gyárfás - Wikipedia,"Gyárfás is a Hungarian surname. Some known people bearing this name are: -",2023-08-26 18:23:41 -"Spas, Kalush Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast - Wikipedia"," - Spas (Ukrainian: Спас) is a village in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine, located in Kalush Raion. It is the administrative centre of Spas rural hromada. Its population is 1,820 (as of 2023[update]).[1] - The village of Spas was first mentioned in 1469.[2] Two wooden churches were built in the village in the 18th century, one of which (the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, built in 1752) has survived to the present day.[3] In 1939, according to Volodymyr Kubijovyč, the village had a population of 2,750; 2,650 of these people were Ukrainians, 40 were Polish people, 40 were Jews, and the remaining 20 were Germans and of other ethnicities.[4] A monument to five Ukrainian Insurgent Army soldiers who were killed in the village was erected in 2019.[5] - -",2023-08-26 18:23:45 -Octreotide scan - Wikipedia,"An octreotide scan is a type of SPECT scintigraphy used to find carcinoid, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and to localize sarcoidosis. It is also called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Octreotide, a drug similar to somatostatin, is radiolabeled with indium-111,[1] and is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream. The radioactive octreotide attaches to tumor cells that have receptors for somatostatin (i.e. gastrinoma, glucagonoma, etc.). A gamma camera detects the radioactive octreotide, and makes pictures showing where the tumor cells are in the body, typically by a SPECT technique. A technetium-99m based radiopharmaceutical kit is also available.[2][3] - Octreotide scanning is reported to have a sensitivity between 75% and 100% for detecting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.[4] - Instead of gamma-emitting 111In, certain octreotide derivatives such as edotreotide (DOTATOC) or DOTATATE are able to be linked by chelation to positron-emitting isotopes such as gallium-68 and copper-64 which in turn can be evaluated with more precise (compared with SPECT) scanning techniques such as PET-CT. Thus, the octreotide scan is now being replaced in most centers with gallium-68 DOTATATE and copper-64 DOTATATE scans. Somatostatin receptor imaging can now be performed with positron emission tomography (PET) which offers higher resolution and more rapid imaging.[5] - An octreotide scan may be used to locate suspected primary neuroendocrine tumours (NET) or for follow-up or staging after treatment.[6][7][8] - Where indicated, octreotide scanning for NET tumors is being increasingly replaced by gallium-68 DOTA and copper-64 DOTATATE scans.[9] - The indium-111 pentetreotide radiopharmaceutical is prepared from a kit in a radiopharmacy. Pentetreotide is a DTPA conjugate of octreotide.[6][11] - Approximately 200 megabecquerels (MBq) of indium-111 is injected intravenously. Imaging takes place 24 hours after injection, but may also be carried out at 4 and 48 hours.[7][12] - The 99mTc product is supplied as a kit with two vials, one containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA) and the other the HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide chelator and somatostatin analog.[13] Approximately 400-700 MBq may be administered, with imaging at 2, 4, and occasionally 24 hours post administration.[14] 99mTc based octreotide imaging shows slightly higher sensitivity than 111In.[2][15] -  This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms. U.S. National Cancer Institute. -",2023-08-26 18:23:48 -Penrhyn Castle - Wikipedia," - Penrhyn Castle (Welsh: Castell Penrhyn) is a country house in Llandygai, Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales, constructed in the style of a Norman castle. The Penrhyn estate was founded by Ednyfed Fychan. In the 15th century his descendent Gwilym ap Griffith built a fortified manor house on the site. In the 18th century, the Penrhyn estate came into the possession of Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn, in part from his father, a Liverpool merchant, and in part from his wife, Ann Susannah Pennant née Warburton, the daughter of an army officer. Pennant derived great wealth from his ownership of slave plantations in the West Indies and was a strong opponent of attempts to abolish the slave trade. His wealth was used in part for the development of the slate mining industry on Pennant's Caernarfonshire estates, and also for development of Penrhyn Castle. In the 1780s Pennant commissioned Samuel Wyatt to undertake a reconstruction of the medieval house. - On Pennant's death in 1808, the Penrhyn estate was inherited by his second cousin, George Hay Dawkins, who adopted the surname Dawkins-Pennant. From 1822 to 1837 Dawkins-Pennant engaged the architect Thomas Hopper who rebuilt the house in the form of a Neo-Norman castle. Dawkins-Pennant, who sat as Member of Parliament for Newark and New Romney, followed his cousin as a long-standing opponent of emancipation, serving on the West India Committee, a group of parliamentarians opposed to the abolition of slavery, on which Richard Pennant had served as chairman. Dawkins-Pennant received significant compensation when, in 1833, emancipation of slaves in the British Empire was eventually achieved, through the passing of the Slavery Abolition Act. - In 1840, the Penrhyn estate passed to Edward Gordon Douglas, through his marriage to Dawkins-Pennant's elder daughter, Juliana. Douglas, who assumed the name Douglas-Pennant, was elevated to the peerage as 1st Baron Penrhyn of the second creation in 1866. He, and his son and heir, George Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn, continued the development of their slate interests at Penrhyn Quarry, and of the supporting infrastructure throughout North-West Wales. Firmly opposed to trade unionism at their quarries, their tenure saw bitter strikes over union recognition and workers' rights, culminating in the Great Strike of 1900–1903, the longest dispute in British industrial history. Little development took place at the castle, which was not the family's principal residence and was mainly used as a holiday home in the summer months, but the interior was enhanced by Edward Douglas-Pennant's creation of a major collection of paintings. These provided the setting for entertaining guests, who included Queen Victoria, her son the Prince of Wales and William Gladstone. The castle passed from the family to the National Trust via the National Land Fund in 1951. - Penrhyn Castle is a Grade I listed building, recognised as Thomas Hopper's finest work. Built in the Romanesque Revival style, it is considered one of the most important country houses in Wales and as among the best of the Revivalist castles in Britain. Its art collection, including works by Palma Vecchio and Canaletto is of international importance. In the 21st century, the National Trust's attempts to explore the links between their properties and colonialism and historic slavery have seen the castle feature in the ensuing culture wars. - In the 15th century, the Penrhyn estate was the centre of a large landholding developed by Gwilym ap Griffith. The land had originally been granted to his ancestor Ednyfed Fychan, Seneschal to Llywelyn the Great.[1] Despite losing his lands temporarily during the Glyndŵr Rising, ap Griffith regained them by 1406 and began the construction of a fortified manor house and adjoining chapel at Penrhyn, which became his family's main home.[1] - The fortunes of the Pennant family were begun in the late-17th century by a former soldier, Gifford Pennant. Settling in Jamaica, he built up one of the largest estates on the island, eventually comprising four or five slave plantations for the cultivation of sugar cane. His son, Edward, rose to become Chief Justice of Jamaica and by the beginning of the late 18th century the family had accumulated sufficient funds to return to England, invest their profits in the development of their English and Welsh estates, and manage their West Indian properties as absentee landlords.[2] - Edward's grandson, Richard Pennant (1737–1808), acquired the Penrhyn estate in the 18th century, in part from his father, John Pennant, a Liverpool merchant, and in part from his wife, Ann Susannah Pennant, the only child of Hugh Warburton, an army officer.[3] Richard expended his sugar profits on the creation and subsequent development of his North Wales estate, centred on Penrhyn. Recognising the potential for the industrialisation of slate production, he greatly expanded the activities of his main slate mine, Penrhyn Quarry, and invested heavily in the development of the transportation infrastructure necessary for the export of his slate products.[4] A major road-building operation culminated in the creation of Port Penrhyn on the North-Wales coast as the fulcrum of his operations that saw the Bethesda quarries become the world's largest producer of slate by the early 19th century.[5] The profits from sugar and slate enabled Pennant to commission Samuel Wyatt to rebuild the medieval house as a ""castellated Gothic"" castle.[6] - Richard Pennant was elected Member of Parliament for Liverpool and sat for the city until elevated to the Irish peerage as 1st Baron Penrhyn in 1783. Between 1780 and 1790 he made over thirty speeches defending the slave trade against abolitionist attacks,[7] and became so influential that he was made chairman of the West India Committee, an informal alliance of some 50 MPs dedicated to opposing abolition.[8] - George Hay Dawkins-Pennant (1764–1840) inherited the Penrhyn Estate on Richard Pennant's death in 1808.[9] He continued the approach adopted by his second cousin: developing the Penrhyn Quarry; opposing the abolition of slavery; serving in Parliament; and building at Penrhyn.[10] Dawkins-Pennant's ambitions for his castle, however, far exceeded those of Richard Pennant for his - the building that Thomas Hopper created for him between 1820 and 1837 is one of the largest castles in Britain.[11] The cost of the construction of this vast house is uncertain, and difficult to quantify as many of the materials came from the family's own forests and quarries and much of the labour from their industrial workforce. Cadw's estimation suggests the castle cost the Pennant family around £150,000, equivalent to some £50m in current values.[12][a] - The German aristocrat and traveller Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau recorded his visit to Penrhyn in his memoirs, Tour of a German Prince, published in 1831.[14] He noted the ingenious design of the bell pulls; ""a pendulum is attached to each which continues to vibrate for ten minutes after the sound has ceased, to remind the sluggish of their duty.""[14] He was even more impressed by the scale of Dawkins-Pennant's ambition; reflecting that castle building, which in the time of William the Conqueror could only be carried out by ""mighty"" kings, was by the early 19th century, ""executed, as a plaything, — only with increased size, magnificence and expense, — by a simple country-gentleman, whose father very likely sold cheeses.""[15] - The eldest of Dawkins-Pennant's two daughters, Juliana, married an aristocratic Grenadier Guardsman, Edward Gordon Douglas (1800–1886), who, on inheriting the estate in 1840, adopted the hyphenated surname of Douglas-Pennant. Edward, the grandson of the 14th Earl of Morton, was created the 1st Baron Penrhyn (second creation) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1866. In accordance with his father-in-law's wishes, he assembled a major collection of pictures for the castle. He was succeeded by his son, George Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn, in 1886.[16] He was, in turn, succeeded by his son, Edward Douglas-Pennant, 3rd Baron Penrhyn, who lost his eldest son, and two half-brothers, as casualties in World War I.[17] - Hugh Douglas-Pennant, 4th Baron Penrhyn, who inherited the title and estates in 1927, died in June 1949, when the castle and estate passed to his niece, Lady Janet Pelham, who, following family tradition, adopted the surname of Douglas-Pennant. In 1951, the castle and 40,000 acres (160 km2) of land were accepted by the treasury in lieu of death duties and ownership was transferred to the National Trust.[18] - The National Trust has held custodianship of Penrhyn Castle since its transfer by the government in 1951. It has worked to conserve the house and its setting, and develop its attraction to visitors. In 2019/2020 Penrhyn received 139,614 such visitors, an increase over the two previous years (118,833 and 109,395).[19][20] In the 21st century, the Trust has sought to develop its understanding and coverage of the links between the house and colonialism and slavery (see below).[21][22][23] The Trust's 2022 Penrhyn Castle website records: ""we are accelerating plans to reinterpret the stories of the painful and challenging histories attached to Penrhyn Castle. This will take time as we want to ensure that changes we make are sustained and underpinned by high quality research.""[24][b] A large collection of Douglas-Pennant family papers is held by Bangor University and was catalogued between 2015 and 2017.[26] - If they passed the vote of abolition they actually struck at seventy millions of property, they ruined the colonies, and by destroying an essential nursery of seamen, gave up the dominion of the sea at a single glance - – Richard Pennant speaking in the House of Commons in 1789[2][c] - For much of the 20th century, conservation bodies such as the Trust largely ignored the issues of slavery and colonialism in relation to their properties.[28] This position began to change at the very end of the century. In 1995, Alaistair Hennesey published a pioneering article on Penrhyn and slavery in History Today. Of Penrhyn, Hennesey wrote, ""there is no building which illustrates so graphically the role which slave plantation profits played in the growth of British economic power.""[29] In 2009 the Trust organised a symposium, Slavery and the British Country House, in conjunction with English Heritage and the University of the West of England, which was held at the London School of Economics. At the conference Nicholas Draper (inaugural director of the Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery),[30] discussed the records of the Slave Compensation Commission and their value as a research tool for exploring links between the slave trade and the country house.[31] - In 2020, the Trust published its Interim Report on the Connections between Colonialism and Properties now in the Care of the National Trust, Including Links with Historic Slavery.[32] The appendix to the report recorded that George Hay Dawkins-Pennant was compensated under the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 for being deprived of 764 slaves, being paid £14,683 17s 2d.[33] The report itself provoked a strong reaction. The Common Sense Group of Conservative MPs challenged the Trust's priorities;[34] writing in a joint letter to The Daily Telegraph, ""History must neither be sanitised nor rewritten to suit 'snowflake' preoccupations. A clique of powerful, privileged liberals must not be allowed to rewrite our history in their image.""[35] The columnist Charles Moore decried the report and stimulated criticism across a range of British media outlets.[36][37][38] A complaint against the Trust's report was lodged with the Charity Commission.[39][d] - Olivette Otele, Professor of Colonial History and the Memory of Slavery at the University of Bristol, explored the dominant narrative presented at Penrhyn after a visit in 2016. She examined the prevalent history of the Pennants as social, industrial and agrarian improvers and noted the absence of discussion of the slave-owning origins of their wealth.[41] In 2020, the naming of a road in Barry as Ffordd Penrhyn provoked protests over the perceived links with Penrhyn Castle, ""the capital of slavery in Wales.""[42][43][e] - Although it had already begun consideration of the links between its properties and the British colonial heritage, the murder of George Floyd and subsequent Black Lives Matter demonstrations, including the toppling of the statue of Edward Colston, led the Trust to acknowledge that these protests had given their efforts a greater impetus. Writing at the time of the interim report's publication, Dr Katie Donnington wrote of the Trust's approach, ""Is it scones and tea and a bit of Jane Austen-type fantasy? Does it do critical social history? Or is it a place of escapism where there is a resistance to being confronted with the unsettling realities of empire, race and slavery?""[44] - I decline altogether to sanction the interference of anybody (corporate or individual) between employer and employed in the working of the quarry - – Lord Penrhyn revoking the recognition agreement with the North Wales Quarrymen's Union that led to the Great Strike of 1900[45] - The Great Strike of 1900–1903 at the Penrhyn Quarry was the longest labour dispute in British history,[46] and left a legacy of lasting bitterness.[47] Its origins lay in earlier instances of industrial unrest relating to the refusal of Lord Penrhyn and his agent to recognise the North Wales Quarrymen's Union.[48] In 2018 local Plaid Cymru councillors accused the Trust of failing to fully recognise the contribution of slate workers to the castle's history.[49] - The 120th anniversary of the strike saw the opening of a commemorative trail, Slate and Strikes in Bethesda. The BBC reported that some inhabitants of the town still declined to visit Penrhyn Castle and resentment against the Douglas-Pennants remained into the 21st-century.[50][51] - Penrhyn Castle houses one of the finest art collections in Wales, with works by Canaletto,[52] Richard Wilson,[53] Carl Haag,[54] Perino del Vaga,[55] and Bonifazio Veronese.[56] The collection formerly included a Rembrandt, Catrina Hooghsaet. In 2007 the painting was put up for sale. The Dutch Culture Ministry tried to buy the painting for Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum in 2007, but could not meet the £40m asking price. The painting was subsequently sold to an overseas collector after the lifting of an export ban.[57] In 2016 it was placed on loan to the National Museum Wales for a period of three years.[58] - The collection was almost entirely the work of Edward Douglas-Pennant, who began collecting paintings in the middle of the 19th century; the collection was catalogued by his granddaughter, Alice Douglas-Pennant. His interests were predominantly Dutch landscapes, Spanish pictures and Italian Sacra conversazione.[59] During World War II a large number of pictures from the National Gallery were stored at the castle to avoid the Blitz.[60][f] - Ownership of the art collection at Penrhyn remained with the Douglas-Pennant family after the castle passed into the ownership of the Trust. Elements have passed directly to the Trust over the following seventy years as the family have ceded ownership in lieu of inheritance tax.[61] Ten paintings were transferred in this way in 2008.[62] In 2016 some forty further works were accepted by the Welsh Government and now form part of the permanent collection.[63] - Penrhyn is among the most admired of the numerous mock castles built in the United Kingdom in the 19th century;[64] Christopher Hussey called it, ""the outstanding instance of Norman revival.""[65] The castle is a picturesque composition that stretches over 450 ft (137 m) from a tall donjon, or keep, containing the family rooms, through the main block built around the earlier house, to the service wing and the stables. Simon Jenkins draws comparisons with Windsor, Arundel and Eastnor.[4] Haslam, Orbach and Voelcker, in their 2009 volume Gwynedd in the Pevsner Buildings of Wales series, describe it as ""one of the most enormous houses in Britain"" and note its ""wholeheartedly Romanesque"" style.[11] Coflein records that Hopper and Dawkins-Pennant selected the Neo-Norman, or Romanesque Revival style, as opposed to the increasing fashionable Gothic Revival.[66] Pevsner describes the castle as ""a serious work of architecture"", noting the ""dauntingly fine masonry"" construction.[11] - Hopper designed all the principal interiors in a rich but restrained Norman style, with much fine plasterwork and wood and stone carving.[67] The castle also has some specially designed Norman-style furniture, including a one-ton slate bed made for Queen Victoria when she visited in 1859.[g] The diarist Charles Greville recorded his impressions after a visit in 1841: ""a vast pile of a building, and certainly very grand, but altogether, though there are some fine things and some good rooms in the house, the most gloomy place I ever saw, and I would not live there if they made me a present of the castle"".[69] Some modern critics have been similarly unimpressed; in his study The Architecture of Wales: From the First to the Twenty-First Centuries, John B. Hilling describes the castle as ""nightmarishly oppressive, a most uninviting place to live"".[70] - Thomas Hopper (1776–1856) made his reputation as architect to the Prince Regent for whom Hopper designed a conservatory in the Gothic style at Carlton House. He was a versatile architect, whose dictum, ""it is an architect's business to understand all styles, and to be prejudiced in favour of none"", saw him build in the Neo-Norman style, at Penrhyn and at Gosford Castle in Ireland; the cottage orné style at Craven Cottage; Tudor Revival at Margam Castle; Palladianism at Amesbury Abbey; and Jacobethan at Llanover House.[71] Penrhyn Castle is generally considered to be his best work.[12] - The castle is arranged in three main parts: the donjon, modelled on Hedingham Castle in Essex, which contained accommodation for the Pennant family;[h] the central block which contains the state rooms; and the service wing and stables. The castle runs on a north–south axis. The scale is immense, its seventy roofs cover an area of over an acre,[12] and its length, at 440 ft (134 m), which makes it impossible to be viewed in its entirety, disguises variations in the plan caused by the Pennants' desire to incorporate, rather than demolish, elements both of the original medieval house, and Wyatt's earlier castle.[11] The main building material is local rubble, lined internally with brick and externally with limestone ashlar. The masonry is of exceptional quality.[12] The main entrance to the castle is by way of a long drive which transverses the length of the castle before doubling back and passing through a gatehouse into a cour d'honneur in front of the central block.[73] - The house is entered through a low entrance gallery.[74] This leads into the Grand Hall, which Pevsner considers ""a strikingly inventive piece of architecture"".[75] Of double height, it resembles the nave or transept of a church.[76] The ceiling forms a triforium supported by compound columns.[12] The hall acts as a junction, to the left entry is to the keep and the family apartments, to the right, the service wing, and ahead stand the state apartments of the main block. A 20th century critic described it as, ""about as homely as a railway terminus, admirably suited to house an exhibition of locomotives, or outsize dinosaurs.""[76] The stained glass is by Thomas Willement.[12] - Mark Purcell, in his 2019 study, The Country House Library, describes the library at Penrhyn as ""not just gargantuan, but exotically and astonishingly opulent.""[77] The room is very large and bisected by four, flattened arches. These are plaster, as is the ceiling, but grained and polished to appear as wood.[78] Their decoration, and the design of the arches, draws on that found at the genuinely Norman Church of St Peter at Tickencote in Rutland.[78] The room contains a billiard table constructed entirely of slate and a range of bookcases and furniture designed by Hopper.[78] Haslam, Orbach and Voelcker consider the library the precursor for a long subsequent history of ""masculine rooms [for] millionaires"".[75] The room still contains the basis of a ""good gentleman's library"", despite sales of some of the most important and valuable books in the 1950s.[79] - The Drawing Room is the reconstructed Great hall of the medieval house, which Samuel Wyatt had previously incorporated into his late 18th-century remodelling.[12] It follows the library in its vaulting and panelling but the decorative style is lighter and more feminine, reflecting its use as a domain for the female members of the Pennant household.[80] Much of the furniture is again by Hopper. The room has large gilt mirrors at either end. The author Catherine Sinclair, who visited in the 1830s, described one as ""the largest mirror ever made in this country"".[80][i] - The Ebony Room is named for its ebony panelling and furniture,[81] although much is in fact ebonised rather than real.[82] - These two rooms served a range of purposes. Their primary function as rooms for consumption alternated depending on whether the Pennants were receiving guests; the larger and more formal Dining Room was used when they were, the Breakfast Room when the family was alone at the castle.[83] Their secondary function was to serve as picture galleries for much of the large collection of paintings assembled by Edward Douglas-Pennant; the other main reception rooms offering little space for picture hanging due to their design and decoration.[84] - Cadw considers the Grand Staircase, ""in many ways the greatest architectural achievement at Penrhyn.""[12] It took over ten years to construct,[12] rises the full height of the house culminating in a lantern, its only illumination, and is built of a variety of grey stones decorated with ""an orgy of fantastic carving"".[85] Haslam, Orbach and Voelcker think it Hopper's tour de force and see parallels with the contemporaneous approach in Gothic Literature, ""antiquarian and anarchic, intended to play on the emotions as novels and poems were doing in words.""[86] - The keep provided accommodation for the family, and important guests, arranged as a series of suites on each of its four main floors. In one of these is the slate bed, intended to accommodate Queen Victoria on her visit in 1859, but within which she refused to sleep.[87] Many of the rooms are carpeted with high-quality Axminster Carpets[88] and with walls papered in handmade Chinese wallpaper.[89] - Even by the standards of large, highly variegated, 19th-century country houses, Penrhyn is exceptionally well provided for through its range of service buildings. Rooms within the house include a butler's pantry, a servants' hall, offices for the estate manager and the housekeeper, and the kitchen, with separate still room, pantry and pastry room. Many functions are allocated their own towers, all designed by Hopper to reinforce the impression of a multi-turreted castle. These include the ice tower, the dung tower and the housemaids' tower. The stables are similarly designed to present the appearance of a fortress gatehouse.[12] On the wider estate are located an extensive Home Farm[75] and a range of gate lodges. Not all of these structures have appealed to architectural critics. Mowl and Earnshaw, in their study of lodges and gatehouses Trumpet at a Distant Gate, are particularly dismissive of Hopper's Grand Lodge, and of Hopper more generally. The lodge is condemned as ""misapplied historicism""[90] while Hopper himself is censured as a model for the then-coming generation of Victorian architects, his career demonstrating how to ""gain a whole world of rich commissions by eclectic dexterity, and still lose his own soul.""[91][j] - The castle is a Grade I listed building. Its Cadw listing designation describes it as ""one of the most important country houses in Wales; a superb example of the relatively short-lived Norman Revival of the early 19th century and generally regarded as the masterpiece of its architect, Thomas Hopper.""[12] Other listed structures within the estate, all of which are Grade II with the exception of the Grand Lodge which is designated Grade II*, include: the Grand Lodge itself,[92] the Port Lodge and its walls,[93][94] the Tal-y-bont Lodge,[95] the walls to the flower garden,[96] the relocated remnants of the original medieval chapel,[97] a bothy[98] and its walled garden,[99] an estate house,[100] the estate manager's house,[101] the estate kennels,[102] nine buildings at the home farm,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] and the wall surrounding the park.[111] - The castle grounds are an example of the Victorian style of gardening, with specimen trees, rhododenra, and much planting. A conifer was planted by Queen Victoria[112] and another by the Queen of Romania.[113] There is a substantial home farm. The gardens contain a large underground reservoir, constructed in the 1840s and with a capacity of 200,000 gallons. Its purpose is uncertain, it may have been for use by the castle's in-house fire brigade in the event of a fire.[114] The park is listed Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.[115] The castle and its grounds are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales.[116] - The Penrhyn Castle Railway Museum is a narrow gauge railway museum. The Pennant's slate quarry at Bethesda was closely associated with the development of industrial narrow-gauge railways, and in particular the Penrhyn Quarry Railway (PQR), one of the earliest industrial railways in the world. In 1951 a museum of railway relics was created in the stable block. The first locomotive donated was Charles, one of the three remaining steam locomotives working on the PQR. A number of other historically significant British narrow-gauge locomotives and other artefacts have since been added to the collection.[81] - In 2014, Welsh National Opera used Penrhyn as the location for their filming of Claude Debussy's opera La chute de la maison Usher, based on Edgar Allan Poe's story The Fall of the House of Usher.[117] It has also be used as a television filming location.[118][119] A parkrun takes place in the grounds of the castle each Saturday morning, starting and finishing at the castle gates. The fee to enter the castle grounds is waived for runners.[120] - Penrhyn Castle - exterior - Penrhyn Castle - exterior - The Grand Staircase - Penrhyn Castle in 2011 - Carved stonework on the Grand Staircase - The Drawing Room - The Library - The Grand Lodge -",2023-08-26 18:23:53 -Obsession (band) - Wikipedia," - Obsession is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982, and noted for spawning the career of singer Michael Vescera. -The band first came on to the scene on the Metal Massacre 2 compilation from Metal Blade Records.[1] After that, the band released the EP Marshall Law and the albums Scarred for Life and Methods of Madness under the Enigma label.[1] They broke up in 1989,[1] and reformed in 2004 and then released the album Carnival of Lies in 2006 with Mausoleum Records. - Obsession then signed to the Ulterium – Inner Wound record label to release their latest album, Order of Chaos, in 2012. - Obsession provided songs for the films Sleepaway Camp II, Sleepaway Camp III as well as for Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III. - The band also appears on the compilation albums Metal Blade 15th Anniversary from Metal Blade Records and Heavy Metal Machine – Pull One from Medusa Records. -",2023-08-26 18:23:56 -Cataxia - Wikipedia," - 15, see text - Cataxia is a genus of Australian armoured trapdoor spiders that was first described by William Joseph Rainbow in 1914.[3] - As of May 2019[update] the genus contained fifteen species from the states of New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), Victoria (VIC) or Western Australia (WA):[1] - - This Idiopidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:24:00 -Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union - Wikipedia," - The Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (AEEU) was a British trade union. It merged with the MSF to form Amicus in 2001. - The union was founded in 1992, when the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) finally achieved a merger with the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union (EETPU), after a hundred years of off-and-on discussions.[2] The new union took the name Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union.[1] - The AEU had been affiliated to the Trades Union Congress, while the EETPU was not, so the merged organisation held a ballot on the question of affiliation; members voted for the new union to affiliate.[3] The AEEU was also the largest member of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions.[4] - Membership of the new union continued to fall in line with the decline in employment in the sectors it covered. By 2001, its membership had fallen to 728,200. That year, it merged with the Manufacturing, Science and Finance union to form Amicus.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:24:04 -Christos Maniatis - Wikipedia,"Christos Maniatis (Greek: Χρήστος Μανιάτης; born 5 June 1991) is a Greek footballer who plays for Thrasyvoulos F.C. in the Football League (Greece) as a right back. - Christos Maniatis has previously played for Panionios F.C., Egaleo FC, Keravnos Keratea F.C. and Paniliakos . He is the younger brother of Olympiacos player Ioannis Maniatis. -",2023-08-26 18:24:07 -Pennsylvania Route 130 - Wikipedia," Pennsylvania Route 130 Pennsylvania Route 130 (PA 130) is a 49-mile-long (79 km) state highway located in Allegheny and Westmoreland counties in Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at PA 8 in Pittsburgh, and the eastern terminus is at PA 381 near Kregar. - The highway begins at a busy intersection in Pittsburgh's Highland Park neighborhood. For the next 2.7 miles (4.3 km), it follows a portion of the Green Belt, running along a peaceful parkway in the urban environment of Pittsburgh and Penn Hills. It then serves as a major two-lane road through the suburbs of Penn Hills, Churchill, and Wilkins Township. It then connects with the old industrial suburbs of Turtle Creek, Wilmerding, Pitcairn, and Trafford. The road continues through suburban Penn Township, before passing through the industrial city of Jeannette, and entering Greensburg, one of several edge county seats which serve as Pittsburgh edge cities. - After journeying through heavily suburbanized Hempfield Township, the road enters a very rural area at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. - PA 130 begins at an intersection with PA 8 (which is a part of the Blue Belt of the Allegheny County belt system) in the Highland Park neighborhood of the city of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, heading east on two-lane undivided Allegheny River Boulevard, which is a part of the Green Belt. The road passes under the Allegheny Valley Railroad's Brilliant Branch line and a connector track as it heads through woodland with the Allegheny Valley Railroad's Allegheny Subdivision line and the Allegheny River to the north of the road. The route crosses into Penn Hills and continues alongside the railroad and the river, turning southeast onto Sandy Creek Road away from the Allegheny River. PA 130 heads through wooded areas of commercial development and turning south. The route comes to an intersection with Verona Road in Sandy Creek, at which point the Green Belt turns west. The road becomes Coal Hollow Road and passes through woodland near residential subdivisions, curving southeast before heading south onto Old Coal Hollow Road and reaching an intersection with PA 380 in a commercial area. PA 130 becomes Beulah Road and runs through suburban residential neighborhoods, turning southwest as it crosses into the borough of Churchill. The route heads through wooded areas with some nearby homes, curving southeast and south before reaching an interchange with Interstate 376/US Route 22 (I-376/US 22), at which point it is a four-lane divided highway. Past this, the road becomes a four-lane undivided road and continues past homes, narrowing back to two lanes. PA 130 enters Wilkins Township and heads through commercial areas with some homes, becoming Brown Avenue and heading south. The road continues through wooded areas with some development, heading into the borough of Turtle Creek and passing homes.[3][4] - The route curves southeast and passes under a Union Railroad line, turning east onto four-lane divided Osborne Street. PA 130 becomes Tri Boro Expressway and continues through commercial areas, with the Yellow Belt joining the road at the Thompson Street intersection. The road heads southeast between woods to the northeast and residential areas to the southwest, with the road elevated over the developed areas. The route becomes the border between Turtle Creek to the northeast and the borough of Wilmerding to the southwest before fully entering Wilmerding. PA 130 curves east and comes to an interchange with Patton Street, at which point the Yellow Belt splits from the route by heading south. The road crosses into the borough of Monroeville and runs north of Turtle Creek and Norfolk Southern's Pittsburgh Line as it turns northeast onto two-lane undivided Broadway Boulevard into woodland with some commercial development. The route heads into the borough of Pitcairn and passes downtown businesses, turning southeast. The route heads through woodland as it crosses back into Monroeville. PA 130 intersects PA 48, which also carries the Orange Belt. Past this intersection, the road continues south through more wooded areas of homes and businesses. The route turns east and crosses into the borough of Trafford, becoming 5th Street.[3][4] - PA 130 comes to a bridge over the Turtle Creek into Westmoreland County, heading east through more of Trafford on the bridge, passing near industrial areas and heading over the abandoned Turtle Creek Industrial Railroad line. After the bridge, the route intersects the western terminus of PA 993 and runs through the commercial downtown, turning northeast onto Forest Avenue and heads into residential areas. PA 130 turns east onto 7th Street and passes more homes. The road turns northeast and becomes the border between Trafford to the northwest and North Huntingdon Township to the southeast, fully entering Trafford again and becomes Seventh Street Extension as it heads through more residential areas with some woods, curving east. The route crosses into Penn Township and becomes Harrison City Road, running through more areas of suburban housing developments. PA 130 continues southeast into more wooded areas of homes with a few businesses as an unnamed road, heading past more commercial establishments and crossing over I-76 (Pennsylvania Turnpike). The road continues into dense areas of housing developments, becoming Harrison City-Jeannette Road. The route comes to another intersection with PA 993 in Harrison City, at which point that route turns southeast and runs concurrently with PA 130, passing more businesses along with a few homes. After a turn to the south, PA 993 splits from PA 130 by turning east onto Bushy Run Road, and PA 130 continues southeast on Harrison Avenue, heading through more residential areas with a few businesses. The road heads through wooded areas with some farm fields and homes before crossing into the city of Jeannette and winding east through residential areas with some woods. The route turns southeast and passes near industry before continuing past several homes with some businesses. PA 130 turns east and briefly heads through Penn Township before crossing the Brush Creek into Hempfield Township. The road becomes unnamed and heads through wooded areas with some nearby homes as a four-lane divided highway. The route comes to an interchange with the PA 66 toll road and continues through more woodland with some homes and fields, becoming College Avenue.[3][5] - PA 130 turns south and heads into the city of Greensburg, at which point it splits into a one-way pair at the Clopper Street intersection. Eastbound PA 130 continues south on two-lane, two-way, undivided College Avenue, running between the campus of Seton Hill University to the west and residential areas to the east. The road crosses under Norfolk Southern's Pittsburgh Line near the Greensburg station serving Amtrak's Pennsylvanian train and heads into the commercial downtown of Greensburg, becoming Bell Way. Eastbound PA 130 turns east onto one-way West Pittsburgh Street, carrying two travel lanes and coming to an intersection with US 119/PA 819/PA 66 Business. From here, eastbound PA 130 continues east on East Pittsburgh Street concurrent with northbound US 119/PA 819. US 119/PA 819 split to the north and eastbound PA 130 soon rejoins PA 130. Westbound PA 130 heads west into downtown Greensburg on one-way East Otterman Street, carrying three travel lanes. The route becomes concurrent with southbound US 119/PA 819 and continues west carrying two travel lanes. At the intersection with PA 66 Business, US 119/PA 819 turn south to join that route while westbound PA 130 turns north to join PA 66 Business on two-lane, two-way North Main Street. The road crosses Norfolk Southern's Pittsburgh Line and heads into residential areas, with westbound PA 130 splitting from PA 66 Business by heading west on Clopper Street, passing more homes before rejoining eastbound PA 130.[3][5] - At the end of the one-way pair, both directions of PA 130 head east on two-lane undivided East Pittsburgh Street, crossing under the Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad's Greensburg Industrial Track line and the Five Star Trail, passing homes and businesses. The route heads into commercial areas and turns southeast onto Humphrey Road, with East Pittsburgh Street continuing east to provide access to and from the eastbound direction of US 30. PA 130 heads through residential areas in Hempfield Township with some commercial establishments, coming to an interchange with access to and from the westbound direction of the US 30 freeway. The road passes through more residential neighborhoods in Stonevilla before turning south into more wooded areas with a few homes as an unnamed road. The route winds southeast through more woodland with some nearby housing developments, crossing into Unity Township as it passes to the southwest of Unity Reservoir. PA 130 becomes Pleasant Unity Road and heads into a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes, becoming unnamed again. The route turns southwest onto Myers Road before turning south onto another unnamed road. PA 130 turns east and curves south through more rural areas with some housing developments, curving southeast and making a turn to the northeast at Humphreys. The road curves east-southeast and heads into the residential community of Pleasant Unity, coming to an intersection with PA 981. Here, PA 981 turns east to form a concurrency with PA 130, with the road heading southeast through more of the community. PA 981 splits to the northeast and PA 130 continues southeast into open agricultural areas with some woods and homes.[3][5] - The road becomes the border between Unity Township to the northeast and Mount Pleasant Township to the southwest as it forms a short concurrency with PA 982 in Lycippus. The route heads through more farmland as an unnamed road and heads into forested areas, crossing Chestnut Ridge. PA 130 turns south to fully enter Mount Pleasant Township before curving southeast into Donegal Township. The road becomes the border between Cook Township to the northeast and Donegal Township to the southwest and heads through more forests with some farm fields and homes. The route comes to an intersection with PA 711 in Stahlstown and continues through more forested areas. PA 130 turns east fully into Cook Township and runs a short distance to the north of I-70/I-76 (Pennsylvania Turnpike) before reaching its eastern terminus at an intersection with PA 381.[3][5] - Pennsylvania Route 180 Pennsylvania Route 186 Originally, the PA 130 designation between Greensburg and Turtle Creek was known as PA 993 from 1928 until 1932. In 1932, PA 993 was replaced by PA 180 and extended west toward PA 380 near Pittsburgh. In 1936, PA 186 replaced PA 180, and PA 180 was shifted to an alignment continuing east of its old alignment to PA 381 in Cook Township. In 1941, the PA 186 designation was eliminated, and PA 180 took its place from PA 380 near Pittsburgh to PA 381 in Cook Township. With the introduction of the Interstate Highway System, Interstate 180 was introduced as a spur highway of I-80 into Williamsport. As a result, the PA 180 designation was replaced by PA 130 in 1961. - In 1971, the Tri-Boro Expressway was completed, of which a portion of PA 130 runs concurrent. PA 130 joins the expressway Brown Avenue and continues east to State Street in Allegheny County. In 1998, PA 130 was rerouted along College Avenue and Bell Way, a one-way pair in Greensburg.[citation needed] - In 2019, the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) announced that it would begin work to construct a new interchange in Penn Township that would connect the Pennsylvania Turnpike to PA 130. The interchange would involve cashless tolling.[6] On October 28, 2021, it was announced that design work on the interchange would begin. The interchange between the turnpike and PA 130 is projected to be completed in 2026.[7] -",2023-08-26 18:24:12 -Jens Fredricson - Wikipedia," - Jens Fredricson (born 14 December 1967) is a Swedish equestrian. He competed in two events at the 2012 Summer Olympics.[1] - This biographical article related to Swedish equestrianism is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:24:16 -Lamborghini Sián FKP 37 - Wikipedia," - The Lamborghini SIÁN FKP 37 is a limited production mid-engine hybrid sports car produced by the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini. Unveiled online on 3 September 2019, the SIÁN is the first hybrid production vehicle produced by the company. - The name Sián comes from a Bolognese word[3] which means a flash of lightning. The name was selected to highlight the fact that the car is the first production vehicle produced by the company to include a hybrid supercapacitator component. The suffix FKP 37 is related to the initials and birth year of the late Volkswagen Group chairman Ferdinand Karl Piëch.[4] - Based on the Lamborghini Aventador, the Sián FKP 37 shares its engine with the SVJ variant of the Aventador, but an electric motor integrated into the gearbox adds another 25 kW to the power output. Other modifications to the engine include the addition of titanium intake valves, a reconfigured ECU and a new exhaust system raising the power output to 785 PS. The total power output is 819 PS, making the Sián the most powerful production Lamborghini. The engine is connected to a 7-speed automated manual transmission[5] and the car employs an electronically controlled all-wheel-drive system with a rear mechanical self-locking differential for improved handling.[6] - The power for the electric motor is stored in a supercapacitor unit instead of conventional lithium-ion batteries. The supercapacitor unit is integrated with the electric motor into the gearbox in order for a better weight distribution. Supercapacitors were chosen due to their ability to provide three times the power of a conventional lithium-ion battery of the same weight. The unit installed in the car is an evolution of the Aventador's starter motor and can store ten times more power than the unit it is based on. A regenerative braking system helps generate enough energy to recharge the supercapacitors. The electric motor counters the effect of deceleration and provides a power boost to the driver at speeds up to 130 km/h (81 mph). The motor supports low-speed manoeuvres such as parking and reversing.[7][8] - The improvements made to the car help accelerate it from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.8 seconds and attain an electronically limited top speed of 355 km/h (221 mph) but the official top speed is to be confirmed.[1] - The exterior design incorporates a wedge shape, a trademark of famed automobile designer Marcello Gandini and mixes that with the design of the Terzo Millennio concept introduced two years prior. The Y shaped daytime running headlights are inspired by the Terzo Millennio while at the rear an active fixed rear wing with the number ""63"" embossed on its winglets to honour the company's year of incorporation creates downforce. Downforce is maximised by the model's prominent side air intakes and large carbon-fibre front splitter. A transparent ""Peroscopio"" glass panel runs from the centre of the roof and rolls back into the slatted engine cover adds light and visibility for the occupants, and the six hexagonal taillights are an inspiration from the Countach. - Along with the wing, active cooling vanes at the rear are used which are activated by a smart material that reacts to heat. When a certain temperature is reached, the vanes rotate for extra airflow. -The interior is based heavily on the Aventador's interior, but the centre console has been tidied up and a portrait touchscreen first seen in the Huracán Evo is one of the key differences. The leather upholstery has been done by Poltrona Frau, an Italian furniture company and 3D printed parts are used on the interior for the first time.[4] - Production of the Sián FKP 37 will be limited to 63 units of the coupe and 19 units of the roadster and all have already been sold. Lamborghini's Ad Personam division will be responsible for the manufacture of the Sián. The car was officially unveiled to the public at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show configured in a unique ""electric gold"" paint. It was also renamed to be known as the Sián FKP 37 honouring late Volkswagen Group chairman Ferdinand Piëch. ""FKP"" are the initials of his name and ""37"" are the last two numbers of his birth year (i.e. 1937).[7][6][9] - In July 2020, Lamborghini unveiled the convertible roadster version of the Sián FKP 37 simply called the Sián Roadster.[10] The car was launched in a new colour called Uranus Blue and is limited to 19 units, all of which have been already sold. Mechanically, the Roadster is similar to the coupe retaining the same engine and the supercapacitor hybrid system.[11] At the rear, the car features 3D printed carbon fibre air vents on which the buyers can add their initials making each car unique.[12] - A replica of this model, made from construction bricks, was presented by Lego at the 2022 Paris Motor Show, although Lamborghini was not present at the event.[13] -",2023-08-26 18:24:19 -2023 U Sports/Curling Canada University Curling Championships - Wikipedia,"The 2023 U Sports/Curling Canada University Championships were held from March 15 to 19 at the Gerry McCrory Countryside Sports Complex in Sudbury, Ontario.[1] The host university of the event was Laurentian University.[2] Sudbury was originally scheduled to host the 2022 edition of the event, however, it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario.[3] The event was held in conjunction with the 2023 CCAA/Curling Canada College Curling Championships, the Canadian college curling championship. - On the men's side, the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks defended their title with a 9–7 victory over the Dalhousie Tigers in the championship game. The team, skipped by Sam Mooibroek, finished the round robin in first place with a 6–1 record. They then defeated Queen's Golden Gaels 12–10 in the semifinal to qualify for the championship game. The Dalhousie Tigers, led by Adam McEachren, finished second in the round robin with a 5–2 record before stealing their way into the championship game with 5–4 win over the Laurentian Voyageurs. In the bronze medal game, the Queen's Golden Gaels, skipped by Owen Purdy, took one in the tenth end to defeat the Laurentian Voyageurs, led by Jake Horgan. - The women's event also saw a successful title defense with the Alberta Pandas stealing one in the tenth end to defeat the Dalhousie Tigers 5–4. The Alberta team, skipped by Serena Gray-Withers, finished third in the round robin with a 4–3 record. They then eliminated the Memorial Sea-Hawks in the semifinal thanks to a five ender in the eighth, leading to their 7–6 victory. For the Tigers, led by Marin Callaghan, they also went 4–3 through the round robin, however, upset the number one seeded Laurentian Voyageurs 10–6 in the semifinal to earn a spot in the championship game. The Laurentian rink, led by Bella Croisier, bounced back with a 6–5 win over the Memorial Sea-Hawks, skipped by Mackenzie Mitchell, to claim the bronze medal. - The teams are listed as follows:[4] - Final Round Robin Standings[5] - All draws are listed in Eastern Time (UTC−04:00).[6][7] - Wednesday, March 15, 9:30 pm - Thursday, March 16, 12:30 pm - Thursday, March 16, 8:30 pm - Friday, March 17, 12:30 pm - Friday, March 17, 8:30 pm - Saturday, March 18, 8:30 am - Saturday, March 18, 4:30 pm - Sunday, March 19, 9:30 am - Sunday, March 19, 2:30 pm - Sunday, March 19, 2:30 pm - The teams are listed as follows:[4] - Final Round Robin Standings[5] - All draws are listed in Eastern Time (UTC−04:00).[6][7] - Wednesday, March 15, 5:30 pm - Thursday, March 16, 8:30 am - Thursday, March 16, 4:30 pm - Friday, March 17, 8:30 am - Friday, March 17, 4:30 pm - Saturday, March 18, 12:30 pm - Saturday, March 18, 8:30 pm - Sunday, March 19, 9:30 am - Sunday, March 19, 2:30 pm - Sunday, March 19, 2:30 pm -",2023-08-26 18:24:23 -Beatrice Cenci (1969 film) - Wikipedia,"The Conspiracy of Torture (Italian: Beatrice Cenci) is a 1969 Italian historical drama film directed by Lucio Fulci, starring Adrienne La Russa and Tomas Milian. The shooting title was originally La vera storia di Beatrice Cenci. It depicts the real life events of Francesco Cenci and his daughter Beatrice, emphasizing the more horrific elements of the story.[2][3] - In the year 1599 in Italy, the entire Cenci family awaits their fates on the morning of their execution for murder. The events leading up to this day are presented in a series of overlapping flashbacks. - Four years earlier, Francesco Cenci is a rich landowner and nobleman, but is hated by everyone, including his entire family. He's a vicious, conniving, cynical tyrant of the household and a domestic abuser to his wife and children. He also has made numerous enemies within the close-knit halls of the Catholic Church and the state. Francesco's beautiful teenage daughter, Beatrice, confides in her mother that she intends to take the cloth and enter a convent, as much to escape from her abusive father as for spiritual reasons. When Francesco hears about this, he is enraged and reacts by imprisoning Beatrice in the basement of the Cenci castle, observing that there is little difference between dungeon and cloister. - In the present day, it is announced that the Cenci patriarch has been killed in a fall from the battlements, an accident which looks suspiciously like murder. Suspicion closes around Beatrice's lover Olimpio, who is taken into custody and brutally tortured for information about the mysterious death. - In another flashback, Beatrice is released from her father's dungeon after nearly one year in solitary confinement by Francesco to celebrate news that her two older brothers were killed in war. Beatrice defies the atmosphere demanded by her abrasive and callous father when she attends the party wearing a black funeral dress. A little later that night, Francisco confronts Beatrice in an upstairs bedroom, and the specter of incest emerges when he drunkenly rips off his daughter's black dress and stands swaying over her before he rapes her. - Beatrice changes drastically after this experience; she coerces her besotted servant, Olimpio, with sexual favors, and embroils him in her desire for revenge. Olimpio is told to seek the assistance of the local bandit, Catalano to exact revenge on her father. Olimpio is not told for what reason he is planning the murder; it is enough for him that his lady lover requires it. When the time comes as Francesco Cenci sleeps, Catalano backs out, revealing that he is a killer ""in reputation only."" Olimpio, with a knife raised to stab Francesco, also suddenly backs out saying that he cannot stomach the task of killing another human being. In desperation, Beatrice snatches the knife away from Olimpio and does the deed herself, stabbing her father in the eye, while Olimpio restrains the waking victim before he expires. - Beatrice is vengefully jubilant, but Olimpio is stricken with guilt, and wipes his bloody hands on the bedstead. Beatrice calls in her stepmother to help her clean up the mess and gets her little brother to help her carry the dead Francesco onto the ramparts of the castle to throw him off to make it look like an accident. Beatrice uses their silent compliance to ensure future denials. - In the present day, the whole Cenci family is implicated in the murder either as participants or accessories and under Catholic Church law, they are condemned to death. The bandit Catalano is murdered by soldiers when he attempts to escape. The prosecutor in the case, Cardinal Lanciani, attempts to write a statement implicating Beatrice to Olimpio, who has been repeatedly tortured to extract a confession about the Cenci family's involvement. But Olimpio maintains Beatrice's innocence in the crime until he dies from his wounds. The planned execution begins causing great unrest among the people of Rome who feel that Beatrice was justified in killing her father who besmirched her honor. On a court appeal by the Cenci family lawyer, the Pope decides to absolve Beatrice Cenci of all her sins but only after she is beheaded along with the rest of her family. He believes that an absolution will clear the air by making Beatrice a martyr. The film ends as Beatrice and the rest of her family are led out of their cells into the local courtyard for their execution (which is carried out off-camera). - The film was released as Beatrice Cenci in Italy on November 14, 1969.[4] The English-dubbed version, called Conspiracy of Torture, was released in the United States in September 1976.[1] - Fulci and his wife Maria considered Beatrice Cenci as one of his favorite films.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:24:26 -Earnest Long - Wikipedia,"Earnest Sylvestor Long (October 11, 1927 – September 20, 2000), nicknamed ""The Kid"", was an American Negro league pitcher for the Chattanooga Choo-Choos and Cleveland Buckeyes between 1945 and 1950. - A native of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Long was selected to the West squad for the 1949 East–West All-Star Game.[1] He died in Rome, Georgia in 2000 at age 72. - - This Negro league baseball pitcher article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:24:30 -Joseph Carmine Zavatt - Wikipedia,"Joseph Carmine Zavatt (September 19, 1900 – August 31, 1985) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York from 1957 to 1985 and its Chief Judge from 1962 to 1969. - Born on September 19, 1900, in Lawrence, Nassau County, New York, Zavatt was the son of Vincent Zavatto, a real estate professional and author who immigrated to the United States from San Martino di Finita, Italy in 1892. Zavatto later changed his name to ""Zavatt"" after a teacher misspelled it making his name more ""American."" Vincent Zavatt volunteered his services as Deputy Sheriff in Inwood, New York and helped eradicate the notorious Black Hand in Inwood,[1] His efforts in the community and the Democratic Party led to the town of Inwood naming a street after him ""Zavatt Street.""[2] Zavatt received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1922 from Columbia University and a Bachelor of Laws in 1924 from Columbia Law School. He served as a private in the United States Army during World War I from 1918 to 1919, and as a Lieutenant Commander in the United States Naval Reserve during World War II serving three years of active duty.[3] He entered private practice in Nassau County from 1927 to 1957. He was an Instructor at the School of Business Administration at New York University from 1930 to 1933. He was counsel to the New York State Legislature from 1948 to 1953.[4] - Zavatt was active in the Nassau County Bar Association, serving as its President in 1950. He was also instrumental in creating the Legal Aid Society in Nassau County.[3] - Zavatt was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on June 21, 1957, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York vacated by Judge Clarence G. Galston. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 5, 1957, and received his commission on August 7, 1957. He served as Chief Judge from 1962 to 1969. He assumed senior status on December 31, 1970. His service terminated on August 31, 1985, due to his death.[4] - In one of Zavatt's major decisions, he ordered the authorities in Manhasset, L.I., to end de facto segregation in elementary schools.[5] In a New York Times Article,[6] the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, hailed the ruling as a landmark decision. The case centered around black pupils who more than a year behind the national average.[citation needed] Zavatt held eight weeks of hearings, and without a jury reached a decision.[citation needed] Zavatt stated upon granting the Injunction, ""The denial of the right not to be segregated cannot be assuaged or supported by evidence indicating that underachievement in the three R's may be due in whole or in part to low socioeconomic level, home influence or measured intelligence quotient.[citation needed] The role of public education in our democracy is not limited to these academic subjects.[citation needed] It encompasses a broader preparation for participation in the mainstream of our society.""[citation needed] - Robert L. Carter, NAACP's General Counsel call it ""the best analyzed decision on this problem that has been handed down."" Carter stated that the 59-page opinion would ""carry more weight"" than other recent decisions that have blocked efforts toward fuller integration in some communities.[citation needed] He predicted the ruling would ""light a fire"" under some school boards in the State.[citation needed] - -",2023-08-26 18:24:33 -Robert Watts (minister) - Wikipedia," -Robert Watts, (1820–1895), Irish presbyterian minister, the youngest of fourteen children of a presbyterian farmer, was born at Moneylane, near Castlewellan, County Down, on 10 July 1820. He was educated at the parish school of Kilmegan, Co. Down, and at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. - In 1848 he went to America, graduated (1849) at Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, and studied theology at Princeton, New Jersey, under Charles Hodge, D.D. (1797–1878). He organised (1852) a presbyterian mission at Philadelphia, gathered a congregation in Franklin House Hall, was ordained its pastor in 1853, and obtained the erection (1856) of Westminster Church for its use. He got into controversy on Arminianism with Albert Barnes (1798–1870), a Philadelphia presbyterian of liberal views. - On a visit to Ireland he accepted a call to Lower Gloucester Street congregation, Dublin,[1] and was installed there in August 1863. On the death (1866) of John Edgar, Watts was elected to the chair of systematic theology in the Assembly's College, Belfast. He was a keen theologian, of very conservative views, opposed to the tendency of much modern criticism, and especially to the influence of German exegesis. He studied current speculations with some care, in a spirit of uncompromising antagonism. His writings were acceptable to the older minds in his denomination, and were in some measure successful in arresting tendencies which he combated with confident vivacity. In matters where he considered that no theological interest was involved he was not so conservative; he advocated the use of instrumental music in public worship, though this was against the general sentiment of Irish presbyterians. He was Moderator of the General Assembly from 1879 to 1880. His health suffered from overwork, and after the close of the college session, April 1895, he completely broke down. He died at College Park, Belfast, on 26 July 1895, and was buried on 29 July in the city cemetery. - He married (1853) Margaret, daughter of William Newell of Summerhill, Downpatrick, who survived him with a son and two daughters. His eldest son, Robert Watts, presbyterian minister of Kilmacreenan, co. Donegal, died on 4 Dec. 1889. - Among his numerous publications may be named: - He contributed many articles to presbyterian and other periodicals. -",2023-08-26 18:24:37 -2020 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team - Wikipedia," - The 2020 Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Rainbow Warriors played their final home games at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu as members of the Mountain West Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Todd Graham. - On August 10, 2020, the Mountain West Conference suspended all fall sports competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[2] This decision was later reversed on September 24, with all 12 teams playing an eight-game, conference-only schedule starting on October 24. - The Rainbow Warriors ended their season with a winning record for the third year in a row, also claiming the New Mexico Bowl over Houston. Graham also became the first Hawaii coach since Bob Wagner in 1987 to win his debut; the last five had lost their debuts, all by 20 points or more. - The Rainbow Warriors had their most successful season since 2010. They finished 10–5, 5–3 to finish tied for first in the West Division, claiming the division championship with a 14–11 win over San Diego State. They advanced to the Mountain West Championship, where they lost to Boise State, but won the Hawaii Bowl over archrival BYU, 38–34. This was Hawaii's first ten-win season since 2010, and just the seventh in program history. Nick Rolovich was also named Mountain West Coach of the Year, the fourth UH coach to receive that honor. - However, Rolovich abruptly resigned on January 13, 2020 to accept the head coaching position at Washington State.[3] -Seven more assistants followed, including assistant head coach Mark Banker, offensive coordinator Brian Smith and quarterbacks coach Craig Stutzmann.[4] - After a week, Athletic Director David Matlin hired former Arizona State head coach Todd Graham as Rolovich's successor on January 21, 2020. He was officially introduced on January 22, 2020.[5] - Listed in the order that they were released - The Mountain West media days was initially set to be virtually held on the days of July 27–29, but were later postponed by the conference.[12] - The preseason poll was released on July 21, 2020. Hawaii was initially picked to finish third in the West Division.[13] The divisions were later suspended for the 2020 season. - The Rainbow Warriors only had one player selected to the preseason All–Mountain West Team.[14] - Offense -Ilm Manning – OL - Hawaii had its first four games against Arizona, UCLA, Fordham and Oregon canceled before the start of the 2020 season. Each cancellation, related to the COVID-19 pandemic, was due to individual conferences attempting to reduce spread of the virus through travel restrictions.[15][16] Robert Morris later replaced Fordham on the schedule, announced on July 13, 2020.[17] - The entire season was suspended by the Mountain West Conference on August 10, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the decision was reversed on September 24, with the conference announcing each team would play an eight-game, conference-only schedule. The new schedule was released by the Mountain West on October 1, 2020. Hawaii played seven of their original conference opponents, with the only change being Wyoming replacing Air Force on the schedule. Hawaii Athletics also announced that home games would be held without fans, in accordance with government regulations. - The game scheduled for December 5 with San Jose State was moved to Aloha Stadium after new COVID-19 restrictions were released in Santa Clara County, where CEFCU Stadium is located. Hawaii played as the designated road team in their new all-white road uniforms, which debuted against Fresno State. - Support staff - Roster Last update: November 17, 2020 - - - - at Bulldog Stadium, Fresno, CA - UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 20/30, 229 yards -FS – Jake Haener: 17/31, 289 yards, 1 TD, 3 INT - UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 13 carries, 116 yards, 2 TD -FS – Ronnie Rivers: 18 carries, 79 yards, 1 TD - UH – Jared Smart: 7 receptions, 89 yards -FS – Keric Wheatfall: 3 receptions, 73 yards - - at War Memorial Stadium, Laramie, WY - UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 11/26, 110 yards, 1 INT - -WYO – Levi Williams: 9/18, 112 yards - UH – Miles Reed: 7 carries, 54 yards - -WYO – Xazavian Valladay: 32 carries, 162 yards, 2 TD - UH – Zion Bowens: 1 reception, 47 yards - -WYO – Xazavian Valladay: 2 receptions, 32 yards - - at Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, HI - UNM – Tevaka Tuioti: 17/31, 181 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 33/43, 410 yards, 4 TD, 2 INT - UNM – Nathanie Jones: 13 rush, 96 yards, 1 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 10 rush, 39 yards, 1 TD - UNM – Jordan Kress, 3 receptions, 93 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Nick Mardner: 6 receptions, 147 yards, 1 TD - - at Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, CA - UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 17/35, 209 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT - -SDSU – Carson Baker: 4/13, 30 yards, 2 INT - UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 20 carries, 85 yards - -SDSU – Greg Bell: 19 carries, 175 yards, 2 TD - UH – Calvin Turner: 4 receptions, 116 yards, 1 TD - -SDSU – Chance Bell: 1 reception, 14 yards - - at Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, HI - BS – Hank Bachmeier: 21/31, 278 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 25/48, 253 yards, 3 TD - BS – Andrew Van Buren: 27 carries, 117 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 18 carries, 103 yards - BS – Khalil Shakir: 11 receptions, 130 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Miles Reed: 6 receptions, 69 yards - - at Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, HI - NEV – Carson Strong: 20/25, 168 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 26/32, 246 yards, 1 TD - NEV – Toa Taua: 20 carries, 131 yards, 1 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 15 carries, 76 yards, 1 TD - NEV – Cole Turner: 6 receptions, 48 yards, 1 TD - -UH – Calvin Turner: 10 receptions, 77 yards, 1 TD - - at Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, HI - SJSU – Nick Starkel: 11/23, 167 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 28/42, 238 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT - SJSU – Tyler Nevens: 16 carries, 152 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 11 carries, 36 yards, 1 TD - SJSU – Tre Walker: 2 receptions, 64 yards, 1 TD - -UH – Rico Bussey: 8 receptions, 69 yards, 1 TD - - at Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, HI - UNLV – Max Gilliam: 16/27, 187 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 20/33, 252 yards, 1 INT - UNLV – Charles Williams: 22 carries, 148 yards, 2 TD - -UH – Chevan Cordeiro: 12 carries, 88 yards, 2 TD - UNLV – Kyle Williams: 10 receptions, 144 yards, 1 TD - -UH – Calvin Turner: 2 receptions, 77 yards - - at Toyota Stadium, Frisco, Texas - Source: [45] -",2023-08-26 18:24:41 -"William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven - Wikipedia"," - William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven (14 July 1657 – 26 May 1728) was an English Tory politician and peer who sat in the House of Commons of England from 1681 until 1707 when as a viscount in the Peerage of Scotland he was required to sit in the House of Lords. - Cheyne was the son of Charles Cheyne, 1st Viscount Newhaven, and his wife Lady Jane Cavendish, daughter of the first Duke of Newcastle .[1] He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford, on 14 July 1671 aged 14.[2] - In 1681, Cheyne was elected Member of Parliament for Amersham and sat until 1687.[3] He was elected MP for Appleby in 1689 and sat until 1695.[4] In 1696 he was elected MP for Buckinghamshire and held the seat until 1701.[5] In that time he was three times also elected for Amersham, but chose to sit for Buckinghamshire. He succeeded to the title and the estates at Chelsea on the death of his father in 1698. - He was re-elected MP for Buckinghamshire in 1702 and sat until 1705. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire for six months in 1702 until opposed by the Whigs. He was also given the sinecure of Clerk of the Pipe in 1703 which he was able to keep until 1706 in spite of pressure from the Whigs. He was then elected MP for Amersham and sat until 1707 when under the Acts of Union 1707, having a Scottish peerage, he was required to sit in the House of Lords. He nevertheless retained an interest in politics and in 1711 regained his position as Clerk of the Pipe for life and in 1712 was made Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire for the second time, losing the lieutenancy on the succession of King George I in 1714. - In 1712, he sold the estates in Chelsea to Sir Hans Sloane. Cheyne Walk was named after him.[6][7] - After he died, without heir, in 1728 he was buried in Drayton Beauchamp in Buckinghamshire.[8] He was the last of the Cheyne family after whom Chenies in Buckinghamshire is named. -",2023-08-26 18:24:45 -"United States Post Office (Schuyler, Nebraska) - Wikipedia"," - The United States Post Office is a historic building in Schuyler, Nebraska. It was built by Busboom & Rauh in 1940, and designed in the Moderne style by Louis Simon.[2] Inside, there is a mural by Philip von Saltza.[2] The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 11, 1992.[1] - - This article about a property in Nebraska on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:24:49 -Anastrangalia laetifica - Wikipedia," - Anastrangalia laetifica is a species of beetle from family Cerambycidae found in Canada, United States, and Mexico.[1] The males are all black, while the females have 4 black dots on their red coloured elytra.[2] They feed on Frasera albicaulis.[3] - This Lepturinae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:24:52 -Ampelocissus latifolia - Wikipedia," - Ampelocissus latifolia is a plant in the Vitoideae subfamily of the grape family native to the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan).[1] - It is the type species for the genus of Ampelocissus, and was originally treated under its basionym, Vitis latifolia, which was described scientifically in 1824.[2][3] The species was moved to Ampelocissus by Jules Émile Planchon in 1884.[4] - - This Vitaceae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:24:57 -2023 Intercontinental GT Challenge - Wikipedia,"The 2023 Intercontinental GT Challenge is the eighth season of the Intercontinental GT Challenge. It comprises five rounds starting with the Bathurst 12 Hour on 3 February with the finale at Gulf 12 Hours on 9 December.[1] - Championship points were awarded for the first ten positions in each race. Entries were required to complete 75% of the winning car's race distance in order to be classified and earn points. Individual drivers were required to participate for a minimum of 25 minutes in order to earn championship points in any race. A manufacturer only received points for its two highest placed cars in each round. - The results indicate the classification relative to other drivers in the series, not the classification in the race. - Bold – Pole -Italics – Fastest Lap -",2023-08-26 18:25:01 -IFFHS World's Best Club - Wikipedia,"The IFFHS World's Best Club is a football award given annually since 1991 to the world's best club. The award is given by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), the entity has also produced a monthly Club World Ranking. - The ranking takes into consideration the results of twelve months of continental and intercontinental competitions, national league matches (including play-offs) and the most important national cup (excluding points won before the round of 16). - All countries are rated at four levels based upon the national league performance—clubs in the highest level leagues receive 4 points for each match won, 2 for a draw and 0 for a defeat. Level 2 is assigned 3 pts. (win), 1.5 (draw) and 0 (lost), and so on with the next lower levels. - In continental competitions, all clubs receive the same number of points at all stages regardless of the performance level of their leagues. However, the UEFA Champions League and the Copa Libertadores yield more points than UEFA Europa League and Copa Sudamericana, respectively. The point assignment system is still lower for the AFC, CAF, CONCACAF and OFC continental tournaments. Competitions between two continents are evaluated depending upon their importance. Competitions not organized by a continental confederation, or any intercontinental events not recognized by FIFA, are not taken into consideration. - Bold indicates the World's Best Man Club winner. In 2009, the IFFHS released the results of a statistical study series which determined the best continental clubs of the 20th century.[53] The ranking did not consider the performance of the teams in national football tournaments (except in the Oceania's club ranking due to limited editions held under OFC club competitions), the performance in the intercontinental or worldwide club competitions or those submitted in the IFFHS Club World Ranking, available since 1991.[54] - Based on this study, which assigned a weighted score criteria applied for each competition analysed, the below six clubs were named as ""continental clubs of the century"" by the IFFHS between 10 September and 13 October 2009. These clubs were awarded with a golden trophy and a certificate during the World Football Gala celebrated at Fulham, London, on 11 May 2010.[55][56][57] - In 2012, the IFFHS recognised Barcelona as the World's Best Club Team of the Decade for the first decade of the 21st century (2001–2010).[58] - In 2021, Barcelona were recognised as the world's best club also for the second decade (2011–2020).[66] - Bold indicates the World's Best Woman Club winner. In 2021, Lyon were recognised as the world's best club for the second decade (2011–2020).[93] -",2023-08-26 18:25:05 -Mașcăuți - Wikipedia,"Mașcăuți is a village in Criuleni District, Moldova.[3] - - This Criuleni District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:25:09 -Old Calaboose - Wikipedia,"Old Calaboose, also known as Old Springfield City Jail and South Side Calaboose, is a historic jail located at Springfield, Greene County, Missouri. It was built in 1891, and is a two-story, brick and stone gable front building built in the Palladian and Greek traditions. It measures 26 feet by 26 feet. It was modified in 1921.[2]: 2–3  The building is open to the public.[3] - It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[1] - - This article about a property in Greene County, Missouri on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:25:12 -"Ada River (East Gippsland, Victoria) - Wikipedia"," - The Ada River is a perennial river of the Bemm River catchment, located in the East Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria. - Ada River rises below Mount Ellery, part of the Errinundra Plateau, in remote country in the Errinundra National Park, and flows generally south by east, before reaching its confluence with the Errinundra River, near Tommy Roundhead Hill, northwest of the town of Cann River in the Shire of East Gippsland. The river descends 957 metres (3,140 ft) over its 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) course.[2] - The Ada River sub-catchment area is managed by the East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority. - This article about a location in Gippsland (region) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article related to a river in Victoria (state) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:25:15 -Brasil Sem Homophobia - Wikipedia,"Brazil Without Homophobia (BWH) or Programa Brasil Sem Homophobia is an initiative launched in 2004 by the Special Secretariat for Human Rights meant to tackle homophobia through public policy. - The federal government, through different ministries, works with non-governmental civil society organizations to combat violence and discrimination, promote rights and promote citizenship for the LGBT population. In 1928, sex ed became mandatory due to the concern of safe sex, and being gay. Up until the 19th century, one could serve jail time for being homosexual, and it was still considered a mental illness until 1985.[1] It was not until 2013 that same-sex marriage was legalized,[2] and up until 1997, sex-change surgery was illegal, and doctors would be charged with malpractice.[3] - The 1988 Constitution of the Brazil was created on October 5, 1988. This document addressed women's rights and minority rights. The structure of the constitution puts a large amount of focus on human rights, which paved the way for future legislature that involved specifically LGBT rights.[3] - National conferences to promote unity between the state and the people were held in 2008 and 2011. The main goals are to: - The program operates under the following principles: - The program has been critiqued for not being as sustainable and conducive of large-scale social change due to lack of funding and focus on locality. In general, Brazil's federal system gives the Ministry of Education less power when it comes to curriculum, and more power when it comes to creating policies concerning guidelines and directions. Growing conservatism from religious organizations in opposition to Brazil without Homophobia has also been a challenge. Evangelical Congressional groups called for the suspension of distribution of educational materials for its sexual diversity programs. These programs were in partnership with the Global Alliance for LGBT Education (GALE) and two non-governmental organizations, Pathfinder and Bra. President Rousseff cancelled the distribution on television, taking heat for her choice. Activists began supporting the Workers' Party’s development of LGBT rights. Conservatism was a key reason that the Ministries of Health Education did not install condom dispensers in secondary schools with sexual diversity even though the technical staff had approved it, although the technical staff approved an HIV prevention campaign targeting gay men in the 2012 Carnival: the campaign was cancelled. - From these conferences held in 2008 and 2011 came the First National Conference of Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals, travestis, and Transsexuals, which was held in June of 2008. In 2009, the Inter-Ministerial Technical Commission created the National Plan for the Promotion of LGBT Citizenship and Human Rights in order to battle stereotypes and discrimination on the basis of gender or sexuality, and to start writing policies to encourage human rights, and discourage homophobia. The Special Secretariat for Human Rights helped with the creation of human rights referral centers, which prevent and combat violence caused by homophobia and provides aid to victims.[3] - The Brazilian Ministry of Education's efforts to address discrimination and violence in the public school system began in the mid-1990s with initiatives at the state and municipal level. In December of 1996, Brazil instituted a National Curriculum. The curriculum was made to create inclusive environments, and made sex ed mandatory in schools. The ministry worked to eliminate homophobia by trying to implement workshops and classes for state school teachers about preventing homophobia and respecting sexual diversity as a part of this curriculum. - The Brazilian Ministry of Education implements educational policies stemming from Brazil without Homophobia during national conferences, birthing the “School without Homophobia” program in 2008, which was signed by the National Education Development Fund. They provide subsidies to teachers with pedagogical material in order to address the issues of homophobia within the school system. In part of the effort, The Brazilian Ministry of Education funded a nationwide study that found various acts of homophobic violence and humiliation in 501 public schools. This violence and humiliation explains why travesties in high school often feel excluded and struggle with attendance.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:25:19 -"Lake Norden, South Dakota - Wikipedia"," - Lake Norden is a city in Hamlin County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 554 at the 2020 census.[6] - Lake Norden was laid out in 1908, and named after a lake near the town site.[7] - In May 2023, a fire destroyed the city's volunteer fire department.[8] - Lake Norden is the home of the South Dakota Amateur Baseball Hall of Fame. - The Agropur, Inc. plant in Lake Norden employs roughly as many people as the amount that live in the town. In 2019 the plant completed an addition that tripled daily cheese output to just under a million pounds a day. It produces and ships many food ingredients, including whey protein products and cheeses. - According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.88 square miles (2.28 km2), of which 0.83 square miles (2.15 km2) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2) is water.[9] - As of the census[11] of 2010, there were 467 people, 175 households, and 106 families residing in the city. The population density was 562.7 inhabitants per square mile (217.3/km2). There were 198 housing units at an average density of 238.6 per square mile (92.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% White, 0.4% Native American, 5.6% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.3% of the population. - There were 175 households, of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.4% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.02. - The median age in the city was 46.4 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.5% were from 25 to 44; 21% were from 45 to 64; and 29.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.0% male and 54.0% female. - As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 432 people, 172 households, and 99 families residing in the city. The population density was 654.3 inhabitants per square mile (252.6/km2). There were 193 housing units at an average density of 292.3 per square mile (112.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.92% White, 1.39% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population. 29.6% were of Norwegian, 26.8% German, 14.0% Finnish, and 7.5% Swedish ancestry according to Census 2000. - There were 172 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 3.01. - In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 28.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males. - The median income for a household in the city was $28,194, and the median income for a family was $42,000. Males had a median income of $26,667 versus $14,063 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,852. About 7.4% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 26.4% of those age 65 or over. -",2023-08-26 18:25:23 -Here I Am (Dolly Parton song) - Wikipedia,"""Here I Am"" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. The song was included on her 1971 album Coat of Many Colors. It was recorded on April 27, 1971, at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee, and produced by Bob Ferguson. - Adapted from the album liner notes[1] and RCA recording session records.[2] - In 2018 Parton re-recorded the song as a duet with Australian singer-songwriter Sia for the soundtrack to the 2018 Netflix film, Dumplin'. It was produced by Linda Perry and released as the first single from the soundtrack on September 14, 2018. - Upon its release the single received positive reviews from music critics. Writing for Rolling Stone, Althea Legaspi said Parton and Sia's ""voices meld together, giving it a hymnal quality, buoyed by gospel-styled choir backing vocals.""[3] In a review for NPR Lars Gotrich noted the song's slower tempo compared to the original 1971 recording, calling the single ""a gospel-infused statement of purpose.""[4] - On a list of the 50 best Dolly Parton songs, Rolling Stone magazine ranked ""Here I Am"" at number 25, calling the Sia collaboration a beautiful amplification of the ""desires and assurances of the original.""[5] - The single sold 10,000 copies during its first week of release.[6] It debuted and peaked at No. 37 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. - The music video for the song was released on November 2, 2018. Neither Parton nor Sia appear in the video which follows a mourner visiting a grave, a homeless man begging for change, a child cowering in fear as her mother is abused, and an elderly woman sick in bed. It focuses on the evolution of the characters introduced at the beginning, and leaves viewers with an uplifting message of hope.[7] - Adapted from the album liner notes.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:25:27 -Mammertshofen Castle - Wikipedia,"Mammertshofen Castle is a castle in the municipality of Roggwil of the Canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas47°29′41″N 9°23′53″E / 47.494611°N 9.397943°E / 47.494611; 9.397943 - - This article about a castle in Switzerland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:25:31 -Mazda CX-4 - Wikipedia,"The Mazda CX-4 is a compact crossover SUV that was introduced in April 2016 at the Beijing Motor Show, and is produced and sold exclusively in China by the joint venture FAW Mazda.[1] - The design of the Mazda CX-4 production car was previewed by the concept, the Mazda Koeru. Positioned above the Mazda CX-3, the CX-4 is more similar to a station wagon in profile, while similar to the CX-5 in size.[2] - The CX-4 is offered with a choice of two Skyactiv straight-four engines: A 2.0-litre (PE-VPS) and a 2.5-litre (PY-VPS).[3] The 2.0-liter Skyactiv-G engine produces 158 hp (117 kW) and the 2.5-liter Skyactiv-G engine produces 192 hp (143 kW). The 2.0-liter engine model is only available as a front wheel drive model and offers a choice between a six-speed manual transmission and the Skyactiv-Drive automatic transmission. The 2.5-liter engine model offers AWD and comes standard with the six-speed automatic transmission.[4] - Mazda Koeru at IAA 2015 - Rear view - The 2020 CX-4 facelift was revealed in late 2019. The facelift brings along redesigned bumpers and radiator grille, as well as new tail light patterns. The powertrain remain the same as the pre-facelift models.[4][5] - CX-4 facelift - CX-4 facelift rear view - In January 2018, Zotye Auto unveiled its crossover, the Traum MA501, which bears a striking resemblance to the CX-4.[6] - This article about a modern automobile produced after 1975 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:25:35 -Močići - Wikipedia,"Močići is a village in Croatia. - According to the 2021 census, its population was 426.[1] - This Dubrovnik-Neretva County geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:25:38 -Eastern Conference (NBA) - Wikipedia," - The Eastern Conference is one of two conferences that make up the National Basketball Association (NBA), the other being the Western Conference. Both conferences consist of 15 teams organized into three divisions. - The current divisional alignment was adopted at the start of the 2004–05 season, when the now Charlotte Hornets began play as the NBA's 30th franchise. This necessitated the move of the New Orleans Pelicans from the Eastern Conference's Central Division to the newly created Southwest Division of the Western Conference. - The NBA first started awarding an Eastern Conference championship trophy during the 2000–01 season, renaming it after Hall of Famer Bob Cousy in the 2021–22 season.[1] Also in 2021–22, the league began awarding the Larry Bird Trophy to the Eastern Conference Finals Most Valuable Player, named after Hall of Famer Larry Bird.[2] - Notes -",2023-08-26 18:25:41 -Gurney Pease - Wikipedia," -Sir Joseph Gurney Pease, 5th Baronet (born 16 November 1927) is a British hotelier and a Liberal Party politician. - Gurney Pease is the second son of Alfred Edward Pease, and his 3rd wife, Emily Elizabeth Smith. His elder brother would become Sir Alfred Vincent Pease, 4th Baronet. He was educated at Bootham School,[1] York. In 1953 he married Shelagh Munro Bulman. They have one son, Charles Edward Gurney Pease, and one daughter, Jane Elizabeth Gurney Pease. In 2008 he succeeded his brother Vincent to the family baronetcy.[2] - Gurney Pease was a director and secretary of a private company of hotel proprietors.[3] - In 1950, Gurney Pease was elected to Guisborough Urban District Council, on which he served one three-year term. He was vice-chairman of Darlington Liberal Association.[3] He was Liberal candidate for the Bishop Auckland division of County Durham at the 1959 General Election. - In 1961 he served as President of the North East England Young Liberal Federation.[2] He was Liberal candidate for the Darlington division of County Durham at the 1964 General Election. - In 1969 he was elected to the Liberal Party Council.[2] -He was Liberal candidate for the Westmorland division at the 1970 General Election. - From 1970-71 he served as President of the North West England Regional Liberal Party.[2] -He was Liberal candidate for the Penrith and The Border division at the October 1974 General Election. - He did not stand for parliament again.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:25:45 -National Crime Victimization Survey - Wikipedia,"The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), administered by the US Census Bureau under the Department of Commerce, is a national survey of approximately 49,000[1][contradictory] to 150,000[2] households - with approximately 240,000[3] persons aged 12 or older - twice a year in the United States, on the frequency of crime victimization, as well as characteristics and consequences of victimization. The survey focuses on gathering information on the following crimes: assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, rape, and robbery. The survey results are used for the purposes of building a crime index. It has been used in comparison with the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Incident-Based Reporting System to assess the dark figure of crime.[4] The NCVS survey is comparable to the British Crime Survey conducted in the United Kingdom. - The NCVS began in 1972 and was developed from work done by the National Opinion Research Center and the -President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. A key finding of the survey was the realization that many crimes were not reported to the police. - NCVS surveys households randomly selected from a stratified multistage cluster sample, with the interviews administered by the United States Census Bureau.[5] This methodology has some disadvantages for surveying domestic violence crimes, since the entire selected household (above age 12) is interviewed instead of just one member selected.[5] The selected household remains in the survey sample for three years, with interviews conducted every six months.[6] - NCVS also includes supplemental questions, which allow periodic questions to be asked regarding such topics as school violence or attitudes toward crime or police.[7] - In response to criticism of the survey design, the NCVS was redesigned in the late 1980s. The survey redesign also incorporated improved survey methodology and asks more direct questions. The redesign went through testing and evaluation before being fully implemented in the 1992–1993 survey.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:25:48 -Studio Uno 66 - Wikipedia,"Studio Uno 66 is an album by Italian singer Mina. - The album was released in the spring of 1966, topping the charts and yielding three top fifteen singles - ""Ta-ra-ta-ta"", ""Una casa in cima al mondo"" and ""Se telefonando"".[1] - ""Se telefonando"" is Mina's flawless interpretation of a difficult song, composed and arranged by Ennio Morricone to lyrics by Maurizio Costanzo. The main theme of the song thrills around just three notes, taken from the siren of a police car in Marseilles.[2] In the reader's poll conducted by the la Repubblica newspaper to celebrate Mina's 70th anniversary in 2010, 30,000 voters picked the track as the best song ever recorded by Mina.[3] - BMG reissued the album on CD in 1997. -",2023-08-26 18:25:52 -Quora - Wikipedia," - Quora[5] (/ˈkwɔːrə/) is a social question-and-answer website and online knowledge market headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was founded on June 25, 2009,[6] and made available to the public on June 21, 2010.[7] Users can collaborate by editing questions and commenting on answers that have been submitted by other users.[8] As of 2020, the website was visited by 300 million users a month.[9] - Quora was co-founded by former Facebook employees Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever in June 2009.[3] In an answer to the question, ""How did Adam D'Angelo and Charlie Cheever come up with the name Quora?"" Cheever wrote: - We spent a few hours brainstorming and writing down all the ideas that we could think of. After consulting with friends and eliminating ones we didn't love, we narrowed it down to 5 or 6 finalists, and eventually settled on Quora. The closest competition that [the name] Quora had was Quiver.[10] In March 2010, Quora, Inc. was valued at $86 million.[7] Quora first became available to the public on June 21, 2010, and was praised for its interface and for the quality of the answers written by its users, many of whom were recognized as experts in their fields.[7] Quora's user base increased quickly, and by late December 2010, the site was seeing spikes of visitors five to ten times its usual load—so much that the website initially had difficulties handling the increased traffic.[11] Until 2016, Quora did not show ads because ""...ads can often be negative for user experience. Nobody likes banner ads, ads from shady companies, or ads that are irrelevant to their needs.""[3] - In June 2011, Quora redesigned the navigation and usability of its website.[12] Co-founder Adam D'Angelo compared the redesigned Quora to Wikipedia, and stated that the changes to the website were made on the basis of what had worked and what had not when the website had experienced unprecedented growth six months earlier.[12] In September 2012, co-founder Charlie Cheever stepped down as co-operator of the company, taking an advisory role.[13] The other co-founder, Adam D'Angelo, continued to maintain a high degree of control over the company.[3] - In January 2013, Quora launched a blogging platform allowing users to post non-answer content.[14] Quora launched a full-text search of questions and answers on its website on March 20, 2013,[15] and extended the feature to mobile devices in late May 2013.[16] It also announced in May 2013 that usage metrics had tripled relative to the same time in the prior year.[17] In November 2013, Quora introduced a feature called Stats to allow all Quora users to see summary and detailed statistics of how many people had viewed, upvoted, and shared their questions and answers.[18][19] TechCrunch reported that, although Quora had no immediate plans for monetization, they believed that search ads would likely be their eventual source of revenue.[20] - Quora was evolving into ""a more organized Yahoo Answers, a classier Reddit, an opinionated Wikipedia"", and became popular in tech circles.[3] In April 2014, Quora raised $80 million from Tiger Global at a reported $900 million valuation.[21][22] Quora was one of the Summer 2014 Y Combinator companies,[23] although it was described as ""the oldest Y-Combinator ever"".[24] - In March 2016, Quora acquired the online community website Parlio.[25] - Users were able to add descriptions to questions. On December 8, 2015, these were limited to 800 characters, and questions themselves to 150, not affecting existing questions.[26] On August 3, 2017, question details were discontinued entirely and replaced with an optional source URL input field to provide context, reportedly to encourage users to phrase questions more descriptively. Existing question details were stored in comments under respective questions.[27] - In April 2016, Quora began a limited rollout of advertising on the site.[28] The first ad placement that the company accepted was from Uber. Over the next few years the site began gradually to show more ads, which Vox described in 2019 as ""...still relatively sparse.""[3] - In October 2016, Quora launched a Spanish version of its website to the public;[29] in early 2017, a beta version of Quora in French was announced.[30] In May 2017, beta versions in German and Italian were introduced.[31] In September 2017 a beta version in Japanese was launched.[32] In April 2018, Beta versions in Hindi, Portuguese, and Indonesian were launched.[33] in September 2018, Quora announced that additional versions in Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Dutch were planned.[34] - On February 9, 2017, Quora announced changes to their anonymity feature, detaching anonymous questions and edits from accounts. When asking or answering anonymously, an anonymous edit link is generated, only through which the question or answer can be edited in the future.[35] -Since then, commenting anonymously and toggling one's answer between anonymous and public is no longer possible. These changes went into effect on March 20, 2017. Users were able to request a list of anonymous edit links to their existing anonymous questions and answers until then.[36] - In April 2017, Quora claimed to have 190 million monthly unique visitors, up from 100 million a year earlier. That same month, Quora was reported to have received Series D funding with a valuation of $1.8 billion.[37] - In September 2018, Quora reported that it was receiving 300 million unique visitors every month.[3][37] Despite its large number of registered users, Quora did not possess the same level of mainstream cultural dominance as sites like Twitter, which, at the time, had roughly 326 million registered users.[3][38] This may have been because a large number of registered users on the site did not use it regularly and many did not even know they had accounts since they had either created them unknowingly through other social media sites linked to Quora or created them years previously and forgotten about them.[38][39] Quora uses popups and interstitials to force users to login or register before they can see more of the content, similar to a metered paywall.[40] - In December 2018, Quora announced that approximately 100 million user accounts were affected by a data breach.[38][41] The hacked information included users' names, email addresses, encrypted passwords, data from social networks like Facebook and Twitter if people had chosen to link them to their Quora accounts, questions they had asked, and answers they had written.[41] Adam D'Angelo stated, ""The overwhelming majority of the content accessed was already public on Quora, but the compromise of account and other private information is serious.""[41] Compromised information could also allow hackers to log into a Quora user's connected social media accounts, via access tokens. A class action lawsuit, case number 5:18-cv-07597-BLF, was filed in the Northern District of California, on behalf of named plaintiffs in New Jersey and Colorado by Capstone Law and Franklin D. Azar & Associates, P.C.[42][43] - By May 2019, Quora was valued at $2 billion as a company and it was finalizing a $60 million investment round, which was led by Valor Equity Partners, a private equity firm with ties to Tesla, Inc. and SpaceX.[3] In spite of this, the site still showed very few ads compared to other sites of its kind and the company was still struggling to turn a profit, having made only $20 million in revenue in 2018.[3] Several investors passed on the opportunity to invest in Quora, citing the company's ""poor track record of actually making money.""[3] Schleifer characterized the disparity between Quora's valuation as a company and its actual profits as a result of ""the high valuation for virtually everything these days in the tech sector.""[3] - In December 2019, Quora announced that it would open its first international engineering office in Vancouver, which would deal with machine learning and other engineering functions.[44] That same month, Quora launched its Arabic, Gujarati, Hebrew, Kannada, Malayalam, and Telugu versions.[45] - In January 2020, Quora laid off an undisclosed number of employees at its San Francisco Bay Area and New York offices for financial reasons.[46] - In June 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Adam D'Angelo announced that Quora would permanently allow for remote work.[47][48] - On April 19, Quora eliminated the requirement that users use their real names and allowed users to use pseudonyms.[49] - On August 5, Quora began allowing contributors to monetize their content. In addition, the platform launched a subscription service called Quora+ which allows subscribers to pay a $5 monthly fee or a $50 annual subscription to access content that any creator chooses to put behind a paywall.[50][51] - URLs of questions contain only the question title without a numeric identifier as used on Stack Exchange sites (in addition to a URL slug), and /unanswered/ before the title, if the question is unanswered. - With the help of asynchronous JavaScript and XML, some site functionality resembles instant messaging, such as updating follow counts and an indicator showing that a user is typing an answer.[52] - Prior to April 19, 2021, Quora required users to register with the complete form of their real names rather than an Internet pseudonym or other screen name;[53] although verification of names was not required, false names could be reported by the community. This was done with the ostensible intent of adding credibility to answers. Users have the option to write their answers anonymously. Visitors unwilling to log in or use cookies have had to resort to workarounds to use the site.[54] Users may also log in with their Google or Facebook accounts by using the OpenID protocol. The Real Name Policy was rescinded on April 19, 2021.[49] - As of 2011, the Quora community included answers by some well-known people such as Jimmy Wales, Richard A. Muller, Clayton C. Anderson, Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Adrián Lamo,[55][56] as well as some current and former professional athletic personalities, scientists, and other experts in their fields. - Quora allows users to create user profiles with a name and photo, and access to edit count and other site use statistics. In August 2012, blogger Ivan Kirigin pointed out that acquaintances and followers could see his activity, including which questions he had looked at.[57] In response, Quora stopped showing question views in feeds later that month.[58] By default, Quora exposes its users' profiles to search engines. Users can disable this feature.[59] - Quora has developed its own proprietary algorithm to rank answers, which works similarly to Google's PageRank.[60] Quora uses Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud technology to host the servers that run its website.[61][62] - Currently, Quora has various ways of recommending questions to users:[63] - Quora supports various features to moderate content posted by users. Quora relies on user reporting, and sometimes human moderators, although many complain that most of the more recent moderation actually comes from AI ""bots"" looking for specific keywords in order to flag content, without human beings doing as much supervision as was done when the site was newer and the membership was smaller and more manageable. Many members, and former members whose numbers are rapidly growing, complain that in its current state, there is little logic behind moderation decisions, with racism, misogyny, and hate speech routinely allowed, while legitimate content is deleted if it is reported by those who disagree with said content. Many point to large-scale personnel layoffs as the reason that moderation by AI is often random and illogical, with appeals often ignored. - In November 2012, Quora introduced the Top Writers Program as a way to recognize individuals who had made especially valuable content contributions to the site and encourage them to continue. About 150 writers were chosen each year. Top writers were invited to occasional exclusive events and received gifts such as branded clothing items and books. The company believed that by cultivating a group of core users who were particularly invested in the site, a positive feedback loop of user engagement would be created.[64] - After not selecting any 2019 or 2020 English-language Top Writers, the program was officially retired in April 2021 but will continue in other languages.[65] - Quora was reviewed extensively by the media in 2010.[66][67][68] Quora was hacked in 2018, leading to loss of information of users to hackers.[69] According to Robert Scoble, Quora succeeded in combining attributes of Twitter and Facebook.[70] Later, in 2011, Scoble criticized Quora for being a ""horrid service for blogging"" and, although a decent question and answer website, not substantially better than alternatives.[71] - Quora was highly criticized for removing question details in August 2017. According to some users, the removal of question details limited the ability to submit personal questions and questions requiring code excerpts, multimedia, or complexity of any sort that could not fit into the length limit for a URL.[72][73] According to an official product update announcement, the removal of question details was made to emphasize ""canonical"" questions.[74] - The moderation system of Quora, which relies largely on automation, has been frequently criticized as ineffective, inconsistent, and opaque from the perspective of users. The website automatically flags seemingly innocuous actions (such as pasting a web address in order to cite a source)[75] while appearing to ignore answers, posts, and comments that users have reported as false, highly inflammatory, or harassing.[76] Moderation decisions can be appealed by users, but Quora's handling of appeals is criticized as automated and impersonal, leaving many to wonder how little of the website's moderation is performed by human staff.[75][77][78][79] - The inconsistency of Quora moderation has been blamed for the proliferation of harmful prejudices on the website. In 2014, in addition to being privately harassed, female users noted a ubiquity of pointed, sexist questions about women with more clearly sexist question details whereas the same kinds of questions rephrased to be about men were quickly taken down. One user was subject of a sexually defamatory post containing a photo of her that was taken down by moderation only after the incident was publicized online.[80] There has also been an increase of anti-Semitism on the website, as exemplified by a community for Holocaust denial.[81] - In 2018, the People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, reported on successful results from coordinated use of Quora in foreign propaganda campaigns.[82] -",2023-08-26 18:25:55 -Christopher Schläffer - Wikipedia,"Christopher Schlaeffer (born 23 August 1969) is a European entrepreneur and executive who is the founder, CEO and chairman of London-based technology company NYOUM. Schlaeffer previously served as chief digital officer of VEON, chief product and innovation officer, corporate development officer and chief strategy officer of Deutsche Telekom,[1] chief marketing officer of T-Mobile International, and CEO of T-Online. Schlaeffer is a member of the board at Amnesty International. - Schlaeffer was born on 23 August 1969 and raised by his mother together with 2 brothers and one sister in Maishofen, Austria. He graduated from Vienna University of Economics and Business in 1993, with a thesis on ecological tax reform. - Schlaeffer started his career with Accenture, the international consulting, technology and outsourcing company. - In 1998 he joined Deutsche Telekom, one of the world's leading integrated telecommunications companies. In 2000, at age 31, he became chief strategy officer to play a key role in Deutsche Telekom's transformation.[according to whom?] In 2002 his responsibilities were extended to also include research and development, technology (CTO), and IT (CIO) for the group. - In 2006, Schlaeffer became Deutsche Telekom's chief product and innovation officer and thus in charge of the global product portfolio. In this role he was a member of the group's executive operating board and responsible for strategic partnerships with for example Apple, Samsung and Google.[citation needed] In 2007, Schlaeffer and Tim Cook signed Apple's first partnership on iPhone outside the US. On 23 September 2008, together with Larry Page, Sergey Brin, Andy Rubin, Peter Chou and Cole Brodman, he announced the first mobile phone based on Android, T-Mobile G1.[2][3][4] Schlaeffer also served as last CEO of T-Online, Europe's largest ISP, before it was re-integrated into Deutsche Telekom's fixed-line business. - In 2010, Schlaeffer left Deutsche Telekom to become an entrepreneur and founded Yetu. After 4 years of development at IFA Consumer Electronics Show 2014 in Berlin, Yetu launched the world's first open connected home platform for web applications usable across devices and operating systems.[5] In 2015 Schlaeffer had to wind down[6] Yetu due to a failed funding round, but utilized the open source technology to found NYOUM,[7] a multi-service delivery platform for the connected home. - In 2016 VEON, one of the largest mobile network operators in the world with more than 200 million customers, appointed Schläffer as chief commercial and digital officer and member of its group executive committee to help transform the traditional telco into a tech company out of London.[8][9] In this role, he was instrumental in returning the business to revenue growth, rebranding the company into VEON and the development of a free internet platform integrating communication, messaging and applications into a new eco-system for a contextual internet. - In 2018, Schlaeffer left VEON and returned to being an entrepreneur as founder and executive chairman of NYOUM. In 2021, NYOUM launched its video-first communication platform, Love (styled ""LOVE""), in the US on the iOS operating system.[10][11] In 2022 Love was also launched on the Android operating system and across Asia.[12] - Schlaeffer is the father of 2 daughters and one son. - He is an advocate of an ""eco-social"" market economy, equality and an open information society. Schlaeffer is a member of the board at Amnesty International and the patron of Iamthecode, a charity supporting girls from marginalised communities to become coders.[13] - In 2007, Schlaeffer was recognized as a ""Young Global Leader"" by the World Economic Forum.[citation needed] As founder of Yetu, Schlaeffer received the German energy efficiency prize as well as the ""Landmark in the Land of Ideas"" award, dedicated to the digital revolution by the German federal president in 2015.[14] Schlaeffer was named one of the ""100 Most Innovative Chief Digital Officers globally"" as well as one of the ""Top 50 Innovators To Watch.""[15][16][17] - In 2022, Schlaeffer was honoured as manager of the year in his home country Austria by the Vienna University of Economics.[18] -",2023-08-26 18:25:59 -Warsaw Rabbinical School - Wikipedia,"Warsaw Rabbinical School (Warszawska Szkoła Rabinów) was a Junior High School for Jewish male youth established in 1826 on the basis of the ukase of the emperor Nicholas of July 1, 1825 and existed until the school year 1860/1861.[1] - The idea of such a school had been proposed in 1818 during Tsar Alexander I's visit to Warsaw. The idea of the minister of education, Stanisław Kostka Potocki, was for a Higher Israelite School (Wyższa Szkoła Izraelska), which would train rabbis and schoolteachers.[2] - In four school years the following subjects were taught: Old Testament, Midrash (commentaries on the Holy Scriptures), Talmud, general history, history of Poland, mathematics, geography, Hebrew, Polish, German and French. The graduates from the School were members of the Jewish intelligentsia related with the assimilation movement.[1] - Only a few graduates dedicated themselves to the profession of rabbi. Supplementary classes were planned for them. Most of the graduates formed Warsaw's progressive Jewish elite: entrepreneurs, merchants, scientists, journalists, artists and patrons of the arts. - The founding committee appointed by the government of Congress Poland consisted of three Poles, including Stefan Witwicki. The rabbinical school was headed by Antoni Eisenbaum from its founding until his death in 1852, then by Jakub Tugendhold until its closure in 1862.[3] Jews and Christians worked as teachers. Some of the chief teachers of the school were Aaron Moses Cylkow, father of the Judæo-Polish preacher of Warsaw, Jacob Cylkow (who translated the Psalms into Polish; Warsaw, 1883), Abraham Buchner (author of ""Der Talmud und Seine Nichtigkeit""), and Izaak Kramsztyk. Most classes in the school were taught in Polish.[4] - Altogether about one thousand Jews graduated from the rabbinical school. The school inspired patriotic attitudes. Some students, like Stanislas Hernisz, took part in the November Uprising of 1830–1831. - The Warsaw Rabbinical School was bitterly criticized by the Orthodox Jews’ circles.[1] Throughout Eisenbaum's tenure at the school, rumors abounded that boys attending the school were fed treyf meals and were generally pressed to abandon their religion. It did not help matters that the school inspector was a catholic priest, the Christian Hebraist Luigi Chiarini, a notorious critic of the Talmud.[5] Worse yet, the school's instructor of Hebrew and Bible was Abraham Buchner, like Eisenbaum a radical enlightener, who taught Hebrew using Chiarini's grammar and used Mendelssohn's Biblical commentaries.[5] - -",2023-08-26 18:26:02 -Badnera - Wikipedia," - Badnera is a town in Amravati district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. - This Amravati district, Maharashtra, India location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:26:05 -Chumikan Airport - Wikipedia,"Chumikan Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Чумикан, Aėroport Chumikan) (ICAO: UHHY) is an airport serving Chumikan in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. Per its flight schedule, accessed in December 2016, Khabarovsk Airlines serves the airport with flights to Khabarovsk. -",2023-08-26 18:26:09 -Hail Weston - Wikipedia," - Hail Weston is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England.[2] Hail Weston lies approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of Huntingdon. Hail Weston is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. - In 1085 William the Conqueror ordered that a survey should be carried out across his kingdom to discover who owned which parts and what it was worth. The survey took place in 1086 and the results were recorded in what, since the 12th century, has become known as the Domesday Book. Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.[3] - Hail Weston was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Toseland in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as Westone and Westune in the Domesday Book.[4] In 1086 there were three manors at Hail Weston; the annual rent paid to the lords of the manors in 1066 had been £8.5 and the rent had fallen to £5.25 in 1086.[5] - The Domesday Book does not explicitly detail the population of a place but it records that there were 12 households at Hail Weston.[5] There is no consensus about the average size of a household at that time; estimates range from 3.5 to 5.0 people per household.[6] Using these figures then an estimate of the population of Hail Weston in 1086 is that it was within the range of 42 and 60 people. - The Domesday Book uses a number of units of measure for areas of land that are now unfamiliar terms, such as hides and ploughlands. In different parts of the country, these were terms for the area of land that a team of eight oxen could plough in a single season and are equivalent to 120 acres (49 hectares); this was the amount of land that was considered to be sufficient to support a single family. By 1086, the hide had become a unit of tax assessment rather than an actual land area; a hide was the amount of land that could be assessed as £1 for tax purposes. The survey records that there were 6.5 ploughlands at Hail Weston in 1086 and that there was the capacity for a further 1.5 ploughlands.[5] In addition to the arable land, there was 10 acres (4 hectares) of meadows and 70 acres (28 hectares) of woodland at Hail Weston.[5] - The tax assessment in the Domesday Book was known as geld or danegeld and was a type of land-tax based on the hide or ploughland. It was originally a way of collecting a tribute to pay off the Danes when they attacked England, and was only levied when necessary. Following the Norman Conquest, the geld was used to raise money for the King and to pay for continental wars; by 1130, the geld was being collected annually. Having determined the value of a manor's land and other assets, a tax of so many shillings and pence per pound of value would be levied on the land holder. While this was typically two shillings in the pound the amount did vary; for example, in 1084 it was as high as six shillings in the pound. For the manors at Hail Weston the total tax assessed was four geld.[5] - In 1086 there was no church at Hail Weston. In 1086 the land in Hail Weston was owned by Robert, son of Fafiton, and by Eustace the sheriff. A bridge over the river Kym existed in 1377. - Two fresh water springs in the parish were used for medicinal purposes in the 16th and 17th centuries but later fell into disuse.[7] The civil parish of ""Southoe with Hail Weston"" was abolished in 1935 and the two new parishes of ""Southoe and Midloe"", and Hail Weston were created. - As a civil parish, Hail Weston has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council has seven members and normally meets monthly. - Hail Weston was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Hail Weston became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire. - The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards.[8] Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism.[9] Hail Weston is a part of the district ward of Kimbolton and Staughton and is represented on the district council by one councillor.[10][8] District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council. - For Hail Weston the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services.[11] Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions.[12] Hail Weston is part of the electoral division of Brampton and Kimbolton[10] and is represented on the county council by one councillor.[12] - At Westminster Hail Weston is in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon,[10] and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Hail Weston is represented in the House of Commons by Jonathan Djanogly (Conservative). Jonathan Djanogly has represented the constituency since 2001. The previous member of parliament was John Major (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1983 and 2001. - The village of Hail Weston lies on the southern side of the River Kym (previously known as the River Hail or River Hale) which meanders through the parish towards the river Great Ouse; the parish lies between 62 feet (19 m) and 154 feet (47 m) above ordnance datum and the parish covers an area of 1,977 acres (800 hectares). The River Kym marks the eastern boundary of the parish and there is a ford on the road between Hail Weston and Little Paxton. - The village and parish lies on a bedrock of Oxford clay and in regions there are superficial Glaciofluvial and River Terrace deposits of sand and gravel from the Quaternary period, together with alluvium (clay and silt) from the same period.[13] Generally, the soil in the parish is classified as a lime-rich loamy soil with impeded drainage. The main agricultural land use within the parish of Hail Weston is arable farming, with grassland adjacent to the river Kym and a wooded area to the south-west of the parish. - The usual resident population of Hail Weston in the 2011 census was 610 of whom 50.8% were male and 49.2% female;[1] the population density was 197.5 persons per square mile (76.3 per km2). There were 240 households; 17.5% of these households consisted of one person, 80.0% contained one family group and there were 2.5% of other household types. The census also showed that 30.4% of households had one or more dependent children under the age of 18, and 19.6% of households consisted of people who were all over the age of 65. The mean average number of people per household was 2.5 people.[14] - Of the usual resident population, 23.0% were under the age of 18 years, 60.7% were between 18 and 65 years old, and 16.4% were over the age of 65 years.[15] In 2011, 74% of the residents of Hail Weston were between the ages of 16 years and 74 years old and considered to be potentially economically active; of these, 68% were involved in part-time, full-time or self-employment. The five major industry sectors of the economically active residents of Hail Weston are shown in the table below:[16] - Hail Weston is in the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) called ""Huntingdonshire 015C"", which in 2015, was ranked 24,141 out of 32,844 LSOAs in England against the index of multiple deprivation. This indicates that Hail Weston is amongst the 30% least deprived neighbourhoods in England.[17] - The 2011 census showed that 92.6% of the residents of Hail Weston were born in the United Kingdom, with 3.1% of residents coming from other European Union countries, and 4.3% coming from the rest of the world.[18] At the same time, 97.7% of people in Hail Weston described themselves as ethnic white, 1.5% as having mixed or multiple ethnic groups, and 0.7% as being Asian or British Asian, with the remainder in another ethnic group.[19] In that same census, 68.2% described themselves as Christian, 23.3% said they had no religious beliefs, 7.9% did not specify a religion, and 0.7% described themselves as belonging to another religion.[20] - The population of Hail Weston that was recorded at the UK censuses between 1801 and 1901 ranged between 258 and 423. - -Census: Hail Weston 1801–1971[21] -Census Population: Hail Weston 1951, 1971, 1991[22] -Census Population: Hail Weston 2001–2011[1][23] - - In the 19th century, the village had three public houses: the Royal Oak Pub, the Crown (which closed 2001), and another whose name is not currently recorded.[24] Situated in the centre of the village, the Royal Oak Pub is a grade II listed, thatched-roof pub, dating to at least the 17th century but the public house was closed in January 2012. A community action group was formed to attempt to buy the Royal Oak and run it as a co-operative community pub. In January 2013 the Royal Oak was registered as an Asset of Community Value under the Localism Act 2011.[25] It reopened as a pub in May 2017. - The Church school in Hail Weston closed in 1966 and the building is now used as a village hall and currently houses the Hail Weston Pre-school Activity Group. The 1881 UK census listed a number of shops, a bakery and a post office in the village but these have all closed.[26] - The poem ""The Holy Wells of Hailweston"" written by Michael Drayton in 1622 celebrates the healing powers of the spring water from Hail Weston. - The B645 road passes by the southern edge of the village, linking it with Eaton Socon and the A1 trunk road to the east and Kimbolton to the west. The B645 was downgraded from the A45 when the new A14 A1-M1 link road was opened to traffic in the mid-1990s. Route 12 of the National Cycle Network is a 121 miles (195 km) route from Enfield Lock to Spalding and passes through the village of Hail Weston. It is 1.7 miles (2.7 km) from Hail Weston to the nearest railway station at St Neots which is on the East Coast Main Line where regular services run south to London and run north to Huntingdon, Peterborough and beyond. - The church at Hail Weston is a Grade II* listed building that is dedicated to St Nicolas and consists of a chancel, nave, west tower and south porch. The church was originally built in the 13th century, with some rebuilding in the 15th century; the tower was built in the 16th century, and is unusual for being constructed of timber. The church was completely restored in 1884, when the south porch was added. The tower contains three bells which have been there since 1709.[7] Hail Weston is part of the same ecclesiastical parish as neighbouring Southoe and is in the deanery of St Neots within the diocese of Ely. - In 1691 a non-conformist church was formed at Hail Weston and at first they met in a barn until a chapel was built in 1759; the chapel was registered in 1904.[27] - Media related to Hail Weston at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 18:26:12 -Michelle Dean - Wikipedia,"Michelle Dean (born 1979) is a journalist and critic from Canada.[1][2][3][4] - She received a B.A. in history from McGill University in 2002 and a law degree in 2005. She worked at White & Case from 2005 to 2010.[5] She received a master's degree in Law from the University of Toronto in 2011. - She currently lives and works in the United States. - Dean was honored in 2016 with the National Book Critics' Circle's Nona Balakian Citation for Excellence in Reviewing. Her work has appeared in The New Yorker, The New Republic, The New York Times Magazine, and Elle. Her first book, Sharp: The Women Who Made an Art of Having an Opinion, was published by Grove Atlantic in 2018.[6] - She is also the co-creator and executive producer of the Hulu series The Act. The show was based on Dean's reporting. - -",2023-08-26 18:26:16 -Timothy Leary - Wikipedia," - Psychedelic film - Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and author known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs.[2][3] Evaluations of Leary are polarized, ranging from bold oracle to publicity hound. According to poet Allen Ginsberg, he was ""a hero of American consciousness"", and writer Tom Robbins called him a ""brave neuronaut"".[4] During the 1960s and 1970s, Leary was arrested 36 times;[5] President Richard Nixon allegedly described him as ""the most dangerous man in America"".[B] - As a clinical psychologist at Harvard University, Leary founded the Harvard Psilocybin Project after a revealing experience with magic mushrooms he had in Mexico. He led the Project from 1960 to 1962, testing the therapeutic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, which were legal in the U.S., in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. Other Harvard faculty questioned his research's scientific legitimacy and ethics because he took psychedelics himself along with his subjects and allegedly pressured students to join in.[7][8][9] Harvard fired Leary and his colleague Richard Alpert (later known as Ram Dass) in May 1963.[10] Many people only learned of psychedelics after the Harvard scandal.[11] - Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry. He also developed a philosophy of mind expansion and personal truth through LSD.[12][13] After leaving Harvard, he continued to publicly promote psychedelic drugs and became a well-known figure of the counterculture of the 1960s. He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as ""turn on, tune in, drop out"", ""set and setting"", and ""think for yourself and question authority"". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist, concepts of space migration, intelligence increase, and life extension (SMI²LE).[14] Leary developed an eight-circuit model of consciousness in his 1977 book Exo-Psychology and gave lectures, occasionally calling himself a ""performing philosopher"".[15] - Leary was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, an only child[6] in an Irish Catholic household. His father, Timothy ""Tote"" Leary, was a dentist who left his wife Abigail Ferris when Timothy was 14.[16] He graduated from Classical High School in Springfield.[17] - Leary attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, from 1938 to 1940. Under pressure from his father, he left to become a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. In the first months as a ""plebe"", he received numerous demerits for rule infractions and then got into serious trouble for failing to report rule breaking by cadets he supervised. He was also accused of going on a drinking binge and failing to admit it, and was asked by the Honor Committee to resign. He refused and was ""silenced""—that is, shunned by fellow cadets. He was acquitted by a court-martial, but the silencing continued, as well as the onslaught of demerits for small rule infractions. In his sophomore year, his mother appealed to a family friend, United States Senator David I. Walsh, head of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee, who investigated personally. The Honor Committee quietly revised its position and announced that it would abide by the court-martial verdict. Leary then resigned and was honorably discharged by the Army.[18] About 50 years later he said that it was ""the only fair trial I've had in a court of law"".[19] - To his family's chagrin, Leary transferred to the University of Alabama in late 1941 because it admitted him so expeditiously. He enrolled in the university's ROTC program, maintained top grades, and began to cultivate academic interests in psychology (under the aegis of the Middlebury and Harvard-educated Donald Ramsdell) and biology. Leary was expelled a year later for spending a night in the female dormitory and lost his student deferment in the midst of World War II. - Leary was drafted into the United States Army and received basic training at Fort Eustis in 1943. He remained in the non-commissioned officer track while enrolled in the psychology subsection of the Army Specialized Training Program, including three months of study at Georgetown University and six months at Ohio State University.[20] With limited need for officers late in the war, Leary was briefly assigned as a private first class to the Pacific War-bound 2d Combat Cargo Group (which he later characterized as ""a suicide command ... whose main mission, as far as I could see, was to eliminate the entire civilian branch of American aviation from post-war rivalry"") at Syracuse Army Air Base in Mattydale, New York.[21] After a fateful reunion with Ramsdell (who was assigned to Deshon General Hospital in Butler, Pennsylvania, as chief psychologist) in Buffalo, New York, he was promoted to corporal and reassigned to his mentor's command as a staff psychometrician.[20] He remained in Deshon's deaf rehabilitation clinic for the remainder of the war. - While stationed in Butler, Leary courted Marianne Busch; they married in April 1945. Leary was discharged at the rank of sergeant in January 1946, having earned such standard decorations as the Good Conduct Medal, the American Defense Service Medal, the American Campaign Medal, and the World War II Victory Medal.[22] - As the war concluded, Leary was reinstated at the University of Alabama and received credit for his Ohio State psychology coursework. He completed his degree via correspondence courses and graduated in August 1945. After receiving his undergraduate degree, Leary pursued an academic career. In 1946, he received a M.S. in psychology at the State College of Washington in Pullman, where he studied under educational psychologist Lee Cronbach. His M.S. thesis was on clinical applications of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.[23] - In 1947, Marianne gave birth to their first child, Susan. Their son, Jack, arrived two years later. In 1950, Leary received a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of California, Berkeley.[24] In the postwar era, Leary was galvanized by the objectivity of modern physics;[25] his doctoral dissertation (The Social Dimensions of Personality: Group Process and Structure)[26] approached group therapy as a ""psychlotron""[27] from which behavioral characteristics could be derived and quantified in a manner analogous to the periodic table, foreshadowing his later development of the interpersonal circumplex. - Leary stayed on in the Bay Area as an assistant clinical professor of medical psychology at the University of California, San Francisco; concurrently, he co-founded Kaiser Hospital's psychology department in Oakland, California, and maintained a private consultancy.[28][C] In 1952, the Leary family spent a year in Spain, living on a research grant. According to Berkeley colleague Marv Freedman, ""Something had been stirred in him in terms of breaking out of being another cog in society.""[29] - Leary's marriage was strained by infidelity and mutual alcohol abuse. Marianne eventually died by suicide in 1955, leaving him to raise their son and daughter alone.[6] He described himself during this period as ""an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove home each night and drank martinis ... like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots"".[30][31] - From 1954[C] or 1955 to 1958, Leary directed psychiatric research at the Kaiser Family Foundation.[32] In 1957, he published The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality, which the Annual Review of Psychology called the ""most important book on psychotherapy of the year"".[33] - In 1958, the National Institute of Mental Health terminated Leary's research grant after he failed to meet with a NIMH investigator. Leary and his children relocated to Europe, where he attempted to write his next book while subsisting on small grants and insurance policies.[34][35] His stay in Florence was unproductive and indigent, prompting a return to academe. - In late 1959, Leary started as a lecturer in clinical psychology at Harvard University at the behest of Frank Barron (a colleague from Berkeley) and David McClelland. Leary and his children lived in Newton, Massachusetts. In addition to teaching, Leary was affiliated with the Harvard Center for Research in Personality under McClelland. He oversaw the Harvard Psilocybin Project and conducted experiments in conjunction with assistant professor Richard Alpert. In 1963, Leary was terminated for failing to attend scheduled class lectures, though he maintained that he had met his teaching obligations.[36] The decision to dismiss him may have been influenced by his promotion of psychedelic drug use among Harvard students and faculty. The drugs were legal at the time.[37] - Leary's work in academic psychology expanded on the research of Harry Stack Sullivan and Karen Horney, which sought to better understand interpersonal processes to help diagnose disorders. Leary's dissertation developed the interpersonal circumplex model, later published in The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality.[38] The book demonstrated how psychologists could use Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores to predict how respondents might react to various interpersonal situations. Leary's research was an important harbinger of transactional analysis, directly prefiguring the popular work of Eric Berne.[39][40] - On May 13, 1957, Life magazine published ""Seeking the Magic Mushroom"", an article by R. Gordon Wasson about the use of psilocybin mushrooms in religious rites of the indigenous Mazatec people of Mexico.[41] Anthony Russo, a colleague of Leary's, had experimented with psychedelic Psilocybe mexicana mushrooms on a trip to Mexico and told Leary about it. In August 1960,[42] Leary traveled to Cuernavaca, Mexico, with Russo and consumed psilocybin mushrooms for the first time, an experience that drastically altered the course of his life.[43] In 1965, Leary said that he had ""learned more about ... [his] brain and its possibilities ... [and] more about psychology in the five hours after taking these mushrooms than ... in the preceding 15 years of studying and doing research"".[43] - Back at Harvard, Leary and his associates (notably Alpert) began a research program known as the Harvard Psilocybin Project. The goal was to analyze the effects of psilocybin on human subjects (first prisoners, and later Andover Newton Theological Seminary students) from a synthesized version of the drug, one of two active compounds found in a wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms, including Psilocybe mexicana. Psilocybin was produced in a process developed by Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, who was famous for synthesizing LSD.[44] - Beat poet Allen Ginsberg heard about the Harvard research project and asked to join. Leary was inspired by Ginsberg's enthusiasm, and the two shared an optimism that psychedelics could help people discover a higher level of consciousness. They began introducing psychedelics to intellectuals and artists including Jack Kerouac, Maynard Ferguson, Charles Mingus and Charles Olson.[45] - Leary argued that psychedelic substances—in proper doses, a stable setting, and under the guidance of psychologists—could benefit behavior in ways not easily obtained by regular therapy. He experimented in treating alcoholism and reforming criminals, and many of his subjects said they had profound mystical and spiritual experiences that permanently improved their lives.[46] - The Concord Prison Experiment evaluated the use of psilocybin and psychotherapy in the rehabilitation of released prisoners. Thirty-six prisoners were reported to have repented and sworn off criminality after Leary and his associates guided them through the psychedelic experience. The overall recidivism rate for American prisoners was 60%, whereas the rate for those in Leary's project reportedly dropped to 20%. The experimenters concluded that long-term reduction in criminal recidivism could be effected with a combination of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy (inside the prison) along with a comprehensive post-release follow-up support program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous.[47][48] - The Concord conclusions were contested in a follow-up study on the basis of time differences monitoring the study group vs. the control group and differences between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations and those imprisoned for new crimes. The researchers concluded that statistically only a slight improvement could be attributed to psilocybin, in contrast to the significant improvement reported by Leary and his colleagues.[49] Rick Doblin suggested that Leary had fallen prey to the Halo Effect, skewing the results and clinical conclusions. Doblin further accused Leary of lacking ""a higher standard"" or ""highest ethical standards in order to regain the trust of regulators"". Ralph Metzner rebuked Doblin for these assertions: ""In my opinion, the existing accepted standards of honesty and truthfulness are perfectly adequate. We have those standards, not to curry favor with regulators, but because it is the agreement within the scientific community that observations should be reported accurately and completely. There is no proof in any of this re-analysis that Leary unethically manipulated his data.""[50][51] - Leary and Alpert founded the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF) in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to carry out studies in the religious use of psychedelic drugs.[52][53] This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning), a friend of Leary.[54][55] The Harvard Crimson called her a ""disciple"" who ran a Psychedelic Information Center out of her home and published a national LSD newspaper.[56] That publication was actually Leary and Alpert's journal Psychedelic Review and Bieberman (a graduate of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, who had volunteered for Leary as a student) was its circulation manager.[57][58] Leary's and Alpert's research attracted so much attention that many who wanted to participate in the experiments had to be turned away. To satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away, a black market for psychedelics sprang up near the Harvard campus.[9] - Other professors in the Harvard Center for Research in Personality raised concerns about the experiments' legitimacy and safety.[7][8][59] Leary and Alpert taught a class that was required for graduation and colleagues felt they were abusing their power by pressuring graduate students to take hallucinogens in the experiments. Leary and Alpert also went against policy by giving psychedelics to undergraduate students and did not select participants through random sampling. It was also ethically questionable that the researchers sometimes took hallucinogens along with the subjects they were studying. These concerns were printed in The Harvard Crimson, leading the university to halt the experiments. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health launched an investigation that was later dropped but the university eventually fired Leary and Alpert. - According to Andrew Weil, Leary (who held an untenured teaching appointment) was fired for missing his scheduled lectures, while Alpert (a tenure-track assistant professor) was dismissed for allegedly giving an undergraduate psilocybin in an off-campus apartment.[9][60] Harvard President Nathan Pusey released a statement on May 27, 1963, reporting that Leary had left campus without authorization and ""failed to keep his classroom appointments"". His salary was terminated on April 30, 1963.[36] - Leary's psychedelic experimentation attracted the attention of three heirs to the Mellon fortune, siblings Peggy, Billy, and Tommy Hitchcock. In 1963, they gave Leary and his associates access to a sprawling 64-room mansion on an estate in Millbrook, New York, where they continued their psychedelic sessions. Peggy directed the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF)'s New York branch, and Billy rented the estate to IFIF.[61] Leary and Alpert set up a communal group with former Psilocybin Project members at the Hitchcock Estate (commonly known as ""Millbrook""). One of the IFIF's founding board members, Paul Lee, a Harvard theologian, a participant at Marsh Chapel and a member of the Leary circle, said of the group's formation: - There was a big discussion about whether to go underground with it and make it a kind of secret initiation issue, or go public. But Leary was an Irish revolutionary and he wanted to shout it from the rooftops. So it went that way. It simply became a tsunami.[62] The IFIF was reconstituted as the Castalia Foundation after the intellectual colony in Hermann Hesse's 1943 novel The Glass Bead Game.[63][64][65] The Castalia group's journal was the Psychedelic Review.[64] The core group at Millbrook wanted to cultivate the divinity within each person and regularly joined LSD sessions facilitated by Leary.[64] The Castalia Foundation also hosted non-drug weekend retreats for meditation, yoga, and group therapy.[65][66] Leary later wrote: - We saw ourselves as anthropologists from the 21st century inhabiting a time module set somewhere in the dark ages of the 1960s. On this space colony we were attempting to create a new paganism and a new dedication to life as art.[67] Lucy Sante of The New York Times later described the Millbrook estate as: - the headquarters of Leary and gang for the better part of five years, a period filled with endless parties, epiphanies and breakdowns, emotional dramas of all sizes, and numerous raids and arrests, many of them on flimsy charges concocted by the local assistant district attorney, G. Gordon Liddy.[68] Others contest the characterization of Millbrook as a party house. In The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Tom Wolfe portrays Leary as using psychedelics only for research, not recreation. When Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters visited the estate, they received a frosty reception.[69] Leary had the flu and did not play host.[70] After a private meeting with Kesey and Ken Babbs in his room, he promised to remain an ally in the years ahead.[71] - In 1964, Leary, Alpert, and Ralph Metzner coauthored The Psychedelic Experience, based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead. In it, they wrote: - A psychedelic experience is a journey to new realms of consciousness. The scope and content of the experience is limitless, but its characteristic features are the transcendence of verbal concepts, of spacetime dimensions, and of the ego or identity. Such experiences of enlarged consciousness can occur in a variety of ways: sensory deprivation, yoga exercises, disciplined meditation, religious or aesthetic ecstasies, or spontaneously. Most recently they have become available to anyone through the ingestion of psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, etc. Of course, the drug does not produce the transcendent experience. It merely acts as a chemical key—it opens the mind, frees the nervous system of its ordinary patterns and structures.[72] Leary married model Birgitte Caroline ""Nena"" von Schlebrügge in 1964 at Millbrook. Both Nena and her brother Bjorn were friends of the Hitchcocks. D. A. Pennebaker, also a Hitchcock friend, and cinematographer Nicholas Proferes documented the event in the short film You're Nobody Till Somebody Loves You.[73] Charles Mingus played piano. The marriage lasted a year before von Schlebrügge divorced Leary in 1965. She married Indo-Tibetan Buddhist scholar and ex-monk Robert Thurman in 1967 and gave birth to Ganden Thurman that same year. Actress Uma Thurman, her second child, was born in 1970. - Leary met Rosemary Woodruff in 1965 at a New York City art exhibit, and invited her to Millbrook.[74][75][76] After moving in, she co-edited the manuscript for Leary's 1966 book Psychedelic Prayers: And Other Meditations with Ralph Metzner and Michael Horowitz.[77] The poems in the book were inspired by the Tao Te Ching, and meant to be used as an aid to LSD trips.[77][78] Woodruff helped Leary prepare weekend multimedia workshops simulating the psychedelic experience, which were presented around the East Coast.[77] - In September 1966, Leary said in a Playboy magazine interview that LSD could cure homosexuality. According to him, a lesbian became heterosexual after using the drug.[79][80] Like most of the psychiatric field, he later decided that homosexuality was not an illness.[D] - By 1966, use of psychedelics by America's youth had reached such proportions that serious concern about the drugs and their effect on American culture was expressed in the national press and halls of government. In response to this concern, Senator Thomas Dodd convened Senate subcommittee hearings to try to better understand the drug-use phenomenon, eventually with the intention of ""stamping out"" such usage by criminalizing it. Leary was one of several expert witnesses called to testify at these hearings. In his testimony, Leary said, ""the challenge of the psychedelic chemicals is not just how to control them, but how to use them.""[81] He implored the subcommittee not to criminalize psychedelic drug use, which he felt would only serve to exponentially increase its usage among America's youth while removing the safeguards that controlled ""set and setting"" provided. When subcommittee member Ted Kennedy asked Leary whether LSD usage was ""extremely dangerous"", Leary replied, ""Sir, the motorcar is dangerous if used improperly...Human stupidity and ignorance is the only danger human beings face in this world.""[82] To conclude his testimony, Leary suggested that legislation be enacted that would require LSD users to be adults who were competently trained and licensed, so that such individuals could use LSD ""for serious purposes, such as spiritual growth, pursuit of knowledge, or their own personal development.""[83] He argued that without such licensing, the U.S. would face ""another era of prohibition.""[84] Leary's testimony proved ineffective; on October 6, 1966, just months after the subcommittee hearings, LSD was banned in California, and by October 1968, it was banned nationwide by the Staggers-Dodd Bill.[85] - In 1966, Folkways Records recorded Leary reading from his book The Psychedelic Experience, and released the album The Psychedelic Experience: Readings from the Book ""The Psychedelic Experience. A Manual Based on the Tibetan..."".[86] - On September 19, 1966, Leary reorganized the IFIF/Castalia Foundation under the name the League for Spiritual Discovery, a religion with LSD as its holy sacrament, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for the religion's adherents, based on a ""freedom of religion"" argument.[65][66] Leary incorporated the League for Spiritual Discovery as a religious organization in New York State, and its dogma was based on Leary's mantra: ""drop out, turn on, tune in"".[65] (The Brotherhood of Eternal Love later considered Leary its spiritual leader, but it did not develop out of the IFIF.) Nicholas Sand, the clandestine chemist for the Brotherhood of Eternal Love, followed Leary to Millbrook and joined the League for Spiritual Discovery. Sand was designated the ""alchemist"" of the new religion.[87] At the end of 1966, Nina Graboi, a friend and colleague of Leary's who had spent time with him at Millbrook, became the director of the Center for the League of Spiritual Discovery in Greenwich Village.[88][89] The Center opened in March 1967.[90] Leary and Alpert gave free weekly talks there; other guest speakers included Ralph Metzner and Allen Ginsberg.[88][91] Leary's papers at the New York Public Library include complete records of the IFIF, the Castalia Foundation, and the League for Spiritual Discovery.[92] - In late 1966 and early 1967, Leary toured college campuses presenting a multimedia performance called ""The Death of the Mind"", attempting an artistic replication of the LSD experience.[63][93] He said that the League for Spiritual Discovery was limited to 360 members and was already at its membership limit, but encouraged others to form their own psychedelic religions. He published a pamphlet in 1967 called Start Your Own Religion to encourage people to do so.[63] - Leary was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In by Michael Bowen, the primary organizer of the event,[94] a gathering of 30,000 hippies in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. In speaking to the group, Leary coined the famous phrase ""Turn on, tune in, drop out"". In a 1988 interview with Neil Strauss, he said the slogan was ""given to him"" by Marshall McLuhan when the two had lunch in New York City, adding, ""Marshall was very much interested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, 'Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundred micrograms, that's a lot,' to the tune of [the well-known Pepsi 1950s singing commercial]. Then he started going, 'Tune in, turn on, and drop out.'""[95] Though the more popular ""turn on, tune in, drop out"" became synonymous with Leary, his actual definition with the League for Spiritual Discovery was: ""Drop Out—detach yourself from the external social drama which is as dehydrated and ersatz as TV. Turn On—find a sacrament which returns you to the temple of God, your own body. Go out of your mind. Get high. Tune In—be reborn. Drop back in to express it. Start a new sequence of behavior that reflects your vision.""[65] - Repeated FBI raids ended the Millbrook era. Leary told author and Prankster Paul Krassner of a 1966 raid by Liddy, ""He was a government agent entering our bedroom at midnight. We had every right to shoot him. But I've never owned a weapon in my life. I have never had and never will have a gun around.""[96] - In November 1967, Leary engaged in a televised debate on drug use with MIT professor Jerry Lettvin.[97] - At the end of 1967, Leary moved to Laguna Beach, California, and made many friends in Hollywood. ""When he married his third wife, Rosemary Woodruff, in 1967, the event was directed by Ted Markland of Bonanza. All the guests were on acid.""[6] - In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Leary formulated what became his eight-circuit model of consciousness in collaboration with writer Brian Barritt. The essay ""The Seven Tongues of God"" claimed that human brains have seven circuits producing seven levels of consciousness. This later became seven circuits in Leary's 1973 monograph Neurologic, which he wrote while he was in prison. The eight-circuit idea was not exhaustively formulated until the publication of Exo-Psychology by Leary and Robert Anton Wilson's Cosmic Trigger in 1977. Wilson contributed to the model after befriending Leary in the early 1970s, and used it as a framework for further exposition in his book Prometheus Rising, among other works.[E] - Leary believed that the first four of these circuits (""the Larval Circuits"" or ""Terrestrial Circuits"") are naturally accessed by most people at transition points in life such as puberty. The second four circuits (""the Stellar Circuits"" or ""Extra-Terrestrial Circuits""), Leary wrote, were ""evolutionary offshoots"" of the first four that would be triggered at transition points as humans evolve further. These circuits, according to Leary, would equip humans to live in space and expand consciousness for further scientific and social progress. Leary suggested that some people might trigger these circuits sooner through meditation, yoga, or psychedelic drugs specific to each circuit. He suggested that the feelings of floating and uninhibited motion sometimes experienced with marijuana demonstrated the purpose of the higher four circuits. The function of the fifth circuit was to accustom humans to life at a zero gravity environment.[98] Leary did not specify the location of the eight circuits in any brain structures, neural organization, or chemical pathways.[99] He wrote that a higher intelligence ""located in interstellar nuclear-gravitational-quantum structures"" gave humans the eight circuits. A ""U.F.O. message"" was encoded in human DNA.[100] - Many researchers believed that Leary provided little scientific evidence for his claims. Even before he began working on psychedelics, he was known as a theoretician rather than a data collector. His most ambitious pre-psychedelic work was Interpersonal Diagnosis Of Personality. The reviewer for The British Medical Journal, H. J. Eysenck, wrote that Leary created a confusing and overly broad rubric for testing psychiatric conditions. ""Perhaps the worst failing of the book is the omission of any kind of proof for the validity and reliability of the diagnostic system,"" Eysenck wrote. ""It is simply not enough to say"" that the accuracy of the system ""can be checked by the reader"" in clinical practice.[101] In 1965, Leary co-edited The Psychedelic Reader. Penn State psychology researcher Jerome E. Singer reviewed the book and singled out Leary as the worst offender in a work containing ""melanges of hucksterism"". In place of scientific data about the effects of LSD, Leary used metaphors about ""galaxies spinning"" faster than the speed of light and a cerebral cortex ""turned on to a much higher voltage"".[102] - Leary's first run-in with the law came on December 23, 1965, when he was arrested for marijuana possession.[103][104] Leary took his two children, Jack and Susan, and his girlfriend Rosemary Woodruff to Mexico for an extended stay to write a book. On their return from Mexico to the United States, a US Customs Service official found marijuana in Susan's underwear. They had crossed into Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, in the late afternoon and discovered that they would have to wait until morning for the appropriate visa for an extended stay. They decided to cross back into Texas to spend the night, and were on the US–Mexico bridge when Rosemary remembered that she had a small amount of marijuana in her possession. It was impossible to throw it out on the bridge, so Susan put it in her underwear.[105][106] After taking responsibility for the controlled substance, Leary was convicted of possession under the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 on March 11, 1966, sentenced to 30 years in prison, fined $30,000, and ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment. He appealed the case on the basis that the Marihuana Tax Act was unconstitutional, as it required a degree of self-incrimination in blatant violation of the Fifth Amendment. - On December 26, 1968, Leary was arrested again in Laguna Beach, California, this time for the possession of two marijuana ""roaches"". Leary alleged that they were planted by the arresting officer, but was convicted of the crime. On May 19, 1969, The Supreme Court concurred with Leary in Leary v. United States, declared the Marihuana Tax Act unconstitutional, and overturned his 1965 conviction.[F] - On that same day, Leary announced his candidacy for governor of California against the Republican incumbent, Ronald Reagan. His campaign slogan was ""Come together, join the party."" On June 1, 1969, Leary joined John Lennon and Yoko Ono at their Montreal bed-in, and Lennon subsequently wrote Leary a campaign song called ""Come Together"".[107] - On January 21, 1970, Leary received a ten-year sentence for his 1968 offense, with a further ten added later while in custody for a prior arrest in 1965, for a total of 20 years to be served consecutively. On his arrival in prison, he was given psychological tests used to assign inmates to appropriate work details. Having designed some of these tests himself (including the ""Leary Interpersonal Behavior Inventory""), Leary answered them in such a way that he seemed to be a very conforming, conventional person with a great interest in forestry and gardening.[108] As a result, he was assigned to work as a gardener in a lower-security prison from which he escaped in September 1970, saying that his nonviolent escape was a humorous prank and leaving a challenging note for the authorities to find after he was gone.[109] - For a fee of $25,000, paid by The Brotherhood of Eternal Love, the Weathermen smuggled Leary out of prison in a pickup truck driven by Clayton Van Lydegraf.[110] The truck met Leary after he had escaped over the prison wall by climbing along a telephone wire. The Weathermen then helped both Leary and Rosemary out of the U.S. (and eventually into Algeria).[111] He sought the patronage of Eldridge Cleaver for $10,000 and the remnants of the Black Panther Party's ""government in exile"" in Algeria, but after a short stay with them said that Cleaver had attempted to hold him and his wife hostage.[112][113] Cleaver had put Leary and his wife under ""house arrest"" due to exasperation with their socialite lifestyle.[113] - In 1971, the couple fled to Switzerland, where they were sheltered and effectively imprisoned by a high-living arms dealer, Michel Hauchard, who claimed he had an ""obligation as a gentleman to protect philosophers""; Hauchard intended to broker a surreptitious film deal, and forced Leary to assign his future earnings (which Leary eventually won back).[68][114] In 1972, Nixon's attorney general, John Mitchell, persuaded the Swiss government to imprison Leary, which it did for a month, but refused to extradite him to the U.S.[114] - Leary and Rosemary separated later that year; she traveled widely, then moved back to the U.S., where she lived as a fugitive until the 1990s.[114][106] Shortly after his separation from Rosemary in 1972, Leary became involved with Swiss-born British socialite Joanna Harcourt-Smith, a stepdaughter of financier Árpád Plesch and ex-girlfriend of Hauchard.[114] The couple married in a hotel under the influence of cocaine and LSD[citation needed] two weeks after they were introduced, and Harcourt-Smith used his surname until their breakup in 1977. They traveled to Vienna, then Beirut, and finally ended up in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1972; according to Lucy Sante, ""Afghanistan had no extradition treaty with the United States, but this stricture did not apply to American airliners.""[68] American authorities used that interpretation of the law to interdict Leary. ""Before Leary could deplane, he was arrested by an agent of the federal Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.""[68] Leary asserted a different story on appeal before the California Court of Appeal for the Second District, namely:[115] - He testified further that he had a valid passport in Kabul and that it was confiscated while he was in a line at the American Embassy in Kabul a few days prior to the day when he boarded the airplane; after his passport was confiscated, he was taken to ""Central Police Headquarters""; he did not attempt to contact the American Embassy; the Kabul police held him in custody and took him to a ""police hotel"". The cousin of the King of Afghanistan came to see him and told him that it was a national holiday, that the King and the officials were out of Kabul, and that he (the cousin) would get a lawyer and see that Leary ""had a hearing"". On the morning the airplane left Kabul, officials of Afghanistan told him he was to leave Afghanistan. Leary replied he would not leave without a hearing and until he got his passport back; they said the Americans had his passport, and he was taken to the airplane. Leary's bail was set at $5 million.[114][116] The judge at his remand hearing said, ""If he is allowed to travel freely, he will speak publicly and spread his ideas"".[117] Facing 95 years in prison, Leary hired criminal defense attorney Bruce Margolin. Leary mostly directed his own defense strategy, which proved unsuccessful: the jury convicted him after deliberating for less than two hours.[114] Leary received five years for his prison escape, added to his original 10-year sentence.[114] In 1973, he was sent to Folsom Prison in California, and put in solitary confinement.[114][118] While in Folsom, he was placed in a cell right next to Charles Manson, and though they could not see each other, they could talk together. In their discussions, Manson was surprised and found it difficult to understand why Leary had given people LSD without trying to control them. At one point, Manson said to Leary, ""They took you off the streets so that I could continue with your work.""[119] - Leary became an FBI informant in order to shorten his prison sentence and entered the witness protection program upon his release in 1976.[120][121] He claimed that he feigned cooperation with the FBI investigation of Weathermen by providing information that they already had or that was of little consequence. The FBI gave him the code name ""Charlie Thrush"".[122] In a 1974 news conference, Allen Ginsberg, Ram Dass, and Leary's 25-year-old son Jack denounced Leary, calling him a ""cop informant,"" ""liar,"" and ""paranoid schizophrenic.""[123] No prosecutions stemmed from his FBI reporting. In 1999, a letter from 22 ""Friends of Timothy Leary"" sought to soften impressions of the FBI episode. It was signed by authors such as Douglas Rushkoff, Ken Kesey, and Robert Anton Wilson. Susan Sarandon, Genesis P-Orridge and Leary's goddaughter Winona Ryder also signed.[113][124] The letter said that Leary had smuggled a message to the Weather Underground informing it ""that he was considering making a deal with the FBI"" and he then ""waited for their approval"". The reported reply was, ""We understand.""[124][125] The letter writers did not provide confirmation that the Weather Underground okayed his cooperation with the FBI. - While in prison, Leary was sued by the parents of Vernon Powell Cox, who had jumped from a third-story window of a Berkeley apartment while under the influence of LSD. Cox had taken the drug after attending a lecture by Leary promoting LSD use. Leary was unable to be present due to his incarceration, and unable to arrange for legal representation; a default judgment was entered against him in the amount of $100,000.[126] - On April 21, 1976, Governor Jerry Brown released Leary from prison. After briefly relocating to Santa Fe, New Mexico, with Harcourt-Smith under the auspices of the United States Federal Witness Protection Program, the couple separated in early 1977. - Leary then moved to the Laurel Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, where he resided for the rest of his life. Unable to secure a conventional academic or research appointment due to his reputation, he continued to publish books through the independent press while maintaining an upper middle class lifestyle by making paid appearances at colleges and nightclubs as a self-described ""stand-up philosopher"".[127] In 1978, he married filmmaker Barbara Blum, also known as Barbara Chase, sister of actress Tanya Roberts. He adopted Blum's young son Zachary and raised him as his own. He also took on several godchildren, including Winona Ryder (the daughter of his archivist Michael Horowitz) and technologist Joi Ito.[128][129][130] - Leary developed an improbable partnership with former foe G. Gordon Liddy, the Watergate burglar and conservative radio talk-show host. They toured the lecture circuit in 1982 as ex-cons debating a range of issues, including gay rights, abortion, welfare and the environment. Leary generally espoused left-wing views, while Liddy generally espoused right-wing perspectives. The tour generated massive publicity and considerable funds for both. The 1983 documentary Return Engagement chronicled the tour and the release of Flashbacks, Leary's long-germinating memoir; biographer Robert Greenfield has since asserted that much of what Leary ""reported as fact in Flashbacks is pure fantasy.""[131] - On September 25, 1988, Leary held a fundraiser for Libertarian Party presidential candidate Ron Paul.[132][133][134] Journalist Debra Saunders attended and wrote about her experience.[135] - Leary's extensive touring on the lecture circuit continued to ensure his family a comfortable lifestyle throughout the mid-1980s. He associated with a variety of cultural figures, including longtime interlocutors Robert Anton Wilson and Allen Ginsberg; science fiction writers William Gibson and Norman Spinrad; and rock musicians David Byrne and John Frusciante.[citation needed] In addition, he appeared in Johnny Depp's and Gibby Haynes's 1994 film Stuff, which chronicled Frusciante's squalid living conditions at that time.[136] - Leary continued to take a wide array of drugs (ranging from serotonergic psychedelics to the nascent empathogen MDMA and alcohol and heroin)[137] in private, but consciously eschewed proselytizing substances in media appearances amid the escalation of the war on drugs throughout the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Instead, he served as a prominent advocate for space colonization and life extension. He expounded on the eight-circuit model of consciousness in books such as Info-Psychology: A Re-Vision of Exo-Psychology.[114] He invented the acronym ""SMI²LE"" as a succinct summary of his pre-transhumanist agenda: SM (Space Migration) + I² (intelligence increase) + LE (Life extension).[138] - Leary's space colonization plan evolved over the years. Initially, 5,000 of Earth's most virile and intelligent individuals would be launched on a vessel (Starseed 1) equipped with luxurious amenities. This idea was inspired by musician Paul Kantner's 1970 concept album Blows Against The Empire, which was derived from Robert A. Heinlein's Lazarus Long series. While incarcerated in Folsom State Prison during the winter of 1975–76, he became enamored by Princeton University physicist Gerard K. O'Neill's plans to construct giant Eden-like High Orbital Mini-Earths, as documented in the Robert Anton Wilson lecture H.O.M.E.s on LaGrange, using raw materials from the Moon, orbital rock, and obsolete satellites.[G] - In the 1980s, Leary became fascinated by computers, the internet, and virtual reality. He proclaimed that ""the PC is the LSD of the 1990s"" and enjoined historically technophobic bohemians to ""turn on, boot up, jack in.""[139][140] He became a promoter of virtual reality systems,[141] and sometimes demonstrated a prototype of the Mattel Power Glove as part of his lectures (as in From Psychedelics to Cybernetics). He befriended a number of notable people in the field, such as Jaron Lanier[142] and Brenda Laurel, a pioneer in virtual environments and human–computer interaction. During the evanescent heyday of the cyberdelic counterculture, he served as a consultant to Billy Idol in the production of the 1993 album Cyberpunk.[143] - In 1990, his daughter Susan, then 42, was arrested in Los Angeles for shooting her boyfriend in the head as he slept. She was ruled mentally unfit to stand trial for murder on two occasions. After years of mental instability, she died by suicide in jail.[144][6][145] - Although he considered her the ""great love of his life"", Leary and Barbara divorced in 1992; according to friend and collaborator John Perry Barlow, ""Tim basically gave me permission to be her lover. He couldn't be for her what she needed sexually, so it made more sense for him to anoint someone to do that for him.""[146] Thereafter, he ensconced himself in a diverse circle of prominent figures, including Johnny Depp, Susan Sarandon, Dan Aykroyd, Zach Leary,[113] author Douglas Rushkoff, and Spin magazine publisher Bob Guccione, Jr.[147] Despite declining health, he maintained a regular schedule of public appearances through 1994.[H] Reflecting a modicum of political rehabilitation after several failed attempts to adapt Flashbacks as a film or television miniseries, he was the subject of a symposium of the American Psychological Association that year.[148] - From 1989 on, Leary began to reestablish his connection to unconventional religious movements with an interest in altered states of consciousness. In 1989, he appeared with Robert Anton Wilson in a dialog called The Inner Frontier for the Association for Consciousness Exploration, a Cleveland-based group that had been responsible for his first Cleveland appearance in 1979. After that, he appeared at the Starwood Festival, a major Neo-Pagan event run by ACE in 1992 and 1993.[149] His planned 1994 WinterStar Symposium appearance was canceled due to his declining health. In 1992, in front of hundreds of Neo-Pagans, Leary declared, ""I've always considered myself a Pagan.""[150] He also collaborated with Eric Gullichsen on Load and Run High-tech Paganism: Digital Polytheism.[151] Shortly before his death on May 31, 1996, he recorded the album Right to Fly with Simon Stokes, which was released in July 1996.[152] - In January 1995, Leary was diagnosed with inoperable prostate cancer.[153] He then notified Ram Dass and other old friends and began the process of directed dying, which he termed ""designer dying"".[154] Leary did not reveal the condition to the press at that time, but did so after Jerry Garcia's death in August.[154] Leary and Ram Dass reunited before Leary's death in May 1996, as seen in the documentary film Dying to Know: Ram Dass & Timothy Leary.[155][156] - Leary's last book was Chaos & Cyber Culture, published in 1994. In it he wrote: ""The time has come to talk cheerfully and joke sassily about personal responsibility for managing the dying process.""[154] His book Design for Dying, which tried to give a new perspective on death and dying, was published posthumously.[157] Leary wrote about his belief that death is ""a merging with the entire life process"".[157] - His website team, led by Chris Graves, updated his website on a daily basis as a proto-blog.[154] The website noted his daily intake of various illicit and legal chemical substances, with a predilection for nitrous oxide, LSD and other psychedelic drugs.[158] He was also noted for his trademark ""Leary Biscuit"", a cannabis edible consisting of a snack cracker with cheese and a small marijuana bud, briefly microwaved.[159] At his request, his sterile house was redecorated by the staff with an array of surreal ornamentation.[citation needed] In his final months, thousands of visitors, well-wishers and old friends visited him in his California home.[citation needed] Until his last weeks, he gave many interviews discussing his new philosophy of embracing death.[157] - Leary was reportedly excited for a number of years by the possibility of freezing his body in cryonic suspension, and he announced in September 1988 that he had signed up with Alcor for such treatment after having appeared at Alcor's grand opening the year before.[160] He did not believe he would be resurrected in the future, but did believe that cryonics had important possibilities, even though he thought it had only ""one chance in a thousand"".[160] He called it his ""duty as a futurist"", helped publicize the process and hoped that it would work for his children and grandchildren if not for him, although he said that he was ""lighthearted"" about it.[160] He was connected with two cryonic organizations—first Alcor and then CryoCare—one of which delivered a cryonic tank to his house in the months before his death. Leary initially announced that he would freeze his entire body, but due to lack of funds decided to freeze his head only.[113][154] He then changed his mind again and requested that his body be cremated, with his ashes scattered in space.[113] - Leary died aged 75 on May 31, 1996. His death was videotaped for posterity at his request by Denis Berry and Joey Cavella, capturing his final words.[113] Berry was the trustee of Leary's archives, and Cavella had filmed Leary during his later years.[113] According to his son Zachary, during his final moments, he clenched his fist and said: ""Why?"", then, unclenching his fist, said: ""Why not?"". He uttered the phrase repeatedly, in different intonations, and died soon after. His last word, according to Zach, was ""beautiful"".[161] - The film Timothy Leary's Dead (1996) contains a simulated sequence in which he allows his bodily functions to be suspended for the purposes of cryonic preservation. His head is removed and placed on ice. The film ends with a sequence showing the creation of the artificial head used in the film. - Seven grams (¼ oz) of Leary's ashes were arranged by his friend at Celestis to be buried in space aboard a rocket carrying the remains of 23 others, including Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry, space colonization advocate Gerard O'Neill and German-American rocket engineer Krafft Ehricke. A Pegasus rocket containing their remains was launched on April 21, 1997, and remained in orbit for six years until it burned up in the atmosphere.[162] - Leary's ashes were given to close friends and family. In 2015, Susan Sarandon brought some of his ashes to the Burning Man festival in Black Rock City, Nevada, and put them into an art installation there. The ashes were burned along with the installation on September 6, 2015.[163] - Leary was legally married five times, sired three biological children and adopted a fourth child. He also regarded Joanna Harcourt-Smith (his domestic partner from 1972 to 1977) as his common-law wife for the duration of their relationship. His first wife, Marianne Busch, died by suicide.[164] - Leary was an early influence on applying game theory to psychology, having introduced the concept to the International Association of Applied Psychology in 1961 at its annual conference in Copenhagen.[173][174][175][I] He was also an early influence on transactional analysis.[176][177] His concept of the four life scripts, dating to 1951,[178] became an influence on transactional analysis by the late 1960s, popularized by Thomas Harris in his book, I'm OK, You're OK.[179] - Many consider Leary one of the most prominent figures of the counterculture of the 1960s, and since those times he has remained influential on pop culture, literature, television,[173] film and, especially, music. - Leary coined the influential term reality tunnel, a kind of representative realism. The theory states that, with a subconscious set of mental filters formed from their beliefs and experiences, everyone interprets the same world differently, hence ""Truth is in the eye of the beholder.""[J] - His ideas influenced the work of his friend Robert Anton Wilson.[180] This influence went both ways, with Leary taking just as much from Wilson. Wilson's 1983 book Prometheus Rising was an in-depth, highly detailed and inclusive work documenting Leary's eight-circuit model of consciousness. Although the theory originated in discussions between Leary and a Hindu holy man at Millbrook, Wilson was one of its most ardent proponents and introduced it to a mainstream audience in 1977's bestselling Cosmic Trigger. In 1989, they appeared together on stage in a dialog called The Inner Frontier[181] hosted by the Association for Consciousness Exploration,[182] the same group that had hosted Leary's first Cleveland appearance in 1979.[183][184] - World religion scholar Huston Smith was ""turned on"" by Leary after being introduced to him by Aldous Huxley in the early 1960s. Smith interpreted the experience as deeply religious, and described it in detailed religious terms in his book Cleansing of the Doors of Perception.[185] Smith asked Leary whether he knew the power and danger of what he was conducting research with. In Mother Jones Magazine, 1997, Smith commented: - First, I have to say that during the three years I was involved with that Harvard study, LSD was not only legal but respectable. Before Tim went on his unfortunate careening course, it was a legitimate research project. Though I did find evidence that, when recounted, the experiences of the Harvard group and those of mystics were impossible to tell apart—descriptively indistinguishable—that's not the last word. There is still a question about the truth of the disclosure.[186] In the 1968 Dragnet episode ""The Big Prophet"", Liam Sullivan played Brother William Bentley, leader of the Temple of the Expanded Mind, a thinly fictionalized Leary. Bentley held forth for the entire half-hour on the rights of the individual and the benefits of LSD and marijuana, while Joe Friday argued the contrary.[187] - The 1979 musical Hair and the stage performance it is based on make multiple references to Leary.[188] - Leary appears in Cheech & Chong's 1981 film Nice Dreams, featured in a scene in which he gives Cheech ""the key to the universe"".[189] - In 1994, Leary appeared as himself in the Space Ghost Coast to Coast episode ""Elevator"",[190] and also appeared in an episode of The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. as the character Dr. Milo.[191] - In 1996, months before his death, Leary appeared in the feminist science fiction feature film Conceiving Ada.[192] - The 1998 movie Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, adapted from Hunter S. Thompson's 1971 novel, portrays heavy psychedelic drug use and mentions Leary when the protagonist ponders the meaning of the acid wave of the 1960s.[193] - The Psychedelic Experience (1964) was the inspiration for John Lennon's song ""Tomorrow Never Knows"", on The Beatles' album Revolver (1966).[68] - The Moody Blues recorded two songs about Leary. ""Legend of a Mind"", written and sung by Ray Thomas on their album In Search of the Lost Chord (1968), begins: ""Timothy Leary's dead. No, no, no, no, he's outside looking in"".[194] The second was ""When You're a Free Man"" on the Seventh Sojourn album.[195] - Leary recruited Lennon to write a theme song for his California gubernatorial campaign against Ronald Reagan (which was interrupted by Leary's prison sentence for cannabis possession), inspiring Lennon to come up with ""Come Together"" (1969), based on Leary's campaign theme and catchphrase.[194][196] - Leary was also present and sang when Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono, recorded ""Give Peace a Chance"" (1969) during their bed-in in Montreal and is mentioned in the lyrics of the song.[197] - The Who's 1970 single ""The Seeker"" mentions Leary in a sequence where the song's protagonist claims that Leary (among other high-profile people) was unable to help them with their search for answers.[198] - While in exile in Switzerland, Leary and British writer Brian Barritt collaborated with the German band Ash Ra Tempel and recorded the album Seven Up (1973).[199] He is credited as a songwriter, and his lyrics and vocals can be heard throughout the album.[200] Commenting on the work of his friend H. R. Giger, a surrealist artist from Switzerland who won an Academy Award for his work on the film Alien, Leary noted: - Giger's work disturbs us, spooks us, because of its enormous evolutionary time span. It shows us, all too clearly, where we come from and where we are going. In 1995, Leary had a cameo at the end of the music video for the song ""Galaxie"" by alternative rock group Blind Melon.[202] - The Marcy Playground song ""It's Saturday"", from their 1999 album Shapeshifter, mentions joining Timothy Leary ""in a cryogenic freeze.""[203] - In 1973, El Perfecto Comics was organized by Aline Kominsky and published by The Print Mint to raise funds for the Timothy Leary Defense Fund. The comic features 31 underground artists contributing mostly one-pagers about drug experiences (primarily LSD). The front cover and a contributed one-page story are by Robert Crumb.[204] - In 1979, Last Gasp published a one-shot edition of Neurocomics titled Timothy Leary. ""Evolved from transmissions of Dr. Timothy Leary as filtered through Pete Von Sholly & George DiCaprio"", it is based on Leary's writings related to life, the brain, and intelligence. DiCaprio collaborated with Leary on the script.[205] - Leary authored and coauthored more than 20 books and was featured on more than a dozen audio recordings. His acting career included over a dozen appearances in movies and television shows in various roles and over 30 appearances as himself. He also produced and/or collaborated with others in the creation of multimedia presentations and computer games. - In 2011, The New York Times reported that the New York Public Library had acquired Leary's personal archives, including papers, videotapes, photographs and other archival material from the Leary estate, including correspondence and documents relating to Allen Ginsberg, Aldous Huxley, William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Ken Kesey, Arthur Koestler, G. Gordon Liddy and other prominent cultural figures.[206] The collection became available in September 2013.[207] - Leary's books and written works include:[208][209] -",2023-08-26 18:26:19 -Lambda Literary Award for Drama - Wikipedia,"The Lambda Literary Award for Drama is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation to an LGBT-related literary or theatrical work. Most nominees are plays, or anthologies of plays; however, non-fiction works on theatre or drama have also sometimes been nominated for the award. -",2023-08-26 18:26:23 -Knut Aastad Bråten - Wikipedia,"Knut Aastad Bråten (born 1976) is a Norwegian magazine editor. - He is a grandson of ski jumper Johanne Kolstad.[1] - An ethnologist by education, he edited the Norwegian folk music magazine Spelemannsbladet from 2007. He is an able langeleik player himself. In 2010 the magazine was discontinued, but resurfaced as Folkemusikk.[2][3] In 2014 he took over as editor of Syn og Segn.[4] - - This article about a Norwegian writer, poet or journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:26:26 -Ségéne - Wikipedia," - Saint Ségéne (also called Segein, Segeni, Segeno, Seghene, Segin, Segine, Ségíne, Segineus, Segini, Seighin; c. 610 – 24 May 688), was the Bishop of Armagh, Ireland from 661 to 24 May 688. - St. Ségéne was from Achad Chlaidib (Field of the Sword), possibly the modern townland of Aghnacloy, Barony of Oneilland East, County Armagh. His father’s name was Bresal. [1] - At this time the Irish Church was preoccupied with the Paschal cycle Question, i.e. how to compute the date of Easter and Christ’s death. The southern part of Ireland accepted the Dionysian computation - which was now being used at Rome - at the Synod of Magh Lene in 630 AD. However, the Northern clergy were followers of the method proposed by Iona and its affiliate churches, known as the Irish Computation. In order to settle the matter Tómméne, the Bishop of Armagh, with some other Ulster bishops and clergy, sent a letter in the first half of 640 to Pope Severinus, setting out both sides of the argument and requesting his advice. However, Pope Severinus died on 2 August 640 without having opened the letter. The future Pope John IV and others in the Vatican hierarchy replied to the letter sometime between August and Christmas 640, beginning as follows: ""Our most beloved and most holy Thomian, Columbanus, Croman, Diman, and Baithan bishops—to Croman, Hernian, Laistran, Scellan, and Segenus, presbyters—to Saran, and the rest of the Irish doctors or abbots."" Rome was worried that the doctrine of Pelagianism was taking root in Ireland and advised against it in this letter.[2] The ""Segenus, presbyter"" (Segeno presbyteris) mentioned in the letter was probably Saint Ségéne, which means he was a priest in 640, probably ministering in Armagh. - Upon the death of Saint Tómméne, the Bishop of Armagh, on 10 January 661, St. Ségéne was appointed as the 17th coarb in succession to Saint Patrick. Saint Ségéne reigned as Bishop for 27 years.[citation needed] - Armagh was burned during his reign in 672. Some scholars state it was burned twice; however, this is an error as the second fire was in 690, two years after his death.[citation needed] - Before Ségéne died, Bishop Aed of Sletty, County Laois, placed his Leinster diocese under the protection of Armagh using a procedure of surrender and regrant. This was an important event as it emphasized the primacy of Armagh over Kildare. The Additamenta to the Book of Armagh record Aed’s visit as follows- ""Aed was bishop in Slebte. He went to Armagh. He brought his inheritance (i.e. The diocese of Sletty) to Ségéne in Armagh. Ségéne returned the inheritance to Aed, and Aed offered his inheritance and his kin and his church to Patrick for ever. Aed left his inheritance in the possession of Conchad (i.e. Conchad succeeded Aed as bishop of Sletty). Conchad went to Armagh, and Fland Feblae [Bishop of Armagh 689-716] gave him his church, and Conchad himself took the abbacy.""[3] - Aed probably did this for two reasons. Firstly to avoid being taken over by the neighbouring diocese of Kildare, as it would be easier to avoid complying with the demands of faraway Armagh. Secondly to encourage Armagh to observe Easter in the Roman custom, which was then the custom in Sletty.[original research?] - St. Ségéne died on 24 May 688. The Annals of Ireland give the following obits- - After his death Ségéne was venerated as a saint and his feast was celebrated on 24 May, the day of his death. The Calendars of the Saints have the following entries- -",2023-08-26 18:26:29 -I-201-class submarine - Wikipedia,"The I-201-class submarines (伊二百一型潜水艦, I-ni-hyaku-ichi-gata sensuikan) were submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. These submarines were of advanced design, built for high underwater speed, and were known as Sentaka-Dai type submarine (潜高大型潜水艦, Sen-Taka-Dai-gata sensuikan, ""Submarine High speed-Large type"") or Sentaka type submarine (潜高型潜水艦, Sen-Taka-gata sensuikan, ""Submarine High speed type""). The type name, was shortened to Suichū Kōsoku Sensuikan Ō-gata (水中高速潜水艦大型, Underwater High speed Submarine Large type).[1] - They were one of the fastest submarine class built during World War II, second only to Walter Type XVII closed-cycle powered submarines. Twenty-three units were ordered from the Kure Naval Arsenal under the 1943 construction program. Due to the deteriorating war situation, only eight boats were laid down, and only three, numbered I-201, I-202 and I-203, were completed before the end of the war. None of them saw operational use. - In 1938 the Imperial Japanese Navy constructed an experimental high-speed submarine for evaluation purposes, which was designated Vessel Number 71 (第71号艦) for security purposes. Based on previous experience with high-speed, short-range midget submarines, Number 71 displaced only 230 tons surfaced with a length of 140 ft (43 m). She could attain a submerged speed of over 21 kn (39 km/h; 24 mph), making her the fastest submarine of her day. The results gained from experiments with Number 71 formed the basis for the I-201 class submarines.[2] - By late 1942 it had become apparent to the IJN that conventional submarines were unable to survive the new ASW techniques coming into service, such as radar, HF/DF, sonar, and new depth charge projectors. New submarines were required, with a higher underwater than surface speed, quick-diving capability, quiet underwater running, and a high underwater operational radius. - The IJN General Staff made an official request for high-speed submarines in October 1943 and among the ships planned in 1944 to be constructed in 1945 were 23 ""underwater high speed submarines"" (Sen taka) temporarily designated ""Ships No. 4501–4523"". - The General Staff's final requirements were stated in Order No. 295 dated 29 October 1943 to the Navy Technical Department. These included an underwater speed of 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph) which was reduced to 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) for practical reasons. Nevertheless, they were the fastest operational submarines of World War II, outpacing even the German Type XXI.[3] - To meet the requirement for high underwater speed the designers had to: - The I-201 class bore little resemblance to earlier I-boats, which were optimized for long range and high surfaced speed. By contrast, the I-201 emphasized submerged performance. It featured powerful electric motors, streamlined all-welded hulls, and a large capacity battery consisting of 4,192 cells. The maximum underwater speed of 19 knots (35 km/h) was double that of contemporary American designs. The I-201s, like other Japanese submarines of the period,[5] were also equipped with a crude snorkel, allowing underwater diesel operation while recharging batteries. - I-201 displaced 1,291 tons surfaced and 1,451 tons submerged. It had a test depth of 360 feet (110 m). Armament consisted of four 53 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes and 10 Type 95 torpedoes. The two 25 mm anti-aircraft guns were housed in retractable mounts to maintain streamlining. The submarine was designed for mass production, with large sections prefabricated in factories and transported to the slip for final assembly. - Two submarines, I-201 and I-203, were seized and inspected by the US Navy at the end of the hostilities. They were part of a group of four captured submarines, including the giant I-400 and I-401, which were sailed to Hawaii by US Navy technicians for further inspection. - On 26 March 1946, the US Navy decided to scuttle these captured Japanese submarines to prevent the technology from falling into the hands of the Soviet Union. On 5 April 1946, I-202 was scuttled in Japanese waters. On 21 May 1946, I-203 was torpedoed and sunk by submarine USS Caiman off the Hawaiian Islands. On 23 May 1946, I-201 was torpedoed and sunk by USS Queenfish. The Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory found the wreck of the I-201 near Hawaii using submersible craft in 2009.[6] - The I-201 design and technology influenced Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force JDS Oyashio (1959). - A refurbished I-203 is used by the characters in the film Hell and High Water (1954). - -",2023-08-26 18:26:33 -1923–24 Scottish Cup - Wikipedia," - The 1923–24 Scottish Cup was the 46th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Airdrieonians, who defeated Hibernian 2–0 in the final. - The 1924 Scottish Cup Final was a one sided game with Airdrie rarely in trouble. Bob Bennie at left half dictated much of the play. Airdrie's Bob McPhail said, ""Hughie Gallacher caused havoc with the Hibs defenders. He and Russell were easily our best forwards."" Russell scored both goals.[1][2] - - This article about a Scottish association football competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:26:36 -Pandanus tenuifolius - Wikipedia," - Pandanus lindenii Warb. -Pandanus pynaertii Warb. - Pandanus tenuifolius (""Vacoa chevron"") is a species of plant in the family Pandanaceae.[1] It is endemic to the island of Rodrigues. - This small species grows to 5 meters in height, and grows relatively few branches, at an acute angle from its smooth trunk. - The fruit heads are small (diameter 7–12 cm), rounded and each bears only 15-45 drupes. The exposed tip of each drupe is a smooth, rounded shape, and it ripens to a uniform, dark red colour. - This species is endemic to the island of Rodrigues. It is found mainly in small groups on the higher mountains and valley slopes of the island, where it shares its habitat with the other endemic Pandanus species, the more robust Pandanus heterocarpus. Inhabitants of the island use the leaves of both species for the fibres, and for making roofs, hats or baskets. - The introduced exotic species Pandanus utilis, from Madagascar, is also found growing in Rodrigues, and can be confused with this species. - - This Pandanales-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:26:40 -The Castle Group - Wikipedia,"The Castle Group is a marine engineering and construction company located in Hainesport Township, New Jersey. - The Castle Group consists of three separate entities; W.J. Castle & Associates, Hydro-Marine Construction, and Simplified Bridge Systems. - W.J. Castle & Associates, founded by William J. Castle in 1983, specializes in structural/civil engineering. They provide structural designs, inspection services, and testing to both government agencies and private contractors and companies. The Castle team includes Structural and Civil Engineerss. They employ Engineer-Divers with capabilities in underwater diagnostics and reporting, with the ability to develop repair designs as needed. Services include structural marine engineering, construction inspection and management, underwater inspection services, specialty designs, design/build, hydrographic/fathometric surveys, and side scan sonar. - Hydro-Marine Construction, founded in 1997, is the construction division of The Castle Group and is staffed with certified commercial divers (Association of Diving Contractors International).[1] The Philadelphia Business Journal ranked Hydro-Marine #7 in South Jersey's 25 Fastest Growing Companies list.[2] Hydro-Marine specializes in bulkhead and pier construction, pile jacking and repairs, submarine power cable recovery and replacement, CHANCE anchor installation, underwater debris removal, repairs to marine structures, and design/build services. - Simplified Bridge Systems, founded in 2001, designs and builds customized bridges, then delivers and installs them on-site. Services include design of customized bridges, demolition of existing structures, site preparation, design and fabrication, delivery and installation, new foundations, and finishing roadway approaches. - In 2015, Castle completed work as a sub-consultant of G.W. Management on a design/build job at the Nimitz Library on the US Naval Academy. The work consisted primarily of the assessment, repair development, and rehabilitation of 27 concrete pile caps that support the library, which exhibited signification deterioration due to exposure to the brackish tidal waters of College Creek and the Severn River. Castle completed the design of the repairs and Hydro-Marine completed the construction. - On March 16, 2006, the Quay Pier along the Delaware River located in Penn’s Landing was struck by a tanker causing extensive damage to the pier. Since Castle had previously performed the inspection and repair of several piers for DRWC, Castle was requested to perform an emergency underwater inspection of the pier to determine the extent of the damage. Hydro-Marine performed the emergency underwater repairs required to stabilize the pier. These repairs were completed by July 2006.[3][4][5] - In January 2010, Hydro-Marine divers assisted Atlantic City Electric in locating and repairing a damaged submarine power cable. There were approximately 500 to 600 feet of damaged 25K submarine cable lying under the ground. To locate the break in the cable, Atlantic City Electric had to send a high-frequency sound through the cable, while Hydro Marine divers used a Cable Finder to locate the exact point of the break. For each break that was found, workers repaired it by cutting out the faulty section and then splicing in a new section of cable. - Once the cable was fully repaired, it was then placed back on the channel bottom and reburied by jetting. The entire project was completed by late February 2010.[6][7] - Castlewas retained by WRS Infrastructure & Environment, Inc. in October 2008 to perform an in-depth inspection of the Roebling Bridge, in Roebling, New Jersey. Once the analysis was complete, Castle designed a new bridge utilizing the existing main steel beams and the concrete substructure with modifications and repairs. Hydro-Marine performed the actual construction of the bridge. Removal of the existing structure began in November 2008, the deck was poured the first week in January 2009, and the bridge was open to traffic by January 23, 2009.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:26:43 -Love of Lesbian - Wikipedia,"Love of Lesbian is a Spanish indie pop band. They were nominated for the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Spanish Act at the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards. Their album La noche eterna. Los días no vividos. reached number 1 in 2012. - On March 27, 2021, the band held the first large-scale concert in Spain as a test of reducing restrictions on large gatherings during the COVID-19 pandemic. - Touring members - Note: At the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, Sergio Mora was nominated for Best Recording Package as the art director for El Poeta Halley. -",2023-08-26 18:26:47 -1911–12 Luxembourg National Division - Wikipedia,"The 1911–12 Luxembourg National Division was the 3rd season of top level association football in Luxembourg. - It was performed by 4 teams, and US Hollerich won the championship. - - This article about a Luxembourgish association football competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:26:50 -Fumikane Shimada - Wikipedia,"Fumikane Shimada (島田 フミカネ, Shimada Fumikane, born January 26, 1974), is an anime and video game illustrator and character designer from Okayama Prefecture. - Well known for sparking the popularity of the mecha musume boom within the 2000s, Fumikane was involved in various dōjin activities as one of the creators of military hardware girls. Various illustrations were featured in various commercial hobbyist magazines during this time, and his designs have been used in figurines by Toranoana and Konami. Later, he became involved in the character design for various military-themed anime television series and video games.[1][2][3][4] - In July 2013, Fumikane was responsible for designing military recruitment posters and other promotional material for the Japan Self-Defense Forces.[5][6][7] - Fumikane's works are well known for their unique mechanical girl design, which involve girls dressed in the armour of various mechanical systems. He is also able to draw detailed illustrations of weapons based on his knowledge of the mechanics of military weapons, and is not limited to drawing female characters. - -",2023-08-26 18:26:54 -Wadowice County - Wikipedia,"Wadowice County (Polish: powiat wadowicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Wadowice, the birthplace of Pope John Paul II, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Andrychów, lying 13 km (8 mi) west of Wadowice, and Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, 14 km (9 mi) east of Wadowice. - The county covers an area of 645.74 square kilometres (249.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 154,304, out of which the population of Andrychów is 21,691, that of Wadowice is 19,149, that of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska is 4,503, and the rural population is 108,961. - Wadowice County is bordered by Chrzanów County to the north, Kraków County and Myślenice County to the east, Sucha County to the south, Żywiec County to the south-west, Bielsko County to the west, and Oświęcim County to the north-west. - The county is subdivided into 10 gminas (three urban-rural and seven rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population. - -",2023-08-26 18:26:58 -The Benson Murder Case (film) - Wikipedia," - The Benson Murder Case is a 1930 American pre-Code crime film directed by Frank Tuttle and written by S. S. Van Dine and Bartlett Cormack. The film stars William Powell, William ""Stage"" Boyd, Eugene Pallette, Paul Lukas, Natalie Moorhead, Richard Tucker and May Beatty. The film was released on April 13, 1930, by Paramount Pictures.[1] The film was based on the 1926 novel of the same name by S. S. Van Dine.[2] The film had initial copyright notice, and it was renewed in 1957.[3][4] Under the terms of Title 17 of the U.S. Code, the film will enter the public domain in 2026. - A ruthless, crooked stockbroker is murdered at his luxurious country estate, and detective Philo Vance just happens to be there; he decides to find out who killed him. When a ruthless and crooked stockbroker named Ebenezer Benson is murdered at his luxurious country estate, Vance decides to investigate the case and works alongside District Attorney Markham and the police to gather clues and interview suspects. Through a careful analysis of the evidence and his own powers of deduction, Vance ultimately discovers that the murderer is Benson's business partner, Adolph Mohler. Mohler had been embezzling money from their firm and feared that Benson would discover his fraudulent activities, so he murdered Benson to cover up his crimes. Vance is able to convince Mohler to confess to the murder, and he is arrested and brought to justice.[5] - This 1930s crime film-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:27:01 -Vladimir Markov (mathematician) - Wikipedia,"Vladimir Andreyevich Markov (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Ма́рков; May 8, 1871 – January 18, 1897) was a mathematician, known for proving the Markov brothers' inequality with his older brother Andrey Markov. He was from the Russian Empire. He died of tuberculosis at the age of 25.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:27:04 -"St. John Catholic Church (Saint John Plantation, Maine) - Wikipedia","St. John Catholic Church is a historic church building on St. John Street (Maine State Route 116) in St. John Plantation, Maine. Built between 1909 and 1911, it is a finely-detailed and handsome example of religious Colonial Revival architecture in a remote rural setting. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.[1] - Since 2007 it has been maintained by the parish of St. John Vianney based in Fort Kent, of the Diocese of Portland, having previously merged with the parish of St. Louis.[2] - St. John Catholic Church is set on the north side of St. John Street, the only major roadway through the rural community of St. John Plantation in far northern Maine. It is located about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) west of the municipal offices, between the road and the Saint John River. It is a rectangular wood frame structure, one story in height, with a gable roof and a tower that projects slightly from the front (south-facing) facade. The front is three bays wide, with the outer bays housing narrow multi-panel windows with round-arch tops. The main entrance is in the base of the tower, sheltered by a rounded portico and set under a large round transom. Above this, in the extended first stage of the tower, is a large fifteen-light window topped by a round-arch transom. The first stage ends at a cornice above the main roof's ridge, with a belfry above. The sides of the belfry each have paired round-arch louvered openings. The belfry is topped by another cornice and an octagonal leaded cap, with a golden cross as a spire. The interior of the church is elaborately decorated with woodwork, plaster, and pressed tin.[3] - This church was built in 1909-11 by local craftsmen to serve the local French Catholic population. The church interior appears to be stylistically similar to that of the 1872 St. David Catholic Church (replaced in 1911) in nearby Madawaska, one of the oldest parishes in the region.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:27:08 -If I Never Knew You - Wikipedia," - ""If I Never Knew You"" is a song by American singers Jon Secada and Shanice, from Disney's 1995 animated feature film, Pocahontas. The song was written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz, and originally recorded by American singer Judy Kuhn in her film role as the singing voice of Pocahontas, and American actor Mel Gibson in his role as Captain John Smith. Shanice and Secada's version is heard during film's end credits, and was released on September 12, 1995, as the second single from the film's soundtrack by Walt Disney Records, after Vanessa Williams' pop and R&B rendition of the Academy Award-winning ""Colors of the Wind"". - The song was originally developed for the prison scene where Pocahontas visits Captain John Smith before he is sentenced to death for the alleged murder of Kocoum, Chief Powhatan's warrior whom Pocahontas was supposed to marry. The musical number, which was about 90% animated, was supposed to be a duet performed by the pair as they acknowledge their love for each other. During test screenings with child audiences their attention ""seemed to wander from the film."" Therefore, Alan Menken, the composer of the songs for Disney's Pocahontas, decided it had to be cut because he felt that it slowed the pace of the movie. Additionally, another song, ""Savages"", occurred not more than five minutes after. Although it was cut from the movie itself, ""If I Never Knew You"" was still performed by Jon Secada and Shanice at the end credits and released as a single. It had a few different lyrics than the film's original lyrics. - In 2005, Disney released the tenth anniversary edition of Pocahontas, which had the song fully animated and integrated into the film, but was an optional feature that the viewer could choose or watch the original theatrical version instead, due to seamless branching. It was performed by Mel Gibson (Captain Smith) and Judy Kuhn (singing voice of Pocahontas) within the film's narrative. It was recorded for the original film in 1995. The audio version became available in 2015 for the Walt Disney Records: The Legacy Collection edition of the film's soundtrack. - ""If I Never Knew You"" was covered by the Cheetah Girls for the album, DisneyMania 4. It was released as a single and premiered on Radio Disney in April 2006. - The music video was released on Disney Channel in 2006. It features the girls pulling up at a club in a limo wearing white, sparkly dresses and then entering the club to perform the song on stage surrounded by a crowd. Scenes of the girls out on the dance floor dancing with some gentlemen are inter-cut throughout the video. - In 2001, it was covered by Michael Crawford and Sherie Rene Scott for The Disney Album. That same year, Angela Decicco and Bill Whitefield covered the song on the 2001 Christian/Gospel compilation album Our Heart Sings. Hal Ketchum and Shelby Lynne recorded a version as part of The Best of Country Sing the Best of Disney. The song was also released as a Spanish single (""Si No Te Conociera,"" also performed by Jon Secada and Shanice). A Portuguese version was sung by Jon Secada and Daniela Mercury. The song was recently covered by Tiffany Thornton as part of DisneyMania 7. In Japan, a music box version was released on the 2008 album Disney in Orgel.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:27:11 -Lone Star Card - Wikipedia,"The Lone Star Card is an Electronic Benefit Transfer pin-based card. The card is used for Food Stamp and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families programs for the State of Texas, United States of America. -When the program was implemented in 1995 the system became and still remains the largest EBT system in the United States of America. However this distinction is shared with New York state, alternating the position year to year.[1] - - This Texas-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:27:14 -Baldwin Academy - Wikipedia," - Baldwin Academy is a senior secondary, co-educational, English medium school located in Patna, Bihar, India. It is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi.[1] It was founded in 1987 by Prabhas Kumar and Dr. Rajiv Ranjan Sinha, and is managed by the Baldwin Academy Society.[2] The school was named after Saint Baldwin. It started as primary school and later went on to become a senior secondary school. - The school has been affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi since 1997.[1] The principal of the school is Dr. Rajiv Ranjan Sinha, who is also the CBSE city coordinator for Patna.[3] - 4 Acre Campus - Sports Complex - Basket ball Court - Transport Facility - Yoga Classes - Taekwondo Classes - Art and Craft - Tabla Classes - Guitar Class - Biology Lab - Chemistry Lab - Computer Lab - Physics Lab - Library -",2023-08-26 18:27:18 -A Second Chance at Sarah - Wikipedia," - A Second Chance at Sarah is a fantasy graphic novel written by Neil Druckmann, with illustrations by Joysuke Wong. The novel was originally published by Ape Entertainment on February 24, 2010; Dark Horse Comics re-released the novel on August 20, 2014. The book follows Johnny, who makes a deal with a demon to go back in time and save his dying wife, who fell into a coma upon the birth of their son. - Druckmann wrote the story in his spare time while working at the video game developer Naughty Dog. He considers A Second Chance at Sarah to be a personal story, focusing on the characters instead of the supernatural elements. Druckmann worked on several unsuccessful comic book ideas and pitches, before collaborating with Wong on A Second Chance at Sarah. Wong's work on the book was extensive, as she refined and extended Druckmann's initial concepts and ideas. The two worked on the book for over a year. The book received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Wong's illustrations, Druckmann's writing, and the character development. - Writer Neil Druckmann considered A Second Chance at Sarah a ""personal story"" he ""wanted to tell"".[2] As a child, he was interested in creating a comic book and his ideas developed as he aged.[3] The novel was inspired by Druckmann's interest in traveling back in time to meet his wife at a younger age, an idea he found ""cute and poetic"".[4] The idea itself was inspired by time travel stories, particularly the Back to the Future film series (1985–1990).[4] Druckmann had developed a different comic book pitch for over a year, for which he wrote, drew, and lettered in full detail. When the pitch was rejected, he decided to work with an artist to finish a new pitch in a shorter time.[4] He contacted artist Joysuke Wong, who agreed to collaborate; Druckmann called the collaboration the ""easiest decision"" he made while working on the comic,[4] as he was impressed by her artwork.[5] - Druckmann and Wong developed the pitch—the first six pages of the story—in about two months. They worked on the comic for over a year prior in total.[4] Druckmann created a schedule for his work on the comic, primarily working at night due to his job at video game developer Naughty Dog, where he was working on Uncharted 2: Among Thieves (2009). He ensured most of the writing and thumbnails were complete prior to crunch time on Uncharted 2, as he felt it would be difficult to work on both projects simultaneously.[5] Druckmann originally wrote A Second Chance at Sarah as a three-issue series, but narrowed it to a single graphic novel for ease of publishing. He felt there was a possibility a first issue would not be successful enough to justify printing more.[5] While writing the script, Druckmann drew thumbnail pages to visualize the story's flow. While writing, he switched between the thumbnails and the scripts as he felt ""having the two influence each other keeps the process fresh and organic"".[6]: 84  - When he completed the script and thumbnails, Druckmann sent them to Wong, who interpreted the writing into her own style by sketching rough pages, ensuring the compositions worked well.[6]: 85  She refined the pages, conveying the subtlety in the emotions of the characters; Druckmann and Wong wanted to avoid melodramatic scenes in both writing and art.[6]: 86  Wong added color to the pages. Druckmann expressed the importance of using colors to separate the different time periods of the story, and to mirror Johnny's emotional journey.[6]: 87  The final step for Wong was painting, which involved defining details; Druckmann said painting the artwork ""[transforms] the rigid feel of the earlier versions to the unrestrained painterly look ... in the final pages"".[6]: 88  - Druckmann felt A Second Chance at Sarah is ""a love story driven by grounded characters"", not about the demons or time travel; he considered the latter a ""secret weapon"" to attract more readers and found it necessary to advance the story.[3] Druckmann considered the characters ""interesting, yet flawed"", and he and Wong worked to ""portray the subtlety of emotions"".[3] Druckmann felt he shared many similarities with protagonist Johnny and ""a lot of Johnny's flaws and fears are based on [his] own shortcomings"".[4] He used the character to deal with his own fears of adulthood and of losing his wife, considering Johnny an ""exaggerated version"" of himself.[3] When seeking potential publishers for the comic, Druckmann contacted Ape Entertainment due to his fondness of ""the quality and the variety of their books"".[5] After submitting the pitch, he was contacted by chief executive officer David Hedgecock, who was enthusiastic about publishing the book despite its marketing challenges.[5] The book was re-published by Dark Horse Comics on August 20, 2014.[1] - After the birth of their son, Johnny's wife Sarah falls into a coma. Johnny soon discovers her talisman, which she had previously used to make a deal with a demon to save the life of her sister Rachel, unbeknownst to Johnny. In order to save Sarah, Johnny also makes a deal with the demon, and is transported back to 1995, where he possesses the body of his younger self.[6]: 6–9  He meets a younger Sarah,[6]: 13  who invites him to a party.[6]: 20  As they travel to the party, Johnny informs Sarah of the situation, but she dismisses it as a pick-up attempt.[6]: 32–34  When they arrive, Johnny sees Rachel with the talisman and tells her to dispose of it; without responding, she ends the party.[6]: 60–63  After she leaves, Rachel is involved in a car accident, and is transported to the hospital.[6]: 67  Sarah, who now believes Johnny's story,[6]: 64  goes to make a deal with the demon in order to save Rachel. However, upon discovering that the demon demands the sacrifice of Johnny and Sarah's child, Sarah destroys the talisman, and Rachel dies.[6]: 77–78  These events alter those of the present day: Sarah never fell into a coma and instead lives normally with Johnny and their son.[6]: 79–81  - A Second Chance at Sarah received generally positive reviews. Praise was particularly directed at Wong's illustrations, as well as Druckmann's writing and character development, which were said to complement each other.[7] - Reviewers praised the comic's artwork. Greg Ellner of The Pullbox called it ""the perfect coupling to Druckmann's story"", stating Wong ""has a firm grasp of the intricacies of visual story telling"".[7] Following the Nerd's Dave Bowling felt, through the artwork, the book ""truly comes to life"".[9] Peter Paltridge of PopGeeks praised the ""rough and sketchy"" look to the artwork, and found it was fitting to the story.[8] ComicBuzz's Ellen Murray wrote the artwork has a ""beautiful flow"", praising the use of colors.[10] Jacqueline Lopez of Fanboy Comics called the artwork ""stunning"", comparing it to the Fables series (2002–15).[11] Jef Fox, writing for I Smell Sheep, found the artwork ""breathtaking"", and felt it evoked feelings of nostalgia.[12] HorrorTalk's James Ferguson echoed similar remarks, praising the subtlety of Wong's artwork and naming it ""clean and pure"".[13] - The comic's story also received positive reactions. Following the Nerd's Bowling called it ""extremely well-written"", commending its ability to attract readers and make them empathize with the characters.[9] Paltridge of PopGeeks declared the story ""even better"" than Druckmann's work on The Last of Us (2013).[8] Ellner of The Pullbox praised the story, noting a particular connection with the character of Johnny early in the story.[7] Lopez of Fanboy Comics found the ""character complexity is a bit lacking"", but felt the pacing of the story is helpful in understanding plot points.[11] Doreen Sheridan, writing for I Want My Two Dollars!, felt the ""dialogue is a little clunky, but it's a satisfying read nonetheless"".[14] ComicBuzz's Murray criticized the short length of the story, commenting on the lack of time dedicated to providing depth for the characters or plot.[10] -",2023-08-26 18:27:22 -BAC Mirande - Wikipedia,"Basket Astarac Mirande was a French women's basketball club from Mirande. Founded in 1975, it won three national championships between 1988 and 1990,[1] appearing in the European Cup.[2] It was disestablished in 1997. - - This article about a basketball team in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:27:26 -Laine Mesikäpp - Wikipedia," - Laine Mesikäpp (27 February 1917 – 5 May 2012) was an Estonian film, radio and stage actress, singer and prolific collector and cataloguer of Estonian folk music. - Laine Mesikäpp was born in the small village of Adila in Kohila Parish, Rapla County, to Hans Mesikäpp Jr. and Ann Mesikäpp (née Rammus) and grew up on a farm in the small neighboring borough of Hageri. She was the youngest of nine children. Her interest in traditional Estonian folklore and Estonian folk music began early in her childhood; her father Hans was a locally known storyteller and singer who always kept a pencil in his pocket to transcribe all local traditions, songs and stories.[1] Later, the family home became a gathering place for folklorists, musicians and singers from all parts of Estonia, which left a lasting impression on her and added numerous songs from other regions to her repertoire.[2][3] - Beginning in 1932, she studied at Tallinn 1st Girls' Gymnasium, graduating in 1936.[4] - In 1942, Laine Mesikäpp was invited to join the Endla Theatre in Pärnu by theatre director Riivo Kuljus after he watched her perform as a singer. Although she had no formal training as an actress, she agreed. She made her stage debut later that year in the role of Maret Vaa in a production of August Gailit's 1928 novel Toomas Nipernaadi. She would remain at the Endla theatre until 1944 when she joined the Estonian National Opera musical theater. After leaving the Estonian National Opera musical theatre in 1949, she would join the Estonian Drama Theatre, which would be her longest theatre engagement, lasting 43 years; from 1949 until 1992. Among her more notable roles at the Estonian Drama Theatre were Natasha in Anton Chekhov's Three Sisters, Berta in Oskar Luts' Tagahoovis, Mardi-Riste in Juhan Smuul's Muhu Monoloogides and Emma in Bertholt Brecht's Mr Puntila and his Man Matti.[5] - Laine Mesikäpp's feature film debut was in the 1956 film adaptation of Oskar Luts' 1933 story Tagahoovis, directed by Viktor Nevežin. Mesikäpp reprised her role of Berta for the film; a role she had played previously onstage as an actress at the Estonian Drama Theatre. This was followed by small roles in the 1960 Herbert Rappaport directed drama Vihmas ja päikeses for Tallinna Kinostuudio and the 1962 musical comedy color film Laulu sõber directed by Ilja Fogelman and Reet Kasesalu, also for Tallinna Kinostuudio.[6] - Other film appearances include roles in the 1968 film adaptation of August Kitzberg's novel Libahunt; the 1981 Arvo Kruusement directed Karge meri, based on the 1938 novel of the same name; and as Aunt Kaie in the 1989 Leida Laius directed drama Varastatud kohtumine. All of which were produced by Tallinnfilm. Mesikäpp's final film appearance would be an uncredited role in Pekka Karjalainen directed black and white comedy Hysteria in 1993.[7] - From a very early age, Laine Mesikäpp had a strong interest in traditional Estonian music, songs, dance, stories and national dress. She began collecting and performing folk songs from all over Estonia while still a teenager. In 1947, Estonia held its first Estonian Song Festival since the Soviet annexation in 1944 and Mesikäpp performed. When the choir, and subsequently the audience, began singing the patriotic ""Mu isamaa on minu arm"" (""My Fatherland is My Love"") in a burst of Estonian patriotism and in defiance of Soviet rule, the crowd roared with approval, outraging Soviet authorities.[8][9][10] This event sparked Mesikäpp to begin organizing parties and festivals promoting traditional Estonian folk music and dance. Although not an overtly political statement, it was, in part, an attempt to preserve Estonian customs and an attempt to halt russification.[11][12] - Mesikäpp remained active in the collection and promotion Estonian folk music throughout her life. She was a member of the Leigarid Folk Art Ensemble; a folk art collective founded in 1969 which promoted Estonian culture through music and dance.[13] - Laine Mesikäpp was married to Karl Koppel, who died in 1988. In her later years, she was a resident at an assisted living facility for the elderly in Iru in Harju County, where she died in 2012 at age 95.[14] -",2023-08-26 18:27:30 -Circuit switching - Wikipedia," - Circuit switching is a method of implementing a telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel (circuit) through the network before the nodes may communicate. The circuit guarantees the full bandwidth of the channel and remains connected for the duration of the communication session.[1] The circuit functions as if the nodes were physically connected as with an electrical circuit. - Circuit switching originated in analogue telephone networks where the network created a dedicated circuit between two telephones for the duration of a telephone call.[2] It contrasts with message switching and packet switching used in modern digital networks in which the trunk lines between switching centres carry data between many different nodes in the form of data packets without dedicated circuits. - The defining example of a circuit-switched network is the early analogue telephone network. When a call is made from one telephone to another, switches within the telephone exchanges create a continuous wire circuit between the two telephones, for as long as the call lasts. - In circuit switching, the bit delay is constant during a connection (as opposed to packet switching, where packet queues may cause varying and potentially indefinitely long packet transfer delays). No circuit can be degraded by competing users because it is protected from use by other callers until the circuit is released and a new connection is set up. Even if no actual communication is taking place, the channel remains reserved and protected from competing users. - While circuit switching is commonly used for connecting voice circuits, the concept of a dedicated path persisting between two communicating parties or nodes can be extended to signal content other than voice. The advantage of using circuit switching is that it provides for continuous transfer without the overhead associated with packets, making maximal use of available bandwidth for that communication. One disadvantage is that it can be relatively inefficient because unused capacity guaranteed to a connection cannot be used by other connections on the same network. In addition, calls cannot be established or will be dropped if the circuit is broken. - For call setup and control (and other administrative purposes), it is possible to use a separate dedicated signalling channel from the end node to the network. ISDN is one such service that uses a separate signalling channel while plain old telephone service (POTS) does not. - The method of establishing the connection and monitoring its progress and termination through the network may also utilize a separate control channel as in the case of links between telephone exchanges which use CCS7 packet-switched signalling protocol to communicate the call setup and control information and use TDM to transport the actual circuit data. - Early telephone exchanges were a suitable example of circuit switching. The subscriber would ask the operator to connect to another subscriber, whether on the same exchange or via an inter-exchange link and another operator. The result was a physical electrical connection between the two subscribers' telephones for the duration of the call. The copper wire used for the connection could not be used to carry other calls at the same time, even if the subscribers were in fact not talking and the line was silent. - In circuit switching, a route and its associated bandwidth is reserved from source to destination, making circuit switching relatively inefficient since capacity is reserved whether or not the connection is in continuous use. Circuit switching contrasts with message switching and packet switching.[3] Both of these methods can make better use of available network bandwidth between multiple communication sessions under typical conditions in data communication networks. - Message switching routes messages in their entirety, one hop at a time, that is, store and forward of the entire message. Packet switching divides the data to be transmitted into packets transmitted through the network independently. Instead of being dedicated to one communication session at a time, network links are shared by packets from multiple competing communication sessions, resulting in the loss of the quality of service guarantees that are provided by circuit switching. - Packet switching can be based on connection-oriented communication or connection-less communication. That is, based on virtual circuits or datagrams. - Virtual circuits use packet switching technology that emulates circuit switching, in the sense that the connection is established before any packets are transferred, and packets are delivered in order. - Connection-less packet switching divides the data to be transmitted into packets, called datagrams, transmitted through the network independently. Each datagram is labeled with its destination and a sequence number for ordering related packets, precluding the need for a dedicated path to help the packet find its way to its destination. Each datagram is dispatched independently and each may be routed via a different path. At the destination, the original message is reordered based on the packet number to reproduce the original message. As a result, datagram packet switching networks do not require a circuit to be established and allow many pairs of nodes to communicate concurrently over the same channel. - Multiplexing multiple telecommunications connections over the same physical conductor has been possible for a long time, but each channel on the multiplexed link was either dedicated to one call at a time, or it was idle between calls. -",2023-08-26 18:27:33 -Zapardiel de la Cañada - Wikipedia,"Zapardiel de la Cañada is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 149 inhabitants. - - This article about a location in the province of Ávila, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:27:38 -Gu Linfang - Wikipedia,"Gu Linfang (Chinese: 顾林昉; September 1928 – 16 February 2019) was a Chinese police official and politician. He served as Secretary-General of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, a minister-level position, and as Vice Minister of the Ministry of Public Security. - Gu was born in September 1928 in Nantong, Jiangsu, Republic of China. He began participating in the Communist revolution in May 1942, and joined the Communist Party of China in July 1947.[1][2] - After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Gu began working in the Ministry of Public Security in October 1950. He was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and sent to perform hard labour in the countryside. He was later politically rehabilitated in November 1971 and served in the Public Security Bureau in Beijing, and later as Deputy Police Chief in Shanghai.[1][2] - In 1972, Gu served as head of the team in the Ministry of Public Security that captured the Soviet spy Li Hongshu (李洪枢).[3] - From December 1980, Gu served in the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, as Head of its General Office and later Deputy Secretary-General. In October 1986, he was promoted to Secretary-General of the commission, a minister-level position. In May 1988, he was appointed a minister-level Vice Minister of the Ministry of Public Security.[1][2] He also served as a Standing Committee Member of the 8th National People's Congress.[1] - Gu retired in December 1999. He died on 16 February 2019 in Beijing, at the age of 90.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 18:27:41 -PixelJunk 4am - Wikipedia,"PixelJunk 4am, formerly called PixelJunk Lifelike, is a music video game and music visualizer developed by Q-Games. It is part of the PixelJunk series of downloadable games for the PlayStation 3. PixelJunk 4am makes use of the PlayStation Move controller to visualize included music (by Baiyon) and users' own music.[3] The first trailer was released in September 2010.[4] - PixelJunk 4am received ""mixed"" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.[5] - - This music video game–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:27:45 -Ulkan - Wikipedia,"Ulkan (Russian: Улькан) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kazachinsko-Lensky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Population: 5,412 (2010 Census);[1] 5,853 (2002 Census);[5] 9,152 (1989 Census).[6] - - This Irkutsk Oblast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:27:49 -Heinz Politzer - Wikipedia,"Heinz Politzer (December 31, 1910 – July 30, 1978) was an internationally recognized academic and writer. As a young man he was forced to flee Nazism first to Palestine and then to the United States, where he taught German language and literature as a professor at the Bryn Mawr College, Oberlin College, and the University of California, Berkeley. He was a literary scholar, published poet, and prominent editor, particularly of Franz Kafka. As a close associate of Kafka's protégé, Max Brod, Politzer coedited with Brod the first complete collection of Kafka's works in eight volumes, published initially by the Schocken publishing house of Berlin during the early years of the Nazi dictatorship and subsequently by the successor firm Schocken Books in New York. - Politzer was born in Vienna to Marie (née Löwenthal) and Moritz Sigmund Politzer, a courtroom lawyer. After completing secondary schooling at a humanities-focused Gymnasium in 1929, he enrolled at the University of Vienna and studied German and English literatures. He transferred in 1931 to the Charles University in Prague, where he began dissertation research on Kafka. In 1933–35, he collaborated with Max Brod, comparing the already published versions of Kafka's books with the original manuscripts in order to prepare volumes 1-4 of Kafka's collected works for publication. He also worked on parts of volume 5 prior to emigrating. - Fleeing fascism, Politzer moved to Palestine in 1938. There he befriended Martin Buber and enrolled from 1938 to 1940 at the Hebrew University. He was involved with the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom in 1938–39, prior to relocating to the U.S. in 1947, where he matriculated at Bryn Mawr College. He taught there as an instructor, completed a Ph.D. in 1950 with a dissertation on Kafka (work for which had begun in Prague), and advanced to an assistant professorship. He was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1952 and in the same year converted from Judaism to Episcopalianism. In 1976, he converted to Roman Catholicism. - Politzer taught and conducted research as an associate professor at Oberlin College starting in 1952, and then in 1960 received an appointment as a full professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he held tenure until his retirement in 1978. His scholarly focus was on the writings and influence of Franz Kafka, German and Austrian literature, Fin-de-Siecle Vienna, and the psychoanalytical approach to literary interpretation. During the last decade of his life, he became immersed in the works of Sigmund Freud, resulting in his volume Freud and Tragedy, which appeared posthumously (German edition 2003, English version 2006). He was a highly respected teacher, especially beloved by the graduate students who took part in his advanced seminars. - With his first wife, Ilse née Schröter, he had one daughter, Maria. He was survived by his second wife, Jane née Horner, with whom he had four sons, Michael, David, Stephen, and Eric, as well as his sister Kate. In recognition of his many contributions to the study of Austrian literature and culture, his ashes are interred at the historic Petersfriedhof in Salzburg, Austria. - Among many prizes and honors, he was three times a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship (1958, 1966, 1974). In 1963, the Commonwealth Club of California awarded him its silver medal. In his homeland, he received the Austrian Cross (1966), the Grillparzer Ring (1972), and the Vienna Humanities Prize (1974) as well as an invitation to deliver the inaugural address at the 1976 Salzburg Music Festival. He also was awarded the key to the City of Vienna. Germany conferred upon him an Officer's Cross, and on his 65th birthday his colleagues presented him with a Festschrift.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:27:52 -E. S. Jennison - Wikipedia,"Edwin Shannon Jennison (1832-1895), better known as E. S. Jennison, was an American architect from Chicago, Illinois. - Jennison was born in 1832 in Walpole, New Hampshire. He later relocated to Michigan, where he attended the University of Michigan, class of 1868.[1] He immediately opened an architect's office in Chicago. He remained active in his profession until his death in 1895. - He is most notable for his design of New Mexico's first Capitol Building. -",2023-08-26 18:27:56 -Al-Qaiqan Mosque - Wikipedia,"Al-Qaiqan Mosque (Arabic: جَامِع الْقَيْقَان, romanized: Jāmiʿ al-Qayqān, lit. 'Mosque of the Crows') is one of the oldest surviving mosques in Aleppo, Syria. It is located in the western part of the Ancient City of Aleppo, within the historic walls of the city, to the north of the Gate of Antioch. - During the ancient times, the building had served as a Hittite pagan temple. It was turned into a mosque during the 12th century. Old carved stones with Hittite inscription were used in the construction of the mosque. Two old basalt columns could be seen at the main entrance of the building. On the southern wall of the mosque, a stone block with Anatolian hieroglyphs inscription could be found.[1] Both Telipinu and Talmi-Šarruma, descendants of Šuppiluliuma I, are mentioned in the inscription on the south wall of the building. - The mosque was enlarged in 1965 and entirely renovated in 1996.[citation needed] - - This article about a mosque or other Islamic place of worship in Syria is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:00 -Tor2Door - Wikipedia,"Tor2Door, founded in 2020,[1] is a darknet market.[2][3][4] - Tor2Door was launched in July 2020.[5] It has postings on digital product categories.[1] - Its non-centralized operation protects online users and prevents the disclosure of their private or financial details.[6] - In 2021, Tor2door was among the 30 darknet marketplaces that sold things made using stolen data.[7][8] -",2023-08-26 18:28:03 -"Hrib, Črnomelj - Wikipedia","Hrib (pronounced [ˈxɾiːp]) is a small village in the Municipality of Črnomelj in southeastern Slovenia. From 1952 until 2000, the area was part of the settlement of Breg pri Sinjem Vrhu.[2][3] The village is part of the traditional region of White Carniola and is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.[4] - - This article about the Municipality of Črnomelj in Slovenia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:07 -Nicholas Throckmorton - Wikipedia," - Sir Nicholas Throckmorton (or Throgmorton) (c. 1515/1516 – 12 February 1571) was an English diplomat and politician, who was an ambassador to France and later Scotland, and played a key role in the relationship between Elizabeth I of England and Mary, Queen of Scots. - Nicholas Throckmorton was the fourth of eight sons of Sir George Throckmorton of Coughton Court, near Alcester in Warwickshire and Katherine, daughter of Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden and Elizabeth FitzHugh, the former Lady Parr.[1] Nicholas was an uncle of the conspirator Francis Throckmorton. He was brought up in the households of members of the Parr family, including that of his cousin Catherine Parr, the last queen consort of Henry VIII. He became acquainted with young Lady Elizabeth when he was serving in the household of the dowager queen and her new husband Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley and became a close confidant.[citation needed] In his youth, he also became favourable to the Protestant Reformation.[2] - After the execution of Lord Thomas Seymour in 1549 and the downfall of Protector Somerset later in the year, Throckmorton managed to distance himself from those affairs and eventually became part of the circle of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland and confidant of the young king Edward VI. - He sat in Parliament from 1545 to 1567, initially as the member for Maldon and then from 1547 for Devizes (a seat previously held by his brother Clement Throckmorton). During the reign of Edward VI, he was in high favour with the regents. - In 1547, he was present at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh during the invasion of Scotland. He was knighted in 1551, and the title included numerous benefits, including land grants, that gave him financial security. He held the post of under-treasurer at the Tower mint from 1549 to 1552. In March 1553, he was elected knight of the shire for Northamptonshire and then MP for Old Sarum (November 1553, which by then was already a rotten borough[3]), Lyme Regis (1559) and Tavistock (1563). - During the short-lived attempt to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne after the death of Edward VI in 1553, Throckmorton tried to keep contact with both supporters of both her and Queen Mary I. Eventually, he began to support the latter. - However, in January 1554, he was suspected of complicity in Wyatt's Rebellion and arrested. Later historians[who?] have suspected he was at least involved, either because of his Protestantism or due to his dismay at the growing Spanish influence in the court.[2] - Throckmorton was brought to trial at the Guildhall on 17 April 1554. He managed to convince the jury, which included Simon Lowe alias Fyfield, of his innocence, although the judges were openly hostile to him. They included Sir Roger Cholmeley, who was trying to impress Queen Mary. As a result of the verdict, the court fined and imprisoned the jury and sent Throckmorton to the Tower.[4] When he was released the next year, he fled to exile in France. Though people wanted to put him on trial again, he was pardoned in 1557, and was employed by Queen Mary.[2] - After Elizabeth's accession in November 1558, Throckmorton rose rapidly into favour because of his personal acquaintance with her. He sent her advice on the formation of her government, some of which she followed and from May 1559 to April 1564, he was ambassador to France. He was appointed both Chief Butler of England and Chamberlain of the Exchequer in 1564 for life. He continued to send letters and messengers with advice to the Queen and she often took his advice.[2] - Throckmorton acknowledged that Elizabeth had a central and active role in government, and in August 1560 he wrote to Elizabeth that peace between England and Scotland ""dothe cheffely depend uppon your majesties order & conducte"".[5] During these years in France, Throckmorton became acquainted with Mary, Queen of Scots. He conducted the negotiations with the English court regarding her travel arrangements when she decided to return to Scotland from France. Though he supported the Reformation, he became her close friend, willing to assist her and do her personal favours.[2] - As an ambassador, Throckmorton encouraged Elizabeth to aid the Huguenots, and he surreptitiously took a part in the war of religion. Throckmorton was allowed leave from his duties in October 1559 to visit his sick wife in England. Henry Killigrew was left as his deputy. When Throckmorton returned to France in 1560, the Roman Catholic leader Francis, Duke of Guise imprisoned him as a persona non grata. Guise was convinced that Throckmorton had been involved with the Tumult of Amboise, a Huguenot plot. Throckmorton later remarked that he was afraid he would be killed, but he was released and retained his post as an ambassador.[2] - In 1562, when religious violence began to intensify in France, Throckmorton wanted to support the mediation efforts of Catherine de' Medici. Later in 1562, when the Huguenot Prince of Condé had taken over Newhaven (modern-day Le Havre) in April, Throckmorton convinced the Queen to send military aid to the Huguenots in what was later called the Newhaven expedition. English troops garrisoned Le Havre in October 1562, but soon fell afoul of the Huguenots and, after the negotiations, the Huguenots turned against the English. After an outbreak of plague, they had to surrender the next year. Catherine de' Medici was suspicious of Throckmorton's schemes, however, and when Elizabeth sent him to negotiate with her in 1563, she placed him under house arrest. Elizabeth sent Sir Thomas Smith to negotiate his release. The two men soon began to dislike each other and in one stage almost came to blows, but Throckmorton was eventually released in 1564. - After Throckmorton's return to England, the Queen sent him as an ambassador to Scotland in May 1565. His mission was to prevent the marriage of Queen Mary and Darnley. He went to Stirling Castle on 15 May 1565 where ceremonies were being held to grant Darnley and his followers new titles. At first, he was refused entry to the castle, then Mary agreed to speak with him. The marriage went ahead in Edinburgh on 16 July.[6] - -After the murder of Darnley, Elizabeth sent Throckmorton to Scotland in June 1567. The Scottish lords had rebelled and captured Mary at Carberry Hill, and Elizabeth wished the lords to restore Mary to her authority. Throckmorton himself had recommended that Elizabeth should support the lords. Mary was held at Lochleven Castle and Throckmorton was not allowed to see her.[2] On 25 July 1567, William Maitland of Lethington came to see Throckmorton. As instructed by Elizabeth, Throckmorton asked Lethington if the plan was to restore Mary to the throne. If so, Elizabeth promised to help prosecute Darnley's murder and preserve Prince James. Throckmorton recorded Lethington's personal answer, which outlined that English interference was not welcome at this time, and might even be counterproductive, and Throckmorton would not be allowed to see Mary; Being in place to knowe more than you can knowe, I saye unto yowe ..., in case you doe on the Quenes majesties behalf your mestris, presse this company to enlarge the Quene my soveraigne, and to suffer you to goe unto her, or doe use any thretnynge speache in those matters, the rather to compasse them (rather than achieve them), I assure you, you wyll put the Quene my soveraigne in greate jeopardye of her lyffe: and therefore there is none other waye for the present to do her good but to give place and use mildness.[7] Elizabeth repeated her instructions to Throckmorton by letter on 27 July 1567. Elizabeth told Throckmorton he should argue that the lords had deposed Mary against scriptural law, citing Paul's letter to the Romans. Elizabeth noted that as she planned not to send financial aid to the rebel lords, there was a risk they might renew the Auld Alliance with France. Throckmorton was not to give a signal of approval or confirmation to the rebellion by attending the coronation of the infant Prince James as ambassador.[8] Throckmorton sent his junior assistant Henry Middlemore to the coronation instead of going himself.[9] - Throckmorton was working against his own advice and had contradictory orders from both his Queen and Sir William Cecil. The Scottish lords knew him as a friend of Mary and as a supporter of her claim to be a successor to Elizabeth, so he was an unwelcome guest. Some of Elizabeth's messages also offended the lords. Throckmorton was recalled in August after he offended Elizabeth by showing his instructions to the Scottish lords.[2] - In 1569, Throckmorton was suspected of involvement in the Duke of Norfolk's conspiracy in favour of Mary, and was imprisoned for a time at Windsor. Throckmorton may have erroneously believed Norfolk's idea would suit the wishes of the Queen. He was not put on trial, but did not regain the Queen's confidence afterwards. - Throckmorton died on 12 February 1571. He is buried in St Katharine Cree parish church, Leadenhall Street, London. - Throckmorton married Anne Carew, daughter of Sir Nicholas Carew, a Knight of the Garter and his wife Elizabeth Bryan, and they had 10 sons including Sir Nicholas Throckmorton and three daughters. Their daughter Elizabeth became the wife of Sir Walter Raleigh.[2] After his death, Anne married Adrian Stokes, the second husband, and former Master of Horse of Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk. - Contemporary political figures regarded Throckmorton with respect. One of these was Sir Francis Walsingham who had worked with Throckmorton in France. In 1560 William Cecil said he would be prepared to resign if Throckmorton would take his place and spoke well of him after his death, in spite of their constant disagreements. Some contemporaries also suspected Throckmorton was the éminence grise behind Robert Dudley. - At the time of his death, Throckmorton held the posts of the keeper of Brigstock Park, Northamptonshire; Justice of the Peace in Northamptonshire; and Chief Butler of England and Wales. London's Throgmorton Street is named after him. -",2023-08-26 18:28:10 -Guiteras - Wikipedia,"Guiteras is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:28:13 -NAHLI - Wikipedia," - Nahli, (professionally known and stylised as NAHLI), is a British singer and songwriter who has worked with DaVinChe.[1] Her moniker is her birth name combined with her dad's stage name (Natalie and Harley).[2][deprecated source] - NAHLI grew up in England with both parents being professional singers.[3][4] She was exposed her to a wide variety music such as Boney M, Abba, Elvis, Michael Jackson and Enya.[1][2][deprecated source] Writing a diary since the age of 5 helped her realise how she can transfer her thoughts from paper into song form.[1][3] From age three she took ballet lessons and attended Italia Conti on a half scholarship.[3] - NAHLI has expressed that she felt very split between two families and like she didn't fit anywhere and was a burden. Her parents divorced when she was young and both her mum and dad had a children with a new partners. Her friend Simon, died when NAHLI was 15 and her life began to crumble..[4][2][deprecated source] At age 16 she worked at Tesco to afford a trip to the Maldives.[5] - NAHLI has been working with DaVinChe for close to a decade and thinks of him as a big brother, mentor and friend.[1] They met when she was scouted to be in one of his projects and she says she hounded him to work closer with her.[3] - NAHLI has featured on tracks such as Professor Green’s ‘Bad Decisions’, Rude Kid's ‘Please Don’t’, Crystal Fighters ‘Costa Rica’ and Conducta's ‘Only U’.[6] She toured across Europe with SIGMA where they played concerts to over 50,000 people.[7][8] - In 2019, NAHLI released her debut solo EP named 'Therapy (Side A).[1] The cover art was designed by Aymi and portrays NAHLI with a distorted throat.[1] She stated that she hadn't spoken to her father for a few years and her ex fiancé ended things, so she penned tracks to express her feelings on the EP aimed at them.[3][2][deprecated source] - -In 2021, NAHLI released the singles ""Catch 22"", featuring Big Narstie and ""Something's Gotta Change"".[7][6][5] I hope people will see the things I have to offer as not only a music artist, but a painter too. I just have a deep desire to create. I’d like people to see me as someone with kindness and with the willingness to listen and help anybody where I can. I give a lot to music.[4] NAHLI thinks of the moon as God and regularly speaks with it and adorns herself with images of it.[1] - Human rights, especially topics of women's empowerment are important to NAHLI and she regularly discusses them in interviews and her music.[1][6] - NAHLI began painting when she broke her leg and her housemate, who was an artist, encouraged her to give it a go.[4][7] She often posts pieces to her social media platforms. She has painted portraits of Kurt Cobain and Dennis Rodman (which Carmen Electra gave a like to).[4] - She resides in East London but hails from Essex.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:28:17 -Družinovići - Wikipedia,"Družinovići is a village in the municipality of Prozor-Rama, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] - According to the 2013 census, its population was 158.[2] - This Herzegovina-Neretva Canton geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:20 -1960 Taça de Portugal final - Wikipedia,"The 1960 Taça de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1959–60 Taça de Portugal, the 20th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 3 July 1960 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Belenenses and Sporting CP. Belenenses defeated Sporting CP 2–1 to claim the Taça de Portugal for a second time.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:28:24 -Garrison engineer - Wikipedia,"A Garrison Engineer is a central government officer in Military Engineer Services. He is responsible for the whole infrastructure of the Indian Armed Forces and has the rank of Executive Engineer or Executive Engineer (Selection Grade) from the Indian Defence Service of Engineers. Garrison Engineer is a designation which is held either by a civilian officer of M.E.S. from IDSE Cadre or by a Military officer of the rank of Major/Lt Col from Corps of Engineers. The Garrison engineer's staff consists of at least three Assistant Garrison Engineers, a Barrack Stores Officer, an Accounts Officer, and Junior Engineers. Responsibility of the position is to maintain and improve the infrastructure of the Indian Armed Forces. As per Cantonment Act, the Garrison Engineer shall be Ex-officio Member of Cantonment Boards. Accordingly, he attends the meetings of the board. - The first Indian to become an officiating Garrison Engineer was Rai Bahadur Pandit Ram Prasad Tewari, who served in the Military Engineer Services from 1880 to 1920.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:28:28 -Clem Turner - Wikipedia,"Clem Turner (May 28, 1945 – December 20, 2009) was a professional American football player who played running back for four seasons for the Cincinnati Bengals and Denver Broncos.[1] He also wrestled professionally in the Midwest, most often in Indianapolis and Detroit, between 1972 and 1975.[2] He died on December 20, 2009 in a car accident.[2] - Turner was a running back at Woodward High School, and attended the University of Cincinnati, where he was also a running back.[2] Turner played one season with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League in 1967, the year they won the Grey Cup.[3] In the 1969 NFL season, Turner played for the Cincinnati Bengals, and from 1970 to 1972, he played for the Denver Broncos. In 1973, the Buffalo Bills acquired him, where he failed the physical.[2] He then went on to play in the World Football League for the Portland Storm and The Hawaiians.[2] - In 1972, Turner started in professional wrestling during the football off-season, working in locations like Indianapolis and Detroit. Turner wrestled at least until 1975.[2] - Turner died in 2009 at the scene of a two-vehicle collision in Cincinnati. He was 64.[2] - - This biographical article relating to an American football running back born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:31 -Hista fabricii - Wikipedia," - Hista fabricii is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in Brazil. It mainly occurs in the southern and south-eastern parts of the country, in areas of the Atlantic Forest. - The length of the forewings is 34 mm for males and 42 mm for females. The forewings are dark brown with two or three hyaline (glassy) spots at the apex. The hindwings are reddish orange with an extradiscal spotband resembling a spiral. Adults are on wing from September to April. - There are some records of larvae foraging in Tillandsia aeranthos, but the food plant is unknown. Pupation takes place in the ground at the base of trees covered with epiphytic Bromeliaceae. - The specific epithet is a tribute to Johan Christian Fabricius (1745-1808). - - This article relating to moth family Castniidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:34 -Results of the 2019 Australian federal election in Queensland - Wikipedia," - This is a list of electoral division results for the 2019 Australian federal election in the state of Queensland.[1] - This election was held using instant-runoff voting. At this election, there were three ""turn-overs"" in Queensland. Labor won the seats of Griffith, Lilley and Moreton despite the LNP finishing first. -",2023-08-26 18:28:38 -Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui - Wikipedia,"Al Haj Eng Economist Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui (الحاج محمد هاشم توفیقی) (June 6, 1942 – June 6, 2021, Kabul) was one of the candidates in the presidential election of 2009 in Afghanistan.[1] -Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui was an economist who fulfilled different posts in the previous states of Afghanistan. He was an admirer of Mohammed Daoud Khan, the first president of the republic of Afghanistan. His goal was to use Khan's industrial models to develop the industry in Afghanistan. Taufiqui has also had an important role in the drawing of these models during the presidency of Mohammed Daud Khan. -Under Mohammad Hashim Taufiqui's leadership, agricultural production increased from 20 thousand tons to 160 thousand tons. - Mohammad Hashem Taufiqui was the son of Mohammad Akbar Khan, son of Mohammad Ali Khan, son of Sardar Sultan Mohammad Khane Telayee and the son of Sardar Payenda Khan. - After graduating from Lese Habibya he joined the Faculty of Science in Kabul for one year. He then continued to his studies abroad in Germany and the United Kingdom for 11 years. There he learned mechanical engineering, industrial chemistry, management and political economy. - Taufiq was a candidate in the 2009 Afghan presidential elections. -Preliminary results place him 19th in a field of 38. -",2023-08-26 18:28:41 -Erika Dunkelmann - Wikipedia,"Erika Dunkelmann (17 November 1913 – 14 February 2000) was a German film and television actress.[1] Based in East Germany, she worked regularly for the state-controlled DEFA studios. - - This article about a German actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:45 -Statis Pro Baseball - Wikipedia,"Statis Pro Baseball was a strategic baseball simulation board game. It was created by Jim Barnes in 1970, named after a daily newspaper column he wrote for an Iowa morning newspaper, and published by Avalon Hill in 1978, and new player cards were made for each new season until 1992. A licensing dispute with Major League Baseball led Avalon Hill to cease production of new cards.[citation needed] The game, however, came with instructions for players to create their own cards, so each year many people produce their own player cards, and some even sell them online. - Due to the nature of the gameplay, the game was suitable for both solitary and head-to-head play. - The game set included player cards for most Major League players from the previous season, for all of the Major League Baseball teams, with position players and pitchers receiving different types of cards. In earlier sets, National League pitchers were assigned two cards—one for pitching and one for hitting—but this was changed by 1988, when each team was assigned a single card representing all its pitchers. - The set also included a rectangular game board, which resembled a baseball diamond. Around the diamond were arrayed spots to place the stack of cards for the batters and pitchers for each team. There were also several cards which allowed results from bunting, base stealing, extra bases, etc. to be determined (see below). - To facilitate play, a large deck of 98 cards with random results was used. These were called Fast Action Cards (FACs), and were used instead of dice, which many similar games utilized. Each card had four results—two per side, one right-side up, one upside-down—which increased the possible number of results. The random numbers utilized an octal (base 8) system (using 1–8) and ran from 11–88, excluding numbers ending in 9 or 0 (i.e., 11–18, 21–28 ... 81–88), for a total of 64 numbers. The cards also contained further information used for gameplay (as detailed below). - Additionally, the game included ""out"" sheets to enable the player to determine how outs were made during a particular at-bat (see below for more detail). Finally, tracking play was done with scorecards, similar to those used to track the results of a real Major League game, but with additional spaces for information necessary for the game. - Batter cards contained the following information: - In addition, each batter would have ranges for the following results (proportionate to the batter's likelihood of achieving each result): - Pitcher cards contained the following information: - In addition, each pitcher would have ranges for the following results (proportionate to the pitcher's likelihood of achieving each result): - Originally the game was played with a set of dice and a yellow cardboard square which had result numbers 11–88 as well as results for clutch hitting, pitching, and defense arranged in a circle within the square. A metal spinner was affixed to the center of the square. Play was incorporated by rolling the dice to get a number between 2–12 which would determine if the play result would come from the pitchers card or the batters card. Then the spinner would be spun and the resulting number or other occurrence would give the play result. - Much like a real game, a game of Statis Pro Baseball would begin by choosing teams, pitchers, and line-ups. This could be done with two players, each managing a different team, or with one player managing both. In order to simulate a real season, each player card indicated which positions a players was allowed to play, and for how many games during a full season (e.g., a card might indicate a player could play 100 games at shortstop, 30 games at third base, and 10 games at catcher; similarly, a pitcher might indicate 10 games as a starter, and 25 as a reliever). - Each at-bat was simulated the same way. First, a Fast Action Card (FAC) would be drawn to determine a PB number, from 2 to 12. This would be compared to the PB rating on the pitcher's card, which ranged from 2–5 for bad pitchers to 2–9 for great pitchers. If the PB number was ""in range"", a new FAC would be drawn, and the random number would be compared to the pitcher's card to determine the result of the at-bat. If the PB number was ""out of range"", the resulting random number would be compared to the batter's card to determine the result. - For example, suppose a PB 2–9 pitcher is in the game, and that the PB number drawn is 6. This is ""in range"" (that is, between 2 and 9). Next, a random number is drawn—assume that number is 41. Looking at the hypothetical pitcher's card, we see that 41 is a strikeout. Thus, the at-bat is complete. If, however, the original PB number drawn was 10, it would be ""out of range"" and the random number would be compared to the batter's card. For this hypothetical batter, 41 is a home run. Using this example, it can be seen that the results depend a lot on whether the PB is ""in"" or ""out"" of range—simulating whether the pitcher or the batter controls that at-bat. Thus, 2–9 pitchers will be more effective because they control more at-bats than 2–5 pitchers. - Most of the results of any given PB and Random Number draw will be obvious to those who know baseball—1B, 2B, 3B, HR, K, BB are all familiar from boxscores. If, however, the random number falls into the Out range on either the batter or pitcher card, another FAC must be drawn to determine the type of out. Matching the CHT code with the FAC, the type of out could be determined. The outs used standard baseball scorekeeping (1=Pitcher, 2=Catcher ... 9=Right fielder), matched with codes unique to Statis Pro. These codes were then matched with the out charts to determine the exact result, based on number and position of the runners on base. The codes were as follows (using shortstop as an example): - Finally, if the code had an asterisk next to it, a final FAC would be drawn to check for error. This was done by comparing the error range on the FAC to the error rating of the fielder. For example, if the fielder's error rating was E2 and the error rating on the FAC was F8 to F10, then there would be no error. - In order to simulate ""clutch"" play, every player was assigned rating for BD (clutch hitting) and CD (clutch defense). These situations would be initiated by PB numbers on cards reading either BD or CD. - BD would only apply if runners were on base. In that case, a second FAC would be drawn for the Random Number. For pre-1988 cards, each batter was assigned a BD rating of 0, 1, or 2. The BD rating plus the Random Number would be compared to the BD Chart on the game board, possibly resulting in an extra-base hit. For 1988 and later, each batter had a unique BD rating on his card—the Random Number would be compared to the card, and the Chart could be ignored. If the Random Number fell outside the hit range on either the Chart or the card, play would resume with a new PB number. - If CD was drawn as the PB number, a second FAC would be drawn to determine the position involved. Next, a third FAC would be drawn for a Random Number. Using the CD rating of position player (pre-1988, CD0 through CD2; 1988 and later, CD1 through CD4) and the Random Number, the CD chart would be consulted to determine the outcome of the play. - Very occasionally, a PB number of Z would be drawn. Z indicated an unusual play, and would result in drawing of a second FAC for the Random Number, and then consulting the Unusual Play Chart. Random Numbers of 11–44 covered unusual plays such as ejections, catcher interference, rainouts, etc. Numbers 44–78 covered unlikely defensive plays, such as triple plays (although many were applicable only if specific combinations of runners were on base). Finally, numbers 81–88 indicated that an injury had occurred. This led to the drawing of another Random Number to determine the result of the play and who was injured. Then, using another Random Number matched with the player's INJ rating, the number of games to be missed could be determined (the fewer games missed in real-life, the fewer games missed in the simulation). - Though an entire game could be played as described above, Statis Pro had a number of advanced features to simulate managerial/coaching decisions such as bunting, base-stealing, hitting-and-running, taking extra bases, playing the infield in, etc. In most cases, these would be done by the manager of the hitting team announcing a decision before the draw of a PB number for a new batter. - In order to steal a base, for example, the manager would announce which runner was stealing. A FAC would be drawn, and the resulting Random Number would be compared to the base-stealing chart on the game board. The results varied based on whether the runner was stealing second, third, or home. Depending on the draw, it might be necessary to consult the runner's SP (base-stealing) rating. - To sacrifice bunt, the process would be the same as for stealing, except that the sacrifice bunting chart would be used. The results would depend on the Random Number and the batter's Sac (sacrifice bunting) rating. - From the pitching side, in order to simulate fatigue, every pitcher would be assigned a two Reduction Ratings (one for starting, one for relief). Each time the pitcher surrendered a hit, walk, run, wild pitch, or hit batsman, his rating would be reduced by one point (e.g., a walk and then a home run would be 4 points - one each for the walk and the hit, and then two for the runs scored). Once a pitcher's Reduction Rating reached zero, a PB number would no longer be drawn for each hitter—instead, all at-bats would begin with a FAC Random Number draw being compared to the hitter's card. Because of this, it was usually advisable to remove a pitcher once his reduction hit zero (or even before). - Since Avalon Hill ceased production, many players have resorted to creating their own player cards, using the formulas provided in the game instructions. Some have even created new FACs to make the Random Number and PB Number draws more truly random. Others have created new rules in order to add further realism to the game (such as rules for foul balls, special rules for different ballparks, etc.). -",2023-08-26 18:28:48 -Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two - Wikipedia," - Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two is a 2012 platform video game developed by Junction Point Studios and published by Disney Interactive Studios, and is the sequel to Epic Mickey. The game was first released on the PlayStation 3, Wii, Wii U, and Xbox 360 in November 2012, and would make further releases on the PlayStation Vita, and Microsoft Windows over the next two years. The game features an optional co-op mode where a second player plays as Oswald and assist the first player, Mickey, in saving the Wasteland. The game also has a companion called Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion for the Nintendo 3DS.[2] - All has been well in Wasteland since Mickey Mouse saved it from destruction by the Shadow Blot, with the world's inhabitants beginning its restoration, but a series of earthquakes have been occurring lately. The Mad Doctor, who survived his previous defeat and mostly communicates by singing, arrives and asks Oswald to join forces with him in order to save Wasteland. Not trusting the Mad Doctor, Gus, the leader of the Gremlins, and Ortensia, Oswald's wife, contact Mickey, who enters Yen Sid's workshop once more and takes the magic paintbrush to aid him as he enters Wasteland. Oswald joins up with them in Dark Beauty Castle, explaining the Mad Doctor warned him of the Blotworx - Blotlings piloting Beetleworx-like machines. The castle begins collapsing from an earthquake, forcing them to escape; Oswald retrieves his powerful remote en route. - Mickey and Oswald arrive in Mean Street, which has been split in half by the earthquake, where Gremlin Jamface advises them to fix the disabled projectors via their control station in Rainbow Falls. They fight their way through Wasteland, fighting various Blotlings, Beetleworx and Blotworx. After heading to the Mad Doctor's lab in Disney Gulch and defeating a Blotworx dragon, they find out the projectors were intentionally sabotaged with evidence pointing to fellow gremlin, Prescott, who has been acting strangely. The group follows him to Fort Wasteland, an area that was seemly destroyed during the Blot's revolt, and help one of the Lonesome Ghosts befriend the local Blotlings, whom he believes are just misunderstood. They are then led to the Floatyard, where they find Prescott has built a massive robot designed after him, which he uses to attack the group. Destroying or trapping the robot, Mickey and Oswald try interrogating Prescott, only to have Animatronic Daisy Duck's news team and the Mad Doctor arrive. The Mad Doctor seems to put Prescott in a hypnotic trance, making him confess to being behind the chaos which convinces everyone except for the duo. The Mad Doctor later announces he will be building a new attraction as a victory celebration. The toons of Wasteland begin to accept him as their leader instead of Oswald, to the latter's dismay. - Concerned, Mickey and Oswald follow the Mad Doctor's trail through Ventureland to his hideout, which leads them through Autotopia, another area that was also supposedly destroyed during the Blot's revolt. While traveling through a projector leading to Lonesome Manor's attic, they learn what happened to the Mad Doctor after the events of the first game; he crash-landed in Disney Gulch and set up his new lab there. It is also revealed that he was the one who created the Blotworx (made from Spatters and cars from Autotopia), but was forced to cast them out due to their hostility. After saving a captured Jamface, they find the Mad Doctor's diary, from which they learn that he convinced Prescott to build him a special device to broadcast a show called The Mad Doctor's World of Evil into Mickey's world where its ratings there would bestow upon him a new heart, allowing him to leave Wasteland. He also manipulated Prescott into sabotaging the projectors to keep anyone from reaching Autotopia and discovering his scheme. Wanting to become a toon again after learning that he was falling apart due to his toon parts interfering with his animatronics, the Mad Doctor began using his technology to enslave the Guardians, the primeval spirits of Wasteland, which has been the cause of the earthquakes all along. They confront the Mad Doctor at his attraction, now revealed to be a doomsday device used to destroy Wasteland, where he demands the brush from Mickey in exchange for their friends whom he has kidnapped, but Oswald prevents this from happening as it will make him unstoppable. They defeat the Mad Doctor, whose robotic body finally gives out and is either defeated or redeemed depending on which path was taken in his fight. Afterwards, all of Wasteland celebrates Mickey and Oswald's triumph with a parade highlighting the duo's major choices throughout the game. - Meanwhile, the Petes of Wasteland (with Petetronic being present if the thinner path was taken) kidnap Prescott, presumably having plans for both him and Wasteland. - Like its predecessor, Epic Mickey 2 takes place in a world based on classic and retired Disney characters and attractions. Likewise, the gameplay in Epic Mickey 2 closely resembles that of the original. One of the biggest updates is the addition of Oswald as a supporting character for Mickey; Oswald can either be controlled by the computer or a second player. Oswald uses a remote control in a way similar to how Mickey uses his paintbrush, to attack (or befriend, in some cases) enemy characters and to power or reprogram machines as needed to complete tasks. Oswald also has many other abilities, such as flying with his ears, taking off his leg, using his arms as boomerangs, etc. There are also some special abilities that can only be used when Mickey and Oswald are working together. In the PlayStation 3 version of the game, players are able to use motion controls using the PlayStation Move controller. - In August 2011, Destructoid posted an article that speculated that a sequel, Epic Mickey 2, was in development and showed possible box art for the game.[3] These rumors were further encouraged when Disney France and Warren Spector invited the French media to an ""epic project"" taking place on March 27, 2012. Nintendo Power magazine also commented on the rumor, stating that their April 2012 issue would include a ""top-secret"" title preview, with the preview for the issue showing a cropped down picture of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. - Game Trailers also stated that their March 22, 2012 episode would include a ""world-exclusive preview of Warren Spector's new epic adventure"" and that it would be ""notably significant"".[4] Warren Spector himself also commented on the game's development, revealing that he had ""a team of over 700 people working on the sequel"".[5] Following this, on March 20, 2012, the official French Nintendo magazine posted a comment on Twitter, revealing that Disney had plans to create a companion to the main sequel for the 3DS, under the name Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion.[6] - Warren Spector officially confirmed the rumors, revealing the sequel's title to be Epic Mickey: Power of Two.[7] Spector also directly addressed the camera issues that reviewers criticized in the first game, stating that ""they'll be working on it until the day we ship the second game. (There have been) over 1,000 specific changes made to the camera. Our goal is that you will not have to touch the manual camera controls even once to play through the main story path of this game"". - Spector also revealed that the game was to include voice acting and musical numbers, both of which were absent in the first game. Spector said: ""I'm such a geek about musicals, I love the co-op and next-gen stuff, but for me, when a character breaks into song, which they do on a regular basis in this game, it's magic"". - Spector also commented on the sequel's co-op features: ""It's drop-in, drop-out co-op, you can sit down at any time with a friend who is playing as Mickey, and you can take control of Oswald. If you're playing as a single-player, Oswald will be there every second of the game. He's not just a multiplayer character, he's a helper, whether you're playing alone or with a friend or family member"". Wasteland itself will feature old areas ruined by earthquakes and other natural disasters, as well as new areas such as Disney Gulch, based on Disneyland's Frontierland.[8] - 12 screenshots for the game were released in October 2012. Fans long speculated that the recently located Oswald cartoon Hungry Hobos (1928) would appear as an unlockable, but the final game included the Silly Symphony Skeleton Dance (1929) instead. - Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two later received a port to Sony's PlayStation Vita platform. The Vita version was developed by Blitz Game Studios (in collaboration with Sony Computer Entertainment), which has already dealt with the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 version of the game. This version was optimized especially for the Vita and that the defects of the original version were placed, in particular the frame-rate and artificial intelligence. Vita version supports a co-op online or ad-hoc.[9] - The previously canceled PC port of Epic Mickey 2 was given a limited release in Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic in October 2013.[10] - The game arrived in Japan exclusively on Nintendo's consoles (Wii and Wii U) on September 26, 2013. Nintendo 3DS sister title Power of Illusion (renamed as Mickey’s Marvelous Adventure) arrived with The Power of Two on the same day in Japan. Unlike the previous title Epic Mickey, Epic Mickey 2 was published by Spike Chunsoft in Japan.[11] - Epic Mickey 2 was made available on Steam in October 2014. Xbox 360 version was added to the list of Xbox One Backwards Compatible titles in August 2017.[12] - Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two received ""mixed or average reviews"", with most complaints being the game not fixing issues that were present in the original, as well as issues with Oswald's AI. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the Wii version 67.60% and 64/100,[13][19] the Xbox 360 version 60.80% and 59/100[14][20] the PlayStation 3 version 57.83% and 59/100,[15][21] the Wii U version 55.42% and 57/100,[16][22] and the PlayStation Vita version 51.50% and 57/100.[17][23] - Epic Mickey 2 was projected to sell over 2 million units worldwide. Despite heavy marketing and being released on several platforms, however, the game ultimately only sold 529,000 copies in the United States by the end of 2012,[36] a quarter of what its predecessor sold. Following these financial losses, Disney made an official statement on January 29, 2013 that Junction Point Studios was to be closed in order to direct resources to other projects, with Warren Spector also stating that he was ""in doubt"" about the future of the series.[37] - Epic Mickey was envisioned as a three part story by Warren Spector,[38][39][40] but a third Epic Mickey game was never announced, and developer Junction Point Studios was closed on January 29, 2013.[41] Spector commented on the closure that ""Disney just wanted to move in a different direction. Probably the right decision for them, frankly. No regrets. I had a great time working for Disney.""[40] Epic Mickey 2 was one of the last games to be published by Disney Interactive Studios before it closed in May 2016. - In 2016, concept art was leaked of a canceled kart racer based on the Epic Mickey franchise, named Epic Disney Racers, which was to include a number of other playable characters from Disney's legacy including Scrooge McDuck and Cruella de Vil, as well as Mickey and Oswald.[42] - A cancelled spin-off starring Donald Duck, named Epic Donald was leaked in 2022 with the concept art.[43] -",2023-08-26 18:28:51 -Mir-504 microRNA precursor family - Wikipedia,"In molecular biology mir-504 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. - This genetics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:28:54 -Skelley - Wikipedia,"Skelley is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: -",2023-08-26 18:28:57 -Messi and Maud - Wikipedia," - Messi and Maud (Spanish: La Holandesa) is a 2017 Dutch drama film directed by Marleen Jonkman.[1] In July 2018, it was one of nine films shortlisted to be the Dutch entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not selected.[2] - - This article related to a Dutch film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This 2010s drama film–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:29:00 -Settlement risk - Wikipedia,"Settlement risk is the risk that a counterparty (or intermediary agent) fails to deliver a security or its value in cash as per agreement when the security was traded after the other counterparty or counterparties have already delivered security or cash value as per the trade agreement. The term covers factors incidental to the settlement process which may suspend or prevent a trade from completing, even though the parties themselves are in agreement, are acting in good faith, and otherwise competent to perform. - The term applies only to risks inherent to the settlement method of a particular transaction. Broader risks of trading such as political risk or systemic risk may interrupt markets and prevent settlement, but these are not settlement risk per se. - One form of settlement risk is foreign exchange settlement risk or cross-currency settlement risk, sometimes called Herstatt risk after the German bank that made a famous example of the risk. On 26 June 1974, the bank's license was withdrawn by German regulators at the end of the banking day (4:30pm local time) because of a lack of income and capital to cover liabilities that were due. But some banks had undertaken foreign exchange transactions with Herstatt and had already paid Deutsche Mark to the bank during the day, believing they would receive US dollars later the same day in the US from Herstatt's US nostro. But after 3:30 pm in Germany and 10:30 am in New York, Herstatt stopped all dollar payments to counterparties, leaving the counterparties unable to collect their payment. - The closing of Drexel Burnham Lambert in 1990 did not cause similar problems because the Bank of England had set up a special scheme which ensured that payments were completed. Barings in 1995 resulted in minor losses for counterparties in the foreign exchange market because of a specific complexity in the ECU clearing system. - Settlement risk may be mitigated through various techniques, including: - This economics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:29:03 -Monna Tandberg - Wikipedia,"Monna Tandberg ( born 2 July 1939) is a Norwegian actress. - She was born in Oslo to physician Morten Odd Tandberg and painter Nora Heffermehl. She has been married to Per Bronken and Arild Brinchmann, and from 1993 she lived with actor Lars Andreas Larssen.[1] - Tandberg made her stage debut at Nationaltheatret in 1960, in the play Det smeller i dørene, an adaptation of Michel Fermaud's Les portes claquent [fr]. - She was assigned with Fjernsynsteatret from 1961 to 1964, and with Det Norske Teatret from 1964 to 1969. She has been appointed at Nationaltheatret since 1969, where she has played more than sixty roles.[1][2] - Tandberg was decorated Knight, first Class of the Order of St. Olav in 2007.[3] She received the Gammleng Award in 2009.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:29:07 -Jenny Vertpré - Wikipedia,"Jenny Vertpré, real name Françoise Fanny Vausgien, (6 September 1797 – 3 November 1865) was a 19th-century French stage actress. During her childhood, she performed under the name of Jenny, at the Théâtre du Vaudeville and then became a leading actress of Théâtre des Variétés (1821-1825), then of the Théâtre du Gymnase (1825-1834). She became the theatre manager of the St James's Theatre in London, she still performed at the Théâtre de l'Odéon in 1839, the year when she eventually retired. - She married Pierre Carmouche in 1832. -",2023-08-26 18:29:11 -AD Police Files - Wikipedia,"AD Police Files is a 1990 three-part original video animation produced by Youmex and animated by Artmic and AIC. Set in 2027, it is a prequel to the Bubblegum Crisis OVA series, focusing mainly on AD Police officer Leon McNichol, the future rival and love interest of Knight Saber Priscilla Asagiri. - Due to the legal conflict between Artmic and Youmex, the production of the series was stopped with only three complete episodes made. - Chronologically set 5 years before the events of Bubblegum Crisis, it focuses on AD Police (Advanced Police) inspector Leon McNichol's early days in the AD Police. - (as Linda Mathieson) - Japanese:[2] Hideyuki Umezu, Hitoshi Horimoto, Kiyonobu Suzuki, Morite Murakuni, Rena Yukie (as Rena Kurihara), Satoko Yasunaga, Shin'ichirou Miki, Toshiya Ueda, Toshiyuki Morikawa, Wataru Takagi - English (AnimEigo):[2] Amanda Tancredi, Amy Parrish, Charles Page, Christopher Alexander, David Kraus, Eddie Harrell, Eric Paisley, Matt Blazon, Michael Sinterniklaas, Rod Barker, Scott O'Quinn, Scott Simpson, Vincent Schilling - Japanese title - Maboroshi no Onna (幻の女) - Za Rippā (ザ·リッパー) - While investigating Paradise Loop, Iris is ambushed by Caroline. Caroline explains to her that long ago she had been competing for the title of CEO of her current company, however a man got the job because he concocted a falsified chart that compared her menstrual cycles to her productivity. To alleviate the concerns of the company's board of directors, she had most of her organs replaced with cybernetics. As a result, she got the job. In time, the same man came to work under her and they fell in love and eventually married. She later discovered he had cheated on her with a Paradise Loop prostitute, and when asked why, his response was ""real women are better after all."" After finishing her confession, Caroline loses all self-control and tries to kill Iris, but AD Police officers led by Leon and Gina arrive to save her, and Caroline flees. Shortly after, Leon tells Iris that if at least 70% of the human body becomes cybernetic, he or she is treated as a ""Boomeroid"" and can be killed with the same prejudice as a Boomer. But Iris believes Caroline is still human, and should be arrested instead. Fleeing to a subway train on the Loop, Caroline enters a car full of lowlifes and exposes herself, hoping to feel like a woman again. After AD Police stop the train with crash foam, she is found raped and stabbed to death. Leon then tells Iris that she got her wish: that Caroline died as a human. The episode closes with Iris opting to undergo the cybernetic surgery, and to ""throw away a bit of her humanity."" - Shita o Kamu Otoko (舌を噛む男) - In North America, the series is licensed by AnimEigo, who first released the series to VHS and Laserdisc in 1993 in Japanese with English subtitles. They later reissued it in both formats in 1995 with an English dub produced by Southwynde Studios in Wilmington, NC.[5] The show was released to bilingual DVD in 2004, with bonus content featuring music videos for various songs featured in the series as performed by Filipino singer Lou Bonnevie in addition to translation notes and production artwork.[6] On September 27, 2015, AnimEigo announced that they will be funding a brand new HD telecine of the series from the original 35mm film in-house through Kickstarter, with a Blu-ray release planned for 2016.[7] - In the UK, the series was licensed by Manga Entertainment, who produced their own English dub for VHS in 1994, and later issued it onto dub-only DVD in 2004.[8] Their release is now out-of-print. - Critical reception of A.D. Police Files has been generally positive. Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies describes The Phantom Woman as the video ""definitely not for the faint hearted"", noting that the ""design is good and the atmosphere well maintained, but it's Aikawa's script that will stick in your mind"".[1] She also praised The Man Who Bites His Tongue as a ""stylish, dark retelling of RoboCop"".[9] - Justin Sevakis of Anime News Network described A.D. Police Files as being ""a flawed work, but has enough memorable moments and beautiful, macabre touches to redeem it in some way."" -[10] - Raphael See of THEM Anime Reviews gave the series a rating of 3 out of 5 stars, praising the story and soundtrack but considered the animation to be ""average."" Overall, See states that ""If you're a BGC junkie, you'll definitely enjoy this one. Other people might want to save this one until they run out of other things to watch.""[11] - A.D. Police: Dead End City (Japanese: A.D.POLICE 終焉都市, Hepburn: A.D.POLICE Shuuen Toshi), a seinen manga series written by Toshimichi Suzuki[citation needed] and illustrated by Tony Takezaki,[12] is set between the first and the second part of A.D. Police Files. It was serialized by Byakuya Shobo on its seinen magazine Bandai B-Club between November 1989 and August 1990. Its chapters were compiled into a single volume that was later translated into English by Viz Communications for the United States and by Manga Books for the British audience and in French by Samourai.[12] - The manga is set in 2032.[12] The A.D. Police are an elite group of highly trained and specially equipped police officers, who have been formed to deal with terrorist activities and Boomer crimes in the city of Mega Tokyo. - The A.D. Police are offered a great deal of leeway in their activities, often blockading large sections of the city and causing great amounts of property damage in the course of fulfilling their duty. Despite their dedication to their jobs, however, the citizens of Mega Tokyo tend to dislike and distrust members of the A.D. Police, seeing them as corrupt and ineffectual. - In 1999, AIC created a reboot of A.D. Police Files called A.D. Police: To Protect and Serve that was broadcast by TV Tokyo. Unlike A.D. Police Files, it is set in universe of the reboot series Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040, and serves as a prequel to the aforementioned series. - Another OVA series revolving around the A.D. Police, Parasite Dolls, was released in 2003 by AIC. Like A.D. Police Files, it is set in the original Bubblegum Crisis universe and takes place directly after the events of the original OVA series. As of 2022, it is the last Bubblegum Crisis-related series to be released. -",2023-08-26 18:29:15 -Clarence A. Walworth - Wikipedia,"Clarence Augustus Walworth (May 30, 1820 – September 19, 1900) was an American attorney, writer, ordained Roman Catholic priest and missionary. Walworth was a well regarded writer who published numerous works related to the Roman Catholic Church.[1][2] - Clarence A. Walworth, the fourth child and oldest son Reuben Hyde Walworth and Maria Ketchum (Averill) Walworth, was born on May 30, 1820, at Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York.[2] - He was educated at The Albany Academy, and graduated from Union College in 1838. Then he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Canandaigua. - After a few years he abandoned the law, and instead studied theology at the General Theological Seminary in New York City. Before he completed his studies there, he decided to become a Catholic priest, entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, and continued his studies in Belgium. From 1866 to 1892 he was pastor of St. Mary's Church in Albany. - Walworth’s 1888 Andiatorocté; or, The Eve of Lady Day on Lake George and Other, Hymns, and Meditations in Verse was reviewed by Oscar Wilde: - “Andiatoroctè [sic] is the title of a volume of poems by the Rev. Clarence Walworth, of Albany, N. Y. It is a word borrowed from the Indians, and should, we think, be returned to them as soon as possible��.Poems of this kind were popular in the Middle Ages when the cathedrals of every Christian country served as its theaters. They are anachronisms now, and it is odd that they should come to us from the United States. In matters of this kind we should have some protection.”[3] - Walworth died September 19, 1900, in Albany, New York.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:29:18 -Tashan District - Wikipedia," - Tashan District (Persian: بخش تشان) is in Behbahan County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Tashan.[3] - At the 2006 National Census, its population was 13,829 in 2,855 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 13,312 people in 3,254 households.[5] At the latest census in 2016, the district had 12,009 inhabitants in 3,331 households.[2] - - This Behbahan County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:29:23 -Alexander F. I. Forbes - Wikipedia," - Alexander Forbes Irvine Forbes (13 April 1871 – 15 May 1959) was a South African astronomer, architect and artist, best known for his discovery of periodic comets. - Forbes was born in Kinellar, Aberdeenshire, Scotland on 13 April 1871. His father was an amateur astronomer who lived on the estate -""Blairythan"" in County Aberdeen[1] belonging to another amateur astronomer, David Gill. Forbes senior had built his own telescope and shared his interest in astronomy with his son.[1][2] - Forbes was educated in Scotland and moved to the Cape Colony, South Africa in 1896. He stayed in Woodstock, Cape Town where he worked as a builder until 1907 when he returned to Scotland to study architecture. He completed his studies in 1909 and became a member of the Institute of Architects. He returned to Cape Town and practiced as an architect there until 1932.[1][2] - In 1912 he participated in a tender for the design of the city of Canberra, Australia and his architectural design was among the initial shortlist of 46 but was not finally chosen.[3] - He lived in Rosebank, Cape Town where he built a 200mm reflecting telescope and a small observatory at his house, Craigie Brae which was in Liesbeek Road.[1][2] - Forbes lectured regularly on astronomical topics. In 1921 he read a paper on ""Reflecting telescopes, with practical directions for grinding and figuring the mirror"" at the Cape Astronomical Association and in 1927 presented ""Satellites and their movements"" to the Natal Astronomical Society. He wrote about astronomical instruments for the Journal of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa and notes about his astronomical work for the Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa.[2] - Forbes discovered four comets : - Forbes married Louisa Elizabeth Henrietta Crowther on 18 September 1900 in the Cape Province.[6] He retired to Hermanus in 1932, where he built another observatory at his house ""Blairythan"" and moved the telescope from Rosebank to Hermanus.[7] He designed the house and crafted all of its doors himself.[7] Here he continued his observations as well as his architectural work and painting. In 1956 he returned to Cape Town owing to ill health[7] and lived with his niece, Mrs. Hewiston[1] until his death in 1959.[2] - In 2009 one of his paintings, Hermanus Coast Line was sold at auction.[8][9] -",2023-08-26 18:29:27 -Linet - Wikipedia,"Linet Mor Menashe (Turkish: Linet Menaşi, Hebrew: לינט מנשה, born 5 March 1975[1]) is an Israeli-born Turkish-Jewish singer, best known for her performances of arabesque and pop music. She is very popular in Turkey, Israel, and the Middle East, mostly thanks to her grasp over multiple languages (specifically Turkish, Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Spanish, and English). - Linet was born and raised in Israel.[2] Her family had immigrated from Spain in the 15th century to the Ottoman Empire, like most Sephardic Jews, following the 1492 Alhambra decree, which exiled all Jews from Iberia.[3] Her mother, Leyla Özgecan (also known as Leya Bonana, Hebrew: לילה), was a Turkish classical music singer from Bursa.[4] Her father, Shmuel Menashe, was a resident of Istanbul. Both of her parents are Turkish-Jews (specifically, Sephardic). She has two sisters.[5] On 18 March 2022, Linet's mother, Leyla Özgecan, died.[6] - Despite reports that she had served in the Israeli Army for 3 months,[7][8] Linet stated in 2021 that she had avoided serving in the military, after which she became a resident in Turkey.[9] - Linet currently resides at Ataşehir, Istanbul.[10] - Linet started her career singing together with her mother in events when she was as young as 5, and released her first single at the age of 16.[11] - In 1993, she participated in the Kdam Eurovision for winning a chance to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 with the song ""Aniana"" (Hebrew: אני אנא) but was placed tenth. She released her first album in Turkey in 1995.[12] Linet met Orhan Gencebay when she was 17 years old and released an album consisting of Gencebay's songs. She earned two gold certifications with this album.[5] - Linet returned to live in Israel between 1999 and 2006, where apart from recording albums in Hebrew, she opened a candy store.[4][7] Besides Turkish and Hebrew, she has recorded songs in Arabic, Greek, Spanish, and English as well.[13] - After an absence of two years in the Turkish music scene, she returned with a completely new look,[14] performing as a guest at the İbo Show.[15][7][16] Linet had been mentioned among the candidates to participate in the 2021 season of The X Factor Israel, which selects the Israeli representative to the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 held in Italy.[17] She was eliminated in the quarterfinals. - In August 2021, Linet performed together with the Jerusalem Orchestra East&West at the Arabesque Festival held in the city of Akko,[18] and also recorded Yalnız değilsin/חומות חימר (""You are not alone""/""Walls of Clay""), a song dedicated to women facing oppression around the world. The song was recorded in Arabic, Hebrew and Turkish.[19] - * Flags indicate the country in which the album was primarily released. -",2023-08-26 18:29:30 -Enkitta Mothathe (2017 film) - Wikipedia," - Enkitta Mothathe (transl. Don't mess with me) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action drama film, written and directed by Ramu Chellappa. The film features Natraj, Rajaj, Parvathy Nair and Sanchita Shetty in the leading roles. Co-produced by Eros International with RV Films, the film tells the story of two fan club leaders of the actors Kamal Haasan and Rajnikanth in Tirunelveli during 1988. The film had a theatrical release across Tamil Nadu on 24 March 2017.[1][2][3] - In May 2015, Eros International revealed that they would produce two Tamil language films in the forthcoming year — an action drama titled Enkitta Mothathe by Ramu Chellappa starring Natraj and Rajaj, along with Pirai Thaediya Naatkal by Abraham Prabhu featuring Ashok Selvan.[2] Director Ramu had earlier assisted director Pandiraj in Pasanga & Vamsam and Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga (2013) and worked as an assistant to director Selvaraghavan in Mayakkam Enna (2011).[4] He had wanted to make a film set in the 1980s after being inspired by Sasikumar's Subramaniapuram (2008) and had successfully narrated the script to Soundarya Rajinikanth, who had been on Eros's board at the time.[5] While writing the script, Ramu travelled to Nagercoil and Madurai and interviewed several cutout artists, while Natraj was given training by cutout artist Sada for his role in the film.[6] Production began in mid 2015, with the film revealed to be about opposing fan groups of actors Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan from the 1980s.[7] Parvathy Nair was picked for a lead role, after the director was impressed with her performances in Yennai Arindhaal (2015) and Uttama Villain (2015).[8][9] Sanchita Shetty was also cast in the film to portray a village belle and a Rajinikanth fan, who would be the love interest of Natraj.[10] - Natarajan Sankaran composed both songs and background score for this film, with Yugabharathi penning all the lyrics. - The satellite rights of the film were sold to Zee Tamil.[11] The film had a theatrical release across Tamil Nadu on 24 March 2017, with the Deccan Chronicle giving the film a positive review. The critic stated ""Enkitta Mothathey brims of life and enthusiasm and the cutouts bring this to the fore"" and ""Ramu Chellappa has done a good job in not the portraying the era in a frantic manner, but instead has used the fervent energy of the fans to its advantage"".[12] Likewise, The Hindu stated ""Enkitta Mothathe can hope to reach for the stars"" and that the film ""aptly reflects the times and lives of the cut-out artists of the 80s"".[13] The Times of India wrote ""a slew of characters, their unexpected plans to check the growth of the mandrams, a tale of friendship and two romantic tracks which run in parallel, keep the film engaging"" but that ""Ramu Chellappa doesn’t generate enough drama, and also fails to provide a satisfying conclusion"".[14] A review from India Today stated ""Despite a very very generic story, Ramu Chellappa has wonderfully captured the aura surrounding a Rajini-Kamal release"" and ""for the same, Engitta Modhathey is nothing short of a nostalgia trip"".[15] Despite the favourable reviews, the film was removed from most screens by its second week owing to extended competition at the box office.[16] Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote ""Slowly, Enkitta Mothathe begins to turn into one of those dramas where friends are manipulated by ruthless politicians and their henchmen. Even here, the director brings in Kamal-Rajini shadings.""[17] -",2023-08-26 18:29:34 -Hosea Hudson - Wikipedia,"Hosea Hudson (April 12, 1898 – 1988) was an African-American labor leader in the Southern United States. - Hudson was born in Wilkes County, Georgia. He worked as a sharecropper in what was then known as the ""Black Belt"" of Georgia.[1] Then he moved to Birmingham and worked as a steel-mill worker and a local union official while maintaining an active membership in the Communist Party,[2] which he joined after studying in New York City in the 1930s.[3] Through his work, Hudson was often referred to as a militant fighter against racist oppression and economic exploitation.[1] He is said to have been surprised at the acceptance of the Jim Crow Laws, but felt that was not enough.[3] - Hudson actively participated in the struggle to enfranchise the African-American minority in the Deep South. In 1938, he organized the Right to Vote Club, which helped literate African Americans to register to vote despite the systematic intimidation of potential black voters in the segregated southern states.[4] (Hudson himself had learned to read at the Communist Party's National Training School.)[4] - During the Red Scares of the post-World War II period, Hudson was expelled from the Birmingham Industrial Union Council.[3][4] In 1947, he was fired from his job, removed from his offices in Local 2815 (which he had founded), and blacklisted as a communist.[3] His 30-year marriage to Lucy Goosby ended in 1946.[3] - Hudson told his own story in his book Black Worker in the Deep South: A Personal Record (1972). It has been published in various editions, usually by small, progressive publishers. - In 1987, the historian Nell Irvin Painter co-authored a book about Hosea Hudson's life, often described as a collaborative autobiography.[5] His story is also featured in a collection of stories about the Civil Rights Movement,[6] as well as one on the Communist Movement in the United States.[7] - The Communist Party drew Hudson's attention after the conviction of the Scottsboro Boys and the attack of sharecroppers in Camp Hill.[8] One day, in September of 1931, he was invited to a Party meeting by an old co-worker, Al Murphy of the Sharecroppers' Union.[9] On September 8, 1931, Hudson attended his first Communist Party meeting.[10] There were only about seven other people at the meeting, all from Stockham Pipe and Fittings or the surrounding community. Given that Hudson did not know much about the Party before his first meeting, he questioned whether or not he ""could fit in."" However, he came to realize that none of the other attendees could read or write. During that first meeting, the points Murphy made convinced the eight men to sign up for the Communist Party and form a unit for Stockham workers. The new members elected Hudson to be the unit organizer.[11] - After a few months of organizing, Hudson's Party unit, despite the organizers' inexperience, ""became a training school for men who later helped to make great labor history in Alabama."" Since Hudson's unit was having success with Party organizing, stool pigeons became an issue at Stockham. To protect members from stool pigeons, leaders of the Party set up six separate groups. Hudson was the ""organizer of Unit 1, which was responsible for Unit Numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6."" A person stooled (he was only a member, not a leader) on Unit 1, and since members knew nothing of other units, the stool pigeon only damaged Unit 1.[12] - One Tuesday morning, the personnel manager pulled Hudson aside and told him he had to leave his company house. Hudson moved out the following Saturday. The Monday after, the assistant superintendent informed Hudson that he was fired, seemingly because of his Party work (the assistant superintendent asked Hudson about ""what [he's] in"" before firing him).[13] A few days later, someone told Hudson to reach out to a Party organizer from New York. With that organizer's help, Hudson, his unit, and the five other unit leaders distributed leaflets that exposed the names and personal/professional information of the six Stockham stool pigeons all around town.[14] - Many months later, while working a Welfare job, Hudson and his friend Bedell, who was also on Welfare, encouraged Hudson to get the Party unit back together. (After Hudson was fired, ""the rest of [the] Party unit got scared and quit."") When they successfully got the unit back together, the group ""began to read again and understand more about the Party and the history of the working class.""[15] - Years later in Birmingham, during November of 1933, Hudson and other Party members organized a meeting to work towards Union rights for Black industrial workers. At the meeting, when only nine organizers were present, police arrested eight of them. The city kept Hudson and another organizer in jail from Sunday night to Tuesday: the day of their trial. The judge charged them with holding a Party ""meeting to overthrow the government."" Hudson pleaded not guilty. The two organizers were then placed back in a cell and then sent home the following afternoon.[16] - In May of 1944, Hudson, as a member of the Labour and Industrial Committee, attended a conference to discuss Black voting rights. As a result of this meeting, the Negro Democratic Non-Partisan Voters League was formed and decided that Black people needed to work within their communities for the right to vote. Then, on a Sunday in Birmingham, the Committee of Industrial Union (CIO) met with two potential candidates, but neglected to invite the only two Black men in the organization. Therefore, at the next meeting, Hudson announced that he would not encourage the Black members of his local union, which was about 590 members, to vote for their candidate.[17] - While encouraging those in his community to vote, he began to influence veterans, especially those who fought against Hitler. It was during this time that Hudson started to build momentum. The Federal Bureau of Investigation noticed that Hudson was receiving attention and the FBI began to feel threatened. Due to this, the FBI launched investigations on the leaders of Hudson's platform and labeled them as dangerous. The FBI investigation influenced the Ku Klux Klan to launch attacks on Black communities that supported Black youth. The attacks did not stop with the terrorist group. Attacks would also come from leaders in politics. Said political leaders include the Director of CIO, the CIO state president, and the District Director of Steel Union.[17] - Hosea Hudson was involved with many organizations, unions, and held several different jobs from the 1930s to the 1950s. In 1933, he organized mass meetings of the unemployed in Birmingham, Alabama.[18] The goal of these gatherings was to draw attention to the use of unskilled workers to carry out skilled labor, specifically road construction, without appropriate wages. A few years later, he was heavily involved in a trade-union at the Wallwork Foundry of the Tennessee Coal and Railroad Company.[18] Unions were not allowed by the Wallwork Foundry, so the Steel Workers Union allowed him to become a member of a shop at another plant. From 1937 - 1938, he worked as the recording secretary of the Steel Workers Local 1489. Hudson was then elected a delegate to the second Southern Negro Youth Congress Convention in 1938, resulting in the loss of his job upon relocation to Birmingham, Alabama. There, he served on the planning committee with Henry O. Mayfield. - In the summer of 1938, an unemployed Hudson began collaborating with fellow Communist Party member Joe Gelders to form a club to encourage people to register to vote. The two worked to form a committee that went on to create the Right To Vote Club. One of the issues the group was trying to combat was the intentionally confusing and needlessly complicated steps necessary to appeal voter registration for Black Americans as opposed to white Americans.[8] - The club gained considerable acknowledgement from several organizations over the course of the next year. Members from the NAACP began attending and speaking at meetings. Eventually, the president of the Negro Democratic Voters Club approached Hudson to attempt to have the Right To Vote Club become affiliated with their organization. However, Hudson brought the idea to the attention of other members of the club and it was decided against.[8] - Later in 1938, Hudson began relief work for the Works Progress Administration. He was able to earn a living during this time by servicing roads in Birmingham, Alabama. Through connections made from his work for the WPA, Hudson attended a meeting for the Local I Workers Alliance Union in September of that year. During the meeting, the union began electing executive positions, and Hudson was elected to be the vice president.[8] As vice president, Hudson discussed issues regarding workers’ projects and relief aid with the head of the WPA at a conference in Washington, D.C. in 1939.[18] - In 1942, Hudson began working in the Jackson Foundry (Flakley Foundry Co.) where he organized Local 2815, United Steel Workers of America, CIO.[18][19] During this time, he was also a member of the Birmingham Industrial Union Council and named one of Birmingham Worldnewspaper’s “Men of the Year” in response to his role at the Alabama CIO convention supporting voting rights for Black Alabamians. At the Industrial Union Council meetings, he advocated for the election of Black delegates to the state Industrial Union Council, condemned discrimination, and addressed the 1945 lynching of two Black veterans.[18] In 1944, he became chairman of the Labor and Industrial Committee at a voting rights conference in New Orleans, Louisiana organized by Rev. Maynard Jackson. He formed an Alabama Black voting rights organization upon return. - Hudson remained an active member of the Communist Party throughout his involvement in other organizations and was nominated to the National Committee of the Communist Party in July 1945, receiving more votes than any other candidate.[18] He acted as the national representative of the South and organized the Party in Alabama and Louisiana. The Birmingham Post identified him as a member of the Communist Party in October 1947, causing him to lose his job at the Jackson Foundry and to be discharged from the union.[18][19] Afterwards, he found various plant jobs in the North including work as a mason and a janitor while continuing to work as an underground party organizer in the South.[18] - In 1933 Hudson and three other Welfare workers gathered 400 men and women to discuss the payment for doing Welfare jobs. The group decided they must see the Birmingham city commissioner and demand that the government pay Welfare workers in money, not grocery slips. One hundred and fifty people marched to City Hall and planned to send six spokespersons (five men and one woman) to speak to Commissioner Jones. Two city detectives asked the woman and men where they were going. The group said they were on their way to see Commissioner Jones, and one of the detectives pulled out a pistol and forced five of them out of the building. (Of the six delegates, one was white. He was allowed through.) Days later, the workers sent a committee of nine to the Commissioner's office, but nothing came of that meeting except for a few concessions.[20] - In March 1946, 150 people from Alabama representing 26 WWII Veteran groups came together in a convention and created the Alabama Veterans Association. At the convention, they ""voted to characterize the Gillem [Board] report as 'Too little and too late,'"" and discussed issues such as ""the need for greater hospital, health and recreational facilities, low-cost price-controlled housing, state and federal FEPC laws; abolition of the poll tax and anti-lynching legislation."" Hosea Hudson was one of the experts who led these discussions.[21] He was the president of Local Union 2815 of the United Steelworkers of America at the time.[22][21] - As co-author (with Nell Irvin Painter): -",2023-08-26 18:29:38 -Kyaw Thaung - Wikipedia,"Kyaw Thaung (Burmese: ကျော်သောင်း, born 9 May 1949) is a Burmese politician and former political prisoner who currently serves as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP for Sagaing Region No. 1 Constituency. He is a member of the National League for Democracy.[1] - Kyaw Thaung was born on 9 May 1949 in Sitee Village, Sagaing Township, Myanmar. He graduated with a B.Sc. degree in chemistry from Mandalay University. His previous job was at a youth computer centre. - In 1996, Kyaw Thuang was arrested and sentenced to 7 years with hard labor under Section 5 for his criticism of the SLORC National Democratic committee. In 2003, he was arrested for the second time in relation to the Tabayin uprising at Monywa prison. - Kyaw Thuang is a member of the National League for Democracy. In the 2015 Myanmar general election, he was elected as an Amyotha Hluttaw MP, winning a majority of 209486 votes and elected representative from Sagaing Region No. 1 parliamentary constituency.[2] - - This article about a politician from Myanmar is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:29:42 -1933 Campeonato Carioca - Wikipedia,"In the 1933 season of the Campeonato Carioca, two championships were disputed, each by a different league. - After the 1932 championship, talks began among the seven main clubs of the AMEA league to discuss whether to adopt professionalism, like APEA in São Paulo had done before, or not. However, after the league's statue was first drafted, only América, Bangu and Fluminense accepted it, although they were joined by Vasco da Gama, which reversed its previous position on that matter. The four teams were consequently expelled from AMEA, which was resolved to remain amateur.[1] Later on, Bonsucesso joined them, and CBD took a stance against professionalism, prompting LCF and APEA to break with CBD and form a rival confederation called the FBF (Federação Brasileira de Football). to bolster its importance, LCF and APEA agreed on the creation of an interstate tournament between the five LCF teams and seven APEA teams, the Rio-São Paulo Tournament. Meanwhile, other minor teams also joined LCF, and were organized into an affiliated league called the Subliga Carioca de Football (Carioca Football Subleague).[2] - Meanwhile, AMEA promoted a number of teams from the second level to organize a thirteen-team championship and began their championship before LCF, on April 30, 1933. However, only four weeks into the championship, Carioca, Flamengo and São Cristóvão left AMEA and tried to join LCF. Flamengo, runners-up of the previous year's championship, were accepted, even though they couldn't join the Rio-São Paulo tournament, which was already underway, but Carioca and São Cristóvão had to play in the Subliga instead. - The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by AMEA ended on December 3, 1933.[3] Botafogo won the championship for the 6th time. no teams were relegated.[3][4] - The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.[3][4] - The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by LCF (Liga Carioca de Football, or Carioca Football League) kicked off on May 7, 1933, and ended on November 15, 1933. Six teams participated. Bangu won the championship for the 1st time. no teams were relegated.[3][5] - The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.[3][4] -",2023-08-26 18:29:45 -The Bandit of Port Avon - Wikipedia,"The Bandit of Port Avon (Italian:Il bandito di Port-Aven) is a 1914 Italian silent film directed by Roberto Roberti and starring Bice Valerian.[1] It was made by the Turin-based Aquila Films. - - This article related to an Italian silent film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:29:49 -Murray Ryan (Canadian politician) - Wikipedia," - Murray Ryan (born 1966 or 1967) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in a by-election on September 3, 2019.[2] He represented the electoral district of Northside-Westmount as a member of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia caucus until his defeat in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election. - Prior to his election to the legislature, Ryan worked as an accountant.[2] He was selected as the party's replacement candidate in the by-election, after the dismissal of original candidate Danny Laffin.[3] - - This article about a Member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:29:53 -Who's Your City? - Wikipedia,"Who's Your City?: How the Creative Economy Is Making Where You Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life is a non-fiction book written by Richard Florida.[1] The book advances Florida's previous work on the locational choices of people and businesses. He adds a dimension of environmental psychology by assigning psychological profiles to urban regions according to the dominant personality traits of the people who live there. For example, the New York metropolitan area and the ChiPitts area have the highest concentration in the United States of people whose dominant personality trait is neuroticism.[2] The book ends with a ten step guide to choosing a location best suited to the reader's personality and life situation. - Since the 2002 publication of The Rise of the Creative Class, Florida has enjoyed academic and commercial success in his study and promotion of the concept of a creative class, or a cohort of highly innovative, highly creative individuals who are sought after by businesses. Who's Your City?, Florida's fourth book on the subject, combines scholarly research with a lighthearted self-help tone.[citation needed] - Some critics questioned the assumption that the target audience, those easily able to move, would consult the book for advice on moving, but also found the book provides a valuable insight into the impacts of locational choices on the urbanized world.[citation needed] - Economic geographer Richard Florida came to prominence when he popularized the concept of a creative class, or a subset of individuals whose work involves creativity and innovation. Florida's previous three books, The Rise of the Creative Class (2002), Cities and the Creative Class (2005), and The Flight of the Creative Class (2005), link the creative class with wealth generation and argue that the individuals in the creative class choose to locate in places with strong cultural and recreational activities, as well as an interesting nightlife. Cities that have offered those activities have attracted innovative people, and despite high land and labor costs, businesses have chosen to re-locate to those areas in order to access them. With the success of his creative class theories, Florida founded a consulting firm, called the Creative Class Group, to advise local governments and other organizations about how to attract creative and innovative people. Florida, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College in Pittsburgh until 2005, wrote his next book, Who's Your City?, after moving to George Mason University's School of Public Policy. By the time he agreed to move to the University of Toronto he was deemed an ""academic pop star"".[3] Upon his arrival, he was personally greeted by the mayor of Toronto and the premier of Ontario. Articles in the National Post and Toronto Star heralded his move,[4] an article appeared in the magazine Style at Home featuring his new house, and he was given a regular column in The Globe and Mail.[5] - Florida, Who's Your City?, page 7. - Who's Your City? is divided into four parts with a total of 16 chapters. The first part presents data that suggests the world's population and economy are becoming increasingly geographically concentrated into few mega-regions, such as BosWash and the San Francisco Bay Area. Thomas Friedman's Flat World Theory, or his assertion that distance and place is becoming irrelevant, is countered by Florida with maps of population growth, economic activity, innovation (as demonstrated by patent registration), and scientific discovery (as demonstrated by residence of the most heavily cited scientists). -Florida's maps show ""spiky"" concentrations in these mega-regions, although each region does not necessarily rank high in each category. For example, the Taiheiyō Belt ranks high in innovation but low in scientific discovery, and Indian and Pakistani cities show high population concentrations but low economic activity. Florida explains the existence of these geographical spikes by insisting that talented individuals tend to cluster to one another, creating a (non-linear) multiplier effect that attracts additional talented individuals to that geographical area. - The second part of the book presents evidence that globalization is creating a new class divide: those who are able to move to a different community to take advantage of opportunity and those who are rooted. This mobile class of people are differentiating urban areas in terms of values, culture, economic specialization, and other factors, and businesses are following the most talented people to these cities despite high land prices and labor costs. Florida also insists that a disproportionate amount of wealth is being generated in those cities which have been successful in attracting the creative class. Finally, globalization has reduced the importance of resource extraction and manufacturing in the economy and increased the importance of fields in which the creative class participate. - The third part of Who's Your City? examines the role of ""where someone lives"" as a factor of happiness. Florida's ""Place and Happiness Survey"", which he conducted with The Gallup Organization, shows that higher incomes and levels of education produces more community satisfaction, married people tend to be more satisfied with their community than singles, as older people as compared to younger people. In addition, renters are slightly more satisfied with their living arrangements than home owners, and people are generally satisfied with where they live. - Adding psychological profiles to his previous work, Florida was able to find strong connections between the Big Five personality traits and regions in the United States. For example, neuroticism is concentrated in the New York metropolitan area and the ChiPitts area, agreeableness and conscientiousness in the eastern Sunbelt area, extraversion in the Chicago metropolitan area, the St. Louis/Nashville/Atlanta area, and the South Florida area. Openness seems to be concentrated in the BosWash and the San Francisco Bay Area. Florida explains the results by linking the dominant forms of employment in the areas with the personality traits: manufacturing regions require people who are agreeable (i.e., they follow rules) and conscientious (they work with dangerous machinery), areas with high immigrant populations require that their residents exhibit openness, and management and sales-related jobs need workers with extroversion. Florida was also able to find that his ""Gay and Bohemian Index"", which connects gay and artistic communities to high growth and wealth generation areas, is a proxy for regions with large concentrations of the openness personality trait. - The final part of the book suggests that most people have three significant moves: when leaving their parents' home, when starting a family, and when retiring (or when their own adult children move out). When young people leave their home (or when they complete college), they tend to locate to areas that offer attractive job markets, cultural or recreational amenities, and rank high in quality of life factors. When they get married or have children, people choose areas that are perceived as safe and family-friendly. Florida suggests using a ""Trick-or-Treater Index"" to gauge if parents feel safe allowing their children to go door-to-door on Halloween. He also cites Catherine Austin Fitts' ""Popsicle Index"", which gauges how far are parents willing to allow their children to walk to buy a treat. Once retired, or when their adult children move away, people tend to gravitate towards similar areas as young people, if it is close to their grandchildren, but in quieter neighborhoods that provide opportunities for hobbies or for a second career. - Who's Your City? was intended to be a self-help book, based on scholarly research and an academic theory, that provided a reader the mental framework necessary to match their personality and life situation with the optimum city to reside.[6] Florida drew upon his past research on the geographical aspects of wealth generation and locational decisions of members of the creative class, as well as theories and opinions of other academics, like Jane Jacobs, and even those who have been critical of Florida's work, like Tim Harford.[7] New research included a psychological aspect to his theory. Maps, graphs, tables, and indices illustrate the text. -The book has been described as having a ""lighthearted tone...[that] doesn't always work"",[8] ""earnest...[with] forced exuberance"",[9] and wandering from a broad ""discussion of the world economy to home-buying advice"".[10] Doron Taussig of Washington Monthly described the book as a hybrid between ""academic form"" and ""professional-advice-giving"".[3][11] Several reviewers noted that while a popular audience is the target, the book is also of interest to professionals or students of the topic.[12][13][14] - Who's Your City? was published as a hardcover in March 2008 by Basic Books in the United States and Random House Canada in Canada. A year later, the trade paperback version was published in the United States. After Canadian reviewers commented on the US-focus of the book, a revised Canadian version, with some studies and maps expanded to include Canada, was published by Vintage Canada as a trade paperback.[15][16][17][18] An international version was published overseas.[19] Excerpts were published in The Globe and Mail newspaper and Fast Company magazine.[20][21][22] - While critics recognize the value in Florida's work, many found the premise behind Who's Your City? flawed.[23] The reviewer for Salon.com wrote it was questionable that ""anyone, least of all a member of the creative class, would need such a self-help book. ... Ambitious people already have a clear sense of where they need to be, and wannabes know but can't get off their rusty dusties and go"".[24] - Edward Featherstone, The Next American City[6] - Several critics noted that Florida sounded too eager to coin terms and that some of the pop cultural references and anecdotes were awkward. Environmental psychologist Michael Dudley pointed out copy-editing errors such as misspellings, and complained that Florida ignored existing literature on the topic of the connections between personalities and places.[16] Likewise, Tom Hutton in the journal Economic Geography noted the absence of influential academics Allen Scott and Peter Hall in the text.[13] -The reviewer in The Chronicle of Higher Education found the chapter that examined the Big Five personality traits to be the best part of the book.[25] In The Globe and Mail, reviewer Joe Berridge wrote, ""Like all self-help books, it suffers from the assertive blandness of soft psychologizing"", but called Who's Your City? an ""informative, insightful, imaginative book"".[26] Reviewer Nathan Glazer in The New Republic commented on the inappropriate urban area conglomerations like Delhi–Lahore, and geographical scales such as metropolitan areas.[27] -Steve Sailer of The American Conservative wrote a negative review and called Florida's conclusions ""professionally cautious"" so that they would not harm his consulting career.[28] The review in the Library Journal recommended the book for all libraries and stated that ""Although the text is occasionally overloaded with trendy demographic jargon, this thought-provoking and seminal work will surely be studied, not only by scholars but...by consumers pondering a move"".[14] - -",2023-08-26 18:29:56 -Pavithrotsavam - Wikipedia," - Pavitrotsavam is an annual ritual in the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, Andhra Pradesh.[1][2] Pavitrotsava is derived from the combination of two words Pavitra (holy) and utsava (festival). This utsava is penitential as well as propitiatory and its main objective is to get rid of the evil that might have been caused due to omissions and commissions in the performance of various rituals throughout the year. The festival is also known as Dosha Nivaarana (error correction),Sarva Yajna Phalapradha (The One ritual that equals the holiness of rites all year long),Sarva Doshopasamana (Removal of all errors), Sarva Tushtikara, Sarvakaamapradha, Sarvalokasantida.[3] - The Jayakhya Samhita explains that pavitra protects one from evil. The puranas prescribe Pavitra Aaropana (adorning the deity with pavitra - sanctified garlands of thread), as an integral part of the rituals during the worship of Lord Vishnu. The Agni Purana specifies that the first day of a lunar fortnight either in the beginning of the month of Aashada or the end of the Krithika should be chosen for performing pavitrotsava. The Garuda Purana says that this rite should be done on the 12th day of the dark or bright fortnight. - In Tirumala, the Pavitrotsavam ritual is conducted on Sravana shuddha dashami day.[4] - `Ankurarpanam' or the sowing of nine type of holy seeds in earthen containers is undertaken on the day preceding the festival. This ritual signifies the beginning of festival in the temple. This is followed by recital of vedas in a ritual called Mritsangrahana. The Ankurarpana and Mritsangrahana rituals are identical to those performed during Brahmotsava. Veda recitation is started after the Mritsangrahana ritual and this recitation of the Vedas concludes on the third day. Through the chanting of the vedas, Aavahana (Invoking) is done for Lord Vishnu in the Pradhana Kumbha (first of the holy container). There are 16 other Kumbhas surrounding this Pradhana Kumbha and it is believed that the various mantras which are recited infuse voice vibrations that have great religious and spiritual force. The Pradhana khumba is taken to the main deity on the concluding day and the augmented spiritual power is believed to be transmitted to the Moola Vigraha (Kumbha Aavaahanam).[2] The rituals on the three days include Thirumanjanam and Homam (prayer to sacrificial fire) to the main deity as well as primary idols of Lord Venkateswara. - Pavitras, the garlands made from special thread are taken in a procession and used to decorate Lord Malayappa swami and his consorts on the second day. In the evening of the second day, the idols are taken on a procession around the four mada streets. - During the three-day festival, Arjitha Sevas like Kalyanotsavam, Arjitha Brahmotsavam, Arjitha Vasanothsavam, Sahasara Deepalankarana Seva, Dolotsavam are cancelled while the morning rituals are held.[5] - The origin of Pavitrotsavam in Tirumala dates back to 1463 A.D. The stone inscription found on the northern wall of the Vagapadi verandah in the first Prakaara of the Tirumala temple gives a very detailed account.[2] The festival was instituted by Saluva Malliah deva Raja during the time of Saluva Narasimha.[4] The inscription refers even to the items of expenditure to be incurred in connection with the celebration of Pavitra Tirunal.[2] - The festival is believed to have been conducted until 1562 A.D. after which the ritual was stopped. The reason for discontinuing such an important festival is not recorded and remains unknown. TTD decided to revive the ritual that is followed in all Vishnu temples and the festival has been on the annual calendar from 1962 onwards. - Pavitrotsavam is an Arjita Seva - participation by payment to the Lord. TTD sells tickets to this service on the second and third days. Each ticket allows two persons and the primary ticket holder is given 10 dosas and Pongal on the second day and 10 dosas and Pongal, 6 vadas and vastram (one silk angavastram and one cotton blouse) on the third day.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:30:00 -Pretty Little Liars (Indonesian TV series) - Wikipedia,"Pretty Little Liars is an Indonesian drama mystery streaming television series directed by Emil Heraldi for Viu. The series is adapted from the American television series of the same name by I. Marlene King, which is loosely based on a series of books by Sara Shepard.[1] The series features an ensemble cast headed by Yuki Kato as Alissa, Anya Geraldine as Hanna, Eyka Farhana/Caitlin Halderman as Ema, Valerie Thomas as Sabrina, and Shindy Huang as Aria.[2] The series also features Wulan Guritno, Tarra -Budiman, Naufal Samudra, Jennifer Coppen, Cindy Nirmala, Giulio Parengkuan, Bio One, and Bastian Steel in starring roles. The first season was released on 22 April 2020 with 10 episodes.[3] The second season premiered on 14 April 2022.[4] - The series concluded on May 18, 2022, after two seasons. - Set in the fictional town of Amerta, Bali, it follows the lives of four female college students whose clique falls apart when their leader, Alissa, goes mysteriously missing in the night of their high school graduation. One year later, Hanna, Ema, Sabrina and Aria find themselves reunited when they begin to receive messages from a mysterious figure known as ""A"", who threatens to expose their darkest secrets. - The series was announced on August 27, 2019 along with the ensemble cast. The series is produced by Asian streaming service, Viu, in collaboration with Warner Bros International Television Production.[2] - Although the series had never been renewed officially, it has been confirmed by Viu on Instagram in August 2020 that the second season is on development.[5] Anya Geraldine later that year stated the production for the second season will most likely begin in June 2021.[6] - Along with the series' announcement, it wasannounced that Anya Geraldine, Eyka Farhana, Valerie Thomas, and Shindy Huang are set to play the main characters Hanna, Ema, Sabrina, and Aria. Yuki Kato also joined in her role as Alissa, the famous it girl and queen bee of the group.[2] - Eyka Farhana who was initially scheduled to return for season two decided to leave due the COVID-19.[7] Caitlin Halderman joined to replace Eyka in the role of Ema.[8][9] In addition, Bio One and Bastian Steel joined the main cast in their respective roles as Kevin and Malik for season two; Khiva Ishak joined in a guest role as a detective.[10] Another addition in the cast are Fandy Christian, Farandika, Izabel Jahja, and Karina Suwandi replacing the previous cast members as Ian, Sandy, Vero, and Indah. - The first season was filmed in Bali, Indonesia in 40 days from June to August 2019.[3] - Due to Indonesian cultures, Ema's (Emily) sexuality has been erased and replaced with her falling for a boy from a different religion. As a result, her love interest Mahesa (Maya) and Malik's (Paige) characters were completely rewritten. - Yovial Virgi produced the series' score and its theme song, ""Secret"" by cast member Jennifer Coppen. The song is used for both the opening sequence and end credit, with the former using a remix version. - The first season consisted of 10 episodes and were released on April 22, 2020.[11] The second season premiered on April 14, 2022 and concluded on May 18, 2022.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:30:03 -Park Loggia - Wikipedia,"Park Loggia is a building in New York City owned by AvalonBay Communities and designed by architect Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. It is located on the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan's Upper West Side, on Broadway between 61st and 62nd Streets. The new structure replaced another SOM-designed building completed in 1965. - The headquarters of the American Bible Society originally stood on the site.[1][2] Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill designed the original structure. It incorporated some Biblical symbolism, inspired by its anchor tenant.[1] John Kriskiewicz, a Manhattan-based historian of architecture, referred to the original 1865 Broadway as “structurally expressive” but also expressed that it “might have left the public cold.” The Bible Society placed the building on the market in 2014.[3] - AvalonBay purchased the building from the Society in 2015 for $300 million, after the organization announced it intended to move its headquarters to Philadelphia.[4] Like the former building, Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill designed the new building. Park Loggia topped out in December 2017.[5] The building will contain mostly residential space, with a mix of apartments for rent and condominiums for sale. - New York YIMBY reported that SOM took inspiration from the facade of I. M. Pei's Brutalist Kips Bay Towers for the design of the new structure.[6] The new structure has a terra cotta facade.[7] -  WikiMiniAtlas40°46′13″N 73°58′57″W / 40.77028°N 73.98250°W / 40.77028; -73.98250 - - This article about a New York City building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:08 -H. E. Francis - Wikipedia,"Herbert Edward Francis (born January 11, 1924) is an American scholar, professor and writer.[1] - Francis was born in Bristol, Rhode Island on January 11, 1924. He studied at the University of Wisconsin and earned a master's degree from Brown University[2] - He is a professor emeritus of English at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. Francis has travelled three times as a Fulbright professor to Argentina. An author in his own right, he has published five collections of stories, some of which have been anthologized in the O. Henry, Best American, and Pushcart Prize volumes. - The University of Alabama in Huntsville has named its national short fiction prize in his honor. -",2023-08-26 18:30:11 -Oleg Antonov (volleyball) - Wikipedia,"Oleg Yaroslavovich Antonov (Russian: Олег Ярославович Антонов; born 28 July 1988) is a Russian-born Italian volleyball player, a member of the Italy men's national volleyball team and Italian club Trentino Volley, silver medalist of the 2015 World Cup, bronze medalist of the 2015 European Championship. He is the son of Yaroslav Antonov, a former Russian volleyball player, a 1988 Summer Olympics silver medalist for the Soviet Union. - This biographical article relating to volleyball in Italy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:15 -Nervous System Failure - Wikipedia," - Nervous System Failure is the third full-length album by the Italian band Infernal Poetry (fifth studio-album), released on 25 June 2009 through Casket Records,[6] sub-label of Copro. - Truemetal said it is ""simply the best extreme record released in Italy after Sadist early years.""[7] -",2023-08-26 18:30:19 -Your Wildest Dreams - Wikipedia,"""Your Wildest Dreams"" is a 1986 single by the progressive rock band the Moody Blues, written by Justin Hayward. The song was first released as a single, and later released on the Moody Blues' 1986 album The Other Side of Life. - Written by Hayward as a lookback toward his first love, the song features a synth-pop style that marked a stylistic departure from the band's standard lush pop sound. When released as a single, ""Your Wildest Dreams"" became the band's second biggest US hit, reaching number nine on the American charts. - Moody Blues singer and guitarist Justin Hayward was inspired to write ""Your Wildest Dreams"" after reminiscing about his first love. Of the song's lyrics, he stated, ""For me, wanting to know about the first girl you ever fell in love with, really fell in love with and broke her heart, you always want to know, I wonder what happened. I wonder where they are. Hop in to that time machine.""[2] According to Hayward, the song set off a ""personal journey"" to delve into his past, which he characterized as ""fantastic, amazing, and disturbing."" - Hayward has since noted the universal nature of the song's lyrics. He explained, ""I thought 'Wildest Dreams' would be a throwaway thing that people wouldn't really take much notice of lyrically. But I found out that it was a common experience and desire by a lot of people. So that was very revealing.""[3] - Musically, ""Your Wildest Dreams"" featured a synth-heavy production that diverged from the band's traditionally lush arrangements. This was, in part, at the recommendation of producer Tony Visconti. Hayward noted, - Most of ""Wildest Dreams"" - 90% of it - is Tony Visconti, my DX7, and a guitar synth. The piece at the beginning of ""Wildest Dreams"" that sounds like a sort of Theremin ... that's a guitar synth. All of that is. So it was just another way of exploring musical avenues. Tony Visconti was very much into that and the first person who really turned the band on to programming in a serious way. And he was very, very good at it, so I enjoyed every moment of that.[3] The song is in the key of G major, with a tempo of 142 BPM.[4] - ""Your Wildest Dreams"" was released as the first single from the band's 1986 album The Other Side of Life. The song was a top-10 hit in the United States, peaking at number 9, the band's highest charting US single since the number two hit ""Nights in White Satin"" in 1972.[5] Hayward attributed this commercial success in part to the support of the record company, commenting, ""From our side of the fence … well, you’re linked with a record company and they choose to promote certain tracks. They either get on board or they don’t. In this case, we delivered the album and I traveled to New York City with it. There was a promotion guy and he jumped up when he saw me and shouted, 'Woooo eeee oooooo! Hey man, we have a hit!' People were behind it from the start. "" - The song became an Adult Contemporary number-one hit,[6] and charted at number two on the Mainstream Rock chart. - Cash Box said of the song that ""a lilting and pretty mid-tempo marks The Moody Blues resurfacing.""[7] Billboard said it ""sounds more folksy, less spacey, but just as lyrical as [the Moody Blues'] classics.""[8] - Classic Rock critic Malcolm Dome rated it as the Moody Blues' 7th greatest song, saying that it ""has a smooth pop rock vision that complements a simple, wistful melody with nostalgic lyrics.""[9] - ""Your Wildest Dreams"" was followed up by a sequel song, ""I Know You're Out There Somewhere"", from the 1988 Moody Blues album Sur la Mer.[10] ""I Know You're Out There Somewhere"" was also released as a single, and its music video again featured Janet Spencer-Turner. - A music video for ""Your Wildest Dreams"" was produced and was directed by Brian Grant. It depicts Hayward and an unnamed woman throughout his career, showing how their relationship drifted apart as the band's success grew. Both are shown moving on while also wondering about each other and what might have been throughout the years, culminating in her attending one of their performances. She tries to meet him backstage but is unsuccessful, as Hayward is ushered away before they can reunite. This storyline would later be continued in the music video for ""I Know You're Out There Somewhere"". The video received a Billboard Video of the Year award and saw heavy rotation on MTV. The actress in the video is Janet Spencer-Turner. In flashback scenes, the young Moody Blues are represented in the video by the British band Mood Six.[11] The video was recognized as the ""best overall video"" at the Billboard Video Music Conference held in Los Angeles in November 1986. Grant was awarded the top director honor.[12] - Hayward recalled that, initially, the band was meant to play themselves throughout the whole video, but their age prevented this. He explained, ""[Grant] was like, 'It can't be you starring in the video, it's too personal and you're too old.' We still looked all right as 40-year-olds, but Brian was like, 'We need younger people for you all.'""[2] - -",2023-08-26 18:30:24 -Núria Mendoza - Wikipedia,"Núria Mendoza Miralles (born 15 December 1995) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a defender for Levante. - Mendoza started her career at Espanyol B.[3] In July 2021, Mendoza transferred to Levante having spent six seasons at Real Sociedad.[4] - This biographical article related to women's association football in Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:27 -Efpalio - Wikipedia,"Efpalio (Greek: Ευπάλιο) is a village and a former municipality in Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dorida, of which it is a municipal unit.[2] The municipal unit has an area of 204.207 km2.[3] Population 6,086 (2011). - The municipal unit Efpalio consists of sixteen communities: Kastraki, Efpalio, Managouli, Trikorfo, Malamata, Marathias, Monastiraki, Klima, Sergoula, Filothei, Kampos, Potidaneia, Teichio, Drosato, Palaioxari, and Pyrgos. - The area is also known for several important monasteries such as: - This Central Greece location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:31 -Kurthia massiliensis - Wikipedia," - Kurthia massiliensis is a gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Kurthia which has been isolated from human feces from Dielmo in Senegal.[1][3][4][5][6] - - This Bacillota-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:35 -MGM National Harbor - Wikipedia," - MGM National Harbor is a casino hotel in National Harbor, Maryland, just outside of Washington, D.C. It opened on December 8, 2016, and cost $1.4 billion. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by MGM Resorts International. - MGM Resorts International received a license in December 2013 to develop a $925-million resort (later increased to $1.2 billion[1][2]) in National Harbor.[3][2] The company received the license after competing with bids from Penn National Gaming to develop a $700-million facility at its Rosecroft Raceway and Greenwood Racing to develop a $761-million facility near Maryland Route 210.[2] - Construction on MGM National Harbor began in April 2014. It opened on December 8, 2016.[4][1] - In September 2017, MGM Growth Properties purchased the land and buildings of MGM National Harbor from MGM Resorts International for $1.2 billion in a leaseback transaction.[5][6][7] Vici Properties acquired MGM Growth, including MGM National Harbor, in 2022.[8] - The white exterior of the building is in keeping with the marble used in many of the buildings in Washington DC. The organization of the casino is along a central axis, similar to the arrangement for the National Mall.[9] The design was provided by HKS, Inc. while the architect of record for the project is SmithGroupJJR.[10] - MGM National Harbor includes a 23-story hotel with 308 rooms, 135,000 square feet (12,500 m2) in gaming space, retail space, a spa, seven restaurants, a 3,000-seat theater with seven VIP suites, 27,000 square feet (2,500 m2) of meeting and event space, and a parking garage for 4,800 cars.[3][1] - The resort's public spaces feature a permanent collection of art inspired by the Washington metropolitan area and developed in collaboration with Prince George's County Arts and Humanities Council, Atlantic Arts, and RareCulture.[11][12] Artists, sculptors, and photographers featured in the collection include Alice Aycock, Charles Hinman, Chul Hyun Ahn, John Safer, Liao Yibai, Margaret Boozer, Martha Jackson Jarvis, Sam Gilliam, and Terry O'Neill.[11][12] The west entrance to the facility features a 25-by-15-foot (7.6 m × 4.6 m) iron archway composed of ""found objects"" such as farming tools, children's toys, wheels and axes designed by Bob Dylan.[13] - - In April 2015, the MGM casino was sued by a group of Prince George's County businesses[14] who claimed the casino didn't comply with minority business enterprise (MBE) contracting standards.[15][16] - On June 26, 2018, a seven-year-old girl suffered traumatic brain injury while visiting the casino. Due to a faulty installation of a device meant to control the electrical flow to the rail lighting, Zynae Green suffered an electric shock and was left requiring the use of a wheelchair. Despite the family's pleas for help, MGM security did not initiate resuscitation, MGM stating ""the guards followed protocol responding to the incident and determined that Zynae was breathing and did not need CPR"". Prince George's County Police Officers started resuscitation upon arrival. The incident prompted an FBI investigation and the family has not been compensated more than a year after the incident.[17] - In 2019, a baccarat dealer who worked at the casino was sentenced to 18 months in prison for a cheating scheme. Ming Zhang showed his co-conspirators cards before they were dealt, who split the winnings with him.[18] - Russian boxer Maxim Dadashev died on July 23, 2019, from injuries suffered during a July 19 boxing match at the Theater at MGM National Harbor.[19] - Multiple brawls have been reported at the facility, including on the casino floor. During the casino's first night of operations, video emerged of an attendee who was beaten while on the floor, while another person grabbed a stool.[20] In 2022, brawls were reported in the dining area between multiple patrons, with no security visible. The casino canceled the Thursday event where the incident occurred.[21] - In 2020, two winners were robbed of more than $40,000 in winnings after leaving the casino and shot during the crime. The victims were followed by the assailants from the casino and robbed in Woodbridge, Virginia, where one of them lived and the other was shot.[22] - In another 2020 incident, a casino patron and hotel guest was shot and robbed of his casino winnings. After returning to his room in the hotel portion of the facility, Nathaniel Nagbe opened the door to find two armed men accompanied by a woman he knew. After he refused to open the hotel safe that contained more than $60,000 in winnings, Nagbe was shot in his stomach and fled down 17 flights of stairs before a valet called 911.[23] -",2023-08-26 18:30:38 -Frederick Rogers (bookbinder) - Wikipedia," - Frederick Rogers (27 April 1846 – 16 November 1915) was an English bookbinder, trades unionist, writer and journalist. He is notable as first chairman of the Labour Representation Committee, the organisation to which the Labour Party traces its origins, as well as for a lifetime of work dedicated to educational improvement for the working class, and to the introduction of a general tax-funded system of old-age pensions. - Rogers was born on 27 April 1846 in Whitechapel, London to a working-class family. His father, also Frederick Rogers, was variously a dock labourer, sailor, and linen drapers assistant; his mother Susan Bartrup a laundress. He left school at or before age 10, and after a period as an ironmonger's boy was employed in a stationery warehouse where he learned the skilled craft of bookbinding. His artisanal career for the next forty years was as a bookbinder specialising in vellum-bound accounts books.[1][2] - Rogers was an autodidact[1] who pursued four entwined interests through his life: trades unionism, education for the working-class, journalism, and religion. He was also greatly interested in English literature, and was considered to be extremely well-read - ""the most scholarly man I know in the Labour movement"", according to an anonymous writer in a 1909 Railway Review article. Rogers took some pride in having overcome a lack of formal education (and a spinal complaint) in his childhood.[3] - He joined the Vellum (Account Book) Binders' Trade Society in the 1870s whilst working for the Co-Operative Printing Society. In this period, he is mainly noted for his interest in the settlement movement and facilitating the education of working people. He acted as secretary from the outset of the University Extension Movement, working in collaboration with Alfred Milner to encourage universities to deliver lectures in 'extension centres' in cities across the UK. His work, in part, gave rise to Toynbee Hall, a university settlement house delivering education to working people, in which Rogers for many years involved himself, acting as vice-president from 1886 onwards. He was active on the London School Board and within working-men's clubs in east-end London.[1][4][5] His work in these fields brought him into the society of reformers such as the Samuel and Henrietta Barnett, and Francis Herbert Stead, founder of the Browning Hall. Direct involvement in the English literature teaching at Toynbee Hall facilitated Rogers' introduction to many socially concerned literary figures of the period.[4] - He became increasingly active as a journalist from the 1880s, writing for many publications and having a column in the Weekly Dispatch. In this guise he was an early advocate of the formation of an independent Labour party.[6] In 1892 he assumed the presidency of the Vellum (Account Book) Trade Society, it having been damaged by failed industrial action, and held the post for the next 6 years.[4] Involvement in unionism at this level propelled him, later, into two notable occupations. - The first was as a Trades Union Congress delegated representative at the February 1900 inaugural meeting of the Labour Representation Committee, which made him their first chairman. The foundation of the LRC is seen as the origin of the British Labour Party.[1][7] Rogers remained a member of the Committee's executive, acting as treasurer in its third year.[8] - The second, from July 1900, was his service as Organising Secretary of the National Committee of Organised Labour (NECL), which worked to encourage the introduction of old-age pensions funded from general taxation - a campaign won in 1909. The Committee arose out of a campaign of meetings organised by F. H. Stead, known to Rogers through his Settlement movement interests. Stead and Rogers dedicated a decade of work, writing pamphlets and books, lobbying parliament and religious leaders, and travelling the length of the country to speak for the cause.[8][9] - Rogers was a signatory in March 1901, with many other trades unionists, of a pamphlet opposing the Second Boer War.[10] In contrast he was a proponent of the need to wage World War I, and acted as a speaker at recruitment rallies.[11] He parted company from his liberal and socialist colleagues in the 1901-6 period over disagreements about the future of education, and later served as a Conservative Alderman on London County Council from 1910 to 1911.[8] - Rogers was strong in his religious faith, converting to the Anglo-Catholic movement in the 1890s. His outlook made him additionally useful during his work with the NECL by enabling him to draw support from religious communities for the campaign.[8] His 1903 book, The Seven Deadly Sins, combines his interest in the Christian faith with his great love for Elizabethan literature.[4] - Rogers died, unmarried, in 1915;[1] he lived with his parents until 1907, and thereafter with his sister. An obituary noted the contrast between his outside form - ""strange and blurred"" - and his character - ""sound-hearted, sound-tempered, straight, clear, simple, good ... the most companionable of fellow workers, so reliable, so steady, so right.""[12] - Works by Rogers include:[13] - His autobiography, Labour, Life and Literature (1913) is identified as his most important writing work by David Rubinstein in his Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry,[1] and was highly commended in a short notice in the Labour History Review which found ""aspects of his memoirs which lift them well above the average for this class of writing"".[14] -",2023-08-26 18:30:42 -Appooppan - Wikipedia," - Appooppan (also known as Charithram Aavarthikkunnilla before release) is a 1976 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by P. Bhaskaran, starring Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Jayabharathi, Sumithra and Kamal Haasan.[2][3] The film was a remake of the Telugu film Tata Manavadu. - Appooppan film was directed by P. Bhaskaran,[5] produced by Murugan under the production banner ""Murugan Movies"".[6] It is a remake of the 1973 Telugu film Tata Manavadu. The film was given an ""U"" (Unrestricted) certificate by the Central Board of Film Certification and the final length of the film was 4,457.12 metres (14,623.1 ft).[6] - The film Appooppan was announced as Charithram Aavarthikkunnilla and the film's posters and LP records covers also carried the same name. The title change to Appooppan happened just within 1 week before the film's theatrical release. There is a misconception that Appooppan and Charitram Aavarthikkunnilla are two different films. - The film Appooppan was previously named as Charithram Aavarthikkunnilla and the LP records covers also carried the same name.[7] The music was composed by M. S. Baburaj.[8] - Appooppan at IMDb - - This article about a Malayalam film of the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:46 -British Rail - Wikipedia," - British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was a state-owned company that operated most of the overground rail transport in Great Britain from 1948 to 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the Big Four British railway companies, and was privatised in stages between 1994 and 1997. Originally a trading brand of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission, it became an independent statutory corporation in January 1963, when it was formally renamed the British Railways Board.[1] - The period of nationalisation saw sweeping changes in the railway. A process of dieselisation and electrification took place. By 1968 steam locomotives had been entirely replaced by diesel and electric traction, except for the Vale of Rheidol Railway (a narrow-gauge tourist line). Passengers replaced freight as the main source of business, and one-third of the network was closed by the Beeching cuts of the 1960s in an effort to reduce rail subsidies. - On privatisation, responsibility for track, signalling and stations was transferred to Railtrack (later brought under public control as Network Rail), with services run by train operating companies. The British Rail Double Arrow logo remains in place and is now employed as a generic symbol on street signs in Great Britain denoting railway stations.[2] - - The rail transport system in Great Britain developed during the 19th century. After the grouping of 1923 under the Railways Act 1921, there were four large railway companies, each dominating its own geographic area: the Great Western Railway (GWR), the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) and the Southern Railway (SR). During World War I, the railways were under state control, which continued until 1921. Complete nationalisation had been considered, and the Railways Act 1921[3] is sometimes considered as a precursor to that, but the concept was rejected. Nationalisation was subsequently carried out after World War II, under the Transport Act 1947. This Act made provision for the nationalisation of the network as part of a policy of nationalising public services by Clement Attlee's Labour Government. British Railways came into existence as the business name of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission (BTC) on 1 January 1948 when it took over the assets of the Big Four.[4] - There were also joint railways between the Big Four and a few light railways to consider (see list of constituents of British Railways). Excluded from nationalisation were industrial lines like the Oxfordshire Ironstone Railway. The London Underground – publicly owned since 1933 – was also nationalised, becoming the London Transport Executive of the British Transport Commission. The Bicester Military Railway was already run by the government. The electric Liverpool Overhead Railway was also excluded from nationalisation.[5] - The Railway Executive was conscious that some lines on the (then very dense) network were unprofitable and hard to justify socially, and a programme of closures began almost immediately after nationalisation. However, the general financial position of BR became gradually poorer until an operating loss was recorded in 1955. The Executive itself had been abolished in 1953 by the Conservative government, and control of BR transferred to the parent Commission. Other changes to the British Transport Commission at the same time included the return of road haulage to the private sector; however, BR retained its own (smaller) inhouse road haulage service. - The report, latterly known as the ""Modernisation Plan"",[6] was published in January 1955. It was intended to bring the railway system into the 20th century. A government White Paper produced in 1956 stated that modernisation would help eliminate BR's financial deficit by 1962, but the figures in both this and the original plan were produced for political reasons and not based on detailed analysis.[7] The aim was to increase speed, reliability, safety, and line capacity through a series of measures that would make services more attractive to passengers and freight operators, thus recovering traffic lost to the roads. Important areas included: - The government appeared to endorse the 1955 programme (costing £1.2 billion), but did so largely for political reasons.[7] This included the withdrawal of steam traction and its replacement by diesel (and some electric) locomotives. Not all modernisations would be effective at reducing costs. The dieselisation programme gave contracts primarily to British suppliers, who had limited experience of diesel locomotive manufacture, and rushed commissioning based on an expectation of rapid electrification; this resulted in numbers of locomotives with poor designs and a lack of standardisation.[8] At the same time, containerised freight was being developed.[8] The marshalling yard building programme was a failure, being based on a belief in the continued viability of wagon-load traffic in the face of increasingly effective road competition, and lacking effective forward planning or realistic assessments of future freight.[8] A 2002 documentary broadcast on BBC Radio 4 blamed the 1950s decisions for the ""beleaguered"" condition of the railway system at that time.[9] - During the late 1950s, railway finances continued to worsen; whilst passenger numbers grew after restoring many services reduced during the war, and in 1959 the government stepped in, limiting the amount the BTC could spend without ministerial authority. A White Paper proposing reorganisation was published in the following year, and a new structure was brought into effect by the Transport Act 1962.[10] This abolished the commission and replaced it by several separate boards. These included a British Railways Board, which took over on 1 January 1963.[11] - Following semi-secret discussions on railway finances by the government-appointed Stedeford Committee in 1961, one of its members, Dr Richard Beeching, was offered the post of chairing the BTC while it lasted and then became the first Chairman of the British Railways Board.[12] - A major traffic census in April 1961, which lasted one week, was used in the compilation of a report on the future of the network. This report—The Reshaping of British Railways—was published by the BRB in March 1963.[13][14] The proposals, which became known as the Beeching cuts, were dramatic. A third of all passenger services and more than 4,000 of the 7,000 stations would close. Beeching, who is thought to have been the author of most of the report, set out some dire figures. One third of the network was carrying just 1% of the traffic. Of the 18,000 passenger coaches, 6,000 were said to be used only 18 times a year or less. Although maintaining them cost between £3 million and £4 million a year, they earned only about £0.5 million.[15] - Most of the closures were carried out between 1963 and 1970 (including some which were not listed in the report), while other suggested closures were not carried out. The closures were heavily criticised at the time.[16] A small number of stations and lines closed under the Beeching programme have been reopened, with further reopenings proposed.[17] - A second Beeching report, ""The Development of the Major Trunk Routes"", followed in 1965.[18] This did not recommend closures as such but outlined a ""network for development"". The fate of the rest of the network was not discussed in the report. - The basis for calculating passenger fares changed in 1964. In future, fares on some routes—such as rural, holiday and commuter services—would be set at a higher level than on other routes; previously, fares had been calculated using a simple rate for the distance travelled, which at the time was 3d per mile second class, and 4½d per mile first class[19] (equivalent to £0.27 and £0.4 respectively, in 2021[20]). - In 1966, a ""Whites only"" recruitment policy for guards at Euston station agreed between the local union branch and station management[21][22] was dropped after the case of Asquith Xavier, a migrant from Dominica, who had been refused promotion on those grounds, was raised in Parliament and taken up by the then Secretary of State for Transport, Barbara Castle.[23] - Passenger levels decreased steadily from 1962 to the late 1970s,[24] and reached a low in 1982.[25] Network improvements included completing electrification of the Great Eastern Main Line from London to Norwich between 1976 and 1986 and the East Coast Main Line from London to Edinburgh between 1985 and 1990. A mainline route closure during this period of relative network stability was the 1,500 V DC-electrified Woodhead line between Manchester and Sheffield: passenger service ceased in 1970 and goods in 1981. - The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of some railways which had survived the Beeching cuts a generation earlier but which had seen passenger services withdrawn. This included the bulk of the Chester and Connah's Quay Railway in 1992, the Brierley Hill to Walsall section of the South Staffordshire line in 1993, while the Birmingham to Wolverhampton section of the Great Western Railway was closed in three phases between 1972 and 1992. - A further British Rail report from a committee chaired by Sir David Serpell was published in 1983. The Serpell Report made no recommendations as such but did set out various options for the network, including, at their most extreme, a skeletal system of less than 2,000 route km (1,240 miles). This report was not welcomed, and the government decided to quietly leave it on the shelf. Meanwhile, BR was gradually reorganised, with the regional structure finally being abolished and replaced with business-led sectors.[citation needed] This process, known as ""sectorisation"", led to far greater customer focus on the dedicated sectors. - Following the election of Labour in 1964, on a platform of revising many of the cuts, Tom Fraser instead authorised the closure 1,071 mi of railway lines, following the recommendations from the Beeching Report even lines not considered closing.[26] After he resigned in 1967, his replacement Barbara Castle continued the line and station closures but introduced the first Government rail subsidies for socially necessary but unprofitable railways in the Transport Act 1968. Part of these provisions was the creation of a passenger transport executive or PTE within larger metropolitan areas. Prior to this, public transport was run by individual local authorities and private companies, with little co-ordination. The PTEs took over the responsibility (but not ownership) of managing local rail networks. - The 1968 Act created five new bodies. These were: - This was the first real subdivision of BR since its inception in 1949, and likely saved many lines earmarked for closure,[citation needed] notably the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway, which now forms part of the Merseyrail network. - Upon sectorisation in 1982, three passenger sectors were created: InterCity, operating principal express services; London & South East (renamed Network SouthEast in 1986) operating commuter services in the London area; Provincial (renamed Regional Railways in 1989) responsible for all other passenger services.[27] In the metropolitan counties local services were managed by the Passenger Transport Executives. Provincial was the most subsidised (per passenger km) of the three sectors; upon formation, its costs were four times its revenue.[27] During the 1980s British Rail ran the Rail Riders membership club aimed at 5- to 15-year-olds. - Because British Railways was such a large operation, running not just railways but also ferries, steamships and hotels, it has been considered difficult to analyse the effects of nationalisation.[28] - Prices rose quickly in this period, rising 108% in real terms from 1979 to 1994, as prices rose by 262% but RPI only increased by 154% in the same time.[29] - Following nationalisation in 1948, British Railways began to adapt the corporate liveries on the rolling stock it had inherited from its predecessor railway companies. Initially, an express blue (followed by GWR-style Brunswick green in 1952) was used on passenger locomotives, and LNWR-style lined black for mixed-traffic locomotives, but later green was more widely adopted.[30][31] - Development of a corporate identity for the organisation was hampered by the competing ambitions of the British Transport Commission and the Railway Executive. The Executive attempted to introduce a modern Art Deco-style curved logo, which could also serve as the standard for station signage totems. BR eventually adopted the common branding of the BTC as its first corporate logo, a lion astride a spoked wheel, designed for the BTC by Cecil Thomas; on the bar overlaid across the wheel, the BTC's name was replaced with the words ""British Railways"". This logo, nicknamed the ""Cycling Lion"", was applied from 1948 to 1956 to the sides of locomotives, while the oval style was adopted for station signs across Great Britain, each coloured according to the appropriate BR region, using the Gill Sans font first adopted by LNER in 1923.[32] - In 1956, the BTC was granted a heraldic achievement by the College of Arms and the Lord Lyon, and then BTC chairman Brian Robertson wanted a grander logo for the railways. BR's second corporate logo (1956–1965), designed in consultation with Charles Franklyn, adapted the original, depicting a rampant lion emerging from a heraldic crown and holding a spoked wheel, all enclosed in a roundel with the ""British Railways"" name displayed across a bar on either side. This emblem soon acquired the nickname of the ""Ferret and Dartboard"". A variant of the logo with the name in a circle was also used on locomotives.[32] - The earlier lion crest - The later lion crest on BR locomotive - Liverpool Central station sign using the art deco totem - The zeal for modernisation in the Beeching era drove the next rebranding exercise, and BR management wished to divest the organisation of anachronistic, heraldic motifs and develop a corporate identity to rival that of London Transport. BR's design panel set up a working party led by Milner Gray of the Design Research Unit. They drew up a Corporate Identity Manual which established a coherent brand and design standard for the whole organisation, specifying Rail Blue and pearl grey as the standard colour scheme for all rolling stock; Rail Alphabet as the standard corporate typeface, designed by Jock Kinneir and Margaret Calvert; and introducing the now-iconic corporate Identity Symbol of the Double Arrow logo. Designed by Gerald Barney (also of the DRU), this arrow device was formed of two interlocked arrows across two parallel lines, symbolising a double-track railway. It was likened to a bolt of lightning or barbed wire, and also acquired a nickname: ""the arrow of indecision"".[33][34] A mirror image of the double arrow was used on the port side of BR-owned Sealink ferry funnels. The new BR corporate identity and Double Arrow were rolled out in 1965, and the brand name of the organisation was truncated to ""British Rail"".[32][31] It is now employed as a generic symbol on street signs in Great Britain denoting railway stations,[35] and is still printed on railway tickets as part of the Rail Delivery Group's jointly managed National Rail brand. - The uniformity of BR branding continued until the process of sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s. Certain BR operations such as Inter-City, Network SouthEast, Regional Railways or Rail Express Systems began to adopt their own identities, introducing logos and colour schemes which were essentially variants of the British Rail brand. Eventually, as sectorisation developed into a prelude to privatisation, the unified British Rail brand disappeared, with the notable exception of the Double Arrow symbol, which has survived to this day and serves as a generic trademark to denote railway services across Great Britain.[32] The BR Corporate Identity Manual is noted as a piece of British design history and there are plans for it to be re-published.[36] - With its creation in 1948, British Railways was divided into regions which were initially based on the areas the former Big Four operated in; later, several lines were transferred between regions. Notably, these included the former Great Central lines from the Eastern Region to the London Midland Region, and the West of England Main Line from the Southern Region to Western Region - The North Eastern Region was merged with the Eastern Region in 1967. - In 1982, the regions were abolished as the service provider (but retained for administration) and replaced by ""business sectors"", a process known as sectorisation. - The passenger sectors were (by the early 1990s): - In addition, the non-passenger sectors were: - The maintenance and remaining engineering works were split off into a new company, British Rail Maintenance Limited. The new sectors were further subdivided into divisions. - This ended the BR blue period as new liveries were adopted gradually. Infrastructure remained the responsibility of the regions until the ""Organisation for Quality"" initiative in 1991 when this too was transferred to the sectors. The Anglia Region was created in late 1987, its first General Manager being John Edmonds, who began his appointment on 19 October 1987. Full separation from the Eastern Region – apart from engineering design needs – occurred on 29 April 1988. It handled the services from Fenchurch Street and Liverpool Street, its western boundary being Hertford East, Meldreth and Whittlesea.[38][39] - The former BR network, with the trunk routes of the West Coast Main Line, East Coast Main Line, Great Western Main Line, Great Eastern Main Line and Midland Main Line, and other lines. - Policing on (and within) the network was carried out British Transport Police (BTP). In 1947 the Transport Act created the British Transport Commission (BTC), which unified the railway system. On 1 January 1949, the British Transport Commission Police (BTCP) were created, formed from the four old railway police forces, the London Transport Police, canal police and several minor dock forces. In 1957 the Maxwell-Johnson enquiry found that policing requirements for the railway could not be met by civil forces and that it was essential that a specialist police force be retained. On 1 January 1962, the British Transport Commission Police ceased to cover British Waterways property[40] and exactly a year later when the BTC was abolished the name of the force was amended to the British Transport Police. This name and its role within policing on the rail network was continued post-1994. - Despite its nationalisation in 1947 ""as one of the 'commanding heights' of the economy"",[41] according to some sources British Rail was not profitable for most (if not all)[42] of its history.[43] Newspapers reported that as recently as the 1990s, public rail subsidy was counted as profit;[44] as early as 1961, British Railways were losing £300,000 a day.[45] - Although the company was considered the sole public-transport option in many rural areas, the Beeching cuts made buses the only public transport available in some rural areas.[46] Despite increases in traffic congestion and road fuel prices beginning to rise in the 1990s, British Rail remained unprofitable. Following sectorisation, InterCity became profitable. InterCity became one of Britain's top 150 companies, providing city centre to city centre travel across the nation from Aberdeen and Inverness in the north to Poole and Penzance in the south.[47] - In 1979 the incoming Conservative Government led by Margaret Thatcher was viewed as anti-railway, and did not want to commit public money to the railways. However, British Rail was allowed to spend its own money with government approval. This led to a number of electrification projects being given the go-ahead, including the East Coast Main Line, the spur from Doncaster to Leeds, and the lines in East Anglia out of London Liverpool Street to Norwich and King's Lynn. The list with approximate completion dates includes:[citation needed] - In the Southwest, the South West Main Line from Bournemouth to Weymouth was electrified along with other infill 750 V DC third rail electrification in the south. In 1988, the line to Aberdare was reopened. A British Rail advertisement (""Britain's Railway"", directed by Hugh Hudson) featured some of the best-known railway structures in Britain, including the Forth Rail Bridge, Royal Albert Bridge, Glenfinnan Viaduct and London Paddington station.[48] London Liverpool Street station was rebuilt, opened by Queen Elizabeth II, and a new station was constructed at Stansted Airport in 1991. The following year, the Maesteg line was reopened. In 1988, the Windsor Link Line, Manchester was constructed and has proven to be an important piece of infrastructure.[49] - Before the introduction of APTIS (Accountancy and Passenger Ticket Issuing System), British Rail used the Edmondson railway ticket, first introduced in the 1840s and phased out in the early 1970s. Tickets issued from British Rail's APTIS system had a considerable amount of information presented in a consistent, standard format. The design for all tickets was created by Colin Goodall. This format has formed the basis for all subsequent ticket issuing systems introduced on the railway network – ticket-office-based, self-service and conductor-operated machines alike. APTIS survived in widespread use for twenty years but, in the early 2000s, was largely replaced by more modern PC-based ticketing systems. Some APTIS machines in the Greater London area were modified as APTIS-ANT (with no obvious difference to the ticket issued) to make them Oyster card compatible.[50] The last APTIS machines were removed at the end of 2006 as there was no option to upgrade them to accept Chip and PIN credit card payments. The last APTIS-ANT ticket to be issued in the UK using one of the machines was at Upminster station on 21 March 2007.[51][52][53] - Before the rail network was privatised, British Rail introduced several discount cards through the APTIS that were available to certain demographics, issued either by National or Regional schemes: - In 1989, the narrow-gauge Vale of Rheidol Railway was preserved, becoming the first part of British Rail to be privatised. -Between 1994 and 1997, British Rail was privatised.[54] Ownership of the track and infrastructure passed to Railtrack on 1 April 1994. Passenger operations were later franchised to 25 private-sector operators. Of the six freight companies, five were sold to Wisconsin Central to form EWS while Freightliner was sold in a management buyout.[55] - The Waterloo & City line, part of Network SouthEast, was not included in the privatisation and was transferred to London Underground in April 1994.[56] The remaining obligations of British Rail were transferred to BRB (Residuary) Limited. - The privatisation, proposed by the Conservative government in 1992, was opposed by the Labour Party and the rail unions. Although Labour initially proposed to reverse privatisation,[57] the New Labour manifesto of 1997 instead opposed Conservative plans to privatise the London Underground.[58] Rail unions have historically opposed privatisation, but former Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen general secretary Lew Adams moved to work for Virgin Rail Group, and said on a 2004 radio phone-in programme: ""All the time it was in the public sector, all we got were cuts, cuts, cuts. And today, there are more members in the trade union, more train drivers, and more trains running. The reality is that it worked, we’ve protected jobs, and we got more jobs.""[59][60] - The privatisation process began when BR's passenger sectors were divided into 25 shadow franchises[61] – these were publicly owned TOCs operating in the planned franchise areas prior to the actual franchises being put to tender: - The opening of the Channel Tunnel saw operations by Eurostar begin from London Waterloo to Paris and Brussels. - The narrow-gauge Vale of Rheidol Railway in Ceredigion, Wales, became part of British Railways at nationalisation. Although built as a working railway, in 1948 the line was principally a tourist attraction. British Rail operated the line using steam locomotives long after the withdrawal of standard-gauge steam. The line's three steam locomotives were the only ones to receive TOPS serial numbers and be painted in BR Rail Blue livery with the double arrow logo. The Vale of Rheidol Railway was privatised in 1989 and continues to operate as a private heritage railway. - Other preserved lines, or heritage railways, have reopened lines previously closed by British Rail. These range from picturesque rural branch lines like the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway to sections of mainline such as the Great Central Railway. Many have links to the National Rail network, both at station interchanges, for example, the Severn Valley Railway between Kidderminster and Kidderminster Town, and physical rail connections like the Watercress Line at Alton. - Although most are operated solely as leisure amenities, some also provide educational resources, and a few have ambitions to restore commercial services over routes abandoned by the nationalised industry. - British Railways operated ships from its formation in 1948 on several routes. Many ships were acquired on nationalisation, and others were built for operation by British Railways or its later subsidiary, Sealink. Those ships capable of carrying rail vehicles were classed under TOPS as Class 99. - Sealink was originally the brand name for the ferry services of British Rail in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Services to France, Belgium, and the Netherlands were run by Sealink UK as part of the Sealink consortium, which also used ferries owned by French national railways (SNCF), the Belgian Maritime Transport Authority Regie voor Maritiem Transport/Regie des transports maritimes (RMT/RTM) and the Dutch Stoomvaart Maatschappij Zeeland (Zeeland Steamship Company). - Historically, the shipping services were exclusively an extension of the railways across the English Channel and the Irish Sea in order to provide through, integrated services to mainland Europe and Ireland. As international travel became more popular in the late 1960s and before air travel became generally affordable, the responsibility for shipping services was taken away from the British Rail Regions and, in 1969, centralised in a new division – British Rail Shipping and International Services Division. - With the advent of car ferry services, the old passenger-only ferries were gradually replaced by roll-on/roll-off ships, catering for motorists and rail passengers as well as road freight. However, given that there was now competition in the form of other ferry companies offering crossings to motorists, it became necessary to market the services in a normal business fashion (as opposed to the previous almost monopolistic situation). Thus, with the other partners mentioned above, the brand name Sealink was introduced for the consortium.[62] - In the late 1960s, as demand for international rail travel declined and the shipping business became almost exclusively dependent on passenger and freight vehicle traffic, the ferry business was incorporated as Sealink UK Limited on 1 January 1979,[63][64] a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Railways Board, but still part of the Sealink consortium. In 1979, Sealink acquired Manx Line, which offered services to the Isle of Man from Heysham. - On 27 July 1984, the UK Government sold Sealink UK to Sea Containers for £66 million.[65] The company was renamed Sealink British Ferries. The sale excluded the operations of Hoverspeed, the Isle of Wight services and the share in the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, as well as the Port of Heysham.[citation needed] In 1996, the Sealink name disappeared when the UK services, by then owned by Stena,[63] were re-branded as Stena Line. The agreement with the SNCF on the Dover to Calais route also ended at this time, and the French-run Sealink services were rebranded as SeaFrance. - The joint hovercraft services of British Rail in association with the French SNCF.[66] British Rail Hovercraft Limited was established in 1965, under authority given to it by the British Railways Act 1967 and started its first service in 1966. Sea speed started cross-Channel services from Dover to Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France using SR-N4 hovercraft in August 1968. - Incorporated on 31 October 1969, British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL) was a wholly owned railway systems engineering subsidiary of the British Railways Board. Created through the Transport Act 1968, to manage BR's thirteen workshops, it replaced the British Rail Workshops Division, which had existed since 1948. The works managed by BREL were Ashford, Crewe, Derby Locomotive Works, Derby Litchurch Lane, Doncaster, Eastleigh, Glasgow, Horwich Foundry, Shildon, Swindon, Temple Mills, Wolverton and York.[67] BREL began trading in January 1970.[68] In 1989 BREL was sold to a consortium of Asea Brown Boveri and Trafalgar House.[69][70] - A family of railway carriages designed and built by British Rail workshops (from 1969 British Rail Engineering Limited) between 1964 and 1975. They were of steel construction. - In the 1970s, British Rail developed tilting train technology in the Advanced Passenger Train; there had been earlier experiments and prototypes in other countries, notably Italy.[71] The objective of the tilt was to minimise the discomfort to passengers caused by taking the curves of the West Coast Main Line at high speed. The APT also had hydrokinetic brakes, which enabled the train to stop from 150 mph within existing signal spacings.[72] - The introduction into service of the Advanced Passenger Train was to be a three-stage project. Phase 1, the development of an experimental APT (APT-E), was completed. This used a gas turbine-electric locomotive, the only multiple unit so powered that was used by British Rail. It was formed of two power cars (numbers PC1 and PC2), initially with nothing between them and later, two trailer cars (TC1 and TC2).[73] The cars were made of aluminium to reduce the weight of the unit and were articulated. The gas turbine was dropped from development due to excessive noise and the high fuel costs of the late 1970s.[74] The APT-E first ran on 25 July 1971. The train drivers' union, ASLEF, black-listed the train due to its use of a single driver. The train was moved to Derby (with the aid of a locomotive inspector). This triggered a one-day strike by ASLEF that cost BR more than the research budget for the entire year.[75] - Phase 2, the introduction of three prototype trains (APT-P) into revenue service on the Glasgow – London Euston route, did occur. Originally, there were to have been eight APT-P sets running, with minimal differences between them and the main fleet. However, financial constraints led to only three being authorised after two years of discussion by the British Railways Board. The cost was split equally between the Board and the Ministry of Transport. After these delays, considerable pressure grew to put the APT-P into revenue-service before they were fully ready. This inevitably led to high-profile failures as a result of technical problems.[75] - These failures led to the trains being withdrawn from service while the problems were ironed out. However, by this time, managerial and political support had evaporated. Consequently, phase 3, the introduction of the Squadron fleet (APT-S), did not occur, and the project ended in 1982. - Although the APT never properly entered service, the experience gained enabled the construction of other high-speed trains. The APT powercar technology was imported without the tilt into the design of the Class 91 locomotives, and the tilting technology was incorporated into Italian State Railway's Pendolino trains, which first entered service in 1987. - The InterCity 125, or High-Speed Train, was a diesel-powered passenger train built by British Rail Engineering Limited between 1975 and 1982 that was credited with saving British Rail.[76] Each set is made up of two Class 43 power cars, one at each end and four to nine Mark 3 carriages. The name is derived from its top operational speed of 125 mph (201 km/h). - The prototype InterCity 125 (power cars 43000 and 43001) set the world speed record for diesel traction at 143.2 mph (230.5 km/h) on 12 June 1973.[77] This was succeeded by a production set reaching 148.5 mph (239.0 km/h) in November 1987.[78] - By the early 1980s British Rail operated a large fleet of first generation DMUs, which had been constructed in prior decades to various designs.[27] While formulating its long-term strategy for this sector of its operations, British Rail planners recognised that there would be considerable costs incurred by undertaking refurbishment programmes necessary for the continued use of these ageing multiple units, particularly due to the necessity of handling and removing hazardous materials such as asbestos. In light of the high costs involved in retention, planners examined the prospects for the development and introduction of a new generation of DMUs to succeed the first generation.[79] - In 1984/1985, two experimental DMU designs were put into service: the British Rail Engineering Limited built Class 150 and Metro-Cammell built Class 151.[80] Both of these used hydraulic transmission and were less bus-like than the Pacers. After trials, Class 150 was selected for production, entering service from 1987. Reliability was much improved by the new units, with depot visits being reduced from two or three times a week to fortnightly.[27] - The late 1980s and early 1990s also saw the development of secondary express services that complemented the mainline Intercity routes. Class 155 and Class 156 Sprinters were developed to replace locomotive-hauled trains on these services, their interiors being designed with longer distance journeys in mind. Key Scottish and Trans-Pennine routes were upgraded with new Class 158 Express Sprinters, while a network of 'Alphaline' services was introduced elsewhere in the country. - By the end of the 1980s, passenger numbers had increased and costs had been reduced to two-and-a-half times revenue.[27] - Under the process of British Rail's privatisation, operations were split into 125 companies between 1994 and 1997.[81] The ownership and operation of the infrastructure of the railway system was taken over by Railtrack. The telecommunications infrastructure and British Rail Telecommunications was sold to Racal, which in turn was sold to Global Crossing and merged with Thales Group.[82] The rolling stock was transferred to three private rolling stock companies (ROSCOs); Angel Trains, Eversholt Rail Group and Porterbrook.[83] Passenger services were divided into 25 operating companies, which were let on a franchise basis for a set period, whilst freight services were sold off completely. Dozens of smaller engineering and maintenance companies were also created and sold off. - British Rail's passenger services came to an end upon the franchising of ScotRail with the last service being a Caledonian Sleeper service from Glasgow and Edinburgh to London on 31 March 1997.[84] The final service it operated was a Railfreight Distribution freight train from Dollands Moor to Wembley on 20 November 1997.[85] The British Railways Board continued in existence as a corporation until early 2001, when it was replaced by the Strategic Rail Authority as part of the implementation of the Transport Act 2000.[86] - The original passenger franchisees were:[87] - Since privatisation, many groups have campaigned for the renationalisation of UK Rail services, most notably 'Bring Back British Rail'.[88] Various interested parties also have views on the privatisation of British Rail. - The renationalisation of the railways of Britain continues to have popular support. Polls in 2012 and 2013 showed 70% and 66% support for renationalisation, respectively.[89][90] - Due to rail franchises sometimes lasting over a decade, full renationalisation would take years unless compensation was paid to terminate contracts early. - When the infrastructure-owning company Railtrack ceased trading in 2002, the Labour government set up the not-for-dividend company Network Rail to take over the duties rather than renationalise this part of the network. However, in September 2014, Network Rail was reclassified as a central government body, adding around £34 billion to public sector net debt. This reclassification had been requested by the Office for Budget Responsibility to comply with pan-European accounting standard ESA10.[91] - The Green party has committed to bringing the railways 'back into public ownership' and has maintained this impetus when other parties argued to maintain the status quo. In 2016, Green MP, Caroline Lucas, put forward a Bill that would have seen the rail network fall back into public ownership step by step, as franchises come up for expiry.[92] - Under Jeremy Corbyn (2015–2020), the Labour Party pledged to gradually renationalise British Rail franchises if elected, as and when their private contracts expire, creating a ""People's Railway"".[93] In a pledge during his successful leadership campaign to succeed Corbyn, Keir Starmer said that renationalising rail would remain as Labour Party policy under his leadership.[94] Following the COVID-19 pandemic decimating franchise revenues and making them unviable, in 2021 the government announced it would take back responsibility for the operations of passenger services through Great British Railways with service provision to be contracted to private operators.[95] - In 1989, the ITV sketch show Spitting Image parodied Hugh Hudson's 1988 British Rail, Britain's Railway advert on the plans of the then Conservative British Government to privatise the railways featuring many of the show's puppets (including the show's portrayal of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher), numerous BR trains and landmarks and even a cardboard cutout of Thomas the Tank Engine.[96] -",2023-08-26 18:30:49 -American Exit - Wikipedia,"American Exit is a 2019 American adventure drama thriller film written and directed by Tim McCann and Ingo Vollkammer and starring Dane Cook and Levi Miller.[1][2][3][4] - - This article related to an American film of the 2010s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:52 -OR5B3 - Wikipedia,"441608 258120 ENSG00000172769 ENSMUSG00000096365 Q8NH48 Q7TQR3 NM_001005469 NM_001011840 NP_001005469 NP_001011840 Olfactory receptor 5B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5B3 gene.[5] - Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G-protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.[5] - This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain. - - - This transmembrane receptor-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:30:56 -Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Baghdad - Wikipedia,"The Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Baghdad is a non-metropolitan Archeparchy (Eastern Catholic archdiocese) of the Armenian Catholic Church, covering Iraq. - It is directly dependent of the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia, but not part of his Metropolitan ecclesiastical province. - Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Nareg, in the Iraqi national capital Baghdad, after which the archeparchy s colloquially known as Baghdad of the Armenians. - It was established on 29 June 1954, on territory split off from the (now titular) Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Mardin (which simultaneously lost territory to establish the Eparchy of Kameshli (Al-Qamishli, in Syria), and was itself suppressed in 1972), whose Eparch was transferred to the Baghdad daughter see. -",2023-08-26 18:30:59 -Swinging Safari (film) - Wikipedia," - Swinging Safari is a 2018 Australian comedy-drama film starring Guy Pearce, Kylie Minogue, Radha Mitchell, Julian McMahon, Asher Keddie, and Jeremy Sims.[2] It was written and directed by Stephan Elliott, most famous for his work on the film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, released in 1994.[3] Swinging Safari was released in Australia on 18 January 2018, with international territories following later in the year.[4] - Originally titled Flammable Children,[5] the final title references the 1962 global hit ""A Swingin' Safari"" by Bert Kaempfert. The tune is heard on the soundtrack and its album cover is seen on screen during the film. - Hall Family - Jones Family - Marsh Family - Other characters - On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Swinging Safari has an approval rating of 75%, based on 28 reviews, with an average rating of 6.3/10. The website's critics consensus reads: ""Swinging Safari gathers an entertaining ensemble to offer audiences a messy yet ultimately endearing comedy rich with period detail.""[6] - This article related to an Australian film of the 2010s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:03 -Love Is Duty Free - Wikipedia," - Love is Duty Free (German: Liebe ist zollfrei) is a 1941 comedy film directed by E. W. Emo and starring Hans Moser, Susi Peter, and Theodor Danegger.[1] The film was made by Wien-Film, a Vienna-based company set up after Austria had been incorporated into Greater Germany following the 1938 Anschluss. The film was intended to mock the First Austrian Republic and its democratic system of government as incompetent. - The financially hard-pressed Austrian government have arranged a secret deal with the Swiss, but an officious Austrian customs officer is unaware of this and arrests the Swiss representatives in the belief that they are wanted criminals. - - This article related to a German film of the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:07 -Aayiram Vaasal Idhayam - Wikipedia," - Aayiram Vaasal Idhayam (transl. A heart with a thousand entrances) is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language film directed by A. Jagannathan and produced by Selvam Arts.[1] The film stars Sudhakar, Raadhika, Roja Ramani and Vadivukkarasi. It was released on 1 January 1980.[2][3] - The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.[5][6] - Kousigan of Kalki appreciated Roja Ramani's performance, Ilaiyaraaja's music and the cinematography.[7] -",2023-08-26 18:31:10 -Koberg (Taunus) - Wikipedia,"Koberg is a hill of Hesse, Germany. -  WikiMiniAtlas50°21′13″N 8°19′00″E / 50.35361°N 8.31667°E / 50.35361; 8.31667 - - This Hesse location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:13 -103rd Infantry Division (German Empire) - Wikipedia,"The 103rd Infantry Division (103. Infanterie-Division) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on May 3, 1915, and organized over the next few weeks.[1] It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. - The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of existing divisions which were being triangularized. The division's 205th Infantry Brigade was formerly the 44th Infantry Brigade of the 22nd Infantry Division, and came to the division with the 32nd Infantry Regiment. The 71st Infantry Regiment came from the 38th Infantry Division and the 116th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 25th Reserve Division.[1] The 32nd and 71st Infantry Regiments were Thuringian units, raised in the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, and Prussian Thuringia (part of the Prussian Province of Saxony). The 116th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from the Grand Duchy of Hesse. - The 103rd Infantry Division initially served on the Eastern Front, seeing its first action in the Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive. It was then transferred south to participate in the Serbian Campaign. It advanced to the Greek border and remained on the Macedonian front until April 1916. The division was then sent to the Western Front, entering the line in the Champagne region. From June to July 1916, it fought in the Battle of Verdun. In October and November, it fought in the Battle of the Somme, after which it returned to the trenchlines in the Champagne region and by Verdun. In May 1917, the division fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne, also called the Third Battle of Champagne (and by the Germans, the Double Battle on the Aisne and in the Champagne). Afterwards, it was in the trenchlines in the Chemin des Dames region and later near St. Quentin and on the Oise River. In April 1918, the division participated in the German spring offensive, fighting in the First Battle of the Somme (1918), also known as the Battle of St. Quentin or the Second Battle of the Somme (to distinguish it from the 1916 battle), and in the Third Battle of the Aisne. It later fought in the Second Battle of the Marne and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The division remained in the line until the end of the war. Allied intelligence rated the division as a good division in 1917 but as third class in 1918.[1][2] - The 103rd Infantry Division was formed as a triangular division. The order of battle of the division on May 15, 1915, was as follows:[3] - The division underwent relatively few organizational changes over the course of the war. Cavalry was reduced, artillery and signals commands were formed, and combat engineer support was expanded to a full pioneer battalion. The order of battle on April 19, 1918, was as follows:[4] -",2023-08-26 18:31:16 -Riccarton Group - Wikipedia,"The Riccarton Group is a Silurian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in southern Scotland and northern England. The name is derived from Riccarton in the Edinburgh area. The rocks of the Riccarton Group have also previously been known as the Riccarton Formation and the Riccarton and Raeberry Castle Beds.[1] The Group comprises around 500m thickness of greywackes, mudstones and siltstones which are faulted and folded. -",2023-08-26 18:31:20 -James Morris (British politician) - Wikipedia," - - Wadham College, Oxford (MPhil) - James George Morris[1] (born 4 February 1967)[2] is a British politician who served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Primary Care and Patient Safety from July to September 2022.[3][4] He has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Halesowen and Rowley Regis in the West Midlands since 2010.[5] He also served as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 2021 to 2022. He is a member of the Conservative Party. - Morris was born on 4 February 1967 in Nottingham and grew up in Nottinghamshire. He has roots in the Black Country: his grandfather worked in the Halesowen Steel works in the 1930s and 1940s, his parents are from the Black Country and his uncle lives in Rowley Regis.[6] - Morris was privately educated at Nottingham High School,[7] an independent school for boys in his home city of Nottingham, followed by the University of Birmingham, where he obtained a degree in English Literature.[citation needed] He then undertook Postgraduate research at Wadham College, Oxford.[citation needed] He later studied at Cranfield School of Management.[6] - Before becoming involved in politics in Halesowen and Rowley Regis, Morris had a successful career as a small businessman specialising in computer software.[citation needed] In 2003 he founded Mind the Gap, an independent campaign to promote civic action and to encourage more grass roots involvement in politics. In 2004 he wrote a pamphlet entitled ""Change Starts Small"" – which explored how to get more local grass roots involvement in politics and argued that the British political system needed fundamental change.[8] Morris is married to Anna and they have two children.[6] - Prior to the 2010 Election, Morris was the Chief Executive of Localis, a local government and localist think tank, where the mission was to 'stimulate and challenge the current orthodoxy of the governance of the UK.' During his time at the think tank, Localis released a number of reports, including The Million Vote Mandate, Can Localism Deliver?, and For Good Measure, all of which he edited.[9] - Morris was selected as the seat's Conservative candidate after previous candidate Nigel Hastilow stepped down in November 2007 following Hastilow's remarks stating that warnings by Enoch Powell in his ""rivers of blood"" speech in 1968 had proved correct.[10] - Morris served on the Communities and Local Government Committee between 2010 and 2014. He is a member of a number of APPGs, including Youth Affairs, United Nations and Mental Health.[11] In March 2011, the Sunday Mercury confirmed that Morris had the best attendance record of all 57 West Midlands MPs – attending 96% of votes.[12] In the local area, Morris has been a supporter of the successful campaign to Save Rowley Hospital which secured and maintained in-patient facilities at the hospital. He has also raised questions over the future for Halesowen Abbey in Parliament.[13] - Morris generally voted against gay rights and against allowing marriage between two people of the same sex.[14][better source needed] - Morris was PPS to Esther McVey, but resigned his position in January 2015 in order to vote for a change in the law that would require planning permission to demolish or change the use of local pubs.[15] - Morris was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum,[16] but since then has consistently voted for the UK to leave. - On 14 February 2020, Morris was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury (Government Whip) in the second Johnson ministry. On 17 September 2021, he was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, a senior Government Whip, in the second cabinet reshuffle of the second Johnson ministry.[17] On account of this role, he was ""taken hostage"" at Buckingham Palace during the 2022 State Opening of Parliament.[18] -",2023-08-26 18:31:24 -Edwin D. Lynch - Wikipedia," - Edwin D. Lynch (August 20, 1860 – April 18, 1941[1]) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1903 to 1910, as a member of the Conservative Party. - Lynch was born in Middlesex County, Canada West (now Ontario), the son of William Lynch, and moved with his family to Manitoba in 1871. He moved to California in 1874 and was educated in Sacramento. He returned to Manitoba in 1883 and settled in Westbourne as a farmer.[2] In 1885, Lynch married Christina Morrison.[1] Together, they had five children including three daughters and two sons.[3] - He first campaigned for the Manitoba legislature in the 1899 election, and lost to Manitoba Liberal Party candidate James MacKenzie in Lakeside by 16 votes. He tried again in the 1903 election, and defeated a new Liberal candidate by 68 votes. The Conservatives won this election, and Lynch served in the legislature as a backbench supporter of Rodmond Roblin's government. He was re-elected by 27 votes in 1907. - Lynch was defeated in the 1910 election, losing to Liberal candidate Charles McPherson by 68 votes.[4] - He died in Winnipeg at the age of 80.[1] - - This article about a Manitoba politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:28 -List of people known as the One-Eyed - Wikipedia," -The One-Eyed is an epithet of: -",2023-08-26 18:31:31 -"Mahmudabad, Lorestan - Wikipedia","Mahmudabad (Persian: محموداباد, also Romanized as Maḩmūdābād)[1] is a village in Silakhor-e Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Azna County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248, in 52 families.[2] - This Azna County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:34 -C.T. Fletcher - Wikipedia,"C.T. Ali Fletcher (born June 8, 1959) is an American vlogger, media personality, actor, personal trainer, and former powerlifter and bodybuilder. He is a three-time World Bench Press Champion and three-time World Strict Curl Champion.[2][3][4][5][6] - Fletcher was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, on June 8, 1959, the son of Ogie Rea and Walter Fletcher. He has an older brother named Walt. At the time of his birth, his mother was a housewife and his father was a field worker. When he was one year old, he and his family moved to Los Angeles County, California, where they settled in Watts and later Compton. He grew up with an abusive father who, at the time, was preaching in a four-car garage. When he began junior high, they had moved to nearby Lakewood, where his father invested in his own church. At age 12, Fletcher acquired a job at a gas station.[7] In 1977, aged 18, he joined the U.S. Army and was stationed in Germany. While there, he became interested in martial arts. In 1979, he started to take Karate classes and earned a second degree black belt. In 1980, he began weightlifting and bodybuilding. At first, he was interested in bodybuilding, but then powerlifting caught his interest. - In 2013, Fletcher started his YouTube channel. In 2016, he opened his own gym called Iron Addicts Gym. - Fletcher resides in Signal Hill, California. He was previously married to his high school sweetheart, with whom he had children. The marriage ended in the early 1990s, and he later married a woman he had met while working at the post office. In 1995, they had a child named Samson. In total, he and his wife have seven children. - In 2001, Fletcher received a phone call from his doctor regarding his hypertension and how it could be life-threatening. His body had taken a major hit and he was disabled at age 42. In 2004, his mother died from congestive heart failure. The following year, he was admitted to a hospital in Long Beach, California; from there, he was transported to UCI Medical Center for open-heart surgery. He inherited a heart condition from his mother that has heavily impacted his life; his mother and all nine of her siblings died from heart problems.[7] In 2005, he underwent life-saving open heart surgery. On an episode of The Joe Rogan Experience, he revealed that he had suffered another heart attack in June 2017, and was hoping to get on the waiting list for a heart transplant.[7] On May 5, 2018, he announced via Twitter that a heart had been found for him. The next day, he underwent a heart transplant surgery that lasted for over 11 hours.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:31:37 -Free (Rick Astley album) - Wikipedia," - Free is the third studio album by English singer Rick Astley, released on 12 March 1991 by RCA Records. It was his first album not to be produced by the noted production team of Stock Aitken Waterman. It gave Astley another hit single in the ballad ""Cry for Help"", which became a Top 10 in both the UK and US. Further singles ""Move Right Out"" and ""Never Knew Love"" were less successful. Free reached the UK Top 10 and the US Top 40 and marked the end of a successful four-year period for Astley. - Note - On 3 May 2010 an expanded edition of Free was released in a package containing both newly expanded and remastered editions of Free and Body and Soul.[5] - - ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. -",2023-08-26 18:31:41 -Belt Hill Conservation Park - Wikipedia," - Belt Hill Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia in the locality of Thornlea about 317 kilometres (197 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north west of the town centre in Hatherleigh.[2][4] - The conservation park occupies land in section 339 of the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Rivoli Bay. In 1971, the land was offered by its owner, A. McArthur of Rendelsham, to the “then National Parks Commission” for “dedication as a Reserve.” On 27 April 1972, it was proclaimed as the Belt Hill Conservation Park when the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 came into force.[5] As of 2016, it covered an area of 10 hectares (25 acres).[3] - In 1990, the conservation park was described as consisting of “a consolidated calcarenite dune overlain by weakly-structured sandy soils” that “extends from the east” with a “swale or low-lying plainwhich continues into adjacent farmland” on its western side. The vegetation cover was described as consisting of “an open scrub formation” of silver-leaved banksia, blackwood, and golden wattle” on the dune with “mainly introduced pasture grasses with some kangaroo grass… and knobby club-rush… covering the swale in the west. It was reported that native vegetation within the conservation park “has been considerably disturbed mainly through grazing by stock and rabbits” and during the early 1950s, a “row of pine trees was planted on the southern boundary to control sand drift”.[4] - In 1990, it was reported that two archaeological sites are located on the dune as evident by a “thin scatter of artefacts” on its surface. It is speculated that “the area supported a substantial Aboriginal population as it is elevated, well sheltered and watered, and would have offered many sources of food.” Also, there was an abandoned stone quarry on the southern side of the conservation park and a sand pit in its north from which material was extracted for road construction by state government agencies.[4] - The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:31:44 -List of Hot Soul Singles number ones of 1979 - Wikipedia," - Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs is a chart published by Billboard that ranks the top-performing songs in the United States in African-American-oriented musical genres; the chart has undergone various name changes since its launch in 1942 to reflect the evolution of such genres. In 1979, it was published under the title Hot Soul Singles. During that year, 20 different singles topped the chart, based on playlists submitted by radio stations and surveys of retail sales outlets.[1] - In September, Michael Jackson gained his first soul chart-topper as a solo artist with ""Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough"".[2] The singer had previously achieved several soul number ones with his brothers as the Jackson 5,[3] and had charted sporadically in his own right since 1971, but did not reach the top spot as a soloist until 1979.[2] Jackson would go on to become one of the most successful musicians of all time, selling hundreds of millions of records, and one of the defining artists of the 20th century.[4] Donna Summer also topped the soul listing for the first time in July with ""Bad Girls"".[5] Known as the ""Queen of Disco"",[6] she had previously achieved five chart-toppers on the Disco Action chart.[7] In December, ""I Wanna Be Your Lover"" gave Prince his first number one,[8] the first major success of a career which would take him to superstar status and see him regarded as one of the most innovative and influential musicians of his generation.[9] Eight other acts reached number one for the first time in their respective careers in 1979: Cheryl Lynn, Chuck Brown & the Soul Searchers, Instant Funk, Sister Sledge, GQ, Peaches & Herb, Anita Ward, and McFadden & Whitehead.[10] Ward's single ""Ring My Bell"" was a major national and international success, topping the all-genre Hot 100 chart, but she would not be able to replicate its success and is regarded as a one-hit wonder.[11][12][13] - Sister Sledge was the only act to have multiple soul number ones during the year, topping the chart with ""He's the Greatest Dancer"" in March and ""We Are Family"" in June, but these would prove to be the only chart-toppers for the sibling act.[14] The year's longest-running number one was ""Good Times"" by Chic, which spent six consecutive weeks in the top spot and was ranked by Billboard as the year's top soul song. The year's final chart-topper was ""Do You Love What You Feel"" by Rufus and Chaka, which reached the top spot in the issue dated December 15 and stayed there for the remainder of the year. Vocalist Chaka Khan had achieved her first solo number one the previous year, but continued to record with the band until 1983 alongside her ongoing solo career.[15][16] -",2023-08-26 18:31:48 -Nubian Nile Party - Wikipedia,"The Nubian Nile Party is a political party that emphasizes issues that pertain to the Nubian community.[1] They are right-leaning politically, and want Nubians to have more rights and representation in politics in Egypt.[2] - This article about a political party in Egypt is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:54 -Marcel Belliveau - Wikipedia,"Joseph Marcel Belliveau (January 29, 1895 – May 29, 1964[1]) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. In 1913-14, he played with the Halifax Crescents of the Maritime Professional Hockey Association, scoring 21 goals in 24 games. - He played left wing for one game with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey Association in 1914-15. After being released by the Canadiens he returned east and played with the Sydney Millionaires of the Eastern Professional Hockey League. - In 1915, he joined the Canadian army in Europe and was severely wounded in the battle of the Somme. After the war he settled in Dorchester, New Brunswick. He coached the Dorchester college team to provincial championships in 1927 and 1928. [2] - - This biographical article relating to a Canadian ice hockey winger born in the 1890s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:31:58 -Paal-Helge Haugen - Wikipedia,"Paal-Helge Haugen (born 26 April 1945) is a Norwegian poet, novelist, dramatist and children's writer who has published over 30 books. His titles have been translated into at least 20 languages. His 1968 ""punktroman"" or ""pointillist novel,"" Anne, was the first in its genre and was soon considered a modern classic. In 2019, Hanging Loose Press published the first English translation of Anne], after Julia Johanne Tolo's translation of the book won the sixth annual Loose Translations Prize, jointly sponsored by Hanging Loose Press and the graduate writing program of Queens College, City University of New York. - Haugen was born in Valle, Setesdal, and studied medicine at the University of Oslo. During the period 1965-67, Haugen was a member of the editorial team of literary magazine Profile. He made his literary debut with Blad frå ein austleg hage in 1965, a translation of Japanese haiku. It was shortly followed by På botnen av ein mørk sommar in 1967, an adaptations of Chinese poems and his first collection of original poetry. Studies in film and literature took him to the United States in 1971. From 1973-1978 he taught creative writing in Norway. Since then Haugen has worked as a freelance writer. - Haugen has published eighteen volumes of poetry, including two volumes of selected poems and one of collected poems since 1967. His works have been translated into a 20th-century language. He has collaborated with numerous artists (Kjell Nupen, Grete Nash, Olaf Chr. Jensen, Jens Johannesen, Jan Groth, and others) and both Norwegian and international composers (Iannis Xenakis, Atli Heimir Sveinsson, Kjell Habbestad, Bjørn Kruse, Arne Nordheim, Lillebjørn Nilsen and others).[1] He has been chairman of the Norwegian National Film Selection (1980–85), chairman of the Norwegian Authors Association Literary Council and deputy chairman of the Norwegian Playwrights' Association.[2] - Det overvintra lyset, first published in 1985, won both the Gyldendal's Endowment and the Nynorsk Literature Prize for the year’s best book written in Nynorsk. He received the Dobloug Prize in 1987, and was awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 1990. He received the Brage Prize in 1994 for Sone 0. Haugen was nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1991 for Meditasjonar over Georges de La Tour.[3][4] - In January 2009 King Harald V of Norway made Haugen a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, awarding him for his work for Norwegian literature and culture.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:32:03 -Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball - Wikipedia," - Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball is the men's college basketball team that represents Cleveland State University. Prior to rebranding from Fenn College, they were known as the Fenn College Foxes. Cleveland State has been in Division I since 1972. They are a member of the Horizon League (1994–present) Cleveland State was formerly in the Mid-Continent Conference (1982–1994). Prior to 1982, Cleveland State was an independent program. - The 1985–86 season is arguably the most memorable in Vikings history, as they achieved the improbable in becoming the first ever 14th seeded team to make it to the Sweet Sixteen of the 1986 NCAA tournament. Coach Kevin Mackey's squad, led by Ken 'Mouse' McFadden and Eric Mudd, upset Bobby Knight's 3rd seeded Indiana Hoosiers, by a final of 83-79. Following a 75-69 second round win against 6th seeded St.Joseph's, the Vikings would ultimately lose to Navy 71-70 on a clutch basket in the waning seconds by future Hall of Famer, David Robinson. Cleveland State would qualify for the NIT Tournament the following two seasons, but went 23 seasons until returning to the NCAA Tournament. - On Monday, December 15, 2008, Cleveland State had their biggest regular season victory in school history, upsetting the #11 Syracuse Orange, 72-69, on a last-second, three-quarter court shot from senior guard Cedric Jackson. It was CSU's third-ever win over a Top 25 ranked opponent, and first ever on the road.[2][3] They would pick up their fourth and fifth wins over Top 25 opponents later that same season when they won at #17 Butler in the championship game of the Horizon League Tournament 57-54, and then in the first round of the 2009 NCAA tournament when, as the 13th seeded team in the Midwest bracket, they routed 4th seeded and #12 Wake Forest by a final score of 84-69. - Records vs. Horizon League schools as of the end of the 2020–2021 school year. - Records vs. Ohio schools as of the end of the 2015–2016 school year. - - AMCU/Mid Continent Player of the Year - AMCU/Mid Continent Coach of the Year - AMCU/Mid Continent Newcomer of the Year - Horizon League Player of the Year - Horizon League Newcomer of the Year - Horizon League Defensive Player of the Year - Horizon League Sixth Man of the Year - Horizon League Coach of the Year - HoopDirt.com Division I Coach of the Year - [5] - [8] - Regular Draft - Cleveland State has made three appearances in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, having a record of 3–3. - Cleveland State has appeared in the National Invitation Tournament six times, with the Vikings having a record of 3–6. - The Vikings have received one College Basketball Invitational (CBI) berth. Their record is 0–1. - Cleveland State has appeared in the CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament twice, having a combined record of 1–2. - Cleveland State has retired four numbers in program history. - Cleveland State has won six regular season championships (1985, 1986, 1993, 2011, 2021, 2022) and three conference tournaments (1986, 2009, 2021). - Seven Cleveland State alumni have played in the NBA,[34] including: - The flagship station for CSU men's basketball is WARF 1350 AM, with announcer Al Pawlowski. Any CSU games WARF can't air due to conflicts slide over to sister station WTAM 1100 AM/106.9 FM.[35] -",2023-08-26 18:32:06 -Diva (My Sister's Machine album) - Wikipedia,"Diva is the debut studio album by American rock band My Sister's Machine. - Before the formation of My Sister's Machine, singer and lyricist Nick Pollock had played guitar in an early incarnation of Alice in Chains with vocalist Layne Staley;[1] they called themselves Alice N' Chains. When that band broke up on friendly terms in 1987, Pollock played for a year with older musicians in a funk band.[1] In 1989, he formed MSM along with guitarist Owen Wright, bassist Chris Ivanovich, and drummer Chris Gohde;[1] Wright and Gohde previously played in a band called Mistrust, which also included former Culprit singer Jeff L’Heureux.[2][3] - Since none of the other band members had ever been a singer before, Pollock got the job by default being the band's primary lyricist.[1] In order to have more artistic control over their debut album, the band initially decided to sign a deal with a small independent record company called Caroline Records.[1] ""The band's standpoint is that it's not time,"" Pollock said. ""We consciously decided to go with an independent, so we could (have the freedom to) say, 'This is the way I want the cover to look,' and 'I want to be part of producing the album, even though I am not a record producer, because it's a learning experience for me.' We have a really good relationship with the label. When the time comes when we're ready to move on, they're more than willing to sell the contract to a major label with the resources to put on a bigger marketing push.""[1] The album was recorded at Robert Lang Studios in Shoreline, Washington. - Pollock is credited for writing or co-writing all music and lyrics off Diva. Mike Boehm of the Los Angeles Times wrote that while there are ""some clear Alice in Chains echoes in My Sister's Machine...one can also detect similarities to sources beyond one scene--you can hear some of the Cult's catchy hard-riffing, and some of Axl Rose's contorted, word-bending phrasing.""[1] Boehm also observed that MSM differed most from their Seattle contemporaries in lyrical content, writing, ""Typically, the Seattle bands are a markedly angry, doom-laden bunch, sticking to the dark side and giving shape to feelings that come with being part of a generation that faces the likelihood of being materially worse off than its parents. My Sister's Machine is far more even-handed.""[1] From there, Boehm contrasts the aggression of ""I Hate You"" with the stricken apology of ""I'm Sorry"".[1] He also highlights another track ""Monster Box"" where he writes, ""MSM takes a radical departure from standard heavy-metal ideology by condemning libertinism and sex without emotional bonds."" Pollock said of the song, ""'Monster Box' isn't about AIDS, but about morality. It's just me going off about my beliefs, and how life should be.""[1] - The resulting album, Diva, was released January 24, 1992. Diva included the singles ""I'm Sorry"" and ""I Hate You"", both of which had accompanying music videos. The video for ""I'm Sorry"" was directed by Paul Rachman, who also directed music videos for Alice in Chains' ""Man in the Box"" and ""Sea of Sorrow"". Steve Kurutz of AllMusic gave the album four and a half stars, calling it ""a surprisingly strong record musically...Though the lyrics are, for the most part, ridiculously poor, they are delivered with enough attitude that the listener will hardly notice unless he reads the album booklet.""[4] Jim Washburn, also of Los Angeles Times, described the band as ""more melodic and more propulsive than its Seattle soul mates Alice in Chains"" on the album but was far less enthused when he saw them in concert, during which they were said to be filming the video for ""I Hate You"".[5] Troy J. Augusto of Variety described the album as ""a noisy, angry and yet thoughtful collection that points to good fortune for the band.""[6] - All lyrics written by Nick Pollock, except where noted.[7] All music written by Owen Wright and Nick Pollock, except where noted.[7] - Adapted from AllMusic.[8] - My Sister's Machine - Additional personnel - Management - Production - -",2023-08-26 18:32:10 -I Album: ID - Wikipedia,"I Album: ID (stylized as I album -iD-) is the ninth studio album of the Japanese duo KinKi Kids. It was released on December 13, 2006. The album was certified platinum by the RIAJ for 250,000 copies shipped to stores in Japan.[1] - - This article about a Japanese album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:13 -Friedrich Benfer - Wikipedia,"Friedrich Benfer (28 August 1905 – 30 January 1996) was a German film actor.[1] - - This article about an Italian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:16 -"Toygarlı, Narman - Wikipedia"," - Toygarlı is a neighbourhood in the Narman District of Erzurum Province in Turkey.[1] - - - This geographical article about a location in Erzurum Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:20 -1987–88 Philadelphia 76ers season - Wikipedia,"The 1987–88 NBA season was the 76ers 39th season in the NBA and 25th season in Philadelphia. This was the first season of the post-Julius Erving era, as the team was now led by Charles Barkley. As a result, the Sixers failed to reach the playoffs for the first time since 1975, going 36–46. Matt Goukas was fired in the middle of the season after going 20-23 and was replaced by Jim Lynam. - This was the final season for Andrew Toney, as the former All-Star guard was forced to retire due to foot injuries. - Roster Last transaction: March 3, 1988 -",2023-08-26 18:32:23 -"Las Delicias, Mexico - Wikipedia","Las Delicias is a city in Baja California in Tijuana Municipality, Mexico. The city had a population of 15,486 as of 2010. -  WikiMiniAtlas32°24′32″N 116°56′37″W / 32.40889°N 116.94361°W / 32.40889; -116.94361 - - This article about a location in the Mexican state of Baja California is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:27 -"Inkster, Michigan - Wikipedia"," - Inkster is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2010 census, the city population was 25,369.[4] - The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans. It was settled by non-indigenous people in 1825. A post office named ""Moulin Rouge"" was established there in December 1857. Robert Inkster, a Scotsman born March 27, 1828, in Lerwick, Shetland,[5] operated a steam sawmill on present-day Inkster Road near Michigan Avenue in the early 1860s. - The post office was renamed ""Inkster"" in July 1863. The village had a station on the Michigan Central Railroad by 1878. It incorporated as a village in 1926 from parts of Nankin Township and Dearborn Township. After much legal wrangling by the city of Dearborn, Dearborn Township, and the village of Inkster to sort out final borders for these communities, Inkster was incorporated as a city in 1964.[6][7] - In the 1920s and 1930s, African-Americans working in Henry Ford's Dearborn factories settled in Inkster, as it was closer to their work than Detroit, while they were not allowed to live in Dearborn itself.[8] - As a result of the police beating of Floyd Dent in January 2015, which was caught on a police vehicle's dash cam and released to the public, the victim was awarded $1.4 million. A special assessment of Inkster residents will pay for the settlement, on their July 1, 2015, property tax bill.[9] - According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.25 square miles (16.19 km2), all land.[10] - As of the census[12] of 2010, there were 25,369 people, 9,821 households, and 6,175 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,059.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,567.2/km2). There were 11,647 housing units at an average density of 1,863.5 per square mile (719.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.2% African American, 20.5% White, 0.3% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population. - There were 9,821 households, of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.7% were married couples living together, 30.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.24. - The median age in the city was 34.2 years. 27.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.4% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.8% male and 53.2% female. - At the 2000 census,[2] there were 30,115 people, 11,169 households and 7,460 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,808.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,856.4/km2). There were 12,013 housing units at an average density of 1,918.0 per square mile (740.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 67.51% African American, 28.7% White, 0.41% Native American, 3.42% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.74% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.60% of the population. - There were 11,169 households, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.0% were married couples living together, 26.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.26. - Age distribution was 29.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males. - The median household income was $35,950, and the median family income was $41,176. Males had a median income of $37,986 versus $26,567 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,711. About 15.2% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over. - The city had 63 police officers in 2010. In 2013 it had 25 police officers. Inkster Justice Center, which is to house the Inkster Police Department and the 22nd District Court, was scheduled to be opened in Spring 2014. Financed with bond funds, it had a cost of $7.7 million and had a shortfall of about $400,000 in the construction fund.[13] - In 2017, it was reported that a one-time property tax assessment of nearly $200 was levied on Inkster residents to cover settlements in police brutality cases. The largest individual settlement was to Floyd Dent for $1.4 million after the 57-year-old man was pulled over and badly beaten as evidenced by the police officer's dashboard camera.[14] - Portions of Inkster are within the Wayne-Westland Community Schools, Westwood Community Schools, Taylor School District, and the Romulus School District.[15][16][17] - Westwood operates the Daly Elementary School and the Tomlinson Middle School in Inkster.[18][19] Robichaud High School in Dearborn Heights is the district high school. - Wayne-Westland operates David Hicks Elementary School in Inkster.[20] The portions of Inkster that are located in the Wayne-Westland district are zoned to Hicks.[21][22] One portion of the Hicks zone is assigned to Marshall Upper Elementary School,[23] Stevenson Middle School in Westland,[24] John Glenn High School, all in Westland.[25] Another portion of the Hicks zone is assigned to Adams Upper Elementary School in Westland,[26] Franklin Middle School in Wayne,[27] and Wayne Memorial High School in Wayne.[28] - Portions of Inkster that had been in the Taylor School District prior to the dissolution of the Inkster School District are assigned to Taylor Parks Elementary School,[29] Hoover Middle School,[30] and Taylor High School in Taylor.[31] - Romulus Senior High School is the Romulus district's secondary school. - Burger Baylor School for Students with Autism of the Garden City School District is located in Inkster,[32] in the former Baylor-Woodson Elementary School.[33] - Previously most of Inkster was within the Inkster Public Schools district. As of summer 2013, the Inkster Public Schools District was entirely dissolved.[34] The remaining students were split up among the Taylor, Romulus, Wayne-Westland and Westwood districts.[15] Inkster High School, the high school of the Inkster district, closed in 2013.[35] Areas were given to the new districts by quadrants. Students north of Michigan Avenue and west of Middlebelt were rezoned to Wayne-Westland. Students north of Michigan Avenue and east of Middlebelt were rezoned to Westwood. Students south of Michigan Avenue and west of Middlebelt were rezoned to Romulus. Students south of Michigan and east of Middlebelt were rezoned to Taylor.[36] - Areas of Inkster in the Taylor district were zoned to Harry S. Truman High School,[37] until it merged into Taylor High in 2018.[31] -",2023-08-26 18:32:30 -AIDAblu - Wikipedia,"AIDAblu is a Sphinx-class cruise ship, operated by the German cruise line, AIDA Cruises. AIDAblu is the seventh ship[5] in the cruise line. The vessel was delivered by Meyer Werft on 4 February 2010.[6] She is a sister ship to AIDAdiva, AIDAbella, AIDAluna[5] with a half deck more, and is followed by similar AIDAsol and AIDAmar. She has a passenger capacity of 2,050. - The name of AIDAblu was used for a former AIDA ship from 2004 to 2007. - AIDAblu has six restaurants, ten bars,[4] 8,120 square metres (87,000 sq ft) of outer deck area and a 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft) theatrium.[4] - It also has the first brewery installed on a cruise ship, where the beers served in the ship are brewed.[6] - AIDAblu has 1096 cabins, 374 are on the inside and 722 on the outside.[6] -The callsign is IBWX . IMO 9398888 . MMSI 247282500. - In 2010 Francesco Schettino, the captain of the ill-fated Costa Concordia before, was the captain of the Costa Atlantica, also a Carnival Corporation ship as it entered the port of Warnemünde, Germany, at too high a speed, allegedly causing damage to the AIDAblu.[7] - On 18 May 2020, whilst the ship was docked in Hamburg, a male Filipino crew member of AIDAblu who had worked in the galley department was found dead in his cabin. The crew member was not suspected to have died of COVID-19.[8] - - This article about a specific cruise ship is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:34 -Ship of Fools (Erasure song) - Wikipedia,"""Ship of Fools"" is a song by British synth-pop duo Erasure, released in February 1988 as the lead single from their third studio album, The Innocents (1988).[3] The song was written by Vince Clarke and Andy Bell, and produced by Stephen Hague and Dave Jacob.[4] It peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, and was the duo's eighth single overall and their fourth UK Top 10 single.[5] - Colin Irwin from Number One wrote, ""Memorable in a tooth-achey kind of way and not a patch on 'Circus' which was at least disguised in brightness an light. And Andy Bell still sounds exactly like Alison Moyet.""[2] Eleanor Levy of Record Mirror described ""Ship of Fools"" as Erasure ""at their most open, melodic and beautiful"". She added, ""If there's one voice guaranteed to make the old erogenous zones come over all a-quiver it's Andy Bell's when he gets all throaty and emotional like this.""[6] Ro Newton from Smash Hits named it Single of the Fortnight, writing, ""'Ship of Fools' is first and foremost a song, not a load of sterile bumps and clicks cobbed together in the way that some of the records on the charts are at the moment. It also happens to be very soothing with the quavery tones of Andy Bell fluttering away softly while Vince Clarke provides a strong orchestral backing with loads of swirly strings and other ""subtle"" things. I actually think this is rather wonderful and just the thing for the more sensitive souls among us to sip our Horlicks to!""[7] - In an 2007 review, the Daily Vault's Michael R. Smith commented, ""My only complaint about ""Ship Of Fools"" is that Andy chooses to sing in a lower register. Whenever he does this, it makes the song sound like a warped record; his voice was always as its best in the more comfortable range of falsetto.""[8] In 2014, Chris Gerard from Metro Weekly described it as a ""dramatic ballad"" that showed a completely different side of Erasure. He also noted that it featured Andy Bell's ""finest vocal yet"", and ""showed significant artistic growth for the duo.""[9] - A music video was filmed to promote the single, directed by Phillip Vile.[10] - -",2023-08-26 18:32:38 -Camilla Gottschalck - Wikipedia,"Camilla Gottschalck is a Danish composer, singer, and musician. - She has a musical education as a singer and musician (drums, piano). Camilla Gottschalck has also many years of experience as a composer. She has been a lead singer in several soul/pop/acoustic bands, a member of various choirs and she is often hired as a backing singer on studio recordings. She has worked with many internationally known producers, songwriters and musicians throughout the past years.[1] - Camilla Gottschalck has written songs for many international artists. Amongst them is Hera Björk, with whom she co-wrote Heras winning song ""Because You Can"" in Vina Del Mar 2013.[2][3][4] during the years she has worked with artists such as Icelandic Erna Hrönn,[5] the Swedish group Titanix[6] and DQ.[7] - In ESC 2013 she has co-written songs like ""Fool In Love"" performed by Dāvids Kalandija and Dināra in the Latvian national final and in Moldova, Svetlana Bogdanova performed the song ""Conquer My Heart"" in the first semifinal.[8] In 2012 she had the song ""Run"" with Eva Boto, in the Slovenian preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest. And back in 2011 Camilla had her ESC Debut by participating in the Irish preselection with the song ""Falling"" performed by Nikki Kavanagh.[9] Later that same year, with two songs in the Spanish preselection for Eurovision Song Contest, ""Sueños rotos""[10] performed by Melissa Canta and the song ""Volver""[11] performed by Auryn. This last song was also on Auryns award-winning album, ""Endless Road, 7058"".[12] -Previously she performed in the Irish Eurovision preselection ""Et Cetera (song)"", 2009 as a backing vocalist, as well as in the Danish Eurovision preselection on stage with Hera Björk and the song ""Someday"", 2009. -She is also a member and vocalist of the jazz pop project Technicoloured Roses.[13] -Together with Christina Schilling[14] she is the owner of Pixieland Productions.[15] - Educated in Meisner technique at skuespillerskolen ophelia in Copenhagen, the only professional actors academy in Europe with a foundation in Meisner Technique.[16] -Camilla Gottschalck has for instance worked with and is trained by Sarah Boberg, Pia Bovin, Lane Lind, Jesper Lohmann, Ken Vedsegaard, Inge Dinesen, Finn Hesselager, Mei Oulund, Bronwen Loshak and Peter Dupont Weiss.[17] -Her work as an actress include roles in theatre plays, films and radio theatre plays and also worked with dubbing and speaks[citation needed]. Furthermore, Camilla Gottschalck has an extensive experience as an author and actress in interactive theatre for clients such as DSB, Rehfeld and Slots- og Ejendomsstyrelsen.[18] -",2023-08-26 18:32:42 -Gordon Ramsay - Wikipedia," - Gordon James Ramsay OBE (/ˈræmziː/; born (1966-11-08)8 November 1966) is a British celebrity chef, restaurateur, television presenter, and writer. His restaurant group, Gordon Ramsay Restaurants, was founded in 1997 and has been awarded 17 Michelin stars overall; it currently holds a total of seven.[1][2][3][4] His signature restaurant, Restaurant Gordon Ramsay in Chelsea, London, has held three Michelin stars since 2001.[5] After rising to fame on the British television miniseries Boiling Point in 1999, Ramsay became one of the best-known and most influential chefs in the world.[6][7] - Ramsay's television appearances are defined by his fiery temper, strict demeanour, and the frequent use of profanity while making blunt, critical, and controversial comments, including insults and sardonic wisecracks about contestants and their cooking abilities. He combines activities in the television, film, hospitality, and food industries, and has promoted and hired various chefs who have apprenticed under his wing. He is known for presenting television programmes about competitive cookery and food, such as the British series Hell's Kitchen (2004), Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares (2004–2009, 2014), and The F Word (2005–2010), with Kitchen Nightmares winning the 2005 British Academy Television Award for Best Feature, and the American versions of Hell's Kitchen (2005–present), Kitchen Nightmares (2007–present), MasterChef (2010–present), and MasterChef Junior (2013–present), as well as Hotel Hell (2012–2016), Gordon Behind Bars (2012), Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back (2018–2020), and Next Level Chef (2022–present). - Ramsay was appointed an OBE by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2006 New Year Honours list for services to the hospitality industry. He was named the top chef in the UK at the 2000 Catey Awards, and in July 2006 he won the Catey for Independent Restaurateur of the Year, becoming only the third person to have won three Catey Awards. In 2020, Forbes listed his earnings at US $70 million for the previous 12 months and ranked him at No.19 on its list of the highest-earning celebrities.[8] - Gordon James Ramsay was born in the Scottish town of Johnstone on 8 November 1966,[9][10] the son of Helen (née Cosgrove), a nurse,[11][12] and Gordon James Sr., who worked as a swimming pool manager, welder, and shopkeeper.[11] He has an older sister, a younger brother,[13] and a younger sister. When he was nine years old, he moved with his family to England and grew up in the Bishopton area of Stratford-upon-Avon.[10] He has described his early life as ""hopelessly itinerant"" and said his family moved constantly owing to the aspirations and failures of his father, who was an occasionally violent alcoholic; Ramsay described him as a ""hard-drinking womaniser"".[11] In his autobiography, he revealed that his father abused and neglected the children.[12][14] He worked as a pot washer in a local Indian restaurant where his sister was a waitress.[15] He had hoped to become a footballer and was first chosen to play under-14 football at the age of 12, but his early footballing career was marked by injuries; after a serious knee injury, he was forced to give it up.[12] At the age of 16, he moved out of the family home and into an apartment in Banbury.[16] - Ramsay's interest in cooking began in his teenage years; rather than be known as ""the football player with the gammy knee"",[12] he decided to pay more serious attention to his culinary education at age 19. Ramsay enrolled at North Oxfordshire Technical College, sponsored by the Rotarians, to study hotel management. He describes his decision to enter catering college as ""a complete accident"".[17] - In the mid-1980s, he worked as a commis chef at the Wroxton House Hotel. He ran the kitchen and 60-seat dining room at the Wickham Arms until he quit after having sex with the owner's wife.[18] Ramsay then moved to London, where he worked in a series of restaurants until being inspired to work for Marco Pierre White at Harveys.[12] - After working at Harveys for two years and ten months, Ramsay, tired of ""the rages and the bullying and violence"", decided that the way to further advance his career was to study French cuisine. White discouraged Ramsay from taking a job in Paris, instead encouraging him to work for Albert Roux at Le Gavroche in Mayfair. Ramsay decided to take his advice, and there, Ramsay met Jean-Claude Breton, who would later become his maître d'hôtel at Restaurant Gordon Ramsay. After Ramsay worked at Le Gavroche for a year, Albert Roux invited him to work with him at Hotel Diva, a ski resort in the French Alps, as his number two. From there, a 23-year-old Ramsay moved to Paris to work with Guy Savoy and Joël Robuchon, both Michelin-starred chefs. In Master Chef series 3 episode 18, Ramsay stated that Guy Savoy was his mentor. He continued his training in France for three years, before giving in to the physical and mental stress of the kitchens and taking a year to work as a personal chef on the private yacht Idlewild, based in Bermuda.[12] The role on the boat saw him travel to Sicily and Sardinia, Italy, and learn about Italian cuisine.[19] - Upon his return to London in 1993, Ramsay was offered the position of head chef, under chef-patron Pierre Koffmann, at the three-Michelin-starred La Tante Claire in Chelsea. Shortly thereafter, Marco Pierre White reentered his life, offering to set him up with a head chef position and 10% share in the Rossmore, owned by White's business partners. The restaurant was renamed Aubergine and went on to win its first Michelin star fourteen months later. In 1997, Aubergine won its second Michelin star. Despite the restaurant's success, a dispute with Ramsay's business owners, who wanted to turn Aubergine into a chain, and Ramsay's dream of running his own restaurant led to his leaving the partnership in July 1998.[20][21] He has described the decision to set out on his own as ""the most important day of my entire cooking career; the most important decision of my life"".[22] - In 1998, Ramsay opened his own restaurant in Chelsea, Restaurant Gordon Ramsay, with the help of his father-in-law, Chris Hutcheson, and his former colleagues at Aubergine.[23] The restaurant gained its third Michelin star in 2001, making Ramsay the first Scot to achieve that feat.[24] In 2011, The Good Food Guide listed Restaurant Gordon Ramsay as the second best in the UK, only bettered by The Fat Duck in Bray, Berkshire.[25] - After establishing his first restaurant, Ramsay's empire expanded rapidly. He next opened Pétrus, then Amaryllis in Glasgow (which he was later forced to close), and later Gordon Ramsay at Claridge's. He hired his friend and maître d'hôtel Jean-Philippe Susilovic, who works at Pétrus and also appears on Ramsay's US television programme Hell's Kitchen. Restaurants at the Dubai Creek and Connaught hotels followed, the latter branded with his protegee Angela Hartnett's name. Ramsay has opened restaurants outside the UK, beginning with Verre in Dubai. Two restaurants, Gordon Ramsay at Conrad Tokyo and Cerise by Gordon Ramsay, both opened in Tokyo in 2005. In November 2006, Gordon Ramsay at the London opened in New York City,[26] winning top newcomer in the city's coveted Zagat guide, despite mixed reviews from professional critics.[27] - In 2007, Ramsay opened his first restaurant in Ireland, Gordon Ramsay at Powerscourt, at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Powerscourt, County Wicklow.[28] This restaurant closed in 2013. In May 2008, he opened his first restaurant in the Western US, in The London West Hollywood Hotel (formerly the Bel-Age Hotel) on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. The contract expired in 2015, closing the restaurant.[29] - On 9 August 2011, Ramsay opened his first Canadian restaurant, Laurier Gordon Ramsay (at the former Rotisserie Laurier BBQ) in Montreal.[30] In February 2012, Danny Lavy, the owner of the restaurant, announced the restaurant was disassociating itself from Ramsay, citing a lack of involvement and understanding on Ramsay's part.[31] The restaurant closed in 2013.[32] - Restaurant Gordon Ramsay, located at Royal Hospital Road, London, was voted Top Restaurant in the UK in the London Zagat Survey in 2001 and was awarded its third Michelin star.[33] - He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2006 New Year Honours list for services to the hospitality industry, but almost missed the award ceremony when his plane was delayed.[34] - In July 2006, Ramsay won the Catey award for ""Independent Restaurateur of the Year"", becoming only the third person to have won three Catey awards. Ramsay's two previous Catey awards were in 1995 (Newcomer of the Year) and 2000 (Chef of the Year). The other two triple-winners are Michel Roux and Jacquie Pern.[35] In September 2006, he was named as the most influential person in the UK hospitality industry in the annual Caterersearch 100 list, published by Caterer and Hotelkeeper magazine. He overtook Jamie Oliver, who had been top of the list in 2005.[36] Also in 2006, Ramsay was nominated as a candidate for Rector of the University of St Andrews, but lost at the polls to Simon Pepper.[37] - Ramsay's flagship restaurant, Restaurant Gordon Ramsay, was voted London's top restaurant in Harden's for eight years, but in 2008 was placed below Pétrus, a restaurant run by former protégé Marcus Wareing.[38] In January 2013, Ramsay was inducted into the Culinary Hall of Fame.[39] - On 14 June 2017, Ramsay set a new Guinness World Record for the 'Fastest time to fillet a 10 lb fish', achieving the record in 1 minute and 5 seconds.[40] On 16 August 2017, Ramsay set a 'Guinness World Record for the Longest Pasta Sheet Rolled in 60 Seconds', which measured 1.45 metres.[41] In June 2022, he was recognised by the International Hospitality Institute as one of the 100 Most Powerful People in Global Hospitality.[42][43] - All of Ramsay's business interests (restaurants, media, consultancy) are held in the company Gordon Ramsay Holdings Limited, which was run in partnership with his father-in-law, Chris Hutcheson, and incorporated on 29 October 1997.[44] Ramsay owns a 69% stake, valued at £67 million in 2007.[45] Whereas previous ventures acted as a combined consultant/brand, in November 2006 Ramsay announced plans to create three restaurants in the United States. These opened in 2006/2007 at the London Hotel in Manhattan, in October 2006,[26] the Cielo in Boca Raton, Florida, and at the London Hotel in West Hollywood, California. Ramsay acts as a consultant to numerous catering organisations. In 2005 he was recruited by Singapore Airlines as one of its ""International Culinary Panel"" consultants.[46] - In late 2006, Gordon Ramsay Holdings purchased three London pubs, which were converted into gastropubs. These are: The Narrow in Limehouse, which opened in March 2007, the Devonshire in Chiswick, which opened in October 2007 and The Warrington in Maida Vale, which opened in February 2008. Both The Devonshire and The Warrington were sold in 2011.[47] - In May 2008, it was confirmed that Ramsay's protege of 15 years, Marcus Wareing, was going solo, having opened and operated Pétrus at The Berkeley Hotel on behalf of Gordon Ramsay Holdings since 2003.[48] With the name Pétrus owned by Gordon Ramsay Holdings, industry sources suggested it was likely to transfer to another restaurant in the group with the former La Noisette site identified as the most likely.[49] In April 2010, Jason Atherton, executive chef of Maze restaurants worldwide, resigned to open his own venue in Mayfair.[50] - On 19 October 2010, the company Gordon Ramsay Holdings Limited announced that Chris Hutcheson had left his position as CEO. Shortly afterwards, Ramsay released a letter to the press describing how he had unravelled the ""manipulative"" Hutcheson's ""complex life"" after having had him followed by a private detective. His father-in-law's ""away days,"" wrote Ramsay, ""were rarely what I thought they were."" Company accounts show Hutcheson borrowed up to £1.5 million from Gordon Ramsay Holdings, though Hutcheson says he reported the borrowings to the company and paid the money back. Hutcheson said he had been ""vaporised"" and subjected to a ""public hanging"" by Ramsay, whom he described as a friendless egotist.[51] In April 2017, Hutcheson pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiracy to hack into the computers of Gordon Ramsay Holdings Limited.[52] - In October 2012, Ramsay opened The Fat Cow in Los Angeles at The Grove, a shopping area that is also popular with tourists.[53] Ramsay explained his intention for the Fat Cow in a press release to signify the opening of the venue: ""The concept for The Fat Cow came from my desire to have a neighbourhood restaurant that you could go to all the time to just relax and enjoy a terrific meal.""[54]The Fat Cow closed in 2014 amid legal issues.[55] - In partnership with footballer David Beckham, Ramsay opened the Union Street Café in the Southwark district of London, UK in September 2013. The Italian cuisine of the Union Street Café, with a menu that revolved on a daily basis, was overseen by Chef Davide Degiovanni.[56][57] The Union Street Café's location in Southwark was taken over in 2020–21 by two other Gordon Ramsay restaurants: Street Pizza, and Bread Street Kitchen & Bar.[57] - December 2012 saw the Las Vegas opening of Gordon Ramsay Burger (originally spelled BurGR, it was rebranded in 2017).[58] Other locations of the gourmet hamburger dining establishment would open up later[when?] in Chicago, Boston, Seoul, and at Harrods Department Store in London.[citation needed] - In October 2013, the Gordon Ramsay at The London restaurant in New York lost its two Michelin stars owing to issues encountered by the Michelin reviewers. The guide's director Michael Ellis stated that he was served ""some very erratic meals"" and also experienced ""issues with consistency."" The loss followed the closure of another of Ramsay's restaurants, Gordon Ramsay at Claridge's, in June 2013.[59] - In January 2018, Ramsay opened his first location of Gordon Ramsay Hell's Kitchen restaurants, based on the television show. After that site opened on the Las Vegas Strip, six other locations have either been opened or announced, with one in Dubai and the others in the United States.[citation needed] - 17 April 2018, saw the opening of the Ramsay's first Street Pizza, situated in the downstairs area of his One New Change Bread Street Kitchen offering ""bottomless"" pizza.[60] The second ""Street Pizza"" was opened at the chef's York and Albany restaurant, with further locations opening elsewhere later on in London, Dubai, and the USA.[61] - On 26 June 2019, Chloe Sorvino from Forbes magazine reported that Ramsay had struck a $100 million deal with Lion Capital, a private equity firm headquartered in London. Together they formed a subsidiary of the Gordon Ramsay Restaurant group, with Ramsay and Lion each taking 50% ownership, naming it Gordon Ramsay North America (GRNA), and originally intended to open 100 restaurants in the USA by 2024.[62] Those plans were slowed down by the COVID-19 pandemic: in December 2021 GRNA CEO Norman Abdallah stated in a new interview that their updated strategy was to open 75 new company-owned locations across the United States between 2022 and 2026.[63] - On 24 March 2020, Ramsay laid off more than 500 staff in the UK after a number of Ramsay's restaurants had to close temporarily under the coronavirus lockdown.[64] Ramsay, whose personal net income was estimated to be US$63 million in 2019 by Forbes,[65] was criticised for the lay-offs.[66][67] - It was announced in 2019 that Ramsay would open his first restaurant in Macao, Gordon Ramsay Pub & Grill, at the new The Londoner Macao hotel and casino (formerly the Sands Cotai Central).[68][69] As of 2022[update] the restaurant has not yet opened.[70] - 3 December 2020, saw the opening of Ramsay's first Street Burger, in the St. Paul's area of London.[57] Designed to be a more casual experience than the gourmet hamburger dining found at the USA-launched Gordon Ramsay Burgers chain, other Street Burger locations followed in London, Woking, Reading, and in the USA. - In March 2021, Ramsay launched his own brand of California wines; produced in collaboration with Master Sommelier Chris Miller and International Wine Expert Nick Dumergue at Seabold Cellars in Monterey, California.[71] - Ramsay's new cookery school called The Gordon Ramsay Academy opened in Woking, Surrey in September 2021.[72] - Ramsay's first documented role in television was in two fly-on-the-kitchen-wall documentaries: Boiling Point (1999) and Beyond Boiling Point (2000), but he had appeared previously as a judge on a MasterChef-like series for young catering students in 1997, with his then restaurant partner. Ramsay appeared on series three of Faking It in 2001, helping the prospective chef, a burger flipper named Ed Devlin, learn the trade. This episode won the 2001 BAFTA for ""Best Factual TV Moment.""[73][74] - In 2004, Ramsay appeared in two British television series. Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares aired on Channel 4, and saw the chef troubleshooting failing restaurants over one week. This series ran its fifth series in 2007. Hell's Kitchen, a reality show which aired on ITV1, saw Ramsay attempt to train ten British celebrities to be chefs, as they ran a restaurant on Brick Lane in the East End of London, which opened to the public for the two-week duration of the show. Although he was the creator of Hell's Kitchen, Ramsay only starred in the first series, as he signed a four-year contract with Channel 4, ruling out any possibility of him appearing on future episodes of the ITV-produced show.[75] - In May 2005, the Fox network introduced Ramsay to American audiences in a US version of Hell's Kitchen produced by Granada Entertainment and A. Smith & Co. The show follows a similar premise to the original British series, showcasing Ramsay's perfectionism and infamously short temper. Ramsay had also hosted a US version of Kitchen Nightmares, which premiered on Fox on 19 September 2007. On 23 June 2014, Ramsay announced he was ending the series.[76] In June 2018, Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back, a new series with a premise much like Kitchen Nightmares but a shorter timeline, premiered on Fox.[77] - Ramsay has presented five series of a food-based magazine programme titled The F Word; it launched on Channel 4 on 27 October 2005. The show is organised around several key, recurring features, notably a brigade competition, a guest cook competition, a food-related investigative report and a series-long project of raising animals to be served in the finale. The guest cook (usually a celebrity) prepares a dish of their own choosing and places it in competition against a similar dish submitted by Ramsay. The dishes are judged by diners who are unaware of who cooked which dish and, if the guest wins (as they have on numerous occasions), their dish is served at Ramsay's restaurant. The US version premiered on 31 May 2017 on Fox.[78] - In July 2006, Channel 4 announced that it had re-signed Ramsay to an exclusive four-year deal at the network, running until July 2011.[80] The series became one of the highest rated shows aired on Channel 4 each week.[81] During one episode of The F Word, Ramsay cooked in Doncaster Prison in Marshgate for its inmates. The chef was so impressed by the speed at which a prisoner, Kieron Tarff, chopped vegetables that he offered him a job at his restaurant following his release in 2007.[82] - In 2010, Ramsay served as a producer and judge on the US version of MasterChef.[83] (A second season of the show began in June 2011, again starring Ramsay.) On that same show, he was joined by culinary judges Graham Elliot and Joe Bastianich. He starred in a travelogue about his visit to India, Gordon's Great Escape followed by a series set in Asia. He hosted the series Ramsay's Best Restaurant, which was the first UK series by Ramsay's own production company, One Potato Two Potato. - Ramsay joined several other celebrity chefs in the 2010 series, The Big Fish Fight, where he, along with fellow chef Jamie Oliver and a few others, spent time on a trawler boat to raise awareness about the discarding of hundreds of thousands of sea fish. - In March 2012, Fox announced the coming of Ramsay's fourth series for the Fox network, Hotel Hell;[84] the series is similar to Kitchen Nightmares, except that it focuses on struggling hotels, motels and other lodging establishments in the United States.[85] Originally slated for debut 6 April 2012[86] and 4 June 2012,[87] the series debuted 13 August 2012.[88] More recently, he signed a deal with Fox.[citation needed] - In September 2005, Ramsay, along with Jamie Oliver, Heston Blumenthal, Wolfgang Puck and Sanjeev Kapoor, were featured in CNN International's Quest, in which Richard Quest stepped into the shoes of celebrity chefs.[89] - In 2006, Ramsay took part in a television series for ITV, following the lead-up to Soccer Aid, a celebrity charity football match, in which he played only the first half, nursing an injury picked up in training. Ramsay captained the Rest of the World XI against an England XI captained by Robbie Williams. His involvement was limited after he received a four-inch cut in his calf.[citation needed] - During his second appearance on the BBC’s Top Gear, he stated that his current cars were a Ferrari F430 and a Range Rover Sport Supercharged, the latter replacing the Bentley Continental GT he previously owned. On 14 May 2006, he appeared on Top Gear in the ""Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car"" segment. Ramsay held the top spot on Top Gear's celebrity leader board, with a lap time of 1.46.38 until overtaken by Simon Cowell.[90] - Ramsay starred in part of a National Blood Service ""Give Blood"" television advertisement in England, in which he said that he would have died from a ruptured spleen had it not have been for another person's blood donation.[91] On 13 October 2006, he was guest host on the first episode of the BBC's comedy panel show Have I Got News for You's 32nd series. On 27 December 2007, Ramsay appeared in the Extras Christmas special.[92] - In January 2008, Ramsay also guest featured on Channel 4's Big Brother: Celebrity Hijack as the Big Brother housemates took part in his Cookalong Live television show. Gordon spoke directly to the Big Brother House via the house plasma screens, regularly checking on the progress of the contestants.[93] - In 2011, during the results show of American Idol, footage of the top 5 contestants taking on a challenge of cooking with Gordon Ramsay was shown. The Top 5 were given 10 minutes to make the best omelettes.[94] - In November 2011, Ramsay made an appearance on The Simpsons episode ""The Food Wife"". In February 2017, Ramsay made a guest appearance on New Girl episode ""Operation: Bobcat"". Ramsay made an appearance on 11 December 2017 broadcast of Please Take Care of My Refrigerator, a South Korean reality television show on JTBC.[citation needed] In November, Ramsay drew criticism for appearing as a brand ambassador for the mass-produced Korean beer Cass; Ramsay defended it as unpretentious and affordable.[95] - Ramsay voices the character Bolton Gramercy in Big Hero 6: The Series. The character, a chef with a fiery temper, is loosely based on him.[96] - In 1998, following Ramsay's resignation from the Aubergine, A-Z restaurants sued him for £1 million citing lost revenue and breach of contract, but eventually settled out of court.[97] - In June 2006, Ramsay won a High Court case against the London Evening Standard newspaper, in which Victor Lewis Smith had alleged, after reports from previous owner Sue Ray, that scenes and the general condition of Bonaparte's had been faked for Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares. Ramsay was awarded £75,000 plus costs.[98] Ramsay said at the time: ""I won't let people write anything they want to about me. We have never done anything in a cynical fake way.""[98] - In June 2007, Ramsay's show was sued by the terminated general manager (Martin Hyde) of the New York restaurant Purnima (Dillon's), who also alleged fakery. Hyde had quit his position at the restaurant during the show, when Ramsay suggested that the owner hire top Indian chef Vikas Khanna as the consultant chef for Purnima. The lawsuit alleged that ""unknown to the viewing audience, some or all of Kitchen Nightmares are fake and the so-called 'problems uncovered and solved' by Ramsay are, for the most part, created by Ramsay and his staff for the purpose of making it appear that Ramsay is improving the restaurant.""[99] In August 2007, the case was dismissed voluntarily and ordered into arbitration as stipulated in their contract.[citation needed] - On 21 March 2012, Ramsay filed a $2.7 million lawsuit against his former partners of his restaurant in Montreal, Quebec, the Laurier Gordon Ramsay (since renamed The Laurier 1936), over lost licensing fees and defamatory statements made against him.[100][101] On 16 April 2013, just over a year later, Laurier 1936 closed.[102] - In January 2014, Ramsay lost a high court case in relation to the York & Albany pub. Ramsay claimed that his father-in-law had misused a ""ghost writing"" machine to make Ramsay a personal guarantor for the £640,000 annual rent of that pub. Ramsay tried to nullify the 25-year lease, signed in 2007. The judge said that Ramsay had known about the guarantee beforehand but that he had total trust in his father-in-law, Christopher Hutcheson, and left the deal to him. The judge dismissed the case and ordered Ramsay to pay all legal costs and outstanding monies, in total more than one million pounds.[103] - In May 2022, A New York Superior Court judge ended an eight-year legal battle between Gordon Ramsay and his former business partner at The Fat Cow Gordon Ramsay restaurant in Los Angeles, Rowan Seibel, ruling that Gordon Ramsay should be paid $4.5 million (£3.6 million) in damages and court fee coverage. [104] - Ramsay's reputation is built upon his goal of culinary perfection, which is associated with winning three Michelin stars. His mentor, Marco Pierre White, noted that he is highly competitive.[105][106] Since the airing of Boiling Point, which followed Ramsay's quest of earning three Michelin stars, the chef has also become infamous for his fiery temper and use of expletives.[107] Ramsay once famously ejected food critic A. A. Gill, whose dining companion was Joan Collins, from his restaurant, leading Gill to state that ""Ramsay is a wonderful chef, just a really second-rate human being.""[24] Ramsay admitted in his autobiography that he did not mind if Gill insulted his food, but a personal insult he was not going to stand for. Ramsay has also had confrontations with his kitchen staff, including one incident that resulted in the pastry chef calling the police.[108] A 2005 interview reported Ramsay had retained 85% of his staff since 1993.[109] Ramsay attributes his management style to the influence of previous mentors, notably chefs Marco Pierre White and Guy Savoy, and his father-in-law, Chris Hutcheson.[110] - Ramsay's ferocious temper has contributed to his media appeal in both the United Kingdom and the United States, where his programmes are produced.[111][112] MSN Careers featured an article about television's worst bosses, which listed Ramsay as the only non-fictional boss. They cited his frequent loss of his temper and his harsh critiques, notably when he picks on something other than cooking ability, such as calling someone a ""chunky monkey"".[113] - Although Ramsay often mocks the French, one of his most trusted maîtres d'hôtel, Jean-Baptiste Requien (Royal Hospital Road), is French[114] and Ramsay also speaks fluent French from his time in Paris.[115] - In November 2007, Ramsay installed 29-year-old Clare Smyth as head chef at his three-Michelin-starred flagship restaurant on Royal Hospital Road.[116] Smyth is the second high-profile appointment of a female chef by Ramsay, after Angela Hartnett. Smyth was the first female three-Michelin-starred; she moved on to start her own restaurant in 2017. - Ramsay has been criticised for his frequent use of strong language on his programmes, first by British celebrity cook Delia Smith,[117] then, in relation to Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares, by a member of the Federal Parliament of Australia.[118] In his autobiography, Ramsay himself said he was unaware of the extent of his swearing until he watched an episode of Boiling Point. While he stated he did not have a problem with it, ""Mum was appalled"". - On 5 June 2009, Ramsay started trading insults with Australian A Current Affair journalist Tracy Grimshaw. The day after his interview, he was a guest feature at the Melbourne Food and Wine festival. While doing his display, he allegedly insulted Grimshaw and made insinuations about her sexuality. Grimshaw responded the next day, calling Ramsay an ""arrogant, narcissist bully.""[119][120] Ramsay eventually apologised, stating that his behaviour ""was a joke"".[121][122] - TV Guide included him in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.[123] Despite being known for his ferocious temper, Ramsay has been well-received[by whom?] as the host of MasterChef Junior: in contrast to his interaction with adults, Ramsay was shown to be more patient and sensitive to the children featured on the show.[124] - Ramsay has previously expressed a dislike for vegetarianism and veganism. In the first episode of the second series of Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares (2005), he offered pizza to a vegetarian and said it was vegetarian. After he took a bite, Ramsay said that it contained ham, laughing and asked if he wanted more. In 2003, when asked for his most recent lie, he said ""To a table of vegetarians who had artichoke soup. I told them it was made with vegetable stock when it was chicken stock.""[125][126] In a 2007 interview, he joked: ""My biggest nightmare would be if the kids ever came up to me and said 'Dad, I'm a vegetarian.' Then I would sit them on the fence and electrocute them.""[127] In 2016, when asked on Twitter whether he was allergic to anything, he wrote ""Vegans"" and followed up with: ""It's a joke jack it's not vegans! It's vegetarians"".[128] - In 2006, on the second series of The F Word, Ramsay showed a softened stance on vegetarianism after learning about intensive pig farming practices, including castration and tail docking, while letting two young family piglets live in an intensive farm. On the programme, Ramsay commented: ""It's enough to make anyone turn fucking vegetarian, for God's sake. And I've always sort of knocked vegetarians and vegans for missing out on the most amazing flavour you can get from meat. But you can see why so many people change instantly"".[129] In 2019, he launched a vegan menu at his restaurants for Veganuary,[130] and introduced more vegan items to his restaurants, such as a vegan roast.[131] - In 2022, on an episode of Master Chef: Back to Win, Ramsay said, ""After all these years, I can finally admit, that I actually love vegan food.""[132] - He was a head judge of MasterChef USA when Nick DeGiovanni came third place in season 10. On 11 May 2023, DiGiovanni, alongside Gordon Ramsay, broke the Guinness World Record for the largest beef wellington, which weighed 25.76 kilograms (56.79 pounds). This was DiGiovanni's 8th Guinness World Record and was broken in partnership with celebrity chefs: Max the Meat Guy, Guga Foods and The Golden Balance.[133] - Ramsay said in 2016 that he exercises semi-competitively for his general well-being. He said he has seen overweight and unfit chefs collapse or become unable to move quickly around the kitchen. He often competes in Ironman events, marathons, and triathlons. He also eats very little per meal and prefers to graze throughout the day, partly due to the habit he built up as a judge and chef and also because of his busy schedule.[134][135] He has a black belt in karate.[136] - Ramsay told Joe Wicks that cycling has improved his physical and mental health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.[137] - Ramsay married Tana Hutcheson, a Montessori-trained schoolteacher, in 1996.[138] They divide their time between Los Angeles and the Wandsworth Common area of London,[139] and have five children, including Tilly.[140] - Until 2010, Ramsay's father-in-law, Chris Hutcheson, was responsible for the business operations of Ramsay's restaurant empire. On 7 June 2017, Hutcheson was jailed for six months for conspiring to hack a computer system relating to the Ramsays' business interests.[141] Hutcheson was accused with his sons of accessing company systems almost 2,000 times between 23 October 2010 and 31 March 2011.[142] - Ramsay has three houses in Cornwall that are collectively worth an estimated £11 million: a £4 million mansion in Trebetherick, a £4.4 million property in Rock, and a £2 million Grade II listed property in Fowey.[143] In August 2020, the Fowey property was put on sale for £2.75 million.[144] - Ramsay is a car enthusiast with a love for Ferrari. He maintains a sizeable car collection in the UK which includes the following:[145] - Ramsay displayed his collection in a video[147] posted to his YouTube channel filmed at Brands Hatch. - Ramsay has been involved in a series of charitable events and organisations. He fulfilled his aim of finishing 10 marathons in 10 years by running his 10th consecutive London Marathon on 26 April 2009, sponsoring the Scottish Spina Bifida Association.[148] - Ramsay has been Honorary Patron of the Scottish Spina Bifida Association since 2004, and in 2005 he launched The Gordon Ramsay ""Buy a Brick"" appeal to help the organisation raise funds to build a new Family Support Centre and Head Office in Glasgow. In 2006, he launched a new appeal to help the charity raise the funds required to continue to run the support centre: ""What's your favourite 'F' Word? Gordon's is Fundraising."" In November 2007, Ramsay hosted a St Andrew's Day Gala Dinner at Stirling Castle in aid of the Association and has now made this fundraising Gala Dinner an annual event.[149] - During March 2005, Ramsay teamed up with Indian chef Madhur Jaffrey to help the VSO, an international development charity group, to support its Spice Up Your Life event. The charity hoped to raise £100,000 for VSO's work in HIV and AIDS in India.[150] The Ramsays were the first couple to become ambassadors for the women's charity Women's Aid in 2005. The couple ran the Flora Families marathon[151] to support Women's Aid.[152] - In 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014, Ramsay took part in the biennial charity event Soccer Aid to raise money for UNICEF. On 6 June 2010 he played for the Rest of the World team alongside former professional footballers Zinedine Zidane and Luís Figo as well as Hollywood actors Woody Harrelson, Mike Myers and Michael Sheen.[153] The match took place at Old Trafford in Manchester and was won by the Rest of the World for the first time, the winning penalty scored by Harrelson in the shoot-out.[153] - On 28 August 2020, the media reported that Ramsay and his wife Tana had become ambassadors for Cornwall Air Ambulance.[154] - In 2008, Ramsay was in Iceland's Westman Islands filming a puffin hunting segment when he lost his footing and fell during a descent off an 85-metre (279 ft) cliff, landing in the icy water below. He was able to swim back up to the surface of the water by removing his heavy boots and waterproof clothing. His film crew, who rescued him by throwing him a rope, reported that he was submerged for at least 45 seconds. He later recalled, ""I thought I was a goner. I was panicking and my lungs were filling with water. When I got to the top after getting my boots off, I was dazed and my head was totally massive.""[155] - On 17 April 2009, it was revealed that one of Ramsay's restaurants, Foxtrot Oscar in London's Chelsea area, used pre-prepared food that was heated up and sold with mark-ups of up to 586%. It was also revealed that three of his gastropubs in London did the same thing. A spokeswoman for Ramsay said, ""Gordon Ramsay chefs prepare components of dishes devised and produced to the highest Gordon Ramsay standards. These are supplied to those kitchens with limited cooking space such as Foxtrot Oscar and Gordon Ramsay's highly acclaimed pubs, including the Narrow. These are sealed and transported daily in refrigerated vans and all menu dishes are then cooked in the individual kitchens. This is only for the supply of Foxtrot Oscar and the three pubs and allows each establishment to control the consistency and the quality of the food served.""[156][157] Reflecting on the controversy in 2010, Ramsay was unapologetic: ""When I was working at the Gavroche all those years ago, the duck terrine wasn't made there. It was made outside, then brought to the restaurant wrapped in plastic. This is standard practice. What on earth was the fuss about?""[158] - On 23 March 2022 in an interview for BBC Radio 2, Ramsay remarked, ""...Trust me I absolutely love Cornwall, it's just the Cornish I can't stand."" - This received a response from the leader of the political party Mebyon Kernow, Clir D. Cole saying; - I am really disappointed to hear Gordon Ramsay’s divisive comments and his lack of respect for the Cornish people. It is shocking that he deems it OK to make such a public statement that he would presumably not make about other national or ethnic groups. It does need to be pointed out that the Cornish are protected as a ‘national minority’ just like the Welsh and Scots through the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. I sincerely hope he will reflect on his words and apologise. Many people living to the west of the Tamar do not enjoy as good a life as Mr Ramsay, and I would welcome the media doing some features on poverty, the housing crisis and other socio-economic problems suffered by ordinary people in Cornwall, as well as the need for greater support for Cornish identity and culture. Ramsay's spokesman said: ""Gordon has made these tongue-in-cheek comments many, many times.""[159][160] - Ramsay played football and was first chosen to play under-14 football at age 12. He was chosen to play for Warwickshire. His footballing career was marked by injuries, causing him to remark later in life, ""Perhaps I was doomed when it came to football.""[12] In mid-1984, Ramsay had a trial with Rangers, the club he supported as a boy. He seriously injured his knee, smashing the cartilage during training.[161] - Ramsay has claimed to have played two first-team games for Rangers.[162] According to his autobiography Ramsay played ""a couple of non-league matches as a trialist"" for Rangers[163] and was signed by the club at the age of 15.[164] - Allan Cairns, a photographer who took a picture of Ramsay playing for Rangers in September 1985, said the photo was not one of the Rangers first team but a side picked to play a testimonial match. A Rangers spokesman said: ""Ramsay was a trialist in that testimonial game. He trained with us for a few months after that but then got injured.""[165] - In series 4, episode 12 of The F Word (originally aired on 29 July 2008), Ramsay visited Ibrox, the home ground of his favourite childhood team, Rangers, and exclaimed, ""Home sweet home!"" He explained, ""My dream came true when I was spotted in the mid-80s and I joined the youth team here in Ibrox."" He related that one of his fondest memories is playing alongside former Rangers and Scotland striker, Ally McCoist, who said about Ramsay, ""I remember him well and the one thing that never ever will change is that he's a competitive so-and-so and wants to do and be the best that he can."" Ramsay recalled that ""the pain of being released on the back of an injury"" was only assuaged many years later ""after receiving [his] third Michelin Star"", and concluded, ""Without the upset at Ibrox, I would not be the chef I am today.""[166] - Ramsay is a football fan and supports Rangers[167] and Chelsea.[168] As a baseball fan, he follows the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels. However, he feels that the game of baseball is often too long, joking that this leads to fans spending most of the time eating or sleeping which could lead to them being unhealthy.[169] - Since 1996, Ramsay has written 26 books. Ramsay also contributes a food-and-drink column to The Times' Saturday magazine. -",2023-08-26 18:32:45 -Stanchfield Lake - Wikipedia,"Stanchfield Lake is a lake in Morrison County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.[1] - Stanchfield Lake bears the name of a local lumberman.[2] - - This article about a location in Morrison County, Minnesota is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:49 -Daniel Bilos - Wikipedia," - Daniel Rubén Biloš (born 3 September 1980) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played for clubs in Argentina, France and Mexico. He made three appearances scoring one goal for the Argentina national team. - Born in Pergamino, Buenos Aires Province, Bilos started his career at lower league team Sportivo Pergamino in 1999, but was soon picked up by Banfield. He played for them for four years, including the 2005 Copa Libertadores before making the move to Argentine club Boca Juniors in July 2005. - At Boca he won several titles including Apertura 2005, Clausura 2006 and 2005 Copa Sudamericana. - In the summer of 2006 Bilos was signed by French team AS Saint-Étienne for on a three-year contract for a fee of £1 million but after six months on Ligue 1,[1] He was lent to Mexican club Club América on 15 January 2007, for one year, with the option to buy, although very poor play caused him to be eventually sent back. Bilos was traded to San Lorenzo, of Argentina, for the 2007 Apertura Championship. As of late November 2007, Bilos was injured and not scheduled to play competitive football until 2008.[2] After nine years, the midfielder has returned on 4 August 2009 to Banfield, he played for San Lorenzo de Almagro last season.[3] He was a non-playing member of the squad that won the Argentine championship for the first time in the history of the club, clinching the Apertura 2009 championship on the final day of the season. - After failing to recover from the knee injury that kept him out of the Banfield team, he decided to retire from professional football in December 2009 aged 29.[4] However, he returned to football activity in 2011, playing for Douglas Haig.[5] - Since he is of Croatian descent, Bilos (originally Biloš) was offered in 2006 the chance to play for Croatia in the World Cup Germany 06, but he declined the offer because he felt he still had a chance to play for the country of his birth.[6] - After Argentina's quarter final defeat and the resignation of José Pekerman, Alfio Basile took over as manager of Argentina. This gave Bilos a great chance to get into the Argentina squad, with Basile being his former manager at Boca Juniors. - Bilos was given his debut in Argentina's friendly with Brazil at the Emirates Stadium in London, England. Despite Argentina's relatively poor performance and their 3–0 defeat, Basile has kept faith with Bilos and continued to pick him for subsequent Argentina squads. On 10 October 2006 he scored Argentina's only goal in their 2–1 defeat against Spain in a friendly match. - Biloš is of Croatian descent.[citation needed] - Boca Juniors - Douglas Haig -",2023-08-26 18:32:52 -Order of Leopold (Austria) - Wikipedia,"The Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold (German: Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden) (Hungarian: Osztrák Császári Lipót-rend) was founded by Franz I of Austria on 8 January 1808. The order's statutes stipulated only three grades: Grand Cross, Commander and Knight. During the war, in common with the other Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian decorations, war decoration (represented by a laurel wreath) and/or swords were added to reward meritorious service and bravery in the face of the enemy. - An Imperial Decree of 1 February 1901 ordered that in future, the senior grade would be split into two separate awards. From then onwards, there were four ranks: Grand Cross, First Class, Commander, Knight. - Until 18 July 1884, the award of the order also entitled the recipient, if he was not already of that standing, to be raised to the following appointments and/or ranks of the nobility: - Both the Grand Cross and the First Class members of the Order wore (on formal occasions) their insignia in the form of a sash with the badge attached to the bow and respectively an eight-pointed and a four-pointed breast star. The Grand Cross was somewhat larger than the First Class, as was the width of the sash. A Commander's badge was worn at the neck, suspended from a 52 mm wide ribbon; a Knight wore his badge on a triangular ribbon on the left breast. - The badge consists of a red-enameled gold cross, with white enamel edging. The obverse of the badge displays the initials FIA in gold on a red enamel background. The mottoes of the Order were INTEGRITATI ET MERITO and OPES REGUM CORDA SUBDITORUM. The ribbon of the Order is red with two narrow white side-stripes. The badge's cross is surmounted by a golden imperial crown. - The Grand Cross could also be awarded with diamonds; from 1808 to 1918, only four people received this honour. The last recipient, Ernst Graf von Silva-Tarouca, was awarded the decoration on 11 November 1918, hours before Charles I of Austria withdrew from public affairs. After 1918, the Order was no longer awarded. - - This Austrian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:32:57 -Jack Burditt - Wikipedia,"Jack Burditt is an American producer and screenwriter who has worked on television shows like Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Frasier, 30 Rock, Last Man Standing, Modern Family, and The Mindy Project. He won two Emmy awards for his work on Frasier and three as an Executive Producer on 30 Rock.[1] - Burditt is the son of the late writer and producer George Burditt and Joyce Burditt.[2] He has one brother, Paul, and one sister, Ellen.[3][4] - He worked as a writer on 30 Rock[1] and was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Series at the February 2009 ceremony for his work on the third season.[5] - Burditt created the comedy Last Man Standing, which premiered in fall 2011 on ABC. The show was moved to Fox in its seventh season. -",2023-08-26 18:33:01 -1994 Italian Superturismo Championship - Wikipedia,"The 1994 Italian Superturismo Championship was the eighth edition of the Italian Superturismo Championship. The season began in Monza on 10 April and finished in Mugello on 2 October, after ten rounds. Emanuele Pirro won the championship (6 victories, 7 second places and scoring points in each round), driving an Audi 80 Quattro; the German manufacturer won the constructors' championship with 9 victories (6 Emanuele Pirro, 2 Frank Biela, 1 Rinaldo Capello) on 20 races. The strongest title contender was Antonio Tamburini, who drove an Alfa Romeo 155 TS and also got 6 victories. Third was Fabrizio Giovanardi, who was able to finish on podium 7 times and to score points in almost all races without a single victory. The three time Italian Champion Roberto Ravaglia had lot of bad luck and finished fourth after a single victory in the season. The privateers' trophy was won by Moreno Soli in his own the Alfa Romeo 155 TS. - - Bold – Pole -Italics – Fastest Lap - Note: second race in the second Mugello round was stopped early and half points were awarded. -",2023-08-26 18:33:04 -Pearl Jam Twenty Tour - Wikipedia," - The Pearl Jam Twenty Tour (also known as the PJ20 Tour) was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam to celebrate the band's 20th anniversary.[1] The tour consisted of a two-day festival at the Alpine Valley Music Theatre in East Troy, Wisconsin on the Labor Day weekend,[2] and was followed by ten shows in Canada,[3] ending with a show at the Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver.[4] The festival dates had support from Queens of the Stone Age, Mudhoney, Liam Finn, John Doe[5] and The Strokes.[6] Due to high ticket demand for pre-sale tickets, the website had to be taken offline.[7] - On July 11, the band announced an additional nine dates in Latin America, scheduled for November.[8] This was the second time that the band had toured Latin America, after their 2005 tour and included a show in San José, Costa Rica.[9] On August 19, a second date was added in São Paulo.[10] American punk band X were announced as the opening band for the Latin American shows.[11][12][13] - The opening show at Alpine Valley featured songs by Mother Love Bone and Temple of the Dog with Chris Cornell on vocals.[14] This was then repeated for the second show.[15] During the first show at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, the band were joined onstage by Neil Young during their performance of ""Rockin' in the Free World"".[16][17] The show was later released exclusively as a free digital download through Google Music on November 10 in celebration of the upcoming, official launch of that site on November 16.[18] - Pearl Jam at the Air Canada Centre, Toronto, Canada on September 11, 2011 - Pearl Jam with Neil Young (centre) at the Air Canada Centre, Toronto, Canada on September 11, 2011 - Pearl Jam at the Copps Coliseum, Hamilton, Canada on September 15, 2011 - Pearl Jam at the Copps Coliseum, Hamilton, Canada on September 15, 2011 -",2023-08-26 18:33:08 -Wang Qinruo - Wikipedia,"Wang Qinruo (c. 962 – 22 December 1025), courtesy name Dingguo, was an official in China's Northern Song Dynasty. He was the chancellor from 1017 to 1019 during Emperor Zhenzong's reign and from 1023 to 1025 during Emperor Renzong's reign. - Wang Qinruo led the compilation of Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau, an important encyclopedia. - Wang Qinruo had a few very unpopular proposals, including moving the capital to southern China. Moreover, he appeared to have a personal vendetta against the upright official Kou Zhun and tried hard to have the latter demoted. History of Song recorded that Emperor Renzong believed Wang Qinruo treacherous, and that during his time Wang Qinruo was nicknamed by the population as one of the ""Five Devils"", along with Ding Wei, Lin Te (林特), Chen Pengnian (陳彭年) and Liu Chenggui (劉承珪). - In the popular legends of Generals of the Yang Family, the antagonist Wang Qin (王欽) is based on Wang Qinruo. In some versions Wang Qin is even a spy from the Liao Dynasty. -",2023-08-26 18:33:12 -Molavi Metro Station - Wikipedia,"Molavi Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 7. It is located at the intersection of Molavi Street and Mostafa Khomeini, also known as Molavi Intersection. The station is at the southeastern edge of Tehran Bazaar, and near Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital. - - This Iranian railroad station-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:33:16 -Red Heat (video game) - Wikipedia,"Red Heat is a beat 'em up video game based on the 1988 film of the same name. It was developed by British studio Special FX[1] and published by Ocean Software.[2] It was released in Europe in 1989, for Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64 (C64), and ZX Spectrum.[3][4][5][6] - In 1991, Red Heat received a budget re-release for Amiga, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum published through Ocean's budget label, The Hit Squad.[7][8][9] - Red Heat is a beat 'em up game based on the film of the same name. The player controls Russian Moscow Militia captain Ivan Danko, who must stop drug kingpin Viktor Rostavili. The game takes place across four levels, starting with a Russian sauna where Danko must engage in hand combat against enemies. The player has a gun and limited ammunition for the next three levels, which take place in a hospital, a hotel, and a goods yard. In the final level, the player faces off against Rostavili. The gameplay occupies only the middle portion of the screen for a cinematic widescreen effect.[10][3][11][12][13][14] - Various subgames are also played throughout the main game, each with their own objective. One subgame has the player trying to break apart a hot rock using only Danko's hand. In a different subgame, the player must put a torn dollar bill back together. Another subgame has the player shoot enemies who pop out of closed doors.[10][3][11][12][13][14] - Red Heat received praise for its graphics.[10][4][11][12][13][14][18][6] The Games Machine noted the black-and-white color scheme of the ZX Spectrum version, but wrote ""there's plenty of attention to graphic detail"".[3] Sinclair User also praised the graphics despite being monochrome.[2] Richard Eddy of Crash cited the ""serious lack of colour"" as the game's only letdown.[11] - Mark Patterson of CU Amiga-64 stated that Red Heat ""isn't the best game ever to come out of Ocean, but it's by no means the worst,"" calling it an enjoyable game that was ""marred slightly by a lack of variety on the main levels.""[10] Gary Barrett of ST Format considered the film good but stated that it did not translate into a good game.[12] Reviewers for Zzap!64 found the gameplay to be repetitive.[14] - The Games Machine criticized the difficulty and stated that the game would only appeal to fans of beat 'em up games.[3] Some criticized the limited fighting moves,[3][18] and Ken Simpson of Australian Commodore and Amiga Review criticized the joystick control.[18] Your Sinclair praised the subgames for adding variety, but criticized the limited size of the screen.[13] Some critics praised the music.[14][18] However, Patterson opined that the music and sound effects were good but ""certainly not outstanding.""[10] Barrett stated that the sound effects were good, and described the music as ""tolerable"".[12] - Several critics reviewed the game's re-release. Paul Rand of Computer and Video Games stated that the game ""didn't exactly set the world on fire"" during its initial release, but as a budget game ""it's a bit of an eye-opener, with big, fast sprites and a reasonable level of difficulty.""[8] Rand called it ""an above average interpretation of a great movie,"" and wrote about the cinematic display, ""Not only does this add atmosphere to Red Heat, it also allows for some pretty huge graphics to shift about at a fair old pace.""[7] Commodore Format praised the graphics, but found the gameplay tedious and annoying.[16] Fiona Keating of CU Amiga mentioned that the game ""has a fairly high"" difficulty level. Keating stated that the graphics ""have an effective cinematic feel"" and concluded that Red Heat ""will appeal to those looking for a beat 'em up with a mean right hook, but not much else.""[9] Stuart Campbell, writing for New Computer Express and Amiga Power, criticized various aspects of the game and stated that it had no redeeming features.[15][19] -",2023-08-26 18:33:20 -Quinpool District - Wikipedia,"The Quinpool District refers to a commercial district of Halifax, Nova Scotia, encompassing the eastern portion of Quinpool Road as well as the streets directly north and south of it. Prominent landmarks on Quinpool Road include the Atlantica Hotel, the Oxford Theatre, and an eclectic variety of local businesses, including many popular Chinese and Greek restaurants. - Quinpool Road runs from the Armdale Rotary through Connaught Avenue, terminating at what is known as the Willow Tree, on Robie Street - an unusual five-way intersection named for the prominent tree that once grew in the median. The street is commercialised from Connaught Ave to the Willow Tree and comprises a popular shopping and dining centre for the local community. It is also part of the Nova Scotia provincial road system, meaning that the Province of Nova Scotia pays the Halifax Regional Municipality in part for snow clearing and maintenance. - While the street is an important commercial district in Halifax, it also forms a major boundary between the city's working class North End and wealthier South End, both physically and socially. Quinpool is also the heart of the city's middle class West End neighbourhood. The area was also home to two longtime rival high schools, Queen Elizabeth High School and St. Patrick's High School until their merger as Citadel High School in September 2007. St. Patrick's High School was since renamed the Quinpool Education Centre, and hosted a number of educational programs and social services. The city declared the school building surplus and it was demolished.[1] - The name Quinpool dates from at least 1808 and is believed to come from an Irish widow named Quinn who lived by a stretch of water in the Northwest Arm known as 'Quinn's Pool'.[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas44°38′45.32″N 63°35′41.61″W / 44.6459222°N 63.5948917°W / 44.6459222; -63.5948917 -",2023-08-26 18:33:25 -Agama etoshae - Wikipedia," - Agama etoshae, known as the Etosha agama,[3] is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae.[4] It is a small lizard endemic to northern Namibia and sometimes found in southern Angola.[5][6] The species is believed to use sandy substrate for the construction of burrows.[6] - This lizard from family Agamidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:33:29 -Elachista caliginosa - Wikipedia," - Elachista caliginosa is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Parenti in 1983.[1][failed verification] It is found in Japan (Honshu) and the Russian Far East (Primorsky Kray). - The length of the forewings is 2.5–3 mm for males and 2.7-3.2 mm for females. The forewings are dark blue-brownish with silver-whitish Hats. There are probably multiple generations per year.[2] - The larvae feed on Eccoilopus cotulifer and possibly Spodiopogon sibiricus. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a full-depth and linear gallery, extending almost straight towards the leaf-apex. Pupation takes place outside of the mine. The species probably overwinters in the pupal stage.[3] - - This article on a moth of the genus Elachista is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:33:32 -Covão Grande - Wikipedia,"Covão Grande is a settlement in the central part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality São Salvador do Mundo. In 2010 its population was 478. It is situated 2 km northwest of Picos and 2.5 km east of Assomada. - This Cape Verdean location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:33:36 -List of Tunisia women's international footballers - Wikipedia," - -This is a non-exhaustive list of Tunisia women's international footballers – association football players who have appeared at least once for the senior Tunisia women's national football team. -",2023-08-26 18:33:40 -Eastern osprey - Wikipedia," - Pandion cristatus - The eastern osprey (Pandion haliaetus cristatus) is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey. They live in Oceania at coastal regions of the Australian continent, the Indonesian islands, New Guinea, and the Philippines. It is usually sedentary and pairs breed at the same nest site, building up a substantial structure on dead trees or limbs. -The subspecies resides in a habitat close to coasts and estuaries that provide opportunities for fishing. In 2022, it was considered a defunct species by the IOC, due to its low genetic divergences and absence in morphological differences.[1] -The eastern osprey's diet consists mostly of vertebrate fish species. It possesses specialised physical characteristics and exhibits unique behaviour to assist in hunting and catching prey. - A description as species Buteo cristatus was published in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Vieillot,[2] which came to be cited as a subspecies or race of a widely distributed species.[3] The epithet cristatus is derived from the Latin for 'crested' in reference to the stiff tuft of feathers that extend from the nape.[4] The subspecific treatment Pandion haliaetus cristatus distinguishes the crest from other subspecies of P. haliaetus, the name taken from ancient Greek haliaietos for 'sea eagle'.[4] - Later authors described the regional population as separate species—Pandion leucocephalus Gould, J. 1838 and Pandion gouldi Kaup, J.J. 1847—or as subspecies—Pandion haliaetus australis Burmeister, K.H.K. 1850 and Pandion haliaetus melvillensis Mathews, G.M. 1912.[5] -Gould's description identified several characteristics that distinguished his new species from widespread Pandion haliaetus, based on specimens collected in Tasmania, Rottnest Island in the west, and Port Essington; the accompanying lithograph illustrating the species—published in the Synopsis (1838)[6] to Birds of Australia—was executed by Elizabeth Gould.[4] -Some authorities maintain a treatment of the 'eastern osprey' population as one of four subspecies of Pandion haliaetus, the only extant species of the genus and family. When specimens and observations of new populations were published in the nineteenth century, many authors described these as new species, revisions around the beginning of the twenty first century began to suggest that status as a full species was warranted.[7] - The Australian Faunal Directory recognises a full species treatment,[5] citing a 2008 revision that noted genetic distance comparable to closely related species of Hieraeetus and Aquila (Wink, et al., 2004)[7] and minor but consistent distinctions in morphology and plumage colour.[8] Behavioural differences between the three contentious populations include this species residence at marine habitat, whereas the North American population is found breeding and colonising sites near freshwater.[9] - Pandion, described by the French zoologist Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809,[10] is the sole genus of the family Pandionidae; it is named for a mythic Greek figure known as Pandion. Some arrangements place it alongside the hawks and eagles in the family Accipitridae—which itself can be regarded as making up the bulk of the order Accipitriformes—or else allied with the Falconidae into Falconiformes. The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy has placed it together with the other diurnal raptors in a greatly enlarged Ciconiiformes, but this results in an unnatural paraphyletic classification.[11] - They are known by the common name osprey, or distinguished as the eastern osprey,[5] other names include fish hawk and white-headed osprey.[3][5] Gould noted the informal vernacular used after settlement of Australia, the 'Little Fish-Hawk' in New South Wales and 'Fish-Hawk' recorded at the Swan River Colony by John Gilbert; the extant names for the species were Joor-jout at Port Essington and another in southwest Australia, transliterated from the Nyungar language;[12] this latter name has proposed for common use in southwest Australia as yoondoordo [pronounced yoon’door’daw].[13] - Pandion cristatus, comparable in size as a medium-sized raptor or large hawk, occurs near the coast and large water bodies and is highly adapted to hunt and capture marine animals.[14][15] The plumage is dark brown on the upper surfaces, and pale at the head and lower parts. The throat is white, a black line extends from this through the eye to a dark patch around the ear, demarcating this from the pale colour at the head. When not in flight, the feathers at the crown form a small crest. The breast is dappled with brownish patches, lacing below the neck, this is darker and more strongly banded in the female. The female of the species also tends to be larger.[14] The wing measurements of the females range from 410 to 478 millimetres, males are 391 to 470 mm. The weight of the female is 1.2 to 1.6 kilograms, males are 0.9 to 1.2 kg. The size range of the black bill is 29 to 35 millimetres,[15] and the upper mandible is acutely hooked. The legs and feet of the species are strong and a light grey or white colour.[14][16] The pattern of the scales at the tarsus is reticulate.[9] The irides are yellow. The juveniles resemble adults, although the iris colour is a darker orange-yellow and plumage is distinguishable in multiple and subtle ways.[16] - In flight, the eastern osprey has bowed wings with narrow primary feathers that are angled and separate, giving a fingered appearance to the observer below. The eyes are set toward the front of the head, which along with the neck is proportionally small. The species swivels and cranes its neck while observing its surroundings in a curious and characteristic manner. The osprey resembles the white-bellied sea eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster, which has similar habitat and range, although the adult size is only that of the larger species' juvenile; the wings of an osprey are sharply angled rather than the up-swept outline of the soaring eagle.[14] - Ospreys differ in several respects from other diurnal birds of prey, toes are of equal length, its tarsi are reticulate, and its talons are rounded, rather than grooved. The eastern and western osprey (Pandion) and owls (Strigiformes) are the only hunters whose outer toe is reversible, allowing them to grasp their prey with two toes in front and two behind. This is particularly helpful when they grasp slippery fish.[17] - The states and territories of Australia where the species is recorded as occurring are Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales,[18] South Australia and Tasmania,[5] The range is a narrow strip at the coast and offshore islands, although it is occasionally found at open river systems and beyond tidal plains.[3] Visits to inland regions from the north during the wet season may occur in years of heavier rainfall.[9] -On this continent it is mainly sedentary, non-migratory, in contrast to the other subspecific populations of Pandion haliaetus. They occur patchily around the coastline, although it is a non-breeding visitor to eastern Victoria and Tasmania.[19] There is a 1,000 km (620 mi) gap, corresponding with the coast of the Nullarbor Plain, between its westernmost breeding site in South Australia and the nearest breeding sites at the southwest of Australia.[20] -The species had been reported as uncommon in the southeast of Australia.[21] - Other regions inhabited by the species at the Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea.[14] Seasonal visitors to Sulawesi arrive from the south, and these are presumed to have migrated from the north of Australia.[16] - The tree selected as a roost or nest site in Australia is a large eucalypt. They may be seen in flight over a variety of habitats occurring between their residence and hunting waters.[16] - The species is solitary or paired with a breeding partner, the association of several individuals in family groups are unusual records. They are a diurnal species, ranging out from a nest or perch over water bodies during daylight, but have been recorded hunting at night.[16] Their flight may be high, soaring over and surveying the water, or quartering closer to the surface; some flight is seemingly unrelated to hunting. - The diet is largely local species of fish, although a favoured target in Australia is known to be mullet when available.[16] Occasional records are given for other marine life—sea snakes, molluscs and crustaceans—and for terrestrial species of reptiles, insects, birds and mammals.[16][22] They are known to capture sea birds in flight.[16][9] - Ospreys have vision that is well adapted to detecting underwater objects from the air. Prey is first sighted when the eastern osprey is 10 to 40 metres above the water, after which the bird hovers momentarily then plunges feet first with wings raised; a large splash is made as it enters the water.[23][9] The descent toward their prey may be done in stages, and they may immerse themselves up to a depth of 1 metre. After seizing their target they use heavy wing beats to rise from the water's surface, resuming a regular action with the fish being carried head first toward the shore.[16] The prey is ""slung torpedo-fashion"" with a leading foot behind the head and the other clasping behind, this aligning habit distinguishes Pandion from indifferent clutching of prey by fishing eagles.[9] Their large prey is not swallowed immediately, instead being butchered at a perch or nest site outside the breeding season.[14] - The genus Pandion has several adaptations that suit its piscivorous lifestyle, these include reversible outer toes, sharp spicules on the underside of the toes,[24] closable nostrils to keep out water during dives, and backwards-facing scales on the talons which act as barbs to help hold its catch. -The osprey has dense plumage which is oily and prevents its feathers from getting waterlogged.[25] - Rocky outcrops just offshore are used in Rottnest Island off the coast of Western Australia, where there are 14 or so similar nesting sites of which five to seven are used in any one year. Many are renovated each season, and some have been used for 70 years. The nest is a large heap of sticks, driftwood, turf or seaweed that is usually built in the fork of a dead tree or limb, cliff faces are also utilised.[14] trees, rocky outcrops, utility poles, artificial platforms or offshore islets.[26][27] Continually occupied nest structures may reach up to two metres in height.[14] Nests can be as wide as 2 meters[14] and weighing about 135 kg.[citation needed] - Generally, eastern ospreys reach sexual maturity and begin breeding around the age of three to four years. - Eastern ospreys usually mate for life, although polyandry has been recorded in several instances.[28] The breeding period varies according to local seasons: this begins between September and October in southern Australia, April to July in northern Australia and June–August in southern Queensland.[27] In spring the pair begins a five-month period of partnership to raise their young. The clutch size is usually two to three eggs, sometimes up to four, and are able to brood twice in a season.[16] These are laid within a month, and relies on the size of the nest to conserve heat. The egg shell is white or buff with bold splotches and spots of reddish-brown, sometimes so dark as to be black; purple or grey blotches may appear beneath the surface of the shell.[12][16] The egg measurements are about 62 x 45 millimetres and weigh about 65 grams.[27] The eggs are incubated for about 35–43 days to hatching.[29] - The newly hatched chicks weigh 50 to 60 grams and fledge in 8 to 10 weeks. A study on Kangaroo Island had an average time between hatching and fledging of 69 days. The same study found an average of 0.66 young fledged per year per occupied territory, and 0.92 young fledged per year per active nest. Some 22% of surviving young either remained on the island or returned at maturity to join the breeding population.[28] When food is scarce, the first chicks to hatch are most likely to survive. The typical lifespan is 7–10 years, though rarely individuals can grow to as old as 20–25 years. - A nest examined in 1902 found fish skeletons at the edge and a seaside plant 'pig-face' (Mesembryanthemum) in full growth.[30] - There is evidence for regional decline in South Australia where former territories at locations in the Spencer Gulf and along the lower Murray River have been vacant for decades.[20] -Nesting sites on the Eyre Peninsula and Kangaroo Island are vulnerable to unmanaged coastal recreation and encroaching urban development.[20] - In New South Wales, the osprey is a protected species. For this reason, conservationists cannot move a nest of ospreys from the bottom left light tower of Central Coast Stadium. - The conservation status in Western Australia is as 'not threatened', relatively common in the North and less frequently recorded in the south. A 1902 report by Alexander Milligan of a breeding pair in the southwest region was published in The Emu, and a description of a nest with two eggs located at Cape Mentelle which had been photographed eleven years earlier by A. J. Campbell. One egg was taken for deposit at the state's museum by Milligan and along with the museum's director, B. H. Woodward, charged the warden of the cave system with protection of the site.[30] - The species is rare in Victoria and now absent from Tasmania.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:33:43 -Initial public offering of Facebook - Wikipedia,"The technology company Facebook, Inc.[a] held its initial public offering (IPO) on Friday, May 18, 2012.[1] The IPO was one of the biggest in technology and Internet history, with a peak market capitalization of over $104 billion. - For years, Facebook and Zuckerberg resisted both buyouts and taking the company public. The main reason that the company decided to go public is because it crossed the threshold of 500 shareholders, according to Reuters financial blogger Felix Salmon.[2] - Facebook reportedly turned down a $75 million offer from Viacom in 2006.[3] That same year, Yahoo! attempted to buy the company for $1 billion but Zuckerberg refused.[4] Also that year, BusinessWeek reported a $2 billion valuation for the company.[5] - Facebook did accept investments from companies, and these investments suggested fluctuating valuations for the firm. In 2007 Microsoft beat out Google to purchase a 1.6% stake for $240 million, giving Facebook a notional value of $15 billion at the time.[4] Microsoft purchased preferred stock, which meant that the company's actual valuation would be considerably lower than $15 billion.[6] Meanwhile, that valuation dropped to $10 billion in 2009, when Digital Sky Technologies bought a nearly 2% stake for $200 million[7] - a larger stake than Microsoft had purchased at a lower price. An investment report in 2011 valued the company at $50 billion.[8] - Zuckerberg wanted to wait to conduct an initial public offering, saying in 2010 that ""we are definitely in no rush.""[9] But since by 2012 Facebook had more than 500 round lot (over 100 shares) stockholders, Facebook was subject to the SEC disclosure rules starting the next year, 2013. Zuckerberg had little choice as to whether an IPO had to be done at once. - Facebook filed for an initial public offering on February 1, 2012 by filing their S1 document with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).[10] The preliminary prospectus announced that the company had 845 million active monthly users and that its website featured 2.7 billion daily likes and comments.[11] The filing noted that the company's increases in membership, as well as its incomes, were slowing and that the deceleration was likely to continue.[12] - To ensure that early investors would retain control of the company, Facebook in 2009 instituted a dual-class stock structure.[9] After the IPO, Zuckerberg was to retain a 22% ownership share in Facebook and was to own 57% of the voting shares.[13] The document also stated that the company was seeking to raise US$5 billion, which would make it one of the largest IPOs in tech history and the biggest in Internet history.[14] - The roadshow faced a ""rough start"" initially.[15][16] Zuckerberg raised controversy for wearing a hoodie (rather than a customary business suit) to the first meeting with investors.[17] Wedbush Securities analyst Michael Pachter called it a ""mark of immaturity.""[17] A half-hour-long video played during that meeting also frustrated investors who wanted to discuss more technical details,[16] and was dropped for future meetings.[18] - Prior to the official valuation, the target price of the stock steadily increased. In early May, the company was aiming for a valuation somewhere from $28 to $35 per share[19][20] ($77 billion to $96 billion).[21] On May 14, it raised the targets from $34 to $38 per share.[22] Some investors even suggested a $40 valuation, although a dip in the stock market on the day before the IPO ended such speculation.[23] - Strong demand, especially from retail investors, suggested Facebook could choose a relatively high offering price.[23] Ultimately underwriters settled on a price of $38 per share, at the top of its target range.[23] This price valued the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly public company.[24] - On May 16, two days before the IPO, Facebook announced that it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.[25] This meant the stock would debut with 421 million shares.[23] - The Facebook IPO brought inevitable comparisons with other technology company offerings. Some investors expressed keen interest in Facebook because they felt they had missed out on the massive gains Google saw in the wake of its IPO.[23] LinkedIn stock, meanwhile, had doubled on its first day.[23] - At $26.81 per share, which Facebook closed at a week after its IPO, Facebook was valued like ""an ultra-growth company,"" according to Robert Leclerc of the Financial Post. Its PE ratio was 85, despite a decline in both earnings and revenue in the first quarter of 2012.[26] - A number of commentators argued retrospectively that Facebook had been heavily overvalued because of an illiquid private market on SecondMarket, where trades of stock were minimal and thus pricing unstable. Facebook's aggregate valuation went up from January 2011 to April 2012, before plummeting after the IPO in May - but this was in a largely illiquid market, with less than 120 trades each quarter during 2010 and 2011. ""Valuations in the private market are going to make it 'difficult to go public'"", according to Mary Meeker, an American venture capitalist and former Wall Street securities analyst.[27] - Prior to the IPO, several investors set price targets for the company. On May 14, before the offering price was announced, Sterne Agee analyst Arvind Bhatia pegged the company at $46 in an interview with The Street.[19] The interviewer cautioned Bhatia against what she perceived as Bhatia's low valuation, suggesting the stock could rise to ""60, 70, 80 dollars"" and could shoot up to $60 on the first day of trading.[19] On May 17, the day before the offering, analyst Jim Krapfel of Morningstar suggested that only a 50% or better increase on the first day would be seen positively; ""anything under that would be underwhelming.""[23] Lee Simmons of Dun & Bradstreet predicted more modest first-day gains, in the range of 10 to 20%.[23] No analysts Reuters interviewed projected a first-day decrease.[23] Others were less optimistic. Much of Wall Street expressed concerns over what it saw as a high valuation. Citing the price-to-earnings ratio of 108 for 2011, critics stated that the company would have to undergo ""almost ridiculous financial growth [for the valuation] to make sense.""[12] Other companies trade at far lower ratios, although there are notable exceptions. Writers at TechCrunch expressed similar skepticism, stating, ""That's a big multiple to live up to, and [Facebook] will likely need to add bold new revenue streams to justify the mammoth valuation"".[28] - Early investors themselves were said to express similar skepticism. Warning signs before the IPO indicated that several such investors were interested in selling their shares of the company.[21] Accel Partners planned to offload as many as 28% of their shares, while Goldman Sachs was ready to sell up to 50% of theirs.[21] Rolfe Winkler of the Wall Street Journal suggested that, given insider worries, the public should avoid snapping up the stock.[21] Facebook employees were less concerned, with Mark Zuckerberg planning to sell just 6%.[21] - Striking an optimistic tone, The New York Times predicted that the offering would overcome questions about Facebook's difficulties in attracting advertisers to transform the company into a ""must-own stock"". Jimmy Lee of JPMorgan Chase described it as ""the next great blue-chip"".[29] - Some analysts expressed concern over Facebook's revenue model; namely, its advertising practices.[12] Brian Wieser of Pivotal Research Group argued that, ""Although Facebook is very promising, it's an unproven ad model.""[12] To better monetize user involvement, the company could improve advertising.[12] Yet such efforts could undermine user privacy.[12] Also, some advertisers expressed concern over the value of the advertisements they purchased on Facebook.[12] General Motors announced it would pull its $10 million campaign from the social network just days before the IPO.[23] The automobile company asked for ""bigger, flashier"" advertisements but Facebook refused.[30] - In the immediate build-up to the offering, public interest swelled. Some said it is ""as much a cultural phenomenon as it is a business story.""[23] Meanwhile, Facebook itself celebrated the occasion with an all-night ""hackathon"" on the night before the IPO.[31] Zuckerberg rang a bell from Hacker Square on Facebook campus in Menlo Park, California, to announce the offering, as is customary for CEOs on the day their companies go public.[31] - Trading was to begin at 11:00am Eastern Time on Friday, May 18, 2012. However, trading was delayed until 11:30am Eastern Time due to technical problems with the NASDAQ exchange.[32][33] Those early jitters would foretell ongoing problems; the first day of trading was marred by numerous technical glitches that prevented orders from going through,[34] or even confused investors as to whether or not their orders were successful.[32] - Initial trading saw the stock shoot up to as much as $45.[32] Yet the early rally was unsustainable. The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.[35] Only the aforementioned technical glitches and underwriter support prevented the stock price from falling below the IPO price on the first day of trading.[36] - At closing bell, shares were valued at $38.23,[37] only $0.23 above the IPO price and down $3.82 from the opening bell value. The opening was widely described by the financial press as a disappointment.[38] - Despite technical problems and a relatively low closing value, the stock set a new record for trading volume of an IPO (460 million shares).[39] The IPO also ended up raising $16 billion, making it the third largest in U.S. history (just ahead of AT&T Wireless and behind only General Motors and Visa Inc.).[29][40] The stock price left the company with a higher market capitalization than all but a few U.S. corporations – surpassing heavyweights such as Amazon.com, McDonald's, Disney, and Kraft Foods – and made Zuckerberg's stock worth $19 billion.[29][40] - Facebook's share value fell during nine of the next thirteen trading days, posting gains during just four.[41] The next day of trading after the IPO (May 21), the stock closed below its offering price, at $34.03.[41] The stock saw another large loss the next day, closing at $31.00.[41] A 'circuit breaker' was used in an attempt to slow down the decline in the stock price.[42] The stock increased modestly in coming days, and Facebook closed its first full week of trading at $31.91.[41] The stock returned to losses for most of its second full week, and had lost over a quarter of its starting value by the end of May. This led the Wall Street Journal to call the IPO a ""fiasco.""[43] The stock closed its second full week of trading on June 1 at $27.72. By June 6 investors had lost $40 billion.[44] Facebook ended its third full week at $27.10, slightly lower than a week previous.[45] The stock stayed below the $38 mark for months and finally bottomed out in September 2012 below $18.[46] - The shares didn't get back to the initial $38 again until August the following year, a full 16 months later.[46] - Price targets for the new stock ranged considerably. On June 4, seven of fifteen analysts polled by FactSet Research suggested prices above the stock's price, effectively advising a ""buy.""[49] Four of fifteen suggested a ""hold,"" while another four of fifteen suggested ""sell.""[49] Sanford Bernstein was the lowest of the group, pegging the stock at $25.[49] - On December 11, 2013, Standard & Poor's announced that Facebook would join its S&P 500 index ""after the close of trading on December 20,"" Reuters reported.[50] - The IPO had immediate impacts on the stock market. Other technology companies took hits, while the exchanges as a whole saw dampened prices. Investment firms faced considerable losses due to technical glitches. Bloomberg estimated that retail investors may have lost approximately $630 million on Facebook stock since its debut.[51] UBS alone may have lost as much as $350 million.[52] The Nasdaq stock exchange offered $40 million to investment firms plagued by offering-day computer glitches.[32] While considerably higher than the usual $3 million limit on reimbursements, it was unlikely to make up for large investor losses.[32] Additionally, the rival New York Stock Exchange lampooned the move as a ""harmful precedent"" and an unnecessary subsidy in the wake of Nasdaq's missteps.[32] Nasdaq claimed to fix the problems that beset the offering, and hired IBM for a technical review.[32] - The IPO impacted both Facebook investors and the company itself. It was said to provide healthy rewards for venture capitalists who finally saw the fruits of their labor.[12] In contrast, it was said to negatively affect individual investors such as Facebook employees, who saw once-valuable shares become less lucrative.[12] More generally, the disappointing IPO was said to lower interest in the stock by investors.[12] That would make it more difficult for the company to accumulate cash reserves for large future expenditures such as acquisitions.[12] CBS News said ""the Facebook brand takes a pretty big hit for this,"" mostly because of the public interest that had surrounded the offering.[44] - Some suggested implications for companies other than Facebook specifically. The IPO could jeopardize profits for underwriters who face investors skeptical of the technology industry.[12] In the long-run, the troubled process ""makes it harder for the next social-media company that wants to go public.""[12] While the Wall Street Journal called for a broad perspective on the issue, they agreed that valuations and funding for future startup IPOs could take a hit.[53] Online travel company Kayak.com delayed its IPO roadshow in the wake of Facebook's troubles.[44] Analyst Trip Chowdhry suggested an even broader conclusion with regards to IPOs, arguing ""that hype doesn't sell anymore, short of fundamentals.""[12] CBS News compared the situation to the dot-com bubble, warning that ""You'd think we all would have learned our lesson"" from that period of overvaluation.[44] - While expected to provide significant benefits to Nasdaq, the IPO resulted in a strained relationship between Facebook and the exchange.[54] Facebook has considered moving its listing to a competing exchange.[54] - More than 40 lawsuits were filed regarding the Facebook IPO in the month that followed.[55] - Reuters' Alistair Barr reported that Facebook's lead underwriters, Morgan Stanley (MS), JP Morgan (JPM), and Goldman Sachs (GS) all cut their earnings forecasts for the company in the middle of the IPO roadshow.[56] Some[who?] have filed lawsuits, alleging that an underwriter for Morgan Stanley selectively revealed adjusted earnings estimates to preferred clients. The remaining underwriters (MS, JPM, GS) and Facebook's CEO and board are also facing litigation.[57] It is believed that adjustments to earnings estimates were communicated to the underwriters by a Facebook financial officer, who in turn used the information to cash out on their positions while leaving the general public with overpriced shares.[58] - Additionally, a class-action lawsuit is being prepared[by whom?] due to the trading glitches, which led to botched orders.[59][60] Apparently, the glitches prevented a number of investors from selling the stock during the first day of trading while the stock price was falling - forcing them to incur bigger losses when their trades finally went through. - In June 2012, Facebook asked for all the lawsuits to be consolidated into one, because of overlap in their content.[55] - Morgan Stanley settled allegations of improperly influencing research analysts for $5 million in December 2012. - Facebook's IPO is now under investigation and has been compared to pump and dump schemes.[12][34][56][61] Government officials called for investigations in the following weeks. Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Mary Schapiro and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Chairman Rick Ketchum called for a review of the circumstances surrounding the troubled IPO.[61] On 22 May, regulators from Wall Street's Financial Industry Regulatory Authority announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients, rather than the general public. Massachusetts Secretary of State William Galvin subpoenaed Morgan Stanley over the same issue.[62] The allegations sparked ""fury"" among some investors and led to the immediate filing of several lawsuits, one of them a class action suit claiming more than $2.5 billion in losses due to the IPO.[63] - Before the creation of secondary market exchanges like SecondMarket and SharesPost, shares of private companies had very little liquidity; however, this is no longer the case. Facebook employees had been finding private buyers to unload their shares as early as 2007, and when SharesPost launched in 2009, early employees started exiting en masse. Class B shares of Facebook traded as high as $44.50/share ($46.30/share after commissions) on SharesPost prior to the IPO. - The reputation of both Morgan Stanley, the primary IPO underwriter, and NASDAQ were damaged in the fallout from the botched offering. - In interviews with the media, bankers seemed sanguine about the outcome. ""We think Morgan has done pretty well on the deal,"" one person at a bank that was one of Facebook's other underwriters told CNN Money. ""Reputation of the bank aside, Facebook hasn't been a bad trade for Morgan."" This is because even as the share prices dropped Morgan ""racked up big profits"" trading the shares.[64] - Morgan's reputation in technology IPOs was ""in trouble"" after the Facebook offering. Underwriting equity offerings became an important part of Morgan's business after the financial crisis, generating $1.2 billion in fees since 2010. But by signing off on an offering price that was too high, or attempting to sell too many shares to the market, Morgan compounded problems, senior editor for CNN Money Stephen Gandel writes. According to Brad Hintz, an analyst at Sanford Bernstein, ""this is something that other banks will be able to use against them when competing for deals.""[65] -",2023-08-26 18:33:47 -Saul og David - Wikipedia,"Saul og David (Saul and David) is the first of the two operas by the Danish composer Carl Nielsen. The four-act libretto, by Einar Christiansen, tells the Biblical story of Saul's jealousy of the young David, taken from the Book of Samuel. The first performance was at the Royal Danish Theatre, Copenhagen, on 28 November 1902. - The opera is one of Denmark's most important musical works for the theatre but it is difficult to stage as the dramatic episodes are often separated by longer, less dynamic sequences. The choral scenes are certainly among the opera's highlights. The music, which is both dramatic and lyrical, is free of any late Romantic effects. This might, however, explain why the work has not gained wider popularity.[1] - The music was composed rather slowly over a period of two years, partly in Copenhagen, partly when Nielsen was in Rome on an extended stay between December 1899 and June 1900. Completed in April 1901, the work was submitted to the Royal Theatre for adjudication. The conductor, Johan Svendsen, recommended the opera should be performed at an early date, alluding to a ""highly interesting work, bearing throughout the stamp of an independent gifted artist"" who demonstrated ""clarity and assurance"".[This quote needs a citation] - The premiere on 28 November 1902 was received enthusiastically, at least by parts of the audience, as more than one reviewer spoke of continued applause by a group of the composer's friends and supporters. William Behrend from Politiken noted that Nielsen ""conducted the performance with great assurance and quite natural zeal"" but wondered whether the work would attract as much enthusiasm in future productions. Several other reviewers pointed out that it was hardly an opera in the classic sense but was more like an oratorio with its symphonic treatment, its cool dramatic approach and its large choral pieces.[2] - There were only a few more performances of Saul og David in Copenhagen during Nielsen's lifetime and despite his own efforts to have it performed in Dresden and Vienna, it was not until November 1928 that it was staged abroad in Gothenburg. Nielsen, who conducted the last of the Gothenburg performances, noted in his scrapbook that the reviewers had received it enthusiastically.[2] - The first UK production was in February 1977 in London by the University College[clarification needed] Opera Society.[3] - Saul and his army await the arrival of Samuel at Gilgal for the sacrifice to the God of Israel before battle with the Philistines. But Samuel does not come by the appointed time, so Saul performs the sacrifice himself. Moments later Samuel arrives and denounces the king's actions, and pronounces God's curse upon Saul. Though Saul repents, Samuel remains resolute, and Saul falls into despair. Jonathan's friend David soothes Saul with his singing. Michal and David fall in love. - Abner interrupts David, who is singing for Saul, and announces the challenge of the Philistine champion Goliath. Saul promises Michal's hand to whoever can defeat Goliath. David undertakes the challenge and succeeds. Saul immediately becomes jealous of the adulation David receives, and David flees to escape the king's anger. - David and Abishai come upon Saul's camp when all are asleep. David takes Saul's spear and water container to show he has been by the king but has not harmed him. He shouts from the hilltop to arouse the camp and pleads for reconciliation, but this is forestalled by the arrival of Samuel, who before dying anoints David the new king of Israel. Saul's jealousy flares again, and David flees with Michal. - Saul and Abner prevail upon the Witch of Endor to raise Samuel's spirit from the dead. Saul beseeches Samuel for help against the Philistines, but Samuel declares that God has abandoned Saul, that Saul and all his sons will die before the day is out. Battle ensues, and Jonathan is mortally wounded. Saul despairs and falls on his sword. The people acclaim David as their new king, but David is heart-broken by the deaths of Saul and Jonathan. - Notes -",2023-08-26 18:33:51 -Rules For a Film about Anabaptists - Wikipedia," - Rules for a Film about Anabaptists (German title: “Spielregel für einen Wiedertäuferfilm”) is a 1976 German–Italian film essay by filmmaker Georg Brintrup. The film compares the policy of the Anabaptists of Münster (1534) with the situation in the Federal Republic of Germany in the mid-1970s, when a so-called ""Radical Decree""(Berufsverbot) was put into law, aiming to prevent the employment of so-called enemies of the constitution as civil servants. - Part One – A brief commentary on the events in the city of Münster in the early 1500s regarding the formation of the Anabaptist congregation and its obliteration by the bishop is followed by readings from the introduction to ""The History of The Anabaptists"" by Hermann von Kerssenbroch. This is a written account which Kerssenbroich, an eye-witness to the disturbances in Münster, wrote in Latin, and which was translated into German anonymously in the 18th century.[1] The text describes the origin of the city of Münster, its buildings, markets, streets, as well as the distribution of the inhabitants, classes, professions and, finally, its constitution. At first, views of the streets and squares in their current form are shown, and then, we see the speaker sitting on a rooftop in Rome, in front of the Vatican Walls. The first part of the film closes with a camera movement from the rooftops of Münster to the Prinzipalmarkt, the center of the city. A fire can be seen while Kerssenbroich relates the portents which foretold the Westphalian turbulences and city destruction. - Part Two – -The second part of the film takes place in the streets and squares of the city of Münster. Two young women affected by Berufsverbot (the employment restrictions) on civil servants are shown discussing their individual experiences. One of the women, Monika, explains her case in full, while the other, Magdalena, adds noteworthy details of her own. The case of Bruno Finke is then presented and, during his commentary, Ulrike, another victim, adds details from similar charges against her. Each of these four people is an accredited teacher and a member of the legalized Communist Party of the Federal Republic, the DKP (Deutsche Kommunistische Partei). At the conclusion of this part of the film, the cathedral's astronomical clock is shown. This is the clock constructed in 1542 as a symbol of restoration after the bishop's defeat of the Anabaptists. - ""Rules for a Film about Anabaptists "" was first shown at the 1977 International Film Festival Rotterdam. It was also screened at the 1977 Berlin International Film Festival[2] and at the 13th ""Mostra Internazionale del Nuovo Cinema"" in Pesaro (Italy). -",2023-08-26 18:33:55 -Melia (Ionia) - Wikipedia,"Melia (Ancient Greek: Μελία), was a Carian polis of ancient Ionia that was razed by decision of the Ionian League to which it belonged. This was the earliest known explicit action of that League. There are only a few references to it in the literary sources. However, it is mentioned in a long inscription of Priene, which records a land settlement case between Priene and Samos for the possession of lands formerly belonging to Melia but redistributed to some cities of the League on conclusion of the Meliakos polemos (""Meliac War""). A board of Rhodian arbitrators awarded the land, which included Fort Karion (Carium), to Priene, having determined through due diligence that Samos had received lands on the coastline north of Mycale, while the lands around the fort were given to Priene. - Unfortunately the locations of some of the key players of the inscription remain uncertain: Melia, the Panionion, and Old Priene. (The ruins of Priene currently in evidence are of the rebuilt city, as the old had been razed.) Fort Karion is considered fairly certainly identified. Various suggestions have been made as to the locations of the others, and until the 21st century Melia was believed to have been the same as or to have included Fort Karion on the hill Kale Tepe. Early in the 21st century (2004) Hans Lohmann, an archaeologist, after a survey disputed the accepted location and proposed another he considered more likely. - In this theory, Melia was Fort Karion on Kale Tepe, Güzelçamlı, Asiatic Turkey.[1][2] - In this theory Melia was on a ridge of Çatallar Tepe, an elevation of the heights of the Samsun Range, ancient Mount Mycale, modern Dilek Peninsula. The range is roughly east-west, except for its curvature. On the north is a coastal plain that once was north Ionia, now is the location of Kuşadası. Its southernmost neighborhood is Güzelçamlı, next to the range, just below the possible lowland candidate for Melia. A ravine leads from there upward through ascending hills into the heights. The heights give a view over the plain below. Typically the Aegean also is visible, and Samos across the straits. All this was Melian territory, with Ephesos at the northern end. - Lohmann in 2004 suspecting there was more to be said about the locations of Melia and the Panionion explored up the ravine reaching Kurşunlu Manastiri, the ruins of an abandoned Byzantine monastery at  WikiMiniAtlas37°42′19″N 27°17′00″E / 37.705231°N 27.283356°E / 37.705231; 27.283356. The site is somewhat sprawling, with a parking lot at a little higher elevation. It is accessed by a winding dirt road ascending the steep slopes through thickets of forested trees.[a] The fact that the site has trees growing through it suggests that the area once was clear but has been allowed to become forested. The whole range is protected from development by its membership in the Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park. The elevation of the monastery is about 600 m (2,000 ft). - Continuing eastward on the dirt road, at a further straight-line distance of about 2.32 km (1.44 mi), Lohmann found a hill, Findikli Kale (or Kalesi), which the road bypasses. The published coordinates are  WikiMiniAtlas37°41′54″N 27°18′40″E / 37.69833°N 27.31111°E / 37.69833; 27.31111.[3] The elevation is 532 m (1,745 ft). This hill features the ruins of a Byzantine castle.[4] - The road continues eastward. According to Lohmann, ""two kilometres east of the Byzantine fortification of Findikli Kale"" is Çatallar Tepe.[5][b] The peak of the mountain rises over 800 m (2,600 ft). The prospective Melia ""on the southwestern slope"" is on a flat ridge at about 780 m (2,560 ft) more or less. Its coordinates are  WikiMiniAtlas37°42′06″N 27°19′42″E / 37.70167°N 27.32833°E / 37.70167; 27.32833.[6] The straight-line distance to Priene (New) is 5.29 km (3.29 mi), but there is obviously no easy connection along that line, and certainly not on a daily basis. In contrast to all the Ionian cities, this Melia was never a coastal city. Except for Mycale itself, its lands were all on the coastal plain north of Mycale.[7] -  WikiMiniAtlas37°42′34″N 27°13′05″E / 37.709368°N 27.218019°E / 37.709368; 27.218019 - - This article about a location in ancient Ionia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This geographical article about a location in Aydın Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:34:00 -Mudgar - Wikipedia,"A Mudgar is a type of ""Gada"" mace from India, and it is generally considered to be made of wood, but can also be made of iron.[3] - The mudgar appears is ancient Indian sculptures, where it is commonly held Yaksha deities, known as ""Mudgarpanis"" (Mudgar-holders).[4] - An ancient Jain story named the Antagadadasao tell the story of a man named Ajjunaka who was worshipping the image of the ""Yaksa who held a mace"", when he was attacked by five bandits, an event which shaked is devotion to the Yashka. Afterwards the Yaksa possessed Ajjunaka, giving him the strength to kill the five bandits.[5] - Nowadays, for training purposes when using Indian clubs, one or two wooden gada (""mudgar""), reaching up to 70 kilograms in weight, can be used: they can be swung behind the back in several different ways; this is particularly useful for building grip strength and shoulder endurance.[6][7] - Yaksha holding mudgar and child. Art of Mathura, 100 BCE.[8] -",2023-08-26 18:34:04 -1997 Internazionali di Tennis di San Marino – Doubles - Wikipedia,"Pablo Albano and Lucas Arnold Ker were the defending champions, but Albano chose to compete at Cincinnati at the same week. Arnold Ker teamed up with Tom Vanhoudt and lost in the first round to Wayne Arthurs and Richard Fromberg. - Cristian Brandi and Filippo Messori won the title by defeating Brandon Coupe and David Roditi 7–5, 6–4 in the final.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:34:07 -"Rain Rock, Ohio - Wikipedia"," -Rain Rock is an unincorporated community in Licking County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.[1] - The community took its name from a nearby natural feature called Rainy Rock, a formation of sandstone with a dripping waterfall.[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas40°11′34″N 82°17′23″W / 40.19278°N 82.28972°W / 40.19278; -82.28972 - - This Licking County, Ohio state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:34:12 -Richard Lefebvre des Noëttes - Wikipedia,"Richard Lefebvre des Noëttes (1856–1936) was a French officer and early historian of technology. - After his early retirement from the French army in 1901, Lefebvre devoted his time to technological studies, then quite a new field, becoming a main proponent of the negative impact of slavery on technological progress in classical antiquity. Although dissenting voices emerged as early as the 1930s, his primitivist views of ancient traction technology met with considerable success in the 1950s and 1960s when authorities like the medievalist Lynn White and the sinologist Joseph Needham, but also many classicists, relied rather uncritically on his research. - Based on a thorough reexamination of the pictorial evidence, much of it not available in Lefebvre's time, as well as experimental archaeology, modern scholars like Georges Raepsaet have refuted Lefebvre's findings, particularly his glaring underestimation of the capacities of ancient horse-drawn ploughs and carriages.[1][2] His depreciation of the classical quarter-rudder in favour of the medieval stern-mounted rudder has also given way to a more balanced interpretation which argues that the two systems rather differed in the kinds of advantages they offered.[3] Much unlike Lefebvre, recent scholarship has generally come to stress, within the productive limits characteristic of all pre-modern agricultural societies, the innovative character of Greek and Roman technology.[4][5] -",2023-08-26 18:34:15 -Riddell Sports Group - Wikipedia,"Riddell Sports Group is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American football. It was headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois.[1] In 2017, the company relocated to a new facility in adjacent Des Plaines, Illinois.[2][3] - The company was started by John Tate Riddell. He first invented the removable cleat, and then went on to invent the first ever plastic suspension helmet in 1939. In 2008, Dan Arment was appointed president of Riddell. Arment previously worked as executive vice-president and general manager of mass-market business for BRG Sports, Riddell's parent company, which is owned by private equity firm Fenway Partners.[4] Fenway acquired the company in 2003 from Lincolnshire Management.[5][6] In 2008, Riddell sued competitor Schutt Sports.[7] Two years later, Schutt filed a lawsuit, also for patent-infringement, against Riddell. Riddell ended up winning, leading to Schutt filing for bankruptcy.[8] - Riddell is widely known for its line of football helmets. In 2002, Riddell released a new helmet design called the Revolution or ""Revo"" for short[9] The newer design was released in response to a study on concussions. The design became popular in the NFL and NCAA, being used by notables such as Peyton Manning, Dwight Freeney, Casey Hampton, and Brady Quinn, as well as having been used by Eli Manning during the 2005 season. - Riddell is also known for its Revolution IQ HITS helmet (Head Impact Telemetry System). The sensors inside the helmet called MX Encoders store data from each impact and can be transferred to a laptop to be reviewed by coaching staff or physicians. The helmets cost about $999 and are already being used by NCAA football teams.[10] - Other helmet styles produced by Riddell include the Revolution Speed and the Revolution IQ. The company also produces a youth line of helmets including the Revolution Speed Youth, Revolution IQ Youth, Revolution Youth, Revolution Little Pro, Attack, VSR-4, VSR2-Y, and Little Pro. - A jury in the 2013 case ruled that Riddell was negligent in not warning people about concussion dangers when wearing its helmets.[11] The exact verdict in favor of Mr. Ridolfi was on his claims for negligent failure to warn.[12] Attorney Franklin D. Azar, who represented plaintiffs in the Colorado case, predicted that the $11 million verdict awarded in the 2013 trial could have implications for the larger suit by NFL players, because Riddell knew in November 2000 of problems in testing of the helmets but did not disclose the information. [13][14] Azar asserted that the verdict shows that there is no statute of limitations on traumatic brain injuries when manufacturers do not adequately warn of defects.[15] The ruling came as Riddell faced a similar suit in California, as well as a complaint by thousands of NFL players. [16] - Riddell has been sued by multiple NFL players.[17][18] More than 125 former NFL players sued the league and helmet-maker Riddell for not disclosing and, in some instances, allegedly hiding the risks of repeated head injuries. There are ""at least three"" personal injury cases pending in California and one more in Pennsylvania. According to the AP, the cases represent the ""first examples of former players joining together to file concussion-related lawsuits against the NFL."" - Lawyer Thomas Girardi represents dozens of the players in two of the complaints. He says the goal is to enact ""necessary changes"" to protect future generations of players, as well as ""set[ting] up a medical process so [the plaintiffs] can have medical attention for this injury as long as they need it"", in addition to financial compensation. - The NFL alleged that players knew the risks when they made football their career and that there was ""no misconduct or liability"" on the league's part.[19] Players intended to show there was ""a history of literature showing that multiple blows to the head can cause long-term damage"" that got buried by the NFL and that the league also ""fraudulently concealed the long-term effects of concussions,"" including the increased risk of dementia. - The players appeared to have allies in Washington. A Senate subcommittee held hearings on misleading safety claims made by sports equipment companies. One thing is certain: it's going to be a long slog for both sides, without a clear endgame. For example, the players are seeking judgments ""in the millions of dollars,"" though no specific numbers have been listed in the court documents. The consensus from lawyers on both sides is that the lawsuits could take years to be sorted out. Nobody associated with the players, the league, or Riddell was even ""willing to guess how long it could be"" during discussions with the AP. -",2023-08-26 18:34:20 -Maacher Jhol (2017 feature film) - Wikipedia," - Maacher Jhol is an Indian language Bengali film produced by Sony Pictures Networks and Mojo Productions directed by Pratim D. Gupta, starring Ritwick Chakraborty, Paoli Dam and Mamata Shankar in the lead roles. It is the first Bengali food film that revolves around a Paris-based chef who comes back to Kolkata after 13 years to attend to his ailing mother. - Dev D (Devdatto) is a renowned chef who quit his job as an engineer in Kolkata and moved to France train at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. In doing so, he left behind his wife Sreela and his parents. When his mother falls ill, he returns to Kolkata after 13, he must come to terms with his past. - Pratim D. Gupta revealed that the idea of the film came during his trip to Italy where he was surprised to find local restaurants serving the recipes of mothers and grandmothers.[1] - He also said that it was his eagerness to work with Ritwick Chakraborty again after Shaheb Bibi Golaam resulted in conceiving a character for him - Chef Dev D. - While Pratim and Ritwick have worked together in Shaheb Bibi Golaam, the film marks the first collaboration between the director and Paoli Dam. Mamata Shankar, known to be choosy about her roles, agreed to do the film immediately after reading the script.[1] - Shooting for the film started from March 2017.[1] - The music for Maacher Jhol is composed by Anupam Roy and the lyrics have been penned by Anupam himself. One of the songs has been written by Rabindranath Tagore with a French section written and sung by Anupam. The music rights have been acquired by Zee Music Company. -",2023-08-26 18:34:23 -On the Spectrum (TV series) - Wikipedia,"On the Spectrum (Hebrew: על הספקטרום, romanized: Al Haspectrum) is an Israeli comedy-drama television series created by Dana Idisis and Yuval Shafferman and produced by yes TV and Sumayoko Productions. The series premiered in Israel on May 22, 2018. The show won Best Drama Series in the 2018 Israeli Ophir Awards. - The show won the 2018 Grand Jury Prize in the French Séries Mania festival,[1] making it the second Israeli series to claim the award.[2] -It is the first Israeli show that been accepted into the Tribeca Film Festival and the only non-English show at the festival in 2018.[3] - In 2020, Amazon Studios picked up the series for an English remake adaptation called As We See It,[4][5][6] after ordering a pilot in 2019.[7] - In 2021, HBO Max bought the series' rights for North American streaming.[8] The series is available with subtitles and also dubbed with voice actors who are on the spectrum.[9] The series first aired on the platform on April 2 to coincide with Autism Awareness Day.[8][10] - The show follows the life of three roommates in their 20s with autism living together in an assisted-living apartment in Ramat Gan.[11] - Screenwriter Dana Idisis wrote the series inspired by the life story of her autistic brother, who suffers from pervasive developmental disorder and lives with his friends in sheltered housing.[12] - - This Israeli television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:34:27 -List of Walt Disney's World War II productions for Armed Forces - Wikipedia," - -The following is a list of training films produced for the United States Army and Navy by the Walt Disney Studio during World War II. Most of these films were not sole productions of Disney, but were collaborations with other entities such as the First Motion Picture Unit (FMPU) or Frank Capra's signal corps. - Disney only produced the animated portions of these films. Many Disney artists and animators (as well as artists from other animation studios) worked at FMPU simultaneously, so not all FMPU films that include animation are Disney products. - In many cases the studio did not receive credit, which has made the task of identification somewhat difficult. Additionally, many of these films were reissued and even retitled, re-numbered and even re-edited, so the original elements may not survive. - Th information on this list comes from various sources such as the long out of print book Donald Duck Joins Up by Richard Shale and other film indexes that deal with Army and Navy films.[1] - Note: Walt Disney Productions is uncredited on all films in this section. - The entire series can be found at Archive.org. - The entire series can be found at Archive.org - The entire series can be found at Archive.org - The entire series can be found at Archive.org - The entire series can be found at Archive.org - The entire series can be found at Archive.org - The entire series can be found at Archive.org - Know Your Enemy: Japan had three production numbers at Disney, probably because the animated inserts in this film included limited character animation. - -The third and the final film in this seriesKnow Your Ally: Britain, includes animation produced by Warner Bros,[7] The entire series can be found at Archive.org.[8] - Here is Germany was originally planned in 1943 under another title (Know Your Enemy: Germany) but was canceled, then revised and completed in 1945 under its current title. - -The third and the final film in this seriesKnow Your Ally: Britain, includes animation produced by Warner Bros,[7] The entire series can be found at Archive.org.[8] - Note: Walt Disney Productions is generally credited on these films, unless otherwise noted. - - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - The list given in Shale's book is incorrect.[9] Small fragments of first film in series can be found on Walt Disney Treasures: On the Front Lines. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - The series is also known as Fighter Pilot ace Thach's series[11] - Small fragments of this series can be found on Walt Disney Treasures: On the Front Lines. The complete film can be found on online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx-wl40AOAc&ab_channel=JeffieBraverman - - - fiilm can be found online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ofp49oBt60Q&t=149s&ab_channel=footagefarm - - The complete five film can be found online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALkQdOhwvdY&t=783s&ab_channel=SanDiegoAirandSpaceMuseumArchives - Richard Shale's book states there are nine films Aircraft Production Processes Series [Mooney Project], but only eight are listed.[19] - Aerology Series was remade in 1960s as Metrology series, by Audio Productions. - This series was re-released in 1953[24] and 1967. The second film can be viewed on the internet[25] The short film Elevation, Distance and Grid (1967) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive. - This series was re-released in 1953[26] The short film Elevation, Distance and Grid (1967) is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive. - This series was re-released in 1953[27] and 1967. - This series was re-released in 1953[27] and 1967. - This series was re-released in 1953[27] and 1967. - Some of these propaganda and training films can be found uncut and uncensored on -",2023-08-26 18:34:30 -Justina Vanagaitė - Wikipedia,"Justina Vanagaitė (born 3 January 1990) is an Lithuanian dressage rider. Representing Lithuania, she competed at the 2022 World Equestrian Games and at the 2021 European Dressage Championships. She placed 44th place in individual dressage at the 2022 World Equestrian Games with her horse Nabab.[1] - Justina started riding at the age of 13. She is a founder of Vilnius equestrian club.[2] - - This biographical article related to equestrianism is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This biographical article relating to Lithuanian sport is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:34:34 -Henry Fetherstonhaugh - Wikipedia," -Sir Henry Fetherstonhaugh, 2nd Baronet (22 December 1754 – 24 October 1846), known as Harry,[1] was an English aristocrat. - The son of Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, 1st Baronet (of the Fetherstonhaugh baronets), he was the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth from 1782 to 1796,[2] but never once spoke in the House of Commons, and has been described as a ""witless playboy"".[3] - He made the Grand Tour in 1775-76 but passed most of it in sexual and hunting adventures. Like his parents and uncle 25 years earlier, he was painted by Pompeo Batoni in Rome,[1] and later employed Humphry Repton to lay out the gardens to his country manor, Uppark.[3] - Sir Harry was a good friend of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV),[4] who stayed at Uppark during the mid-1780s. He took the teenaged Emma Hamilton as a mistress to live with him at Uppark in 1780 and to entertain his guests at the many parties he hosted, but rejected her when she became pregnant with his child in 1781. A frequent guest at Uppark, Charles Greville, took her in as his mistress on condition that the child, Emma Carew, was fostered out.[5][1] - On 12 September 1825, when over 70, Fetherstonhaugh married Mary Ann Bullock, his head dairy maid, aged 18[5] or 21, and upon his death left his entire estate to her. After her husband's death Mary Ann continued living at Uppark with her sister, Frances (b. 1817).[4] -",2023-08-26 18:34:37 -Calvin Johnson - Wikipedia," - Calvin Johnson Jr., (born September 29, 1985) is an American former football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons with the Detroit Lions. He played college football at Georgia Tech, where he twice received first-team All-American honors, and was selected by the Lions second overall in the 2007 NFL Draft. Nicknamed ""Megatron"" after the Transformers character of the same name, he is regarded as one of the greatest wide receivers of all time.[1] - Johnson was noted for having a rare combination of size (6 ft 5 in and 239 lbs), catching ability, speed (40-yard dash in 4.35 seconds), strength, leaping ability,[2][3] and body control. In 2012, he set the NFL season record for receiving yards.[4][5] Johnson is also tied with Michael Irvin for 100-yard games in a season,[6] tied with Adam Thielen for consecutive 100-yard games, and holds the record for consecutive games with 10 or more receptions. He appeared in six consecutive Pro Bowls from 2010 to 2015 and received three consecutive first-team All-Pro selections from 2011 to 2013. - While still regarded as being in his prime, Johnson retired after the 2015 season, citing a loss of passion for the game due to health concerns and the Lions' lack of overall success during his tenure. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2018 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2021. - Johnson was born to Calvin Johnson Sr. and Arica Johnson on September 29, 1985, in Newnan, Georgia.[7][8] Johnson's mother holds a Doctor of Education. Johnson's parents stressed education in his childhood, forbidding him from playing sports if he didn't receive A's and B's in school.[9] - Johnson was 6 feet tall in middle school, and 6 feet 4 inches as a sophomore in high school.[10] He attended Sandy Creek High School in Tyrone, Georgia, and was a letterman in football and a baseball standout. In football, he was a three-year starter as a wide receiver for the Patriots football team. As a sophomore, he made 34 receptions for 646 yards and 10 touchdowns. As a junior, Johnson caught 40 passes for 736 yards and eight touchdowns.[3][11] His #81 was retired on October 22, 2010.[12] - Johnson was rated among the nation's top 10 wide receivers and top 100 players by virtually every recruiting analyst. He was tabbed the No. 4 wide receiver and No. 15 player in the nation by TheInsiders.com, and named to the Super Southern 100 by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Rivals 100 by Rivals.com, TheInsiders.com Hot 100, the SuperPrep All-America 275, and the Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team.[3] - Johnson was also rated as the best player in Georgia, No. 12 in the Southeast and No. 37 in the nation by Rivals.com, the No. 7 wide receiver in the nation by SuperPrep, and first-team all-state selection (Class AAAA) by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Finally, he was tabbed to the AJC's preseason Super 11.[3] By the time he was a junior, he was ranked as within the top 10 wide receivers and the top 100 players in the nation by almost every writer.[3] - Sources: - Johnson attended the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he played for head coach Chan Gailey's Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team from 2004 to 2006. Despite Georgia Tech being interested in his playing both football and baseball, Johnson's mother refused to allow Johnson to play both sports after determining that the year-round athletic schedule would be too demanding.[13] - As a freshman in 2004, Johnson was an immediate contributor. He made his collegiate debut against Samford and had two receptions for 45 receiving yards in the 28–7 victory.[14] In the following game, against Clemson, he had eight receptions for 127 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 28–24 victory.[15] On October 16, against Duke, he had six receptions for 92 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 24–7 victory.[16] On November 13, against Connecticut, he had six receptions for 131 receiving yards in the 30–10 victory.[17] In the next week's game against Virginia, he had five receptions for 108 receiving yards in the 30–10 loss.[18] He ended his freshman campaign against Syracuse in the 2004 Champs Sports Bowl, where he recorded two receptions for 61 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown to go along with a rushing touchdown in the 51–14 victory.[19] Johnson was the Yellow Jackets' leading receiver with 48 catches for 837 receiving yards and seven receiving touchdowns, which were Georgia Tech freshman records.[20] Johnson earned a first-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) selection. He was named ACC Rookie of the Year.[21] - Johnson started the 2005 season with four receptions for 66 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in a 23–14 victory over Auburn.[22] In the next game, he had six receptions for 114 receiving yards in a 27–21 victory over North Carolina.[23] The game featured Georgia Tech having two 100-yard receivers in the same game for the sixth time in school history, Johnson and Damarius Bilbo, who had 131.[24] On September 24, against Virginia Tech, he had five receptions for 123 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 51–7 loss.[25] In the following game, against North Carolina State, he recorded a collegiate career-best ten receptions for 130 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 17–14 loss.[26] He earned first-team All-American honors for the 2005 season.[27] He also earned All-ACC honors for the second straight year and was a semifinalist for the Fred Biletnikoff Award.[28] He led the team with 54 catches for 888 receiving yards and six receiving touchdowns.[29] - Johnson was named a team captain going into his junior season.[24] He entered his 2006 season in the running for the Biletnikoff Award and Heisman Trophy. Although Johnson finished tenth in the Heisman voting, he won the Biletnikoff as the best college wide receiver.[30][31] He started the season with seven receptions for 111 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 14–10 loss to Notre Dame.[32] In the following game, he had four receptions for 26 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 38–6 victory over Samford.[33] Against the West Virginia Mountaineers in the Toyota Gator Bowl, Johnson had nine catches for a collegiate-career best 186 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns, albeit in a 38–35 loss.[34][35] In the game, he passed Jonathan Smith for the school record for receiving yards in a single season and also moved past Kelly Campbell to be the school's all-time leader in receiving yards for a career.[36] In addition, Johnson's 186 receiving yards set a school record for receiving yards in a bowl game.[24] Johnson was honored as the ACC Player of the Year, was a first-team All-ACC selection for the third consecutive year, and was recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American.[37] Overall, Johnson tallied 1,202 receiving yards on 76 catches.[38][39][40] Johnson's 15 receiving touchdowns were a new Georgia Tech single-season record.[41][42] In his collegiate career, Johnson made a case for being the greatest Georgia Tech player of all time.[43][44] Johnson had 178 receptions for 2,927 yards and 28 touchdowns during his time with the Yellow Jackets. He ranks first in school history in career receiving yards, second in receptions, first in touchdown receptions, and first in career 100-yard receiving games with 13.[45] - During the summer of 2006, Johnson, who majored in management with a background in building construction, was given the option of working on either constructing environmentally friendly luxury condos, or a project building solar latrines to improve sanitation in Bolivia.[51][52] Johnson chose the latter, as he wanted to help the less fortunate.[53] The ""solar latrines"" use the sun's rays to safely transform bacteria-laden waste into fertilizer.[53][54] - In 2016, Johnson was named to the Georgia Tech Sports Hall of Fame.[55] He was selected for induction to the College Football Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility. He was part of the Class of 2018.[50] - Johnson was SI.com's Midseason 2007 NFL Draft Projection #1 pick,[56] though Johnson had stated that he intended to earn his degree from Georgia Tech.[3] On January 8, 2007, Johnson declared himself eligible for the NFL Draft, bypassing his senior season at Georgia Tech.[45][57] He was regarded as the best athlete to come out of the draft and was the #1 player on most draft boards.[2][58][59] Johnson was said by ESPN to be able to be productive as a rookie, much like receiver Randy Moss.[2] In a mid-February workout with speed and conditioning coach Mark Pearsall, Johnson clocked a 4.33-second 40-yard dash, recorded an 11-foot standing broad jump, and had a vertical leap of 43 inches.[60] - Johnson surprised many when he weighed in at 239 pounds at the combine although he claims that this season he played ""at about 235 and I got up to 238"" and that his weight was not a problem.[2] Johnson ran a 4.35 and wowed scouts with his jump drill results, his receiving skills, and his 11 ft 7 in (3.53 m) broad jump, which was the ""best broad jump I can ever remember an NFL prospect having,"" according to Gil Brandt.[61] Johnson is one of only two players (Matt Jones) 6-foot-5 or taller, regardless of position, to run a 40-yard dash in under 4.40 seconds at the combine since 2005.[62][63] - Johnson was selected by the Detroit Lions in the first round as the second pick overall in the 2007 NFL Draft.[64][65][66] This is the highest a Georgia Tech Yellow Jacket has ever been drafted.[64] The Lions were expected to trade Johnson, most likely to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but the team announced that they were keeping him.[67] The next day, the Detroit Tigers invited him to throw out the ceremonial first pitch.[68][69] - Johnson attended Reebok's NFL Rookie Premiere in Los Angeles.[73] The Lions, being told by the league that Johnson would have to skip the minicamp to attend, rescheduled the camp to accommodate Johnson.[74] On August 3, 2007, Johnson signed a six-year deal with the Detroit Lions after holding out for eight days, and passed his physical in time to be on the field for the start of that morning's practice.[47][75][76] He was represented by agent James ""Bus"" Cook. The contract was worth up to US$64 million, with $27.2 in guaranteed money, making Johnson the highest-paid player in Lions history (since passed by quarterback Matthew Stafford and defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh) and the highest-paid receiver (in guaranteed money) in the NFL.[75][77] - Although he did not start the game, Johnson had an impressive NFL debut on Sunday, September 9, 2007, catching four passes for 70 yards and his first career touchdown in Detroit's 36–21 win over the Oakland Raiders.[78][79][80] He sustained a lower back injury after making a catch over two Philadelphia Eagles defenders on September 23, 2007.[81] He scored his first and only professional rushing touchdown against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 21, 2007, on a 32-yard reverse play in the 23–16 victory.[82] Fellow teammate and wide receiver Roy Williams nicknamed Johnson ""Megatron"", due to his large hands being similar to that of the towering Decepticon.[83][84] The nickname caught on well with fans. Williams later changed the nickname to ""Bolt"" after Jamaican sprinting phenom Usain Bolt, comparing the two athletes' similar height and running abilities.[85] Johnson finished the 2007 season with 48 receptions for 756 yards and five total touchdowns.[86] He was named to the NFL All-Rookie Team.[87] - In 2008, Johnson said he could ""still feel"" the lower-back injury that bothered him throughout his rookie season. Johnson took five weeks off after the 2007 season and was taking part in the Lions' offseason program. ""I know it's there but it doesn't hurt,"" he said.[88] Johnson revealed that he needed Vicodin to play through the final three months of the 2007 season. He needed the medication to help him play with a bone bruise in his back. ""I was on meds the rest of the season,"" he said. ""I was taking Vicodin twice a game just to get through the game. I stayed hurt the whole season, probably because I was trying to come back too soon.""[89] - Johnson and the Lions faced the Atlanta Falcons on the road on September 7, 2008, in the season opener at the Georgia Dome.[90] As the official starting wide receiver behind Roy Williams, Johnson led the team in receptions and yards, collecting seven catches for 107 yards, which included one 38-yard catch-and-run in the Lions' 34–21 loss.[91] During Week 2 versus the Green Bay Packers, he had two key touchdowns late in the game, which sparked a large comeback, though the Lions eventually lost the game, 48–25. Both touchdown catches included a run after the catch (the first catch going for 38 yards and the second going for 47 yards, both over the middle) displaying Johnson's speed and breakaway ability. He ended the game with six receptions for 129 yards and two touchdowns.[92] In the following two games, losses to San Francisco and Chicago, Johnson failed to score a touchdown or gain over 50 yards receiving.[93][94] However, against the Minnesota Vikings, Johnson had four receptions for 85 yards and his third touchdown of the season.[95] - On October 14, before the Week 6 trade deadline, Roy Williams was traded to the Dallas Cowboys for a first, a third and a seventh-round pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, making Johnson the Lions' starting wide receiver and the last big threat on the offense.[96] In his first game without Roy Williams alongside him in the Week 7 game against the Houston Texans, Johnson caught only two passes, totaling 154 yards receiving; the first pass did not come until quarterback Dan Orlovsky threw a pass up for grabs at the end of the first half which Johnson caught for 58 yards and the second pass came on a 96-yard touchdown catch-and-run.[97] With Williams gone and starting quarterback Jon Kitna lost to injury for the season, the Texans defense had little to do to stop the Lions' offense but shut down Johnson, winning the game 28–21.[98] - Johnson set a career-high for receptions in a game during the Week-9 match-up against the Lions' division rivals, the Chicago Bears, with eight receptions that garnered 94 yards and one touchdown, but still lost the game 27–23.[99] During Week 10, formerly retired All-Pro quarterback Daunte Culpepper was signed to a one-year contract with the Lions in hopes to spur the offense and earned the starting job for the next two games.[100] Johnson ended his first game with Culpepper at quarterback with two receptions for 92 yards in a 38–14 loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars.[101] During the Week 14 match-up against the division rival Minnesota Vikings, Johnson passed the 1,000-yard receiving mark for the first time in his career after collecting three catches for 84 yards and one touchdown, ending the week with 1,055 yards receiving and nine touchdowns on the season.[102] - Johnson and the 2008 Detroit Lions finished the first ever 0–16 season in NFL history after a 31–21 loss to the Green Bay Packers in Week 17.[92] Despite the Lions' failures and the fact that five different quarterbacks played during the year, Johnson finished as one of the strongest wide receivers statistically for the 2008 season, finishing fifth in receiving yards (1,331) and 7th in receiving yards per game (83.2), and leading the league in receiving touchdowns (12), despite the fact that the entire Lions team only passed for 18 touchdowns.[103] Johnson became the first Lion to lead the NFL in receiving touchdowns since Terry Barr in 1963.[104] However, Johnson missed the Pro Bowl, with most experts attributing the snub to the Lions' dismal winless season.[105] - After 2008, Detroit's front office and coaching personnel were essentially overhauled by the team ownership. Matt Millen, the team's incumbent general manager and CEO since 2001, was terminated on September 24, 2008.[106] Head coach Rod Marinelli was fired in the offseason.[107] Marinelli was replaced by Jim Schwartz, then defensive coordinator of the Tennessee Titans.[108] Schwartz ultimately revamped the entire Detroit offensive (and defensive) philosophies‍—‌hiring Scott Linehan and Gunther Cunningham, respectively.[109] Detroit held the first pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, and selected quarterback Matthew Stafford out of the University of Georgia.[110] Stafford was named the team's starting quarterback out of training camp, but he battled various injuries throughout the season. Much of the 2008 Detroit roster was released by the new regime, and the 2009 team was viewed as somewhat of a work-in-progress and eventually finished with a 2–14 record.[111] Johnson finished the 2009 season with 67 receptions, 984 yards, and five touchdowns, while missing two games.[112] - In the season opener against the Chicago Bears, Johnson caught a pass with 31 seconds left in regulation in the end zone for what looked like a game-winning touchdown. However, referee Gene Steratore ruled the catch incomplete, saying that Johnson had not maintained possession of the ball through the entire process of the catch. The Lions lost the game by a score of 19–14.[113] In Week 6, against the New York Giants, he had five receptions for 146 yards and one receiving touchdown in the 28–20 loss.[114] In Week 8, against the Washington Redskins, he had nine receptions for 101 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 37–25 victory.[115] In Week 10, against the Buffalo Bills, he had ten receptions for 128 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 14–12 loss.[116] The Bills game was the beginning of a four-game streak for Johnson where he recorded a receiving touchdown. In Week 15, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had ten receptions for 152 receiving yards in the 23–20 victory.[117] -Johnson amassed 77 receptions for 1,120 yards and 12 touchdowns during the 2010 season.[118] He was selected to the first Pro Bowl of his career.[119] Following the 2010 season, Johnson was the recipient of the Lions/Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association/Pro Football Writers Association (Detroit Chapter) Media-Friendly Good Guy Award. Johnson was ranked 27th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.[120] In 2011, Johnson had his second best statistical season of his NFL career, reaching a then career-high 1,681 receiving yards and 16 touchdowns.[121] In Week 4 against the Dallas Cowboys, Johnson helped rally the Lions from a 24-point deficit to a 34–30 victory by catching two touchdown passes in the fourth quarter, including a famous catch in which Johnson beat the Cowboys' triple coverage in the end zone.[122] This performance gave Johnson eight touchdown receptions through the first four games of the season and tied Cris Carter for most consecutive games with multiple touchdown receptions with four.[122] In a Week 15 game against the Oakland Raiders, Johnson had nine receptions for 214 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 28–27 victory.[123] He joined Cloyce Box as the only players in franchise history to record at least 200 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the same game.[124] Johnson and the Lions clinched a playoff spot for the first time since 1999, and the first time in Johnson's career, after a 38–10 beating of the San Diego Chargers on Christmas Eve.[125] In a Week 17 game against the Green Bay Packers, Johnson had 11 receptions for a then career-best 244 receiving yards in a 45–41 loss.[126] Johnson finished the season with 96 receptions for a league-leading 1,681 receiving yards and 16 receiving touchdowns.[127][128] Johnson became the first Lion to lead the league in receiving yards since Pat Studstill in 1966.[129] The Lions finished with a 10–6 record, finished second in the NFC North, and earned a playoff berth.[130] - Detroit found themselves on the road again in a 2012 NFC Wild Card game against the heavily favored New Orleans Saints in the playoffs. Always tough to play against at the Superdome, the Saints wore down the Detroit defense and New Orleans would go on to a win by a score of 45–28. In the game, Johnson caught 12 passes for 211 receiving yards and two touchdowns‍—‌breaking Detroit's playoff record of 150 receiving yards in a playoff game previously held by Brett Perriman and Leonard Thompson.[131][132] Johnson was ranked third by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012.[133] - On March 14, 2012, Johnson signed an eight-year extension worth US$132 million with the Detroit Lions, with US$60 million guaranteed, making Johnson the highest-paid receiver in the league.[134] Johnson beat out 42 other players and eliminated quarterback Cam Newton to win the Madden NFL 13 cover athlete on April 25, 2012, on SportsNation.[135] Johnson started off the season with six receptions for 111 yards in a 27–23 victory over the St. Louis Rams.[136] In Week 3, against the Tennessee Titans, he had 10 receptions for 164 yards and a touchdown in the 44–41 loss.[137] In Week 6, against the Philadelphia Eagles, he had six receptions for 135 yards in the 26–23 victory.[138] In the stretch from Week 9 to Week 14, he recorded five consecutive games with 125 receiving yards or more, which tied the NFL record held by Pat Studstill in the 1966 season.[139][140] In that stretch were performances of 207 yards and a touchdown in a 34–24 loss to the Minnesota Vikings and 171 yards and a touchdown in a 35–33 loss to the Indianapolis Colts.[141][142] In the Colts game, Johnson was targeted a career-high 20 times.[142] On December 22, against the Atlanta Falcons, Johnson broke Jerry Rice's single-season receiving yards record of 1,848 yards.[143] Johnson was also named a starter for the NFC in the Pro Bowl played in Honolulu, Hawaii.[144] Johnson finished with five receptions for 72 yards against the Chicago Bears in Week 17, missing out on 2,000 receiving yards by 36.[145] Johnson finished the season leading the league in receptions (122) and receiving yards (1,964).[146][147] Johnson became the only player in the Super Bowl era (since 1967) to average 120 yards per game in a season, when he averaged 122.8 yards per game in 2012.[148] Johnson was ranked third by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.[149] - After a slow start to the 2013 season in Week 1 against the Minnesota Vikings, Johnson had six receptions for 116 yards and two touchdowns in a 25–21 loss to the Arizona Cardinals.[150][151] In the following game, against the Washington Redskins, he had seven receptions for 115 receiving yards and a touchdown in the 27–20 victory.[152] In Week 7, against the Cincinnati Bengals, he had nine receptions for 155 yards and two receiving touchdowns.[153] On October 27, in a 31–30 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Johnson caught a career-high 14 of 16 passes thrown in his direction; he finished the game with a career-high 329 receiving yards and one touchdown.[154] In addition to breaking the Lions' franchise record of 302 receiving yards set by Cloyce Box on December 3, 1950, it was the highest receiving yardage ever in a regulation-length game and the second-highest overall single-game yardage in NFL history, behind Flipper Anderson's 336-yard performance in a 1989 overtime win. Anderson accumulated 40 of those yards in overtime.[155] In this same game, Johnson tied Lance Alworth for the most career games with at least 200 yards receiving with five.[156] In Week 10 against the Chicago Bears, Johnson had six receptions for 83 yards and two touchdown receptions.[157] The second one gave him the Lions all-time record for touchdown catches with 63, breaking the old mark previously held by Herman Moore.[158] In the following game, he had six receptions for 179 yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 37–27 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 11.[159] Following the Steelers game, he added two more 100-yard performances in Weeks 12–13 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Green Bay Packers.[160][161] - Overall, he finished the 2013 season with 84 receptions, 1,492 receiving yards, and 12 receiving touchdowns in 14 games.[162] Johnson was named to the 2014 Pro Bowl, but an injury forced him to withdraw.[163] Johnson was ranked second by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014.[164] - Johnson started the 2014 season off strong with seven receptions for 164 yards and two receiving touchdowns in a 35–14 victory over the New York Giants on Monday Night Football.[165] Johnson suffered an ankle injury that kept him out of action after Week 5.[166] He returned in Week 10 against the Miami Dolphins and had seven receptions for 113 yards and a touchdown in the 20–16 victory.[167] On November 27, in the annual Thanksgiving Day game against the Chicago Bears, Johnson became the fastest player to reach 10,000 receiving yards in NFL history at the time, eclipsing the mark in the second quarter of his 115th game.[168] Against the Bears, he had 11 receptions for 146 yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 34–17 victory.[169] In the next game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had eight receptions for 158 yards and a receiving touchdown in the 34–17 victory.[170] He closed the season out with four receptions for 39 yards and two receiving touchdowns in a 30–20 loss to the Green Bay Packers.[171] The Lions finished with a 11–5 record and earned a playoff spot in the Wild Card Round.[172] In the 24–20 loss to the Dallas Cowboys, he had five receptions for 85 receiving yards.[173] - Johnson was named to his fifth consecutive Pro Bowl, the most by any Lion since Barry Sanders was named to ten consecutive Pro Bowls.[174] He finished the 2014 season with 71 receptions for 1,044 receiving yards and receiving eight touchdowns.[175] Johnson and Golden Tate became the Lions' first duo to reach 1,000 yards apiece in the same season since Roy Williams and Mike Furrey in 2006.[176][177] Johnson was ranked sixth by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.[178] - Much like Week 1 in Chicago five years back, in Week 4 at Seattle, Johnson was involved in another controversial play. This time, late in the fourth quarter, Seahawks safety Kam Chancellor punched the ball out of Johnson's hands while he was trying to score a late go-ahead touchdown. Linebacker K. J. Wright then batted the ball out of the end zone for a touchback. The NFL later admitted the referees should have penalized Wright for illegal batting. The Seahawks won the game by a score of 13–10.[179][180][181][182] In Week 5, a 42–17 loss to the Arizona Cardinals, Johnson caught his 671st career pass, breaking Herman Moore's franchise record.[183][184] In Week 6, Johnson caught six passes for 166 yards in an overtime 37–34 victory over the Chicago Bears. This gave the Lions their first victory of the season after an 0–5 start.[185] This was his fourth NFC Offensive Player of the Week nomination for his effort against the Bears.[186] In Week 12, against the Philadelphia Eagles, Johnson caught eight passes for 93 yards and three touchdowns to help lead the Lions to their third straight victory and lift their record to 4–7.[187] In Week 8 against the Kansas City Chiefs in the NFL International Series on November 1, Johnson became the fastest player to reach 11,000 receiving yards in NFL history, in his 127th game.[188] Johnson finished the season with 88 receptions for 1,214 yards (13.8 average), and nine touchdowns, reaching 1,000-yards receiving for the sixth consecutive year, and seventh time in nine years.[189] Johnson was named to the Pro Bowl for the sixth consecutive year, but he declined to attend.[190] His 1,214 yards in the 2015 season are the most ever in a player's final season in the NFL, while his 88 receptions are the second most in a player's final season, trailing Sterling Sharpe's 94 receptions in the 1994 season.[191][62] - On March 8, 2016, Johnson announced his retirement from the NFL after nine seasons.[148][192] His 11,619 receiving yards rank fourth in a player's first nine seasons, trailing only Julio Jones (12,125), Torry Holt (11,864) and Jerry Rice (11,776).[193] Since Johnson was drafted by the Lions with the second overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft, no player had more receiving yards, receiving touchdowns, and 100-yard games (46) than Johnson through the 2015 season.[194][195] His 5,137 receiving yards from 2011 to 2013 are the most by any player over a three-year stretch in NFL history.[62][196] On February 6, 2021, Johnson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility.[197] - Despite spending his entire 9 year career with the Lions, Johnson does not partake in any events or attend games being played by his former team. He has stated this is because the Lions forced him to repay $1.6 million of his signing bonus for retiring early and not playing out his contract. The Lions offered to pay Johnson $500,000 a year for three years to show up and speak at team events and donate an additional $100,000 to a charity of his choice, but he did not accept the offer, stating, ""they need to figure out a way to do it and not have me work for it. Because I already did the work for it"". He has said on multiple occasions that things between him and his former team will never be made right until then and has gone on to say that ownership views the team's players as ""pawns"".[198] - On August 30, 2016, Johnson was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 23 of Dancing with the Stars.[220] He was partnered with professional dancer Lindsay Arnold.[221] He finished in third place to James Hinchcliffe and Laurie Hernandez.[222] - 1 Score given by guest judge Pitbull.2 Score given by guest judge Idina Menzel - In February 2019, Johnson and his wife Brittney were granted preliminary approval to open a medical cannabis dispensary in Michigan.[223][224] He has since proceeded with plans to launch several cannabis facilities across the state (along with his business partner Rob Sims) under the brand name Primitiv.[225][226] In August 2019, Johnson was named to the board of directors of the Michigan Cannabis Industry Association.[227] - Also in August 2019, Johnson announced a partnership with Harvard University to study the effects of cannabis on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and its benefits in managing pain.[226] As part of the partnership, Johnson and Sims announced a six-figure donation to the International Phytomedicines and Medical Cannabis Institute at Harvard.[228] In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Johnson noted his work with Harvard and the potential for plant-based medicines to ""provide an alternative to their destructive counterparts, opioids"".[229] - Johnson founded The Calvin Johnson Jr. Foundation, Inc. in 2008.[230] The foundation's goals include dedication to education, training, and social development of at-risk youth and providing financial aide to various community organizations.[231] The Foundation hosts an annual camp called Catching Dreams, which aims to help high school wide receivers.[232] - Johnson became engaged to long-time girlfriend Brittney McNorton in March 2015.[233] They were married in June 2016.[234] The couple currently resides in Detroit. He has a son, C.J., from a previous relationship.[235] - Johnson is a Christian. Johnson has a tattoo of the crucifixion of Jesus on his left arm and a Christian cross on his right arm.[236] Johnson was part of a weekly Bible study group with other Lions players.[237] - -",2023-08-26 18:34:42 -Grote rivieren - Wikipedia,"The Grote rivieren, literally translated Great (or Large) rivers, is a landform in the Netherlands. Also, the term is commonly used for a divide in Dutch culture linking to the broader Dutch-Flemish culture. - The Grote rivieren have throughout history been a dividing line across the Netherlands. At many points in time have the rivers formed a boundary between states or empires. Notable examples include the northern border of the Roman Empire in the Roman province of Germania Inferior, and the border between the Dutch Republic and Spanish and later Austrian Netherlands at various points in their contentious history. The latter of these historical examples also played a large role in the religious divide the rivers straddle. - The term Grote rivieren refers to the division of the Netherlands by the Nederrijn, Lek, Waal, Merwede and Meuse rivers, which dominate an area roughly 150 km in length from west to east and 25 km wide from north to south. The rivers form part of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta which discharges into the North Sea. The rivers are the primary distributaries of the Rhine and Meuse rivers, flowing from the Swiss Alps and the Langres plateau respectively. - The Grote rivieren are entirely navigable and serve important roles in the transport of goods in the region, as well as to areas higher upstream, such as the heavily industrialised Rhine-Ruhr area in Germany. In the Netherlands, the Port of Rotterdam, Europe's largest port, is heavily dependent on the navigability of the rivers to transport goods into the hinterland. - To aid in the transport of goods through the Great rivers, many canals have been dug to improve connectivity with nearby cities, most notably the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal, which links up the Grote rivieren with the cities of Utrecht and Amsterdam, including the Port of Amsterdam. - By use of the colloquialism above/below the great rivers the boundary created by the rivers is highlighted in a cultural sense. The major divergence here is the difference between the predominantly Protestant north and the predominantly Catholic southern provinces of North Brabant and Limburg. When the term is used in this sense, Zeeland (the islands in the south-west), being mostly protestant, is often considered above. This said, there are several catholic regions, mostly in Zeelandic Flanders. Various cultural differences are associated with this border, including dialectical differences (such as the use of the so-called Hard G in the north and the soft G in the south), and sociological ones (northerners being considered more direct, austere, and goal oriented, southerners more indirect, easy living, and status oriented). - Within the Netherlands, this cultural distinction is often considered more important than any cultural differences between the Netherlands as a whole and the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium (Flanders.[1] -The cultural divergences play a part in daily life within the Dutch-speaking region and they are factors in personal identification among its inhabitants. -",2023-08-26 18:34:46 -All Japan Federative Council of Bank Labours' Unions - Wikipedia,"The All Japan Federative Council of Bank Labours' Unions (Japanese: 全国銀行員組合連合会議, ZENGIN RENGO) is a trade union representing workers at affiliates of the Second Association of Regional Banks in Japan. - The union was founded in 1967 as the National Federation of Mutual Bank Employees' Unions,[1][2] and by 1970 it had 11,700 members.[3] It was long independent, but in 1989 it renamed itself Zengin Rengo, and became affiliated with the new Japanese Trade Union Confederation.[2] By 2020, the union had 15,008 members.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:34:49 -Fox Point Hurricane Barrier - Wikipedia,"The Fox Point Hurricane Barrier is a 3,000-foot (910 m) long tidal flood barrier spanning the Providence River in Providence, Rhode Island, located 750 feet (230 m) upstream from Fox Point. It was constructed between 1960 and 1966 to protect the low-lying downtown area of the city from damaging storm surge and floods associated with hurricanes and other major storm events. - The Fox Point Hurricane Barrier consists of five main parts: river gates, rock and earthen dikes along each shore, vehicular gates along each shore where roads pass through the dikes, canal gates at the west end of the barrier associated with the nearby electric power station, and a pumping station to control the flow of water.[1] - Since colonial times, the port of Providence, located at the head of Narragansett Bay, has been a vital part of the city's economy. Ocean-going ships regularly dock along the city's waterfront just south of downtown. During the 19th century, the city became a national leader in industrial output and trade. The downtown area is located in a shallow natural basin with an elevation of only 8–12 feet (2.4–3.7 m) above mean sea level. - In September 1938, the Great New England Hurricane slammed the coast of Southern New England, killing 250 people in the region and causing millions of dollars in damage. Downtown Providence, a bustling center of commerce, was entirely submerged under water, causing about $120 million in damage in the city alone. - Again in 1954, the area was hit by Hurricane Carol, which produced an even higher storm surge of 14.4 feet above mean sea level that resulted in water levels as high as 8 feet (2.4 m) in some parts of Downtown Providence, and resulted in over $41 million in damage.[2] - Local, state and federal officials decided to take action to prevent future devastation. Construction of the barrier was authorized in 1958 under the Flood Control Act.[3] - The $16 million wall has never seen a Category 5 hurricane, but has successfully protected the city in every instance since its construction.[4] - Constructed between 1960 and 1966 at a cost of $14 million, the barrier was the first of its type to be approved for construction in the United States.[5] - The main feature of the hurricane barrier is a group of three large movable gates which span the river, allowing boats to pass through during normal periods. Each of the three Tainter gates is 40 feet (12 m) wide and weighs 53 tons with a curved outer portion facing the tide. It takes about 30 minutes to lower each gate.[6] The relatively narrow gates prohibit large ships from passing into the inner downtown harbor as they did in the 19th century. However, modern ocean-going vessels now dock at the Port of Providence, located south of the barrier. The inner harbor is now generally occupied by only small pleasure craft during the summer months. - The majority of the hurricane barrier's length consists of a 25-foot (7.6 m) high rock and earthen dike along the low-lying areas of the waterfront within the Fox Point and Jewelry District neighborhoods of Providence. The original dike located along the eastern shore has been removed and replaced with vertical concrete walls as part of the construction of the new embankment for the Interstate 195 relocation. - Three sets of huge steel vehicular gates are located under the newly constructed portion of Interstate 195, east of the Providence River Bridge, at South Water, South Main and at Benefit Street. On the west shore, vehicular gates are located at Allens Avenue as well as on the property of the Manchester Street Power Plant. The gates are normally in the ""open"" position to allow traffic to pass through, but are closed to provide a continuous barrier during emergency events. - On the west side of the river, there are also two large canal gates, which control water used to cool the nearby Manchester Street Power Station, which is operated by Dominion Resources.[7] - The barrier also includes a pumping station, housed within a concrete and brick structure located near the western shore of the river. The pumping station contains five 4500 H.P. pumps with instantaneous starting power, and are designed to convey water from the Providence River over the barrier when the gates are closed. (Otherwise, the continuously flowing river water would have no place to go). - Each pump is about 54.7 feet (16.7 m) high and 20 feet (6.1 m) in diameter, and together they can pump 3.1 million gallons (11,735 cubic meters) per minute.[5] - Gauges inside the pumping station measure the water level inside and outside the barrier, and control the pumps, in order to maintain the water levels on either side as closely as possible. - The gate was closed during a gale on Jan. 10, 1978 preventing two feet of water from flooding downtown Providence.[8] - In 1985, the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier was utilized, sparing downtown Providence from being inundated in two feet of water from storm surge brought by Hurricane Gloria, keeping the city dry. In 1991, the Barrier spared the city from Hurricane Bob, which would have covered downtown in four feet of water. The savings has been estimated at several hundred million dollars and the project operates at a cost-benefit ratio of 2.21 to 1.[9][10] - A $3 million overhaul of the barrier's five massive pumps was completed in 2006.[7] - It is believed by witnesses, during a storm on April 18, 2007, flow from the pumps from the hurricane barrier contributed to the sinking of the Soviet submarine K-77 which was then being used as a museum.[11] - The barrier was closed on August 28, 2011, in preparation for Hurricane Irene.[12] - The barrier was closed on October 29, 2012, due to Hurricane Sandy. The water crested at 9.5 feet, the fifth highest crest on record.[13] The flood stage is 7 feet.[14] - The barrier was closed again on the morning of August 22, 2021, as Tropical Storm Henri arrived.[12] - The barrier is also routinely used to keep the river level higher during low tides, for the benefit of WaterFire events. -  WikiMiniAtlas41°48′58″N 71°24′05″W / 41.81601°N 71.40149°W / 41.81601; -71.40149 -",2023-08-26 18:34:53 -Jonathan Kashanian - Wikipedia,"Yehonatan Kashanian (born 15 January 1981), known professionally as Jonathan Kashanian, is an Israeli–Italian television personality and actor. - Kashanian was born in Ramat Gan, Israel, the son of Iranian Jewish parents, and grandson of Uzbekistani grandparents, who emigrated to Milan when he was three years old.[1] In the early 2000s he chose the path of fashion; after graduating as a designer, he worked between fashion shows and showrooms. - In 2004, on Channel 5, Kashanian participated in the fifth edition of Grande Fratello and won the reality show with 38% of the vote.[2] In 2005 he was in the jury of Sei un mito on Canale 5. - For three years (2005-08), Kashanian was a host of Modeland, a fashion segment on All Music [it]. From 2006 to 2016 he appeared on Verissimo, first as a regular guest, then later as an envoy, columnist, fashion expert, stylist and makeover designer. - In 2007 he takes part in the film by 2061: An Exceptional Year. He moved to La7 as a commentator on Pietro Chiambretti's talkshow, Markette - Tutto fa brodo in TV, which was succeeded in 2009 by Chiambretti Night [it] on Italia 1. In 2010 he participated in a cameo in the film A Natale mi sposo directed by Paolo Costella. - In 2018 he participated as a contestant in the thirteenth edition of L'isola dei famosi, hosted by Alessia Marcuzzi and aired on Canale 5, ranking fifth, being eliminated with 70% of the votes. - He is currently a radio host for RTL 102.5. - In 2022 he participated in Back to School, a program hosted by Nicola Savino on Italia 1. In the same year, he was among the jurors of Miss Italia and co-hosted the final night of Una voce per San Marino, a national final to select the Sammarinese representative at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.[3][4] -",2023-08-26 18:34:56 -2012 Women's Junior South American Volleyball Championship - Wikipedia,"The 2012 Women's Junior South American Volleyball Championship was the 21st edition of the tournament, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). It was determined February 26, 2011 the Peru would be the host.[1] The top three teams qualified for the 2013 Junior World Championship.[2] - The following national teams participated in the tournament, teams were seeded according to how they finished in the previous edition of the tournament: -  Brazil (1st) - Colombia (4th) - Argentina (5th) - Paraguay -  Peru (Host & 2nd) - Venezuela (3rd) - Chile (6th) - Uruguay (7th) - -",2023-08-26 18:35:00 -Jan Aliabad - Wikipedia,"Jan Aliabad (Persian: جانعلي اباد, also Romanized as Jān ‘Alīābād) is a village in Otaqvar Rural District, Otaqvar District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 7 families.[1] - - - This Langarud County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:35:04 -Bobby McDonagh - Wikipedia," - Bobby McDonagh (born 29 June 1954)[1] is a former Irish diplomat. - He was educated in Gonzaga College, Dublin and graduated from Balliol College, Oxford[2] with an Master of Arts (MA) (Greats/Classics). He was elected President of the Oxford Union in 1974. - He entered the Irish diplomatic service in 1977. His father, Bob McDonagh, and brother, Philip McDonagh, also served as ambassadors in the service. - He is regarded as an expert on European Union affairs, having spent 23 years of his career either in the corridors of Brussels or in the EU division of the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs. -This included periods in the Secretariat of the European Parliament, periods in the cabinets of two European Commissioners and a period (2005–2009) as the Irish Permanent Representative to the EU.[2] - He served as Director General of the EU division of the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs (2001–2005).[1] - He was Ambassador of Ireland to the United Kingdom (2009–2013), which included the period of the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Ireland.[3] - He served as Ambassador of Ireland to Italy (2013–2017) and retired in 2018.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:35:07 -"United States Post Office (Greybull, Wyoming) - Wikipedia"," - The Greybull Main Post Office in Greybull, Wyoming, was built in 1937 as part of a facilities improvement program by the United States Post Office Department. The post office in Greybull was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic study comprising twelve Wyoming post offices built to standardized USPO plans in the early twentieth century.[2] It is one of five post offices in the state with Section of Painting and Sculpture artwork, symbolizing the extensive New Deal public works and federal presence benefiting small communities.[3] - - This article about a property in Wyoming on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. -",2023-08-26 18:35:12 -A la fiesta - Wikipedia,"A la fiesta is the third single by Spanish-French eurodance band Miranda from the album Fiesta. It reached #66 on the Dutch Singles Chart. - - This 2000s French single-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This Eurodance song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:35:15 -Spider silk - Wikipedia," - Spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders. Spiders use their silk to make webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch other animals, or as nests or cocoons to protect their offspring, or to wrap up prey. They can also use their silk to suspend themselves, to float through the air, or to glide away from predators. Most spiders vary the thickness and stickiness of their silk for different uses. - In some cases, spiders may even use silk as a source of food.[1] While methods have been developed to collect silk from a spider by force,[2] it is difficult to gather silk from many spiders compared to silk-spinning organisms such as silkworms. - All spiders produce silk, and even in non-web building spiders, silk is intimately tied to courtship and mating. Silk produced by females provides a transmission channel for male vibratory courtship signals, while webs and draglines provide a substrate for female sex pheromones. Observations of male spiders producing silk during sexual interactions are also common across phylogenetically widespread taxa. However, the function of male-produced silk in mating has received very little study.[3] - All spiders produce silks, and a single spider can produce up to seven different types of silk for different uses.[4] This is in contrast to insect silks, where an individual usually only produces one type of silk.[5] Spider silks may be used in many different ecological ways, each with properties to match the silk's function. As spiders have evolved, so has their silks' complexity and diverse uses, for example from primitive tube webs 300–400 million years ago to complex orb webs 110 million years ago.[6] - Meeting the specification for all these ecological uses requires different types of silk suited to different broad properties, as either a fibre, a structure of fibres, or a silk-globule. These types include glues and fibres. Some types of fibres are used for structural support, others for constructing protective structures. Some can absorb energy effectively, whereas others transmit vibration efficiently. In a spider, these silk types are produced in different glands; so the silk from a particular gland can be linked to its use by the spider. - Each spider and each type of silk has a set of mechanical properties optimised for their biological function. - Most silks, in particular dragline silk, have exceptional mechanical properties. They exhibit a unique combination of high tensile strength and extensibility (ductility). This enables a silk fibre to absorb a large amount of energy before breaking (toughness, the area under a stress-strain curve). - A frequent mistake made in the mainstream media is to confuse strength and toughness, when comparing silk to other materials.[citation needed] Weight for weight, silk is stronger than steel, but not as strong as Kevlar. Spider silk is, however, tougher than both. - The variability of mechanical properties of spider silk fibres may be important and it is related to their degree of molecular alignment.[10] Mechanical properties depend strongly on the ambient conditions, i.e. humidity and temperature.[11] - A dragline silk's tensile strength is comparable to that of high-grade alloy steel (450−2000 MPa),[12][13] and about half as strong as aramid filaments, such as Twaron or Kevlar (3000 MPa).[14] - Consisting of mainly protein, silks are about a sixth of the density of steel (1.3 g/cm3). As a result, a strand long enough to circle the Earth would weigh about 2 kilograms (4.4 lb). (Spider dragline silk has a tensile strength of roughly 1.3 GPa. The tensile strength listed for steel might be slightly higher – e.g. 1.65 GPa,[15][16] but spider silk is a much less dense material, so that a given weight of spider silk is five times as strong as the same weight of steel.) - The energy density of dragline spider silk is roughly 1.2×108 J/m3.[17] - Silks are also extremely ductile, with some able to stretch up to five times their relaxed length without breaking. - The combination of strength and ductility gives dragline silks a very high toughness (or work to fracture), which ""equals that of commercial polyaramid (aromatic nylon) filaments, which themselves are benchmarks of modern polymer fibre technology"".[18][19] - While unlikely to be relevant in nature, dragline silks can hold their strength below -40 °C (-40 °F) and up to 220 °C (428 °F).[20] As occurs in many materials, spider silk fibres undergo a glass transition. The glass-transition temperature depends on the humidity, as water is a plasticiser for the silk.[11] - When exposed to water, dragline silks undergo supercontraction, shrinking up to 50% in length and behaving like a weak rubber under tension.[11] Many hypotheses have been suggested as to its use in nature, with the most popular being to automatically tension webs built in the night using the morning dew.[citation needed] - The toughest known spider silk is produced by the species Darwin's bark spider (Caerostris darwini): ""The toughness of forcibly silked fibers averages 350 MJ/m3, with some samples reaching 520 MJ/m3. Thus, C. darwini silk is more than twice as tough as any previously described silk, and over 10 times tougher than Kevlar"".[21] - Silk fibre is a two-compound pyriform secretion, spun into patterns (called ""attachment discs"") that are employed to adhere silk threads to various surfaces using a minimum of silk substrate.[22] The pyriform threads polymerise under ambient conditions, become functional immediately, and are usable indefinitely, remaining biodegradable, versatile and compatible with numerous other materials in the environment.[22] The adhesive and durability properties of the attachment disc are controlled by functions within the spinnerets.[23] Some adhesive properties of the silk resemble glue, consisting of microfibrils and lipid enclosures.[22] - Many species of spiders have different glands to produce silk with different properties for different purposes, including housing, web construction, defence, capturing and detaining prey, egg protection, and mobility (fine ""gossamer"" thread for ballooning, or for a strand allowing the spider to drop down as silk is extruded). Different specialised silks have evolved with properties suitable for different uses. For example, Argiope argentata has five different types of silk, each used for a different purpose:[24][25] - Silks, like many other biomaterials, have a hierarchical structure. The primary structure is the amino acid sequence of its proteins (spidroin), mainly consisting of highly repetitive glycine and alanine blocks,[26][27] which is why silks are often referred to as a block co-polymer. On a secondary structure level, the short side chained alanine is mainly found in the crystalline domains (beta sheets) of the nanofibril, glycine is mostly found in the so-called amorphous matrix consisting of helical and beta turn structures.[27][28] It is the interplay between the hard crystalline segments, and the strained elastic semi-amorphous regions, that gives spider silk its extraordinary properties.[29][30] Various compounds other than protein are used to enhance the fibre's properties. Pyrrolidine has hygroscopic properties which keeps the silk moist while also warding off ant invasion. It occurs in especially high concentration in glue threads. Potassium hydrogen phosphate releases hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, resulting in a pH of about 4, making the silk acidic and thus protecting it from fungi and bacteria that would otherwise digest the protein. Potassium nitrate is believed to prevent the protein from denaturing in the acidic milieu.[31] - This first very basic model of silk was introduced by Termonia in 1994[32] who suggested crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix interlinked with hydrogen bonds. This model has refined over the years: semi-crystalline regions were found[27] as well as a fibrillar skin core model suggested for spider silk,[33] later visualised by AFM and TEM.[34] Sizes of the nanofibrillar structure and the crystalline and semi-crystalline regions were revealed by neutron scattering.[35] - It has been possible to relate microstructural information and macroscopic mechanical properties of the fibres.[36] The results show that ordered regions (i) mainly reorient by deformation for low-stretched fibres and (ii) the fraction of ordered regions increases progressively for higher stretching of the fibres. - Schematic of the spider's orb web, structural modules, and spider silk structure.[37] On the left is shown a schematic drawing of an orb web. The red lines represent the dragline, radial line, and frame lines, the blue lines represent the spiral line, and the centre of the orb web is called the ""hub"". Sticky balls drawn in blue are made at equal intervals on the spiral line with viscous material secreted from the aggregate gland. Attachment cement secreted from the piriform gland is used to connect and fix different lines. Microscopically, the spider silk secondary structure is formed of spidroin and is said to have the structure shown on the right side. In the dragline and radial line, a crystalline β-sheet and an amorphous helical structure are interwoven. The large amount of β-spiral structure gives elastic properties to the capture part of the orb web. In the structural modules diagram, a microscopic structure of dragline and radial lines is shown, composed mainly of two proteins of MaSp1 and MaSp2, as shown in the upper central part. In the spiral line, there is no crystalline β-sheet region. - The production of silks, including spider silk, differs in an important aspect from the production of most other fibrous biological materials: rather than being continuously grown as keratin in hair, cellulose in the cell walls of plants, or even the fibres formed from the compacted faecal matter of beetles;[17] it is ""spun"" on demand from liquid silk precursor out of specialised glands.[38] - The spinning process occurs when a fibre is pulled away from the body of a spider, whether by the spider's legs, by the spider's falling under its own weight, or by any other method including being pulled by humans. The term ""spinning"" is misleading because no rotation of any component occurs, but rather comes from analogy to the textile spinning wheels. Silk production is a pultrusion,[39] similar to extrusion, with the subtlety that the force is induced by pulling at the finished fibre rather than being squeezed out of a reservoir. The unspun silk fibre is pulled through silk glands of which there may be both numerous duplicates and different types of gland on any one spider species.[38] - The gland's visible, or external, part is termed the spinneret. Depending on the complexity of the species, spiders will have two to eight spinnerets, usually in pairs. There exist highly different specialised glands in different spiders, ranging from simply a sac with an opening at one end, to the complex, multiple-section major ampullate glands of the golden silk orb-weavers.[53] - Behind each spinneret visible on the surface of the spider lies a gland, a generalised form of which is shown in the figure to the right, ""Schematic of a generalised gland"". - Throughout the process the unspun silk appears to have a nematic texture,[60] in a similar manner to a liquid crystal, arising in part due to the extremely high protein concentration of silk dope (around 30% in terms of weight per volume).[61] This allows the unspun silk to flow through the duct as a liquid but maintain a molecular order. - As an example of a complex spinning field, the spinneret apparatus of an adult Araneus diadematus (garden cross spider) consists of the glands shown below.[31] Similar multiple gland architecture exists in the black widow spider.[62] - To artificially synthesise spider silk into fibres, there are two broad areas that must be covered. These are synthesis of the feedstock (the unspun silk dope in spiders), and synthesis of the spinning conditions (the funnel, valve, tapering duct, and spigot). There have been a number of different approaches but few of these methods have produced silk that can efficiently be synthesised into fibres. - The molecular structure of unspun silk is both complex and extremely long. Though this endows the silk fibres with their desirable properties, it also makes replication of the fibre somewhat of a challenge. Various organisms have been used as a basis for attempts to replicate some components or all of some or all of the proteins involved. These proteins must then be extracted, purified and then spun before their properties can be tested. - Spider silks with comparatively simple molecular structure need complex ducts to be able to spin an effective fibre. There have been a number of methods used to produce fibres, of which the main types are briefly discussed below. - Feedstock is simply forced through a hollow needle using a syringe. This method has been shown to make fibres successfully on multiple occasions.[71][72] - Although very cheap and easy to produce, the shape and conditions of the gland are very loosely approximated. Fibres created using this method may need encouragement to change from liquid to solid by removing the water from the fibre with such chemicals as the environmentally undesirable methanol[73] or acetone,[72] and also may require post-stretching of the fibre to attain fibres with desirable properties.[74][71] - Placing a solution of spider silk on a superhydrophobic surface can generate sheets, particles and nanowires of spider silk. -[75] -[76] - Self-assembly of silk at standing liquid-gas interphases of a spider silk solution allows forming tough and strong sheets. These sheets are now explored for mimicking of the basal membrane in tissue modeling. -[77] -[78] - As the field of microfluidics matures, it is likely that more attempts to spin fibres will be made using microfluidics. These have the advantage of being very controllable and able to test spin very small volumes of unspun fibre[79][80] but setup and development costs are likely to be high. A patent has been granted in this area for spinning fibres in a method mimicking the process found in nature, and fibres are successfully being continuously spun by a commercial company.[81] - Electrospinning is a very old technique whereby a fluid is held in a container in a manner such that it is able to flow out through capillary action. A conducting substrate is positioned below, and a large difference in electrical potential is applied between the fluid and the substrate. The fluid is attracted to the substrate, and tiny fibres jump almost instantly from their point of emission, the Taylor cone, to the substrate, drying as they travel. This method has been shown to create nano-scale fibres from both silk dissected from organisms and regenerated silk fibroin. - Silk can be formed into other shapes and sizes such as spherical capsules for drug delivery, cell scaffolds and wound healing, textiles, cosmetics, coatings, and many others.[82][83] Spider silk proteins can also self-assemble on superhydrophobic surfaces to generate nanowires, as well as micron-sized circular sheets.[83] It has recently been shown that recombinant spider silk proteins can self-assemble at the liquid air interface of a standing solution to form protein permeable, strong, and flexible nanomembranes that support cell proliferation. Suggested applications include skin transplants, and supportive membranes in organ-on-a-chip.[84] These spider silk nanomembranes have also been used to create a static in-vitro model of a blood vessel.[85] - Replicating the complex conditions required to produce fibres that are comparable to spider silk has proven difficult in research and early-stage manufacturing. Through genetic engineering, Escherichia coli bacteria, yeasts, plants, silkworms, and animals other than silkworms have been used to produce spider silk proteins, which have different, simpler characteristics than those from a spider.[86] Extrusion of protein fibres in an aqueous environment is known as ""wet-spinning"". This process has so far produced silk fibres of diameters ranging from 10 to 60 μm, compared to diameters of 2.5–4 μm for natural spider silk. Artificial spider silks have fewer and simpler proteins than natural dragline silk, and are consequently half the diameter, strength, and flexibility of natural dragline silk.[86] - Due to spider silk being a scientific research field with a long and rich history, there can be unfortunate occurrences of researchers independently rediscovering previously published findings. What follows is a table of the discoveries made in each of the constituent areas, acknowledged by the scientific community as being relevant and significant by using the metric of scientific acceptance, citations. Thus, only papers with 50 or more citations are included. - The earliest recorded attempt to weave fabric from spider silk was conducted in 1709 by François Xavier Bon who, using a process similar to creating silkworm silk, wove silk derived spider's egg cocoons into three pairs of stockings and gloves. Fifty years later the Spanish Jesuit missionary Ramón M. Termeyer [pl], invented a reeling device for harvesting spider's silk directly from a spider's body, allowing it to be spun into threads. Neither Bon nor Termeyer were successful in producing spider's silk in commercially viable quantities.[117] - The development of methods to mass-produce spider silk has led to manufacturing of military, medical and consumer goods, such as ballistics armour, athletic footwear, personal care products, breast implant and catheter coatings, mechanical insulin pumps, fashion clothing, and outerwear.[86] However, due to the difficulties in extracting and processing substantial amounts of spider silk, the largest known piece of cloth made of spider silk is an 11-by-4-foot (3.4 by 1.2 m) textile with a golden tint made in Madagascar in 2009.[118] Eighty-two people worked for four years to collect over one million golden orb spiders and extract silk from them.[119] In 2012, spider silk fibres were used to create a set of violin strings.[120] - Peasants in the southern Carpathian Mountains used to cut up tubes built by Atypus and cover wounds with the inner lining. It reportedly facilitated healing, and even connected with the skin. This is believed to be due to antiseptic properties of spider silk[121] and because the silk is rich in vitamin K, which can be effective in clotting blood.[122][verify] The silk of Nephila clavipes was used in research concerning mammalian neuronal regeneration.[123] - Spider silk has been used as a thread for crosshairs in optical instruments such as telescopes, microscopes,[124] and telescopic rifle sights.[125] In 2011, spider silk fibres were used in the field of optics to generate very fine diffraction patterns over N-slit interferometric signals used in optical communications.[126] Spider silk has been used to create biolenses that could be used in conjunction with lasers to create high-resolution images of the inside of the human body.[127] - Spider silk has been used to suspend inertial confinement fusion targets during laser ignition, as it remains considerably elastic and has a high energy to break at temperatures as low as 10–20 K. In addition, it is made from ""light"" atomic number elements that won't emit x-rays during irradiation that could preheat the target so that the pressure differential required for fusion is not achieved.[128] -",2023-08-26 18:35:20 -John C. Hutsinpiller - Wikipedia,"John C. Hutsinpiller (11 December 1840 – 20 June 1927) was a Republican politician from Gallia County, Ohio, United States who served in the Ohio State Senate 1894 to 1898, and was President of the Senate 1896 to 1898. - John C. Hutsinpiller was born in Gallia County, Ohio, on December 11, 1840. He lived on a farm until the American Civil War broke out.[1][2] He enlisted in the 117th Ohio Infantry on August 12, 1862[1] or August 19, 1862.[2] This regiment became the First Ohio Heavy Artillery. He mustered out July 25, 1865.[1][2] - Hutsinpiller took a course at Nelson's Business College, and started a furniture manufacturing business in Cincinnati, Ohio. He moved the business to Gallipolis, Gallia County in 1868, known as the Fuller & Hutsinpiller Company.[2] - He was appointed a trustee of the Athens State Asylum by Ohio Governor Foraker, and was re-appointed by Governors Campbell and McKinley.[1][2] - In 1893, Hutsinpiller was nominated by the Republicans for the eighth district of the Ohio State Senate, and was elected by a majority of 11,720.[2] He was re-elected in 1895, and was selected as president pro tem in the 72nd General Assembly, 1896-1898.[1] - Hutsinpiller was married to Mary S. Stewart in 1873. They had two children. He died June 20, 1927, at Gallipolis, and is buried at Mound Hill Cemetery. He was a Methodist and Mason. -",2023-08-26 18:35:23 -Salomon Drejer - Wikipedia,"Salomon Thomas Nicolai Drejer (15 February 1813 in Eveldrup, Viborg – 21 April 1842 in Copenhagen) was a Danish botanist. He was a friend of Japetus Steenstrup. - He was recognized as an expert on sedges, being credited with describing numerous species within the genus Carex.[1] Together with Jens Vahl and Joakim Frederik Schouw, Salomon Drejer was the publisher of Flora Danica fasc. 38. - Two plant genera have been named in his honour: - This article about a Danish botanist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:35:27 -Nha San Collective - Wikipedia," - Nha San Collective is the first and longest-running, non-profit, artist-run space for experimental art that was realized in the political scene in Vietnam. It has been a pioneer in facilitating an experimental art movement and in promoting contemporary culture. - In 1998, artist or curator Tran Luong and artist Nguyen Manh Duc founded Nhà Sàn Studio, the first experimental art space in Hanoi at Nguyen Manh Duc's own home: Muong ethnic minority house on wooden stilts.[1] - Nha San studio nurtured the first generation of Vietnamese avant-garde artists emergent in the early 1990s, including Truong Tan, Tran Luong, Nguyen Van Cuong, Nguyen Minh Thanh, Nguyen Quang Huy, Ea Sola, and Kim Ngoc. It has also become a valuable resource for a younger generation of artists, including Nguyen Trinh Thi, Nguyen Phuong Linh, Nguyen Huy An, Tuan Mami the Appendix, Nguyen Tran Nam, etc. to continue developing their own cultural scene. Nhà Sàn Studio has proved to be a near-perfect place to host underground alternative art exhibitions and events in the local scene.[2] - Following the spirit of artistic creativity and contemporary culture, the young generation of artists from Nha San Studio in 2013 decided to form 'Nhà Sàn Collective', continuing the mission of Nha San Studio to build a stable structure for contemporary art to grow in the restrictive cultural and political environment of the local scene.[3] Just as Nha San Studio before, Nha San Collective is still a place for experimental art, but under a more open approach, where everybody can come to work and exchange knowledge with each other.[4] - Nha San offers Vietnamese artists the chance to create, exhibit and respond to work. In a socio-political environment where experimental art can be a risky endeavor, Nha San provides the crucial space needed for developing artistic practices, sharing experiences – both invigorating and engendering an artistic community that is hungry for change. It provides Vietnamese artists with the opportunity to collaborate with international artists creating a cultural exchange, and networks to develop, and learn from the world beyond the country's border. Since 1998, Nha San has hosted many exhibitions, open studios, workshops, lectures, and talks of local and international artists/ curators. Some highlight events such as: Asia Window 2002, Emerging artist program every year, IN:ACT international performance art event, Skylines With People 2012...[5] - When Nguyen Manh Duc browsing through the exhibition named Khởi Thủy (The beginning) in St. Joseph's Cathedral's neighborhood in Hanoi by Tran Luong, he knew that this new art form could leave a more profound impact on the spectators. It could facilitate stronger and more direct communication between the artist and the public. He realized that the thoughts and imagination weren't limited to an existing framework. At the time, visual arts were limited to the canvas frame, as the Vietnamese art scene was heading towards a deadlock. Arts in Vietnam were very much commercialized. Artists developed and became famous through the means of selling their paintings, and competition was measured by who made their works more sellable. So Nguyen Manh Duc and Tran Luong, worked together on making Nha San Studio possible. Physical space was the foundation, so that they could turn ideas into reality. Nha San Duc, and later renamed as Nha San Studio in 1998, was born out of that need.[6] - In 1998, a lot of artists gathered here: the young, the mid-career ones, classical artists, and many others. And on the opening of an exhibition, Tran Luong stood up and announced that this space – Nha San Studio – was open for all artists. Nha San's activities were not limited to fine arts. It was truly a place for all kinds of artists. - At that time Nha San was considered a center for contemporary arts in Hanoi. Here, the artists who wanted to realize their passions, or to venture with their newly explored ideas, they felt more comfortable and more welcomed, as an artistic space for artists to engage in interdisciplinary and experimental ways of art making. When an artist wants to create an installation to challenge himself, then he can use the space at Nha San for his experimentation. Nha San, in essence, was more like a working studio, dynamic exhibition space, acting as an underground conduit for Hanoi's contemporary art scene, connecting artists to opportunities for an exchange abroad to exhibit and partake in residency programs.[7] - Nha San supported the development of the first generation of contemporary artists in Vietnam, but in 2010 it was forced to close. During the IN:ACT festival, one of the artists created a performance where she was entirely naked in public. pictures of the performance were carelessly publicized, without any background information or explanation. It generated an enormous scandal that was broadcast on television, written about in magazines, and even worse, it attracted pornography sites. Media scrutiny turned to the political shutdown of all of Nhà Sàn's exhibition activities. -But still, Nhà Sàn artists tried to adapt their creative process and found other ways to continue working, realizing the role of an alternative art space while providing important individual and collective support to the artistic practices of their peers. The young generation artists formed Nhà Sàn Collective. the place has changed, but the group has stayed the same.[8] - There are two parts to the term ""Nha San Collective"". Collective means a group, and Nha San represents a group of artists who together built Nha San Studio originally. They are a group of 10 younger artists and together with the older generations, sharing the studio – working space with each other. - As there is not yet any course on contemporary art of curatorial practice in Vietnam, none amongst the first generation of Nha San artists were trained to be art managers or curators. They all picked things up along the way, did all the things that needed to be done to support their work. Nha San Collective has marked a new development as young artists were now organisers and curators themselves. The young artists who have grown up in a modern time. They've made an impact on the creative environment and expanded it as well. - Nha San artist/curator Nguyen Phuong Linh said: ""A physical space is essential, but is not too important to influence our way, our society of art. We have here a legacy, a name, a history of 15 years. When the people look at Nha San, they would not see it as an academy, but an art center. So now, if there is no more a physical place of Nha San, the spirit, identity and artists of Nha San still exist out there.""[9] - In 2013, Nhà Sàn opened in an abandoned medicine factory in Zone 9 of Hanoi.[10] After 'Skylines with flying people' – though a highly experimental and considerably interactive project, the space still belonged to Japan Foundation. Therefore, the Collective artists were anxious about having a new space. They shared their thoughts with other artists in finding another location, somewhere to keep their activities going on. - At the end of April 2013, the Collectives found out about National Medicine Factory No. 2 at number 9 Tran Thanh Tong, which were open for rental after being abandoned for 2,3 years. So they decided to rent a space of 150m2, and together turned it into it a working factory and an exhibition space. Started from zero, building up from scratch, setting up the space, programming, deciding which artists -to invite, finalizing the working plan for all the artists in one year.[11] Nha San Collective was also keen to find and nurture young people who have a passion for experimental art, organizing workshops for emerging artists with constructive critique. - As Nha San developed beyond the traditional operational model, aimed to pursue the path towards multi platforms and internationally engaged artistic activities. However, they have faced a lot of challenges, in terms of techniques, theories, infrastructure, as well as social acceptance. The artists here still have to select and organize art events by themselves. They are the ones who understand clearly what difficulties they have to face, and what kind of help they need.[12] It would take a long time to change these conditions in Vietnam. Over the course of six months at Zone 9, Nha San Collective organized 2 festivals, 11 exhibitions, 13 times of open studios and 2 festivals. - All the programs had been planned and were gradually operating. But suddenly there was a fire accident which killed 6 people. This accident led directly to the closing of Zone 9 which forced everybody to get out of this space in December 2013.[13] - Nhà Sàn is confronted with the difficulties of being a non-commercial art spaces, lack of funding and a supporting legal system. Despite these challenges, its artists show how creatively prolific they can be. After Zone 9, Nha San Collective moved to 24 Ly Quoc Su, in the middle of Hanoi old quarter. In celebration of the new space, Nha San organized the group exhibition ""The Clouds Will Tell,"" -showcasing the works of young artists from the Collective and other collaborators.[14] Nha San Collective since then has continued to organize a variety of events, such as workshops, open studios, artist talks, screenings, exhibitions and more. - In August 2015, Nhà Sàn Collective moved to a new space located in the cultural complex of Hanoi Creative City. The opening event was the interactive exhibition ""from.to."" live-streamed videos of durational performances.[15] While an actual space is necessary to the many layers of the Collective's practices, they have learned to adapt. Nhà Sàn artist has formed themselves into a band of nomadic creative practitioners - Nguyen Phuong Linh was born and raised at Nha San studio – the first non-profit studio for experimental art in Vietnam, and perhaps the most prominent art space in Hanoi. Linh has been absorbed in an artistic environment by living among and working with many of the respected contemporary artists of the Vietnamese art scene. She has demonstrated a deep understanding and involvement in the local art community both as an artist and an art organizer.[16] - Phuong Linh's works are sensual, poetic, fragmented, humble and exalted. Her work contemplates upon the visible/invisible truth, form and time and conveys pervasive sense of dislocation. They concern stories that had been forgotten or buried or things that are so insignificant that they never reach our subconscious.[17] - Linh has participated in various exhibitions and art projects in Vietnam, countries in Asia, Europe as well as US, such as Japan, Korea, India, China, Germany, England, France, and Italy. In 2009, she exhibited the first solo exhibition Salt at Galerie Quynh Vietnam. In 2011, Linh participated in 11th Winds of Artist in Residence at Fukuoka Asian Art Museum with a solo exhibition Dust. In 2012 she presented project Home in the exhibition Hinterlands at the Luggage Store Gallery in San Francisco, USA. In 2013, she participated in the large exhibition HIWAR, 25th anniversary of Darat Al Funnun in Amman, Jordan[18] - Since 2010, Linh organized and curated programs at Nha San. She found and organized IN:ACT, the annual international performance art festival in Hanoi. In 2012, she organized Skylines With Flying People, one of the most ambitious contemporary art events in Vietnam in the last decade with local and international artists and curators from Vietnam, Japan, Germany, US, Serbia, Shanghai, and Korea at Japan Foundation, Nha San Studio, Goethe Institute, Manzi Art Space and many public sites in Hanoi. In 2013, together with her colleague Tuan Mami, Linh co-found Nha San COLLECTIVE, a group of young experimental artists.[8] - Nguyen Manh Hung is a contemporary artist and experimental musician. As an artist, Hung is known for bringing a fresh, original perspective to the visual arts in Vietnam, with an extensive body of work including paintings, sculptures, digital images, installations and performances. Born in 1976 and raised and educated in Hanoi, Nguyen makes art that reflects the comical situations arising from the rapid yet piecemeal processes of domestic urbanization and modernization. As a multi-disciplinary artist, he is equally at ease painting as he is creating large-scale installations or exploring performance art. Nguyen's particular realist style encompasses a distinctive sense of playfulness and humour that sets him apart from previous generations of artists. As the son of a fighter jet pilot, he draws on the personal in his paintings of aircraft. Depicting military planes laden down with oversized grocery items, or else soaring across the sky with bushels from the rice harvest, Hung's surreal scenes humorously morph a symbol of destruction with conduits of hope, benevolence and joy.[19] - Hung has also done the curatorial works at Nha San Studio from 2008 to 2011.[20] As one of Vietnam's most recognized emerging artists, Nguyen Manh Hung has gained increased international attention in recent years. His work was featured in the 7th Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art at the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art in Brisbane, Australia. Notable regional and international exhibitions include 'One Planet' at Galerie Quynh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (2013); 'Living together in paradise' at the Goethe-Institut, Hanoi, Vietnam (2011); 'Tam Ta' at San Art, Ho Chi Minh City (2010); 'Connect: Kunstzene Vietnam' presented by ifa Galleries, Berlin and Stuttgart (2009); 'Lim Dim: Young Vietnamese Artists' at Stenersenmuseet, Oslo (2009); 'transPOP: Korea Vietnam Remix' at ARKO Art Center, Seoul, and Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco (2007–2008); and 'Thermocline of Art. New Asian Waves' presented by ZKM Center for Art and Media, Karlsruhe, Germany (2007). In 2014, he was an artist-in-residence at Musee D’Art Contemporain Du Val-de-Marne (MAC/VAL) in France.[21] - Tuan Mami (born 1981, Hanoi) graduated from Hanoi Fine Art University in 2006. Other than being as a creator, he has founded MAC-Hanoi, a Mobile Art Center (2012); Being Co-founder and creative manager of Nha San Collective Art Space in Hanoi since 2013; and Visiting Faculty at San Francisco Art Institute in 2013. Aptly nicknamed Mami, a playful slang word for hustler, Mami is constantly exploring new mediums and methods of expression. Tuan Mami burst into the international art scene for his daring, and increasingly meditative experimentations with installation, video, performance and conceptual art.[22] - In recent years he has begun explorations of interdisciplinary body of work in both private and public places. His works often base on site-specific and re-constructional concept to deal with questions about life, meaning and social interactions between people which re-construct situation into one that engage people or objects from particular reality to enter and involve with the artist in a social process.[23] - He has been recognized for his provocative public performances; site-specific, reconstructional concept's works both within Asia and Europe. He was included in the critically acclaimed exhibition Skyline with Flying People, at the Japan Foundation in Hanoi (2012). He is a recipient of numerous residencies, including San-Art Laboratory in HCMC, Vietnam; Hoyoong performing arts center in South Korea; Tokyo Wonder Site, Tokyo, Japan; The Asia-Europe Art Camp, Casino Luxembourg 2009, and Shanghai, China 2010. Recently he participated in number of internationally art exhibitions include: Pharmacide project traveling between Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and France 2012; A Crossroads at Institute of Contemporary art Singapore 2011.[24] - Nguyen Trinh Thi is a Hanoi-based independent filmmaker and video artist. She studied journalism and photography at the University of Iowa; and international studies and ethnographic film at University of California, San Diego. Her documentary and experimental films have been screened at international festivals and art exhibitions including Oberhausen International Film Festival; Bangkok Experimental Film Festival; Artist Films International; Summer Exhibition 2011, DEN FRIE Centre of Contemporary Art, Copenhagen; Unsubtitled, solo video installation, Nha San Studio, Hanoi; 'PLUS/ Memories and Beyond – 10 Solo Exhibitions by 10 Asian Artists', Kuandu Biennale, Taipei; 'No Soul For Sale 2', Tate Modern, London; and at ZKM Karlsruhe.[25] - Nguyen Trinh Thi founded and directs Hanoi Doclab, a center for documentary filmmaking and video art in Hanoi, in 2009. She has been the main instructor for film-making courses at Doclab for the last three years.[26] Nguyen's works have been screened widely at international festivals and art exhibitions including the Singapore Biennale (2013), Oberhausen International Film Festival, Oberhausen, Germany (2011, 2012); and No Soul For Sale 2 at the Tate Modern, London (2010). In 2009 she founded and still directs Hanoi Doclab, a centre for documentary filmmaking and video art in Hanoi. In 2015 she will be an artist-in-residence at DAAD, Berlin. - Born in 1982 in Hanoi and graduated from the Fine Art University in 2008, Nguyen Huy An is considered the most dynamic and innovative artists of his generation. Huy An's work has been a process of trying to dig into the darkness of psychology. Most of these projects have been underlaid with an obsession with memory, with the complexities of a pessimistic perspective.[27] - From installations, performance art to paintings and sculptures, Huy An's works are highly acclaimed by international art critics and curators for their introspective, simple and strong concepts. His personality is reflected in his work.[28] He has appeared, either solo or with the performance art group Phu Luc (Appendix) – which he co-founded in 2010 – in performance art festivals in Vietnam, Japan and Singapore and in important exhibitions such as LIMDIM in Oslo, Norway, Sounds of Dust in 943 Studio Kunming, China and the unprecedented multi-disciplinary exhibition 'Skylines with Flying People' in Hanoi in 2012.[29] - Huy An has participated in a number of exhibitions and performance art festivals including 78 rhythms, Galerie Quynh, Vietnam (2014) and Skylines with Flying People 3 at MoT+++, Vietnam (2016); Disrupted Choreographies, Carré d'Art – Musée d'Art Contemporain, Nîmes, France (2014); If The World Changed, Singapore Biennale (2013); Sounds of dust (somniloquy), 943 Studio Kunming, China (2011)...[30] - Vu Duc Toan graduated from Vietnam Fine Art University in 2007. Duc Toan is known for his quiet, thoughtful and metaphoric style of performance. In 2010 Toan found Appendix, a performance collective with 5 other artist friends.[29] -Vu Duc Toan is an emerging artist and an independent art critic and was featured on the first bilingual publication about the contemporary artist Vietnam under the name ""12 contemporary artists Vietnam""[31] - His works are often based on the simple concept but open to interpretation, focusing on social issues and concerned about the gap between the performance artist and the audience. The participation of the audience is the factor which makes his performances different from other young performance artists in Vietnam. In a workshop in Singapore, Toan asked the audience to chew gum, then he went around to collect the gum and put them back into his mouth. In another work in performing arts festival Sneaky Week (2007), Toan did a performance about bribery, simultaneously challenging the everyday behavior of humans and the conventional thinking of us on consumerism by giving money in an envelope and put the envelope to the seller any items he had bought in the day (be it a breakfast, brush or a sachet) - He participated in various exhibitions, performance art festival in Vietnam and countries in Asia, such as Japan, Korea, China, Cambodia, Singapore...[32] -Vu Duc Toan writes and edits for Fine Art Association and Fine Art Magazine since 2005. - A university dropout, Phung Tien Son wanted to escape the confinement of the rigid and outdated Vietnamese education system to pursue a more experimental and liberal approach to art-making.[33] War, heavy metal rock ’n’ roll, the history of Vietnam – these cover some of the main themes in Tien Son's practice, currently experimented by the artist using various new media means including sound, computer-generated drawing, GPS and Google mapping. Focusing on the undocumented and unannounced war fought at the borders between Vietnam and China in 1979, Tien Son hopes to further explore and shed some light on the ambiguous centuries-long history and relationship between the two Communist neighbours. Although this short but bloody episode – today known as the Third Indochina War – claimed tens of thousands of lives in the space of less than one month, state media on both sides have remained quite despite the mutual tensions which have been flaring in the subsequent years up until now over border disputes and other political problems.[34] His work Soundtracks was exhibited at MoT+++ in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from February to April 2019.[citation needed] - Nguyen Tran Nam was born in 1979 in Hung Yen and graduated from University of Fine Arts in 2003. Nguyen Tran Nam is known for working with a variety of media, such as installation and sculpture as well as performance art. The artist is concerned with the relationship between man and nature, using this theme throughout his body of work.[35] - Tran Nam is a multi-disciplinary artist who explores through his works an interrogation into the human psyche and modes of behaviour and interaction. Nguyen's works often employ humour as a tool to further expound on the reciprocal influence between human and nature. Selected exhibitions include 'Hinterland', Luggage Store Gallery, San Francisco (2012); 'Gap', Nha San Studio, Hanoi, Vietnam (2010); 'Indefinitely', Ryllega Gallery, Hanoi, Vietnam (2008).[36] - Nguyen Tran Nam's works have many concerns about the feeling of the relationship among human. Nam often uses his own feelings and experience to form his works. His works – being quite pessimistic and cynical – concern with the feelings about relationships between human. He uses his feelings and experiences of his own to form his works. In his recent works, Nam tends to take interest in the dark, hidden and forgotten fraction between the past and presence, faith and retribution, and random tales that hold memory as well as history.[37] - Ban Ga graduated from Vietnam University of Fine Arts. He co-founded the Hanoi Link,[38] a group of video artists. Ban Ga also experiments with a combination of different formats in artmaking and performance art in a very honest way. In his latest work of ""Salted"" he stood at beach front for hours as the tide slowly came in, in a very silent way, relating about the connection between the land and the existence of a person.[39] Through his works, Ban Ga shares his passion in collecting the moments of memory and nostalgia. He currently works at Doclab center, documentaries and video art at the Goethe Institute in Hanoi. - Nguyen Quoc Thanh is a Hanoi-based photographer, graduated from the Warsaw University Poland. He co-coordinates and co-organizes ""Five Flavours Film Festival"" annually in Warsaw since 2007. He is also the director of Queer Forever! festival.[40] - Ta Minh Duc was born in 1991, lives and works in Hanoi. He graduated from Hanoi Academy of Theater and Cinema in 2014. Duc wrote and directed his own films. His works questions ""existence"", expresses skepticism about the relationships in our life, the isolation of human and latent violence. Some of Duc's notable recent projects include: Mini DOCFEST of documentary and experimental films at the Goethe Institute Hanoi in 2014; sound and video installation exhibition ‘Nho va Min’, Nha San Studio in 2014; ‘Autopsy of the Day’ photography exhibition at the Goethe Institute Hanoi, 2012. Duc's film was also screened at the mobile gallery ‘Escape Mobile Gallery’ held by artist Nguyen Tran Nam for ‘Sky lines with flying people’ in Japan Foundation Hanoi, 2012. - Truong Que Chi is a filmmaker, artist based in Hanoi. She graduated with a master's degree in Film Studies from the University of Paris II Nouvelle Sorbonne. She is a visual artist, film maker. She's the curator of Skylines with Flying People 2015. Through curatorial practices, writings, as well as participation in education, Chi explores Vietnamese landscape of contemporary creative practices. Her works examines the spectacle of the everyday violence in Vietnam.[41] - Nguyen Thuy Tien lives and works in HAnoi, Vietnam. She started experimenting with contemporary art in the late months of 2013. She works with various media in visual art, particularly conceptual photography, video art and performance art. Thuy-Tien recently participated in her first residency in Cambodia, November 2013. She also took part in some local and Asian exhibitions and film festivals, including When Time Stand Still (Hanoi), Autospy of days (Hanoi), Deconstructing Memories (Hanoi), Angkor Photo Showcase (Cambodia), I Love My City (Saigon), INACT international performance festival and +15 year Anniversary of Nhasan Studio – performance component; Art residency at San Art, Ha Chi Minh City, Vietnam [42] - Most contemporary artists are taking courses at the School of Fine Arts of Vietnam, created in the 1920s by the French, but the ""Fine Arts"" only teach traditional techniques and do not offer courses to contemporary art. Contemporary artists from here are so often self-taught.[12] Therefore, curators of local contemporary art scene is neither professional nor really truly international. With Nha San Collective is trying change that gives and also we have established educational programs for the young generation. They invite curators and artists from all backgrounds come to give lectures and workshops with Vietnamese artists.[43] - Nha San also focuses on searching, nurturing and supporting young artists, art students, or audiences who are passionate about the arts and want to engage more deeply through open calls, volunteering programs, regular training workshops, and opportunities for having open studios or critique sessions.[44] - Despite having a late start, Vietnamese contemporary art cannot be separated from the general context of the global art scene. Until today, Nha San Studio (now has become Nha San Collective) has been a bridge for domestic and international art exchange events. Activities such as joint exhibitions, workshops, and seminars provide opportunities for sharing experiences, knowledge, and encouraging artistic practice between artists in many different social, economic and political contexts. It helps building the image of Vietnam as a country of creativity, also, helps Vietnam updating and catching up with the development of the art world.[45] The local partners of Nha San Collective include Hanoi Creative City, Goethe Institut, Manzi Art Space, Japan Foundation, Korean Center, Chula, Laca, Art Vietnam Gallery etc. Also Nha San Collective is in the process of building relationships with universities (University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi University of Culture etc.) and the Museums (National History Museum, Art Museum). -",2023-08-26 18:35:32 -Banjos (fish) - Wikipedia," - see text - Banjos is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, the only genus in the monotypic family Banjosidae, part of the perciform superfamily Percoidea[4] They are native to the western Indian and the Atlantic coasts of Africa.[5] and is made up of the three species of banjofishes.[5] - Banjos has three species currently recognised species:[5][3] -",2023-08-26 18:35:36 -Canestrato - Wikipedia,"Canestrato is a hard cheese from the Italian regions of Basilicata, Apulia, Sicily, and Abruzzo, made from a mixture of sheep milk and goat milk. It is listed on the Ark of Taste. The cheese is typical in Basilicata. It is also a specialty of Castel del Monte, Abruzzo.[1] The Apulian variety is made using Lactobacillus brevis. - Canestrato varietals include: -",2023-08-26 18:35:40 -Max Leroy Davis - Wikipedia," - Maxwell Leroy Davis AM (born 16 August 1945) is the Roman Catholic bishop of the Catholic Military Ordinariate of Australia.[1] - Davis grew up in Perth. In his late teens, he served in the Royal Australian Navy in 1962–1964. He returned to Western Australia. Davis worked as a teacher at Saint Benedict's College in New Norcia in the late 1960s.[2] He was ordained in 1971. He worked as a chaplain in the Army reserves and as a priest in the Archdiocese of Perth.[3] - Davis was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1998 for service to the navy, particularly as Director General of Chaplaincy-Navy.[4] - On 16 July 2003 Davis was appointed bishop of the Australian Military Ordinariate. He was consecrated bishop on 22 August 2003 by Bishop Geoffrey Mayne with Archbishop Francis Patrick Carroll of Canberra and Goulburn and Archbishop Francesco Canalini, Apostolic Nuncio to Australia as co-consecratirs.[5] - In June 2014, Western Australian police charged Davis with having indecently assaulted a 13-year-old boy in 1969, before he had been ordained. Davis denied the charges and stood aside from his roles of office while the charges were heard.[6] On 7 August 2015, he pleaded not guilty, and a six-day trial was set down to start on 6 February 2016 in the District Court of Western Australia.[2] The six counts related to the period between December 1968 and October 1972 when Davis was dorm master at St Benedict's College at New Norcia. The Defence case accepted that the boys were abused, but denied that Davis was the culprit, identifying other (now dead) possible offenders.[7] He was acquitted of all charges on 15 February 2016. He returned to public ministry in December 2017. [8][1] - Pope Francis accepted his resignation on 24 May 2021.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:35:45 -Aeglagh Vannin - Wikipedia," - Aeglagh Vannin (""the Youth of Mann"" in Manx Gaelic)[1] was a youth group in the Isle of Man whose purpose was the engagement with and revitalisation of Manx language, history and culture. It was established by Mona Douglas in 1931, went through a number of mutations, and faded out in the 1970s. It is best remembered for its central role in the revival of Manx folk dancing. - In 1929 the English Folk Dance Society held its Easter Vacation School at Douglas in the Isle of Man. The Society asked Mona Douglas, a leading authority on Manx culture, to deliver a talk on local folk song during their stay. It had been assumed that no Manx folk dances had survived into the modern day, but Douglas was able to utilise some of the notes that she had taken earlier in her life in order to reconstruct three Manx dances into a form fit to be performed: ‘The Manx Dirk Dance’, ‘Hyndaa yn Bwoailley’ and ‘Eunyssagh Vona’.[2] She then enlisted the help of Mr J.Q. Killey and Philip Leighton Stowell at Albert Road School in Ramsey in order to train a group of children to perform the dances for the Society.[3] - The reconstructed dances proved to be a great success, resulting in an invitation for one of the boys, Billy Caine, to perform the subsequently controversial Manx Dirk Dance at the All-England Festival at the Royal Albert Hall the following summer. Douglas was later to report that, ""The Ramsey schoolboy and his wonderful dance were the sensation of the Festival, and received special notices in all the big London papers.""[3] Children from the school were also invited to perform other Manx dances at the festival in the following years. - Although delighted with the success of the Manx dances amongst the English Folk Dance Society, Douglas saw the ultimate aim to lie not in the mere preservation of the dances but in a revival of their performance amongst the people of the Isle of Man:[3] - ""I am pleased that the English Folk Dance Society finds them interesting, and grateful for the help and encouragement given me by certain of its members, but the main point of my work will have been missed unless the Manx themselves claim and use their heritage of national dance, which is truly a part of national culture as its music or history."" - Inspired by the work of Maud Gonne in Ireland and Urdd Gobaith Cymru in Wales, as well as Ny Maninee Aegey ('The Young Manx') which was founded at around the turn of the century by Douglas' friend and mentor, Sophia Morrison, Douglas concentrated her attention on the young for the revitalisation of Manx culture through the establishment of Aeglagh Vannin.[1][4] - Aeglagh Vannin was founded in Douglas on 1 August 1931.[5] The central importance of youth and also the nationalist agenda at the heart of the organisation was evident in their motto: Piatchyn jiu, ashoon mairagh -(Children today, a nation tomorrow).[6] - Although the organisation was concerned with creating a sense of national identity and cultural pride, it was not overtly political. Mona Douglas explained in the one edition of the organisation's journal, Yn Lior Aeglagh Vannin: ""The movement is cultural, not political, because we believe that nationalism is higher than politics.""[7] - Aeglagh Vannin's founding principles were:[1] - Douglas explained these principles in 1932:[7] - ""[...] at present politics are not for us of the Aeglagh. We want to learn, and to help others to learn, the neglected language and traditions of our country. We want to preserve the beauty of the land. We want to create a new national art and music and literature and drama, built on tradition and racial foundations. And above all, we want so to inspire with these ideals the children who are growing up around us that they may be ready presently to carry on the work further than we ourselves can hope to do."" - The organisation met after school weekly, ""for the study of Celtic literature and Manx traditional dance.""[3] Also covered in their meetings were Manx history, language, folklore and song. A curious addition to the activities of the organisation was fencing, explained by a later cultural historian as being ""to keep the boys' interest, as well as to prepare young people 'to defend the Manx nation'!""[1] - By 1932 there were 93 members of Aeglagh Vannin, located both on and off the Isle of Man. However, Douglas was keen to gain more, writing in Yn Lior Aeglagh Vannin for more volunteers in the mold of those they had already:[7] - “Which of us, walking the streets of Douglas or travelling over the mountains or watching the tossing sea, has not felt at some time that behind this dear visible land of ours, shining through it, there is strange, intangible, living power, part of our very selves, to which we owe service and allegiance. Some of us have already answered that demand, and Aeglagh Vannin is one result of that answer.” - In 1934 Mona Douglas composed an anthem for Aeglagh Vannin which demonstrates her belief in a form of Celtic Mysticism:[8] - Aelagh Vannin visited England and Ireland numerous times in order to perform their Manx dances for other folk dance groups. They also made several trips to Dublin in order to be recorded for Irish television and radio.[1] The children organised fundraising activities such as chopping firewood or making and selling toffee in order to cover their expenses.[9] - By the 1950s the membership of the only functioning part of Aeglagh Vannin had matured to be entirely made up of adults. In an attempt to revitalise activities amongst the original target youth audience, a new section was created in 1957 under the name, Aeglagh Beg ('little youth').[10] By 1959 this section had grown in strength sufficiently for the adult section to step aside to change their name to Caarjyn Vannin ('friends of Man') and enable the youth section to reclaim the original name of Aeglagh Vannin.[10][11] - Mona Douglas's involvement in the organisation ceased in 1976 when she was 78. The organisation petered out some time after this.[12] - Aeglagh Vannin is best remembered today for its central place in the revitalisation of Manx dance, as well as for its important role in the early stage of the modern period of the Manx cultural revival. This confirms the belief of its founder, Mona Douglas, who in 1949 called it ""the cradle of our Manx folk dance revival.""[13] -",2023-08-26 18:35:50 -Paraíso das Águas - Wikipedia,"Paraíso das Águas is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Its population was 5,654 (2020) and its area is 5,032 km2 (1,943 sq mi). - This Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:35:53 -Azle Independent School District - Wikipedia,"Azle Independent School District is a public school district based in Azle, Texas, United States. The district covers northwestern Tarrant County, northeastern Parker County, and a small portion of southern Wise County. In addition to Azle, the district serves the communities of Lakeside, Pelican Bay, Sanctuary, and portions of Reno and Briar. - As of the 2018-2019 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $2,351,893,000.[1] The maintenance and operations tax rate was $1.170, and the interest and sinking fund tax rate was $0.1590 per $100 of appraised valuation.[1] - In 2011, the school district was rated ""academically acceptable"" by the Texas Education Agency.[5] About 49% of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating.[6] No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012.[7] A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking). - Historical district TEA accountability ratings[5] - As of the 2020-2021 school year, 13 schools were in Azle ISD.[1] - Azle High School has an exemplary band program, with the Marching Green Pride ranking 13th in Texas in the 2013-2014 State Marching Band Competition in San Antonio.[citation needed] - Azle High School participates in the boys' sports of baseball, basketball, football, tennis, soccer, and wrestling.[4] The school participates in the girls' sports of basketball, soccer, softball, tennis, volleyball, and wrestling.[4] - The Azle High School Cheer team became the first coeducational team to win the UIL State Cheerleading Championship in early 2016.[citation needed] - For the 2015 through 2016 school years, Azle High School will play football in UIL Class 5A.[3] The mascot is a hornet named ""Buzzy"".[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 18:35:57 -Lockwood–Mathews Mansion - Wikipedia," - The Lockwood–Mathews Mansion is a Second Empire style country house in Norwalk, Connecticut. Now a museum, it was built in 1864-68 for railroad and banking magnate LeGrand Lockwood. The 62-room 44,000 square feet (4,100 m2) [3] mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.[4][5] - It has been described as ""one of the earliest and finest surviving Second Empire style country houses ever built in the United States.""[6] It sits at 295 West Ave., in Mathews Park, where the Stepping Stones Museum for Children is also located. - The home was built on an estate, then called ""Elm Park,"" for LeGrand Lockwood, who made his fortune in banking and the railroad industry. Construction began in 1864 just west of the Norwalk River in Norwalk and was completed four years later. Designed by European-trained, New York-based architect Detlef Lienau, the 44,000 square feet (4,100 m2) mansion features 26,402 square feet (2,452.8 m2) of living space[3] and ""is considered his most significant surviving work,"" according to the association. Both American and immigrant artisans worked to construct and decorate the house.[6] Prominent New York decorating firms, including Herter Brothers and Leon Marcotte were contracted to furnish the mansion's interiors. - Financial reversals in 1869 and Lockwood's death in 1872 resulted in loss of the estate through foreclosure in 1874 by Lockwood's heirs.[6] Charles D. Mathews, described in his New York Times obituary as ""a very wealthy retired New-York provision dealer"", and his wife, Rebecca Thompson Mathews, bought the property in 1876. The mansion was a residence and suburban retreat for the Mathews family, with their Thompson and Martin relatives, until the death of Charles's daughter Florence in 1938.[6] - Built in 1864–68, the home is an early example of the style used by wealthy New York City elites such as the Vanderbilts in building their Gilded Age mansions later in the 19th century, and set a new standard for opulence.[5] In 1941 the estate was sold to the City of Norwalk, which designated it a public park. -The city had planned in 1959 ""to build a city hall in the park and tear down the mansion to make way for it."" Considerable controversy and claims of bad faith ensued, leaving the building threatened with demolition. Local preservationists formed Lockwood–Mathews Mansion Museum, Inc. to run the site.[6] The Junior League of Stamford-Norwalk eventually led a late 1960s restoration, supported by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the American Institute of Architects, the National Park Service, and the Connecticut Historical Commission.[7]: 6  The home was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.[6] - According to the museum organization's Web site, the museum's mission ""is to conserve the building while creating educational programs on the material, artistic and social culture of the Victorian era,"" .[6] - A master plan for a more comprehensive restoration of the mansion was expected to be completed in 2007.[8] Plans for renovation work at the museum include adding an elevator, and systems for heating, air conditioning, and sprinklers. Renovation costs are likely to total about $6 million, museum officials said in May 2007, before the master plan was complete.[9] - In a decades-long Christmastime tradition, interior decorators deck out about a dozen rooms in the mansion with holiday decorations. An annual ""community celebration"" is held in December with Christmas music, refreshments and a Santa Claus. In 2007, 10 interior decorators volunteered their services and materials for the event.[10] - The museum has hosted an annual antique show since 1978. In 2006 the show was held the last weekend in October and attracted dealers from Ohio and Pennsylvania as well as Connecticut.[11] - In the 2000s, statues and furniture that had originally been in the mansion were bought and placed back in it. Two marble statues, sculpted in 1859 by Joseph Mozier, an American artist, and bought by Lockwood, were purchased for $185,000. A $165,000 sofa original to the home was also acquired and brought back to it.[8] - The home was used as a filming location for the 2004 remake of The Stepford Wives. Paramount Pictures paid the museum $400,000 to paint its central rotunda. The studio also left behind some large paintings (in essence, theatrical pastiches), which serve to emphasize the dramatic size of the rotunda. As a result, the walls look fresh and decorated, and will remain protected until further funds become available for proper, curatorial restoration of the original damaged surfaces.[9] - The mansion was also featured in the movie House of Dark Shadows.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:36:01 -Yadollah Sharifirad - Wikipedia," - Yadollah Sharifirad (Persian: یدالله شریفی‌راد) (born 24 March 1946, in Taleqan) is an Iranian former fighter pilot, former military attaché and writer. In 1978, he was a member of Golden Crown aerobatic team. Sharifirad was one of the most successful Iranian Northrop F-5 pilots during the Iran–Iraq War. He shot down five Iraqi fighter aircraft (three confirmed and two possible). The victories include one Su-22 and four MiG-21s. In an air raid on an Iraqi power station, he was attacked by three Iraqi fighters and shot down. He ejected and was returned to Iran by Iraqi Kurdish guerrillas. A movie called Eagles was made about this event.[1][2][3] - From 1984 until 1987, Sharifirad served as a military attaché in Pakistan. In 1987, he was ordered back to Iran by the government; upon his return, Sharifirad was accused of spying for the United States and imprisoned for over a year before being released. Sharifirad then escaped to Canada.[4] - In 2010, Sharifirad wrote a book titled Flight of a Patriot, recounting the story of his life from his youth until his participation in the Iran-Iraq war, his arrest, imprisonment and torture, and immigration to Canada.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:36:05 -Vaishali Thakkar - Wikipedia," - Vaishali Thakkar[1] is an Indian theatre and television actress. She is best known for portraying the comic role of Praveena in the popular show Star Plus TV series Baa Bahoo Aur Baby and portraying the supporting role of Damini in the popular show Colors TV TV series Uttaran. She was also seen in Star Plus television series Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2 as Kusum.[2] - Vaishali Thakkar was born in Mumbai. Her father worked in Gujarati theatre, and she first appeared in Gujarati plays. She had a role in the TV series Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka, and then in Baa Bahoo Aur Baby where she played Praveena. She subsequently appeared as Damini Ragendra Bharti in the Colors TV series, Uttaran.[3] However, her character was killed midway through the series much to the disappointment of the audience, as the producers claimed her character had not ""developed"" the way they wanted it to. - Thakkar is fluent in English, Hindi, and Gujarati. -",2023-08-26 18:36:09 -Alipes (horse) - Wikipedia,"Alipes (1757) was an undefeated British Thoroughbred racehorse who won all eight of her races, including the 1761 Great Subscription Purse. She was owned by Sir B. Graham and later Richard Grosvenor. - Alipes was a brown or bay filly bred by William Swinburn and foaled in 1757.[1] She was sired by the unbeaten Regulus, who was British Champion sire eight times.[2][3] Her dam was Lusty, a daughter of Locust.[2] - Alipes first race was at the age of four in March 1761 at Newmarket Racecourse, where she won a sweepstakes of 300 guineas. The following month she beat Sir J. Moore's Dupe, John Howe's Dormouse filly, Sir Charles Sedley's Aelous and eight others to win the Jockey Club Plate. In June, she won the Subscription Purse at Newcastle by beating Mark and Trudge. At York Racecourse she faced Mark, Leander, Wilson's Arabian, Blank and Strawberry in the Great Subscription Purse for four-year-olds. She won the race after starting as the evens favourite. She finished the 1761 season by winning a 420 guineas sweepstakes at Richmond.[1] - Alipes was then purchased by the 1st Baron Grosvenor, Richard Grosvenor. At Hambleton in 1762 she beat William FitzRoy's Miss Lincoln to win the King's Plate. She also won a race at Lincoln in 1762. Her final race came in April 1763 at Newmarket, where she won the King's Plate for Mares from Imogin and four others. She was then retired to stud unbeaten in her eight starts.[1] - As a broodmare at Grosvenor's stud, she produced six foals. They were: -",2023-08-26 18:36:12 -Dix Hut - Wikipedia,"The Dix Hut (French: Cabane des Dix) is a mountain hut of the Swiss Alpine Club, located south of Hérémence in the canton of Valais. The hut lies above the Cheilon Glacier, at a height of 2,928 metres above sea level, approximately halfway between the Lac des Dix and the Mont Blanc de Cheilon. - The Dix Hut is the starting point of the ascents of Mont Blanc de Cheilon, Pigne d'Arolla and La Luette. The shortest accesses to the hut are from Arolla (via the Chèvres/Riedmatten Pass) and from the Grande Dixence Dam. -  WikiMiniAtlas46°00′40″N 7°25′04″E / 46.01111°N 7.41778°E / 46.01111; 7.41778 -",2023-08-26 18:36:16 -Heart of Antalya - Wikipedia,"Heart of Antalya is a ferris wheel located in the Aktur Park[1] in Konyaaltı, Antalya, Turkey completed and opened in 2019. With the wheel's 94 meter of diameter, it is the largest ferris wheel in Turkey[2] and after the London Eye, the second largest in Europe. It has forty-six cabins and a ride takes eighteen minutes.[3] The components were imported from China and assembled in eight months in Turkey.[3] -  WikiMiniAtlas36°53′10″N 30°39′33″E / 36.8861°N 30.6593°E / 36.8861; 30.6593 - - This article about a Turkish building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about an amusement ride or roller coaster is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:36:20 -List of nursing journals - Wikipedia," - This is a list of notable academic journals about nursing. -",2023-08-26 18:36:23 -De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park - Wikipedia,"De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park (duinen = dunes) is a national park situated in the south of the Netherlands, between the cities of Tilburg, Waalwijk and 's-Hertogenbosch. It has been designated as a national park since 2002. It is 35 km² (14 mile²) in area, and located in the municipalities of Loon op Zand, Heusden, and Vught. - The Loonse en Drunense Duinen consists of forests and very large dunes, creating an extraordinary microclimate. -",2023-08-26 18:36:27 -2010 Malaysian Open - Wikipedia,"The 2010 Golden Horses Health Sanctuary Malaysian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the inaugural edition of the Malaysian Open and was an International tournament on the WTA Tour. The event took place from February 22 to February 28 at the Bukit Kiara Equestrian and Country Resort. - The event was headlined by the participation of World No. 7 and Olympic champion Elena Dementieva in the main draw. Other participants include recent Australian Open semi-finalists, World No. 10 Li Na and World No. 20 Zheng Jie and last years Wimbledon quarter-finalist and Family Circle Cup champion, Sabine Lisicki. - The following players received wildcards into the main draw: - The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: - Alisa Kleybanova defeated Elena Dementieva 6–3, 6–2 - Chan Yung-jan / Zheng Jie defeated Anastasia Rodionova / Arina Rodionova 6–7(4–7), 6–2, [10–7] -",2023-08-26 18:36:30 -Tetraparvovirus - Wikipedia,"Tetraparvovirus are a genus of viruses in the family Parvoviridae.[1][2] There are six recognized species: Chiropteran tetraparvovirus 1, Primate tetraparvovirus 1, Ungulate tetraparvovirus 1, Ungulate tetraparvovirus 2, Ungulate tetraparvovirus 3, and Ungulate tetraparvovirus 4.[3] - The first member of this genus was identified in 2001 in pig serum and designated Porcine parvovirus 2.[4] The first human tetraparvovirus, PARV4, was described in 2005.[5] These new viruses were recognised as being related to but distinct from the known parvoviruses. They were isolated from a group of patients who had engaged in high risk behavior. Other members of this group were isolated from animal sources in Hong Kong.[6] These isolates were originally referred to as Hokoviruses. They have been isolated from wild boars in Germany[7] and chimpanzees and baboons.[8] They have also been isolated from sheep[9] and pigs.[10] Finally, they have been also identified in bats.[11] - Tetraparvoviruses are small, non enveloped animal viruses with a single-stranded DNA genome between 4 and 6 kb in length.[2] There are 2 open reading frames (ORF) present in the genome. ORF1 encodes the non-structural protein (NS1) and ORF2 encodes the viral capsid proteins (VP1/VP2). Inverted terminal repeats are present at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the genome. Within this family there is a third ORF lying within VP1. - The NS1 protein possesses both helicase and ATPase domains. It has ~652 amino acids residues and a molecular weight of 70–75 kiloDaltons (kDa). The VP1 protein contains 900–950 amino acid residues and is ~100 kDa in molecular weight. VP1 has a conserved phospholipase A2 domain which is used by the virion to escape from the endosome. - The third ORF encodes a small protein with a single transmembrane helix spanning 20 amino acid residues in the centre. Its molecular weight is ~10 kDa. The function of this protein is not known. - These viruses have been isolated from blood, liver, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow. - These viruses have not been associated with disease in any of their known hosts to date. -",2023-08-26 18:36:33 -"Gökçeyaka, Finike - Wikipedia","Gökçeyaka is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Finike, Antalya Province, Turkey.[1] Its population is 173 (2022).[2] - - This geographical article about a location in Antalya Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:36:38 -Eiji Kimizuka - Wikipedia,"Eiji Kimizuka (君塚栄治, Kimizuka Eiji, July 16, 1952 – December 28, 2015) was the 32nd Chief of Staff of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, the de facto army of Japan. He was promoted to four-star General and assumed the position on August 5, 2011.[2][3][4] - Kimizuka was born and raised in Kanagawa Prefecture. He attended the National Defense Academy of Japan, graduating in 1976 into the Ground Self-Defense Force. Kimizuka was initially trained in field artillery, and served in a number of artillery command roles at the company-grade and field-grade levels. Throughout his career, he has attended a number of military schools including Japanese Ranger School, Japanese Airborne School, and the United States Army Command and General Staff College.[5] - Promoted to Colonel in 1995, Kimizuka served as the Commander of the 10th Artillery Regiment at JGSDF Camp Toyokawa. In 1999, he became Chief of Defense Planning Division, Ground Staff Office.[5] - Promoted to Major General in 2001, Kimizuka served as the Vice Chief of Staff, Western Army in Kumamoto Prefecture. In 2003, he became Commander of the 1st Combined Brigade at JGSDF Camp Naha. In 2006, he became Chief of Staff of the Central Army at JGSDF Camp Itami.[5] - Promoted to Lieutenant General in 2007, Kimizuka served as the Commander of the 8th Division. Later, in 2009, he became the Commander of the North Eastern Army, headquartered in Sendai.[6] After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Kimizuka led Joint Task Force - Tohoku, a massive 100,000 soldier relief effort coordinated with American forces in Operation Tomodachi.[7] He died on December 28, 2015, of lung cancer.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:36:43 -Coastal Prairie Conservancy - Wikipedia,"Coastal Prairie Conservancy was established in 1992 to conserve Katy Prairie, part of the Western Gulf coastal grasslands located in Texas, United States. Approximately 24,500 acres is under conservation easements or owned by CPC in western Harris and Waller Counties.[1] - Nelson Farms Preserve encompasses more than 1,700 acres, of which 200 acres still operates as a working rice farm to benefit wildlife dependent upon the agricultural wetlands present on the landscape. Cypress Creek flows through the preserve offering excellent habitat because of its perennial source of water and vegetative diversity. The unique combination of habitat types attracts significant numbers of waterfowl, waterbirds, migratory songbirds, raptor, beaver, white-tailed deer and other wildlife. - Warren Ranch is one of the largest remaining working cattle ranches on the prairie. - Williams Prairie is a 10 acre remnant prairie full of little bluestem, brownseed Paspalum, and Indiangrass. Egrets and other herons can be found residing year-round in the depressions as long as they continue to hold water during the warmer months. - In 1986, the City of Houston purchased 1,432 acres for a potential future airport on Morton Road near the western edge of the Katy Prairie.[2] During the expansion of the Houston Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) the site was used as a wetlands mitigation area for migratory birds to the Katy Prairie.[3] - John Paul Landing Park is a 865-acre public park operated by Harris County, located on Katy-Hockley Road and Sharp Road on the Katy Prairie. The project has been in development for Precinct 3 since 2011 and includes 400-acre lake as well as an environmental education center. [4] - Paul D. Rushing Park is a 232-acre public park operated by Harris County, located at 9114 Katy Hockley Road on the Katy Prairie. This park includes a lake and wildlife viewing area. [5] - Katy Park system includes a series of two Harris County and one municipal parks located inside the City of Katy. These parks encompass about 200-acres and over 1,000 trees and 35-acres of lakes. [6] [7] [8] - The Coastal Prairie Conservancy supports the agricultural economy in three main ways: holding conservation easements on agricultural land, leasing land for rice growing operations, and managing the Warren Ranch. KPC owns and manages the Warren Ranch, in partnership with the Warren Family. The ranch’s pastureland is used to graze its own herd of cattle as well as those of other ranchers who lease from the ranch. CPC is rehabilitating the grasslands to sustain during drought and support numerous species and wildlife. - CPC’s lands, including the Warren Ranch, provide high-quality dove, deer, and quail habitat and offer opportunities for hunting by the public. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department currently leases the CPC property as part of the Annual Public Hunting Permit Program. - Community members enjoy hiking, birding, hunting, and many other activities on CPC’s lands. CPC’s unique native grasslands and migratory birds attract tourists such as birders and local visitors. - -",2023-08-26 18:36:47 -Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain - Wikipedia," -The mission of the Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain is: to conserve, promote and protect open spaces and green places of ecological, cultural or scenic significance in the counties of the Mississippi Coastal Plain.[2] Founded in 2000, the non-profit Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain (LTMCP) operates in the six Coastal Plain counties of south Mississippi and is accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission of the Land Trust Alliance.[3][4][5] The LTMCP works with private landowners and local authorities to conserve wetlands, as well as other lands in the region, that are environmentally or culturally significant. The agency has more than 10,000 acres (4047 hectares) in conservation management. Many of the properties offer public access for hiking and bird watching. - In 2010, the LTMCP acquired 57 acres (23 hectares) at the site of the former Ramsey Springs Hotel in Stone County, Mississippi, and conveyed it to the State of Mississippi with an understanding that the property would be dedicated to conservation and managed for public-use because of its ecological, cultural, and scenic significance.[6] - As of 2020, LTMCP had 54 conservation properties under its protection.[7] - George County - Hancock County - Harrison County - Jackson County - Pearl River County - Stone County - Official website -",2023-08-26 18:36:51 -Silene parishii - Wikipedia," - Silene parishii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name Parish's catchfly.[1] It is endemic to southern California, where it is known from several of the local mountain ranges, including the San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto Mountains. It grows in rocky, forested habitat, sometimes in the alpine climates of the higher peaks. It is a perennial herb growing from a woody, branching caudex and taproot, sending up several decumbent or erect stems 10 to 40 centimetres tall. The oppositely arranged leaves line the stems, the largest ones located at the middle of each stem. Leaves are lance-shaped to nearly oval and up to 6 centimetres long. They are thick and leathery, and sometimes glandular and sticky. Each flower is encapsulated in a tubular calyx of fused sepals which may be nearly 3 centimetres long. It is greenish with ten veins and a coating of glandular hairs. The five petals are yellowish in colour and each has about six long, fringelike lobes at the tip. - - This Caryophyllaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:36:54 -Saipa Quik - Wikipedia," - Saipa Quik (Persian: سایپا کوییک) is a small family car built by the Iranian car manufacturer Saipa from 2017. It is the hatchback version of ""Saina"", a sedan also made by Saipa.[2][3] - In English, ""quick"" means fast and agile. Also, Quik is a name of a tribe of Kurds in Iranian Kurdistan and there are some villages with this name in that region.[4] - The car has an automatic CVT transmission, with a Euro 4 fuel system upgradeable to Euro 5.[5] The engine is a 1.5 L I4 and its maximum power is 87 HP.[6] - A version of Quik has an automatic transmission, which is why Quik has been able to claim the title of the cheapest automatic car in Iran.[7] - The Saipa Atlas is an improved version of the Quik, being launched in December 2022.[1] - This article about a modern automobile produced after 1975 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:36:58 -Shahrak-e Posht Giaban - Wikipedia," - Shahrak-e Posht Giaban (Persian: شهرك پشت گيابان, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Posht Gīābān; also known as Towḩīdābād) is a village in Bilari Rural District of Poshtkuh District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. - At the 2006 National Census, its population was 831 in 149 households, when it was in Poshtkuh Rural District.[3] The following census in 2011 counted 1,197 people in 248 households.[4] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,223 people in 275 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.[2] - - This Khash County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:02 -Scott Benton (politician) - Wikipedia," - Scott Lloyd Benton (born 1 July 1987)[1] is the Member of Parliament for Blackpool South, holding office since the 2019 United Kingdom general election. A member of the Conservative Party, he was previously a councillor on Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council. On 5 April 2023 Benton had the Conservative Party whip suspended while the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards investigates a fake lobbying role he was offered by reporters from The Times. - Benton was born in Newport, Wales, to Alan and Krystina Benton.[2] He grew up in Rastrick, West Yorkshire, and attended Rastrick High School.[3] - He studied theology as an undergraduate at the University of Nottingham and was awarded a first class Bachelor of Arts degree and also later completed a Master of Arts degree in the subject.[2] After graduating, Benton worked as a primary school teacher.[4] - In 2011, Benton was elected to Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council for the Brighouse ward.[5] At times he was deputy leader of the Council and then leader of the Conservative group. - While a councillor, Benton worked as a Parliamentary assistant for Craig Whittaker, the Conservative MP for Calder Valley.[6] - Benton previously ran for Strangford at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election[7] and Huddersfield, a safe seat for the Labour Party, at the 2017 general election.[8] - Benton contested and won Blackpool South at the 2019 general election. His win marked the first time since 1997 that the constituency has been represented by a Conservative. He achieved a swing of 9.4%, and was elected with a majority of 3,690 votes.[9] His campaign focused on delivering Brexit and reopening Blackpool Airport for commercial flights.[10] - During the 2019 election campaign, David Brown, who stood for the Brexit Party against Benton, expressed concerns over his links to the anti-abortion organisation Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC), which has campaigned against same-sex marriage and been accused of homophobia.[11] In response, Benton stated that he was no longer linked to SPUC. He said that he supported their anti-abortion stance but was not homophobic and was a supporter of same-sex marriage.[12] - Following an interim report on the connections between colonialism and properties now in the care of the National Trust, including links with the Atlantic slave trade, Benton was among the signatories of a letter to The Daily Telegraph in November 2020 from the Common Sense Group of Conservative Parliamentarians. The letter accused the National Trust of being ""coloured by Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory dogma"".[13] - In July 2021, it was reported by The Guardian that Benton was one of nine MPs from different political parties who had accepted tickets to high-profile sporting events as hospitality from betting and gambling companies. He received tickets to Royal Ascot, two Euro 2020 football games and Wimbledon.[14] - On 13 June 2022, Benton was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office ministerial team.[15] - In December 2021, Benton expressed support for the death penalty in certain scenarios.[16] - Benton is anti-abortion.[11] In June 2022, following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision of the US Supreme Court – which reversed the 1973 Roe v. Wade legislation which had previously granted the right to abortion in the United States — Benton retweeted a tweet by the US Republican Party celebrating the decision. Benton subsequently deleted the retweet.[17][18] - In January 2021, Benton was found to have broken Parliamentary rules.[19] The complainant alleged Benton had failed to register six entries in the Register of Members' Financial Interests within the House's 28-day deadline, for payments received for his work as a Members' researcher. - When asked about the allegations in November 2020, Benton had said that ""an admin error"" meant his income from Calderdale Council had not been properly declared. Benton had said there had been ""vexatious and deeply unpleasant"" complaints about his conduct. He said: ""I have no doubt that the complaints... made about me to Calderdale Council and the Parliamentary authorities will be found to be without substance.""[20] - The Parliamentary commissioner for standards found that in failing to register his various interests within the specified time frame, he had breached the rules. After the complaint was upheld, Benton said: ""I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge my mistake and apologise once again for inadvertently breaching the rules.""[19] - On 5 April 2023, according to The Times, journalists posing as gambling industry investors offered Benton a paid advisory role. Benton chose not to accept the role and according to BBC News ""no rules appear to have been broken"".[21] In a statement Benton said that before he realised that the company was a fake setup by journalists, he consulted with the Commons Registrar and the Parliamentary Standards Commissioner who he said then clarified the rules for him, and he thus had no further contact with the ""company"".[21] Benton then referred himself to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, and a spokesperson for Conservative chief whip, Simon Hart, said that Benton's case was being investigated and that he had had the Conservative Party Whip suspended for the duration.[21] - Benton married Harry Symonds in November 2021 in the Palace of Westminster.[22] -",2023-08-26 18:37:06 -Jerome Sacca Kina Guezere - Wikipedia,"Jerome Sacca Kina Guezere (1952[1] – 11 January 2005) was a Beninese politician. He was the Fourth Vice-President of the African Union's Pan-African Parliament.[2] - He was elected to the National Assembly of Benin for the first time in the 1991 parliamentary election and was again elected in 1995. He was a founding member of the Action Front for Renewal and Development (FARD-Alafia) in 1994. From 1996 to 1998, he served as Minister of Rural Development under President Mathieu Kérékou.[1] In the March 1999 parliamentary election he was again elected to the National Assembly as a FARD-Alafia candidate,[3] and he became President of the Solidarity and Progress Parliamentary Group following the election.[4] In the March 2003 parliamentary election, he was elected as a Union for Future Benin (UBF) candidate[5] (with FARD-Alafia being one of the component parties of the UBF). He also served as First Vice-President of the National Assembly.[1] - He was elected Fourth Vice-President of the Pan-African Parliament when it was inaugurated in March 2004.[6] He was representing the Pan-African Parliament at Ghanaian President John Kufuor's inauguration for his second term in Accra when he fell ill, and he subsequently died in Benin on 11 January 2005.[2] - - This article about a Beninese politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:10 -Scopula herbuloti - Wikipedia," - Scopula herbuloti is a moth in the family Geometridae. Endemic to Madagascar, it was described by Pierre Viette in 1977.[2] - - This Scopula-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:13 -Severstal - Wikipedia,"Severstal (Russian: Северсталь, lit. 'Northern Steel') is a Russian company mainly operating in the steel and mining industry, headquartered in Cherepovets. Severstal is listed on the Moscow Exchange and LSE and is the largest steel company in Russia. The company is majority-owned and controlled by billionaire Alexey Mordashov. - Severstal owns major industrial facilities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, France, and Italy, as well as in several African countries. The company also has mining assets, thus securing its supply of raw materials. - Severstal also owns Severstal Cherepovets, a professional ice hockey club which plays in the Kontinental Hockey League and Severstal Air Company, an airline operating mainly from Vnukovo International Airport and Cherepovets Airport. - Severstal has been ranked as among the 16th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic.[2] It's ranked 37 among the largest steel makers. In 2021, Severstal was ranked no. 27 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle in the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI).[3] - During the early 1930s, deposits of iron ore were discovered on the Kola Peninsula and, at about the same time large quantities of coal were discovered in the area of Pechora.[4] These two factors made it possible to establish a viable steel industry in the northwest of Russia. - In 1940, the Government of the Soviet Union published a resolution ""On The Organisation of Steel Making in the North-West of the USSR"", which created a steel mill in Cherepovets, a city accessible by both the Leningrad-Ekaterinburg railway and by the Volga–Baltic Waterway. - In 1947, the construction of Cherepovets Steel Mill was completed. - Facility construction accelerated after the end of World War II, and at 3:25 PM on 24 August 1955, the Cherepovets steel mill was put into operation. Development continued in the following decades, making Cherepovets a major centre of steel production in the Soviet Union. - On 24 September 1993, a decree by the President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, transformed the state-owned Cherepovets Iron and Steel Complex into the Severstal open joint-stock company. - In 2004, Severstal North America was created when Severstal acquired all the steelmaking assets of Rouge Steel, based in Michigan, USA. - In April 2005, Severstal acquired a 19.9% stake in European steel producer Gruppo Lucchini. - In June 2005, Severstal acquired a listing on MICEX SE. - In March 2006, the company launched an offer for the French conglomerate Arcelor.[5] The offer did not materialize and Arcelor was instead acquired by Mittal Steel on 25 June 2006 to create Arcelor Mittal. - In April 2006, Severstal and Arcelor inaugurated the Severgal joint venture, at that time owned 75% by Severstal and 25% by Arcelor.[6] - In April 2006, Severstal acquired British wire producer Carrington Wire.[7] - In October 2006, Severstal acquired a controlling stake in Lucchini. - In November 2006, Severstal Global Depository Receipts began trading on the London Stock Exchange priced at $12.50.[8] - In May 2007, Severstal acquired Arcelor's 25% stake in Severgal. - In May 2007, Severstal acquired a further 9% of Lucchini. - In February 2007, Severstal acquired Celtic Resources, a gold mining company with assets in Russia and Kazakhstan.[9] - In September 2007, Severcorr began operations in Columbus, Mississippi. - In October 2007, Severstal acquired Aprelkovo and Nerungri Metallic, two gold mines in Eastern Russia. - In May 2008, Severstal Metiz TAS agreed to the sale of the group TAS 34.6% share of JSC Dneprometiz to Severstal Metiz. - In May 2008, Severstal acquired Sparrows Point, a steel mill in Maryland, USA, from Arcelor Mittal.[10] - In May 2008, Severstal Resources acquired a controlling stake in an iron ore deposit in Western Africa and becomes a shareholder of Mano River Resources - In June 2008, Severstal acquired Esmark Inc. based in West Virginia, USA.[11] - In July 2008, Severstal acquired WCI Steel mill in Warren, Ohio, USA.[12] - In August 2008, Severstal Metiz acquired 100% of Redaelli Tecna. - In August 2008, Severstal Resources acquired Balazhal Gold Mine in Kazakhstan.[13] - In November 2008, the company acquired PBS Coals based in Pennsylvania, USA.[14] - In November 2008, Severstal Resources acquired a controlling stake in High River Gold.[15] - In 2008, the company began a $500 million expansion to double the output of Severstal Columbus to 3.4 million tons.[16] - In January 2010, the company closed Carrington Wire.[17] - In March 2010, the company acquired all the shares of Gruppo Lucchini from the Lucchini family and became the only shareholder of the company.[18] - In June 2010, the company sold 50.8% of Lucchini S.p.A. to a company controlled by Alexey Mordashov. - In October 2010, the company acquired a 43.21% stake in Crew Gold.[19] - In October 2010, the company created Nord Gold Nv. - In October 2010, the company received a license for Centralnoe coalfield in Tyva. - In November 2010, an MOU with NSDC to build a steel mill in India was signed. - In January 2011, the company acquired the remaining shares of Crew Gold.[20] - In March 2011, the company sold its facilities in Warren, Wheeling and Sparrows Point.[21][22][23] - On February 11, 2013, the company's Vorkutinskaya mine, in the Komi Republic in northern Russia, experienced an explosion that caused the mine to collapse on a team of 22 people. A total of 18 people lost their lives in the accident.[24] - In March 2012, the company separated from Nord Gold.[25] - In 2014, Severstal divested its steelmaking operations in the United States, selling the former Rouge Steel plant in Dearborn, Michigan to AK Steel Holding for $700 million, and its mini-mill in Columbus, Mississippi, built in 2007, to Steel Dynamics for $1.63 billion.[26] - In January 2017, the company sold Redaelli Tecna.[27] - In July 2017, the company acquired the debt of the Yakovlevsky mine.[28] - In December 2021, according to group's decarbonization strategy, Severstal agreed to sell ""Vorkutaugol"" to ""Russkaya energia"" LLC for 15 billion roubles.[29] The approval of the deal was postponed by Federal Antimonopoly Service in February 2022.[30] - Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the European Union placed sanctions on Severstal's majority shareholder, Alexey Mordashov, on 28 February. This forced the company to cease its steel shipments to Europe.[31] - Sustainable development is one of the strategic priorities for Severstal, according to its annual reports.[32] Starting 2010, the company has annually released a Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development report.[33] - In 2018, Severstal joined the UN Global Compact.[34] - At the same time, since 2000 Severstal has been a sponsor and patron of TK-20 Severstal, a nuclear submarine of the Russian Navy which was renamed after the company in 2001.[35][36][37] In 2000-2005 alone, Severstal donated 5.5 million rubles to support the submarine and its crew.[35] - In 2018, Severstal became one of the pilots of the World Steel Association’s programme to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the global steel industry 'Step up'.[38] - In June 2019, in connection with the Presidential Decree dated 7 May 2018 No. 204 “On the National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” and the Federal Project “Clean Air”, Severstal entered into the agreement on co-operation for reducing air emissions in Cherepovets with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology, Rosprirodnadzor and the local authorities. In accordance with this agreement the Company assumed obligations to ensure the implementation of measures that will reduce pollutant emissions by 30 thousand tons into the atmosphere by 2024.[39] - Severstal reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 27,860[40] Kt (-250 /-0.9% y-o-y). There is no evidence of a consistent declining trend as yet. -",2023-08-26 18:37:17 -Ildar Alekperov - Wikipedia,"Ildar Ruslan-ogly Alekperov (Russian: Ильдар Руслан-Оглы Алекперов; born 27 April 2001) is a Russian professional footballer who plays for Sabah in the Azerbaijan Premier League. - He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk on 28 October 2020 in a game against FC Krasnodar-2. He substituted Ilya Petrov in the 64th minute.[1] - - This biographical article related to a Russian association football midfielder is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. -",2023-08-26 18:37:21 -Campaign finance reform amendment - Wikipedia," - - A campaign finance reform amendment refers to any proposed amendment to the United States Constitution to authorize greater restrictions on spending related to political speech, and to overturn Supreme Court rulings which have narrowed such laws under the First Amendment. Several amendments have been filed since Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and the Occupy movement. - In response to the Occupy Wall Street protests and the worldwide occupy movement calling for U.S. campaign finance reform eliminating corporate influence in politics, among other reforms, Representative Ted Deutch introduced the ""Outlawing Corporate Cash Undermining the Public Interest in our Elections and Democracy"" (OCCUPIED) constitutional amendment on November 18, 2011.[1][2] The OCCUPIED amendment would outlaw the use of for-profit corporation money in U.S. election campaigns and give Congress and states the authority to create a public campaign finance system.[3] Unions and nonprofit organizations will still be able to contribute to campaigns.[4] On November 1, 2011, Senator Tom Udall also introduced a constitutional amendment in Congress to reform campaign finance which would allow Congress and state legislatures to establish public campaign finance.[5] Two other constitutional campaign finance reform amendments were introduced in Congress in November, 2011.[6] Similar amendments have been advanced by Dylan Ratigan,[7] Karl Auerbach,[8] Cenk Uygur through Wolf PAC,[9] and other political organizations, such as Move to Amend[10] and American Promise.[11][12][13] - Harvard law professor and Creative Commons board member Lawrence Lessig had called for a constitutional convention[14] in a September 24–25, 2011 conference co-chaired by the Tea Party Patriots' national coordinator,[15] in Lessig's October 5 book, Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress – and a Plan to Stop It,[16] and at the Occupy protest in Washington, D.C.[17] Reporter Dan Froomkin said the book offers a manifesto for the Occupy Wall Street protestors, focusing on the core problem of corruption in both political parties and their elections,[18] and Lessig provides credibility to the movement.[19] Lessig's initial constitutional amendment would allow legislatures to limit political contributions from non-citizens, including corporations, anonymous organizations, and foreign nationals, and he also supports public campaign financing and electoral college reform to establish the one person, one vote principle.[20] Lessig's web site convention.idea.informer.com allows anyone to propose and vote on constitutional amendments.[21] On October 15, the Occupy Wall Street Demands Working Group, published the 99 Percent Declaration[22] of demands, goals, and solutions, including a call to amend the U.S. Constitution to reform campaign finance.[23][24][25] Occupy movement protesters have joined the call for a constitutional amendment.[26][27][28][29] - While Citizens United is the Supreme Court case most cited by advocates for a campaign finance reform amendment, the underlying precedent for extending constitutional rights to corporations under the doctrine of corporate personhood is rooted in more than a century of Supreme Court decisions dating back to the 19th century. The debate of ""corporate constitutional rights"" can be parsed into the legal definitions of corporation and personhood, the latter term being controversial in regards to the philosophical debate over where human personhood begins and the legal debate over where legal personhood ends. Under US law, corporations are extended at least some legal rights and responsibilities as natural persons, such as the right to enter into contracts and to sue or be sued. However, the framers of the US Constitution had originally reserved constitutional protections for individual citizens and had not intended such protections to be inherent or inalienable for their organizations incorporated under law. - The first time the Supreme Court entertained the idea of corporations having constitutional rights was in 1886's Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company, when Chief Justice Morrison Waite began oral arguments by stating, ""The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does.""[30][31] While the Chief Justice Waite's statement in Santa Clara County was inserted in the headnote, which was not part of the Court's opinion and not considered precedent, the doctrine was clearly affirmed in subsequent cases in Pembina Consolidated Silver Mining Co. v. Pennsylvania (1888) and Minneapolis and Saint Louis Railway v. Beckwith (1889).[32][33] - In the 307 Fourteenth Amendment cases heard by the Supreme Court in the years following Santa Clara County, 288 cases involved corporations compared to 19 cases involving African Americans, its intended recipients.[34] The Court reaffirmed its Santa Clara County precedent in the landmark case Lochner v. New York (1905), which expanded corporate deregulation under the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses. A year later, the Court extended corporate personhood to include search and seizure protections under the Fourth Amendment in Hale v. Henkel (1906), from which dissenting Justice John Marshall Harlan stated, ""to look into the books, records and papers of a corporation of its own creation, to ascertain whether that corporation has obeyed or is defying the law, will be greatly curtailed, if not destroyed."" The Court later deemed in Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon (1922) that a regulation by state government is a form of takings and ruled that corporations are protected from ""private lands being taken for public use without just compensation"" and therefore entitled to compensation for lost profit under the Fifth Amendment. During this period known as the Lochner era, the Court cited the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause in halting over 200 regulations intended for corporations. Despite the Court's recognition of corporate personhood under the Fourteenth Amendment, the Equal Protection Clause would not be applied to women until the case Reed v. Reed (1971).[35][36][37][38] - In the case of Citizens United, the extension of corporate personhood to include free speech rights was premised on the First Amendment's Freedom of the Press Clause, which protects associations of individuals, including individual speakers. The Court ruled that Corporations (as associations of individuals) are entitled to free speech rights because the First Amendment does not allow prohibitions of speech based on the identity of the speaker. Furthermore, the Court extended its precedents set in Buckley v. Valeo (1976), which asserted corporate spending to political candidates and parties is the equivalent of free speech, and First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti (1978), which established that non-media business corporations can give unrestricted money to ""influence or affect"" voter opinions in state political referendums. -[39][40] - The Saving American Democracy Amendment is a United States constitutional amendment proposed in December 2011 by Senators Mark Begich (D-Alaska) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) ""to expressly exclude for-profit corporations from the rights given to natural persons by the Constitution of the United States, prohibit corporate spending in all elections, and affirm the authority of Congress and the States to regulate corporations and to regulate and set limits on all election contributions and expenditures.""[41] The Saving American Democracy Amendment was meant to overturn the 2010 United States Supreme Court decision Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, which stated that freedom of speech prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures by for-profit and nonprofit corporations.[42][43][44] This was the first constitutional amendment proposed by Sanders in his two decades in Congress.[45] The text of the amendment reads as follows: - - Section 1. The rights protected by the Constitution of the United States are the rights of natural persons and do not extend to for-profit corporations, limited liability companies, or other private entities established for business purposes or to promote business interests under the laws of any state, the United States, or any foreign state. - Section 2. Such corporate and other private entities established under law are subject to regulation by the people through the legislative process so long as such regulations are consistent with the powers of Congress and the States and do not limit the freedom of the press. - Section 3. Such corporate and other private entities shall be prohibited from making contributions or expenditures in any election of any candidate for public office or the vote upon any ballot measure submitted to the people. - -Section 4. Congress and the States shall have the power to regulate and set limits on all election contributions and expenditures, including a candidate’s own spending, and to authorize the establishment of political committees to receive, spend, and publicly disclose the sources of those contributions and expenditures.[46] The amendment was introduced in the Senate on December 8, 2011. It was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. The Saving American Democracy amendment proposed in the Senate was a companion bill to one proposed in the House by Representative Ted Deutch (D-Florida).[47] Deutch's amendment was referred to the House's Subcommittee on the Constitution. Both Sanders' Saving American Democracy Amendment and Deutch's amendment failed to pass. - The Democracy For All Amendment was introduced in multiple sessions of Congress beginning with the 113th.[48] It would grant Congress and the States the ability to limit the raising and spending of money in campaigns for public office. It would also grant Congress and the States the ability to distinguish between a natural person and an artificial entity, such as a corporation. The resolution was introduced in the Senate by Senator Tom Udall and in the House by Representative Ted Deutch during both congresses. During the 113th congress the resolution received 129 co-sponsors in the House (all Democrats), and 48 co-sponsors in the Senate (46 Democrats, 2 Independents). In the Senate the resolution was never voted on, and in the House it was sent to House Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice.[49] - In the 2015 (114th Congress) version the resolution received 162 co-sponsors (161 Democrats, 1 Republican) in the House, while in the Senate, the resolution received 42 co-sponsors (40 Democrats, 2 Independents). The resolution was sent to the House Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice, and Senate Committee on the Judiciary, but failed to pass either.[50][51][52][53][54] - The amendment was reintroduced in 2021 (in the 117th United States Congress) as House Joint Resolution 1 (H.J.Res. 1).[55][56] - The We The People Amendment is a joint resolution to amend the United States Constitution to abolish the doctrines of corporate personhood and of money equalling political speech. It was introduced by Representative Rick Nolan as H.J.Res. 29 on February 23, 2013, and was re-introduced as H.J.Res. 48 on April 29, 2015, H.J.Res. 48 on January 30, 2017. It was again introduced by Representative Pramila Jayapal as H.J.Res. 48 on February 22, 2019. The amendment was proposed in response to the implications presented in the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), a U.S. constitutional law case concerning the regulation of independent political expenditures by corporations, which the nonprofit organization Citizens United challenged on the grounds of purportedly violating the First Amendment's freedom of speech. - The We the People Amendment would establish that constitutional rights are reserved for natural persons only, that artificial entities — corporations, limited liability companies, and other incorporated entities established by the laws of any state, the United States, or any foreign state — have no rights under the Constitution and are subject to regulation through federal, state, or local law, and further establishes that privileges of such entities cannot be construed as inherent or inalienable. It would require federal, state, and local governments to regulate, limit, or prohibit political contributions or expenditures, including those made by a candidate, and would require any permissible political contributions and expenditures to be publicly disclosed. It would also prohibit the courts from construing the spending of money to influence elections as a form of protected speech under the First Amendment or from holding that the amendment would abridge the freedom of the press. The text of the amendment reads as follows: - Section 1. The rights protected by the Constitution of the United States are the rights of natural persons only. Artificial entities, such as corporations, limited liability companies, and other entities, established by the laws of any State, the United States, or any foreign state shall have no rights under this Constitution and are subject to regulation by the People, through Federal, State, or local law. The privileges of artificial entities shall be determined by the People, through Federal, State, or local law, and shall not be construed to be inherent or inalienable. - Section 2. Federal, State and local government shall regulate, limit, or prohibit contributions and expenditures, including a candidate’s own contributions and expenditures, to ensure that all citizens, regardless of their economic status, have access to the political process, and that no person gains, as a result of that person’s money, substantially more access or ability to influence in any way the election of any candidate for public office or any ballot measure. Federal, State, and local governments shall require that any permissible contributions and expenditures be publicly disclosed. The judiciary shall not construe the spending of money to influence elections to be speech under the First Amendment. - -Section 3. Nothing contained in this amendment shall be construed to abridge the freedom of the press. In the 113th Congress, the We the People Amendment received 3 co-sponsors from the Democratic Party. In the 114th Congress, it garnered 23 co-sponsors (22 Democrats, 1 Republican). In the 115th Congress, it had 66 co-sponsors (65 Democrats, 1 Republican). In the 116th Congress, it had 75 co-sponsors.[57] In the 117th Congress, it had 94 co-sponsors.[58] - As of July 2019, the joint resolution is in the House Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice under the House Committee on the Judiciary.[59] - On November 15, 2011, Representative James P. McGovern introduced the People's Rights Amendment, a proposal to limit the Constitution's protections only to the rights of natural persons, and not corporations. This amendment would overturn the United States Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.[60] - Organizations which advocate for an anti-corporate personhood amendment to the Constitution include Move to Amend, Wolf PAC, Mayday PAC, Free Speech For People and American Promise.[61] -",2023-08-26 18:37:24 -Wehha of East Anglia - Wikipedia," - Wehha of East Anglia is listed by Anglo-Saxon records as a king of the East Angles. If he existed, Wehha ruled the East Angles as a pagan king during the 6th century, at the time the region was being established as a kingdom by migrants arriving from what is now Frisia and the southern Jutland peninsula. Early sources identify him as a member of the Wuffingas dynasty, which was established around the east coast of Suffolk. Nothing of his reign is known. - According to the East Anglian tally from the Textus Roffensis, Wehha was the son of Wilhelm. The 9th century History of the Britons lists Wehha, named as 'Guillem Guercha', as the first king of the East Angles, as well as his son and heir Wuffa, after whom the dynasty was named. It has been claimed that the name Wehha is a hypocoristic version of Wihstān, from the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf. This claim, along with evidence from finds discovered at Sutton Hoo since 1939, suggests a connection between the Wuffingas and a Swedish dynasty, the Scylfings. - Wehha is thought to have been the earliest ruler of East Anglia, an independent and long-lived Anglo-Saxon kingdom established in the 6th century, which includes the modern English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. - According to the historian R. Rainbird Clarke, migrants from southern Jutland ""speedily dominated"" the Sandlings, an area of southeast Suffolk, and then, by around 550, ""lost no time in conquering the whole of East Anglia"". Rainbird Clarke identified Wehha, the founder of the dynasty, as one of the leaders of the new arrivals: the East Angles are tentatively identified with the Geats of the Old English poem Beowulf. Rainbird Clarke used the evidence of the finds at Sutton Hoo to conclude that the Wuffingas originated from Sweden, noting that the sword, helmet and shield found in the ship burial at Sutton Hoo may have been family heirlooms, brought across from Sweden in the beginning of the 6th century.[1] As it is now thought these artefacts were made in England, there is less agreement that the Wuffingas dynasty was directly linked with Sweden.[2] - The extent of the kingdom of the East Angles can be determined from a variety of sources. It was isolated to the north and east by the North Sea, with impenetrable forests to the south and the swamps and scattered islands of the Fens on its western border. The main land route from East Anglia would at that time have been a land corridor, following the prehistoric Icknield Way.[3] The southern neighbours of the East Angles were the East Saxons and across the other side of the Fens were the Middle Angles.[4] It has been suggested that the Devil's Dyke (near modern Newmarket) formed part of the kingdom's western boundary, but its construction, which dates from between the 4th and 10th centuries, may not be of Early Anglo-Saxon origin.[5] - Wehha is a semi-historical figure and no evidence has survived to show he actually existed or was ever king of the East Angles. The name Wehha is included in tallies of the ruling Wuffingas dynasty:[6] it appears as Ƿehh Ƿilhelming—Wehha Wilhelming—in the East Anglian tally from the Textus Roffensis, an important collection of Anglo-Saxon laws and Rochester Cathedral registers. The so-called Anglian collection has survived within two books bound together in the 13th century.[7] According to this list, Wehha was the son of Wilhelm, who was the son of Hryþ, who was the son of Hroðmund, the son of Trygil, the son of Tyttman, the son of Casere Odisson, the son of the god Wōden. Wehha's son Wuffa, after whom the Wuffingas dynasty is named, is also listed. - According to the 9th century History of the Britons, Guillem Guercha was the first of his line to rule the East Angles. The History of the Britons lists Guercha's descendants and ancestors: ""Woden begat Casser, who begat Titinon, who begat Trigil, who begat Rodmunt, who begat Rippa, who begat Guillem Guercha, who was the first king of the East Angles.""[8] According to the 19th century historian Francis Palgrave, Guercha is a distortion of Wuffa.[9] According to Palgrave, ""Guercha is a form of the name Uffa, or Wuffa, arising in the first instance, from the pronunciation of the British writer, and in the next place, from the error of the transcriber"".[9] D. P. Kirby is among those historians who have concluded from this information that Wuffa's father was the founder of the Wuffingas line.[10] - Despite the Wuffingas' long list of ancestors—that stretch back to their pagan gods—their power in the region can only have been established in the middle third of the 6th century, if Wehha is taken as the dynastic founder.[11] The historian Martin Carver has warned against using the scant material that exists to draw detailed inferences about the earliest Wuffingas kings.[4] - The descendants of Wehha[12] - The name Wehha has been linked as a hypocoristic (shortened) version of Wihstān, the father of Wiglaf in Beowulf, strengthening the evidence for a connection between the Wuffingas dynasty and a Swedish royal dynasty, the Scylfings.[13] It has also been suggested that Wehha is a regular hypocoristic form of Old English names beginning with Wē(o)h-, for instance in the unattested name *Weohha.[11] - Wehha may occur on a bronze pail excavated from the Chessell Down cemetery on the Isle of Wight, which possesses the runic inscription wecca.[14] - Nothing is known of Wehha or of his rule, as no written records—if they ever existed— have survived from this period in East Anglian history. At an unknown date Wehha was succeeded by Wuffa, who was ruling the kingdom in 571, according to the mediaeval chronicler Roger of Wendover.[15] The date given by Roger of Wendover cannot be corroborated.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:37:28 -Hannogne-Saint-Martin - Wikipedia," - Hannogne-Saint-Martin (French pronunciation: ​[anɔɲ sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃]) is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France. - - This Ardennes geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:38 -Tora-san's Matchmaker - Wikipedia,"Tora-san's Matchmaker (男はつらいよ 寅次郎の縁談, Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Torajirō no Endan) is a 1993 Japanese comedy film directed by Yoji Yamada. It stars Kiyoshi Atsumi as Torajirō Kuruma (Tora-san), and Keiko Matsuzaka as his love interest or ""Madonna"".[1] Tora-san's Matchmaker is the forty-sixth entry in the popular, long-running Otoko wa Tsurai yo series. - For their work in Tora-san's Matchmaker, the Japan Academy Prize awarded Yoji Yamada for Best Director and Screenplay, Yoshitaka Asama for Best Screenplay, and Isao Suzuki for Best Sound. Also nominated at the Japan Academy Prize were Yutaka Yokoyama and Mitsuo Degawa for Best Sound and Iwao Ishii for Best Editing.[3] The German-language site molodezhnaja gives Tora-san's Matchmaker three and a half out of five stars.[4] - Tora-san's Matchmaker was released theatrically on December 25, 1993.[5] In Japan, the film was released on videotape in 1994 and 1996, and in DVD format in 2000 and 2008.[6] - This article related to a Japanese film of the 1990s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:41 -Museum of the Year - Wikipedia," - The Museum of the Year Award, formerly known as the Gulbenkian Prize and the Art Fund Prize, is an annual prize awarded to a museum or gallery in the United Kingdom for a ""track record of imagination, innovation and excellence"". The award of £100,000 is Britain's biggest single art prize, and the largest single museum arts prize in the world.[1] The prize and is presented to a museum or gallery, large or small, anywhere in the UK, whose entry, in the opinion of the judges, best demonstrates a track record of imagination, innovation and excellence through work mainly undertaken during the previous calendar year.[2][3] - The Museum of the Year was awarded by the British charity National Heritage from 1973 to 2000.[4] In 2001, the Museum Prize Trust was established with the aim of creating a single award to replace this prize and three others awarded by the Museums Association, the Art Fund and the Campaign for Museums.[5] The Gulbenkian Prize, as this was known, was first awarded in 2003.[3] The prize's principal sponsor until 2007 was the Lisbon-based Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, but since 2008 it has been sponsored by the Art Fund.[6] It adopted its current name in late 2012,[7] and the first award under the new name was given in 2013. - Since 2011 the Clore Award for Museum Learning, worth £10,000 and sponsored by the Clore Duffield Foundation, has been awarded for ""quality museum and gallery learning with children and young people (from early years up to the age of 25) in any setting, in or out of school or college"".[8] For its first two years this award had a separate shortlist but in 2013 it was awarded to an institution on the Museum of the Year shortlist, which had expanded from four to ten finalists.[5] - [4] -",2023-08-26 18:37:48 -Chkhortoli Church - Wikipedia,"Chkhortoli Church (XI-XIX Centuries) (Georgian: ჩხორთოლის ეკლესია (XI-XIX საუკუნეები)) is a church on right bank of Chkhortoli river in the village of Chkhortoli, Gali Municipality, Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia. [2] - The church was built in the 11th-13th centuries. The construction represents an 18th-19th century hall church with an old, 11th century foundation and an overhanging apse. The church has a gate on the western side. The upper part of the gate represents a big arch open both from the façade and the church's inner part. Three large windows are located in the altar. An arched niche is on the northern side of the altar. Southern and northern walls also have windows. The western door is arched-shaped and other doors have a rectangular shape. The interior walls have two arches that are situated on a standing out sharp pilaster. The pilasters are ending with decorated (ornamented) capitals. The church roofing is totally demolished. All walls are on the same level and there is no sign of a vault. Apparently, the church had a girder roofing.[3] - This article about a church building or other Christian place of worship in Georgia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:53 -Filattiera - Wikipedia,"Filattiera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Massa and Carrara in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Florence and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Massa. - Media related to Filattiera at Wikimedia Commons - This Province of Massa-Carrara location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:37:57 -Caproni Trento F-5 - Wikipedia,"The Caproni Trento F.5 was a small Italian two-seat trainer designed by Stelio Frati and built by Aeroplani Caproni Trento.[1] The F.5 was not ordered into production and only a prototype was built.[1] - By the 1950s the Caproni company had collapsed and could not survive the postwar economic problems. One of the few group members to continue working was Aeroplane Caproni Trento, based at Gardola in Trento.[1] Originally involved with aircraft maintenance and support, the company decided to design and build a small jet trainer in 1951.[1] The F.5 aircraft was designed by Stelio Frati based on his earlier glider work. It was a low-wing all-wood monoplane with retractable tricycle landing gear.[1] The engine was a small Turbomeca Palas turbojet located in the fuselage. It had two inlet ducts, one either side of the fuselage and the exhaust was below the rear fuselage.[1] It had an enclosed cabin with tandem seating for an instructor and student and was fitted with a jettisonable canopy.[1] - The F.5 made its maiden flight on 20 May 1952.[2] It was the first jet aircraft developed in postwar Italy. Although evaluated by the Italian Air Force it gained little interest and was not ordered into production.[1][3] - The prototype, registered I-FACT, and only F.5 is on display at the Museo dell'Aeronautica Gianni Caproni in Trento.[3] - Data from [1]The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft General characteristics - Performance - -",2023-08-26 18:38:01 -Data (Star Trek) - Wikipedia," - - Data is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise. He appears in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) and the first and third seasons of Star Trek: Picard; and the feature films Star Trek Generations (1994), First Contact (1996), Insurrection (1998), and Nemesis (2002).[1][2] Data is portrayed by actor Brent Spiner. - Data was found by Starfleet in 2338. He was the sole survivor on Omicron Theta in the rubble of a colony left after an attack from the Crystalline Entity. He is a synthetic life form with artificial intelligence, designed and built by Doctor Noonien Soong in his own likeness (likewise portrayed by Spiner). Data is a self-aware, sapient, sentient and anatomically fully functional male android who serves as the second officer and chief operations officer aboard the Federation starship USS Enterprise-D and later the USS Enterprise-E. - His positronic brain allows him impressive computational capabilities. He experienced ongoing difficulties during the early years of his life with understanding various aspects of human behavior[3] and was unable to feel emotion or understand certain human idiosyncrasies, inspiring him to strive for his own humanity. This goal eventually led to the addition of an ""emotion chip"", created by Soong, to Data's positronic net.[4] Although Data's endeavor to increase his humanity and desire for human emotional experience is a significant plot point (and source of humor) throughout the series, he consistently shows a nuanced sense of wisdom, sensitivity and curiosity, garnering respect from his peers and colleagues. - Data is in many ways a successor to the original Star Trek's Spock (Leonard Nimoy), in that the character has superior mental skills and offers an ""outsider's"" perspective on humanity.[5] - Gene Roddenberry told Brent Spiner that over the course of the series, Data was to become ""more and more like a human until the end of the show, when he would be very close, but still not quite there. That was the idea and that's the way that the writers took it."" Spiner felt that Data exhibited the Chaplinesque characteristics of a sad, tragic clown.[6] To get into his role as Data, Spiner used the character of Robby the Robot from the film Forbidden Planet as a role model.[6] - Commenting on Data's perpetual albino-like appearance, he said: ""I spent more hours of the day in make-up than out of make-up"", so much so that he even called it a way of method acting.[6] Spiner also portrayed Data's manipulative and malevolent brother Lore (a role he found much easier to play, because the character was ""more like me""),[6] and Data's creator, Dr. Noonien Singh. Additionally, he portrayed another Soong-type android, B-4, in the film Star Trek: Nemesis, and also Arik Soong, one of Soong's ancestors in three episodes of Star Trek: Enterprise. Spiner said his favorite Data scene takes place in ""Descent"", when Data plays poker on the holodeck with a re-creation of the famous physicist Stephen Hawking, played by Hawking himself.[6] - Spiner reprised his role of Data in the Star Trek: Enterprise series finale ""These Are the Voyages..."" in an off-screen speaking part. Spiner felt that he had visibly aged out of the role and that Data was best presented as a youthful figure.[7] Spiner returned to the role for 2020 Star Trek: Picard,[8] having been convinced by the advent of digital de-aging tools.[9] Initially stating that the 2020 first season of Picard would be his final time playing Data,[10] Spiner returned to the role for the series' 2023 third and final season, portraying an aged Data, Lore, and B-4. - It was in the Star Trek prequel ""Star Trek: Enterprise"" episode ""The Augments"" that the origin of Data can be traced back to a scientific theory created by Genetic Engineer Arik Soong, ancestor to Data's ""father / creator"" Noonien Soong, who noted that his theory would take generations beyond his lifetime to develop into a practical working model. Arik Soong created the theory while serving life imprisonment for recreating the discontinued ""Augments"" program which originally started the Eugenics War of the late 20th century. This links the Data storyline to that of Khan Noonien Singh from the original Star Trek. - Dialog in ""Datalore"" establishes some of Data's backstory. It is stated that he was deactivated in 2336 on Omicron Theta before an attack by the Crystalline Entity, a spaceborne creature which converts life forms to energy for sustenance. He was found and reactivated by Starfleet personnel two years later. Data went to Starfleet Academy from 2341 to 2345 (he describes himself as ""Class of '78"" to Commander William Riker in the series premiere ""Encounter at Farpoint""—with ""honors in probability mechanics and exobiology"", although canonically may only refer to the stardate) and then served in Starfleet aboard the USS Trieste.[11] He was assigned to the Enterprise under Captain Jean-Luc Picard in 2364. In ""Datalore"", Data discovers his amoral brother, Lore, and learns that Dr. Noonien Soong created Data after Lore. Lore fails in an attempt to betray the Enterprise to the Crystalline Entity, and Wesley Crusher beams Data's brother into space at the episode's conclusion. Lore claimed to Data that Data being ""less-perfect"" which was a lie, as Soong later told Data in ""Brothers""; the only real difference between the two of them ""was some programming"" (Lore's positronic net differed from Data's: it had a Type-""L"" phase discriminator compared to Data's Type-""R""; see episode ""Time's Arrow""). - In ""The Measure of a Man"", a Starfleet judge rules that Data is not Starfleet property.[12] - Data's family is expanded in ""The Offspring"", which introduces Lal, a gynoid based on Data's neural interface and whom Data refers to as his daughter. Lal ""dies"" shortly after activation. In ""Brothers"", Data reunites with Dr. Soong. There he meets again with Lore, who steals the emotion chip Soong meant for Data to receive. Lore then fatally wounds Soong. In ""Descent"", Lore returns, using the emotion chip to control Data and make him help with Lore's attempt to make the Borg entirely artificial lifeforms. Data eventually deactivates Lore, and recovers, but does not install the damaged emotion chip. In ""Inheritance"", Soong's former wife Juliana reunites with Data, though the crew discovers she was a gynoid duplicate built by Soong after the real Julianna's death, programmed to die after a long life, and to believe she is the true Julianna unaware of the fact she is an android. Faced with the decision, Data chooses not to disclose this to her and allows her to continue her normal life. - In ""All Good Things..."", the two-hour series finale of The Next Generation, Captain Picard travels among three different time periods. The Picard of 25 years into the future goes with Geordi La Forge to seek advice from now Professor Data, a luminary physicist who holds the Lucasian Chair at Cambridge University. - In the film Star Trek Generations, Data finally installs the emotion chip he retrieved from Lore, and experiences the full scope of emotions. However, those emotions proved difficult to control and Data struggled to master them. In Star Trek: First Contact, Data has managed to gain complete control of the chip, which includes deactivating it to maintain his performance efficiency. In the film Star Trek: Nemesis, Data beams Picard off an enemy ship before destroying it, sacrificing himself and saving the captain and crew of the Enterprise. However, Data had copied his core memories into B-4, his lost brother who is introduced in the movie. This was done with the reluctant help of La Forge, who voiced concerns about how this could cause B-4 to be nothing more than an exact duplicate of Data. - In the first season of Star Trek: Picard, Data is seen in Picard's dreams, playing poker with him in Ten-Forward, and later painting in the middle of the vineyards of Chateau Picard. It is revealed that Dahj and Soji Asha are Data's daughters, created through fractal neuronic cloning, a procedure developed by Dr. Bruce Maddox. These neurons were apparently salvaged from B-4, who had been dismantled and placed in storage after his positronic net was found to be too primitive to integrate Data's memories. However, Data's consciousness is revealed to still exist inside a quantum simulation crafted by Maddox and based upon memories retrieved from the neurons Maddox salvaged from B-4, the equipment holding the network now in the possession of Altan Soong, Noonien Soong's biological son. After Picard dies, Altan Soong transfers Picard's consciousness into a golem intended for his own consciousness and Picard meets with Data inside the simulation. Data requests that Picard terminate his consciousness, which would allow Data the experience of dying, believing that he could only truly live if he had a finite lifespan. Once Picard awakens, he carries out Data's wish and Data's consciousness rapidly ages to death, Picard giving a brief eulogy as he observes that what made Data remarkable was his ability to see humanity's worst traits and still aspire to the best parts of the human condition. - In the third season of Star Trek: Picard, Data is revealed to have been revived by Altan within a new synthetic body, having partially merged with Lore, B-4, and the memories of Altan Soong himself. The new android was requisitioned by the Daystrom Institute, Starfleet's foremost advanced research center. Riker, Worf, and Raffi Musiker steal the android, and bring him aboard the USS Titan, where he is reunited with Picard. The android entity holds valuable information on Daystrom's research projects, and Data's persona reveals that the antagonists of the season have stolen Picard's original dead organic body. However, it takes several hours for La Forge to re-engineer the android to allow Data's persona to truly dominate it, with Lore's persona dominating in the meantime. Data's persona is seemingly unable to overpower Lore who has taken over the Titan's systems, but upon realizing that Lore envied the compassion and empathy Data developed from his memories, Data eventually surrenders them to Lore. Lore initially regards them as his battle trophies; they consume him, reintegrating Lore and reconstituting Data, allowing him to fully take over the new body and reprogram the Titan's systems against the antagonists. Data's personality is thus newly enriched, and attains its most human-like state. Once the antagonists' collaborators are revealed, Data becomes instrumental in ensuring their final defeat, and is last seen playing poker with his Enterprise crewmates at the Ten Forward bar in Los Angeles. - Spot is Data's pet cat and a recurring character in the show. Spot appears in several episodes during TNG's last four seasons, as well as in the feature films Star Trek Generations and Star Trek: Nemesis. She first appears in the episode ""Data's Day"". Despite her name, Spot is not actually patterned with spots. Spot originally appears as a male Somali cat, but later appears as a female orange tabby cat,[13] eventually giving birth to kittens (TNG: ""Genesis""). - Like Spock,[14] Data became a sex symbol and Spiner's fan mail came mostly from women. He described the letters as ""romantic mail"" that were ""really written to Data; he's a really accessible personality"".[15] - Robotics engineers regard Data (along with the droids from the Star Wars movies) as the pre-eminent face of robots in the public's perception of their field.[16] On April 9, 2008, Data was inducted into Carnegie Mellon University's Robot Hall of Fame during a ceremony at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[17] - Spiner himself released an album of old pop standards from the 1930s and '40s entitled Ol' Yellow Eyes Is Back, a reference to the contact lenses he wore as Data, as well as a play on the name of the Frank Sinatra album, Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back.[18] -",2023-08-26 18:38:04 -First-pass yield - Wikipedia,"First-pass yield (FPY), also known as throughput yield (TPY), is defined as the number of units coming out of a process divided by the number of units going into that process over a specified period of time.[1][2][3] - Consider the following: - You have a process that is divided into four sub-processes: A, B, C and D. Assume that you have 100 units entering process A. To calculate first time yield (FTY) you would: - For example: - (# units leaving the process as good parts) / (# units put into the process) = FTY - The total first time yield is equal to FTYofA * FTYofB * FTYofC * FTYofD or 0.9000 * 0.8889 * 0.9375 * 0.9333 = 0.7000. - You can also get the total process yield for the entire process by simply dividing the number of good units produced by the number going into the start of the process. In this case, 70/100 = 0.70 or 70% yield. - The same example using first pass yield (FPY) would take into account rework: - (# units leaving process A as good parts with no rework) / (# units put into the process) - First pass yield is only used for an individual sub-process. Multiplying the set of processes would give you Rolling throughput yield (RTY). RTY is equal to FPYofA * FPYofB * FPYofC * FPYofD = 0.8500 * 0.8889 * 0.8125 * 0.8267 = 0.5075 - Notice that the number of units going into each next process does not change from the original example, as that number of good units did, indeed, enter the next process. Yet the number of FPY units of each process counts only those that made it through the process as good parts that needed no rework to be good parts. The calculation of RTY, rolling throughput yield, shows how good the overall set of processes is at producing good overall output without having to rework units. -",2023-08-26 18:38:07 -"Louis I de Lorraine, Cardinal de Guise - Wikipedia","Louis de Lorraine, cardinal de Guise et prince-évêque de Metz (21 October 1527, in Joinville, Champagne – 29 March 1578, in Paris) was a French Roman Catholic cardinal and Bishop during the Italian Wars and French Wars of Religion. The third son of Claude, Duke of Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon he was destined from a young age for a church career. At the age of 18 he was appointed Bishop of Troyes, a position he could only serve in an administrative capacity as he would not reach the Canonical Age for another 9 years. Having served in this position for 5 years, he transferred to become Bishop of Albi, staying in this role until 1561, when he was replaced due to his lethargic suppression of 'heresy'. From here he moved to become Archbishop of Sens, a see he would hold from 1561 to 1562, during which time a massacre of Protestants would occur in the city. By 1562 he decided to retire from active episcopal involvement. Nevertheless, he would become Prince-Bishop of Metz in 1568, an office he would hold until his death a decade later. While he lacked much interest in spiritual matters and was renowned for his drinking, he built up a considerable empire of abbeys during his life, which he passed on to his nephew Claude, chevalier d'Aumale. - In 1562 he travelled with his brothers to Saverne for a meeting with the Duke of Württemberg at which the family discussed converting to Lutheranism, a prospect that would be destroyed by the Massacre of Wassy perpetrated by François, Duke of Guise on his return to France. At the death of the Duke the following year, he and Aumale engineered his final days to be conservatively orthodox. In the years of peace that followed the first war of religion, he was the only member of his family who remained at court, representing the militant Catholic cause, something he would continue to do after the Peace of Longjumeau while other counsellors were trying to secure the peace. He crowned Henri III in 1575, and continued to advocate for committed prosecution of the civil wars in his final years, before dying in 1578. - Louis de Lorraine was born in 1527 the fourth son of Claude, Duke of Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon. His brothers François, Duke of Guise, Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, Claude, Duke of Aumale, François de Lorraine, Grand Prior and René, Marquis of Elbeuf were born in 1519, 1524, 1526, 1534 and 1536 respectively. Meanwhile, his sister Marie de Guise, mother of Mary, Queen of Scots was born in 1515.[1] To avoid a fracturing of the families inheritance, Louis was destined for a career in the church.[2] - While Cardinal Guise could not claim the same number of benefices as his older brother, he was not without many abbeys, and together they formed a large ecclesiastical empire. Guise for his part controlled the abbey of Notre Dame des Trois Fontaines, Saint-Pierre and Saint-Thierri in Champagne alone.[3] With his elevation to Cardinal in 1553, the family could boast of having two Cardinals in the same generation.[4] To maintain the families ecclesiastical empire more effectively, they engaged in benefice juggling. Cardinal Guise bequeathed several abbeys in commendam to his nephew Claude, Chevalier d'Aumale. In total these provided revenues of 40,000 livres to the young chevalier.[5] Just one of these abbey's, which Guise resigned in 1572, that of Bec, had annual revenues of 24,000 livres which was twice the revenues provided by his brothers' duchy of Aumale. Upon Cardinal Guise's death in 1578, the chevalier acquired many more of his abbeys.[6] - Cardinal Guise acquired in his lifetime the derisive moniker of 'cardinal des bouteilles' due to his reputed fondness for drinking.[7] He acquired great wealth during his lifetime, and was the longest living of all the Guise brothers of his generation. However he lacked the capacity or inclination to be a leader in the way his brothers Lorraine and Guise had been in the previous decade.[8] - His nephew was Louis II, Cardinal of Guise (made cardinal, 1578). His great-nephew was Louis III, Cardinal of Guise (made cardinal, 1615).[9] - Guise was made Bishop of Troyes on 11 May 1545,[3] at the age of 18, a position he had to hold as administrator until he reached the canonical age of 27. Upon the death of François I in 1547, Cardinal Guise had reached an age at which he could participate actively in court life.[10] During 1550 in his capacity as bishop of Troyes, he had been sent 5 suspects who had been accused of blasphemy and heresy. They had originally been sent to the Parlement of Paris for trial, but the Parlement simply sent them back for Cardinal Guise to hold in the local prison, without any further punishment. The most severe punishment the Parlement gave to a member of his diocese was a combination of banishment, confiscation of property and several days of public flogging. No suspected heretics in his diocese were killed in the chambre ardente during his tenure.[11] - He was transferred to the see of Albi on 27 June 1550.[12] After ceasing to be bishop of Albi in 1561, he was granted a pension of 10,000 livres. He maintained this pension through the next three bishops that succeeded him to the post, at the end of his life in 1578 Giulio de Medici was fruitlessly trying to get the Pope to cancel it.[13] Alongside these revenues, he received 6000 livres from Condom and half of the revenues of Sens. This was despite the fact he had never served as bishop of Condom or Sens.[14] Guise was created cardinal by Pope Julius III on 22 December 1553.[12] - During the 1554 campaign season of the Italian Wars, the French achieved a surprise victory at the Battle of Renty, the king personally witnessed the battle from nearby, in the company of the Cardinal Guise. Shortly thereafter the spoils of the battle were presented to him.[15] - By 1558, the Guise rival for political authority was a prisoner of the Spanish, and they enjoyed the fruits, a marriage secured between their niece and the dauphin. At the festivities, the Cardinals Bourbon, Lorraine, Guise, Sens, Meudon and Lenoncourt proceeded the dauphin who was brought forth by Navarre.[16] - Cardinal Guise was relieved of his authority over Albi in 1561, as it was felt that he lacked the energy to sufficiently prosecute a war against heresy in his diocese. He was replaced by Lorenzo Strozzi, who had called royal troops in to crush suspected heretics in his previous residence at Béziers.[17] He received the archbishopric of Sens on 9 May 1561 but resigned it in 1562 to Cardinal de Pellevée. During Cardinal Guise's tenure as Archbishop of Sens, the Protestants of the town were massacred by militant elements of the populace in April 1562.[18] With his departure from Sens, he retired from active involvement in the episcopacy.[19] - In February 1562, he travelled to Saverne to meet with the Duke of Württemberg, along with his brothers the Duke of Guise, Lorraine and the Grand Prior.[20] Cardinal Guise and the Grand Prior would largely be a peripheral presence in the discussions that followed, with Guise and Lorraine exploring the possibility of converting to Lutheranism with the Protestant German duke. Lutheranism was a far more agreeable creed for the Guise than the Calvinism which dominated French Protestantism. The meeting ended positively, with Lorraine opining that he would trade his red robe for a black one. However the initiative of the meeting would be destroyed on the duke of Guise's return to France, his troops massacring a Protestant service as they passed through Wassy.[21][22][23] - After the assassination of the Cardinal's brother, the duke of Guise in March 1563, Cardinal Guise and his brother Claude, Duke of Aumale hurried to the scene to see their brother off, and ensure his exit was stage managed in a suitably hardline Catholic fashion. The death of Antoine of Navarre, their cousin in October 1562 had been plagued with rumours of religious unorthodoxy. To this end, they selected an arch conservative confessor for him the Bishop of Riez. He reported that the duke enjoyed the Epistle of James in his final moments, a controversial epistile, described by Martin Luther as an 'epistle of straw', and that the duke defended the Real Presence. Those who were with Riez at the duke's deathbed disputed much of what he said, however by this point the words were already circulating in print. Aumale and Cardinal Guise had succeeded in their objective.[24] - With the first war of religion brought to a close by the Peace of Amboise. Catherine de Medici worked hard to secure the nobility was reconciled with each other. To this end she sort to rehabilitate the Prince of Condé who had led the rebel army during the war. She proudly informed the duchesse de Guise that Cardinal Guise and Jacques, Duke of Nemours were reconciled with the Prince.[25] - In the years of peace that followed, Cardinal Guise would be a regular fixture on the conseil privé. He and his brother Lorraine (after his return) represented the hardline Catholic position in the court, alongside the Duke of Montpensier and Nevers.[26] During the royal tour that circumnavigated the kingdom from 1564 to 1566, Cardinal Guise was the only member of his family who accompanied the court on its journey. The rest of his family, feeling the sting of royal displeasure having retreated to Joinville.[27] - In 1565 he was among the notables who attended the Conference of Bayonne. During the meeting the Duke of Alba, negotiating for the Spanish complemented Cardinal Guise on his steadfast Catholicism. While the subject of the meeting was the fairly uncontroversial matter of marriage arrangements between the royal families of the two kingdoms. This was misinterpreted, deliberately or otherwise by leading Protestant nobles who were not present as a meeting to discuss the liquidation of French Protestants. This would be one of the impetuses for the Protestant coup that started the second war of religion.[28][29][30] That same year, he attempted to prosecute a 'heretical' curate in the town of Courtenay, his efforts were however confounded when the seigneur de Courtenay seized the official that the Cardinal had sent, holding him as a hostage until the curate was released.[31] - At a council meeting in May 1568, the majority of the councillors present pre-occupied themselves with how best to ensure that the recent Peace of Longjumeau was properly enforced, proposing various methods by which the king could make his authority on the matter clear. For Cardinal Guise and Lorraine there was a different priority. They spent the meeting discussing how it was important for the Protestants to be brought back to Catholicism, and that until such time as that could be achieved, they must be kept under armed guard. For the moment their advice was ignored.[32] Cardinal Guise was among those in the procession in Paris in 1568 at the outset of the third war of religion. Charles IX had just recovered from a grave illness, and as such the symbols of monarchical authority were carried through the streets by clergyman.[33] On 5 October 1568 he was made Bishop of Metz.[12] That same month, he and Lorraine travelled to Étampes in the company of the lieutenant-general of the kingdom, the king's brother, Anjou who had set out to campaign against the Protestants.[34] During the war he would be dispatched to Spain to secure reinforcements for the crown from Philip II. Catherine wrote frustratedly to him in June, inquiring as to why the troops had not yet arrived.[35] - At this time, the Duke of Nevers had emerged as the leading adviser to Anjou, who would one day be king as Henri III. Nevers counselled Anjou that Cardinal Guise was a dullard, who had no place on the conseil privé due to lacking the intelligence for matters of state.[36] - As a mechanism to secure the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Catherine de Medici desired to establish a marriage between her daughter Marguerite de Valois and the Protestant King of Navarre. This was theologically difficult as such a marriage would require Papal blessing, due to involving a Protestant and Catholic. It proved impossible for the crown to acquire such dispensation. As a result, it was decided to do it on the authority of the king. To ensure this went over smoothly in the French church, pressure was applied to Cardinals Bourbon, Lorraine, Guise and Sens. All of them were eventually pressured into consenting.[37] - He crowned Henry III of France at Reims on 13 February 1575.[38] In early 1576, the Italian ambassador Morosini reported that Cardinal Guise had joined a faction of nobles, determined to resist any attempts to bring the fifth war of religion to a close without a total victory. Morosini also suggested the Duke of Guise, Nevers and Nemours as being party to this plot.[39] Cardinal Guise again found himself in the war faction in 1577, at the outbreak of the sixth war of religion, aimed at delivering a harsher peace than that of the Peace of Monsieur, Cardinal Guise, the duke of Guise, Charles, Duke of Mayenne and Nevers all advocated for making war on the Protestants, despite the Estates General having refused to finance the effort.[40] He died in 1578.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:38:12 -Philis de La Charce - Wikipedia,"Philis de La Charce, also called Philis de La Tour, (5 January 1645 in Montmortin – 4 June 1703 in Nyons) was a French war hero in the Dauphiné region of France during the Nine Years' War, which was waged 1688–1697. - Her birthname was Philippe de la Tour du Pin de La Charce and she was born in Montmortin as the fifth child of the Protestant noble family La Tour du Pin. The family was particularly influential in the Dauphiné and they lived in the Château de La Charce. Her parents were Catherine Françoise de La Tour du Pin-Mirabel, and Pierre III de la Tour du Pin-Gouvernet, the Margrave of Charce and Lieutenant General or Field Marshal of the King's army of the Dauphiné.[1][2][3][4] - Between 1672 and 1674, Philippe stayed in Nyons, where she met the scholar and poet Antoinette Deshoulières and subsequently, Philippe changed her name to Philis after one of the characters in the novel L'Astrée by Honoré d'Urfé.[1] - When King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, which caused an exodus of Protestants from the country, Philis converted to Catholicism and remained in the area.[1] - In 1692, Viktor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia, invaded the Dauphiné to take the French Alpine town of Grenoble. Marshal Nicolas Catinat is credited with thwarting the effort as commander of the French army.[1] - According to legend, Philis de La Charce helped in this action by arming herself with a sword and leading a quickly raised peasant army against the invaders.[5] Other legends attribute several great victories to her, but historians say that she fought only a few local skirmishes.[1][3] Still, it is popularly imagined that she was on horseback with sword in hand when she headed her peasant army to liberate the towns of Gap, the Diois and the Baronnies (which includes Nyon).[6] - -Afterward, Philis was called to Paris to ""receive the favor of King Louis XIV"" for her loyal services.[2] During her stay in Paris, she was awarded a pension by King Louis XIV of 2,000 pounds, a portrait by Pierre Mignard and a dedication by Charles Perrault. A quote by Voltaire, three other portraits, three novels, a statue, a street name in three cities, not to mention the Homeric historical dispute since the end of the 19th century and her systematic presence in local and regional publications at the end of the 20th – beginning 21st centuries show the perpetuation of the legendary gesture of Philis.[2] Her sword and portrait are kept in the Bourbon crown treasure, and she is sometimes referred to as ""the Joan of Arc of Dauphiné.""[6] - Philis died in Nyons, where her remains were originally buried in the parish church. In 1857, they were transferred to a mausoleum built for her by the city. -",2023-08-26 18:38:16 -2018 PGA EuroPro Tour - Wikipedia,"The 2018 PGA EuroPro Tour, titled as the 2018 HotelPlanner.com PGA EuroPro Tour for sponsorship reasons, was the 17th season of the PGA EuroPro Tour, a third-tier tour recognised by the European Tour. - The following table lists official events during the 2018 season.[1] - The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Pound sterling.[2] The top five players on the tour (not otherwise exempt) earned status to play on the 2019 Challenge Tour.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:38:19 -Hamad Al Fardan - Wikipedia,"Hamad Al Fardan (Arabic: حامد الفردن; born June 29, 1987, in Manama), is a Bahraini racing driver and musician. He is the first Bahraini to drive at GP2 Series level. - Al Fardan is the son of rally driver Ahmed Al Fardan.[1] His first experience of formula racing came in 2004, when he drove in the Formula BMW Asia series. In 2005, he undertook a full season in the championship with the Malaysian team Meritus and finished third overall. He also raced in the Formula BMW World Final, finishing in eighteenth position. For 2006, he returned to the series for two races only due to commitments in other championships, winning both of them. - Al Fardan competed in the Formula Asia V6 Renault championship in 2006, finishing the championship in sixth place with one win despite missing the last four races of the season. He again raced for the Meritus team. He returned to the series for 2009 and won the opening four races before the remainder of the season was cancelled, leaving him champion by default. - Al Fardan also drove in the New Zealand-based Toyota Racing Series for 2006, again employed by Meritus. Scoring one race victory, the New Zealand Grand Prix, he finished thirteenth in the championship. He remained in the formula for 2007, although he switched teams to Mark Petch Motorsport. In this year he won two races and moved up to eleventh place in the championship. It was a hectic season for Al Fardan, as he also competed in British Formula 3 on the other side of the world. - Al Fardan moved to the National Class of the British Formula 3 Championship for 2007 (in addition to his TRS commitments), where he established himself as a frontrunner in the series.[2] He finished third in the championship for the Performance Racing team, despite not winning a race. - Over the winter of 2007–08, he moved to the Asian Formula Three Championship, driving for a national team sponsored by the Arabian bank Gulf House Finance. He won both rounds of the season-opener at the Sepang circuit in Malaysia,[3][4] and two further races, but then accused the team of fastest man, Frédéric Vervisch, of cheating. He declined to make a protest preferring to walk away.[5] He finished fourth in the championship. Following his performance in 2007, Toyota F1 test driver Kamui Kobayashi tipped him to become the first Middle Eastern driver to make it to Formula One.[1] - Al Fardan moved to the German ATS Formel 3 Cup for 2008, where he was placed eleventh in the final standings, although his season was disrupted by injury.[6] - Al Fardan signed for the iSport International team to compete in the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season, becoming the first Bahraini and Arabian driver to race at this level. His backing from Gulf Finance House also meant that the team changed its name to GFH Team iSport for the duration of the championship.[7] He finished 20th in the championship standings, scoring two points. He has not raced since, despite being linked to a 2010 Auto GP drive with DAMS. - (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) -",2023-08-26 18:38:23 -Adlawan - Wikipedia,"Adlawan is a Filipino surname of Cebuano origin (means ""in daylight""). Notable people with the surname include: -",2023-08-26 18:38:27 -Carlo Anti - Wikipedia,"Carlo Anti (28 April 1889 – 9 June 1961) was an archaeologist and an officer in the army in the First World War and until 1922. - Born in Villafranca di Verona, Anti studied at Verona and Bologna, where he graduated with Gherardo Ghirardini. Thereafter he transferred to Rome to study at the Italian Archaeological School and then to be an inspector at the Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography. During his years studying in Rome he married his wife, Clelia Vinciguerra, also a cum at the school. Among his teachers at this time, he remembered Emanuel Löwy, a great Austrian archaeologist active in Rome during those years, who supported him in developing his interest in the history of artists, already stimulated by his contact with the school of Monaco and opposed to the Art history founded by Johann Joachim Winckelmann. - In 1914 he travelled for the first time to Greece, where he had the opportunity to meet Italian and foreign scholars, including Luigi Pernier, Biagio Pace, Wilhelm Dörpfeld and Panagiotis Kavvadias.[1] - In 1921 he was invited to Anatolia by Amedeo Maiuri and Roberto Paribeni with the task of exploring Lycia and Pamphylia, as part of vague Italian attempts to establish a presence in Turkey.[2] - From 1922, his archaeological and scholarly activities were linked to the University of Padua. In the same year, he curated the exhibition of 33 African objects at the Pigorini Museum and the Ethnographic Museum of Florence for the 13th Venetian Biennial.[3] - From 1925 to 1936 he performed the role of assistance to Luigi Pernier at the excavations of the Sanctuary of Apollo at Cyrene. At Cyrene, Anti was entrusted with the study of the material, while Pernier was responsible for the excavation.[4] In 1930, the excavation of Umm el Breighat (ancient Tebtunis), in the Egyptian desert, followed.[5] - During the period of his rectorate (1932-1938), Carlo Anti's activities in the archaeological field became fewer, but by 1943 he had returned to dedicating himself to study. Anti was subject to a purge and was removed from the university, but in the following year he returned to teaching, which he continued to do until he retired in 1959. - Already a professor at the University of Padua, he was named Magnifico rettore (Rector) in 1932. - During the eleven years in which he held the position of Rector at the University of Padua, Anti dedicated himself to the renovation and modernisation of the university buildings and its research facilities, thanks to the investment of 45 million lire in 1932, to which a further 12 million was added in 1938, giving the academy ""an organic and unified built environment."" New buildings incorporated among the old ones, included the student house ""Prince of Piedmont"" (1935) and the Palazzo Liviano (1940), which is the location of the Faculty of Literature and Philosophy to this day.[6] Carlo Anti's interest in the history and origins of the institution caused him to found a Library of the Rectorate as well.[7] - He was replaced in the position of rector by Concetto Marchesi, in light of the changing political conditions in Italy. Although he was a political adversary of him, Marchesi did not fail to stress the importance of the scholarly work of Carlo Anti, regretting that he was for a time distracted by the obligations of administration, on the occasion of the award of the national prize of the Lincei for his volume, Teatri greci arcaici, in 1949.[8] - In his autobiography, Norberto Bobbio called Carlo Anti ""the rector, famous archaeologist, and complete and utter fascist"". At the time, Bobbio was teaching Philosophy of law at the University of Padua.[9] - Both the expensive building programme (1932-1938) of renovations to the academy which Anti carried out with great energy and his interest in the sporting activities of the youth were characteristic of the fascist period. According to Luigi Polacco, ""it is necessary to recognise in Carlo Anti a certain naivete, when we find in the documents an account of misplaced trust given to these organisations and the kind of generous optimism with which he interpreted their work.""[10] - In favour of the racial laws of 1938, Anti made himself their implementer at the University of Padua, with the lapse of support for all Jewish teachers, in a letter ""free... of the normal greetings."".[11] At the same time, Anti commissioned the Jew, Massimo Campigli, for the frescoes of the Faculty of Literature, and appointed the Latinist Concetto Marchesi, noted politically as an anti-fascist, to a teaching position.[12] Marchesi succeeded Anti in the position of Rector in 1943. - On 16 December 1943, he was nominated by the Council of Ministers of the Italian Social Republic to the Directorate General of the Arts, and appointed as the Director General.[13] In this role, he dedicated himself to opposing the Nazi Party's deportation of Italian works of art to Germany.[14] - One of his more important works was the volume Teatri greci arcaici (Archaic Greek Theatres) of 1947, for which he was awarded the national prize of the Lincei in 1949 despite the great controversy deriving from continuing political aversion to the Fascist period. -",2023-08-26 18:38:31 -Inspector Ghote Goes by Train - Wikipedia," - Inspector Ghote Goes By Train is a crime novel by H. R. F. Keating. It is the seventh novel in the Inspector Ghote series. - Inspector Ghote's latest assignment is simple and offers the chance for well-deserved rest. He is to escort an infamous confidence trickster from Calcutta to Mumbai by railway. Ghote is looking forward to relaxing in air-conditioned comfort on the Calcutta Mail train as it passes through the beautiful Indian scenery, but his travelling companions make the journey far from restful.[1] - The novel opens with an article in The Times of India, which names Ghote as the officer to escort fraudster A. K. Bhattacharya from Calcutta to Mumbai. Bhattacharya made a fortune selling wax fakes of ancient Indian statues as the real thing. An American professor exposed him with a cigar lighter but Bhattacharya escaped. He has never been photographed and only his description is known. - On the train Ghote finds himself in a compartment with a well dressed, charming Bengali. Ghote is reluctant to talk about his mission and his travelling companion begins trying to guess Ghote's profession and reason for travel; his guesses are ridiculous, possibly even insulting. Eventually he guesses that Ghote is the Inspector escorting Bhattacharya to trial. - Ghote notes the initials on his companion's luggage are A. K. B. and suspects the man may, in fact, be A. K. Bhattacharya. The stranger reveals that he had read the newspaper article about Ghote and introduces himself as A. K. Bannerjee. - The next day Ghote and Bannerjee are joined in their compartment by a pair of young backpackers travelling with an Indian Guru. The boy, Red, is British and the girl, Mary Jane, is an American. They are hippies. Ghote argues their right to be in the compartment without tickets, but the train moves off and it is impossible for the trio to disembark. Although Red is antagonistic towards Ghote, Mary Jane charms the inspector. - The next morning a telegram informs Ghote the prisoner in Calcutta is actually A. K. Biswas, wanted in Mumbai for gambling offences, not Bhattacharya. - Bannerjee discovers Red has used J. R. Kipling's novel ""Kim"" as the source for much of his journey across India. Ghote persuades Red to take Mr Bannerjee's photograph. Bannerjee convinces Red to wait until the next day. - The next morning Bannerjee oversleeps, then claims his unshaven face is unsuitable for photography. All the film proves to be missing from the camera and the luggage. Bannerjee blames thieves at the last station. Red suspects Bannerjee but can prove nothing. - At the next stop a Mr Ramaswami joins them. He explains his job consists of visiting each station on the railway to see that railway stationary and forms are only used for official purposes. Bannerjee suggests that Ramaswami falsifies his returns to save travelling so much. - Shortly thereafter Bannerjee questions the ethics of Ghote condemning a person to jail. Ghote insists that would be the job of the magistrates and judges. Bannerjee seeks to enlist the guru as a moral ally in his cause. The guru is unhelpful, saying that a man lives his life regardless of his surroundings and brings to everyone's attention Mr Bannerjee's use of hair dye. Bannerjee claims he dyes his hair from simple vanity, though he jokingly calls it a disguise. - Mr Ramaswami notices the initials on Bannerjee's suitcase and accuses Bannerjee of being A. K. Bhattacharya but relents, as it seems too far-fetched. - At the last stop before Calcutta, Bannerjee persuades Ghote to get a shave from one of the local barbers. The barber Bannerjee selects speaks no language Ghote knows. The barber is deliberately very slow. The train pulls out and Ghote has to run and jump to get on board. Ghote accuses Bannerjee of engineering the incident so that Ghote would be left behind. In a dialect that the backpackers do not speak Bannerjee blames Red and Mary Jane, claiming that they feared Ghote would denounce them for not having visas. - The train approaches Calcutta and Bannerjee notes that he feels as if A. K. Bhattacharya were on the train with them. He praises Bhattacharya at length and suggests that he is akin to the hippies, Red and Mary Jane, in that he breaks down the barriers of society that have become too rigid. In so doing Bannerjee inadvertently incites those present to break the law, which gives Ghote the opportunity to arrest him. As the train draws up to the platform ""Bannerjee"" refers to Bhattacharya's scheme being exposed with a cigar lighter, which is not public knowledge. Ghote exposes and arrests Bhattacharya. - Ghote travels in a private carriage on the return journey. He has been ordered to get a confession from Bhattacharya, since the authorities wish to avoid the expense of a full trial. Ghote must also escort Mr Biswas, the card sharp, back to Mumbai for trial. - At the last minute, Red and Mary Jane board the carriage, claiming to be concerned for Bhattacharya's well-being. Bhattacharya states his intention to escape during the journey and claims he has accomplices who will help him. Ghote suspects the backpackers of being Bhattacharya's accomplices. - As night falls, Ghote works on getting Bhattacharya to confess. Mary Jane argues that Bhattacharya is a force for good in society, as he boasted on the outward journey. Mary Jane believes this should be his courtroom defence. - Ghote sees Mr Ramaswami at a station and invites him to join the party in the private carriage. Bhattacharya tries to frighten Mr Ramaswami by claiming to be friends with Thuggee cultists, who murder travellers. Ghote rebuffs this and indicates that Bhattacharya can expect a thirty-year prison sentence. The length of the sentence horrifies Ghote's travelling companions and Ghote goes to sleep resolving to use a sympathetic approach to draw Bhattacharya into a confession. - The next day Ghote suggests the charges could be reduced if Bhattacharya pleas guilty. Bhattacharya in turn offers Ghote a partnership in exchange for the charges being reduced to a single, minor item. Ghote rejects this. - At lunch Red abruptly insists on taking Ghote's photograph. The train enters a dark tunnel and no one can see anything. Ghote finds the meal bitter and unpleasant but has a second helping to please the cook and notices the second helping tastes different. - Ghote realises that he has been drugged. He forces himself to get up and vomit in the toilet, then collapses. Waking, he overhears Mary Jane arguing with Bhattacharya. He asks for tea, which Mary Jane helps him to drink. By the time the train reaches the next station Ghote is well again. He decides to take no action against Red, who he is sure is responsible for the poisoning, out of respect for Mary Jane. - At the next station an old lady, Mrs Chiplanka, insists in joining their carriage. She claims to be a respectable pillar of the community who once worked with Mahatma Gandhi to achieve independence from the British. Ghote notes her spectacles are fitted with ordinary window glass. He searches her luggage but finds nothing. Although Ghote suspects her of being Bhattacharya's accomplice, he can do nothing without evidence. - That afternoon Ghote makes little progress in obtaining a confession, so he decides to wear down Bhattacharya by depriving him of sleep. Mrs Chiplanka objects to this as it is a form of torture. Angered, Ghote accuses her of being Bhattacharya's accomplice. - Mrs Chiplanka, embarrassed, admits that she wears the glasses for show. Many years ago Gandhi told her to wear spectacles when he saw her leaning close to her work. Rather than correct the great man's mistake or worry him, Mrs Chiplanka began wearing false glasses much like his own. - After this, Ghote realises there never were any accomplices and Bhattacharya says he will plea guilty. He makes a full statement, which Ghote takes down. - Red seems disillusioned by Bhattacharya's confession. Mary Jane comforts Red, who agrees to go with her to the United States of America. - Bhattacharya signs the statement, which is witnessed by Ramaswami. Tired from the long night, Ghote accepts Ramaswami's offer to guard Bhattacharya while Ghote sleeps. - An hour later Ghote is woken. Bhattacharya has escaped. Ghote gives chase. The train is in motion and Ghote searches the other carriages then climbs onto the roof. He finds Bhattacharya in the driver's compartment and takes him into custody. Moments later the train arrives in Mumbai and the novel ends. - In the first half of the novel the main theme is one of suspense and doubt as Ghote alternately becomes increasingly certain and uncertain about the real identity of A. K. Bannerjee. In the second half the novel focuses on the difference between laws and morality as Ghote and Bhattacharya argue about the morality of the latter's crimes as opposed to their legality. - On the journey to Calcutta Inspector Ghote reads The D.A. Breaks An Egg by Earl Stanley Gardner (pub. William Morrow, 1949, USA). The D.A. Breaks An Egg is the ninth and last book in the Doug Selby series of novels. The D. A. Breaks An Egg may be featured in Inspector Ghote Goes By Train because the preceding novel in the Inspector Ghote series was entitled Inspector Ghote Breaks An Egg. - Keating also refers to Gardner's more successful Perry Mason series. - The character, Red, has read and been inspired by Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim. - Amazon.co.uk quotes the following review for the 1989 edition of Inspector Ghote Goes By Train. - Gentle Ganesh Ghote, so mild you might underestimate his tenaciousness, takes a long trip from his native Bombay to Calcutta and back to apprehend a ""confidence-trickster"" presumably in jail in Calcutta, actually - he suspects - facing him in his railway compartment. His adversary goads him, drugs him, and eludes him even in these confined quarters and there's a clattering chase at the close. A very delicate diddle which quite sneaks up on you. An independent video review was posted on ""YouTube.com"" on the 17 August 2008 by the user ""Crashsolo"", as part of the ""One Minute Critic"" series of reviews. The review is mainly positive with the reservation that the story is at times ""slow"".[2] - The novel is set on the Indian railway system, with brief scenes set in Mumbai and Calcutta. -",2023-08-26 18:38:35 -Coldwell Banker - Wikipedia,"Coldwell Banker Real Estate LLC is an American real estate franchise owned by Anywhere Real Estate, with headquarters in Madison, New Jersey. It was founded in 1906 in San Francisco,[1] and has approximately 3000 offices in 49 countries and territories.[2] It publishes an annual house price guide, Home Listing Report.[3][4] - After the devastating 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fires, Albert Nion Tucker, Colbert Coldwell and John Conant Lynch formed Tucker, Lynch and Coldwell on August 27, 1906.[5] -Benjamin Arthur Banker joined the firm as a salesman in 1913, and became a partner in 1914. The company changed its name to Coldwell, Kern & Banker in 1918. In 1919 the name became Coldwell, Kern, Cornwall & Banker, and in 1920, Coldwell Cornwall & Banker. Cornwall retired in 1940, and the company name changed again to Coldwell, Banker & Company, which was shortened to Coldwell Banker in 1974. Banker and Coldwell remained active in the company throughout their lives.[5][6] - In 1920, Coldwell Banker moved to a three-story building in San Francisco. It opened an office in Phoenix, Arizona, its first outside California, in 1952.[6] In the 1970s the company expanded by acquiring firms in Atlanta, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. The first international Coldwell Banker office opened in Toronto, Canada in 1996.[6] - Coldwell Banker & Company became a corporation in 1961, and went public in 1968. In 1981 it was bought by Sears, Roebuck, and became part of the Sears Financial Network.[6][7] In 1989, Sears sold Coldwell Banker's commercial unit to a management-led buyout group including The Carlyle Group for approximately $300 million.[8][9] As part of the sale, the residential unit retained the Coldwell Banker name; the commercial group has changed names several times after the sale and various mergers and acquisitions, and is now CBRE Group. - Sears sold Coldwell Banker's surviving residential unit to the Fremont Group, a California investment company, for $230 million in 1993.[10] It was sold to HFS Inc., later Cendant, in 1996.[11][12] When Cendant broke up in 2006, the real estate businesses were spun off as Realogy, which was sold to Apollo Management for about $7.75 billion.[13] In 2022, Realogy rebranded as Anywhere Real Estate, Inc. - In 2006 helped to raise $5 million to support 100 Habitat for Humanity homes to commemorate its 100th anniversary.[14] In February 2015 it collaborated with Adopt-a-Pet.com, a dog adoption website.[15] -",2023-08-26 18:38:39 -River Leach - Wikipedia," - The River Leach is a river tributary to the River Thames, in England which runs mostly in Gloucestershire. It is approximately 18 miles (29 km) long, springing from the limestone uplands of the Cotswolds. In parts of its course it becomes a seasonal bourn, only running above ground when there is sufficient rainfall. Despite its small size it gives its name to two towns and a pair of villages. - The source of the Leach is in the village of Hampnett, about ten miles east of Cheltenham just south of the A40 road.[1] The source spring is enclosed by stonework and pours from a pipe. It seems likely that this spring in a sheltered valley on the Cotswold uplands was the original reason for the existence of the village of Hampnett. According to residents, this section runs all year round.[citation needed] - After running a mile down its limestone valley, the Leach reaches Northleach, the first settlement to which it gives its name. The river enters Northleach to the south west, where it gushes out of a Victorian conduit just below the Fosse Way. At this point it is also known as the Seven Springs.[2] The site of the first watermill on the river is in a part of Northleach called Mill End. A section of the river is confined into mill race type stonework, close to the churchyard and runs behind houses marking the town boundary. The river can next be seen at a road bridge at the end of the town. It is still little more than ditch-sized, and as such continues down the valley to the hamlet of Eastington running alongside a lane before passing through a culvert and away through grazing land. - The river runs behind Lodge Park, a National Trust property, and through Larkethill Wood, where it flows under another lane, before passing Kilkenny Farm.[3] The Leach valley shows as a substantial dip in the B4425 Cirencester-Burford road. The river has an embankment at the bottom of the valley, but has not increased in size. Through all this section the river is often nearly invisible under summer vegetation. It then passes Swyre Farm with another road crossing, then Dean Farm, before reaching a very picturesque winding valley, crossed by the Westwell-Hatherop road.[4] This section is notably a bourn in an unremarkable depression, which normally runs in the winter, but often disappears in the summer. (In recent dry winters - writing at summer 2007 - this section remained dry. Even more unusually, as of July 2007, it was running which has not happened during the summer for many years. The bourn section had been running continuously for long enough to have taken on the appearance of a river, with a scoured bed and water plants.) - Between this road crossing and the paired villages of Eastleach Martin and Eastleach Turville is the point at which the bourn becomes an all year river. Here it is crossed by a stone slab clapper bridge on a footpath close to a wide marshy area. A small spring rises close to the bridge. By the time the river passes between the Eastleach villages, each with their parish churches just a few hundred yards apart, the Leach has become a ""proper"" river, several yards (metres) wide. Between the villages a road bridge and another ""clapper"" footbridge cross the river. It passes another old mill between the Eastleaches and Southrop (pronounced ""Suth-er-op"") then skirts the hamlet of Fyfield. At the bridge at Southrop it divides into several channels, making a very attractive effect. From Southrop, the Leach forms the border between Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. - There are three large watermills (none working) on the river in fairly quick succession, firstly at Little Faringdon close to Lechlade the second town named after the river, then at Lechlade Mill,[5] and finally Priory Mill which is situated on the Kelmscott road. A few hundred yards (metres) later the Leach discharges from the northern bank into the Thames on the reach above Buscot Lock. It joins at the corner of the camping field behind The Trout Inn.[6] - The Environment Agency measure water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.[7] - Water quality of the River Leach in 2019: -",2023-08-26 18:38:44 -Brewer Investment Group - Wikipedia,"Brewer Investment Group[1] is a wealth management firm founded in 2000 and headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. - The firm owns five subsidiary companies: Brewer Financial Services; Brewer Investment Advisor (RIA); Advisor Resource; Brewer Futures Group; and Brewer Insurance Group. [1] - The Securities and Exchange Commission announced that, on October 28, 2010, it filed a civil action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, against Brewer Financial Services, LLC (""BFS""), a registered broker-dealer, Brewer Investment Advisors, LLC (""BIA""), a registered investment adviser, Brewer Investment Group, LLC (""BIG""), their parent holding company, and their managing principals/officers, Steven Brewer and Adam Erickson, for allegedly participating in a fraudulent offering of promissory notes. BFS, BIA, and BIG are based in, and Brewer and Erickson reside in, Chicago, Illinois.[citation needed] - The Complaint alleges that, from June 2009 through at least September 2010, the defendants raised approximately $5.6 million from 74 investors who invested in promissory notes issued by an Isle of Man company. Although investors were told that their money would be used to repay certain debts of the issuer's parent company, and thereby release assets that would be used to secure their promissory note obligations, the Complaint alleges that nearly all of the offering proceeds were transferred to BIG and its subsidiaries. According to the Complaint, in addition to misrepresenting the manner in which the offering proceeds would be used, the defendants failed to tell investors that BIG and its subsidiaries were in a precarious financial state. In addition to sustaining substantial operating losses from the inception of the offering through the present, BIG had failed to make required interest payments to investors by July 1, 2010, and had failed to meet its own payroll obligations by August 2010. The Complaint alleges that, notwithstanding, and without disclosing, this material information, the defendants continued selling promissory notes to new investors for at least three additional months. According to the Complaint, the note offerings were not registered with the Commission.[2] - Brewer Financial Services, LLC - Brewer Investment Advisors, LLC - Advisor Resource, LLC - Brewer Futures Group, LLC - Brewer Insurance Group, LLC - Steve Brewer: Founder and CEO of Brewer Investment Group. Founded company in 2000. - Bob Whalen: President of Brewer Financial Services. In 2008, Whalen, former vice president of Ameriprise Financial Services, was hired by Brewer.[9][10] - Adam Erickson: Managing Principal, COO of Brewer Investment Group. - Richard Chew: Managing Director of Brewer Insurance Group. Chew was named Managing Director in March 2009 as announced by Fidelity Investments.[11] - Jay Norris: Senior Market Strategist of Brewer Futures Group.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:38:47 -Coming Out (novel) - Wikipedia,"Coming Out is a novel by Danielle Steel, published by Random House in June 2006. The book is Steel's sixty-ninth novel. - Olympia Crawford Rubinstein, lawyer, wife and mother to twin daughters, a son in college and one in kindergarten, Olympia' life is perfect. Until she opens an invitation for her daughters to attend the most exclusive coming-out ball in New York–and chaos erupts all around her. One twin is outraged whilst the other is ecstatic. Her husband is appalled and as her family is thrown into disarray, the ball turns out to be a blessing in disguise as old wounds are healed and the family learn acceptance and love are all they ever needed. - - This article about a romance novel of the 2000s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.",2023-08-26 18:38:51 -Greens Norton - Wikipedia," - Greens Norton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Towcester. At the 2011 census the parish, including Caswell and Duncote, had a population of 1,526,[1] a slight decrease since the 2001 census.[2] - Located on Watling Street,[3] in medieval times the village was known a simply 'Norton' and was a royal domain of Edward the Confessor and later William the Conqueror. In the 14th century the whole village was sold to Sir Henry de Grene for a total of 20 shillings, hence the name Grene's Norton, which today was modernized to just Greens Norton. - The Grade I listed parish church is dedicated to St Bartholomew and is Saxon in origin.[4][5] Its tall spire, last rebuilt in 1957, is a landmark for miles around. The architect H. R. Gough rebuilt the chancel arch in 1882.[4] There are monuments and a brass to members of the de Grene or Greene family.[4] The church is in the Diocese of Peterborough, and the benefice of Towcester with Caldecote and Easton Neston and Greens Norton and Bradden (The Tove Benefice).[6][7] - There are 27 listed buildings in the parish,[8] all but the church at Grade II. Other notable buildings include Bengall Manor and nearby farms built about 1840 by the Grafton Estate[4] at nearby Caswell and Field Burcote. - Greens Norton has a pub, a post office, a village shop, a primary school, a playground and playing field, a butcher and a doctors' surgery. The village is the northern terminus of the Grafton Way footpath, and there is a local nature reserve, Greens Norton Pocket Park. The village holds an annual village show, affiliated to the RHS, has a Neighbourhood Watch scheme, and produces a free bi-monthly village newsletter. - Although there was never a railway station at Greens Norton, there was once a junction here, where the lines of the Stratford and Midland Junction Railway from Towcester to Stratford, and Towcester to Banbury diverged. In 1910 however, the physical connection was removed, leaving two separate single lines running side by side from here into Towcester. -",2023-08-26 18:38:56 -Aleksandar Bogdanović (politician) - Wikipedia," - Aleksandar Bogdanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Богдановић; born 11 March 1977) is a Montenegrin politician, former minister of culture in Government of Montenegro and former mayor of Cetinje, deputy of Democratic Party of Socialists in Parliament of Montenegro. - He was born on 11 March 1977 in Cetinje. Finishing high school in California,[4] Bogdanović graduated management in Belgrade. From 2000 to 2005, served in Ministry of Economy, and from 2005 he was an advisor of President of Montenegro Filip Vujanović. - In 2009, Bogdanović became a youngest MP in Parliament of Montenegro, as a member of Democratic Party of Socialists. In 2010, Bogdanović started his mandate as mayor of Cetinje. On 2013, after an absolute win on Cetinje local elections, he gained another mandate on that position. - In 2017, Government of Montenegro informed that Bogdanović would be a new minister of culture. That proposal was approved by Parliament of Montenegro on 28 December 2017. - He was also a member of Permanent High Level Group (PHLG) and representative of Montenegro in the Athens process. From 2011 to 2014, he was the President of the Union of municipalities of Montenegro. In December 2014, he was elected as a President of the Board of the Union of municipalities of Montenegro. -Bogdanović was awarded as Best Mayor of the region in 2014, during the ceremony for the election of the best manager and the best company of Southeastern and Middle Europe (Sarajevo). During the same year, President of Italy Giorgio Napolitano awarded Bogdanović with the Order of the Star of Italy, the most significant acknowledgement that is being awarded to foreign citizens for extraordinary contribution to the promotion of Italian culture. - From 2007 to 2011, Aleksandar Bogdanović was lecturer at the Faculty of Administrative and European Studies (FDES) in Podgorica, on the subjects Economy of public sector and Public finances of the EU. He was guest lecturer at the University in Belgrade, Diplomatic Academy and University in Sofia. - From 2013 to 2018, Bogdanović was a president of Football Club Lovćen.[6] During his mandate, FK Lovćen won Montenegrin Cup (2014) and played first-ever and so far the only season in UEFA competitions. - Since 2012, Aleksandar Bogdanović is married to Milena Marović. He lives in Cetinje, where is the seat of Ministry of Culture, too. He speaks English and Spanish language.[7] -",2023-08-26 18:39:00 -Stony coral tissue loss disease - Wikipedia,"Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a disease of corals that first appeared off the southeast coast of Florida in 2014. It originally was described as white plague disease.[1] By 2019 it had spread along the Florida Keys and had appeared elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea. The disease destroys the soft tissue of at least 22 species of reef-building corals,[2] killing them within weeks or months of becoming infected. The causal agent is unknown but is suspected to be either a bacterium or a virus with a bacterium playing a secondary role. The degree of susceptibility of a coral, the symptoms, and the rate of progression of the disease vary between species.[3] Due to its rapid spread, high mortality rate, and lack of subsidence, it has been regarded as the deadliest coral disease ever recorded, with wide-ranging implications for the biodiversity of Caribbean coral reefs.[4] - The disease was first detected in late 2014 when a few corals off Virginia Key, in Miami-Dade County, Florida, were affected. By the following year, the disease had spread and extended from Pompano Beach to Biscayne National Park. In 2016 it reached Palm Beach County, Florida, and the upper Florida Keys, and the next year the lower Florida Keys. By August 2018, the disease had spread over 150 sq mi (388 km2) of sea, and almost half the species of coral growing in the Florida Reef Tract had been affected.[5] By January 2019 it had been reported from Jamaica, the Mexican Caribbean, Saint Maarten, and Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.[3] It has since spread along the Lesser Antilles, and as of 2023, it has been reported as far south as Curacao.[6] - A 2021 study suggested that the spread of the disease is likely facilitated by ballast water from ships, due to several cases of the disease crossing currents in the opposite direction that they would flow.[7] - The signs of this disease are somewhat variable, and it may be difficult to distinguish from other coral diseases. SCTLD manifests as rapidly expanding lesions on the coral.[8] Sometimes the infection exhibits a series of blotches that radiate outwards and coalesce. Small corals may be killed within weeks while larger individuals may survive for months or even a year or two.[3] - This is a particularly deadly coral disease with mortality rates varying between 66% and 100%. Although the cause of the disease has not yet been established, evidence suggests that a bacterial pathogen is being transmitted either by contact or by means of water movement. Not all corals are susceptible to the disease, with staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) and elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata), both of which are critically endangered, appearing to be immune.[5] - A 2021 study by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and U.S. Geological Survey involving electron microscopy of infected corals suggests that SCTLD may not be caused a bacterial agent as previously thought, but rather a virus that lethally affects the zooxanthellae of corals and leads to host cell death. In diseased corals, no pathologies were noted in the coral host cells aside from lysis, whereas zooxanthellae displayed chloroplast pathologies and potential single-stranded RNA viruses similar to those found in plant viruses. This may explain why amoxicillin paste, the only known effective treatment method, suppresses the growth of new lesions but does not prevent new lesions from forming. Given that amoxicillin is intended for bacteria, its apparent suppression of SCTLD lesions may be an unintended side-effect that affects the virus rather than actual suppression of a bacterial agent.[9][10] Other studies instead suggest that the bacterium plays a secondary role in attacking weakened corals. Three strains of harmful bacteria are associated with the disease.[11] - A 2023 study developed a potential probiotic treatment for SCTLD, obtained from Pseudoalteromonas bacteria isolated from SCTLD-resistant Montastraea corals. This may provide a more effective and efficient treatment compared to amoxicillin, which requires direct application, does not prevent reinfection, and may promote antibiotic resistance in the causal agent.[12][11] - The first species on a reef to be infected are usually the meandroid corals such as pillar coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus), elliptical star coral (Dichocoenia stokes), smooth flower coral (Eusmilia fastigiata), and maze corals (Meandrina spp.). Other susceptible species include boulder brain coral (Colpophyllia natans), grooved brain coral (Diploria labyrinthiformis), maze coral (Meandrina meandrites), symmetrical brain coral (Pseudodiploria strigosa) and knobby brain coral (Pseudodiploria clivosa).[13] The genetically distinct Florida population of pillar coral has been essentially extirpated in the wild, and now primarily survives only in captivity.[14] - Limited lab experiments suggest that Indo-Pacific coral species may also be susceptible to this disease as many of them are of the same groups present in the Caribbean, which could have severe consequences if the disease happened to reach the Indo-Pacific via the Panama Canal.[15][16] In contrast, other studies suggest that if SCTLD is of viral origins, the zooxanthellae clades inhabiting the Caribbean may be uniquely susceptible to it, in contrast to the Indo-Pacific, which is dominated by a different clade of zooxanthellae and has not seen major coral diseases.[10] - Due to the wide-ranging effects of the disease, many of the susceptible coral species have had fragments harvested from the wild, which have then been taken into captivity across the United States for the purpose of conservation, captive breeding and selective breeding, until either conditions improve or the captive corals develop resilience to the disease.[17] -",2023-08-26 18:39:03 -Israel Ludlow - Wikipedia,"Israel Ludlow (1765 – January 1804) was a government surveyor who helped found Cincinnati, Dayton and Hamilton in southwest Ohio. - Israel Ludlow was born near Morristown, New Jersey in 1765.[1] In 1786, each of the thirteen states was to appoint a man to help survey the Seven Ranges in the easternmost portion of the Northwest Territory under the Land Ordinance of 1785. Ludlow was appointed to fill the vacant South Carolina surveyorship.[2] Ludlow was one of two surveyors to stay in settlements near the Ohio River the winter of 1786–1787, and completed the survey of the seventh range, plats, and notes by August 1787.[3] - Later in 1787, a land company called the Ohio Company of Associates contracted with the Congress of the Confederation to buy a 1,500,000-acre tract along the Ohio River to the west of the Seven Ranges. Ludlow surveyed the north line of this tract that is known as Israel Ludlow's Survey.[4] - Virginia was granted lands between the Scioto River and Little Miami River in Ohio for bounties for its war veterans in a tract called the Virginia Military District. John Cleves Symmes purchased a large tract between the Little Miami River and the Great Miami River called the Symmes Purchase. Symmes had Ludlow survey a line between the sources of the Scioto and Little Miami to determine the boundary between the tracts, afterwards known as the Ludlow Line,[5] the subject of decades of legislation and court action due to the difficulty in determining the source of the Scioto River.[6][7] - On August 25, 1788, Matthias Denman, Robert Patterson, and John Filson entered an agreement to found Cincinnati, with Ludlow taking Filson's place upon his death.[8] The town was settled December 28, 1788 by Ludlow and twenty-six other people.[9] He surveyed the town by January 1789.[10] - When Hamilton County, Ohio was formed January 2, 1790, Ludlow was named clerk.[11] In 1790, Ludlow established the community of Ludlow's Station. In 1794, as proprietor, he laid out Hamilton, Ohio, and in 1795, with Governor Arthur St. Clair, Jonathan Dayton, and William McMillan, he planned Dayton, Ohio.[1] - In 1796, Ludlow married Charlotte Chambers of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. That year he built the largest house in Cincinnati, known as the ""Ludlow mansion"".[12] Israel and Charlotte had four children: James Chambers Ludlow (1797–1841), Martha Catharine Ludlow (1799–1834), Sarah Bella Ludlow (1802–1882), and Israel L. Ludlow (1804–1846). - One of Ludlow's granddaughters married Salmon P. Chase, another married Randall Hunt, and his daughter, Sarah Bella Ludlow married John McLean.[12] - He died on January 21, 1804, after a 4 day illness[13] and was buried with Masonic honors in the Presbyterian Graveyard in Cincinnati.[1] [14] - One historian said: ""By the time of his death in the early 1800s he had surveyed more land in the Ohio Country than any other federal surveyor.""[2] His remains were later moved to Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery. Hamilton, Dayton, and Cincinnati each have a street named after Ludlow. Ludlow Falls near Dayton is also named after him.[15] Two streams named Ludlow Creek are in Miami County, Ohio and Greene County, Ohio.[16] Ludlow, Kentucky, directly across from Cincinnati, Ohio, also bears his name. -",2023-08-26 18:39:08 -Kutsal Damacana - Wikipedia,"Kutsal Damacana is a 2007 Turkish comedy film, directed by Kamil Aydın, starring Şafak Sezer as a man who disguises himself as a priest to help remove a spell. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on December 21, 2007 (2007-12-21), was one of the highest-grossing Turkish films of 2007 and was followed by the sequels Kutsal Damacana 2: İtmen (2010) and Kutsal Damacana: Dracoola (2011). - The film was shot on location in Istanbul, Turkey.[1] - Former sailor Fikret is having trouble settling into his new life in Istanbul and has begun to make use the local church’s facilities. When the priest Artin goes on a trip to Vatican, Fikret starts selling off the church's cellar of expensive wines and stays in priest's room at night. Fikret spends most of his remaining time gambling on horse races and lecturing Asim, a naïve young boy working at the car wash located next door to the church who perceives him as a surrogate as a father figure. Fikret and Asim learn of a rich widowed businesswoman, Deniz, who thinks that her sister, Selen, has had a spell put upon her and is prepared to pay anything to have it lifted. Fikret decides to go to Deniz's house disguised as a priest but gets more than he bargained for. - The film opened on general release in 156 screens across Turkey on December 21, 2007 (2007-12-21) at number three in the Turkish box office chart with an opening weekend gross of US$1,037,596.[2] - The film was one of the highest grossing Turkish films of 2007 with a total gross of US$3,721,075.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:39:12 -Widows of Vidarbha - Wikipedia,"Widows of Vidarbha: Making of Shadows is a non-fiction book by Kota Neelima published in 2018 by Oxford University Press. The book chronicles the lives of 16 widows of farmers in India after their husbands died from suicide, and the experiences of the women afterwards. - Based on interviews with 16 widows from the Yavatmal and Amravati districts of Vidarbha, the book explores the impact of farming crises in 2001-2004 and 2012-13 in 18 anecdotes[1] from the viewpoint of women whose farmer husbands died by suicide,[2] including how they managed to support their families.[3] - In a review for the Hindustan Times, Manjula Narayan writes, ""The writing is taut, often ironic, and devoid of unnecessary adjectives and stylistic flourishes. Instead, the author allows the women to speak, putting down the nuances of each of their stories, almost editing herself out. The result is a book that's filled with stark pain, one that's almost unbearably honest.""[4] In a review for The Hindu Business Line, TV Jayan writes, ""Each chapter in this book is a real story of gritty women who made all sincere efforts to bring up their children and provide them with education to the extent possible despite all odds in life and limitations imposed on them by the society.""[5] - A review published in Firstpost states, ""Neelima's book focuses on the voices of the widows of these farmers who are otherwise ignored, shunned and subjugated by their families and the government. It's a deeply relevant contextualisation of the women who never make it to the narrative.""[6] In a review for Feminism in India, Devanshi Varandani writes, ""The 18 anecdotes in the book, in a subtle yet effective way, discusses 4 key topics: Identity crisis in the patriarchal society; the urgency of providing quality education to the young generation as an incumbent on the government. Next, the book stresses on the transition in the dreams and hopes of the family members after the demise of farmers. Lastly, the approach of the state and politics.""[1] Aekta Kapoor writes in eShe, ""The widows in Neelima’s book have learnt to protest in quiet ways, and avoid confrontation so as not to disturb the patriarchy. Theirs is a silent, subversive fight to get their due.""[7] -",2023-08-26 18:39:16 -Lupinus pubescens - Wikipedia," - Lupinus pubescens (local name: chocho del páramo) is a lupine flower which is native to the high Andes, but can also be found in China, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.[2] - - This Lupinus-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:39:20 -Box Hill House - Wikipedia," - Box Hill House is a heritage-listed former hunting grounds and farm estate and now residential support home at 10 Terry Road, Box Hill, The Hills Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1819 to 1897 by Samuel Terry and George Terry. It is also known as McCall Garden Colony, Box Hill House in grounds of McCall gardens, McCall Gardens and Box Hill estate. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.[1] - The house is located in the grounds of McCall Gardens, a non-profit organisation that provides residential and support services to people living with a physical disability. - Samuel Terry arrived in the colony of New South Wales as a convict in 1801 and amassed a fortune through banking and property interests. At one stage he was the richest man in the colony and a co-founder of the Bank of New South Wales.[1][2]: 5  - The 690-hectare (1,700-acre) Box Hill estate, a property on the north-eastern side of Windsor Road from Rouse Hill, was granted to Robert Fitz in 1816.[1][3] - On the nearby Rouse Hill estate, Richard Rouse built Rouse Hill House from 1813 to 1820 using convict labour.[1][2]: 5 [3] - In 1819 the Box Hill estate was transferred to Samuel Terry (the ""Botany Bay Rothschild"") after Fitz fell into financial difficulties.[2]: 5 [3] Terry used Box Hill estate as his country seat. His estate was noted in the General Post Office Directory of 1832 (p. 73) as a ""country seat"".[1][4]: 124  - At the time of the transfer the estate included an adjoining 210-hectare (530-acre) paddock fenced with a five rail fence.[1][5] - Eleanor Rouse (1813–98) of nearby Rouse Hill estate, married John Terry, son of Samuel Terry in 1831. They made their home at Box Hill and the proximity of the two properties was to lead to further links between the two families. It is thought that Richard Rouse built the stables at Box Hill for his daughter Eleanor, although documentary evidence of this appears scarce.[1] - Samuel Terry died in 1838 and the bulk of his property was left to his son, Edward Terry. However John Terry retained control of Box Hill. The estate was considerably enlarged in 1839 with acquisition of a nearby 400-hectare (1,000-acre) property, Copenhagen, from the family of former Governor, William Bligh.[1][2]: 5–6 [4]: 124  - John Terry died, aged 31, in a fall from a horse in November 1842 leaving three sons, Samuel Henry, Richard Rouse and Edward. Box Hill was passed on to Samuel Henry Terry. IT was during this period that wheat was grown at Box Hill and Samuel Terry's foreman was Charles Hynds, an English yeoman who lived on the estate for about 50 years and was forebear of the Hynds family in the area.[1][2]: 5–6 [4]: 124  - An adjoining property of 61 hectares (150 acres) on Windsor Road, Mount Jamison, owned by James Connor, was offered for sale in 1842.[6] The property description gives valuable insight into the spatial organisation of the homesteads of the area, having a verandah cottage of five rooms with fenced 1/2 acre garden and orchard in front; men's huts and other outbuildings; a two-room slab building for the overseer; large shed for storing grain; and a chain of ponds supplying water.[1][2]: 5–6 [4]: 124  - In 1856 Eleanor married Major Wingate and became known (to the Rouses) as ""Aunt Wingate"" at Rouse Hill, and ""Grandma Wingate"" at Box Hill. Major Wingate died in 1869 and Grandma Wingate lived on for nearly 30 years at Percy Lodge, Potts Point.[1] - Samuel Henry Terry died in 1887 and the estate was left to his son, George A.Terry (1871–1957). In late 1888 the district experienced severe drought, with the small water supply at Box Hill failing and much of the area depending on the supply at Rouse Hill. Much of Box Hill estate was burnt by bushfire.[7] By 1889 it was noted that both Box Hill and Rouse Hill were ""surrounded by open grass paddocks, which at one time were in high cultivation for cereals, but which have latterly been devoted to grazing purposes"".[1][2][8] - George A. Terry married Nina Rouse (1875–1968) in 1895 but did not move into Box Hill House immediately. They lived at Rouse Hill House for over a year while Box Hill House was being rebuilt and renovated for them, together with the Stable and the billiard room which was on top of it (early 1897 it was ready). The main part of the house, which is believed to have been of weatherboard, was demolished and replaced by a very gracious brick bungalow which survives (1988). Their son, Gerald George Rouse, who grew up at Box Hill, believed that there had been an even earlier house there before the weatherboard one.[1] - Initial plans for a grand residence had to be down-scaled, but at least 30,000 bricks were used and four rooms of the original house were retained.[1][2][9] - George Terry was an avid hunter and horseman and in 1891 the Box Hill Race Club held a New YEar's Day meet on the estate.[10] In 1894 the Box Hill Picnic Races were held, where guests were served lunch under the old trees at the homestead.[2][11] In July 1895 the Sydney Hunt Club met for a ""run"" over the Box Hill country, as ""Vandorian"" put it in a long report called ""A Day with the Hounds"".[12] A photograph of the occasion still hangs at Rouse Hill House. Later the Club's hunting hound kennels were kept at Box Hill. He was master of the Sydney Hunt Club by 1907 and figured in an article by ""First Check"" published in The Lone Hand.[1][13] - Hunts were held on Box Hill and neighbouring properties and descriptions of hunts at Box Hill refer to numerous paddocks with high fences used for steeplechasing. There was also a designated racecourse on a flat paddock lying between Windsor and Terry Roads.[1][2][12] - George and Nina moved into Box Hill house in early 1897. The kitchen buildings were not new, but neither were they the original ones on site. Of the original buildings only the stables and the underground tank remained essentially as they were. The complex had (and has) a commanding position on top of a sizeable small hill, looking across west to the Blue Mountains, and surveying the surrounding district.[1] - George and Nina had five sons, the first having been born at Rouse Hill before they moved into Box Hill.[1] - George Terry ran sheep, having as many as 4000 head and 100 bales of wool in the shed. Terry Road was a private driveway, with a white gate near Windsor Road, terminating at the homestead.[1][2][12] - In 1899 two Chinese gardeners established a market garden on a portion of the estate.[1][2][14] - In 1906 there was an armed confrontation between George Terry and two employees, and a group of thieves trying to steal pigs from the piggery.[1][2][15] - George borrowed some A£6,000 to do the homestead rebuilding, and this large sum, coupled with his rather extravagant lifestyle and spending, proved troublesome for the family, given that the pasture on the c.810-hectare (2,000-acre) estate was not the best and careful farming would not have yielded high income. Lacking any training, his troubles with borrowing money led to his mortgaging all his properties, Box Hill's subdivision and sale and George's eventual bankruptcy.[1] - Financial difficulties led to Box Hill estate's subdivision into 170 farm allotments and sale via the agent Henry F. Halloran in 1919.[16] The immediate homestead property of 86 hectares (212 acres) was preserved. As part of the subdivision, Terry Road was extended through to Old Pitt Town Road. Three of the new allotments contained existing buildings: two were on Nelson Road[17] and one on Hynds Road.[1][2][18] - The family continued to live at Box Hill for a time, but in great stringency. The homestead block of 86 hectares (212 acres) was transferred to Nina, who had to borrow money to buy it. At times the Terry's had no food to eat, and George's cousin Jack Terry came to the rescue more than once. The five sons however were unprepared and lacked financial backing for their education and future prospects. Nina herself was declared bankrupt in 1928.[1][2][19] - After Bessie Rouse died in 1924 Box Hill House and its 86 hectares (212 acres) were sold to Mr. Neville and George and Nina Terry moved to Rouse Hill House. George was employed on the property as a labourer, Nina as a cook.[1] - In 1941 there was an important auction sale of dairy cattle, farming and dairy plant on the estate, indicating the days of Box Hill being a viable, working estate were over.[1][2][20] - The southern and eastern portions of the remaining property were later subdivided. In 1956 the then owner of Box Hill, William McCall, donated the house with a curtilage of 16 hectares (40 acres) to the Subnormal Children's Welfare Association to established the McCall Garden Community to care for boys with disabilities.[1][2][20] - George Terry died on 24 July 1957, aged 85.[1] - During the 1970s the care facility was greatly expanded, initially with the purchase of old trams, and later by construction of kitchen and accommodation blocks.[1][2][21] - A simple brick 1890s farm house with stone-flagged verandahs, now much extended for institutional use. A two-storey brick building behind the house. Owned by the Sub Normal Children's Association.[1][4]: 124  - The complex has a wonderful position on top of a sizeable small hill, Box Hill, north-east of Windsor Road, looking across west to the Blue Mountains, and surveying the surrounding district with good views to Rouse Hill house complex to its southeast.[1] - The original weatherboard house was rebuilt and renovated between 1895 and 1897 and replaced by a very gracious brick bungalow which survives (in 1988), together with the Stables and the billiard room which was on top of it. Gerald George Rouse who grew up at Box Hill believed that there had been an even earlier house there before the weatherboard one.[1] - The kitchen buildings were not new in 1897, but neither were they the original ones on site. Of the original buildings only the stables and the underground tank remained at that time. At this time it was a c.810-hectare (2,000-acre) estate.[1] - 1921 – subdivision and sale of the estate via the agent H. F. Halloran, except for the homestead block of 86 hectares (212 acres).[1] - 1924 – sale of 86-hectare (212-acre) homestead block.[1] - Since then it has been much extended for institutional use, obscuring the view of the brick house.[1] - As at 26 September 2016, Box Hill house and the remains of its former farm estate has historic and social significance as the former country seat of the ""Botany Bay Rothschild"" Samuel Terry and for its long associations with the farm estates and fluctuating fortunes of the Terry and Rouse families of this district. Despite later modifications the original house dates from the 1820s.[4] It has aesthetic significance as a prominent early estate located on a hill top along Windsor Road.[1][22] - Box Hill House in grounds of McCall gardens was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.[1] - This Wikipedia article was originally based on Box Hill House in grounds of McCall gardens, entry number 00613 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018. -",2023-08-26 18:39:23 -Peter Petrovich Saburov - Wikipedia,"Peter Petrovich Saburov (Sabouroff) (14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1880, Saint Petersburg, Russia – 26 March 1932, Geneva, Switzerland) was a Russian diplomat, chess master and organizer, and musical composer. - He was a son of Peter Alexandrovich Saburov, a diplomat and chess organizer.[1] - At the beginning of the 20th century, he played in several tournaments in St Petersburg, as well as in the preliminary stage of Ostend 1906 and Nuremberg 1906 (the 15th DSB Congress, Hauptturnier C).[2] - P.P. Saburov, together with Boris E. Maliutin, O. Sossnitzky, V. Tschudowski, S.A. Znosko-Borovsky and Eugene A. Znosko-Borovsky, organized an international tournament at St Petersburg 1909. He, along with his father P.A. Saburov, B.E. Maliutin and Y.O. Sossnitsky, was one of the organizers of the St Petersburg international tournament in April–May 1914 (Emanuel Lasker won, ahead of José Raúl Capablanca).[3] - In July/August 1914, he participated in Mannheim (the 19th DSB Congress), which was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I.[4] After the declaration of war against Russia, eleven Russian players (Alekhine, Bogoljubow, Bogatyrchuk, Flamberg, Koppelman, Maliutin, Rabinovich, Romanovsky, Saburov, Selezniev, Weinstein) from the Mannheim tournament were interned in Rastatt. In September, four of them (Alekhine, Bogatyrchuk, Saburov, and Koppelman) were freed and allowed, via Switzerland, to return home.[5] - In 1918, Saburov was still in Russia, but because of Bolshevik policy, he fled to Switzerland.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:39:27 -Central Railroad of Long Island - Wikipedia," - Central Railroad of Long Island was built on Long Island, New York, by Alexander Turney Stewart, who was also the founder of Garden City. The railroad was established in 1871, then merged with the Flushing and North Side Railroad in 1874 to form the Flushing, North Shore and Central Railroad. It was finally acquired by the Long Island Rail Road in 1876 and divided into separate branches. Despite its short existence, the CRRLI had a major impact on railroading and development on Long Island. - Alexander Turney Stewart was a wealthy Irish born entrepreneur, who had made a fortune in retail and real estate. In the spring of 1869, once Stewart heard of the proposed sale of land in the Town of Hempstead, formed the idea which became the Central Railroad of Long Island. On July 17, 1869, at a town referendum on the sale of land, Stewart gave a bid of $55 per acre, and his bid was accepted. Stewart offered President of the LIRR, Oliver Charlick, to operate his railroad, but Charlick declined. In January 1870, Stewart sent a surveyor to lay out three possible options for his proposed railroad west of New Hyde Park Road to Farmingdale Village. Stewart chose the option of a line to Flushing, over an option to Jamaica, and one south of Jamaica. This decision was probably a result of a meeting with Conrad Poppenhusen, who offered to sell Stewart the old New York & Flushing route between Main Street and Woodside. On December 3, 1870, a contract was awarded for the building of Stewart's railroad to Patrick Shields. The line would be double tracked, and would be completed on July 4, 1872. The text of the agreement was published in January 1871, and the Stewart railroad was named the Central Railroad of Long Island.[1] - The Poppenhusens agreed to double-track their existing line to Hunter's Point. The contract gave every person who moved to Garden City or Hempstead a free ticket over the road for one year. Also, the operation of the CRR would be assumed by the Flushing & North Side management, and at least fifteen trains would be run each way every day. On March 4, 1871, it was decided that the Central Railroad would diverge from the Flushing & North Side Railroad east of the drawbridge at Main Street at Great Neck Junction in downtown Flushing, and it would cross south of Flushing, going through Kissena Park, and southeast through Floral Park and New Hyde Park. In May 1871, work began at Rocky Hill on an open cut. In August 1871, a switch was built connecting the LIRR and the Flushing & North Side at Winfield to allow rails and other materials to be transported to the Central Railroad more quickly.[1] - The Central Railroad was built with high standards; it was built with almost no grade crossings, even though it went through rural country. As a result of the need to cross roads, the railroad had to go above or below the grade of the roads, adding to construction costs. The cost of the bridging and tunneling was $110,000. Along the line, two iron bridges were built over Ireland Mill Creek, which drained Kissena Lake, as well as twenty culverts. Steel rails were shipping to Garden City on the Central Railroad at the end of July 1871, when the Long Island Rail Road started shipping them from the docks at Hunter's Point. The rails were distributed and the ties were laid out in August, and the first rail on the plains segment was laid on October 20, near the LIRR crossing, and at two other points eastward. The laying of the track was done rapidly in order not to incur a fine of $250 per day. Three of the nine miles had been laid by December 23. On December 12, the Lawrence Street tunnel, located in Flushing, was finished.[1] - During the winter of 1871–1872, Stewart and Poppenhusen decided to extend the CRRLI southeast from Farmingdale to Babylon, and then to Fire Island. In order to build this, the Central Extension Railroad Company, a subsidiary was created in 1871. In January 1872, the map of the Babylon Extension was released, with the route crossing pine barrens in a straight line to West Babylon, where it crossed the tracks of the South Side Railroad and went to terminate at the dock of Babylon, where boats left for Fire Island. The contract was given to Thomas Wellwood & Company for $20,000 for every mile of track built. In March 1872, all of the grading for the railroad was complete. On March 22, 1872, the extensive cut at Rocky Hill was completed, and bridges were ready to be installed throughout Queens. The grading for the work on the Babylon extension finished in March 1872. In April and May 1872, track was laid quickly, with only five miles of track left to be laid at the end of May. In May 1872, the Bethpage Branch was surveyed to cross the LIRR main line west of Farmingdale. In June, the stations at Hinsdale and Creedmoor were completed, and in October the engine house at Hempstead was finished. In June, the Bethpage Branch was completed.[1] - On June 24, 1872, a construction train made the first trip over the railroad from Flushing to Garden City, testing out the route, and on July 13, 1872, the train made it to Farmingdale. In July, the last pieces of land were bought to finish the acquisition of property for the right-of-way to Hempstead. On September 10, 1872, the last track was laid to finish the line into Hempstead. The Central RR was confident with immediate operation of the line and issued the first timetable in August, announcing trains as of September 1; this was moved back to September 16, and called for eight daily trains each way between Hunter's Point and Hempstead. Some defects in the construction of the bridges held back the opening of the line. The line from Flushing east to Hempstead Crossing along with a branch line to Hempstead opened at 6:30 a.m. on January 8, 1873, and throughout the opening day, the ridership of the train increased. The stations of Central Junction, Creedmoor, Hinsdale, Garden City, and Hempstead opened on the line's opening day, and nine trains were run per day. On May 26, 1873, the line opened to Bethpage Junction, giving Farmingdale seven trains per day.[1] - On August 1, service was extended to Merrick Road, with seven trains each way per day. A temporary depot was put into use at the southeast corner of Merrick Road and East Neck Road. For Fire Island, passengers transferred to a boat to Fire Island. Terminating at Merrick Road was meant to be temporary. The depot at Babylon was completed on October 18, 1873. The depot tracks were connected with the horse car tracks on Fire Island Avenue in June 1874, which allowed the horse railroad baggage car to run alongside the baggage cars of the Central.[1] - On July 20, 1874, the CRRLI along with other subsidiary railroads of the Flushing & North Side Railroad were merged to form the Flushing, North Side, and Central Railroad.[2] In September 1874, the CRRLI also purchased the Southern Railroad of Long Island (SRRLI). Just before Stewart's death in 1876, a financial backer of the CRRLI, rubber baron Conrad Poppenhusen, bought a majority share of the LIRR, with each of the newer railways leased to the LIRR. Declaring bankruptcy in 1877, the LIRR was placed in receivership that October. Austin Corbin bought possession of the system in 1881, and consolidated all the railroads on Long Island under the LIRR, forming the railroads intricate system of rail lines. In consolidating the lines the CRRLI would be fragmented into several branch lines that throughout the 1900s would serve the LIRR in a number of different ways. In 1893, the LIRR bought out all remaining claims to the Stewart Line from Flushing to Bethpage Junction.[3] - After the takeover by the LIRR, the CRRLI mainline from Flushing through Floral Park (then called Hinsdale) was deemed redundant and no longer needed, mainly because the rest of the Central mainline east of Floral Park was to be connected to the LIRR's mainline at the location of the newly built Park Interlocking (today the connection is at Queens Interlocking). This connection afforded the Central access to Long Island City through the LIRR's major hub, Jamaica station. This right of way between Flushing and the National Rifle Range, later to become Creedmoor Psychiatric Hospital, was abandoned in 1879; the track was removed sometime before December 1913.[4] The Central between Floral Park and Babylon was placed into service as the LIRR's Central Branch. What was left between Floral Park and Creedmoor was deemed the Creedmoor Branch by the LIRR. - For a few years, the Creedmoor branch served passengers traveling to the National Rifle Range, which predated the Creedmoor Psychiatric Hospital. The branch was poorly situated, however, in that it had no direct connection to Jamaica station. Passengers traveling east from Jamaica to Creedmoor had to change at Floral Park then backtrack on a shuttle train to Creedmoor. Eventually the branch was downgraded to a secondary track and was mostly used throughout the 20th century as a freight branch for Creedmoor Hospital with daily coal deliveries. Even so, the branch was important enough for the LIRR to undertake several grade crossing elimination projects along the line, most notably with the construction of a large steel trestle, built in the 1930s, to take the branch over Jamaica Avenue/Jericho Turnpike. The line was used for this nominal service until the late 1960s when finally it was put out of service. The tracks were pulled up around 1973 with the trestle over Jamaica Avenue/Jericho Turnpike being dismantled in 1980. The right of way was absorbed by many of the homeowners who were given an opportunity to buy the land that adjoined their properties. - In 1912, William Kissam Vanderbilt II used the Central Rail Road bridge over Bell Boulevard as part of the Long Island Motor Parkway right of way. This caused the parkway to curve slightly south for the crossing. New York State Parks Department later built the current bridge over Bell Boulevard just north of the original site when they acquired the land for a bicycle path in 1938. The original Rail Road right of way leading to the bridge can still be seen when headed east immediately prior to the current crossing.[5] - In 1949, the track was torn up between Hillside Avenue and Winchester Boulevard for a garden apartment development, and in 1955–1956, houses were built on the right-of-way for two or three blocks east of Winchester Boulevard.[1] - By the late 20th century there were few remains of the branch. Much of the Kissena Park corridor was built on former railroad property. The right-of-way also passes through Cunningham Park and Flushing Meadow Park. The right-of-way in Queens Village and Floral Park was sold for private home backyards.[6] A section of rail that had been paved over still exists on the Creedmoor property. Stewart Avenue and the uniquely angled street pattern in the Bellerose and Queens Village area of Queens, which was built around the branch near Winchester Boulevard, still mark the path of the right of way. In addition, a section of the right-of-way near Jericho Turnpike and Tulip Avenue is an all-handicapped parking space for Floral Park station that requires either a daily fee or a Village of Floral Park Resident/Non-Residential permit. - The segment that became the Hempstead Branch includes part of the CRRLI from Floral Park, New York to Garden City, New York, and part of the original Hempstead Branch which ran south of the LIRR Main Line ran from Mineola, ending just west of the current terminal in Hempstead.[7] It opened on July 4, 1839, as the first branch of the LIRR.[8] The main line was extended east from Hempstead Crossing opened May 26, 1873.[9] The Central Railroad's successor, the FNS&C, was leased to the LIRR on May 3, 1876, and in June a connection at Hempstead Crossing was built, allowing trains from Mineola to use the ex-Central's Hempstead Branch, which ran parallel to the LIRR's Hempstead Branch track south of the Central.[10] The original LIRR Hempstead Branch was abandoned south of Hempstead Crossing.[11] - The old Central main line through Hempstead was named the Central Branch by the LIRR, while the line from Mineola on the LIRR's Main Line south past Hempstead Crossing to Hempstead was the Hempstead Branch.[12] The New York Bay Extension Railroad opened the current West Hempstead Branch in 1893,[13] resulting in a realignment of the Hempstead Branch back to the LIRR's original Hempstead Branch from Hempstead Crossing south to Meadow Street to better connect to the new line.[14] The former CRRLI's Hempstead Branch that ran parallel track was abandoned in 1907.[10] - The current route of the Hempstead Branch, from Queens Village east along the Main Line and Central Branch and south along the Hempstead Branch to Hempstead, was electrified on May 26, 1908.[15] The then-Hempstead Branch north to Mineola was electrified on October 20, 1926, along with the West Hempstead Branch.[16] The line north of Hempstead Crossing last saw passenger service on September 14, 1935,[17] and was abandoned for freight in 1965.[18] This meant that all Hempstead Branch trains now left the main line at Queens Village, and at some point[when?] the old Central Branch west of Hempstead Crossing was renamed as part of the Hempstead Branch. - The CRRLI mainline continued past Garden City through the vast open Hempstead Plains in central Nassau County at the location of the current day Nassau Coliseum, and on through what is today Eisenhower Park until Bethpage Junction. From there, one branch, the Bethpage Branch, turned north to Stewart's brickworks in present-day Old Bethpage. A second branch turned south-east to Babylon via the Babylon extension. The only areas of this CRRLI line that were very populated were around Hempstead and Babylon, and low ridership led to financial difficulties and a reduction in service. A bright spot for this Stewart line came in 1918 when Mitchel Field, an Air Force base, opened up in the Hempstead Plains. After the war ended, passenger usage again declined, but the line continued to be used for freight from Mitchel Field along with the other industries that opened up around the field. - In 1925 the Montauk Branch along southern Long Island between Jamaica and Babylon was electrified, providing more efficient and faster service to Babylon, thus further hurting ridership on the Stewart line. Also in 1925, the connection with Babylon was severed when the Bethpage Junction was reconfigured to connect the Main Line with the Montauk Branch. The Babylon Extension was fully rebuilt and became known as the current-day LIRR Central Branch. The portion of the line from Garden City to Plainedge/Bethpage came to be referred to as the Central Extension. - In 1939 the Central Extension between Garden City and the end of line in Bethpage was abandoned for regular passenger service. During World War II, the eastern portion of the rail was removed and sold for scrap. For a while the LIRR ran a shuttle service between Garden City and Island Trees/Plainedge area (the right of way past Plainedge to Bethpage Junction was not rebuilt) for both the Levitt construction and to service Mitchel Field. - In 1946, in order to bring building materials to the huge new Levittown development, the rails were relaid eastward just east of the Wantagh Parkway, where a temporary freight terminal was set up. The track crossed the parkway at grade and trains were flagged across. However, by the early 1950s the Levitt construction gradually came to an end and Mitchel Field began to gradually curtail its operations as the surrounding areas began their suburban development. The LIRR had initially wanted to rebuild the entire branch to serve the new community of Levittown, however, Levitt did not want the railroad running through the town. Shuttle service to Plainedge thus ended in 1953 with the rails being pulled up again to just west of the Meadowbrook Parkway. The opening of the Meadowbrook Parkway and the laying out of Salisbury Park by the county in the late 1950s further cut the track back to the present Roosevelt Raceway terminus. A line of high tension wires still marks the old right-of-way all the way to Bethpage. In 1961, passenger service on the Central Extension was abandoned, when the Roosevelt Raceway Specials were taken away because of the refusal of the Raceway officials to contribute to the cost of the service.[1] - The LIRR continued to use the line in its freight service, officially giving the line its current name the Garden City-Mitchell Field Secondary. A large freight yard remained in Garden City servicing some local industries such as A&P, General Bronze, and Newsday. Many plans were developed by the LIRR during the fifties and sixties to use the remaining portion of trackage and build a ""Nassau Hub"" that would service the many new retail outfits that sprung up in the area such as Roosevelt Field Mall, as well as the newly built Nassau Coliseum, and Nassau Community College, which was built on part of the Mitchel Field site. However, lack of resources (at the time the bankrupt LIRR was in the process of being bought by the MTA from the Pennsylvania Railroad), as well as community opposition from residents in Garden City shelved those plans. As the years went on the remaining freight customers along the line also disappeared. - In 1997 the LIRR decided to privatize its freight services by contracting them out to a newly developed short line the New York and Atlantic Railway (NYAR), however, NYAR has no customers using the line. Today the line is primarily used for the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus train, which uses the secondary and the Garden City yard to store its trains when the circus makes its yearly visit to Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum. During the rest of the year, the line remains rather dormant except for a couple of equipment moves by the LIRR. - Today the right of way east of Meadowbrook Parkway can still plainly been seen as the Long Island Power Authority has lined the right of way with utility poles. The Meadow Brook Club Road Bridge still nestles inside an entrance ramp of the parkway.[19] -Part of the embankment of the old R.O.W. east of Eisenhower Park can also still be seen. The Clinton Road station and its low level platforms still exists along the R.O.W of the secondary with the station house being used for the Garden City Fire Department. In recent years there have been calls to reactivate passenger service on the remaining portion of the line to serve as part of the formerly proposed Nassau Hub which would service the area around Nassau Coliseum, Nassau Community College, and the Roosevelt Field and Fortunoff shopping malls. - The Long Island Motor Parkway ran mostly parallel north of this line in the section east of Meadowbrook Parkway, and the land there is presently a right-of way for Long Island Power Authority lines. - The Bethpage Branch was the source of construction of Garden City, New York. The line was originally built by the CRRLI in June 1873, primarily for the purpose of serving Stewart's local brick manufacturing plant, known as Bethpage Brickworks, and also served a pickle factory. It ran north from a station at the present-day split between the Ronkonkoma Branch and Central Branch (then called the Bethpage Junction and now called Bethpage Interlocking) to a station then called Bethpage. The branch became part of the LIRR, when it bought the CRRLI. Designated a siding as of May 24, 1909,[20] it was abandoned on November 10, 1942. Since 1963, the former Bethpage Branch and station has been located within the Old Bethpage Village Restoration[21] in what is now called Old Bethpage. - The remaining segment of the Central Branch is now owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road. It connects the Main Line's Ronkonkoma Branch at BETH Interlocking southeast of the Bethpage station with the Montauk and Babylon Branches at Belmont Junction west of the Babylon station. This allows several Montauk Branch trains that begin or end east of Babylon to use the Main Line from Bethpage to Jamaica. The branch is colored as part of the Ronkonkoma Branch on some LIRR maps,[22] but these trains are shown on Babylon and Montauk Branch timetables.[23][24] - Much of the line runs parallel to New York State Route 109. The last station that existed along this branch of track was South Farmingdale Station.[25] A sheltered platform existed there as recently as 1974, when the station was discontinued.[26] - Several freight customers are located along the branch, which is served several times weekly by the New York & Atlantic Railway. - -",2023-08-26 18:39:32 -Gson - Wikipedia,"Gson (also known as Google Gson) is an open-source Java library to serialize and deserialize Java objects to (and from) JSON. - The Gson library was originally developed for internal purposes of Google, and Version 1.0 was later released on May 22, 2008 under the terms of Apache License 2.0. The latest version, 2.10.1, was released on 6 January 2023. - Gson uses reflection, so it does not require classes being serialized or de-serialized to be modified. By default, it just needs the class to have defined a default no-args constructor (which can be worked around, see Features). - The following example demonstrates the most basic usage of Gson when serializing a sample object: - After calling the code of the following Main class: - You will get this JSON output: - - Since the Person's field ""age"" is marked as transient, it is not included in the output. - To deserialize the output produced by the last example, you can execute the following code: - And the following output will be generated: - For the above example the following shows how Gson can be used with the Java Platform Module System: - See Gson's usage guide on their GitHub repository for more extensive examples. -",2023-08-26 18:39:35 -Templeglantine - Wikipedia," - Templeglantine (pronounced ""Temple-glan-tin""), officially Templeglentan (Irish: Teampall an Ghleanntáin, meaning 'church of the little glen'),[1] is a village in west County Limerick, Ireland between Newcastle West and Abbeyfeale on the N21 national primary route – the main road from Limerick to Tralee. The village is approximately 55 kilometres southwest Limerick City and roughly 45 kilometres east of Tralee. Templeglantine is often simply referred to as 'Glantine' by natives and other west Limerick locals. - The Irish for Templeglantine is ""Teampall an Ghleanntáin"", which means ""the church of the little glen"". Templeglantine is historically known locally as 'Inse Bán' or ""Inchabaun"", which, when translated, means 'the White River meadow'. - Templeglantine is a chapel village, having grown up around the church, which was built in 1829. A community centre was officially opened in 1977 by Bishop Jeremiah Newman. In the same year, the village received the Glór na nGael trophy from the then President of Ireland, Patrick Hillery. This is an award for the place in Ireland that does the most to promote the use of the Irish language throughout the previous year. - The O'Macasa family ruled the area until the twelfth century when the Norman invasion brought the Fitzgerald family to rule over the area. The Fitzgeralds held the more auspicious title of 'The Earls of Desmond'. - After the defeat of the Desmonds in 1583, the area came under the control of Sir William Courtenay who planted most of west Limerick. The de Lacy family were also landlords in the area. - In 1985 a cist grave was discovered on the lands of James Leahy in the townland of Rathcahill West. These graves are box-like slab structures, which are just below ground level. They are believed to date from between 2000 BC to 500 BC. - The village currently has a church, a school, a shop and post office, a pub, a community hall named Halla Inse Bán, the Devon Inn Hotel and a small housing estate called Ascaill Inse Bán. There are two playing pitches in the parish; Glantine F.C.'s pitch is located in the village, opposite the Devon Hotel. Templeglantine GAA's playing pitch is located just outside the village, at an area known locally as 'Dores Cross'. - Templeglantine GAA Club (formed in 1898) is solely a Hurling club which currently competes at Junior A level in Limerick GAA. It currently plays in the West Limerick Junior A Hurling Championship. The club originally played as 'Templeglantine Owen Roes' or 'Eoin Ruas' at various times in the past. The club colours are Green & Gold hoops. The crest features the parish church, from which the village grew, the scenic Tullig Wood in the western end of the parish and the famous Barnagh Tunnel in the eastern side of the parish. - The club's facilities include a playing pitch, clubhouse/dressing rooms, viewing stand and viewing bank and a team gymnasium. The playing pitch is due to be upgraded in 2016. The club does not field any Gaelic Football teams. - The club has previously been amalgamated at Minor and U21 level with neighbours Tournafulla GAA as Allaughan Gaels (currently only joined at U21 level as of 2015). Allaughan Gaels won 3 West Limerick Minor titles in a row from 2009 to 2011, adding a County Minor B Hurling title in 2009. They also won West U21 A Hurling titles in 2009, 2011 and 2013. - Templeglantine GAA have won County Limerick Junior Hurling titles in 1937, 1993, 2007 and 2013. The club reached the Munster Junior B Hurling Championship Final in February 2014, drawing with Holycross/Ballycahill of Tipperary in the final played at 'The Bog Garden' in Rathkeale. Holycross/Ballycahill subsequently defeated Templeglantine in the All-Ireland Junior B Hurling Final Replay at Raheenagh in March 2014. - The local soccer club is called Glantine F.C. (formerly Glantine Rovers) whose club colours are Red & Yellow. Former professional Footballer John McGrath played his underage football with the club. The club was formed in 1982. It currently competes in the Limerick Desmond League Division 2 (as of 2021). - There is a rich tradition of Irish culture, especially Irish Traditional Music in Templeglantine. The parish is part of the Sliabh Luachra area of traditional music around the border areas of Kerry, Cork, and Limerick. The local Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann branch is called CCÉ Teampall an Ghleanntáin. They teach traditional music to students from 'Glantine' and the surrounding area. They have competed successfully at Limerick, Munster and All-Ireland Fleadhanna and have won several All-Ireland titles in céilidhs and Grúpaí Ceoil. The branch also compete in wrenboy competitions. The Templeglantine Céilí Band is very well known and frequently perform at céilidh and concerts in the Sliabh Luachra area. Céilithe are also frequently held at the Devon hotel in the village. -",2023-08-26 18:39:38 -European College of Parma - Wikipedia," - The European College of Parma Foundation (Italian: Fondazione Collegio Europeo di Parma, French: La Fondation Collège Européen de Parme) is a higher education institution which provides academic training for young European graduates in the field of European Union law, economics and politics. The educational programme offered by the European College of Parma is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary academic curriculum covering the whole process of European integration. - The educational programme provided by the European College is geared to preparing students for careers in EU, national and local institutions, professional associations, the corporate world and private practice. - The first unit of the college was created in 1988 as a consortium of institutions, by the will of the institutions of the territory of Parma and the region Emilia-Romagna in order to offer students and community a school of higher education, which promoted the knowledge of the functioning of EU institutions. - The current offer consists of an interdisciplinary academic curriculum on the process of European integration, aimed particularly at post-graduate Master students: the Advanced Diploma in European Studies (ADES). It was launched on 27 September 2003 with the inauguration of the first academic year, by the President of European Commission, Romano Prodi [2]. In 2004 was inaugurated the current site of the college and the institute got the legal form of foundation, similarly to the one of the College of Europe of Bruges and Natolin. The goal is to train young European graduates in the fields of law, economics and politics of the European Union. - The Scientific Committee is composed by: Jacques Delors, Romano Prodi, Ana Palacio, Étienne Davignon, Franco Frattini, Martin Bangemann, Alfonso Mattera, Cesare Azzali, Franco Mosconi, Andrea Boltho, Erik Jones.[1] - Since 2003, similarly to what happens at the College of Europe in Bruges and Natolin, each academic year is called ""promotion"". These are dedicated to prominent personalities that have contributed to the European integration. -",2023-08-26 18:39:42 -Fium'Albino - Wikipedia,"The Fium'Albino is a small coastal river in the departments of Corse-du-Sud and Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. -Its mouth opens into the Gulf of St Florent in the Mediterranean Sea on the west of the Cap Corse peninsula. - The Fium'Albino is 7.68 kilometres (4.77 mi) long. -It crosses the communes of Farinole and Patrimonio.[1] -It forms from several streams that originate on the western slope of the ridge that forms the backbone of Cap Corse, and that meet to the east of the town of Patrimonio.[2] -The Ruiseau de Serpaio rises to the west of the 839 metres (2,753 ft) Monte San Columbano. -It joins the Ruisseau di Monti Rossi to form the Fium'Albino. -This flows in a generally southwest direction past the town of Patrimonio then northwest to enter the sea beside Punta di Saeta.[3] - The Fium'Albino enters the Gulf of St-Laurent downstream from the Ponte Albino. -From this point, a steep limestone ridge contains the south of the lower valley, and ends in the rocky headland Punta di Saeta. -The Fium Albino flows intermittently, but downstream of the Ponte Albino it resembles a wadi with only seasonal surface runoff. -In this section, the stream cuts through an old alluvial terrace made up of pebbles and blocks covered with a layer of finer alluvium. -It has a pebble bed, and there are pebble beaches on both sides of its estuary, which is replaced by sand to the northeast.[2] - The river gives its name to the Fium Albino Formation, which outcrops in the Saint-Florent region and at Francardo. -This was formed in the late early Miocene and early middle Miocene and consists of fluvial deposits of Alpine-derived detritus, with subordinate foreland-derived volcanic detritus.[4] -It is found in depressions cut by erosion into the underlying Nebbio nappe, and consists of pebble conglomerate and very coarse- to coarse-grained sandstone.[5] -The formation is found inland in a narrow strip that crosses the river from north to south. -The lower course of the river runs through the Torra and Monte Sant'Angelo Formation, where carbonate intrabasinal detritus predominates. -Above the Fium Albino Formation are rocks of the Late Carboniferous–Permian Volcanic Succession and finally Upper Schistes Lustrés in the higher land.[6] - Between 2012 and 2021, the river was observed between May and September from the RD333 bridge. -Once in June and three times in August the river had dried up. -Four more times in August or September there was no discernible flow.[7] - ""Ponte Albino et abords"" has been designated as a Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF). -This includes the last part of the lower valley of Fium Albino and the limestone slope which overhangs it on the left (south) bank from Ponte Albino.[2] - The natural vegetation of the edges of the watercourse includes wild garlic (Allium vineale), lavender-leaved anthyllis (Anthyllis hermanniae), Arabian pea (Bituminaria bituminosa), shrubby hare's-ear (Bupleurum fruticosum), thorny broom (Calicotome spinosa), pink rock-rose (Cistus creticus), Montpellier cistus (Cistus monspeliensis), fragrant virgin's bower (Clematis flammula), French lavender (Lavandula stoechas), honeysuckle (Lonicera implexa) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). -In the downstream section, the riparian forest is mainly shrub. -Further upstream, there are trees such as Italian alder (Alnus cordata), black poplar (populus nigra) and South European flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus).[2] - In October 1981, Bogidiella cyrnensis, a new amphipoda species of the family Bogidiellidae was found in fine gravel and silt in the river bed under the D333 road bridge.[8] -The specific name cyrnensis refers to Cyrnos (Kûpvoç), the classical Greek name for Corsica.[9] - The following streams (ruisseaux) are tributaries of the Fium'Albino (ordered by length):[1] -",2023-08-26 18:39:47 -Gegi - Wikipedia,"Gegi was an Ancient Egyptian high official who lived at the end of the Old Kingdom in the 6th Dynasty around 2300 BC, although it is not possible to provide an exact date. Gegi is known from his false door and six statues. They were found at Saqqara and entered the Egyptian Museum in 1884 where they are still housed.[2] They must come from his tomb. The exact findspot of his burial is unknown.[3] On his monuments, Gegi bears different titles, the most important being overlord of the Thinite nome (Ta-wer). He was therefore nomarch of the province. Gegi was also overseer of priests of Onuris.[4] The latter god was the main deity at Thinis. -",2023-08-26 18:39:51 -"Savonburg, Kansas - Wikipedia"," - Savonburg is a city in Allen County, Kansas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 74.[3] - Savonburg was founded in 1879.[4] The origin of the name Savonburg is obscure.[5] It was incorporated as a city in 1902.[6] Its high school closed in 1946, then its grade school closed in the 1960s.[4] Many of the settlers of Savonburg were Swedish. In the early days, the city had a Swedish concert band.[7] For much of the 20th century, Savonburg was served by the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad which maintained a passenger depot in the city. - Savonburg is located at  WikiMiniAtlas37°44′53″N 95°8′37″W / 37.74806°N 95.14361°W / 37.74806; -95.14361 (37.748124, -95.143508).[8] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.20 square miles (0.52 km2), all of it land.[9] - As of the census[10] of 2010, there were 109 people, 41 households, and 27 families residing in the city. The population density was 545.0 inhabitants per square mile (210.4/km2). There were 47 housing units at an average density of 235.0 per square mile (90.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.9% White, 4.6% Native American, and 5.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.5% of the population. - There were 41 households, of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 17.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.1% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.41. - The median age in the city was 31.5 years. 39.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 1.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 20.2% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.0% male and 45.0% female. - As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 91 people, 37 households, and 24 families residing in the city. The population density was 462.6 inhabitants per square mile (178.6/km2). There were 45 housing units at an average density of 228.8 per square mile (88.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.31% White, 6.59% Native American, and 1.10% from two or more races. - There were 37 households, out of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04. - In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.9 males. - The median income for a household in the city was $8,750, and the median income for a family was $40,625. Males had a median income of $19,375 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,085. There were 23.1% of families and 40.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 26.7% of under eighteens and 70.0% of those over 64. -",2023-08-26 18:39:55 -Fetal warfarin syndrome - Wikipedia,"Fetal warfarin syndrome is a disorder of the embryo which occurs in a child whose mother took the medication warfarin (brand name: Coumadin) during pregnancy. Resulting abnormalities include low birth weight, slower growth, intellectual disability, deafness, small head size, and malformed bones, cartilage, and joints.[1] - Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant drug (blood thinner) used to reduce blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and embolism in people with prosthetic heart valves, atrial fibrillation, or those who have had ischemic stroke.[2] Warfarin blocks the action of vitamin K, causing an inhibition of blood clotting factors and the pro-bone-building hormone osteocalcin. - Warfarin is a teratogen which can cross from the mother to the developing fetus. The inhibition of clotting factors can lead to internal bleeding of the fetus while the inhibition of osteocalcin causes lower bone growth. As well as birth defects, warfarin can induce spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.[3] Because of this, warfarin is contraindicated during pregnancy. - The key symptoms, visible at birth, vary between individuals exposed to warfarin in utero. The severity and occurrence of symptoms is dose dependent with higher doses (>5 mg warfarin daily) more likely to cause immediately noticeable defects.[4] - The period of pregnancy in which warfarin is administered can affect the category of defects which develop. Warfarin taken in the first trimester of pregnancy is more likely to result in physical abnormalities while warfarin taken in the second and third trimester more commonly causes abnormalities of the central nervous system. The more extreme symptoms such as severe intellectual disability, blindness and deafness occur more often when warfarin is used throughout all three trimesters.[3] - Babies born with fetal warfarin syndrome may have a below-average birth weight and do continue to grow at a reduced rate.[5] - Children with fetal warfarin syndrome show many otolaryngological abnormalities consistent with abnormal bone and cartilage growth. Children may present with hypoplasia of the nasal ridge and a deep groove at the midline of the nose,[3] thinned or absent nasal septum,[6] choanal atresia; a narrowing the airway at the posterior nasal cavity, cleft lip and laryngomalacia;[3] large soft protrusions into the larynx. These facial defects and narrowing of the airways often lead to respiratory distress, noisy breathing and later; speech defects. Narrow airways often widen with age and allow for easier breathing.[3] Dental problems are also seen with abnormally large dental buds and late eruption of deciduous teeth.[6] - Development of the eyes is also affected by warfarin. Microphthalmia; abnormally small eyes, telecanthus; abnormally far apart eyes and strabismus; misaligned or crossed eyes are common signs of fetal warfarin syndrome.[6] The appearance of an ectopic lacrimal duct, where the tear duct protrudes laterally onto the eye has also been noted.[6] - Whole body skeletal abnormalities are common in fetal warfarin syndrome. A generalized reduction in bone size causes rhizomelia; disproportionally short limbs, brachydactyly; short fingers and toes,[3] a shorter neck,[6] short trunk, scoliosis; abnormal curvature of the spine and stippled epiphyses; malformation of joints. Abnormalities of the chest: either pectus carinatum;[3] a protruding sternum, or pectus excavatum;[6] a sunken sternum form an immediately recognizable sign of fetal warfarin syndrome. - Congenital heart defects such as a thinned atrial septum, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus; a connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta occur in 8% of fetal warfarin syndrome patients. Situs inversus totalis, the complete left-right mirroring of thoracic organs, has also been observed - Defects of the central nervous system can lead to profound intellectual disabilities. Fetal warfarin syndrome can lead to microcephaly; an abnormally small head, hydrocephaly; increased ventricle size and CSF volume, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. These defects contribute to the appearance of significant intellectual disability in 31% of fetal warfarin syndrome cases.[3] Hypotonia, whole body muscle relaxation, can appear in newborns with severe nervous deficits. Atrophy of the optic nerve can also cause blindness in fetal warfarin syndrome.[7] - Inhibition of coagulation and resultant internal bleeding can cause too few red blood cells to be present in the bloodstream and low blood pressure in newborns with fetal warfarin syndrome.[5] Low hemoglobin levels can lead to partial oxygen starvation, a high level of lactic acid in the bloodstream, and acidosis. Prolonged oozing of fluid from the stump of the cut umbilical cord is common. - Fetal warfarin syndrome appears in greater than 6% of children whose mothers took warfarin during pregnancy.[3] Warfarin has a low molecular weight so can pass from the maternal to fetal bloodstream through the tight filter-like junctions of the placental barrier. - As the teratogenic effects of warfarin are well known, the medication is rarely prescribed to pregnant women. However, for some patients, the risks associated with discontinuing warfarin use may outweigh the risk of embryopathy. Patients with prosthetic heart valves carry a particularly high risk of thrombus formation due to the inorganic surface and turbulent blood flow generated by a mechanical prosthesis. The risk of blood clotting is further increased by generalized hypercoagulability as concentrations of clotting factors rise during pregnancy.[8] This increased chance of blood clots leads to an increased risk of potentially fatal pulmonary or systemic emboli cutting off blood flow and oxygen to critical organs. Thus, some patients may continue taking warfarin throughout the pregnancy despite the risks to the developing child. - Warfarin's ability to cause fetal warfarin syndrome in utero stems from its ability to limit vitamin K activation.[3] Warfarin binds to and blocks the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase which is usually responsible for activating vitamin K during vitamin K recycling. Vitamin K, once activated, is able to add a carboxylic acid group to glutamate residues of certain proteins which assists in correct protein folding.[9] Without active vitamin K, a fetus exposed to warfarin is unable to produce large quantities of clotting and bone growth factors. - Without vitamin K, clotting factors II, VII, IX and X are unable to be produced. Without these vital parts of the coagulation cascade a durable fibrin plug cannot form to block fluid escaping from damaged or permeable vasculature.[2] Anemia is common in fetuses exposed to warfarin as blood constantly seeps into the interstitial fluid or amniotic cavity.[5] High doses of warfarin and heavy bleeding lead to abortion and stillbirth. - Osteocalcin is another protein dependent on vitamin K for correct folding and function. Osteocalcin is normally secreted by osteoblast cells and plays a role in aiding correct bone mineralization and bone maturation.[10] In the presence of warfarin and subsequent absence of vitamin K and active osteocalcin, bone mineralization and growth are stunted. - Fetal warfarin syndrome is prevented by withholding prescription to pregnant women or those trying to conceive. As warfarin can remain in the mother's body for up to five days,[11] warfarin should not be administered in the days leading up to conception. Doctors must take care to ensure women of reproductive age are aware of the risks to the baby should they get pregnant, before prescribing warfarin. - For some women, such as those with prosthetic heart valves, anticoagulation medication cannot be suspended during pregnancy as the risk of thrombus and emboli is too high. In such cases an alternate anticoagulant, which cannot pass through the placental barrier to the fetus, is proscribed in place of warfarin. Heparin is one such anticoagulant medication, although its efficacy in patients with prosthetic heart valves is not well established.[12] New anticoagulant medications, which are efficacious and non-teratogenic such as ximelagatran continue to be developed.[3] - As well as the routine dose of vitamin K given to newborns after birth, babies born with fetal warfarin syndrome are given additional doses intramuscularly to overcome any remaining warfarin in the circulation and prevent further bleeding. Fresh frozen plasma is also administered to raise concentrations of active blood clotting factors. If the child is anemic from extensive bleeding in-utero, red blood cell concentrate is given to restore oxygen carrying capacity.[5] - Surgical interventions can be given to improve functionality and correct cosmetic abnormalities. Osteotomy (bone cutting) and zetaplasty surgeries are used to cut away abnormal tissue growths at the piriform aperture around and pharynx to reduce airway obstruction.[6] Rhinoplasty surgery is used to restore normal appearance and function of the nose.[6] Heart surgery may also be required to close a patent ductus arteriosus. -",2023-08-26 18:39:59 -Vaughn Connaly - Wikipedia,"Vaughn Connaly (born August 25, 1902, date of death unknown)[1] was a defensive back/halfback in the American Football League. He played for the 1926 Newark Bears. He played collegiately for the Georgia Tech football team. - - This biographical article relating to an American football defensive back born in the 1900s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:40:02 -Kastytis Klimas - Wikipedia,"Kastytis Klimas (born 26 April 1969, in Domeikava) is track and field sprint athlete who competed internationally for Lithuania. - - - This biographical article relating to Lithuanian athletics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:40:06 -1949 Boston College Eagles football team - Wikipedia," - The 1949 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1949 college football season. The Eagles were led by sixth-year head coach Denny Myers and played their home games at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts. Boston College finished with a record of 4–4–1. - In the annual rivalry game against Holy Cross, Boston College routed the Crusaders 76–0, by far the most lopsided result in the history of the series.[2] - [7][1] - - This article related to sports in Boston is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a sports team in Massachusetts is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This college football 1940s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:40:09 -327th Bombardment Squadron - Wikipedia," - The 327th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 4170th Strategic Wing, stationed at Larson Air Force Base, Washington. It was decommissioned on 1 February 1963. - The squadron was activated at Barksdale Field, Louisiana on 1 March 1942, as the 327th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 92nd Bombardment Group. Later that month it moved to MacDill Field, Florida and trained with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses. While training in Florida, the squadron also flew antisubmarine patrols off the Florida coast.[1][3] The squadron's air echelon departed Sarasota Army Air Field for Westover Field, Massachusetts on 19 June 1942, flying on to Dow Field, Maine on 29 June. The squadron then ferried their B-17s across the North Atlantic via Newfoundland starting between 12 and 15 August. They flew directly from Newfoundland to Prestwick Airport, Scotland. The 92nd Group was the first to fly their bombers non-stop across the Atlantic.[note 4][4] Meanwhile, the ground echelon left Bradenton on 18 July, arriving at Fort Dix, New Jersey in the New York Port of Embarkation two days later. It sailed aboard the USS West Point (AP-23) on 2 August and docked at Liverpool on 18 August, moving to Bovingdon the same day.[1][4] - The buildup of Eighth Air Force in England required the establishment of a combat crew replacement and training center, but a lack of qualified personnel and aircraft hampered its development. As a result, the decision was made to use the 92nd Group and its squadrons as a temporary crew training unit, acting as the main component of what became the 11th Combat Crew Replacement Center Group. However, the 92d was the first group to arrive in England with improved B-17Fs, and with the training mission came an exchange of these newer models for the older B-17Es of the 97th Bombardment Group to use in training. On 6 September, to provide the squadron with combat experience, it flew its first combat mission against the Potez aircraft factory at Meaulte, France.[5][6] Although remaining a replacement crew training unit until May 1943, the squadron initially flew occasional combat missions. In January 1943, he squadron moved to RAF Alconbury.[1] - In 1942 and 1943, there were no fighters capable of escorting bomber formations on deep strike missions. The Army Air Forces tested heavily armed bombers to act as escorts and protect the bomb-carrying aircraft from enemy fighters.[7] As it ended its training duties, The 327th became the only squadron to be equipped with the experimental Boeing YB-40 Flying Fortress gunship[4] from May through July 1943. Twelve of the YB-40s were dispatched to Alconbury for testing and evaluation. The first operational YB-40 sortie took place on 29 May 1943[7] against submarine pens at Saint-Nazaire, France.[6] Very early on, it was found that the additional drag of the turrets and the extra weight of the guns, armor, and additional ammunition reduced the speed of the YB-40 to a point where it could not maintain formation with the standard B-17s on the way home from the target once they had released their bombs.[7] The YB-40 could protect itself fairly well, but not the bombers it was supposed to defend. Consequently, the surviving YB-40s were converted back to standard B-17F configuration or used as gunnery trainers back in the United States. The squadron ended YB-40 operations after fewer than 10 missions[7] on 29 July 1943.[6] - In May 1943, the squadron's training mission was transferred and the 327th began flying combat missions. Through May 1944 its targets included shipyards at Kiel, ball bearing plants at Schweinfurt, submarine pens at Wilhelmshaven, a tire manufacturing plant at Hannover, airfields near Paris, an aircraft factory at Nantes and a magnesium mine in Norway.[3] - The squadron earned a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) on 11 January 1944, when it successfully bombed aircraft manufacturing factories in Oschersleben Germany despite adverse weather, a lack of fighter protection and heavy flak.[3][6] It participated in Big Week, the intensive attack against German aircraft industry in late February 1944. It took part in Operation Crossbow, attacks on launch sites for V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets. It struck airfields and industrial sites in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany. After October 1944 it concentrated on transportation and oil industry targets.[3] On 11 September, it earned a second DUC for a mission against petroleum facilities at Merseburg.[1][6] - In addition to its strategic bombing mission, the squadron flew interdiction and air support missions. During Operation Overlord, the Normandy invasion, it attacked coastal defenses, transportation junctions and marshalling yards near the beachhead. It provided air support for Operation Cobra, the Allied breakout at Saint Lo, It bombed bridges and gun positions to support Operation Market Garden, the airborne attacks in the Netherlands near Arnhem, to secure bridgeheads across the Rhine in September. During the Battle of the Bulge, from December 1944 to January 1945, it attacked bridges and marshalling yards near the target area. During Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine, it provided cover by bombing airfields near the drop zone.[3] It flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945, when the 92nd Group led the entire Eighth Air Force formation in an attack on Plzeň.[4][6] - Following V-E Day, the squadron moved to Istres Air Base, France, where it participated in the Green Project, transporting troops returning to the United States, flying them to Cazes Field in Morocco until September, returning French servicemen to France on return trips.[3][4] During the winter it flew displaced Greek nationals from Munich to Athens.[4] It was inactivated in France on 28 February 1946 and its remaining personnel were absorbed into elements of the 306th Bombardment Group at Lechfeld Air Base, Germany.[1][3][8] - Reactivated as a Strategic Air Command (SAC) Boeing B-29 Superfortress squadron in July 1946. Performed strategic bombardment training and operations directed by SAC. In March 1948 deployed to England and Germany to support the Berlin Airlift. - Deployed to Far East Air Forces (FEAF) and flying combat missions over North Korea. Under control of the Far East Air Forces Bomber Command (Provisional) until 20 October, the squadron bombed factories, refineries, iron works, hydroelectric plants, airfields, bridges, tunnels, troop concentrations, barracks, marshalling yards, road junctions, rail lines, supply dumps, docks, vehicles and other strategic and interdiction targets. - Released from combat on 20 October 1950. Many of the still operational B-29s remained with FEAF to serve on with the 19th and 307th Bombardment Groups at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa; and the 98th Bombardment Group at Yokota Air Base, Japan. Returned without most personnel and equipment to Spokane Air Force Base, Washington in late October and November 1950. - Re-equipped with the Convair B-36 Peacemaker intercontinental strategic bomber in 1951. Engaged in training operations on a worldwide scale. Deployed in August 1953 to the Far East was to survey suitable bases for B-36 use and to reinforce the Korean armistice of July 1953. 20 B-36D aircraft landed at Kadena AB, for 'Operation Big Stick'. B-36 aircraft visited Yokota Air Base and Anderson Air Force Base, Guam. The squadron returned to Fairchild after a short stay. Redeployed to Guam 14 October 1954 for 90 days, which established a succession of deployed B-36 squadrons to maintain a heavy bomber presence in the western Pacific. Returned for its second 90-day deployment in April 1956. - During the 1956 deployment to Guam, four 327th B-36J aircraft were deployed to Hickam Air Force Base Hawaii. They would support Operation Redwing, the 1956 Eniwetok nuclear tests. B-36 operations were not without casualties. On 15 April 1952, a borrowed 327th B-36 with a 326th crew crashed on takeoff, killing 15 crewmen, 2 survived, severely burned. The ""Magnesium Overcast"" would burn very hot. In May 1955, the 327th was awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for Operation Big Stick. - In October 1956, the Squadron was scheduled to convert to the Boeing B-52D Stratofortress retaining its designation. Events in the fall of 1956 would delay the conversion to B-52. The Suez Crisis and Eastern Europe conflicts required the wing and squadrons to remain operational, and were on ""cocked ground alert"" into the second week of December. The 327th was not operational from 5 February 1957 to 1 June 1957. 327th B-52 operations continued through February 1963, with training missions to improve and maintain proficiency, served on Ground Alert, and participated in a seven-month test of Airborne Alert missions during 3 March, to 6 October 1959. The airborne alert test would earn the second AFOUA. - In July 1960, the 327th began the movement of the squadron’s personnel, aircraft and equipment to Larson Air Force Base, Washington. This was the completion of the dispersal program to reduce vulnerability of large (three squadron 45 B-52) unit at one base. The 326th Bombardment Squadron would move to Glasgow Air Force Base Montana in February 1961. On setup at Larson, the squadron resumed alert duties and training under the command of the 4170th Strategic Wing. - In an effort to honor heritage units of the past, on 1 February 1963, the 4170th and 327th when SAC inactivated its strategic wings, replacing them with permanent Air Force Wings. Squadron was inactivated with aircraft/personnel/equipment transferred to the 768th Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously activated. - -  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency. -",2023-08-26 18:40:14 -Stefan Szeider - Wikipedia,"Stefan Szeider is an Austrian computer scientist who works on the areas of algorithms, computational complexity, theoretical computer science, and more specifically on propositional satisfiability, constraint satisfaction problems, and parameterised complexity. He is a full professor at the Faculty of Informatics[1] at the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), the head of the Algorithms and Complexity Group, and co-chair of the Vienna Center for Logic and Algorithms (VCLA) of TU Wien.[2][3] - Szeider received his doctorate in Mathematics from the University of Vienna in 2001 under the supervision of Professors Herbert Fleischner and Georg Gottlob while working as a mathematician at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.[4][5] - Szeider is a full professor at the Faculty of Informatics at TU Wien.[1] Previously he was first Lecturer and then Reader at the University of Durham, UK (2004–2009) and a postdoc with Professor Stephen Cook’s Group at the University of Toronto (2002–2004).[5][6] He is a co-chair of the Vienna Center for Logic and Algorithms, which he founded together with Helmut Veith in 2012.[7][8] He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Computer and System Sciences, the Journal of Discrete Algorithms, the Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research and Fundamenta Informaticae.[5] - Szeider published more than 140 refereed publications in the areas of theoretical computer science, algorithms, computational complexity, artificial intelligence, propositional satisfiability and constraint satisfaction.[9][10] - Szeider is best known for popularizing the notion of backdoor sets for SAT and other problems[11][12] and the introduction of dependency schemes for quantified boolean formulas.[13] - Szeider also worked on width measures for graphs such as treewidth and clique-width. He showed with coauthors that it is NP-hard to determine whether the clique-width of a given graph is smaller than a given bound.[14] He established complexity results for detecting minimally unsatisfiable formulas.[15][16] -",2023-08-26 18:40:19 -Captaincy General of Chile - Wikipedia," WikiMiniAtlas33°27′00″S 70°40′00″W / 33.45°S 70.666667°W / -33.45; -70.666667 The General Captaincy of Chile (Capitanía General de Chile [kapitaˈni.a xeneˈɾal de ˈtʃile]), Governorate of Chile, or Kingdom of Chile,[1] was a territory of the Spanish Empire from 1541 to 1817 that was, initially, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It comprised most of modern-day Chile and southern parts of Argentina in the Patagonia region. Its capital was Santiago de Chile. In 1810 it declared itself independent, with the Spanish reconquering the territory in 1814, but in 1817 it gained independence as the Republic of Chile. It had a number of Spanish governors over its long history and several kings. - The Captaincy General of Chile was incorporated to the Crown of Castile as were all the other Spanish possessions in the New World. The Captaincy General of Chile was first known as New Extremadura (a name subsequently given to a part of Mexico) and then as Indian Flanders. - Benjamin Vicuna Mackena noted that Chile has always been officially and unofficially the Kingdom of Chile. [2]In the XVI century Pedro Marino de Lobera, “Corregidor de Valdivia”, 1575 wrote the [3]Chronicles of the Kingdom of Chile. Other publications of the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries confirm the name and/or status of what is known as the [4] Kingdom. However, although the status of kingdom was officially used and recognised in Court the jurisdiction of the kingdom was still under Spanish control for most of its existence, later it became a republic.[5] - The administrative apparatus of the Captaincy General of Chile was subordinate to the Council of the Indies and the Laws of the Indies, like the other Spanish colonial possessions. The day-to-day work was handled mostly by viceroys and governors, who represented the king in the overseas territories. The areas of the Americas, which had been the site of complex civilizations or became rich societies were usually referred to by the Spanish as ""kingdoms"". - In 1536 Diego de Almagro formed the first expedition to explore the territories to the south of the Inca Empire, which had been granted to him as the Governorship of New Toledo. After Almargo's death, Pedro de Valdivia solicited and was granted in 1539 the right to explore and conquer the area with Francisco Pizarro's approval. Valdivia founded the city of Santiago del Nuevo Extremo and a few months later its cabildo (municipal council) appointed him governor and Captain General of New Extremadura on June 11, 1541. Other cities founded during Valdivia's administration were Concepción in 1550, La Imperial in 1551, Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica and Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia in 1552, and the following year Los Confines and Santiago del Estero on the eastern side of the Andes. In 1553 Valdivia also founded a series of forts for protection of the settled areas: San Felipe de Araucan, San Juan Bautista de Purén and San Diego de Tucapel. After Valdivia's death that same year, these last forts, Villarica and Concepcion were lost. they were recovered following the war with Lautaro and Caupolicán. Following the defeat of the Mapuche by García Hurtado de Mendoza, settlements continued to grow and more cities were founded: Cañete de la Frontera on the site of the former Fort San Diego de Tucapel and Villa de San Mateo de Osorno in 1558, San Andrés de Angol in 1560, Ciudad de Mendoza del Nuevo Valle de La Rioja in 1561, San Luis de Loyola Nueva Medina de Rioseco and San Juan de la Frontera in 1562, and Santiago de Castro in 1567. Martín García Óñez de Loyola founded a last city south of the Bio Bio River, Santa Cruz de Coya, in 1595. - A Mapuche revolt was triggered following the news of the battle of Curalaba on the 23 of December 1598, where the vice toqui Pelantaru and his lieutenants Anganamon and Guaiquimilla with three hundred men ambushed and killed the Spanish governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola and nearly all his companions. - Over the next few years the Mapuche were able to destroy or force the abandonment of seven Spanish cities in Mapuche territory: Santa Cruz de Coya (1599), Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia (1599), San Andrés de Los Infantes (1599), La Imperial (1600), Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica (1602), San Mateo de Osorno (1602), and San Felipe de Araucan (1604). - In the 17th century, the Spanish colony of Chile saw a rearrangement of its population center. While in the 16th century, most of the cities founded by the Spanish were located from Bio-Bio southward, with only Santiago, La Serena and some transandine cities located north of it, in the 17th century, Spanish authority and settlements were bought down south of Bío-Bío Region. The colony went from being a gold exporter with potential for expanding to the Strait of Magellan to being one of the Spanish Empire's most problematic and poor in natural resources. The Spanish Empire had to divert silver from Potosí to finance a standing army in Chile to fight in the Arauco War. Since the raids of Francis Drake in Chilean waters more seaborne assaults followed in the 17th century, mostly from Dutch corsairs. The Spanish Empire's attempts to block the entrance to the Pacific Ocean by fortifying the Straits of Magellan were abandoned after the discovery of Hoces Sea, focusing then on fortifying the coastal cities of Chile a tactic that later was proven to be more affordable and effective in combating piracy while keeping the area under Spanish rule. - As noted, the area had been designated a governorship (gobernación) during the initial exploration and settlement of the area, but because the local Amerindian peoples demonstrated fierce resistance, a more autonomous, military-based governmental authority was needed. Thus, the governor was given command of the local military and the title of captain general. This arrangement was seen in many places of the Spanish Empire. - The greatest setback the Spanish settlements suffered was the Disaster of Curalaba in 1598, which nearly wiped them out. All cities south of the Biobío River with the exception of Castro were destroyed. The river became La Frontera the de facto border between Spanish and Native areas for the next century. (See Arauco War.) - Chile lost an important part of its territory with the Bourbon reforms of Charles III, the territories of the city of Mendoza and San Juan from the province of Cuyo were transferred to the domain of the newly created Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776.[6][7] Chile gained two intendancies, Santiago and Concepción in 1786 and became a Bourbon-style Captaincy General in 1789. - The Chilean colonial society was based on a caste system. The Criollos (American born Spaniards) enjoyed privileges like the ownership of encomiendas (Indian labor jurisdictions) and were allowed limited access to government and administrative positions such as corregidor or alférez. Mestizos made up initially a small group, but with time grew to become a majority in Chilean society becoming more numerous than native indigenous peoples.[10] Mestizos were not a homogeneous group and were judged more by appearance and education than by actual ancestry.[10] Native peoples experienced the most discrimination among societal groups in colonial Chile; many of them were used as cheap labor in encomienda, causing their numbers to decrease over time due to disease. Pehuenches, Huilliches and Mapuches living south of La Frontera were not part of the colonial society since they were outside the de facto borders of Chile. Black slaves made up a minority of the population in colonial Chile and had a special status due to their high cost of import and maintenance.[10] Black slaves were often used as housekeepers and other posts of confidence.[10] Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain, were a rather small group in late colonial times, some of them came as government officials and some other as merchants. Their role in high government positions in Chile led to resentment among local criollos.[10] Mixing of different groups was not uncommon although marriage between members of the different groups was rare. - During late colonial times new migration pulses took off leading to large numbers of Basque people settling in Chile mingling with landowning criollos, forming a new upper class.[10] Scholar Louis Thayer Ojeda estimates that during the 17th and 18th centuries fully 45% of all immigrants in Chile were Basques.[11] - Native indigenous peoples in colonial society appeared, to the average Catholic Spaniard, to be somewhat liberal in their approach to sexual relationships.[12] - 16th century Spaniards are known to have been pessimistic about marriage.[12] Many of the initial conquistadores left their own families behind in Spain and started new relationships in Chile.[12] Examples of this is Pedro de Valdivia who held Inés de Suárez as a common law wife while in Chile.[12] Adultery was explicitly forbidden for Catholics and the Council of Trent (1545–1563) made the climate prone for accusations of adultery.[12] Over the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries marital fidelity increased in Chile.[12] - For many years, cartographers and European explorers speculated about the existence of the Terra Australis Incognita, a vast territory located in the south of the Strait of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego and reached the South Pole. - The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed on June 7 of 1494, set the areas of influence of Spain and Portugal, west and east, respectively, of a line running from pole to pole that was never demarcated (at 46° 37 'W in the Spanish classical interpretation, and further west, according to the Portuguese interpretation), so the Antarctic areas claimed by Chile today, while still unknown at that time, fell within the control of Spain. The treaty, backed by the papal bull Ea quae pro bono pacis in 1506 was made mandatory for all Catholic countries, was not recognized by European non-Catholic states and even by some that were, like France. For Britain, Dutch, Russia and other countries, the Antarctic areas were considered res nullius, a no man's land not subject to the occupation of any nation. - In 1534, The Emperor Charles V divided in three governorates the South American territory : - In 1539, a new governorate was formed south of New León called Terra Australis to Pedro Sanchez de la Hoz. In 1554, the conqueror Pedro de Valdivia, who led the Governorate of Chile, he talked to the Council of the Indies to give the rights of New León and the Terra Australis to Jeronimo de Alderete, which, after the death of Valdivia the following year, became governor of Chile and annexed the Chilean colonial territory. - Proof of this are numerous historical documents, among which include a Royal Decree of 1554: - Because it was personally consulted, we will grant, to the Captain Jeronimo de Alderete the land across the Magellan Strait Later, in 1558, the Royal Decree of Brussels it prompted the Chilean colonial government to take ownership in our name from the lands and provinces that fall in the demarcation of the Spanish crown in Referring to the land across the Strait, because at that time it was thought that Tierra del Fuego was an integral part of the Terra Australis. - One of the most important works of Spanish literature, the epic poem La Araucana by Alonso de Ercilla (1569), is also considered by Chile as favorable to their argument, as you can read in the seventh stanza of his Canto I: - Is Chile North South very long,new sea coast of the south called;will from East to West of wideone hundred miles, so wider taken,under the Antarctic Pole heighttwenty-seven degrees,prolonged until the sea Ocean and Chileanmix their waters within narrow. In the fourth stanza of his Canto III: - This was the one who found the sectionsIndians of Antarctic regions. There are also stories and maps, both Chilean and Europeans, indicating the membership of the Terra Australis Antarctica as part of the Captaincy General of Chile. - The Spanish navigator Gabriel de Castilla sailed from Valparaiso in March 1603 in command of three ships in an expedition entrusted by his brother cousin viceroy of Peru, Luis de Velasco y Castilla, to repress the incursions of Dutch privateers in the Southern Seas, reaching 64 degrees south latitude. There have not founded in the Spanish archives documents confirming the reached latitude and sighted land; however, the story of the Dutch sailor Laurenz Claesz (is a testimony dateless, but probably after 1607), documents the latitude and time. Claesz said: - Sailed under the Admiral don Gabriel of Castile with three ships along the coasts of Chile towards Valparaiso, and from there to the strait. In March of 1603 he reached 64 degrees and they had a lot of snow there. In the following April they returned back to the coast of Chile Another Dutch document, published in Amsterdam in three languages in 1622, says that at 64°S there are ""very high and mountainous, snow cover, like the country of Norway, all white, land It seemed to extend to the Solomon Islands"" This confirms a previous sighting of the lands would be the South Shetland Islands. - Other historians attribute the first sighting of Antarctic land to the Dutch marine Dirk Gerritsz, which would have found the islands now known as South Shetland. According to his account, his ship was diverted from course by a storm after transposing the Strait of Magellan, in the journey of a Dutch expedition to the East Indies in 1599. There are doubts about the veracity of Gerritsz. - At this time was already known the existence of a white continent in south of the Drake Passage, separated from the Tierra del Fuego. In 1772, the British James Cook circumnavigated the waters of the Southern Ocean.[13] which was granted to Pedro Sancho de la Hoz[14][15][16] -",2023-08-26 18:40:23 -Pycnandra petiolata - Wikipedia," - Leptostylis petiolata Vink - Pycnandra petiolata is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. - - This Sapotaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:40:27 -"Trafford, Pennsylvania - Wikipedia","Trafford is a borough in Allegheny and Westmoreland counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Located near Pittsburgh in western Pennsylvania, the borough lies primarily in Westmoreland County; only a small portion extends into Allegheny County. It was incorporated in 1904 from the northernmost corner of North Huntingdon Township, and was named by George Westinghouse for Trafford near Manchester, England. Westinghouse purchased the land in 1902, and the Trafford Foundry began operations on October 3, 1903.[3] The population was 3,317 at the 2020 census.[4] Of this, 3,113 were in Westmoreland County, and only 61 were in Allegheny County. - Trafford is located at  WikiMiniAtlas40°23′2″N 79°45′32″W / 40.38389°N 79.75889°W / 40.38389; -79.75889 (40.383860, -79.758919).[5] - According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.7 km2), all land. - Trafford has four borders, including Penn Township to the northeast, North Huntingdon from the east-northeast to the south, and the Allegheny County neighborhoods of -North Versailles Township to the west and Monroeville to the north. - As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 3,236 people, 1,526 households, and 900 families living in the borough. The population density was 2,258.6 inhabitants per square mile (872.1/km2). There were 1,631 housing units at an average density of 1,138.4 per square mile (439.5/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.27% White, 0.68% African American, 0.03% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population. - There were 1,526 households, out of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.82. - In the borough the population was spread out, with 19.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.8 males. - The median income for a household in the borough was $32,925, and the median income for a family was $40,236. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $23,409 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,487. About 7.4% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over. -",2023-08-26 18:40:32 -Mike Marlar - Wikipedia,"Michael D. Marlar (born January 30, 1978) is an American professional dirt track and stock car racing driver and team owner. He currently competes full-time in Dirt Late Model competition in the No. 157 Longhorn Chassis for Delk-Marlar Racing Development. Marlar is the 2018 World of Outlaws Late Model Series champion and has also previously competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR Xfinity Series, and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series from 2018 to 2022. - Marlar won the 2020 Butterball Memorial at Richmond Raceway in Kentucky and the associated $20,000 payday.[1] - He made his NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series debut at the 2019 Eldora Dirt Derby driving the No. 33 Toyota Tundra for Reaume Brothers Racing.[2] Upon arriving at the track, Marlar was forced to remove the logos for his sponsor Marathon Oil off his truck, as it conflicted with Sunoco being the official fuel of NASCAR.[3] He qualified for the main event by finishing fifth in the third qualifying race.[4] He started in the 23rd position and finished fourth in the main event.[5] - In September 2019, he joined MBM Motorsports for his NASCAR Xfinity Series debut at Richmond Raceway.[6] He spun on the first lap and suffered terminal damage that resulted in a last-place finish.[7] - In March 2021, Marlar returned to MBM to make his NASCAR Cup Series debut in the dirt race at Bristol Motor Speedway. He also joined Hill Motorsports to run the supporting Truck event.[8] In the Truck race, he was involved in a late crash with Kyle Larson.[9] Marlar's maiden Cup start ended after completing 244 of 253 laps due to a spin and he finished 31st.[10] - (key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) -",2023-08-26 18:40:36 -Patrick MacAlister - Wikipedia," -Patrick McAlister (1826–1895) was an Irish Roman Catholic Prelate and 24th Lord Bishop of Down and Connor. - McAlister was born in Bonecastle, parish of Down,[1] and was baptised by Fr Cornelius Denvir (afterwards Bishop of Down and Connor) on 12 April 1826. -He studied in St. Malachy's College and then entered the Logic Class in St Patrick's College, Maynooth on 27 August 1848. He was ordained in Clarendon Street Chapel, Dublin, by Bishop John Francis Willian Whelan OCD Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay on 18 September 1852 and was given his first appointment as Curate of Ballymena on 18 November 1852. He was sent on a temporary mission, as locum tenens to Glenravel, while the priest there was engaged in building St Patrick's Church in the Braid, where he officiated from December 1853 until March 1854. He returned to Ballymena and, after a few months, was appointed Curate of the Lower Ards, April 1854. - He was appointed Curate of Ahoghill in October 1856, but sent to take charge of Ballymoney parish until Father McErlain, the recently appointed parish priest could arrive, which did not occur until 10 March 1857. He was then was curate of Ahoghill until May 1858, when he was appointed Administrator of Holywood and Ballymacarrett, while Father Killen, the parish priest, was administering the parish of Belfast for Dr Denvir. Father McAlister caught scarlatina in Holywood when discharging his duties and was sometime off the mission through sickness. He afterwards officiated two months in Saul, three months in Ballymena and four months in Glenravel; after which be was re-appointed to the curacy of Holywood and Barlymacarret; from that mission he was appointed Parish Priest of Ballycastle, County Antrim on 2 September 1862. - Bishop Patrick Dorrian died at his residence in Chichester Park, Belfast, 3 November 1885, at 7 a.m. and three days late he was interred within the chancel of St Patrick's Church, Belfast. At a meeting of the parish priests held in the chapel of St. Malachy's College immediately after Bishop Dorrian's funeral, McAlister was elected Vicar Capitular of Down and Connor. It was then customary that the Chapter of the vacant See elected three persons, styled respectively Dignus, Dignior and Dignissimus who, after approval of the bishops of the province were sent to the Pope, whose selection almost always fell on the Dignissimus. On 26 November 1885, the parish priests assembled in St. Malachy's College and elected Alexander McMullan, by 8 votes as Dignus, John McErlaine by 9 votes as Dignior, and Patrick McAlister by 24 votes as Dignissimus for selection by the Pope for the vacant bishopric. Also there were two votes for Richard Marner, 2 votes for Dr Henry Henry, President of the Diocesan College (St. Malachy's), and 1 vote for Michael Logue, Bishop of Raphoe. - Dr. McAlister was appointed bishop on Feb 28th 1886 and consecrated in St Patrick's Church, Belfast on Sunday, 28 March 1886. - The consecrating prelate was the Most Rev. Dr. Nulty, Bishop of Meath, who was assisted by the Most Rev. Dr. Donnelly, Bishop of Clogher, and the Most Rev. Dr Woodlock, Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise. The sermon on the occasion was preached by the most Rev. Dr. Logue, Bishop of Raphoe. The Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland, Dr. McGettigan, was present but on account of the state of his health did not officiate. - When Dr. McAlister, on 9 July 1886, made his first episcopal visitation of the parish of Ramoan, a deputation of the parishioners waited on him at the Parochial House for the purpose of reading to him an address and presenting him with a pectoral Cross and Chain. The following is a copy of the address : – - ""My Lord, – It is with sentiments of the deepest filial affection that we, your own beloved parishioners, desire to bid your lordship a hearty welcome to-day, and to express our thanks that Almighty God, although depriving us of a loving pastor, has been pleased to place the mitre of this illustrious diocese on the head of one so learned so patriotic, and so holy"". - ""My Lord, your life for the past 23 years has been entirely devoted to our service, you have raised in our midst a magnificent Church, of which we are justly proud, and which, together with the Parochial House and Schools, you have given us, shall long remain a monument of your energy and zeal. But your Lordship's efforts to promote the glory of God did not rest here you also endeavoured constantly and earnestly, both by word and example, to instil into our hearts a great love for God, and an undying devotion to our holy Faith"". - ""My Lord, we had vainly hoped that after giving the brightest days of your life to us, those which yet remain might have been ours as well. But the hand of God has raised you to a more exalted position and we sincerely pray that He may grant you long years of health and happiness to rule your faithful people"". - ""We beg you will he pleased to accept, as a slight token of our deep love for you, the accompanying Pectoral Cross and Chain, and that you will ever regard us as your own especial care, and Ballycastle as your home"". - The bishop, in the course of his reply, said – - ""My dear friends, it is with feelings of deep emotion that I receive the address of welcome and the present which your generosity has offered me to-day. For both I beg to tender to you, and through you, to the people of this parish, my most sincere and cordial thanks. It is true I have spent the last twenty three years of my life amongst you. It was a great happiness to me to work for a people, who always showed a ready willingness to co-operate in the promotion of every good work which I undertook. To this spirit of generous co-operation is mainly due the success of those works. I had fondly hoped, that where I had lived so long and so happily I would have been permitted to end my days. The disappointment of that hope has, I assure you, my dear friends, caused me more genuine grief than any occurrence of my life, and that grief is increased by the reflection that I did so little for the Parish or Ramoan. The gift which you have presented to me I -esteem very highly on account of its intrinsic value and artistic beauty; but much more because it is the gift of the people, whose esteem I value most, and whose welfare beyond that of all ,others shall ever be dear to me. When I wear this chain and cross at the Holy Altar I will not forget you – the donors. I will commend you to the prayers of Saint Patrick and Brigid, and ask those Holy Patrons of our parish and our country to obtain for you the grace to be always true to faith and fatherland To-day I wish to bring back to your recollection, that when I undertook to build your church and its altar, the primary object I had in view was to erect a becoming sanctuary, where our Divine Saviour, in the Sacrament of His love, might deign to dwell in your midst, and to bless you. And, as in my present position, I need much the aid of your holy prayers, I ask you, my dear friends, when you pay your visits to our Lord on the altar, to commend me to the mercy of His Sacred Heart"". - The chain and cross, which were manufactured to the order and special design of Messrs Campbell & Company, Jewellers, Belfast, are exquisitely finished. On the centre of the cross, which is Celtic in form, are enamelled the arms of Down and Connor, while on the right and left arms are engravings of Saints Patrick and Brigid, the patrons of the parish of Ramoan. On the circle of the cross is the motto ""in hoc signo vinces"" and on the back the following inscription, ""This Pectoral Cross and Chain The gift of his parishioners to the Right Rev,. Patrick McAlister, on the occasion of his Episcopal Consecration, 28 March 1886"". - Dr McAlister was, by virtue of his vocation, leader of the Catholic community in urban, north-east Ulster. As was common with Irish bishops of his era, he viewed his leadership not only as spiritual but political as well. He fought to win for Catholic ratepayers the same voice in civic affairs that their Protestant fellow citizens enjoyed. McAlister was Bishop of Down and Connor for only nine years, but during that episcopate he had to cope with the worst riots of the 19th century in Belfast, triggered by the Home Rule bill of 1886. Thirty-two people lost their lives, and much damage was done to property. Catholic-owned public houses were particularly vulnerable.[2] - Four years later Bishop McAlister confronted the supporters of Charles Stewart Parnell and on 15 August 1891, he established the Irish News as a rival to the Belfast Morning News in order to promote the anti-Parnell nationalist cause. Thereafter there was a serious schism within Belfast Catholicism/nationalism.[3] - In 1895, despite his own illness, McAlister arranged for new premises and expansion of the Mater Infirmorum Hospital.[4] - Bishop MacAlister died on 26 March 1895.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:40:39 -Dust of the Damned - Wikipedia," - Dust of the Damned is a 2012 novel by Western author Peter Brandvold.[1][2] It is a horror Western with supernatural content. The two main characters are werewolf hunter Uriah Zane, and beautiful Deputy U.S. Marshal Aubrey Coffin. - Dust of the Damned is about fugitive werewolves who were released from prison by Abraham Lincoln to help him fight the American Civil War on the condition that after the war they would return to Eastern Europe but they did not keep their promise and headed to the American West. Zane and Coffin's job is to hunt them down. - - This article about a novel in the Western genre of the 2010s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page. This article about a horror novel of the 2010s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.",2023-08-26 18:40:43 -"Rahmanlar, Nazilli - Wikipedia","Rahmanlar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nazilli, Aydın Province, Turkey.[1] Its population is 192 (2022).[2] - - This geographical article about a location in Aydın Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:40:47 -Anthony Parker (American football) - Wikipedia,"Will Anthony Parker (born February 11, 1966) is a former American football cornerback who played nine seasons in the National Football League, mainly for the Minnesota Vikings. He attended McClintock High School in Tempe, Arizona, before attending Arizona State University. His son, Colin, was a redshirt freshman at Arizona State University during the 2007 season. -",2023-08-26 18:40:50 -Kopuaranga River - Wikipedia," - The Kopuaranga River (officially Kōpuaranga River) is a river of the Wairarapa, in New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally south from rough hill country southwest of Eketāhuna, reaching its outflow into the Ruamahanga River 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Masterton. - In December 2019, the approved official geographic name of the river was gazetted as ""Kōpuaranga River"".[1] - ""Place name detail: Kopuaranga River"". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 12 July 2009. -  WikiMiniAtlas40°54′S 175°41′E / 40.900°S 175.683°E / -40.900; 175.683 - - This article about a river in the Wellington Region is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:40:54 -Avgust - Wikipedia,"Avgust is a male given name. - In Russian, Avgust (Russian: А́вгуст or Авгу́ст) is a male given name.[1] Its feminine versions are Avgusta[2] and Avgustina.[3] The name is derived from the Latin word augustus, which means majestic,[2] but originally meant devoted to an augur (a priest who practiced augury, interpreting the will of the gods by studying the flight of birds).[1] - The name was included into various, often handwritten, church calendars throughout the 17th–19th centuries, but was omitted from the official Synodal Menologium at the end of the 19th century.[4] In 1924–1930, the name was included into various Soviet calendars,[4] which included the new and often artificially created names promoting the new Soviet realities and encouraging the break with the tradition of using the names in the Synodal Menologia.[5] - Its diminutives include Ava (А́ва),[1] Gutya (Гу́тя),[1] Gusta (Гу́ста),[2] Gustya (Гу́стя),[2] and Gustey (Густе́й).[6] - The patronymics derived from ""Avgust"" are ""А́вгустович"" (Avgustovich; masculine) and ""А́вгустовна"" (Avgustovna; feminine).[2] - ""Avgust"" is also a colloquial form of the given name Avgustin.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:40:57 -Lasiommata petropolitana - Wikipedia," - Malopolskie, Poland - Lasiommata petropolitana, the northern wall brown, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae.[1] It can be found in large parts of Europe, from the Pyrenees and Alps up to Scandinavia and Finland, east to Russia and Siberia. - The males are 19–21 mm. - P. hiera F. (45 d). Above very similar to the next species, maera, but always black-brown, of the colour of the darkest maera form, the forewing less pointed, with straighter distal margin; on the underside of the forewing the russet-yellow distal band does not extend without interruption to the anal angle, but stops at the lower median vein or is there interrupted. The apical ocellus, moreover, has less often a double pupil, being mostly quite circular and not always accompanied by a small accessory eye-dot (towards the apex), -as is nearly always the case in maera. Besides, hiera is usually of lesser size than the smallest maera, and the black markings, which are very similar to those of maera, shine through on the completely darkened upperside. In the higher mountains of Southern Europe: the Black Forest, Alps, Carpathians, Apennines, and the Balcan; also in Asia Minor, the mountains of Central Asia, the Altai, and the Kentei Mts. Further, in the North and here often in the plains, as for instance in North Russia, Finland, Livonia and Amurland, but also in the mountains of the North, e.g., in Scandinavia. — The northern specimens are on the whole darker and more unicolorous, sometimes almost without markings; Neublieger named such specimens finmarchica. -— Larva uniformly green, the dark dorsal line being only distinct posteriorly; on Festuca. -The butterflies are on the wing in the plains in May and June, in the high mountains not until June and July, not rare in most places; it affects resting under overhanging rocks and settles on stones and walls; the flight is similar to that of megera and maera.[2] - The butterflies fly in one or two generations from April to September. - The larvae feed on various grasses, mainly Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra and Festuca ovina. - - This Elymniini article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:41:00 -Custody (2023 film) - Wikipedia,"Custody is a 2023 Indian period action thriller film written and directed by Venkat Prabhu and produced by Srinivasa Chitturi under Srinivasaa Silver Screen and Anji Industeries.[4] The film stars Naga Chaitanya, Aravind Swamy, Krithi Shetty, Priyamani, R. Sarathkumar and Sampath Raj. It was shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages.[5] - Custody was released theatrically on 12 May 2023, where it received mixed reviews from critics, with praise towards the cast performances (Chaitanya, Arvind Swamy, Sarathkumar and Shetty), cinematography, action sequences, plot and background music, but criticism directed towards its length and predictability and became a box office disappointment.[6][7][8][9] - In 1998, Shiva is a happy-go-lucky police constable, who along with his girlfriend Revathi, a driving instructor, decide to elope and get married. However, Shiva gets involved in a road rage case and arrests Rajasekhar alias ""Raju"", a dreaded gangster who does dirty jobs for CM Dakshayani and her party. George, who is imprisoned by Shiva, tells him that he is a CBI officer who has to produce Raju in court situated at Bangalore in 48 hours, as Raju has useful information regarding Dakshayani's involvement in a orchestrated bomb blast at Morampudi in order to overthrow a state government run by a regional party. Shiva calls Varghese and confirms the same. It is later revealed that Shiva's elder brother, Vishnu, was one of the victims of the Morampudi bomb blast as he was rescuing innocent bystanders. Shiva had later joined the force in order to fulfill his brother's dream of becoming a sub-inspector (SI). - Meanwhile, chief minister Dakshayani learns of Raju's arrest and assigns some goons and IG Nataraj to kill him. Nataraj and Dakshyini's goons try to kill Raju and George, but Shiva subdues the goons and escapes with them. Shiva, Raju and George head to Bangalore, where Revathi also accompanies them. Nataraj tracks them down where their car fell into a lake near a dam. Shiva, Raju, Revathi and George sneak into the dam's underground tunnel, where Nataraj attacks them and George is killed in a crossfire. After escaping from Nataraj, Shiva, Revathi and Raju go to the hospital, as Raju was injured during the previous shootout, but the hospital is watched by Nataraj's men. - Later, the trio arrive at Maj. Gen. Philips Satya Raj and Raju gets operated. After this, the trio are escorted by officers under Varghese's orders, but Nataraj and his goons surround them. Shiva and Raju fight the men, and Philips also arrives and helps Shiva and the others to escape. Due to sudden circumstances in which the trio run into Revathi's family, Raju escapes and arrives at a fair, but Shiva manages to find him. Nataraj arrives and tells Shiva to kill Raju in exchange for his father's life. However, Shiva's father tells Shiva to leave and get justice for Vishnu. He then shoots himself, killing him. Shiva escapes again with Raju and Revathi. At the railway station, the trio are attacked by Raju's brother Ravi, who was bribed by Dakshayani to kill him in exchange for taking Raju's place. A fight ensues where Raju kills Ravi. - Shiva, Revathi and Raju board the train to Bangalore. Nataraj and his men follow them. A fight ensues where Raju separates from the compartment in order to save Shiva. Nataraj kills Raju, thus leaving Shiva devastated. The next day at the court, it is revealed that Shiva actually recorded Raju's confession about Dakshayani's involvement in the bomb blast, and shows the evidence in the court. Raju also confessed that Dakshayani had murdered an IAS officer who was investigating her and used the bomb blast to cover up his death. Raju tells that he did all this for Dakshayani because he had a crush on her, as he told to Revathi earlier. Dakshayani, Nataraj and other officers involved are arrested. Varghese thanks Shiva and offers him a position in the CBI, but he declines and decides to continue being in the police force. After this, Shiva and Revathi plan for their marriage. - The film was released on 12 May 2023.[12] - The post-theatrical streaming rights of the film were bought by Amazon Prime Video. The film Premiered on Amazon Prime Video on the 9th June 2023 in Telugu and Tamil, along with dubbed versions in Malayalam and Kannada.[13][14] - The soundtrack rights of the film is owned by Junglee Music South. Ilaiyaraaja and Yuvan Shankar Raja jointly composed music for the film while the latter also did the film score. The first single titled ""Head Up High"" was released on 10 April 2023. The second single titled ""Timeless Love"" was released on 23 April 2023.The third single ""Ammo Nee Rukkumini"" in Telugu and ""Ammani Rukkumani"" in Tamil was released on 17 May 2023 after the film's release.The fourth single ""Anna Thammulante"" in Telugu and ""Ettu Thesa"" in Tamil was released on 24 May 2023 after the film's release. - Custody received mixed reviews from critics, with praise towards the cast performances (Chaitanya, Arvind Swamy, Krithi Shetty and R.Sarathkumar), cinematography, action sequences and plot, but criticism directed towards its length and predictability. - Neeshita Nyayapati of The Times of India gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Custody has the kind of story that’s predictable and some of the characters could’ve been fully realised to make this experience better than what it is"".[15] 123Telugu gave 2.75 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Custody manages to engage in bits and pieces but apart from those portions, there isn’t anything great to rave about. Naga Chaitanya and Arvind Swami try their level best, but it is the direction and story of Venkat Prabhu that has to be blamed.""[16] - Kirubhakar Purushothaman of The Indian Express rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Venkat Prabhu directorial Custody doesn’t decide what type of movie it wants to be till the very last scene of the film.""[17] Latha Srinivasan of India Today gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote ""The romance portions dragged the film down and stalled the story, and the songs were unnecessary too. Music directors Ilaiyaraaja and Yuvan Shankar Raj this Is are excellent musicians but, in this film, an excellent BGM would have elevated the film more"".[18] Sushmita Dey of Zoom rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Helmed and written by Venkat Prabhu, this predictable action thriller could have been an impactful film but failed due to a sloppy screenplay. Slick action moves, some predictable twists, and massy vibes are not enough to make this movie stand out."".[19] Balakrishna Ganeshan of The News Minute gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Naga Chaitanya’s film has its moments but falls short"".[20] - Manoj Kumar of OTTplay gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Venkat Prabhu has attempted to infuse the film with his own charisma. However, he goes a step too far by breaking the fourth wall multiple times, which undercuts the tension of the film. This technique may have worked in other films, but in a movie that relies on the dramatic tension of a chase to captivate the audience, it does not work as effectively.""[21] Times Now gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote ""The director Venkat wanted to make a two-and-a-half-hour movie where the climax was ten to fifteen minutes long. Besides stunning stills and witty humour, the film should've chosen some good music for emotional moments"".[22] - Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu wrote ""Custody is not without its pitfalls. It wobbles when it explores a cliched emotional backstory. The romance and some of the humour surrounding it could also have been written better. But the film has a lot going for it.""[23] Haricharan Pudipeddi of Hindustan Times wrote ""For a story that predominantly unfolds over a span of 48 hours and involves some solid chase sequences, the film wastes quite a lot of time initially in needless subplots. The film needed to be more relentless and crisper to have made the audience feel its intended impact.""[24] -",2023-08-26 18:41:03 -Long Point Region Conservation Authority - Wikipedia,"The Long Point Region Conservation Area is an agency of the province of Ontario, Canada, formed to preserve the volume of flow, and purity, of the watercourses that flow into Lake Erie, near Long Point.[1] - Rivers that flow through the region include Big Otter Creek, Big Creek, Lynn River and Nanticoke Creek.[1] - The region includes remnants of the Carolinian forest that once covered much of southern Ontario.[1][2] -",2023-08-26 18:41:07 -Nabis mediterraneus - Wikipedia," - Nabis mediterraneus is a species of damsel bug in the family Nabidae.[1] - - This Cimicomorpha article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:41:10 -United States presidential nominating convention - Wikipedia," - A United States presidential nominating convention is a political convention held every four years in the United States by most of the political parties who will be fielding nominees in the upcoming U.S. presidential election. The formal purpose of such a convention is to select the party's nominee for popular election as President, as well as to adopt a statement of party principles and goals known as the party platform and adopt the rules for the party's activities, including the presidential nominating process for the next election cycle. - Since 1972, the delegates have been mostly selected in presidential primaries state by state. This allows the nominees to be decided before the convention opens. In the 1976 GOP race, Ronald Reagan did well in the primaries but had clearly lost to incumbent Gerald Ford when the convention opened. Other delegates to these conventions include political party members who are seated automatically, and are called ""unpledged delegates"" because they can choose for themselves for which candidate they vote. - Generally, use of ""presidential campaign nominating convention"" refers to the two major parties' quadrennial events: the Democratic and Republican National Conventions. Some minor parties also select their nominees by convention, including the Green Party, the Socialist Party USA, the Libertarian Party, the Constitution Party, and the Reform Party USA. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic forced both the major and third parties to cancel their usual conventions that year and instead schedule virtual affairs with minimal participation, as large energetic crowds risked spreading the virus. - The convention cycle begins with the Call to Convention. Usually issued about 18 months in advance, the Call is an invitation from the national party to the state and territory parties to convene to select a presidential nominee. It also sets out the number of delegates to be awarded to each, as well as the rules for the nomination process. The conventions are usually scheduled for four days of business, with the exception of the 1972 Republican and 2012 Democratic conventions, which were three days each. (The 2008 and 2012 Republican conventions were also three days each, but in each case was shortened from the scheduled four days due to weather issues.) - There is no statute dictating the order of the conventions, but since 1956 the party to which the incumbent president belongs has held its convention second. Between 1864 and 1952, the Democrats went second every year (except for 1888). In 1956, when Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was the incumbent, the Democrats went first, and the party out of power has gone first ever since. (Between 1936 and 1952, during administrations led by Democratic presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, the Democrats had their convention after the Republicans, but it is unclear whether they went second because they held the White House or because they had almost always gone second.) Since 1952, all major party conventions have been held in the months of July, August or (for the first time in 2004), early September. (Election laws in some states would likely prevent conventions from moving into mid-September.) Between the middle of the 20th century and 2004, the two major party conventions were primarily scheduled about one month apart, often with the Summer Olympics in between so they did not have to compete for viewers. In 1996, both were held in August to accommodate the Atlanta Olympics in July, the last Summer Olympics to date to be played in the U.S. In 2000, both conventions preceded the Sydney Olympics in late September. - In 2008 and 2012, the Democratic and Republican conventions were moved to back-to-back weeks following the conclusion of the Beijing and London Olympics, respectively. One reason for these late conventions had to do with campaign finance laws, which allow the candidates to spend an unlimited amount of money before the convention, but forbid fundraising after the convention, for the parties to receive federal campaign funds.[1] However, if Barack Obama's choice not to receive federal campaign funds for the 2008 general election is repeated in future elections, this reason for the late scheduling of conventions will no longer be valid. Another reason for the lateness of the conventions is due to the primary calendar, which ends in early June, and the political party's desire to turn the convention into a four-day tightly scripted political rally for their nominee, which coincidentally happens to have a roll call vote for president. This includes such logistics as where each delegation sits on the convention floor, the order of speeches, how the nominee wants to present him or herself, and allows time for any negotiations in regards to the running mate. Finally, the parties also did not want to schedule their conventions around the Olympics. One reason why the Democratic Party held its 2008 convention after the two-week-long Beijing Olympics was, according to them, to ""maximize momentum for our Democratic ticket in the final months of the Presidential election"".[2] But moving the conventions later into early September led to conflicts with the National Football League's season kickoff game, which opens the season on the first Thursday of September. However, the NFL accommodated the conventions and moved its games to an earlier start time in 2008,[3] and an earlier date in 2012. - In 2016, both the Republican and Democratic conventions moved to July, before the Rio de Janeiro Olympics in August. One reason why the Republican Party wanted a July convention was to help avoid a drawn-out primary battle similar to what happened in 2012 that left the party fractured heading into the general election. The Democrats then followed suit so they could provide a quicker response to the Republicans, rather than wait for more than two weeks until after the Olympics were over.[4] - The 2020 Democratic National Convention was originally scheduled to take place July 13–16,[5] but was postponed to August 17–20, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2020 Republican National Convention took place from August 24–27.[6] The Tokyo Olympics, originally scheduled to open on July 24, 2020, were also postponed, because of the pandemic, to July 2021. This was the first time that nominating conventions did not coincide with the Olympics since 1944, when the games were cancelled due to World War II. - Each party sets its own rules for the participation and format of the convention. Broadly speaking, each U.S. state and territory party is apportioned a select number of voting representatives, individually known as delegates and collectively as the delegation. Each party uses its own formula for determining the size of each delegation, factoring in such considerations as population, proportion of that state's Congressional representatives or state government officials who are members of the party, and the state's voting patterns in previous presidential elections. The selection of individual delegates and their alternates, too, is governed by the bylaws of each state party, or in some cases by state law. - The 2004 Democratic National Convention counted 4,353 delegates and 611 alternates. The 2004 Republican National Convention had 2,509 delegates and 2,344 alternates. However, other attendees who do not participate in the formal business of the convention dwarf these individuals numerically. These include non-delegate party officials and activists, invited guests and companions, and international observers, not to mention numerous members of the news media, volunteers, protesters, and local business proprietors and promoters hoping to capitalize on the quadrennial event. - The convention is typically held in a major city selected by the national party organization 18–24 months before the election is to be held, although the Republican National Committee voted in 2022 to allow the party to select its presidential convention sites six years in advance.[7] As the two major conventions have grown into large, publicized affairs with significant economic impact, cities today compete vigorously to be awarded host responsibilities, citing their meeting venues, lodging facilities, and entertainment as well as offering economic incentives. - The location of early conventions was dictated by the difficulty of transporting delegates from far-flung parts of the country; early Democratic and Whig Conventions were frequently held in the central Eastern Seaboard port of Baltimore, Maryland. As the U.S. expanded westward and railroads connected cities, Midwestern locations such as Chicago, Illinois—which since 1860 has held 25 Republican and Democratic Conventions combined, more than any other city—became the favored hosts. In present times, political symbolism affects the selection of the host city as much as economic or logistical considerations do. A particular city might be selected to enhance the standing of a favorite son, or in an effort to curry favor with residents of that state. For example, in 2011, Obama campaign manager Jim Messina noted: ""We put the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina in part because we believe so deeply in"" a ""New South map.""[8] Likewise, New York City was selected as the host of the 2004 Republican National Convention to evoke memories of George W. Bush's leadership during the September 11 attacks. Milwaukee, in the politically competitive state of Wisconsin, was chosen as the site of both the 2020 Democratic National Convention (although due to COVID-19 it was essentially not held there), and has been selected to be the host of the subsequent 2024 Republican National Convention. - Having been the site of 25 major party conventions, Chicago, Illinois has been the most frequent host city of major party conventions, hosting more than a quarter of all of them. Chicago has been both the most frequent host of Democratic conventions (hosting 11) and Republican conventions (hosting 14). Chicago was last the site of a major party convention in 1996, when it was the host of that year's Democratic convention. Nine of the conventions held in Chicago took place in the 19th century, and sixteen of them took place in the 20th century. Chicago's frequency as a host significantly dropped-off after the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which saw infamous protest activity and police response, with Chicago only hosting a single convention since.[9] - In the 19th century, the most frequent host city of major party conventions was Baltimore, Maryland (the site of the first presidential nominating convention[10]). Between 1832 and 1872, Baltimore saw twelve major party conventions. However, the city has only since played host city to a single other major party convention (the 1912 DNC).[9] At the time that it was a frequent host of major party conventions, the city was seen as an appealing location for these events due to its accessibility by various means of transit (railroads, steamships, and turnpikes), the presence of several meeting spaces in the city considered spacious by the era's standards, quality hotels in the city, and quality dining in the city.[11] Baltimore is currently considered to lack an appropriate venue by the standards and requirements of modern conventions in terms of seating capacity, space and logistics.[12][10] When the city made a longshot bid for the 2004 Democratic National Convention, the city proposed hosting the convention underneath a temporary canopy that would be erected at Oriole Park at Camden Yards (which would have likely necessitated its baseball team tenant to vacate the venue for a roughly two-month period of their season).[12] Potential lack of sufficient hotels has also been cited as an obstacle to Baltimore playing host to another major party convention any time soon.[10] - The conventions historically have been held inside convention centers, but in recent decades the two major parties have favored sports arenas and stadiums to accommodate the increasing capacity, the former because indoor arenas are usually off-season outside of WNBA sites, allowing plenty of time for preparation (the major political parties have avoided baseball stadiums ever since the 1992 Republican National Convention at the Houston Astrodome forced the Houston Astros to play 26 consecutive road games). Bids for the 2008 Republican National Convention, for example, were required to have a facility with a seating capacity of at least 20,500 people, including a convention floor of about 5,500 delegates and alternates;[13] the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota was eventually selected. Meanwhile, approximately 84,000 people attended the last day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention at Denver's Invesco Field at Mile High.[14] The last day of the 2012 Democratic Convention originally also was scheduled for an outdoor football stadium, but was moved indoors due to weather concerns. Excepting the pandemic-affected 2020 conventions, the last non-sporting venue to host the Democratic National Convention was San Francisco's Moscone Center in 1984. In 1996, the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego became the last non-sporting venue to host the Republican National Convention. - Of the 95 major-party conventions held through the 2020 election cycle, 27 different metro areas have hosted conventions. On two occasions, parties had more than one official ""host city"" for their conventions, these being the 1860 Democratic National Conventions, and the 2020 Republican National Convention. - More than half of all major party conventions have been held in just three cities: Chicago, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. - On six occasions, both the Democratic and Republican parties held their conventions in the same city. However, this has not occurred since 1972.[15] Chicago played double-duty as a host city four times, in 1884, 1932, 1944, and 1952. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was host of both major-party conventions in 1948, and Miami Beach, Florida was host to both in 1972. - Two metro areas have seen more than one of their municipalities be the site of major party conventions. Minneapolis–Saint Paul is home to Minneapolis (site of the 1892 RNC) and St. Paul (site of the 2008 RNC). The San Francisco Bay Area is home to Daly City (site of the 1956 RNC and 1964 RNC) and San Francisco (site of the 1920 DNC and 1984 DNC). - **Years with multiple convention host cities - As of the 2020 election cycle, nineteen states and the District of Columbia have hosted major party presidential nominating conventions. Thirty-one states have never hosted one (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming). - On the two aforementioned occasions in which more than one city was the host of a major party's convention(s) (the 1860 Democratic conventions and 2020 Republican convention), the different cities were also located in different states/districts. - Of the 95 major party conventions held up through the 2020 election cycle, more than a quarter have taken place in Illinois. Combined, the states of Illinois, Maryland, and Pennsylvania have been the sites of more than half of all major party conventions. Combined, the seven states that have each held six or more major party conventions (California, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania) have been the locations of more than three-quarters of all major party conventions. - Six states have seen more than one of their metro-areas host a convention: California (Los Angeles, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay area), Florida (Miami Beach and Tampa), Missouri (Kansas City and St. Louis), Ohio (Cincinnati and Cleveland), Pennsylvania (Harrisburg and Philadelphia), Texas (Dallas and Houston). - Up through the 2020 election cycle, states located in the midwestern United States (Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin) have been the locations of a combined 43 major party conventions. States and districts located in the northeastern United States (the District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania) have hosted a combined 33 major party conventions. States located in the southern United States (Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas) have hosted a combined 12 major party conventions. States located in the western United States (California and Colorado) have hosted a combined nine major party conventions. The region that has gone the longest since hosting a major party convention is the western United States, which has not been the site of a major party convention since the 2008 DNC was held in Denver, Colorado. - **Years with multiple convention host states - Every year of a presidential election, the United States' political parties have national conventions that result in presidential candidates. However, selected delegates from each state choose candidates rather than members of the public. - Including delegates in the nomination process began after the Presidential election year of 1968, when there was widespread dissatisfaction with the presidential nominating process.[16] Minor-party movements also threatened the chances of Democratic and Republican candidates to win majorities of the electoral votes, which resulted in the reformation of the presidential election process.[17] - Each party and state has its own process to selecting delegates. - Generally speaking, delegates of both major parties usually pledge their votes to a specific candidate, and those who are associated with the Democratic Party and are unpledged are considered super delegates. These super delegates may include governors who identify with the party, members of the U.S. Congress, as well as members of the Democratic National Committee.[18] Super Delegates aren't pledged to a particular candidate, and can vote for who they please.[18] Any registered Democrat may run to be a delegate, and wins are based on congressional votes.[18] Once Democrats choose their delegates, they distribute delegates to each candidate evenly, according to the number of congressional district votes they get (must be at least 15%).[18] - Rule 14 of the Republican Party's national rules determines the size of delegates for each state, territory, or political subdivision. Delegate selection for the Republican Party must take between March 1 and the second Saturday in June in the year that the convention is held (except for Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada, which are exempt from the rule and may hold earlier selection processes).[19] The Republican Party uses a ""Proportional Allocation"" rule, which states that delegates should be based on the statewide votes or the number of congressional district votes in proportion to the number of votes received by each candidate.[19] Also, each state must advocate to have an equal number of men and women in its delegation.[19] - Delegates and alternate delegates for the Republican National Convention may be selected or bound by only one of the following:[19] - A powerful state politician, typically the governor or senator, can set up as a ""favorite son"".[20] The state delegates are pledged to vote for him at least for the first round. Today the role is honorific, but before 1972 control of a delegation gave bargaining power regarding the platform or the nomination.[21] The technique was widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries.[22] Since nationwide campaigns by candidates and binding primary elections have replaced brokered conventions, the technique has fallen out of use,[23][24] as party rule changes in the early 1970s required candidates to have nominations from more than one state.[25] - In 1860, Senator Robert M. T. Hunter was Virginia's favorite at the Democratic Party convention. He offered a proslavery voice of moderation amidst the strident rhetoric of secession.[26] In 1952, California Governor Earl Warren was the favorite son at the Republican convention, but he was challenged by Senator Richard Nixon. Nixon leveraged his way into becoming Eisenhower's choice for the vice presidential nomination.[27] - The term ""dark horse candidate"" was used at the 1844 Democratic National Convention, at which little-known Tennessee politician James K. Polk emerged as the candidate after the failure of the leading candidates to secure the necessary two-thirds majority.[28][29] -Other successful dark horse candidates include: - Delegates to the convention are expected to support whichever candidate wins the nomination. A delegate who refuses to do that walks out or bolts, sometimes in public fashion, can be referred to as a bolter.[31][32] A group of bolters may form an alternate convention that can be called a bolting convention; the remnants of the party or convention they leave behind can be called a rump convention. - At the intensely fought 1896 Republican convention, the decisive battle was on support for gold or silver. When gold forces won by tally of 812 to 110, 25 of the 110 bolted while the others supported the party nominee, William McKinley. The next day the bolters formed a new political party, dubbed the Silver Republican Party. It had a strong base of support in the silver-mining Mountain states. The Democratic nominee, William Jennings Bryan, appealed to the bolters by accepting the Silver Republican nomination; he also accepted the People's party nomination, so he ran on three tickets.[33] - Conservative Democrats from the South bolted from the 1948 Democratic Convention to form the States' Rights Party under the banner of Strom Thurmond when Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Humphrey successfully added a civil rights plank to the Democratic platform. - The most notorious instance of bolting was in 1912 when, having lost a credentials fight, the supporters of former President Theodore Roosevelt formed the so-called Bull Moose party, splitting the GOP down the middle, holding a bolting convention to nominate Roosevelt who came in second in the election, something that would never happen again.[34] - During the day, party activists hold meetings and rallies, and work on the platform. Voting and important convention-wide addresses usually take place in the evening hours. - In recent conventions, routine business such as examining the credentials of delegations, ratifying rules and procedures, election of convention officers, and adoption of the platform usually take up the business of the first two days of the convention. Balloting was usually held on the third day, with the nomination and acceptance made on the last day, but even some of these traditions have fallen away in 21st-century conventions. The only constant is that the convention ends with the nominee's acceptance speech. - Each convention produces a statement of principles known as its platform, containing goals and proposals known as planks. Relatively little of a party platform is even proposed as public policy. Much of the language is generic, while other sections are narrowly written to appeal to factions or interest groups within the party. Unlike electoral manifestos in many European countries, the platform is not binding on either the party or the candidate. - Because it is ideological rather than pragmatic, however, the platform is sometimes itself politicized. For example, defenders of abortion rights lobbied heavily to remove the Human Life Amendment plank from the 1996 Republican National Convention platform, a move fiercely resisted by conservatives despite the fact that no such amendment had ever come up for debate. - Since the 1970s, voting has for the most part been perfunctory; the selection of the major parties' nominees have rarely been in doubt, so a single ballot has always been sufficient. Each delegation announces its vote tallies, usually accompanied with some boosterism of their state or territory. The delegation may pass, nominally to retally their delegates' preferences, but often to allow a different delegation to give the leading candidate the honor of casting the majority-making vote. - Before the presidential nomination season actually begins, there is often speculation about whether a single front runner would emerge. If there is no single candidate receiving a majority of delegates at the end of the primary season, a scenario called a brokered convention would result, where a candidate would be selected either at or near the convention, through political horse-trading and lesser candidates compelling their delegates to vote for one of the front runners. The best example was the 1924 Democratic Convention, which took 103 ballots. The situation is more likely to occur in the Democratic Party, because of its proportional representation system,[35] but such a scenario has been the subject of speculation with regard to most contested nominations of both parties without actually coming to pass in recent years.[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] It is a common scenario in fiction, most recently in an episode of The West Wing. The closest to a brokered convention in recent years was at the 1976 Republican National Convention, when neither Gerald Ford nor Ronald Reagan received enough votes in the primary to lock up the nomination.[44] Since then, candidates have received enough momentum to reach a majority through pledged and bound delegates before the date of the convention. - More recently, a customary practice has been for the losing candidates in the primary season to release their delegates and exhort them to vote for the winning nominee as a sign of party unity. Thus, the vote tallied on the floor is unanimous or nearly so. Some delegates may nevertheless choose to vote for their candidate. And in 2008 both happened: Hillary Clinton received over 1,000 votes before she herself moved to nominate Barack Obama by acclamation, officially making it a unanimous vote. - The voting method at the conventions is a ""roll call of the states"", which include territories such as Washington D.C., American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and a catch-all ""delegates abroad"" category. The states are called in alphabetical order (beginning with Alabama and ending with Wyoming). The state's spokesperson (who generally begins with glowing comments about the state's history, geography, and notable party elected officials) can either choose to announce its delegate count or pass. Once all states have either declared or passed, those states which passed are called upon again to announce their delegate count. (Generally, a decision is made beforehand that some states will pass in the first round, to allow a particular state—generally either the presidential or vice-presidential nominee's home state—to be the one whose delegate count pushes the candidate ""over the top"", thus securing the nomination.) - Vice-presidential voting has been problematic since the beginning: at the 1972 Democratic National Convention, the vote was scattered between 50 candidates and at the 1976 Republican National Convention, the vote was also scattered widely. In 1988, both parties decided to have their designated candidates nominated by suspending the rules and declaring them nominated by acclamation; the most recent vice-presidential roll call vote was at the 1984 Republican National Convention. - If, after the first round of voting, there is no candidate with a majority of votes, subsequent roll calls are held. In between, candidates can make backroom deals, swapping delegates in exchange for positions in the administration or other favors, or candidates can release their delegates to vote for whoever they personally prefer. Roll calls continue until one candidate has a majority: the 1924 Democratic National Convention holds the record as the longest ever, as divisions within the party concerning Prohibition led to 102 ballots between Alfred E. Smith and William G. McAdoo, before the relatively unknown John W. Davis was chosen as a compromise candidate on the 103rd ballot. - Minor figures in the party are given the opportunity to address the floor of the convention during the daytime, when only the small audiences of C-SPAN and other cable television outlets are watching. The evening's speeches—designed for broadcast to a large national audience—are reserved for major speeches by notable, respected public figures; the speakers at the 2004 Democratic Convention included Ted Kennedy, a forty-two-year veteran of the United States Senate, and Jimmy Carter, a former Democratic President, while speakers at the Republican Convention included Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger of California and Governor George Pataki of New York, two of the largest states in the nation. - The organizers of the convention may designate one of these speeches as the keynote address, one which above all others is stated to underscore the convention's themes or political goals. For instance, the 1992 Democratic National Convention keynote address was delivered by Georgia Governor Zell Miller, whose stories of an impoverished childhood echoed the economic themes of the nominee, Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton. The 1996 Republican National Convention was keynoted by U.S. Representative Susan Molinari of New York, intended to reassure political moderates about the centrism of the nominee, former Senator Bob Dole. And the 2004 Democratic National Convention featured Senator Barack Obama, whose speech brought the future President national recognition for the first time. - Uniquely, Miller, by then a Senator, would also be the keynote speaker at the 2004 Republican Convention, despite still maintaining his Democratic registration. - The final day of the convention usually features the formal acceptance speeches from the nominees for president and vice president. Despite recent controversy maintaining that recent conventions were scripted from beginning to end, and that very little news (if any) comes out of the convention, the acceptance speech has always been televised by the networks, because it receives the highest ratings of the convention. In addition, the halls of the convention are packed at this time, with many party loyalists sneaking in. Afterwards, balloons are usually dropped and the delegates celebrate the nomination. - The Federalist Party invented the first national conventions in 1808 and 1812 when they held secret national meetings to pick their candidates. The Democratic-Republican Party never used conventions. Instead its members of Congress met in party caucuses to select the nominee. Regional conflicts erupted in the hotly contested 1824 election, in which factions of the Democratic-Republican Party outright rejected taking part in the caucus because of its little, heavily dwindling participation and in their view undemocratic character, rejected the eventual caucus nominee, William H. Crawford of Georgia, and backed three regional candidates, nominated by state legislatures, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, Henry Clay of Kentucky, and Andrew Jackson of Tennessee (all of whom carried more states than Crawford in the election) instead.[45] - In 1831 the Anti-Masonic Party convened in Baltimore, Maryland to select a single presidential candidate agreeable to the whole party leadership in the 1832 presidential election. The National Republican and Democratic parties soon followed suit.[46] - In Chicago, Abraham Lincoln was nominated by the Republicans.[47] The Democratic Party convention nominated Stephen A. Douglas: however, after Southern delegates walked out of or boycotted the convention, they held their own convention and nominated John C. Breckinridge.[48] - Chicago with its central location was the favorite convention city. In addition St. Louis, Missouri, hosted Democratic national nominating conventions in 1876, 1888, 1904, and 1916, as well as the national Republican convention of 1896 and a national Populist convention in the same year. The city had easy railroad access, numerous elegant hotels and expansive meeting facilities. Democrats wanted to meet close to their base in the ""Solid South.""[49] - The Democrats held a very short 1872 Democratic National Convention which endorsed the nominee of the 1872 Liberal Republican convention. The Liberal Republicans were bitterly opposed to incumbent Republican Ulysses S. Grant, and bolted to form their own party. They nominated Horace Greeley, who lost to Grant in a landslide, and the new party soon collapsed.[50] - In the run-up to the 1884 GOP convention, reformers called ""Mugwumps"" organized their forces in the swing states, especially New York and Massachusetts. They failed to block James G. Blaine, and many bolted to the Democrats, who had nominated reformer Grover Cleveland. Young Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, leading reformers, refused to bolt—an action that preserved their leadership role in the GOP.[51] - Conventions were often heated affairs, playing a vital role in deciding each party's nominee. The process remained far from democratic or transparent, however. The party convention was a scene of intrigue among political bosses, who appointed and otherwise controlled nearly all of the delegates. - Entering the convention, the forces of President Taft and ex-president Roosevelt seemed evenly matched.[52] Taft had better planning, better organizers, and more top convention officials.[53] The camps engaged in a fight for the delegations, with Taft emerging victorious, and Roosevelt claiming that several delegations were fraudulently seated because of the machinations of conservative party leaders including William Barnes Jr. and Boies Penrose.[54] Following the seating of the anti-Roosevelt delegations, California Governor Hiram Johnson proclaimed that progressives would form a new party to nominate Roosevelt.[54] Though many of Roosevelt's delegates remained at the convention, most refused to take part in the presidential ballot in protest of the contested delegates.[55] Roosevelt ultimately ran a third party campaign as part of the Progressive Party (nicknamed the ""Bull Moose Party""). Taft and Roosevelt both lost the 1912 election to the Democratic nominee, Woodrow Wilson. - The party was deeply factionalized along regional and cultural lines, with two powerful factions, led by William McAdoo leaving the rural/Protestant/Southern faction, and New York Governor Al Smith representing the urban/Catholic/machine element.[56] The second Ku Klux Klan was flourishing nationwide, although no nationally prominent Democrat acknowledged membership, and the factions battled over a resolution to condemn the KKK. No compromises seemed possible as the convention dragged on for 17 days, with the balloting for presidential candidate being deadlocked for 103 ballots until dark horse John W. Davis, a neutral figure, was nominated. - Naming the younger brother of William Jennings Bryan as running mate was a sop to the rural faction.[57][58] Oklahoma was a representative border state, with the delegation deeply divided on the KKK issue.[59] - The Vietnam War energized a large number of supporters of anti-war Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota, but they had no say in the matter. Vice President Hubert Humphrey—associated with the increasingly unpopular administration of Lyndon B. Johnson—did not compete in a single primary, yet controlled enough delegates to secure the Democratic nomination. This proved one of several factors behind rioting which broke out at the Democratic convention in Chicago.[60][61] - A few, mostly western, states adopted primary elections in the late 19th century and during the Progressive Era, but the catalyst for their widespread adoption came during the election of 1968. Media images of the event—angry mobs facing down police—damaged the image of the Democratic Party, which appointed a commission headed by South Dakota Senator George McGovern to select a new, less controversial method of choosing nominees. The McGovern–Fraser Commission settled on the primary election, adopted by the Democratic National Committee in 1968. The Republicans adopted the primary as their preferred method in 1972.[62] Henceforth, candidates would be given convention delegates based on their performance in primaries, and these delegates were bound to vote for their candidate. As a result, the major party presidential nominating convention has lost almost all of its old drama. The last attempt to release delegates from their candidates came at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, when Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts sought votes of delegates held by incumbent President Jimmy Carter. The last major party convention whose outcome was in doubt was the 1976 Republican National Convention, when former California Governor Ronald Reagan nearly won the nomination away from the incumbent president, Gerald Ford.[63] - While rank and file members had no input in early nominations, they were still drawn by the aura of mystery surrounding the convention, and networks began to broadcast speeches and debates to the general public. NBC affiliate W2XBS in New York City made the first telecast of a national party convention, of the 1940 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, and the other two of the Big Three television networks soon followed. NBC News anchorman John Chancellor said just before the start of the 1972 Democratic National Convention, ""Convention coverage is the most important thing we do. The conventions are not just political theater, but really serious stuff, and that's why all the networks have an obligation to give gavel-to-gavel coverage. It's a time when we all ought to be doing our duty.""[64] - The presence of journalists at presidential nominating conventions have increased with the television networks. In 1976, the Democratic Convention consisted of 3,381 delegates and 11,500 reporters, broadcasters, editors and camera operators.[65] This is on par with the increase in the number of televisions in American homes. In 1960, 87 percent of people had a television; by 1976, 98 percent did.[66] By the 1992 conventions, network coverage increased from three networks (NBC, ABC and CBS) to five networks (NBC, ABC, CBS, Fox and PBS).[67] At the 1996 Republican National Convention there were approximately seven journalists per one delegate, or about 15,000 journalists.[65] - The increase of the media at these conventions originally led to a growth in the public's interest in elections. Voter turnout in the primaries increased from fewer than five million voters in 1948 to around thirteen million in 1952.[68] By broadcasting the conventions on the television, people were more connected to the suspense and the decisions being made, therefore making them more politically aware, and more educated voters. When scholars studied the 1976 conventions they determined that by watching nomination conventions, even viewers that were not previously very politically active developed a much stronger interest in the election process and the candidate.[69] - With the rise of the direct primary, and in particular with states moving earlier and earlier in the primary calendar since the 1988 election, the nominee has often secured a commanding majority of delegates far in advance of the convention. As such, any actual business conducted at the major parties' conventions (such as the roll call of delegates) have largely become a formality, and the main focus is on promoting the nominee and party platform to a wider audience. For instance, speeches by noted and popular party figures are scheduled for the coveted primetime hours, when most people would be watching.[71][70][72] - During the 1996 Republican National Convention (where the RNC had purchased time-brokered blocks of party-produced coverage on the cable network The Family Channel in response to decreasing network coverage),[70][72] ABC News Nightline host Ted Koppel abruptly ended his coverage of the 1996 conventions, arguing that the events had effectively become an ""infomercial"" for the party's nominee rather than a bona fide news event.[70] In 2020, political historian Michael Barone argued in an op-ed that the advents of direct distance dialing and television had made the original purposes of the conventions—being ""the only place and time where party politicians could communicate frankly and bargain personally"", and ""discover which candidates had genuine support and which just gave lip service""–increasingly redundant, and that the events had become largely ""choreographed"" celebrations of the party nominee.[73] - The changing nature of the conventions, as well as overall changes in television viewing habits, have changed how broadcasters cover the conventions. Coverage of the conventions is now typically relegated to news channels, C-SPAN, and streaming outlets; by 2012, the major networks usually only provided an hour of coverage per-night, focusing on the headlining speakers.[74][75] PBS continues to provide full primetime coverage of the conventions, although it breaks away from minor speakers and mundane business for analysis and discussion.[76] - The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 forced both major and third parties to modify the format of their conventions to comply with social distancing and restrictions on public gatherings. The Democratic convention was conducted as a virtual event with all speakers appearing from remote locations, and no in-person gatherings of delegates. To fulfill the host city contract with Milwaukee, the event's production was conducted from the Wisconsin Center.[77][78][79] The acceptance speeches of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris were held at the Chase Center on the Riverfront in Biden's hometown of Wilmington, Delaware.[80] - Donald Trump repeatedly pushed for the Republican convention to be held in-person as normal. The event was originally scheduled for Spectrum Center in Charlotte; after North Carolina's Democratic governor Roy Cooper refused to allow it to be held at full scale or without mandatory masking or social distancing, the RNC announced plans to move most of the in-person events to Jacksonville, Florida,[81] but still conduct the official business from Charlotte. However, after Jacksonville enacted similar restrictions, and amid nationwide increases in cases, Trump announced in July 2020 that the events in Jacksonville had been called off.[82][83][84][85][86] - As with the Democratic convention, the Republican convention was conducted in a downsized form. To fulfill the host city contract with Charlotte, a program of official business was conducted in-person on August 24 with a smaller contingent of 336 delegates,[87] including the roll call.[88][89] The remainder of the event consisted of primetime programs of pre-recorded speeches, filmed mainly at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, D.C.[90][91] The speeches by Vice President Pence (from Fort McHenry in Baltimore), and by First Lady Melania Trump and President Trump (from the White House Rose Garden), were conducted live and in-person with audiences of supporters; CDC-recommended mitigations were largely ignored.[92][93] - The 2024 Republican National Convention will be held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The 2024 Democratic National Convention will be held in Chicago, Illinois. -",2023-08-26 18:41:14 -"Cascade Township, Michigan - Wikipedia","Cascade Charter Township is a charter township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 17,134 at the 2010 census.[4] - The township is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located just east of the city of Grand Rapids. The township is the location of Gerald R. Ford International Airport. - The township was originally a part of Ada Township and was separately organized in 1848.[6] - The Whitney Tavern Stand is located within the township. It was built in 1853 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. - According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.86 square miles (90.29 km2), of which 33.88 square miles (87.75 km2) is land and 0.98 square miles (2.54 km2) (2.81%) is water.[4] - The township is situated in the southeastern section of Kent County, approximately 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Grand Rapids. A defining feature of the township is the Thornapple River, which divides the township into east and west halves. The township is bordered to the west by the city of Kentwood, to the north by Ada Township, to the east by Lowell Charter Township, and to the south by Caledonia Charter Township. - The township is served by three public school districts. Caledonia Community Schools serves the southern portion of the township. Most of the township is served by Forest Hills Public Schools, and Lowell Area Schools serves a small eastern portion of the township.[7] - West Michigan Aviation Academy is a charter high school located within the township.[8] - As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 15,107 people, 5,394 households, and 4,374 families residing in the township. The population density was 445.7 inhabitants per square mile (172.1/km2). There were 5,638 housing units at an average density of 166.3 per square mile (64.2/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 94.55% White, 1.00% African American, 0.28% Native American, 3.06% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population. - There were 5,394 households, out of which 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.1% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.16. - In the township the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males. - The median income for a household in the township was $87,290, and the median income for a family was $98,013. Males had a median income of $71,960 versus $37,234 for females. The per capita income for the township was $39,470. About 1.5% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over. -",2023-08-26 18:41:18 -Zellers - Wikipedia," - Zellers was a Canadian discount store chain founded by Walter P. Zeller in 1931. It was acquired by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1978, and after a series of acquisitions and expansions, peaked with 350 locations in 1999.[2] However, fierce competition and an inability to adapt during the retail apocalypse resulted in Zellers losing significant ground in the 2000s. - In January 2011, HBC announced that it would sell the lease agreements for up to 220 Zellers stores to the US chain Target for $1.825 billion. In turn, Target announced its intention to convert many of them to Canadian locations of Target, and re-sell the remainder to other parties such as Walmart Canada, resulting in their liquidation and eventual closure. While HBC retained 64 Zellers locations, it announced on July 26, 2012, that all of them would be liquidated and closed by March 31, 2013, due to their lack of profitability. Ultimately, all remaining stores were closed in 2013. - After the chain ceased, HBC converted three Zellers-branded locations into liquidation outlets for The Bay (since renamed Hudson's Bay), with the last of those stores closing on January 26, 2020,[4] essentially retiring the brand name. As of 2023 however, the Zellers brand name has been formally reintroduced as a store-within-a-store inside over two dozen Hudson's Bay department stores, complemented by online shopping. - On Saturday, August 4, 1928, Zellers Ltd was first established in London, Ontario. Walter P. Zeller, its founder, opened his new store and head office at 176 Dundas Street in London after working for years for Metropolitan Stores, F. W. Woolworth Company and Kresge's. The plan at the start was to have stores opened in London, St. Catharines, Niagara Falls, Fort William and Saint John, New Brunswick as part of an effort to establish a Canada-wide chain of department stores. The London store had a street frontage of 53 feet (16 m) and a depth of 137 feet (42 m). It had a total of 7,000 square feet (650 m2) of space on the ground floor with 2,000 square feet (190 m2) of counter space spread out around the store. Sixty women were hired for the opening day working in 21 different departments. Within months, Zellers was doing such good business that they were bought out by the American firm Schulte-United Ltd but within two years, the rebranded stores went bankrupt.[5][6] - Zeller promptly bought fourteen Canadian locations of the failed Schulte-United chain, all located in Southern Ontario, and relaunched Zellers in late 1931 as a store for thrifty Canadians.[5][7][8][9] One of the locations was the original Zellers at 176 Dundas Street in London, which would remain operating until the late 1980s.[5][10][11] Almost immediately, Zellers initiated an aggressive expansion strategy. Within 25 years, Zellers operated 60 stores and employed 3,000 people.[9] In 1952, in a move to expand into Atlantic Canada, it acquired the Federal Stores chain of variety stores, adding more than 12 new Zellers locations.[9] - During this period of expansion, Zellers concluded a deal with W.T. Grant, a similar chain of American mass merchandise department stores.[9] This arrangement allowed W.T. Grant to purchase 10 percent of Zellers shares and eventually a 51 percent ownership in 1959.[9] In exchange, the Grant Company made available to Zellers its experience in merchandising, real estate, store development, and general administration. Zellers employees were sent to Grant stores and head office for training and the two companies made common buying trips to east Asia.[9] In the 1950s, the chain again began opening new locations and in 1956, opened its first self-serve location at the Norgate Shopping Centre in Saint-Laurent, Quebec.[9] Stores opened in 1960 employed many new innovations, including the first in-store restaurant, the first automotive centre and the first suburban location.[9] - In 1975, Zellers changed its logo to the one it would keep for its remaining 45 years.[12] By 1976, Zellers had grown to a chain of 155 stores, with annual sales of $407 million.[9] - Although Zellers was prospering, W.T. Grant was facing intense competition in the United States and was forced to withdraw entirely from its Canadian operations. In 1976, Fields, a clothing retailer based in Vancouver, British Columbia, offered to purchase a 50.1 percent stake in Zellers for $32,675,000. Zellers' shareholders, unhappy with the idea of Zellers becoming a subsidiary of Fields, reversed the takeover and purchased Fields and its hardware store division, Marshall Wells. This sale added 70 Fields stores and 162 franchised Marshall Wells stores to the company. Fields president and founder, Joseph Segal was appointed as president of Zellers.[13] - In June 1978, Zellers presented a bid to acquire 100 percent ownership of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). HBC management, recognizing Zellers profitability and the potential to enter a new retail segment, decided to purchase Zellers instead. Zellers and Fields, operating in very different retail segments from HBC, were kept intact and established as separate divisions of the company. HBC acquired full ownership of Zellers and Fields in 1981 and Marshall Wells in 1982. By 1985, HBC had sold Marshall Wells for $20 million because it was not relevant to its department store business. - Counterfeit video games for the Atari 2600 console were manufactured in Taiwan and sold by Zellers in the 1980s, usually under new names and artwork and occasionally with modified graphics. All games were pirated copies of titles created either by Atari itself or by third-party developers, such as Activision. Zellers was eventually forced by Atari to stop selling these games.[14][15] Zellers released 18 games for the Atari 2600 in the early 1980s.[16] - In 1990, Hudson's Bay Company acquired the 51 stores of the Towers/Bonimart chain from the Oshawa Group,[17] and converted most of them to Zellers outlets, including its flagship location in Toronto.[18] Zellers advertisements at the time featured both the Towers mascot, Sparky, and the Zellers mascot, Zeddy, walking arm in arm. During this period, Zellers used the slogan ""Where the lowest price is the law.""[19] - In 1993, Hudson's Bay Company purchased the assets of the bankrupt Woodward's chain, including 21 store locations.[9] These were converted into Zellers and The Bay stores and greatly expanded the company's presence in Western Canada.[9] In 1998, Hudson's Bay Company acquired Kmart's Canadian division, and merged it with the Zellers division to create a larger combined chain under the Zellers name.[9] While some Kmart locations were closed, many sites became full Zellers outlets.[20] Kmart Canada president George Heller remained with HBC, eventually becoming HBC's president and CEO in the mid-2000s.[21] - In 1996, Hudson's Bay Company closed its Zellers head office in Montreal, Quebec and merged it with the Hudson's Bay Company headquarters in downtown Toronto. By 1998, Hudson's Bay Company reestablished its Zellers head office at the former Kmart Canada head office in Brampton, Ontario.[9] - In Hudson's Bay Company's last year as a publicly traded company, Zellers had 291 stores and lost $107 million on sales of $4.2 billion. On February 28, 2006, Hudson's Bay Company was taken private by South Carolina businessman Jerry Zucker. [22] - Following Zucker's death in 2008, Hudson's Bay Company and its subsidiaries including Zellers came under the ownership of a New York-based company, NRDC Equity Partners, which was headed by Richard Baker. NRDC also owned the Lord & Taylor upscale specialty retail department store chain in the United States.[23] - Subsequently, NRDC invested heavily in The Bay and managed a turnaround by repositioning it as an upscale, fashion forward retailer. However the Zellers chain was still struggling and was seen as a drag on the parent company and its American owner.[23][24][25] Mark Foote was appointed President and CEO of Zellers in 2008, having recently served as president and chief merchandising officer at Loblaw Companies and prior to that was president of Canadian Tire Corp.'s retail division.[26][27] Foote was credited with stabilizing the chain, though it still continued losing ground against Walmart Canada.[22][28] - On January 13, 2011, it was announced that US. retail chain Target Corporation would purchase the lease agreements of up to 220 Zellers stores for $1.825 billion.[29] Under the agreement, Zellers would sublease the properties and continue to operate them as Zellers locations until January 2012 at the earliest, and at the latest the end of March 2013.[30] At the time of this announcement, Zellers operated 273 stores, well below the 350 stores it had in 1999.[31][2][32][33] - Upon the announcement, it was reported that once the Zellers stores at these locations were closed, Target would renovate 100 to 150 of them to reopen the stores under the Target banner during 2013 and 2014. The remaining acquired sites would be transferred to other retailers.[34] HBC had said that it would continue to operate the remaining Zellers stores as a smaller chain in specific communities.[35] - Of the maximum 220 locations, 105 to be transferred to Target were identified in late May 2011,[36] and another lot of 84 locations in late September 2011, bringing the total number of Zellers stores acquired by Target to 189.[37] Of these 189 stores, 39 were resold to Walmart Canada.[38] - RioCan REIT was significantly affected, as many of its mall properties include Zellers locations.[23][39] In addition, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union planned to hold demonstrations as many Zellers staffers were to be laid off instead of being retained by Target or Walmart. This was in marked contrast to the takeover of Woolco by Walmart in 1994, where all Woolco employees of the acquired stores were retained.[40] - The President and CEO of Zellers, Mark Foote, had a mandate to liquidate the 273 Zellers stores in preparing it for Target's takeover by October 2011. Foote's strategy was to use a blueprint of a retail liquidation, but without the typical insolvency and desperation that plagued failing chains. Foote focused on raising profits, even if that meant losing market share and reducing store traffic, by ramping up inventory levels of higher margin goods over loss leaders such as apparel over deeply discounted paper towels and detergent, and slashing costs. Foote also replaced the expensive fall television ad campaign with a social media blitz on Facebook. Reportedly, the strategy was paying off as Zellers operating profit was ""well ahead of expectations and the retailer had performed very well in 2011.[28] - In March 2012, the first 50 Zellers stores were put in liquidation. This included all 39 Zellers stores slated to become Walmart outlets. By mid-June, the latter locations were closed to the public. On June 25, 2012, 17 more stores in Ontario were put in liquidation.[41] - The Hudson's Bay Company announced on July 26, 2012, that it would close most of the 64 remaining stores that were supposed to continue operating as Zellers outlets. A company spokesperson stated that these stores employ 6,400 people, or approximately 100 per location, range in size from 48,000 to 128,000 square feet and are mostly in small towns. The closings of these stores were to happen at the latest on March 31, 2013 which coincided with the deadline date the HBC had to vacate the sites acquired by Target. The HBC's main reason for closing the 64 remaining stores was due to Zellers lack of profitability.[32][42][43][44] The HBC also remarked that it would not be viable to keep Zellers as an ongoing chain due to the geographical locations of the remaining 64 stores.[45] The HBC did not exclude the possibility of keeping some stores open and converting them as The Bay or Home Outfitters outlets.[46] - After the deal with Target Corporation, HBC still had a burden in half[ambiguous] of the $226.4 million of Zellers lease obligations remaining through 2016, with the rent for 2012 alone being almost half of HBC's adjusted profit. With HBC preparing an initial public offering in late 2012, it either terminated these liabilities with landlords at steep discounts or found new tenants to sublet the space.[47][39] - After HBC decided not to continue Zellers with the remaining 64 stores, these locations started their liquidation sale on December 26, 2012 and the company stopped accepting returns on January 31, 2013. Liquidators sold nearly all of Zellers merchandise, store fixtures and shopping carts at discounted prices. - In January 2013, HBC revised its strategy and decided to keep a total of three stores open under the Zellers banner after March 31, 2013.[48][49][50] These locations no longer operated as discount department stores, but instead as liquidation outlets for sister chain The Bay.[51] HBC communications manager Tiffany Bourré described these locations as featuring fashion apparel and a refined home product offering with more from other HBC banners.[48][50][52] - Originally these included the store at Place Bourassa in Montreal North, Quebec but it closed in early 2014. Replacing it was a previously closed Zellers in Nepean, Ontario, which reopened on April 3, 2014, keeping the number of stores at three.[53][54][55] In September 2014, the last Zellers in Western Canada located at Semiahmoo Shopping Centre in Surrey, British Columbia was closed, leaving only two stores remaining nationwide: at Kipling Queensway Mall in Etobicoke, Ontario and Bells Corners in Nepean, Ontario.[56] Both locations were closed by January 26, 2020.[57][58][59] - In August 2021, as a pilot project, HBC relaunched the Zellers brand as a pop-up shop within a Hudson's Bay department store located at the Burlington Centre mall in Ontario.[12] Essentially a store-within-a-store concept, it sported hanging Zellers logo banners, the classic red-and-white painted walls colour scheme, and red floor lines to mark off one small section within the Hudsons Bay store. While offering a limited selection of goods, including Canada-branded apparel, bedding, housewares and toys, it mainly was intended to invoke a ""fun and nostalgic experience"" according to HBC.[60] At the time, HBC stated more Hudson's Bay locations may use concept in the future.[61] - Subsequent reporting by trade publication Retail Insider indicated the pop-up location may have been prompted by trademark filings by an unrelated group that had opened two stores under the Zellers (as well as Kmart Canada) brands, after HBC allowed a trademark on the Zellers logo to expire in 2020; HBC is suing the group to prevent what it alleges to be unauthorized use of a brand that it still controls.[62] - In March 2023, HBC formally brought back the Zellers brand as an e-commerce website and physical space within several select Hudson's Bay stores across Canada. However, retail analysts still believe the re-introduction of Zellers is primarily due to HBC's lawsuit over protection of its trademark, using this as a demonstration of ownership of the brand, and doubts any successful expansion or revitalization of the former chain.[63] As of March 2023[update], there are 25 HBC stores with a ""Zellers""-themed section, however no standalone locations as once before. - Zellers operated stores from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Victoria, British Columbia and employed over 35,000 people. The average store size was 94,000 square feet (8,700 m2). Zellers Select stores were designed for smaller markets with populations under 25,000, with stores averaged 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2). Some multi-level stores were equipped with a shopping cart system known as the Cartveyor, designed to transport shopping carts between floors next to a standard escalator, while there were few that were so small, they were equipped with elevators open to shoppers, such as with the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre location in the North York district of Toronto (the mall is officially renamed Lawrence Allen Centre in 2019). - In July 2010, Zellers unveiled prototype store designs in five Winnipeg locations, with two more originally planned for late 2010 and early 2011. One store opened on the lower floor of the downtown Winnipeg Bay store making it the first Bay-Zellers hybrid store in the HBC family of stores. - The Skillet, Zellers in-store restaurant brand, launched in 1960.[64] The restaurants underwent several revisions and were branded as Zellers Family Restaurant before their demise. In spring 2023, the Hudson's Bay Company brought the restaurant back as a food truck. - The Zellers chain had also operated a few liquidation centres for its own merchandise. Those were typically former regular Zellers stores that had been converted as liquidation centres for a limited time before closing down for good. The Zellers Family restaurants continued operating in these liquidation centres. - When the remaining 64 stores of the chain were closed on March 31, 2013, three locations were converted to serve as store liquidator for Hudson's Bay and Home Outfitters. - Products sold at Zellers included clothing, grocery, stationery, toys, electronics, furniture, and home supplies. - All Zellers sold basic groceries such as dry snacks and other prepackaged foods. The Neighbourhood Market, formerly available at some locations, was Zellers expanded section of grocery items, which included frozen and dairy aisles. Prototype stores in Winnipeg featured full grocery departments including fresh produce and baked goods. Such plans were dropped following Target Canada's acquisition of many Zellers leases. Some stores removed their The Neighbourhood Market section. - Zellers carried many of its own labels and also had exclusive rights in Canada to some other labels: - When Zellers relaunched as a pop-up store in 2023, they announced a new exclusive label, Anko, an Australian company. Its products are available online and at in-person Zellers stores. The Zellers pop-up stores contain mostly products by Anko. [65] - Some labels exclusive to Target Corporation in the United States were previously exclusive to Zellers in Canada. After Target's acquisition of Zellers leases until its closure, Target Canada became the exclusive store for the following brands: - However, Target Canada closed in 2015, leaving Wabasso, and Mossimo unavailable in Canada since then. Cherokee was then carried by Sears Canada for a short period, until it too closed in January 2018. With the demise of Zellers, Target Canada and Sears Canada, these brands are no longer carried in Canada. - On January 6, 2012, CBC Television's Marketplace announced that Zellers received the title of Canada's Worst Customer Service as a department store, based on a survey conducted by CBC with the Léger Marketing research firm in eight metropolitan areas. The retailer refused to be interviewed by Marketplace host Erica Johnson regarding its ranking, providing her with a written statement instead. Zellers also did not offer a refund to the mystery shopper who bought a used coffeemaker that was presented as new, and attempted to return the product after the advertised 30-day return period. Zellers Customer Service did not respond to this customer's Twitter message seeking satisfactory resolution.[66] - Zellers ran a Festive Finale advertising campaign in late 2011. Zeddy was also used as a mascot to advertise the retailer's toy selection. - The Festive Finale campaign was used to advertise Zellers last Christmas and holiday season sale in December 2011. There was a website called Zellers Facebook.ca which allowed customers to vote for their favourite coupon and musical genre. While Zellers recommended that customers have a Facebook account and Like the company, both of these steps were optional. It was also possible to record a radio commercial for Zellers Moonlight Madness sale by using a computer microphone and reading the site's teleprompter. Zellers also had social networking service accounts on Twitter and YouTube. Festive Finale was criticized for its Boxing Week coupon.[67] - As a Hudson's Bay Company subsidiary, Zellers promoted the Hudson's Bay Rewards program also available at Hudson's Bay and Home Outfitters. It had been known as Club Z and HBC Rewards. The program used a points card, available at no charge but only accepted by Zellers and other partners. A Hudson's Bay MasterCard issued by Capital One is also available, which rewards customers with one point per dollar spent on the card at any retailer. Any Zellers cashier failing to inform a customer about the HBC MasterCard had to give that customer 10,000 HBC points. This is equivalent to 250 Hudson's Bay points, or one eighth of the requirement for a $10 gift card. Hudson's Bay points can still be redeemed for Hudson's Bay gift cards. - Numerous slogans were used by Zellers: - Zeddy is a teddy bear mascot used by Zellers all over Canada. He was first used in 1986[68] as an advertising campaign, and then rose to his popularity by the early 1990s. The main purpose of Zeddy was to advertise Toyland, the toy section in Zellers stores. Zellers provided a stuffed Zeddy bear for any child who had a birthday party sponsored by Zellers. There was also a Zellers employee in a giant Zeddy costume hosting the party. Lineup toys of Zeddy were also created.[69] In the final months before the last of the Zellers stores were closed permanently, the company distributed large batches of stuffed Zeddy Bears for sale in stores throughout the network. - Many stores feature a Zeddy Wheel ride, which accommodates one young child on a miniature ferris wheel type ride. The ride costs $1 and plays carnival music when in use. When no one is riding the wheel, Zeddy says on a regular basis, ""Come ride with me! All aboard the Zeddy Wheel!"" in an attempt to attract customers. Despite Zeddy being withdrawn as the official mascot of Zellers in 2005, the Zeddy Wheel remained in operation at stores featuring it unless it is out of service, and the voice track was unchanged over the years. Some wheels removed the big Zeddy sticker in favour of multiple, small generic stickers. - Zeddy remains used as a baby brand for products such as diapers and baby bath products.[70] - During the Festive Finale campaign in 2011, Zeddy was reintroduced in weekly flyers for Zellers Toyland before closing their stores for Target or Walmart. The character was used as a static picture, but no animated television commercials of him were made during this season. However, some employees decided to wear the Zeddy costume to celebrate the return of this teddy bear. Shortly thereafter, in December 2011, Zellers launched a Zeddy Bucks promotion. Those who spent at least $50 before taxes on toys received a pair of red 2012 Summer Olympics mittens, plus a $10 Zeddy Bucks voucher. This voucher could only be used on a later date.[71] - With the last Zellers stores set to close in 2013, the Hudson's Bay Company announced in September 2012 that it was looking for a charity organization to adopt Zeddy so that the mascot could live on after Zellers.[68] In a social media ad campaign, Zellers Everything Must GO Including Zeddy, Zeddy was featured in an online video where the mascot was abandoned in the woods by a Zellers executive telling Zeddy that Zellers was liquidating, and everything must go, including him. Organizations were invited to submit on Zellers Facebook page what their plans for Zeddy were.[72] There were over 30,000 votes, and the final three contenders were Autism Ontario, Camp Trillium and Cystic Fibrosis Canada. Voters selected Camp Trillium as the winner and chosen adopter. There are several notable Zeddy iterations including most famously, bush pilot Zeddy.[73][74] - Zeddy, on the far right, is walking in a parade in 2003. - Zeddy appears in the Toyland section of Toyland in November 2011. - Other former discount retailer that once operated in Canada and similar concept as Zellers: -",2023-08-26 18:41:22 -Labor and Working-Class History Association - Wikipedia,"The Labor and Working-Class History Association (LAWCHA) is a non-profit association of academics, educators, students, and labor movement and other activists that promotes research into and publication of materials on the history of the labor movement in North and South America. Its current president is James Gregory, professor of history at University of Washington. - LAWCHA works to create and sustain relationships with labor unions, workers' groups and community activist organizations, and to make labor history more accessible to union members and other workers. LAWCHA also works to promote the teaching of workers' history in public elementary and secondary schools, and seeks to foster the preservation of historic sites important to the labor movement. - LAWCHA was founded in 1998. At the time, various labor scholars felt that existing professional organizations, while effective and worthwhile in their own way, did not focus on labor history and lacked an emphasis on workers and local worker organizations. Conversations about forming a new organization occurred on various listservs, especially, H-Labor, part of H-Net. - At a caucus of interested historians at the 1997 North American Labor History Conference in Detroit, Michigan, participants decided to form a new association. An organizing committee, chaired by Elizabeth Faue and Julie Greene, and a constitution and by-laws committee, led by John Bukowczyk and Roger Horowitz, were formed. A constitution was drafted in late 1997 and early 1998, and the organizing committee debated the constitution in mid-1998. - The organizing committee presented the draft constitution to the founding members of LAWCHA at the 1998 North American Labor History Conference. The constitution was approved, and LAWCHA officially founded. Jacquelyn Dowd Hall (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) was elected LAWCHA's first president and Joe W. Trotter, Jr. (Carnegie Mellon University) its first vice-president. - LAWCHA grew steadily throughout 1999, and held its first public meetings as part of a panel at the 1999 North American Labor History Conference. LAWCHA quickly began hosting an extensive program of activities at various history conferences in the U.S. and Canada. - LAWCHA's other past presidents have included former James Green, Alice Kessler-Harris, Michael Honey, Shelton Stromquist, and Nancy MacLean.[citation needed] - Membership in LAWCHA is essentially open to the public, although as of late 2006 most members were academics or labor union members. - LAWCHA is technically governed by its membership, which meets annually in conjunction with the organization's annual conference. In practice, the members delegate authority to the board of directors and the executive committee. - LAWCHA's members elect four officers: A president, vice-president, treasurer and secretary. Officers serve two-year terms, and the president and vice-president are term-limited to one term only. Ordinarily, the vice-president succeeds the president, who then stays on the executive committee as immediate past president. LAWCHA's executive offices at Duke University; the executive secretary and sole staff person of the organization is a history department graduate student. - LAWCHA members also elect a board of directors of fifteen individuals. One-third of the board is up for re-election each year. The four officers, executive secretary, and the immediate past-president of LAWCHA also serve on the board. The officers and executive secretary constitute an executive committee, which governs the organization between meetings of the membership and the board of directors. - LAWCHA publishes a scholarly journal and a newsletter. The membership newsletter began publication in 2005 and now appears once a year, under the editorship of Rosemary Fuerer. Under LAWCHA's auspices, Fuerer also maintains a teaching-focused labor history bibliography.[1] - LAWCHA's second publication is Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas, which began publication in 2005 as well. In February 2004, the entire editorial board and much of the staff of the journal Labor History left that publication after a disagreement with publisher Taylor and Francis over the direction of the journal. According to Leon Fink, the former editor of Labor History, the principal issue was maintaining the journal's editorial independence. LAWCHA's then-president, James Green negotiated an agreement which led to the founding of Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas. Labor is co-published by LAWCHA and Duke University Press. - Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas received the 2005 award for ""Best New Journal"" from the Council of Editors of Learned Journals. The award was given to the best new academic journal to start publication in the previous three years. The journal was renamed Labor: Studies in Working-Class History in 2016. - LAWCHA sponsors and co-sponsors conferences around the country. In 2005 and 2006, it cosponsored Wayne State University's North American Labor History Convention in Detroit; in May 2007 it co-sponsored the Southern Labor History Conference at Duke; in June 2008 it co-sponsored the 40th annual convention of the Pacific Northwest Labour History Association in Vancouver; and in May 2009 it met in Chicago with Archie Green's Laborlore group. In Spring 2010 LAWCHA met in conjunction with the annual conference of the Organization of American Historians in Washington. In Spring 2011 LAWCHA met in Atlanta, Georgia, in conjunction with the Southern Labor Studies Association. In June 2013, LAWCHA hosted a conference in New York City. In May 2015, LAWCHA co-sponsored a conference with The Working Class Studies Association at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. In 2016, LAWCHA co-sponsored panels at the Organization of American Historians conference in Providence, RI. In June 2017, LAWCHA hosted a conference at the University of Washington in Seattle.[2] - In addition, LAWCHA's program committee organizes and cosponsors panels at various other academic conferences. - Each year, LAWCHA awards a Graduate Research Essay Prize to the best paper by a graduate student presented at the North American Labor History Conference. In 2007 it inaugurated the Herbert Gutman Prize for Outstanding Dissertation in U.S. Labor and Working-Class History. Also starting in 2007 it began a collaboration with Cornell University, and the Philip Taft Labor History Book Award is now given by Cornell in cooperation with LAWCHA. Finally, LAWCHA occasionally gives a prize for ""distinguished service to labor and working-class history."" The first was given in 2007 to David Montgomery; in 2008 the organization honored David Brody. - -",2023-08-26 18:41:26 -Way of the Roses - Wikipedia," - The Way of the Roses is the newest[when?] of Great Britain's coast-to-coast long-distance cycle routes and is based on minor roads, disused railway lines and specially constructed cycle paths. It lies entirely within the counties of Lancashire and Yorkshire, crossing the Yorkshire Dales and the Yorkshire Wolds in the North of England, passing through the historic cities of Lancaster and York and scenic towns and villages including Settle, Pateley Bridge and Ripon. - At 170 miles (270 km) long,[2] the route is designed for the whole range of cyclists, from families to cycling club riders. Although a challenge with some hard climbs, the highest point being over 1,312 feet (400 m), the route is steadily increasing in popularity[when?] and is fully open and signed. - The route is named after the Wars of the Roses, a 15th-century war between the English dynastic families Lancaster and York.[3] - The route was developed by Sustrans and part of the National Cycle Network (NCN Route 69) in partnership with various Local Authorities, Lancaster City Council, Cyclists Touring Club, Bridlington Renaissance Partnership and Welcome to Yorkshire amongst others. The route was opened in 2010 running from Morecambe on the west coast of Lancashire to the east coast at Bridlington.[4] A second diversion between Pateley Bridge and York that goes via Harrogate and Knaresborough was opened in 2011.[5] Additionally, there is a section that links Kingston upon Hull to the cycle route that joins/leaves near Pocklington rather than going to/from Bridlington.[6] - A number of public artworks have been commissioned for the route. Matt Baker is currently developing a series of linked artworks at various points along the route. This work has not yet been completed.[7] - The route is well signposted with signs carrying the name of the route or marked with the red and white heraldic roses from which the name of the route is derived. - The route starts in the resort town of Morecambe, Lancashire loosely following the River Lune and the River Wenning into the Pennines at Settle and entering the Yorkshire Dales National Park.[8] From there it makes its steepest climb (eastwards) across the edge of Rye Loaf Hill before descending to Airton. Thence it heads northeast to Grassington before following the River Wharfe for several miles and then turning towards the high point of the route at Greenhow and descending to Pateley Bridge on the River Nidd. Beyond Pateley Bridge the hills are significantly lower and after Ripon (with a short exception of the Yorkshire Wolds) the route is more or less flat, passing through York before finally reaching Bridlington and the North Sea. The route is made up primarily of: - The Way Of The Roses is best ridden from west to east to take advantage of the prevailing winds from the West[9] and the more favourable gradients. Tradition dictates that you start the ride by dipping your back wheel in the Irish Sea and only ends when your front wheel gets a dip in the North Sea at the finish. It is typically completed in 3–5 days.[10] - The Way of the Roses makes use of 8 National Cycle Network routes. Starting in Morecambe on Route 69. It transfers to Route 68 at Clapham ( WikiMiniAtlas54°07′02″N 2°23′30″W / 54.1173°N 2.3918°W / 54.1173; -2.3918), on to Route 688 at Winterburn ( WikiMiniAtlas54°01′21″N 2°06′09″W / 54.0226°N 2.1025°W / 54.0226; -2.1025), and Route 65 at Linton-on-Ouse ( WikiMiniAtlas54°02′19″N 1°14′06″W / 54.0387°N 1.2351°W / 54.0387; -1.2351). Through central York ( WikiMiniAtlas53°57′41″N 1°05′33″W / 53.9614°N 1.0924°W / 53.9614; -1.0924) it follows the short Route 658 before joining Route 66 ( WikiMiniAtlas53°57′35″N 1°03′04″W / 53.9597°N 1.0511°W / 53.9597; -1.0511). At Pockington ( WikiMiniAtlas53°55′51″N 0°46′33″W / 53.9309°N 0.7758°W / 53.9309; -0.7758) it takes Route 164 over the Yorkshire Wolds before picking up Route 1 near Hutton Cranswick ( WikiMiniAtlas53°57′14″N 0°29′53″W / 53.954°N 0.498°W / 53.954; -0.498), which it then uses to the finish in Bridlington.[11] - The route links to other parts of the NCN so can be used as part of a longer cycle tour. In addition to the above listed routes the way of the Roses has junctions with Route 700 at Morecambe ( WikiMiniAtlas54°04′16″N 2°52′34″W / 54.0710°N 2.8760°W / 54.0710; -2.8760), Route 6 at Lancaster ( WikiMiniAtlas54°03′08″N 2°48′09″W / 54.0522°N 2.8025°W / 54.0522; -2.8025), Route 67 near Fountains Abbey ( WikiMiniAtlas54°05′29″N 1°34′38″W / 54.0914°N 1.5771°W / 54.0914; -1.5771). and Route 167 at Huggate in the Yorkshire Wolds( WikiMiniAtlas53°59′02″N 0°39′50″W / 53.984°N 0.6638°W / 53.984; -0.6638). - Route maps for The Way of the Roses and detailed route guides from other publishers are available from Sustrans.[12] - Download coordinates as: -  WikiMiniAtlas54°05′47″N 1°28′49″W / 54.0964°N 1.4804°W / 54.0964; -1.4804 -",2023-08-26 18:41:31 -1977 Cork Junior Football Championship - Wikipedia," - The 1977 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 79th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895. - The final was played on 25 November 1977 at the Castle Grounds in Macroom, between Castletownbere and Rockchapel, in what was their first ever meeting in the final.[1] Castletownbere won the match by 3–05 to 0–08 to claim their first ever championship title.[2][3] -",2023-08-26 18:41:35 -Donna Kinnair - Wikipedia," - Professor Dame Donna Kinnair DBE (born 1960 or 1961) is a British nurse and former Chief Executive and General Secretary of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN). She has specialised in child protection, providing leadership in major hospital trusts in London, teaching, and advising on legal and governmental committees. - Kinnair was born in 1960 or 1961.[1] - She initially pursued a maths degree but decided not to complete it. She later returned to education having been encouraged by an occupational health nurse to take up nursing. Kinnair credits her experience growing up with an asthmatic father with showing her the impact nursing could have on people.[2] She attended the Princess Alexandra School of Nursing at the Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel in 1983 to train as a nurse.[1] - Following her training, Kinnair worked with HIV and intensive care patients in east London. She subsequently worked as a health visitor in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets and pursued further studies, gaining a master's degree in medical law and ethics. Her new qualifications led her to focus on child protection in south London.[1] Notably, she was one of four expert advisers in the 2001 Laming inquiry into the death of eight year old Victoria Climbié.[1][3][4] - Kinnair has held several senior positions in the healthcare sector including: - Further to her positions in the healthcare sector, Kinnair has taught medical law, ethics and child protection in multiple countries including Britain, New Zealand, Russia and Kenya.[1] In addition she has provided advice to the UK government on nursing and midwifery through her work with the prime minister's commission in 2010.[2] - In 2015, Kinnair was appointed Head of Nursing of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), after which she was promoted to Director for Nursing, Policy and Practice in 2016. In August 2018 she was appointed acting Chief Executive and General Secretary before being confirmed on a permanent basis in April 2019.[3] - In 2020 Kinnair had been recognised for her influence, having been listed in the 2020 Powerlist - which lists the 100 most influential Britons of African/African Caribbean descent.,[5] and in 2021 Kinnair reached the top 10 of the Powerlist 2021 in recognition of her work during the COVID-19 pandemic.[6] - In 2021, Kinnair resigned from her role as Chief Executive and General Secretary of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) following a ""period of ill health"" due to a cycling incident.[7] - Kinnair has three children.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:41:38 -Fricis Rokpelnis - Wikipedia,"Fricis Rokpelnis (6 October [O.S. 23 September] 1909 in Grobiņa, Courland, Russian Empire – 15 September 1969 in Jūrmala, Latvian SSR) was a Latvian poet and writer, who is best known for writing the lyrics to the Anthem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. - Born in Kurzeme, to a poor family. After the occupation of Latvia in 1940, Rockpelnis worked closely with the communist regime, becoming one of the most visible collaborators who came from the Latvian literary environment. From 1947. A member of the CPSU, Rokpelnis held various high administrative positions and co-authored the anthem of the Latvian SSR. He was also a USSR Supreme Council Member (1946-1950) and Latvian SSR Supreme Council Member (1950-1954). Fricis Rokpelnis was the father of poet Janis Rokpelnis.[1] - He also wrote libretto for the Soviet political propaganda opera ""On the New Coast"" (1954) and ""Audriņi"" (1963). - - This article about a Latvian writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:41:42 -Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza - Wikipedia," - Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza is a 1.59-acre (0.64 ha) public park in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, New York, United States. Located on the south side of East 47th Street between First Avenue and Second Avenue, the park was established during the late 1940s and early 1950s, when 47th Street was widened to create a landscaped approach to the headquarters of the United Nations. It was renamed after Dag Hammarskjöld, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, after his death in 1961. The New York City Department of Parks and Recreation announced plans in the early 1990s to expand the plaza, which was completed in 1999. - The plaza is a frequent site of protests and demonstrations given its location near the United Nations headquarters.[1] - Plans for the new park were originally conceived in 1947 as part of a new landscaped approach to the headquarters of the United Nations, which then was being developed on the east side of First Avenue between East 42nd and 48th streets in Turtle Bay, Manhattan. The city proposed widening and reconstructing several streets in the vicinity of the United Nations to accommodate the new complex, one of which was the segment of East 47th Street from First to Second avenues. Specifically, the city's plans called to widen this street from 60 to 160 feet (18 to 49 m) to create a two-way thoroughfare.[3][4] The road was to consist of two 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) roadways separated by a 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) median, with a landscaped park running along the remainder of the south side of the street.[3][5] This project was to cost about $1 million.[6] The widened section of 47th Street was intended to serve the northern part of the United Nations headquarters, complementing the widening of 42nd Street to the south.[4] - The project required condemnation of all of the buildings along the south side of East 47th Street, including St. Boniface Church, the church's rectory and parochial school, and a furniture maker.[3][4] Over 2,000 people signed a petition sent to the Board of Estimate to block the proposed demolition of St. Boniface Church and asked the city to select another street to serve as the approach to the United Nations.[7]: 614 [8] Other groups felt that the city's proposal was inadequate.[9] William Zeckendorf submitted a plan to redevelop six blocks from First to Third avenues with a 320-foot (98 m) wide east-west concourse leading to the north end of the United Nations site.[10] The New York chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) proposed a 150-foot (46 m) wide east-west approach running through a nine-block redevelopment area bounded by First Avenue, 45th Street, Lexington Avenue, and 48th Street.[11][12][13] The AIA claimed their plan would require the demolition of only two large buildings, one of which was a ten-story YMCA branch at 224 East 47th Street.[13][14] - The city decided to proceed with its original plan in August 1947, believing that the other proposals for ""monumental"" approaches were not justified given the city's financial condition and the legal obstacles that they would face.[15][16] A New York Supreme Court justice determined in January 1948 that the properties, which the city was to acquire for the widening of 47th Street, were worth $1.435 million.[17] The Board of Estimate authorized $3 million for the acquisition of property in August 1948.[18][19] The city revised its plans for the widening of 42nd and 47th streets near the UN headquarters in March 1950, raising the total cost of the two projects by $3 million.[20] During the construction of the UN headquarters, the planned Secretariat Building was shifted closer to 42nd Street.[7]: 634  As a result, the enlarged portion of 47th Street failed to serve as a proper approach to the UN headquarters once the complex was completed, as the street ended at a park north of the General Assembly Building. In the book New York 1960, architect Robert A. M. Stern and his co-authors characterized the widened street as ""in many ways an empty gesture"".[7]: 614  - After Dag Hammarskjöld, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, was killed in a plane crash while traveling on a peacekeeping mission to the Congo, the New York City Council approved legislation to rename the park on 47th Street in his honor.[2][21] Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza was formally renamed on November 11, 1961.[22] New York City and UN officials announced plans in April 1964 to redesign the plaza by adding a wall with quotations from the late Secretary-General.[23] The plans also included a memorial footbridge over First Avenue, designed by Daniel Chait, which would connect the plaza with the UN headquarters.[23][24] The city government provided $255,375 in December 1965 for the footbridge, which was never completed.[25] Another unrealized plan, in 1968, called for Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza to be redesigned into an actual park.[26] At the time, The Washington Post, Times Herald described the park as ""a rather sorry affair which has only a row of young trees to justify its name"".[26] - In 1970, the western portion of the park was leased for 125 years to developer Harry Macklowe for incorporation into the plaza and arcade for the new office building at 866 Second Avenue, also known as 2 Hammarskjold Plaza. As part of the agreement, the developer built a sculpture garden and was responsible for its maintenance.[7]: 632 [27] In exchange, Macklowe was permitted to add 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) to his building.[7]: 632  After advocacy from local civic groups, the western part of the plaza was redesigned in 1985.[28] - Throughout its history, Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza has been the site of numerous political protests and demonstrations given its location near the United Nations. The New York Times wrote in 1991 that Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, along with the smaller Ralph Bunche Park at 43rd Street and First Avenue, were ""the city's speakers' corners. The soapboxes to the world.""[29] At the time, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) was issuing more permits for protests at the two parks than at any other part of the city; in 1990 alone, NYC Parks issued 236 permits for protests at these parks.[29] The plaza has also served as a focal point for major marches, including the end point of marches supporting the Soviet Jewry movement in the 1970s and 1980s[30][31] and the starting point of the 2017 Women's March in New York City.[1][32] - In the early 1990s, NYC Parks made plans for a $2.5 million expansion and renovation of the park, which would include removing the elevated sculpture garden at the west end of the park and the eastbound roadway on East 47th Street. These plans were met by opposition from some of the local residents, who said the plaza had become overrun by homeless in the prior decade and did not want homeless encampments to grow larger.[33][34] Homeless persons had congregated in the sculpture garden at the park's western end, which was no longer displaying sculptures and was seen as a security risk by local residents.[35] In 1993, Friends of Hammarskjold Park was formed as a community organization to address concerns that these problems would continue in a new and expanded park.[33][34][36] The renovations to Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza were designed by NYC Parks architect George Vellonakis and included six fountains within reflecting pools, steel lattice pavilions and colonnade, and new landscaping and benches.[2][37][38][39] - The owners of 866 Second Avenue, a consortium of investors who bought that building from Helmsley, agreed in 1994 to rebuild the plaza's sculpture garden for $300,000, in exchange for being absolved of responsibility for the garden's upkeep. The plans include lowering the sculpture garden so it was more visible from the street.[35] As part of the renovations, a garden was created along the southern edge of the park and dedicated to actress Katharine Hepburn on May 12, 1997, her ninetieth birthday.[40] The former actress had been a resident of the Turtle Bay neighborhood for six decades and fought to save trees on her block. Katharine Hepburn Garden includes a bench taken from her estate in Fenwick, Connecticut, stepping stones inscribed with her quotations, and tablets with pictures from her films.[37][41][42] - The final phase of the renovation, which included narrowing 47th Street between First and Second avenues to a westbound-only, three-lane street, could not commence until eastbound M27 and M50 crosstown buses were rerouted away from the plaza. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) proposed rerouting the buses onto either 46th or 48th Street, but residents of both streets opposed the plans.[43] Mayor Rudy Giuliani decided in December 1997 to cancel plans for the final phase of the renovation, which involved converting the eastbound roadway into an expanded plaza, after local residents and the city government were unable to agree on plans to narrow 47th Street. This led Hepburn to threaten to remove her name from the garden.[37] The city announced that it would go ahead with the park expansion in September 1998 after an agreement was reached with the MTA to reroute the M27 and M50 buses.[38][44] The expansion of the plaza was completed in August 1999, which increased the size of the park by half an acre.[39][45] - In 2000, a weekly greenmarket was added to the park, which continues to be held each Wednesday and is managed by GrowNYC.[46][47][48] The following year a small cafe opened in a private concession space near the eastern end of the park that was designed by NYC Parks to resemble a glass greenhouse.[49] -",2023-08-26 18:41:48 -Tash-Kichu - Wikipedia,"Tash-Kichu (Russian: Таш-Кичу; Bashkir: Ташкисеү, Taşkisew) is a rural locality (a village) in Tyumenyakovsky Selsoviet, Tuymazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 53 as of 2010.[2] There is 1 street. - Tash-Kichu is located 21 km north of Tuymazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pokrovka is the nearest rural locality.[3] - This Tuymazinsky District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:41:52 -Capitulation of Alexandria (1801) - Wikipedia,"The Capitulation of Alexandria in August 1801 brought to an end the French expedition to Egypt. - French troops, defeated by British and Ottoman forces, had retreated to Alexandria where they were besieged. On 30 August 1801 the French general Abdullah Jacques-François Menou offered to surrender and proposed terms, which were considered, partly accepted and in many details amended, by the British general John Hely-Hutchinson and admiral Lord Keith. - The text of the Capitulation is printed in full in Robert Wilson's History of the British expedition to Egypt.[1] Each article as proposed by General Menou is followed by a comment: the proposed articles as amended by these comments form the capitulation as it was finally put into effect, bringing the conflict to a formal end on 2 September 1801. The document is signed by General-in-Chief Menou, Admiral Keith, Lt.-General Hely-Hutchinson, Lt.-Col. James Kempt, and the Kapudan Pasha Küçük Hüseyin Pasha, representing the Ottoman forces. - Under Article 16 of the capitulation ""the Arabian manuscripts, the statues, and the other collections which have been made for the French Republic, shall be considered as public property, and subject to the disposal of the generals of the combined army."" This led to the transfer to British possession of the Rosetta Stone and other Egyptian antiquities collected by the French Commission des Sciences et des Arts and the scholars of the Institut d'Egypte. - At the Capitulation, the British discovered the French warships Cause, Egyptienne, Justice and Régénérée, and two former Venetian frigates in the harbour of Alexandria. The British and their Turkish allies agreed a division of the spoils. The British received Égyptienne, Régénérée, and ""Venetian No. 2"" – named by the French Léoben (ex-Venetian Medusa) – of 26 guns. the Ottomans received the 64-gun Causse (ex-Venetian Vulcano), Justice, of 46 guns, and ""Venetian No. 1"" – Mantoue (ex-Venetian Cerere) – also of 26 guns. The Turks also received some Turkish corvettes that were in the harbour.[2][Note 1] Admiral Lord Keith commander of the naval forces, gave the value of Régénérée for prize money purposes at £16,771 13s 6d.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:41:55 -Coronado School of the Arts - Wikipedia,"Coronado School of the Arts (CoSA) is a school-within-a-school located on the campus of Coronado High School in Coronado, California. The school currently enrolls 155 students,[1] of which nearly 70% comes from outside Coronado.[2] - CoSA is largely an after-hours program[2] with a focus on the arts, in which students take academic courses at Coronado High School in the morning.[1] The school offers classes in classical and contemporary dance, musical theater and drama, instrumental music, technical theater, visual art, and digital media and filmmaking.[1] It has Ph.D.s on its faculty and what the San Diego Union Tribune calls ""a formidable fund-raising auxiliary"", the CoSA Foundation.[3] - The idea for the school materialized in 1993.[1] The school was founded in 1996 by Kris McClung[2] and had 60 students when it opened it doors in 1996.[1] In 2007, CoSA unveiled a $12 million theater arts complex that includes a 650-seat main-stage theater, a black-box theater, scene shop, music and drama rooms, administrative offices, and a fly loft.[2] - In 2005, four evacuees of Hurricane Katrina relocated from the wind and rain damaged New Orleans Center for Creative Arts.[4] - CoSA generally puts on two musicals and one play every school years with many dance, instrumental music, art, and digital media shows/exhibits in between.[citation needed] - The Coronado School of the Arts Foundation provides the oversight and fundraising apparatus [1] for CoSA. Private funding, in the form of donations, covers about half of CoSA's operating budget. The remaining money is provided by the Coronado Unified School District, and through special state and federal grants. - In August 2008, Pamela Coker was appointed Executive Director for the CoSA Foundation.[5] -  WikiMiniAtlas32°41′30.27″N 117°10′43.07″W / 32.6917417°N 117.1786306°W / 32.6917417; -117.1786306 -",2023-08-26 18:41:59 -Ruthin School - Wikipedia," - Ruthin School is a private day and boarding school located on the outskirts of Ruthin, the county town of Denbighshire, North Wales. It is over seven hundred years old, making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom. Originally a school for boys, it has been co-educational since 1990. - In the 2013 A Level results, 60.23% of grades attained by students at the school were A* or A. This figure was increased in 2016 to 76%, as well as a pass rate of 100%.[1] 90% of 2017 university applications at the school were to Russell Group or top 20 universities.[2] In 2017 the school had the 27th best A-level results of British independent schools.[3] - The school won the 2016, 2017 and 2018 UKMT national mathematics competitions, resulting in their selection to represent the United Kingdom in Europe for three consecutive years. The school won the national Chemistry Analyst Competition in 2015, and has had gold award winning pupils in Olympiads for Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry every year in recent times.[4][5][6][non-primary source needed] - According to the 2014 Estyn inspection report, English and mathematics at key stage four are well above Wales' average, and percentage of year 11 students achieving the level 2 threshold is also above the Welsh average. A* to C grades awarded for GCSE entries has improved and increased steadily for the past few years. Sixth Form students are at well above the Wales average at level 3, achieving good results in their A levels.[7] - Ruthin School was founded in the wake of Edward I's conquest of Wales. Whilst the precise date of the foundation is not certain, Keith Thompson argues in his history of the school that 1284 is the most likely date and Reginald de Grey the most likely founder. In any event, it is clear from the Taxatio Ecclesiastica of 1291 that a collegiate church and school existed at Ruthin by that date. - Evidence of Ruthin School in the subsequent centuries is sparse. Surviving documents such as a Confirmatio of 1314/1315 which recognised the existence, rights and liberties of ""collegio de Ruthin fundato per Reginald de Grey"" indicate the existence of the School but nothing more is known of the size of the establishment. - Following Owain Glyndŵr's attack on Ruthin in September 1400, it appears that the collegiate church, and presumably also the school, continued to function unscathed until the dissolution of the former in 1535. Evidence for the school's continuation over the following decades is sketchy, but it is known that in 1561 the tithes of the sinecure of Llanelidan were applied to the use of the school, which suggests that pupils at that time would have been from local homes. - In 1574, Gabriel Goodman, the Dean of Westminster and an Old Ruthinian, built a two-storey, limestone building to house the school in the shadow of the Church. The school appears to have prospered, and in 1595 Dean Goodman successfully petitioned Queen Elizabeth I to grant the tithes of Llanelidan to the school in perpetuity. - Following its refoundation, the grammar school educated the sons of local gentry, including the Grosvenor, Kenyon and Trevor families. Former pupils included Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon and Sir John Trevor sometime Master of the Rolls and Speaker of the Speaker of the House of Commons. - In 1893 the school moved from the immediate vicinity of the church to a building designed by John Douglas on its site on the eastern outskirts of the town. In 1923 Lord Kenyon opened the Memorial Cricket Pavilion to honour those Old Ruthinians who had died during the First World War. - As the century progressed, the demand for places increased, and in 1949 Bishop Wynne House was inaugurated. Just over a decade later, a new school hall comprising a refectory, kitchens, classrooms, and a theatre were constructed. - Expansion continued, and in 1971 a preparatory department was established in the former Archbishop Williams' house. The quatercentenary of the School's re-foundation was commemorated by the launch of plans for the construction of a new wing consisting of dormitories, a music room, classrooms, locker rooms and other facilities, plans which culminated in 1980. - The School's septcentenary was commemorated by a visit of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the School's Visitor, and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh on 16 March 1984 when a clock in the central tower was unveiled. - On the hundredth anniversary of the school's relocation, the Hall was further extended and in 2006 the Hewer Hall, a sports facility, was opened by The Princess Royal. - The then Principal, Toby Belfield, caused controversy in May 2015 when he questioned the merits of a bilingual education in a letter to the Denbighshire Free Press, acknowledging that ""tradition and heritage are important – but much more important is to ensure that we do not reduce the opportunities available for Welsh children."" His claims that bilingual education was educationally ""weaker"" than in England and abroad received widespread attention nationally, splitting opinion.[citation needed] The school attracted national attention again in February 2017, after leaked emails from the Principal (addressed to the students and parents) concerning a crackdown on behaviour caused controversy.[8] The principal stated that he wished to expel students who engaged in romantic relationships and/or give them inferior references for university admissions, stating that he would ""always"" ""definitely"" give a worse reference; and that he would ""not hesitate"" to expel students who engaged in sexual activity.[9] After the e-mails were released, Belfield released a contradictory statement that if the student was making high marks, he would not reduce the quality of his or her recommendations even if he or she was dating.[8] - In an ironic twist, it was discovered Belfield was trying to engage in relationships with several students after hundreds of sexualised text messages that he had sent to the school's female pupils emerged. He complimented his students 'breasts' and asked about their 'virginities', as well as boasting about how he used to meet students abroad.[10] The girls ages ranged from 15 to 18. The extent of Belfield's grooming is still unknown, yet it is understood he sought to remain in contact with several female students after they had left school. Belfield was placed on leave at the end of 2019; he had already been suspended following an earlier investigation two years prior, but allowed to return to work.[10] - In January 2020, following an unannounced inspection, Care Inspectorate Wales, which oversees the welfare and safeguarding of children, published a damning report on ""inadequate"" policies and procedures that are in breach of discrimination and human rights laws, stating ""serious shortfalls"" meant pupils are ""not appropriately safeguarded"" and ""at risk of harm"".[11][12][13] - The school traditionally travels to the Collegiate and Parochial Church of St Peter three times annually: once to mark Remembrance Day, once for a Christmas Carol Service, and once for Founder's Day.[14] - In the summer term there is an annual race from school to the summit of Moel Fenlli and back down again – a 7.5-mile (12.1 km) cross-country race in which school students and staff compete.[15] The prize for the winner is a pot of marmalade, with trophies for the first boy and girl finishing in each age group.[16] - The monarch is the visitor of Ruthin School, whose rights have traditionally been exercised by the Lord Lieutenant. - The Old Ruthinian Association consists of former pupils of Ruthin School. The Association was founded after the First World War and gathers for its annual meeting on the Saturday of Remembrance Weekend at Ruthin Castle. -",2023-08-26 18:42:03 -Amorphophallus titanum - Wikipedia," - Amorphophallus titanum, the titan arum, is a flowering plant in the family Araceae. It has the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. The inflorescence of the talipot palm, Corypha umbraculifera, is larger, but it is branched rather than unbranched. A. titanum is endemic to rainforests on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. - Due to its odor, like that of a rotting corpse, the titan arum is characterized as a carrion flower, and is also known as the corpse flower or corpse plant as translated from the original Indonesian word bunga bangkai ('bunga means flower, while bangkai can be translated as corpse, cadaver, or carrion). - The titan arum's berries arrange in a regular cylindrical form that resembles the packing of spheres inside a cylindrical confinement. Those structures are also called columnar structures or crystals. - A. titanum derives its name from Ancient Greek (ἄμορφος amorphos, ""without form, misshapen"" + φαλλός phallos, ""phallus"", and Τιτάν Titan, ""titan, giant"").[2] - Its corm is the largest known, typically weighing around 50 kg (110 lb).[3] When a specimen at the Princess of Wales Conservatory, Kew Gardens, was repotted after its dormant period, the weight was recorded as 91 kg (201 lb). -[4] In 2006, a corm in the Botanical Garden of Bonn, Germany, was recorded at 117 kg (258 lb),[5] and an A. titanum grown in Gilford, New Hampshire by Dr. Louis Ricciardiello in 2010 weighed 138 kg (305 lb).[6][7] However, the current record is held by a corm grown at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, weighing 153.9 kg (339 lb) after 7 years' growth from an initial corm the size of an orange.[8] The tallest documented inflorescence was recorded at the Botanical Gardens Bonn (Germany) in May 2013 and reached 3.20 m.[9][10] - The titan arum's inflorescence can reach over 3 m (10 ft) in height.[11][9] Like the related cuckoo pint and calla lily, it consists of a fragrant spadix of flowers wrapped by a spathe, which looks like a large petal. In the case of the titan arum, the spathe is a deep green on the outside and dark burgundy red on the inside, with a deeply furrowed texture. The spadix is almost hollow and resembles a large baguette. Near the bottom of the spadix, hidden from view inside the sheath of the spathe, the spadix bears two rings of small flowers. The upper ring bears the male flowers, the lower ring is spangled with bright red-orange carpels. The odor (""fragrance"") of the titan arum resembles rotting meat, attracting carrion-eating beetles and flesh flies (family Sarcophagidae) that pollinate it. The inflorescence's deep red color and texture contribute to the illusion that the spathe is a piece of meat. During bloom, the tip of the spadix is roughly human body temperature, which helps the perfume volatilize; this heat is also believed to assist in the illusion that attracts carcass-eating insects.[9] - Both male and female flowers grow in the same inflorescence. The female flowers open first, then a day or two following, the male flowers open. This usually prevents the flower from self-pollinating. - After the flower dies back, a single leaf, which reaches the size of a small tree, grows from the underground corm. The leaf grows on a somewhat green stalk that branches into three sections at the top, each containing many leaflets. The leaf structure can reach up to 6 m (20 ft) tall and 5 m (16 ft) across. The stalk, or petiole bearing the leaf can be up to 15-16 inches (38-41 centimeters) thick at soil level and still 12-13 inches (30-32 cm) at breast height (D.B.H.).[12] Each year, the old leaf dies and a new one grows in its place. When the corm has stored enough energy, it becomes dormant for about four months. Then the process repeats. - A. titanum is native solely to western Sumatra,[11] where it grows in openings in rainforests on limestone hills.[13] However, the plant is cultivated by botanical gardens and a few private collectors around the world.[11] - The titan arum grows in the wild only in the equatorial rainforests of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was first scientifically described in 1878 by Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari. The plant flowers only infrequently in the wild. It first flowered in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK, in 1889, with over 100 cultivated blossoms since then. The first documented flowerings in the United States were at the New York Botanical Garden in 1937 and 1939. This flowering also inspired the designation of the titan arum as the official flower of the Bronx in 1939, only to be replaced in 2000 by the day lily. In the Botanical Gardens of Bonn, the titan arum was cultivated since 1932 and the largest collection was built up by Wilhelm Barthlott after 1988, about 30 flowers were recorded and researched since.[10] The number of cultivated plants has increased in recent years, and not uncommonly five or more flowering events occur in gardens around the world in a single year, since today the cultivation requirements for gardens are known in detail.[14] Advanced pollination techniques mean that this plant is rarely cultivated by amateur gardeners. However, in 2011, Roseville High School (Roseville, California) became the first high school in the world to bring a titan arum to bloom.[15] - In May 2003, the tallest inflorescence in cultivation, some 3.20 m (10 ft 5 in) high (measured from its corm, 3.07 m from the soil surface), was grown at the Botanical Garden Bonn in Germany; this record was analyzed, photographed, and documented in detail.[16][10] The event was acknowledged by Guinness World Records.[17] The largest flower in the USA by Louis Ricciardiello, measured 3.10 m (10 ft 2 in) tall in 2010, when it was on display at Winnipesaukee Orchids in Gilford, New Hampshire, US. This event, too, was acknowledged by Guinness World Records.[18][19] - In cultivation, the titan arum generally requires 5 through 10 years of vegetative growth before blooming for the first time. After a plant's initial blooming, there can be considerable variation in its blooming frequency. The cultivation conditions are known in detail.[14] Some plants may not bloom again for another 7 through 10 years while others may bloom every two or three years. At the botanical gardens Bonn, it was observed under optimal cultivation conditions that the plants flowered alternatively every second year.[11][10] A plant has also been flowering every second year (2012 to 2022) in the Copenhagen Botanical Garden.[20] Back-to-back blooms occurring within a year have been documented[21] and corms simultaneously sending up both a leaf (or two) and an inflorescence.[22] There has also been an occasion when a 117 kilograms (258 lb) corm produced three simultaneous blooms in Bonn, Germany.[16] -[23] There was also a triplet bloom at the Chicago Botanic Gardens in May 2020 named ""The Velvet Queen,"" but viewing was closed to the public due to COVID-19.[24] - The spathe generally begins to open between midafternoon[25] and late evening and remains open all night. At this time, the female flowers are receptive to pollination. Although most spathes begin to wilt within 12 hours, some have been known to remain open for 24 to 48 hours. As the spathe wilts, the female flowers lose receptivity to pollination. - Self-pollination was once considered impossible, but in 1992, botanists in Bonn hand-pollinated their plant with its own pollen from ground-up male flowers. The procedure was successful, resulting in fruit and hundreds of seeds from which numerous seedlings were eventually produced and distributed.[11][10][14] Additionally, a titan arum at Gustavus Adolphus College, in Minnesota, unexpectedly produced viable seed through self-pollination in 2011.[26] - As the spathe gradually opens, the spadix heats up to 37 °C (99 °F), and rhythmically releases powerful odors to attract pollinators, insects which feed on dead animals or lay their eggs in rotting meat.[16] The potency of the odor gradually increases from late evening until the middle of the night, when carrion beetles and flesh flies are active as pollinators, then tapers off towards morning.[27] Analyses of chemicals released by the spadix show the stench includes dimethyl trisulfide (like limburger cheese), dimethyl disulfide (garlic), trimethylamine (rotting fish), isovaleric acid (sweaty socks), benzyl alcohol (sweet floral scent), phenol (like Chloraseptic), and indole (like feces).[28][29] - Two titan arum in Sumatra, Indonesia (ca. 1900–40); one in leaf, which can reach up to 6 m (20 ft) tall, and one in bloom - Small corm of A. titanum, Muttart Conservatory, Edmonton, Canada - The pollen area as seen from the inside (UC Davis, California) - Plant finishing blooming, showing the male and female flowers at the base of the spadix - A. titanum close up, Bayreuth University, Germany, June 7, 2015 - A. titanum close up, Bayreuth University, Germany, June 6, 2015 - A. titanum close up, Bayreuth University, Germany, June 6, 2015 - A. titanum leaflets, Muttart Conservatory, Edmonton, Canada - A. titanum with fruits, Liberec, Czech Republic - A. titanum view into the spathe with flowers on the basis of the spadix. Botanical Gardens Univ. Bonn 28. March 1997 - A. titanum fruiting at the Botanical Gardens Univ, Bonn in September 2009 - A. titanum young, just expanding single leaf in the Botanical Gardens Univ. Bonn, July 2009 - Amorphophallus titanum, world record flower 320 cm high, Botancial Gardens University of Bonn, 21-June-2013 -",2023-08-26 18:42:07 -Jonny Walker (boxer) - Wikipedia," -Johnny Walker (1 January 1819, in England – 18 September 1888, in London, England) was a lightweight bare-knuckle boxer. He weighed around 133 pounds, and stood 5’ 5 ½"" (Some sources report 5’ 8""). - Walker was born with the name Johnny Badman. He was given his name by the great boxer Peter Crawley who owned a boxing school. - We first hear of Walker’s pugilistic career when he challenged Jack Hannan for the Lightweight Championship of England. The contest was held on 1 November 1838 in Oxfordshire. Walker was defeated in 31 rounds and 2 hours and 54 minutes. He again challenged Hannan for the title on 2 April 1839 near Newmarket.[1] This time Walker was defeated in 39 rounds and 3 hours and 48 minutes, after his shoulder was dislocated after a heavy throw.[2] - In 1841, Hannan lost his championship to Johnny Broome, who then retired from the ring in 1842. Following his losses to Hannan, Walker defeated W. Jones on 2 June 1841, Fred Mason on 18 January 1842 and Ned Adams on 5 July 1842.[1] With these three victories Walker established himself as the rightful successor to Broome’s title and was thereafter never defeated.[2] - Sometime around 1850, Walker relinquished his title and traveled to the United States with his brother Alf. Walker. There he opened a bar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. While owning the bar, ""one of his favorite amusements was to stand against the wall and bet any one the drinks for the house that he could not strike him in the head with his fist. He was very quick at dodging, and seldom lost.""[1] He returned to England in 1853, where he planned a comeback, which never occurred.[1] - Although widely respected in his day, Johnny Walker died a poverty-stricken man in a London hospital on 18 January 1888.[3] The great fighter did have a son, Tommy Walker, who was also a pugilist.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:42:10 -Giovanni Sirovich - Wikipedia," - Giovanni Sirovich (born 8 September 1971) is an Italian sabre fencer. He competed in the men's team sabre at the 1992 Summer Olympics.[1] He won the gold medal in the 1993 Summer Universiade and the same year a team silver medal in the World Championships. He became a fencing coach after his retirement as an athlete. He is now technical director for sabre at the Federazione Italiana Scherma. - This biographical article related to fencing in Italy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:42:14 -Ibity ground gecko - Wikipedia," - The Ibity ground gecko (Paroedura ibityensis) is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:42:17 -Into the Gauntlet - Wikipedia," - Into the Gauntlet is the tenth book in The 39 Clues novel series. It was written by Margaret Peterson Haddix and released on August 31, 2010. - The message on the cards is, ""Only together can we fight the true enemy."" - The secret message in the book is ""The Cahills aren't the only ones looking for the Clues. The Vespers are coming."" - Into the Gauntlet begins as Amy and Dan Cahill enter a London hotel tired and with no lead whatsoever. They receive another lead, which Amy realizes leads to William Shakespeare, so they go to a performance of Romeo and Juliet in The Globe Theatre. Once there, they confront the Starlings, who are back in the clue hunt after being sent to the hospital in an explosion back in The Maze of Bones, and steal their lead, but they are trapped by Jonah Wizard, who was forced back into the clue hunt by Cora Wizard, the Holts, Alistair Oh, and the Kabras. Hamilton Holt steals the piece of paper with the lead, but Dan rips off the top and bottom, and he and Amy run away while everyone else is fighting over the rest of the lead. - Amy and Dan realize that it leads to Shakespeare's grave site in Stratford-upon-Avon, and are among the last to arrive there. However, they are surprised to find that no one is fighting with each other and are instead making unsuccessful exchanges of clues and information. After the other teams leave, Dan rubs the grave and finds a secret message in which Shakespeare asks them to dig up his grave. - Inside Shakespeare's grave, Amy and Dan find a lead that takes them to the house of the original Cahills—a house on an island off the coast of Ireland. The other teams follow them there, but they are forced to work together as they make their way through the gauntlet, a series of doors with questions about the clue hunt. However, every door except the last is opened, and when they reach the vial that supposedly has the master serum, they find that Isabel Kabra beat them to it. She reveals that the serum is fake and forces them to give her all their clues to save the people they love. However, when Isabel is about to drink it, Ned Starling bursts into the room, and she turns towards him, about to shoot him with her gun. - Everyone unites and charges her, knocking the gun and the serum out of her hands. Only Amy and Dan hold her down while everyone else chases after the serum. In the ensuing fight, Amy destroys the serum, but everyone gives Amy and Dan their clues because they were the only ones that held down Isabel while they all chased after the serum. - After finding their way out of the gauntlet, the teams separate on amiable terms, and Amy and Dan stay behind with Fiske Cahill and Mr. McIntyre, who give them a letter from Grace. They then reveal that the entire Clue Hunt was just a preparation for the battle with another family. Amy and Dan are left in the legal custody of both their Great-Uncle Fiske and Nellie, but the letter makes it clear that their adventures aren't over yet. -",2023-08-26 18:42:21 -José Bernárdez - Wikipedia," - José Bernárdez (1 October 1935 – 12 March 2018) was a Spanish racing cyclist.[1] He rode in the 1964 Tour de France and in five editions of the Vuelta a España.[2][3] He also finished fourth in the road race at the 1961 UCI Road World Championships.[1] - This biographical article related to a Spanish cycling person born in the 1930s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:42:25 -Guillermo Amor - Wikipedia," - Guillermo Amor Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡiˈʎeɾmo aˈmoɾ maɾˈtineθ]; born 4 December 1967) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a versatile midfielder. - After spending most of his career with Barcelona, winning several accolades in a ten-year tenure, he ended it in Scotland with Livingston. Over 12 seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 375 matches and 48 goals. - Amor won nearly 40 caps for Spain during the 1990s, representing the nation in one World Cup and one European Championship. - Born in Benidorm, Alicante, Valencian Community, Amor was a product of FC Barcelona's youth academy, and made his first-team debut in the 1988–89 season under Johan Cruyff, going on to become one of the Catalan team's most influential players as they achieved four consecutive La Liga titles and the 1991–92 European Cup (he did not play in the final against U.C. Sampdoria, however, after being booked in the last group stage match with S.L. Benfica).[1] In 1993–94, as the club conquered the last of a successive four leagues, he appeared in all games except one, scoring a career-best eight goals. Additionally, on 5 April 1990, he opened the scoring in the Copa del Rey final against Real Madrid, helping to a 2–0 win at the Mestalla Stadium.[2] - Amor left Barça at the end of the 1997–98 campaign, with another national championship won, deemed surplus to requirements by new manager Louis van Gaal as longtime teammate Albert Ferrer,[3] having played 421 matches overall only behind club greats Xavi, Migueli and Carles Rexach.[4] He subsequently had his first abroad experience, appearing sparingly for Serie A side ACF Fiorentina[5] over two years and then returning to Spain with Villarreal CF as the latter had just returned to the top division.[6] - Amor retired from football after a short spell with Scotland's Livingston, for which he signed in January 2003,[7] making his debut on the 28th in a 3–1 away victory over Partick Thistle.[8] The Livi Lions eventually narrowly avoided relegation from the Premier League. - Amor represented Spain on 37 occasions, scoring four goals. His debut came in an UEFA Euro 1992 qualifier 2–3 loss in Czechoslovakia on 14 November 1990, and he went on to appear for the nation at both the Euro 1996 and the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In the former competition, on 18 June, he scored against Romania in a 2–1 win, netting in the 84th minute and helping the team to the quarter-finals in England.[9] - Amor's last cap was a sour one, as Spain were downed by lowly Cyprus on 5 September 1998 in a Euro 2000 qualifier (3–2).[10] - After retiring, Amor served a four-year spell at former club Barcelona, being responsible for the youth categories after Joan Laporta was named president in 2003. He left after the board of directors decided not to renew his contract,[11] but returned in July 2010 as technical director of football training. - In late August 2014, Amor was invited to Australia by one of his former colleagues and friend, former Barcelona youth academy coach and manager of Adelaide United FC, Josep Gombau. He spent a month observing and consulting the latter with Adelaide's training, after which he signed a one-year contract to become the technical director.[12] - On 24 July 2015, following the resignation of Gombau due to family reasons, Amor was appointed as head coach prior to the start of the season.[13] He only achieved his first win on the ninth matchday, in a 1–0 win against Perth Glory FC,[14] but went on to lead the team to a club-record 13 clean sheets, including being unbeaten in the last ten home games and winning the last four away.[15] - Amor led Adelaide to the double on 1 May 2016, after a 3–1 defeat of Western Sydney Wanderers FC in the Grand Final.[16] On 10 May of the following year he left the Hindmarsh Stadium,[17] returning to Barcelona as head of youth football alongside former teammate José Mari Bakero.[18] - On 16 December 2007, Amor was involved in a serious traffic collision while travelling from Valencia.[19] Released from hospital after only a week, he later fully recovered.[20] - Amor's son, also called Guillermo (born 2001), played youth football in England with Leeds United.[21][22] - Barcelona - Adelaide United -",2023-08-26 18:42:29 -William Welby-Gregory - Wikipedia," - Sir William Earle Welby-Gregory, 4th Baronet DL (4 January 1829 – 26 November 1898)[1] was a British Conservative Party politician. - He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Grantham at the 1857 general election,[2] and held the seat until he resigned on 14 April 1868 (by taking the post of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds)[3] in order to contest a by-election for South Lincolnshire.[2] He was elected unopposed South Lincolnshire on 29 April, and held the seat until he resigned again on 20 February 1884, this time by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.[3] - In 1863, William married Victoria Stuart-Wortley, by who he had three children. He died on 26 November 1898. - - This biography of a baronet in the baronetage of the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a Conservative Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom representing an English constituency and born in the 1820s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:42:33 -Seoul Cyber University - Wikipedia,"Seoul Cyber University (SCU) (Korean: 서울사이버대학교) is a Korean online university.[1] -SCU is located in Seoul, South Korea, where it has approximately 11,000 enrolled students and 100 faculty members among 9 schools. It has 19 departments.[2] It was selected as Korea's 'Best Cyber University' by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology in 2007 [3] and acknowledged as a comprehensive university in 2008, according to the 'Higher Education Act'.[4] - Seoul Cyber University was established by the Law of Lifelong Education, accredited by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) in November 2000.[5] - The online university's headquarters is located in Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, which is within the vicinity of Mia station on Seoul Subway Line 4. - The regional campuses are located in Incheon Metropolitan City Bupyeong-gu and Busan Metropolitan City Yeongdo, Daegu, Jung-gu, Gwangju, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Anyang, Gangwon.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas37°37′47″N 127°01′38″E / 37.6298°N 127.0271°E / 37.6298; 127.0271 -",2023-08-26 18:42:36 -Cołdanki - Wikipedia,"Cołdanki [t͡sɔu̯ˈdanki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.[1] It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Chojnice and 110 km (68 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. - For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. - The village has a population of 173. - -  WikiMiniAtlas53°37′46″N 17°31′39″E / 53.62944°N 17.52750°E / 53.62944; 17.52750 - - This Chojnice County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:42:40 -Luke Paris - Wikipedia," - Luke Paris (born 11 November 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Uxbridge. Born in England, he represents the Anguilla national team.[2] - Paris made his senior international debut on 5 September 2019 in a 10–0 defeat to Guatemala during the CONCACAF Nations League.[3] - His cousin Calvin Morgan also plays for Anguilla.[1] - - This biographical article relating to Anguillian association football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:42:43 -Reginald Custance - Wikipedia," - Admiral Sir Reginald Neville Custance, GCB, KCMG, CVO (20 September 1847 – 30 August 1935) was a Royal Navy officer. He was the eldest son of General William Neville Custance CB. - Custance joined the Royal Navy in 1860. Promoted to captain on 31 December 1885,[1] he was given command of the cruiser HMS Phaeton in January 1890, of the battleship HMS Barfleur in February 1895 and of the cruiser HMS Blenheim in September 1898.[2] He went on to be Director of Naval Intelligence in March 1899.[3] During his first year as Director, he was promoted to flag rank as a rear-admiral on 1 August 1899.[4] Custance was Prince Louis of Battenberg’s superior in the Naval Intelligence Department and tried to prevent Battenberg’s promotion to succeed him.[5] - In November 1902 Custance was asked to take the position of Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, after the sudden death of Rear-Admiral Burges Watson.[6] He was promoted to vice-admiral on 20 October 1904.[7] He was appointed Second-in-Command of the Channel Fleet in February 1907.[8][9] - Draft notes in Winston Churchill’s papers (Churchill was First Lord of the Admiralty at the time) suggest that in late 1913 Custance, who had been unemployed for six years, was considered for the post of Chief of Naval War Staff. Prince Louis of Battenberg, now First Sea Lord but normally subservient to Churchill's wishes, gave what historian NIcholas Lambert describes as “uncharacteristically fierce resistance” to appointing Custance, his former boss. Instead Doveton Sturdee, a former disciple of Custance, was appointed.[10] - Lord Sydenham of Combe (4 October 1916) and Custance (9 October 1916) complained in letters to The Times that Churchill’s recent statements (Churchill was out of office at the time) that the German High Seas Fleet was effectively blockaded and that surplus forces should be used in offensive operations (similar to the views of naval theorist Julian Corbett) ignored the importance of seeking a decisive victory over the German Fleet. Sturdee also complained in a private memorandum (24 Nov 1916) that Churchill’s policy was “the exact reverse of what he advocated when in office and expressed in public speeches”. Historian Christopher Bell thinks this not quite fair – Churchill had advocated risking old, near-obsolete ships in the attack on the Dardanelles but had never suggested weakening Britain’s superiority over Germany in the North Sea. In articles (The London Magazine December 1916 and January 1917) and in a Commons speech (21 February 1917) Churchill continued to argue that seeking a major naval victory over Germany was unrealistic but that Germany was effectively blockaded even if such a blockade now took place from bases further away from the enemy than in Napoleonic times.[11] -",2023-08-26 18:42:47 -Line 12 (CPTM) - Wikipedia," - Line 12 (Sapphire) (Portuguese: Linha 12–Safira, formerly Line F (Purple), is one of the seven lines operated by CPTM and one of the thirteen lines that make up the Sao Paulo Metro Rail Transport Network, in Brazil.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:42:51 -Andreyanovsky - Wikipedia,"Andreyanovsky (Russian: Андреяновский) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Bukanovskoye Rural Settlement, Kumylzhensky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010.[2] - Andreyanovsky is located on Khopyorsko-Buzulukskaya Plain, 45 km southwest of Kumylzhenskaya (the district's administrative centre) by road. Belenky is the nearest rural locality.[3] - - This Kumylzhensky District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:42:55 -Radhanath Ray - Wikipedia,"Radhanath Ray (28 September 1848 – 17 April 1908) was an Odia writer of initial modernity era in Odia poetry during the later part of nineteenth century. He was born in a Zamindar family in Baleshwar (Bengal Presidency), now in Odisha, and is honoured in Odia literature with the title Kabibara (transl. Poet Boon).[1][2] In his early life, he composed in both Odia and Bengali languages, but later he shifted his writings in Odia only. He was born on 28 September 1848, at Kedarpur village in Baleswar district, Odisha. He has contributed verses and poetry for Odia literature in the nineteenth century. - Though the medieval Odia literature was rich and distinct literary tradition and history, some of the Bengali educationalists wanted to abolish Odia language as the medium of teaching from schools. As Bengal was under by British rule much before Odisha, the Bengalis had the privilege to motivate the Anglicist scholars to prove Odia as a branch of Bengali language. However, John Beams, a British officer of East India Company first tried to prove that Odia is more ancient language than Bengali, and it had a richer literature which Bengali had not. In the Odisha division, there were only seven Odia School teachers; Bengalis formed the majority of teachers, even in the remote areas. Consequently, Bengali text books were prescribed for Odia students. At that time, Radhanath was one of prime figure along with Fakir Mohan Senapati, who fought against the expansionism of Bengali educationalist to eradicate Odia language from Odisha. He was the Inspector of Odisha Schools Association and along with Fakir Mohan Senapati and Madhusudan Rao, he tried to promote text book writings. Radhanath Ray is a respectable person he wrote his Odia poetry very light and clean. - Radhanatha Ray's first major work was Kabitabali, a collection of poems in Bengali written at the age of eighteen. It featured in most of the major newspapers and journals in Kolkatta during that time. His other Bengali poem was Lekhabali. Later, he switched over to Odia language, and wrote famous Kavyas like Kedara Gauri, Nandikeshwari, Chilika, Mahajatra – Jajatikeshari, Tulasistabaka, Urbashi, Darabara, Dasaratha Biyoga, Savitri Charita and Mahendra Giri. Additionally, he wrote more than fifteen essays. Apart from his original works, he is also known for his translations and adaptations from the Latin Literature. They include Usha, Chandrabhaga and Parbati.[3][4] - His writings were inspired by many English Littérateurs like Keats, Scott and Wordsworth. He has contributed to Odia poetry by introducing new forms. He has penned blank-verses,[4] satire inspired by writings of Dryden and Alexander Pope, denunciation of despots, tyrants and oppressors, concern with social problems, a spirit of protest against conventional morality, a disbelief in the power of gods and goddesses, and patriotic sentiments, which finally brought him trouble from his employers. He was viewed as a national poet of the first order in Odisha.[5] - Though Radhanatha contributed a lot to Odia literature, however he was not accepted by the contemporary conservative readers of his time. Soon, he was dragged into a controversy. Sudhala Dev, the then king of Bamanda awarded the poet the title 'Kabibara', and the gesture made some of the critics and poets jealous. Some critics wrote that Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja is more powerful than Radhanatha, and these arguments turned into a serious topic of controversy like modernity versus tradition. Two of the literary journals The Indradhanu and The Bijuli engaged in this controversy, and later all the intellectuals got entangled in this discussion. However, this literary controversy ended with a letter of Radhanath.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:42:59 -"Ségalas, Hautes-Pyrénées - Wikipedia","Ségalas is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France. - - This Hautes-Pyrénées geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:43:04 -Mitbach - Wikipedia,"Mitbach is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Veybach in Euskirchen. - - This article related to a river in North Rhine-Westphalia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:43:08 -Make Your Move (song) - Wikipedia," - ""Make Your Move"" is a song by Christian rock band Third Day. Written by Mac Powell and composed by Third Day, the song was released was serviced to Christian CHR radio in the United States on January 30, 2011, as the third single from the band's 2010 album Move. A southern rock song, ""Make You Move"" features a heavy kick drum and grunge-influenced chorus, while the vocals are distorted during the bridge and take on a muffled effect. Lyrically, the song depicts evangelism for the perspective of a non-believer. - ""Make Your Move"" was met with positive critical reception, with many critics praising the song's rock composition and regarding it as one of the best songs from Move. It peaked at number forty-three on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart and at number twelve on the Billboard Christian CHR chart, also appearing on the year-end chart for the latter. It has been performed live by Third Day on the Make Your Move Tour as well as at other concerts such as Rock the Universe 2011. ESPN picked up the song for use during the 2010 college football season, and played a portion of the song during the Alabama-Penn State football game held on September 11, 2010. - ""Make Your Move"" was written by Mac Powell and composed by Third Day. It was produced and programmed by Paul Moak, while Moak also engineering the song along with Andy Hunt. ""Make Your Move"" was recorded at The Quarry in Kennesaw, Georgia. with additional recording conducted at The Smokestack in Nashville, Tennessee. Mixing was handled by F. Reid Shippen at Robot Lemon in Nashville, Tennessee, while mastering was handled by Chris Athens at Sterling Sound in New York City.[2] ""Make Your Move"" is a southern rock song with a length of three minutes and forty-five seconds.[3] It is set in common time in the key of E minor and has a moderately fast tempo of 142 beats per minute, with a vocal range spanning from D4-E5.[4] The song is propelled by a heavy kick drum,[5] also featuring a grunge-influenced half time chorus and distorted vocals during the bridge; the vocals also take on a ""muffled"" effect.[1] Lyrically, ""Make Your Move"" depicts evangelism from the perspective of a non-believer, with the non-believer urging: ""You got love and I got time / Won't you make a move before I change my mind"".[6] - ""Make Your Move"" received positive critical reception upon its release. Andree Farias of Allmusic selected the song as a 'Track pick' from Move.[3] Chris Carpenter of Christian Broadcasting Network regarded it as ""a foot-thumping rocker that will fuel any commute or long car ride"",[7] C. E'Jon Moore of The Christian Manifesto praised the song as ""a rock solid, in-your-face number"".[8] Moor also stated that the song is ""a testament to Third Day’s versatility as a Christian band. They pull no punches about their faith, but they also create music that is accessible to most people who like rock & roll"".[8] Andrew Greer of Christianity Today commented that ""['Make Your Move'] uses a distorted vocal bridge and grungy half-time chorus groove to depict evangelism from a non-believer's perspective"",[6] while Glen McCarty of Crosswalk.com stated the song ""is propelled by a thudding kick drum""[5] while also regarding it as ""tightly-constructed"".[5] Lindsay Williams of Gospel Music Channel commented that ""Mac Powell’s smoky vocals take on a muffled effect that is both modern and vintage at the same time"".[1] John DiBiase of Jesus Freak Hideout opined that ""'Make Your Move' has that edgy, gutsy rock attitude that ""You Make Me Mad"" had on Conspiracy No. 5""[9] and also described the song's bassline as ""delicious"".[9] Brian Mansfield of USA Today listed ""Make Your Move"" as a download pick from Move.[10] ""Make Your Move"" spent ten weeks on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart, peaking at number forty-three.[11] It also peaked at number twelve on the Billboard Christian CHR chart and spent eighteen weeks on that chart.[12] Billboard ranked ""Make Your Move"" at number forty-three on their 2011 year-end Christian CHR chart.[13] - Third Day premiered ""Make Your Move"" live during a concert in Tualatin, Oregon several months prior to the release of Move.[14] Since the release of Move, Third Day has performed ""Make Your Move"" in concert. At Rock the Universe 2011, Third Day performed ""Make Your Move"" as part of their setlist.[15] They also performed the song at a concert in Joplin, Missouri on March 20, 2011. Third Day later released the live recording, along with the rest of the concert, with all proceeds going toward relief for the tornado that had struck Joplin several months earlier.[16] At a concert as part of their Make Your Move Tour in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania on November 6, 2011, Third Day opened their performance with the song.[17] - ""Make Your Move"" was picked up by ESPN College Football for use during the 2010 college football season.[18][19] ESPN requested that Third Day record video footage of the band performing the song, so as to use portions of the video throughout the football season; Third Day recorded the footage on August 24, 2010 at The Quarry. For the video, a large room was cleared out and ""stadium-looking""[20] lights were set up, and a camera and lighting crew were hired to film the band.[20] ESPN used a portion of the video during the Alabama–Penn State game on September 11, 2010.[21] - Credits adapted from the album liner notes of the 'Deluxe Version' of Move.[2] - - -",2023-08-26 18:43:11 -Dejan Nikolić (footballer) - Wikipedia,"Dejan Nikolić (Serbian Cyrillic: Дејан Николић; born 27 April 1969) is a Serbian football manager and former player. - Nikolić started out with Sloboda Užice and played in the Yugoslav Second League for three seasons (1988–89, 1989–90, and 1990–91).[1][2][3] He also spent some time at Napredak Kruševac (1993–94 and 1994–95) and Mladost Lučani (1995–96),[4] before moving abroad to Belgian club Mouscron in 1996. After returning to his homeland, Nikolić played for Hajduk Kula (1998–99) and Hajduk Beograd (1999–2000) in the First League of FR Yugoslavia. - After hanging up his boots, Nikolić served as manager of numerous Serbian First League and Serbian League West clubs, including Mladost Lučani and Mačva Šabac.[5] He was also manager of Budućnost Krušik 2014 and Kolubara on two occasions.[6][7] - Mačva Šabac -",2023-08-26 18:43:15 -Simo Mfayela - Wikipedia," - Simo Ezra Mfayela (died 28 December 2020) was a South African politician from KwaZulu-Natal who served as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces from May 2019 until his death. He was the sole permanent representative of the Inkatha Freedom Party and the deputy provincial chairperson of the party. Mfayela was the son of the former senator Dingizwe Phineas Mfayela. - Mfayela's father, Dingizwe, was a senator and a senior member of the Inkatha Freedom Party.[1] He is deceased. Mfayela was elected deputy provincial chairperson of the IFP in June 2019, deputising for Thamsanqa Ntuli.[2] - Mfayela was sworn in as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces on 23 May 2019, following the 2019 general election held on 8 May. He was a member of the KwaZulu-Natal delegation and the sole permanent IFP representative.[3] Mfayela received his committee assignments on 24 June.[4] - Mfayela died on 28 December 2020.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:43:18 -Condylolomia metapachys - Wikipedia," - Condylolomia metapachys is a species of snout moth. It was described by George Hampson in 1897, and is known from Brazil.[1] - - This Chrysauginae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:43:21 -William Brunt - Wikipedia,"William Ralph Brunt (October 24, 1902 – July 7, 1962) was a Canadian Senator and a close, personal friend and advisor of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker.[1] - He was born in Hanover, Ontario, the son of a cattle drover and was educated locally. His final year of high school was at St. Andrews where he won the bronze medal for academic achievement. He then attended the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School where he earned his law degree in 1928.[1] He married Helen R. Richardson from Rosetown, Saskatchewan. They had two children, Flora Elizabeth (""Tibby"") and William Ralph Brunt, Jr. - Brunt, a lawyer by profession, was one of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's chief organizers in Ontario. He was appointed to the Senate by Diefenbaker in 1957, shortly after the Conservatives took power, and was deputy Government Leader in the Senate at the time of his death in a car crash.[1] - He and Diefenbaker had been friends for decades and Brunt had backed Diefenbaker in his unsuccessful bids for the leadership of the party in 1942 and 1948 as well as his successful drive at the 1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention. Brunt was one of a small circle of friends who spent election night in 1957 with Diefenbaker in his private railway car[1] and had been at Diefenbaker's side throughout the 1957 election campaign and was also a senior advisor to Diefenbaker during the 1958 election campaign that produced the largest majority government in Canadian history.[2] - - This article about an Ontario politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:43:24 -Guapito - Wikipedia," - Armando Mercado García (born August 27, 1981) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, who works under the ring name Guapito (""The Little Handsome One""). He currently works for the Mexican Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) promotion where he portrays a face (known as a técnico in lucha libre, the protagonists of professional wrestling). He is one of the competitors in CMLL's Micro-Estrella (""Micro-Star"") division where he competes with and against other wrestlers with dwarfism. - He began his career in 2006 working as the masked mascota companion Madrox, sometimes spelled Mandrox, working for AAA as part of their ""Los Alienígenas"" group. In 2007 he began working as Guapito (""The Little Handsome One""), playing a vain, self-obsessed ""Guapo"" character as he worked as a mascota for Shocker and Scorpio Jr. who portrayed similar characters. In 2017 Guapito made his debut in CMLL's Micro-Estrella division. - García's first job in professional wrestling involved him playing the role of ""Mandrox"" (sometimes spelled ""Madrox""), a masked mascota, a diminutive version of a regular-sized wrestler, for an AAA group known as ""Los Alienígenas"".[1] The group consisted of Alliens, Mungo, and Kriptor along with Mandrox, all of whom wore alien inspired masks and bodysuits, essentially pretending to be extraterrestrial wrestlers, communicating mainly with clicking sounds. The group worked primarily with El Alebrije and his diminutive mascota Cuije.[2] - In 2007, AAA began teasing that the Los Guapos VIP group would introduce a new leader to replace Shocker, who had left AAA. García was introduced by AAA under the ring name ""Guapito"", complete with bleach blonde hair, and expensive-looking suits as the leader/mascota of Los Guapos VIP.[3][4] Guapito and Scorpio Jr. unsuccessfully challenged Cuije and El Alebrije for the AAA Mascot Tag Team Championship on December 2, 2007.[5] In 2008 most of Los Guapos VIP (Scorpio Jr., Zumbido, and Guapito) left AAA to work on the independent circuit,[6] but Guapito returned to AAA shortly after without any explanation.[7] At the 2008 Guerra de Titanes show, Guapito accompanied El Brazo for a six-man steel cage match, where the last person in the cage would get his hair shaved off. The match came down to El Brazo and El Elegido when Guapito entered the cage to help out. As Elegido climbed out, El Brazo attacked Guapito, hoping to leave the diminutive Guapito in the cage to get his hair shaved off. Instead Guapito was able to climb out, forcing El Brazo to be shaved bald.[8][9] - On September 14, 2013, as part of International Wrestling League's third anniversary show Guapito, El Gallito and Feliz lost to Chamuel.[10] At the Federación Universal de Lucha Libre Guerra de Leyendas show the team of El Divo, El Hijo de Máscara Sagrada, Lady Apache, and Mascarita Sagrada defeated Guapito, Hator, Rossy Moreno, and Scorpio Jr.[11] - In early 2017 CMLL hired Guapito to help establish a Micro-Estrellas (""Micro-Stars"") division, featuring only wrestlers with dwarfism. The first match of the Micro-Estrellas division took place on April 30, 2017, and saw El Gallito and Microman defeat Mije and Zacarías el Perico in a special featured match, with Guapito refereeing the match.[12][13] By October 2017, Guapito transitioned from being the Micro-Estrella referee to being a competitor, making his debut in the division on October 17.[14] For the first anniversary of the Micro-Estrellas division, CMLL held an eight-micros torneo cibernético elimination match, featuring the entire active Micro-Estrella division at the time.[15] Guapito, Microman, Átomo, and Zacarías took on Mije, Angelito, Chamuel, and El Gallito, which saw Microman pin Chamuel to win the tournament while Guapito was the fifth man eliminated from the match.[16] The Micro-Estrellas appeared at CMLL's Leyendas Mexicanas (""Mexican Legends"") supercard show where Guapito, Microman, and El Gallito defeated Mije, Chamuel and Zacarías in the second match of the night.[17][18] At the 2019 Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (""Homage to two legends"") show, Guapito and his team once again won.[19] - Guapito, Zaracias, and Chamuel teamed up once again for the Arena Coliseo 76th Anniversary show, but once against lost to the trio of Átomo, Gallito, and Microman.[20] With the popularity of the Micro-Estrellas division, CMLL introduced the CMLL World Micro-Estrellas Championship in December 2019.[21] Guapito and five other Micro-Estrellas (Chamuel, Átomo, Gallito, Microman, and Zacarías) were involved in the elimination match to determine the first champion on December 25. Guapito was the second man eliminated, as he was pinned by El Gallito. In the end, Chamuel defeated Microman to win the championship.[22][23] -",2023-08-26 18:43:28 -2021 FIL European Luge Championships - Wikipedia,"The 2021 FIL European Luge Championships were held from 9 to 10 January 2021 in Sigulda, Latvia.[1] This was the fifth time Sigulda hosted the event.[2] - Four events were held. - All times are local (UTC+2). -   *   Host nation (Latvia) This article about sports in Latvia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:43:32 -Boxing at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's 57 kg - Wikipedia,"The men's featherweight (57 kilograms) event at the 2006 Asian Games took place from 2 to 12 December 2006 at Aspire Hall 5, Doha, Qatar.[1] - All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00) -",2023-08-26 18:43:37 -George Benson Hall Jr. - Wikipedia,"George Benson Hall Jr. (1810 – September 4, 1876) was a businessman involved in the Quebec lumber business. On his death, the Quebec Morning Chronicle described him as ""one of Quebec’s most prominent and enterprising citizens"".[1] - He was born in Amherstburg, Upper Canada, the son of George Benson Hall and Angelica Fortier.[1] In 1843, he married Mary Jane Patterson, the daughter of Peter Patterson, and the couple had 10 children together.[2] On the death of his father-in-law, he became seigneur for Beauport, the last person to hold that title.[3] Hall established a milling complex at the Montmorency Falls in 1851, which eventually grew to employ members of 800 families at Beauport.[4] He served as an alderman for Quebec City from 1853 to 1862. Hall died at Montmorency, at the time one of the richest lumber operators in Canada. He was also known for his generosity to the under-privileged of his community.[3] - In The storied province of Quebec, the Hall sawmills at Montmorency are described as ""the greatest in the world"".[5] -",2023-08-26 18:43:41 -SCIEX - Wikipedia,"SCIEX is a manufacturer of mass spectrometry instrumentation used in biomedical and environmental applications. Originally started by scientists from the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, it is now part of Danaher Corporation with the SCIEX R&D division still located in Toronto, Canada. - SCIEX was founded in 1974[1] by Canadian scientists Barry French,[2] a professor at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), Neil Reid, Adele Buckley, and businessman William Breukelman, to develop a mass spectrometer system based on atmospheric pressure ionisation and direct air sampling. Breukelman is also co-founder and former CEO of IMAX Corporation. - In 1981 SCIEX was acquired by MDS Inc., a Canadian medical services and equipment company.[3] A joint venture was formed with PerkinElmer for sales and marketing of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) product line. In 1986, the joint venture was extended to include the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) business, managed through the Applied Biosystems division of Perkin Elmer. - In 2008, Applied Biosystems merged with Invitrogen to form Life Technologies.[4] In 2009 Danaher Corporation paid approximately $1.1 billion[5] to buy SCIEX from MDS and the Applied Biosystems/MDS SCIEX joint venture business from Life Technologies. The business unit now operates as SCIEX within the Life Sciences Division of Danaher and is one of the major players in the global mass spectrometry market estimated (in 2018) at $5.5 billion worldwide.[6] - The first SCIEX product, introduced in 1979, was the TAGA (Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer) quadrupole mass spectrometer system which used atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) for direct air analysis.[7] Use of a cryopumped vacuum system run by a liquid helium compressor allowed the instrument to be mounted in a large van for mobile operation, and operated while in motion to monitor concentrations of air pollutants. In 1981 the TAGA 6000, the first commercial triple quadrupole mass spectrometer[7] was introduced, also in both lab-based and mobile configurations. Systems were acquired by, among others, government environmental agencies in Ontario[8] and New York State, and the USEPA, and have been used in various applications such as tracking fugitive emission plumes from industrial sites,[9] analysis of gases from contaminated homes in the Love Canal area and for air monitoring in the Gulf area after the BP spill in 2010.[10] In 1979 the TAGA 3000 was used for real-time monitoring of toxic gas plumes of chlorine, styrene and other gases released from the Mississauga train derailment and fire[11] providing timely information for emergency personnel.[12] - In 1983 SCIEX introduced the first commercial ICPMS system for inorganic analysis.[13] Shortly after introduction, a joint venture was formed with Perkin Elmer to market and sell this product. The ICPMS joint venture business was fully acquired by PerkinElmer in 2010.[14] - In 1984 a joint venture was formed between MDS SCIEX and British Aerospace to develop a tandem mass spectrometer system for contraband detection. Based on the TAGA platform, the AROMIC was a triple quadrupole instrument that was part of the CONDOR, an integrated contraband detection system for screening shipping containers for the presence of drugs and explosives.[15][16] The CONDOR system consisted of a large X-Ray facility for imaging whole shipping containers, combined with the AROMIC mass spectrometer system to sample container air space for the presence of vapours and particulates indicative of the presence of drugs, alcohol or explosives. Designed for rapid screening of containers at border crossings, systems were sold and installed in two countries in the Middle and Far East.[17] - In collaboration with Professor Jack Henion at Cornell University and Dr. Peter Dawson at the National Research Council of Canada, the first application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was demonstrated on the TAGA 6000 in 1982.[18] This proof of concept lead to the development of the heated nebulizer LC interface for APCI,[19] using pneumatic nebulization to allow the full LC flow to enter the ion source. In 1983 LC-MS-MS using ion evaporation, a spray method similar to electrospray but compatible with higher flow rates of up to 1 mL/min, was demonstrated on the TAGA 6000, but was not commercialized.[20] - The API III LC-MS-MS system introduced in 1989 provided both ion spray (developed by Bruins, Covey and Henion at Cornell University[21]) and heated nebulizer LC inlets on a triple quadrupole platform based on the TAGA 6000 architecture. It was the second commercial LC-MS in the market,[22] and the first that provided electrospray ionization.[23] The atmospheric pressure spray methods of electrospray, ion spray and APCI which helped to drive the burgeoning LC-MS market are now available on a wide variety of MS platforms and from a variety of vendors[23] in an LC/MS market that grew to $3.68 billion by 2019.[24] - In 1998 the cryopump API III platform began to be replaced with turbo-molecular-pumped single and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer products that evolved from the API 2000 (benchtop) and API 3000 to the current API 7500 series. - In the 1990s, collaboration with physicist Ken Standing's group at the University of Manitoba led to the introduction of the QSTAR quadrupole/time-of-flight (QTOF) instrument in 1999,[25] which evolved into the present day line of ZENO TOF 7600 series and benchtop X500-Series products. - In 2010 SCIEX acquired the liquid chromatography business of Eksigent Corporation and now offers a range of liquid chromatographs that couple to their mass spectrometers. The SelectION differential ion mobility spectrometer was introduced as an alternative method of separation in front of the mass spectrometer. - The QTrap, introduced by SCIEX in 1995, is a linear ion trap consisting of a quadrupole mass filter that can act as either a mass filter or a trap/scan mass spectrometer.[26] - In 2002, MDS (at that time owner of SCIEX) and joint venture partner Applied Biosystems, won a $52.6 million judgement against Micromass UK for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 4,963,736 that describes a method of ion focusing using RF fields and gas collisions.[27] -",2023-08-26 18:43:44 -Amax Engineering - Wikipedia," - Amax Engineering was an Australian aircraft manufacturer based in Donvale, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne. When it was in business, the company specialized in the design and manufacture of kit aircraft for amateur construction. The company designed and supplied kits and plans for both fixed-wing aircraft and autogyros.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:43:48 -Cryptandra micrantha - Wikipedia," - Cryptandra micrantha is a flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a prostrate or upright shrub with spiny branchlets, narrowly oblong to elliptic leaves and dense clusters of white or cream-coloured, tube-shaped flowers. - Cryptandra micrantha is a rounded, prostrate or erect, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 in) and has spiny branchlets. The leaves are narrowly oblong to elliptic, 1.3–2.3 mm (0.051–0.091 in) long and 0.0–0.7 mm (0.000–0.028 in) wide, on a glabrous petiole 0.3–0.4 mm (0.012–0.016 in) long with stipules 0.6–1.3 mm (0.024–0.051 in) long at the base. The edges of the leaves are turned down or rolled under, sometimes concealing the lower surface. The flowers are borne in dense, white or cream-coloured clusters 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) wide, surrounded by 4 to 6 egg-shaped bracts. The floral tube is 0.8–1.0 mm (0.031–0.039 in) long and glabrous, the sepals 0.6–0.7 mm (0.024–0.028 in) long and glabrous, and the petals are 0.4–0.5 mm (0.016–0.020 in) long. Flowering occurs from April to August.[2][3] - Cryptandra micrantha was first formally described in 2007 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected near Mount Gibson in 1994.[2][4] The specific epithet (micrantha ) means ""small flower"".[2] - This cryptandra grows in stony places, often on hills and occurs between Canna, Wongan Hills, Boorabbin and Mount Magnet in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo bioregions of south-western Western Australia.[2][3] - Cryptandra micrantha is listed as ""not threatened"" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:43:51 -Xu Liangying - Wikipedia,"Xu Liangying (simplified Chinese: 许良英; traditional Chinese: 許良英; 3 May 1920 – 28 January 2013) was a Chinese physicist, translator and a historian and philosopher of natural science.[1] - Xu was born in Linhai of Taizhou, Zhejiang on May 3 of 1920. Xu graduated from the Department of Physics of Zhejiang University in 1942. Xu was a student of Shu Xingbei and Wang Ganchang. - Xu was an editor of Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报), a major Chinese science journal. Xu was treated unfairly during Mao Zedong's Anti-Rightist Campaign which started in 1957, and he was sent back to his hometown to undergo ""reform through labour"" (laogai). After the end of the Cultural Revolution, Xu was politically rehabilitated and returned to work in Beijing.[2] - Xu was a longtime researcher at the Institute for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院自然科学史研究所). - Xu's main interests were in the history of science, the philosophy of science (especially of physics), and the relations between science and human society. Xu's The Collected Works of Albert Einstein (《爱因斯坦文集》) currently is the most comprehensive Chinese translational version of Albert Einstein's work.[3] - Xu received the second Andrei Sakharov Prize, from the American Physical Society (APS) in 2008.[4] -",2023-08-26 18:43:54 -Ethan Cox - Wikipedia," - Ethan Cox (born July 25, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the Reading Royals of the ECHL. - Cox played attended Colgate University and played four seasons of college hockey with the Colgate Raiders men's ice hockey where he scored 17 goals and 24 assists for 41 points, and earned 70 penalty minutes in 150 games played.[1] - - This biographical article relating to a Canadian ice hockey winger born in the 1980s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:43:57 -Le Ménagier de Paris - Wikipedia,"Le Ménagier de Paris (French: [lə menaʒje də paʁi]; often abbreviated as Le Ménagier; English: ""The Parisian Household Book""[1]) is a French medieval guidebook from 1393 on a woman's proper behaviour in marriage and running a household. It includes sexual advice, recipes,[2] and gardening tips. Written in the (fictional) voice of an elderly husband addressing his younger wife, the text offers a rare insight into late medieval ideas of gender,[3] household, and marriage. Important for its language[4][5] and for its combination of prose and poetry, the book's central theme is wifely obedience.[6][7] - Le Ménagier de Paris was first edited and published in print form as ""traité de morale et d'économie domestique"" by Baron Jérôme Pichon in 1846.[8][9] The book was made available in English translation in its entirety only in 2009, translated and edited by Gina L. Greco & Christine M. Rose and published by Cornell University Press; until that publication, the most complete translation in English was Eileen Power's 1928 The Goodman of Paris.[10] The fact that the ""translation was out of print and permission to photocopy it ... could not be obtained"" inspired the 2009 publication.[11] Since earlier translations and editions have focused mainly on the recipes, the book is often incorrectly referred to as a medieval cookbook or an ""advice and household hints book,""[12] and mined for the history of medieval cuisine. - The book contains three main sections: how to attain the love of God and husband; how to ""increase the prosperity of the household""; and how to amuse, socialize, and make conversation. Like many medieval texts, the argument relies heavily on exempla and authoritative texts to make its point;[13] included are selections from and references to such tales and characters as Griselda[14] and the tale of Melibee (known in English from Chaucer's ""The Clerk's Prologue and Tale"" and ""The Tale of Melibee""), Lucretia, and Susanna.[15] - The Cornell University Press edition divides the actual text into 21 sections, starting with ""The Good Wife's Guide: The English Text of Le Ménagier de Paris,"" ""Prologue,"" and ""Introductory Note to Articles 1.1-1.3"", then followed by the rest of the articles translated from the original source.[16] - The second section of the book, article five, contains the cookbook. Like most of the original resources on medieval cuisine (that is to say, books and manuscripts actually written in the medieval period), its many recipes include information on ingredients and preparation methods, but are short on quantifying anything; most ingredients are given without specifying amounts, and most cooking methods are listed, without specifying amount of heat and time of cooking. - Since this is a standard limitation on references of this type, modern scholars will often attempt extrapolation or trial-and-error experimentation to produce a redaction of the recipe. When working with cookbooks, a ""redaction"" is generally a recipe, using the methods and ingredients of the original, that the modern author/scholar believes will produce a faithful (and, it is to be hoped, edible) reproduction of the product the original cook would have produced. - As is common for cookbooks from early historical period authors, many of the recipes are provided as remedies for common complaints. This is due to the crossover, in medieval works, between herbalism, medicine, and cooking; at times, there appears to be no real difference between them, as books for cooking will include information on herbalism and medicine, and vice versa, to the point where it is hard to determine, at times, which of the above was the primary purpose of the book. - Le Menagier includes a variety of different types of recipes; soups, preparations for meats, eggs, fish, sauces, beverages, pastry, tarts, and so on. - In their introduction, Gina L. Greco and Christine M. Rose mention that Le Ménagier de Paris is ""the only surviving medieval book with this amalgamation of instructional materials"", and while ""other medieval texts of household books, conduct manuals, or hunting treatises resemble this book in some ways, ... none provide just such a comprehensive program of education.""[19] This is not entirely true, however, as the Russian household guide, Domostroy, (while believed to originate from 16th century, the source can still be traced to the 15th) likewise addresses the topics of family, marriage, servitude, and cooking in a manner that resembles that of Le Ménagier. -",2023-08-26 18:44:01 -Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut - Wikipedia," - Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut (French pronunciation: ​[kʁɛvkœʁ syʁ lɛsko], literally Crèvecœur on the Scheldt) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.[3] - Or, 3 crescents gules. (Anneux, Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut, Rumilly-en-Cambrésis, Saint-Souplet and Wargnies-le-Petit use the same arms.) - - - - This Nord geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:44:07 -Holy Myrrhbearers Cathedral - Wikipedia,"Holy Myrrhbearers Cathedral (Russian: Кафедральный Собор Святых Жён-Мироносиц; Azerbaijani: Müqəddəs Mürdaşıyan Zənənlər Başkilsəsi) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral in Baku, Azerbaijan. The church is dedicated to the Holy Myrrhbearers, who are commemorated on the second Sunday after Pascha (Easter).[1] - By 1907, the question arose of improving the accommodation for the soldiers and officers of the 206th Salyan Infantry Regiment - the barracks were scattered throughout the city by that time, and the officers lived in rented apartments also in different parts of the city, where they managed to find suitable housing. The issue was resolved in St. Petersburg in the highest commission for the construction of barracks established under the Military Council on appropriations for construction, the Baku Military Construction Commission inspected the outskirts of the city to select free plots of land for construction and stopped at the area where the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan is now located. However, the place was reconsidered and relocated to the outskirts. - The project was financed by Ministry of War of the Russian Empire and entrusted to the architect Fyodor Verzhbitsky. Groundbreaking started on 19 May 1908 (Julian calendar: 10 May 1908)[2] and construction finished on 22 December 1909. It was consecrated by temporary exarch of Georgia and Bishop of Baku, Gregory (Vakhnin) under the name Regimental Church of the Archangel Michael of the 206th Salyan Infantry Regiment[2] on 16 December 1909. The consecration ceremony was attended by important members of society like Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, Ismayil bek Safaraliyev, Mammad Hasan Hajinski and Stepan Taghionosov, as well as representatives of the Armenian, Muslim and Jewish clergy. - In 1920, it was one of the first places of religious worship to be closed down as a result of Sovietization. It was used first as a warehouse and later as a gymnasium, finally as barracks for paratroopers in 1989-1990. During the Black January of 1990, it was hit by missiles fired by the Soviet troops, and the building was severely damaged. Later on March 2, it was burned due to an accident. - The building was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church during tenure of Ayaz Mutallibov, in 1991.[3] With the financial aid provided by the Azerbaijani-born Russian entrepreneur Aydin Gurbanov, the building was fully restored by 2000. On 27 May 2001, Patriarch Alexius II elevated the church's status to that of a cathedral.[4] - The Holy Myrrhbearers Cathedral holds on to a shrine with the relics of St. Bartholomew the Apostle, who is believed to have been crucified near the Maiden Tower in what is now downtown Baku, Azerbaijan. -  WikiMiniAtlas40°23′23″N 49°49′15″E / 40.3897°N 49.8208°E / 40.3897; 49.8208 - This article on an Eastern Orthodox church building in Azerbaijan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:44:11 -Herman L. Page - Wikipedia,"Herman L. Page (May 27, 1818 – October 15, 1873) was a merchant and Wisconsin politician. He was born in Oneida County, New York, later moving to Nunda, New York, in Livingston County, New York, in 1844.[1] - Page operated a store in the old Pioneer store, 393 East Water, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[2] - In 1853 he became sheriff of the county. He was responsible for starting the detective force in the city. During his term as mayor, he advocated the policy of uniforming the police force.[3] - Page was a very able man but was a renegade. He began his career as an abolitionist, but having high political aspirations he took allegiance to the Democratic Party. He was elected mayor of Milwaukee in 1859. He spent most of his short term of office attacking the former administration of William L. Prentiss.[4] - The Twenty-fourth Infantry Regiment, Civil War was recruited under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Herman L. Page, however, Page resigned before the regiment left the state. - He was an officer in the Odd Fellows, 1851-1853.[5] - Herman Page died while visiting Dresden, Germany in 1873. -",2023-08-26 18:44:14 -List of sports-related people from Mississippi - Wikipedia," -This list contains sportspersons, coaches, and other sports-related people who were born or lived in the U.S. state of Mississippi. For other groups, see List of people from Mississippi. - -",2023-08-26 18:44:20 -Thorgils - Wikipedia,"Thorgils, Torgils, Þorgils, Torgil or Thorgil is a Nordic masculine given name that may refer to -",2023-08-26 18:44:24 -Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot - Wikipedia,"The Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot is a former Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps military facility, located adjacent to Wilbur Wright Field in Riverside, Ohio. - The Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot was constructed on 40 acres (160,000 m2) in 1917 on land purchased by the Army from the Miami Conservancy District. The land bordered Wilbur Wright Field. - Adjacent to it in order to provide support, the Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot provided logistics support to Wilbur Wright Field and three other Signal Corps aviation schools located in the Midwest. Each day the depot received, stored, and issued equipment and supplies to Signal Corps aviation schools in the region. - In 1924, additional land was purchased and the deeds presented to President Calvin Coolidge for the construction of a new aviation engineering center. The entire acreage including the Fairfield Air Depot was designated Wright Field in honor of both Wright brothers. - Between 1925 and 1927, modern new facilities were built. Orville Wright raised the flag over the new engineering center at the official dedication ceremony on 12 October 1927. The merged facilities were renamed Wright Field in honor of the Wright brothers and became headquarters for the Material Division of the United States Army Air Corps. Wright Field retained its flying facilities, with the Fairfield Air Depot supporting its operations as well as the Air Corps engineering center. - The Material Division was responsible for developing advanced aircraft, equipment, and accessories. The Division also procured and provided maintenance for all of these systems and was charged with managing the extensive Air Corps depot system. - The functions of the Division were ultimately broken into two separate commands, the Materiel Command and the Air Service Command. The Materiel Command, headquartered at Wright Field, was responsible for the procurement of airplanes and equipment in production quantities and for sustaining an accelerated program of testing and development. - The Air Service Command, located on Patterson Field, northeast of Wright Field, assumed responsibility for all logistics functions, including maintenance and supply. The Fairfield Air Depot on Wright Field remained active until 1946 when its facilities were moved to Patterson Field as part of Air Service Command. - The location of the Fairfield Air Depot is now the National Museum of the United States Air Force. -  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency. -  WikiMiniAtlas39°46′52″N 84°06′35″W / 39.78111°N 84.10972°W / 39.78111; -84.10972 (Fairfield Air Depot) - This United States military history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This World War I article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:44:27 -Princess sickness - Wikipedia,"Princess sickness, alternatively known as princess complex, princess syndrome or princess disease (Vietnamese: bệnh công chúa; Chinese: 公主病; pinyin: gōng zhǔ bìng; Cantonese Yale: gūng jyú behng; Korean: 공주병; Revised Romanization: gong ju byeong), is a neologism used colloquially in East and Southeast Asia to describe a condition of narcissism and materialism in women, or ""princess"" behaviour.[1][2] Conversely but less commonly, men with a similar outlook may be described as having ""prince"" sickness.[3] - It is speculated that the term originated with the rise of the Four Asian Tigers across Asia, in which rapid economic growth may have contributed to a corresponding rise in consumerist or materialistic attitudes and upper classes investing heavily in their children, who might subsequently become accustomed to material wealth and domestic help.[3][4] - In Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, low birth rates have meant that families often have only children that are the sole focus of their parents' energies.[5] In Mainland China, the resultant phenomenon, often attributed to the former one-child policy, is known as the 'Little Emperor Syndrome'. A combination of helicopter parenting and presence of domestic workers, allowing middle-class parents to work, can contribute to their children being spoilt.[6] A widening income gap in Hong Kong, along with concerns over democracy and social inequality, also reflects the perceived attitudes of the 'elite' classes.[7][8] - Furthermore, social mobility in East Asia is primarily based on personal and academic achievement.[9] For that reason, parents may place a great deal of academic pressure on both children and their teachers, micro-managing their child's academic career to achieve higher grades.[10][11] Some suggest that this results in dependence or a lack of responsibility. -",2023-08-26 18:44:30 -Buccochromis spectabilis - Wikipedia," - Buccochromis spectabilis is a species of haplochromine cichlid. It is endemic to Lake Malawi in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania.[1] It lives in shallow waters near the lake shore.[2] - - This Cichlidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:44:34 -Seismic migration - Wikipedia,"Seismic migration is the process by which seismic events are geometrically re-located in either space or time to the location the event occurred in the subsurface rather than the location that it was recorded at the surface, thereby creating a more accurate image of the subsurface. This process is necessary to overcome the limitations of geophysical methods imposed by areas of complex geology, such as: faults, salt bodies, folding, etc.[1][2][3] - Migration moves dipping reflectors to their true subsurface positions and collapses diffractions,[4] resulting in a migrated image that typically has an increased spatial resolution and resolves areas of complex geology much better than non-migrated images. A form of migration is one of the standard data processing techniques for reflection-based geophysical methods (seismic reflection and ground-penetrating radar) - The need for migration has been understood since the beginnings of seismic exploration and the very first seismic reflection data from 1921 were migrated.[5] Computational migration algorithms have been around for many years but they have only entered wide usage in the past 20 years because they are extremely resource-intensive. Migration can lead to a dramatic uplift in image quality so algorithms are the subject of intense research, both within the geophysical industry as well as academic circles. - Seismic waves are elastic waves that propagate through the Earth with a finite velocity, governed by the elastic properties of the rock in which they are travelling. At an interface between two rock types, with different acoustic impedances, the seismic energy is either refracted, reflected back towards the surface or attenuated by the medium. The reflected energy arrives at the surface and is recorded by geophones that are placed at a known distance away from the source of the waves. When a geophysicist views the recorded energy from the geophone, they know both the travel time and the distance between the source and the receiver, but not the distance down to the reflector. - In the simplest geological setting, with a single horizontal reflector, a constant velocity and a source and receiver at the same location (referred to as zero-offset, where offset is the distance between the source and receiver), the geophysicist can determine the location of the reflection event by using the relationship: - where d is the distance, v is the seismic velocity (or rate of travel) and t is the measured time from the source to the receiver. - In this case, the distance is halved because it can be assumed that it only took one-half of the total travel time to reach the reflector from the source, then the other half to return to the receiver. - The result gives us a single scalar value, which actually represents a half-sphere of distances, from the source/receiver, which the reflection could have originated from. It is a half-sphere, and not a full sphere, because we can ignore all possibilities that occur above the surface as unreasonable. -In the simple case of a horizontal reflector, it can be assumed that the reflection is located vertically below the source/receiver point (see diagram). - The situation is more complex in the case of a dipping reflector, as the first reflection originates from further up the direction of dip (see diagram) and therefore the travel-time plot will show a reduced dip that is defined the “migrator’s equation” :[5] - where ξa is the apparent dip and ξ is the true dip. - Zero-offset data is important to a geophysicist because the migration operation is much simpler, and can be represented by spherical surfaces. When data is acquired at non-zero offsets, the sphere becomes an ellipsoid and is much more complex to represent (both geometrically, as well as computationally). - For a geophysicist, complex geology is defined as anywhere there is an abrupt or sharp contrast in lateral and/or vertical velocity (e.g. a sudden change in rock type or lithology which causes a sharp change in seismic wave velocity). - Some examples of what a geophysicist considers complex geology are: faulting, folding, (some) fracturing, salt bodies, and unconformities. In these situations a form of migration is used called pre-stack migration (PreSM), in which all traces are migrated before being moved to zero-offset. Consequently, much more information is used, which results in a much better image, along with the fact that PreSM honours velocity changes more accurately than post-stack migration. - Depending on budget, time restrictions and the subsurface geology, geophysicists can employ 1 of 2 fundamental types of migration algorithms, defined by the domain in which they are applied: time migration and depth migration. - Time migration is applied to seismic data in time coordinates. This type of migration makes the assumption of only mild lateral velocity variations and this breaks down in the presence of most interesting and complex subsurface structures, particularly salt.[6] Some popularly used time migration algorithms are: Stolt migration,[7] Gazdag[8] and Finite-difference migration.[9] - Depth Migration is applied to seismic data in depth (regular Cartesian) coordinates, which must be calculated from seismic data in time coordinates. This method does therefore require a velocity model, making it resource-intensive because building a seismic velocity model is a long and iterative process. The significant advantage to this migration method is that it can be successfully used in areas with lateral velocity variations, which tend to be the areas that are most interesting to petroleum geologists. Some of the popularly used depth migration algorithms are Kirchhoff depth migration, Reverse Time Migration (RTM),[10] Gaussian Beam Migration[11] and Wave-equation migration.[12][13] - The goal of migration is to ultimately increase spatial resolution and one of the basic assumptions made about the seismic data is that it only shows primary reflections and all noise has been removed.[5] In order to ensure maximum resolution (and therefore maximum uplift in image quality) the data should be sufficiently pre-processed before migration. Noise that may be easy to distinguish pre-migration could be smeared across the entire aperture length during migration, reducing image sharpness and clarity. - A further basic consideration is whether to use 2D or 3D migration. If the seismic data has an element of cross-dip (a layer that dips perpendicular to the line of acquisition) then the primary reflection will originate from out-of-plane and 2D migration cannot put the energy back to its origin. In this case, 3D migration is needed to attain the best possible image. - Modern seismic processing computers are more capable of performing 3D migration, so the question of whether to allocate resources to performing 3D migration is less of a concern. - The simplest form of migration is that of graphical migration. Graphical migration assumes a constant velocity world and zero-offset data, in which a geophysicist draws spheres or circles from the receiver to the event location for all events. The intersection of the circles then form the reflector's ""true"" location in time or space. An example of such can be seen in the diagram. - Migration of seismic data is the correction of the flat-geological-layer assumption by a numerical, grid-based spatial convolution of the seismic data to account for dipping events (where geological layers are not flat). There are many approaches, such as the popular Kirchhoff migration, but it is generally accepted that processing large spatial sections (apertures) of the data at a time introduces fewer errors, and that depth migration is far superior to time migration with large dips and with complex salt bodies. - Basically, it repositions/moves the energy (seismic data) from the recorded locations to the locations with the correct common midpoint (CMP). While the seismic data is received at the proper locations originally (according to the laws of nature), these locations do not correspond with the assumed CMP for that location. Though stacking the data without the migration corrections yields a somewhat inaccurate picture of the subsurface, migration is preferred for better most imaging recorder to drill and maintain oilfields. This process is a central step in the creation of an image of the subsurface from active source seismic data collected at the surface, seabed, boreholes, etc., and therefore is used on industrial scales by oil and gas companies and their service providers on digital computers. - Explained in another way, this process attempts to account for wave dispersion from dipping reflectors and also for the spatial and directional seismic wave speed (heterogeneity) variations, which cause wavefields (modelled by ray paths) to bend, wave fronts to cross (caustics), and waves to be recorded at positions different from those that would be expected under straight ray or other simplifying assumptions. Finally, this process often attempts to also preserve and extract the formation interface reflectivity information imbedded in the seismic data amplitudes, so that they can be used to reconstruct the elastic properties of the geological formations (amplitude preservation, seismic inversion). There are a variety of migration algorithms, which can be classified by their output domain into the broad categories of time migration or depth migration, and pre-stack migration or post-stack migration (orthogonal) techniques. Depth migration begins with time data converted to depth data by a spatial geological velocity profile. Post-stack migration begins with seismic data which has already been stacked, and thus already lost valuable velocity analysis information. -",2023-08-26 18:44:37 -Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist - Wikipedia," - Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist is an academic medical center and health system located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and part of Charlotte-based Atrium Health. It is the largest employer in Forsyth County, with more than 19,220 employees and a total of 198 buildings on 428 acres. In addition to the main, tertiary-care hospital in Winston-Salem known as Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, the Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Health system operates five community hospitals in the surrounding region. The entity includes: - The medical center was ranked for 2015-16 by U.S. News & World Report as among the nation's best hospitals in seven areas: Cancer, Ear, Nose & Throat, Gastroenterology & GI Surgery, Nephrology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Pulmonology, and Urology. It is ranked as high-performing in five additional adult specialties: Cardiology and Heart Surgery, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Geriatrics, Gynecology, and Orthopedics. Brenner Children's Hospital, a 144-bed ""hospital within a hospital"" at the medical center, is nationally ranked in Orthopedics by U.S. News & World Report.[1] Wake Forest provides a variety of medical services. It affiliates with multiple local medical centers for children and adults. - Wake Forest College Medical School was founded as a two-year medical school on the campus of Wake Forest College in Wake Forest, North Carolina, in 1902.[2] North Carolina Baptist Hospital was established in 1923 as an 88-bed community hospital in Winston-Salem. The will of a president of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. gave about $750,000 to move the medical school to Winston-Salem and make it a four-year institution. Named after its benefactor, Bowman Gray School of Medicine opened in Winston-Salem in 1941, affiliating with N.C. Baptist Hospital to create ""The Miracle on Hawthorne Hill"". - Brenner Children's Hospital, a 144-bed ""hospital within a hospital"", opened in 1986. In 1997, the institutions realigned as Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center. In 2011, as part of the institution's move to become a unified structure, the corporate entity was rebranded as Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. Clinical operations throughout a 24-county service area in northwest North Carolina and southwest Virginia now fall under the umbrella of Wake Forest Baptist Health, and the academic component is now known as Wake Forest School of Medicine.[3] - In 2002, Wake Forest Baptist began operating the Davie County Hospital in Mocksville, which was built in 1956 and expanded in 1965 and 1974.[4] Davie Medical Center in Bermuda Run opened Medical Plaza 1 in August 2013, and Medical Plaza 2 in October 2013.[5] The second plaza added an emergency department and operating room, among other features.[6] A $47 million, 78,220-square-foot 50-bed expansion opened April 3, 2017. Inpatient services were moved from the Mocksville location.[7] - On October 1, 2008, Lexington Memorial Hospital affiliated with Wake Forest Baptist.[8] Since then, the two institutions have helped each other with research and patient care. - In July 2017, Wake Forest Baptist began a 30-year lease with Wilkes Medical Center after an agreement with North Wilkesboro.[9] WFB and WMC had already been working together for nearly a decade, and decided to expand their services together. - On October 25, 2017, Wake Forest Baptist and High Point Regional Health System announced that Wake Forest Baptist would take over High Point Regional, a part of UNC Health Care since 2013, by summer 2018.[10] The change was touted as a way to encourage the growth of High Point Regional and expand its ability to care for patients. - On April 10, 2019, Wake Forest Baptist and Atrium Health in Charlotte, North Carolina, signed a memorandum of understanding as the first step toward a partnership. On October 31 the companies said an agreement had been reached and, pending regulatory approval, the partnership would be completed March 31, 2020. At the time it was announced that a medical school in Charlotte could be built by 2021 or 2022.[11] On October 9, 2020, the companies announced they would become one, with the name Atrium Health.[12] More specific details about the medical school were revealed in February 2021, including plans for a seven-story tower, and on March 24, 2021, Atrium Health announced a 20-acre site at Baxter and McDowell streets. School of Medicine dean Dr. Julie Ann Freischlag said construction would start in 2022, with the first students attending in 2024. Charlotte is currently the largest city in the country without a four-year medical school.[13] - Effective August 18, 2021, the branding changed to Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist.[14] - The hospital is a Level I trauma center serving the entire Piedmont region of North Carolina. It also houses one of three Level I Pediatric Trauma Centers in North Carolina. It also offers a pediatric emergency department, and pediatric and neonatal intensive-care units.[15] It is also home to AirCare, the hospital's critical-care transport service, which operates ground ambulances as well as three helicopters at the critical-care level.[16] - The Wake Forest Innovations division operates Wake Forest Innovation Quarter, a mixed-use center in downtown Winston-Salem that is a hub for some of the world's foremost biotechnology, materials science and information technology research. Key tenants in the park are the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM), which is working to engineer replacement tissues and organs and develop healing cell therapies for more than 40 different areas of the body, and Inmar, an information technology company that employs 900 people. - Wake Forest Baptist Health operates 16 free-standing outpatient dialysis centers, which are located throughout the Triad and the Western Piedmont region, allowing patients to access dialysis services close to home; it is the largest academically owned and operated dialysis operation in the country. In 2012, a Joslin Diabetes Center opened at one of Wake Forest Baptist Health's locations in Winston-Salem, offering multidisciplinary care to diabetes patients; Joslin is an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, an international leader in diabetes research, care and education and in advanced research into nicotine receptors and its social impact.[17][18] - Wake Forest Baptist Health also operates a network of subsidiaries and affiliate hospitals, including Wake Forest Baptist Health–Lexington Medical Center, a 94-bed acute-care facility in Lexington, NC, and Wake Forest Baptist Health–Davie Medical Center, which includes a 25-bed inpatient hospital in Mocksville, NC, and an outpatient campus in Bermuda Run, N.C., featuring a 24/7 emergency department, imaging and diagnostic services, and various specialty health and medical offices.[1] Most recently Wake Forest Baptist Health affiliated with Wilkes Regional Medical Center, now called Wake Forest Baptist Health–Wilkes Medical Center, a 130-bed inpatient hospital in North Wilkesboro, NC, with a 30-year lease agreement.[19] - The Childress Institute for Pediatric Trauma was established in 2008 through a donation by Richard Childress and his wife, Judy.[20] The institute's mission is to lead national efforts to reduce death and disability following injury to children less than 18 years old.[21] Pediatric trauma is the No. 1 killer of children ages 1–18 in America. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 10,000 children die each year from trauma – more than all other causes combined.[22] The Childress Institute, located at Wake Forest Innovation Quarter, is focused on funding research and medical education throughout the U.S. to improve treatment, as well as raising public awareness about the magnitude of pediatric trauma.[23] - The School of Medicine's Coy C. Carpenter Library and Dorothy Carpenter Medical Archives are named after the first dean of the school, Coy Cornelius Carpenter, M.D., and his wife, Dorothy (Mitten) Carpenter. -The library and archives support clinical missions, educational research, staff and patrons of the Medical Center.[2][24] -  WikiMiniAtlas36°05′25″N 80°16′11″W / 36.0904119°N 80.2697653°W / 36.0904119; -80.2697653 -",2023-08-26 18:44:41 -Bolhrad - Wikipedia,"Bolhrad (Russian and Ukrainian: Болград, romanized: Bolhrad, pronounced [boɫˈɦrɑd]; Bulgarian: Болград, romanized: Bolgrad; Romanian: Bolgrad, Gagauz: Bolgrad), is a small city in Odesa Oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Budjak. It is the administrative center of Bolhrad Raion (district) and hosts the administration of Bolhrad urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 14,818 (2022 estimate).[2] -  Russian Empire (Bessarabia) 1821–1856 - Principality of Moldavia 1856–1859 - Romania 1859–1878 - Russian Empire (Bessarabia) 1878–1917 - Moldavian Democratic Republic 1917–1918 - Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940 - Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) 1940–1941 - Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944 - Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) 1944–1991 - Ukraine 1991–present - Bolhrad was founded in 1821 by Bulgarian settlers in Bessarabia, under the direction of General Ivan Inzov who is ""revered"" by Bolhrad residents as the ""Founder of Our City.""[3] Bolhrad became part of Moldavia from 1856 to 1859, Romania from 1859 to 1878, 1918 to 1940, and 1941 to 1944, before being incorporated into the USSR (in the territory of the Ukrainian SSR), and later independent Ukraine. In 1921, there was a terrorist attack on a palace in the city.[4] - Transfiguration Cathedral - Bolhrad High School - The surrounding Bolhradsky district is predominantly populated by ethnic Bulgarians (a majority of 61%). Bolhrad itself is inhabited by a large number of Bessarabian Bulgarians and is considered by locals to be the unofficial capital of the Bessarabian historic district of Budjak. - As of 1920, Bolhrad has had a coal industry.[5] - The Georgi Sava Rakovski Bolhrad High School founded in 1858 is the oldest high school of the Bulgarian National Revival.[6][7] -",2023-08-26 18:44:45 -1959 Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball) - Wikipedia,"The 1959 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 8th season of the top tier men's basketball in Iceland. It was organized by Körfuknattleiksráð Reykjavíkur[1] and started on 15 March 1959[2] and ended on 17 April 1959.[3] ÍS won its first title by posting the best record in the league.[3][4] - The participating teams played each other once for a total of 3 games and the top placed team won the national championship. If two teams where tied at the season's end in first place, an extra game would be played for the championship. The 1959 tournament used was the first one to use the new rulebook, translated by Bogi Þorsteinsson and Benedikt Jakobsson.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:44:48 -Tapini Rural LLG - Wikipedia,"The Tapini Rural LLG is a local-level government area situated in the Goilala District of the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. In 2000, the LLG had 1,685 households, and a population of 7,315 (3,793 men and 3,522 women).[1] The LLG has a President and a Deputy President, and elections are normally held every five years after the national elections in September.[2] - The area contains the town of Tapini, and is divided into ten wards: - - This Central Province geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:44:52 -South African Class GH 4-6-2+2-6-4 - Wikipedia," - The South African Railways Class GH 4-6-2+2-6-4 of 1928 was an articulated steam locomotive. - In 1928, the South African Railways placed two Class GH 4-6-2+2-6-4 Double Pacific type passenger versions of the Class U Union Garratt articulated steam locomotive in service. The Union Garratt design embodied the Garratt design at the front end and the Modified Fairlie design at the rear end.[1][2][3][4][5] - The Class GH, the heavy passenger version of the Class U Union Garratt, was designed and built by Maffei in Munich, Germany, to the specifications of Colonel F.R. Collins DSO, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the South African Railways (SAR). Two locomotives were delivered in 1928, numbered 2320 and 2321. They were erected at the Salt River shops in Cape Town.[1][3][4][5] - If the same classification practice as that which was used for Garratt and Mallet locomotives had been followed, the Classes GH and U Union Garratts should have been designated Class UA and Class UB respectively. During the design phase of the two Union Garratt types, they were designated classification letters in the regular SAR Garratt range as Classes GH and GJ respectively. When orders were placed with the manufacturers, however, the Class designation of the Class GH was retained while that of the Class GJ Double Prairie type was changed to Class U. The reasoning behind this inconsistency is not known.[6][7] - The locomotives were superheated and had round-topped fireboxes, bar frames, Walschaerts valve gear and Z-ported cylinders with short-lap, short-travel valves. The design of the two Union Garratt types deviated from the Garratt principle, the patent of which was held by Beyer, Peacock and Company, and the end results were hybrid locomotives, part Garratt and part Modified Fairlie. The front end of the locomotive was of a typical Garratt arrangement with a water tank mounted on the front engine unit's frame, while the rear end was constructed in the Modified Fairlie fashion with the coal bunker mounted on a rigid extension of the locomotive's main frame and with the pivoting rear engine unit positioned beneath the coal bunker.[1][5][8] - Since the rear bunker carried only coal, an additional large underbelly water tank under the boiler compensated for the resulting diminished water capacity. All the engine's water was carried in the front bunker tank and in the underbelly water tank, with a combined capacity of 6,000 imperial gallons (27,000 litres), while the rear bunker had a coal capacity of 13 long tons 10 hundredweight (13.7 tonnes). The main frame therefore carried the smokebox, boiler, firebox, cab, coal bunker, as well as the underbelly water tank.[1][2][5] - The Class GH were massive and powerful locomotives and, having been designed for passenger service, were built for speed with their large 60 inches (1,524 millimetres) diameter coupled wheels. With their 60 square feet (5.6 square metres) firegrates, they were equipped with mechanical stokers of the duplex type. One reason which was put forward for the construction of the rear end of the Union Garratts on the Modified Fairlie principle was to enable their coal bunkers to be rigidly in line with their boiler frames to ensure a satisfactory arrangement for the installation of mechanical stokers. The subsequent designs of the Classes GL and GM Garratts showed that this precaution was unnecessary.[1][2] - The Modified Fairlies and the Union Garratt variations of it were not successful in South Africa and they suffered from the same shortcomings.[1] - On the Union Garratts, as on the Modified Fairlies, the frames were prone to metal fatigue and cracking, brought about by the long frame overhang at the rear beyond the engine unit pivot centre. The overhang, laden with the coal bunker which extended completely beyond the rear engine unit's pivot centre was subjected to severe vertical oscillation while the locomotive was in motion and this led to structural weakening of the frame over time.[1][6] - In addition, since the coal bunker was mounted on the frame instead of on the engine unit, the rear pivot bearings were subject to quite rapid wear since they carried a considerable additional vertical load compared to those on a purebred Garratt. As was the case with the Modified Fairlies, this resulted in increased frequency of maintenance and as a consequence, increased operating cost.[1][5][6] - The Class GH was acquired for working the named fast passenger trains of the era, the Union Express and Union Limited, and was initially shedded in Cape Town. The service career of the Class GH had a rough start, however, since on the first trip it was discovered that it exceeded the loading gauge in width. It returned to Salt River minus its steps and sundry fittings after having scraped the platforms of every station along its route. Considerable modifications had to be carried out before the two locomotives could be placed back in regular service.[1] - The Class GH made several trips working the Union Express out of Cape Town and was capable of taking the train up Hex River Railpass without a banker, but they were not as successful as had been hoped and they were soon taken off that duty. Their mechanical stokers also proved to be troublesome and were eventually removed. They were transferred to Natal and worked on the Natal mainline north of Glencoe for the rest of their service lives. Both were withdrawn from service by 1958.[2][5][8] - Class GH Union Garratt staged at Glencoe, Natal, c. 1950 -",2023-08-26 18:44:56 -Michael Novak - Wikipedia," - Michael John Novak Jr. (September 9, 1933 – February 17, 2017) was an American Catholic philosopher, journalist, novelist, and diplomat. The author of more than forty books on the philosophy and theology of culture, Novak is most widely known for his book The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism (1982). In 1993 Novak was honored with an honorary doctorate at Universidad Francisco Marroquín[6] due to his commitment to the idea of liberty. In 1994 he was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, which included a million-dollar purse awarded at Buckingham Palace. He wrote books and articles focused on capitalism, religion, and the politics of democratization. - Novak served as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights in 1981 and 1982 and led the US delegation to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in 1986.[7] Additionally, Novak served on the board of directors of the now-defunct Coalition for a Democratic Majority, a conservative anti-Communist faction of the Democratic Party, which sought to influence the party's policies in the same direction that the Committee on the Present Danger later did. Novak was George Frederick Jewett Scholar in Religion, Philosophy, and Public Policy at the American Enterprise Institute. In 2004, he claimed to be a lifelong Democrat, while noting that he has supported many Republican candidates.[8] - Novak was born on September 9, 1933, in Johnstown, Pennsylvania,[9] to a Slovak-American family, the son of Irene (Sakmar) and Michael J. Novak.[10][11] He was married to Karen Laub-Novak, a professional artist and illustrator, who died of cancer in August 2009. They have three children (Richard, Tanya, and Jana) and four grandchildren. - Novak earned a Bachelor of Arts degree summa cum laude in philosophy and English from Stonehill College in 1956, a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome in 1958, and a Master of Arts degree in history and philosophy of religion from Harvard University in 1966. Novak attended Harvard University to study philosophy and religion, intending to obtain a doctorate in philosophy of religion. Novak stated that he thought the philosophy department was too focused on analytic philosophy, neglecting religion.[citation needed] He left Harvard after receiving his master's degree and began work as a writer. - Novak worked as a correspondent for the National Catholic Reporter during the second session of the Second Vatican Council in Rome, where he also got the opportunity to fulfill a book contract for a fellow reporter who was not able to complete the project. The result was Novak's second book, The Open Church, a journalistic account of the events of the second session of the council. - His writings at the time were criticized by the more conservative factions in the church, and apostolic delegate Egidio Vagnozzi advised US churchmen to silence him.[12] - Early in his career, Novak published two novels: The Tiber Was Silver (1961) and Naked I Leave (1970). At the time, he considered the modest $600 advance to be ""a fortune.""[13] - Novak proposed that the white ethnic was a distinct race of whites from WASPs who had attempted to erase their cultural heritage and assimilate them. He supported the notion of separate but equal while rejecting multiculturalism and melting pot theory. He argues that white ethnics will reject assimilation and live separately from other races. He argues that African Americans and white ethnics should unite due to their common class struggle while also denouncing ""socialist"" integration policies that ""unfairly"" supported women and African-Americans to the detriment of taxpaying ""white ethnics"".[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] - Novak's friendship with the Presbyterian theologian Robert McAfee Brown during the Second Vatican Council led to a teaching post at Stanford University, where he became the first Roman Catholic to teach in the humanities program. Novak taught at Stanford University from 1965 to 1968, during the key years of student revolt throughout California. During this period, he wrote A Time to Build (1967), discussing problems of belief and unbelief, ecumenism, sexuality, and war. In 1968, he signed the ""Writers and Editors War Tax Protest"" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.[21] In A Theology for Radical Politics (1969), Novak makes theological arguments in support of the New Left student movement, which he urged to advance the renewal of the human spirit rather than merely to reform social institutions. His book Politics: Realism and Imagination includes accounts of visiting American Vietnam War deserters in France (""Desertion""), the birth and development of the student movement at Stanford (""Green Shoots of Counter-Culture"") and philosophical essays on nihilism and Marxism. - Novak left Stanford for a post as dean of a new ""experimental"" school at the newly founded State University of New York at Old Westbury, Long Island. - Novak's writings during this period included the philosophical essay The Experience of Nothingness (1970, republished in 1998), in which he cautioned the New Left that utopianism could lead to alienation and rootlessness. Novak's novel Naked I Leave (1970) chronicles his experiences in California and in the Second Vatican Council and his journey from seminarian to reporter. - After serving at Old Westbury/SUNY from 1969 to 1972, Novak launched the humanities program at the Rockefeller Foundation in 1973–1974. In 1976, he accepted a tenured position at Syracuse University as University Professor and Ledden-Watson Distinguished Professor of Religion. In the fall semesters of 1987 and 1988, Novak held the W. Harold and Martha Welch chair as Professor of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame. - In the spring of 1978, Novak joined the American Enterprise Institute for Social Policy Research as a Resident Scholar, a position he held for more than a decade. He would later stay with the American Enterprise Institute as the George Frederick Jewett Chair of Religion, Philosophy, and Public Policy, and as the Institute's Director of Social and Political Studies.[22] - Novak was a frequent contributor to magazines and journals including First Things and National Review. In 1994, he was a signer of the document Evangelicals and Catholics Together. On December 12, 2007, Novak declared his support for the presidential candidacy of Republican Mitt Romney.[23] - In 2012, he authored an article entitled 'The Moral Imperative of a Free Economy' in The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs, published by the George W. Bush Presidential Center. - Novak was a founding board member of the Institute on Religion and Democracy. He was also a founding member of the Board of Trustees of Ave Maria University and was a member of the Ave Maria Mutual Funds Catholic Advisory Board. A portrait of Novak by Igor Babailov hangs in the Canizaro Library on campus.[24] - In 2016 he joined the Tim and Steph Busch School of Business and Economics of the Catholic University of America as a distinguished visiting professor.[25] - Novak died of complications from colon cancer February 17, 2017, in Washington, D.C., at the age of 83.[26][27] -",2023-08-26 18:45:00 -1973 Costa Rican census - Wikipedia,"Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos[1] -Centro Centroamericano de Población[2] - The Costa Rica 1973 census was elaborated by then Dirección General de Estadística y Censos, predecessor of current National Institute of Statistics and Census. The total population was at the moment 1,871,780. - This article about government in Costa Rica is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:45:04 -Maxim Boilard - Wikipedia,"Maxime Boilard (sometimes listed as Maxim Boilard, born June 26, 1978) is a Canadian sprint canoer who competed from the mid-1990s through 2004. He was born in Quebec City, Quebec. His career highlight was a fourth-place finish in the C-1 500 m event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He also won two silver medals in the C-4 1000 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in 2002 and 2003. He was a silver medalist in the C-2 500 m event at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg.[1] - Since his paddling career ended, Boilard has become a successful businessperson in Quebec, founding CANU, a company that supports corporate leadership development. In 2008 and 2012, Boilard served as a French-language analyst for Radio Canada and Reseau des Sports at the Olympic Games, covering canoe-kayak and rowing.[2] In 2008, he was selected as a member of the Governor General's Canadian Leadership Conference.[3] - - This article about a Canadian canoeist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:45:07 -List of songs recorded by Taeyeon - Wikipedia," - This is a complete list of songs by South Korean singer Taeyeon. - Daren Rauer -",2023-08-26 18:45:11 -Dhaka Attack - Wikipedia," - Dhaka Attack (Bengali: ঢাকা অ্যাটাক) is a Bangladeshi police action thriller film produced by Bangladesh Police Paribar Kallyan Samity Ltd., Three Wheelers Ltd. and Splash Multimedia.[3] It features Arifin Shuvoo, Mahiya Mahi, ABM Sumon and Taskeen Rahman in lead roles. It was directed by Dipankar Dipon and written by Sunny Sanwar. The film was distributed by The Abhi Kathachitra and Swapna Scarecrow.[4][5][6][7][8] The film won the ""Best Film"" award in 42nd Bangladesh National Film Awards. - The story centers on the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) Elite Forces' fierce operation against a terrorist organization, the attack is part of a plot by few foreign intelligence agencies to destabilize the country, in order to destroy the country's defense layers.[9] The film stars Arifin Shuvo as the Assistant Commissioner of DMP, and the in-charge of Bomb Disposal Unit. Sumon played the role of a commander of SWAT Force. The film also features Afzal Hossain as the DMP Commissioner, Shatabdi Wadud as Intelligence officer, and Mahiya Mahi as a news reporter.[10][11] - Superintendent of Police (SP) of Rangpur Biplob Kumar Sarkar in Dhaka attack movie scene. - The filming officially began on 29 December 2015 at Pan Pacific Sonargaon. The film was first announced by Three Wheelers Films during early 2015, The film was to be directed by Dipankar Sengupta and Arifin Shuvo and Mahiya Mahi were signed as the lead actors. Riaz Uddin Ahamed Siddique was confirmed to join the cast in September 2015, but later opted out and replaced by ABM Sumon.[12] The movie was shot in Dhaka, Chittagong, Bandarban and Mumbai. The first poster of the film released on 6 October 2017. - The film's costumes were designed by Nazmee Jannat and Sunny Sanwar. Nazmee said in an interview that whole team preferred ""a very 'real' look"", similar to that of Bangladesh Police, and wore relevant dresses those go with different critical situation throughout the movie.[13] - The soundtrack of Dhaka Attack was composed by Adit, DJ Rahat, Dabbu, Automonal Moon and Arindom.[9] Indian singer Arijit Singh made his Bangladeshi debut, who has previously sung for India-Bangladesh co-productions.[14] - The film was released in three languages: Bengali, Malay, and English.[15] The film was released on 6 October 2017 in Bangladesh, with worldwide release due on 20 October 2017.[16][17] -",2023-08-26 18:45:14 -5th Brigade (Japan) - Wikipedia,"The 5th Brigade (Japanese: 第5旅団) is one of eight active brigades of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The brigade is subordinated to the Northern Army and is headquartered in Obihiro, Hokkaidō. Its responsibility is the defense of North Eastern Hokkaidō. - The brigade was formed on 29 March 2004 with units from the disbanded 5th Infantry Division. - note 1: Infantry Regiments have only battalion strength. -",2023-08-26 18:45:18 -Navigant Consulting - Wikipedia,"Navigant Consulting, Inc. was an American management consultancy firm. It had offices in Asia, Europe and North America; the head office was in Chicago, Illinois. The stock was a component of the S&P 600 index. Navigant was acquired by Guidehouse in 2019. - The company was formed in 1983 by Richard Metzler as The Metzler Group Inc.; it provided management consultancy to businesses in the energy and other regulated industries. It was listed on NASDAQ in October 1996, under the ticker symbol METZ. In July 1999, the name was changed to Navigant Consulting, Inc.; the stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange soon afterwards. William M. Goodyear became chairman and CEO of the company in 2000.[3] - In 2005, the company was accused of overcharging Los Angeles County in a contract to work at Martin Luther King Jr.-Harbor Hospital in Willowbrook, CA. County auditors rejected over $206,000 in expenses, including unauthorized first-class airfares to and from Los Angeles, and determined that Navigant had deleted from their to-do list a number of tasks and goals that they had failed to accomplish.[4] Despite Navigant's work, King-Harbor failed to meet federal standards for Medicare funding in 2006,[5] prompting the county to undergo a radical restructuring plan for the hospital.[6] - In 2012, Julie Howard replaced Goodyear as CEO.[7] In April 2018, the company partnered with Baptist Health South Florida to form a joint venture providing revenue cycle management to healthcare organizations.[8][9] The dispute and investigative division of the company was sold to Ankura Consulting in August 2018.[10][11] -",2023-08-26 18:45:23 -Chiasognathus grantii - Wikipedia," - See text - Chiasognathus grantii is a species of stag beetle found in Argentina and Chile.[2] It is known as Darwin's beetle, Grant's stag beetle, or the Chilean stag beetle.[3][4] - The male's oversized jaws are crucial in its objective to secure a mate. It climbs trees, often climbing many meters, searching for a female. As it climbs and searches for females, it also seeks out other males in the vicinity. When two males meet, they fight. Males use their jaws in combat: they hook them under the opposite beetle's wings, pull up and throw their opponent to the ground (from 20 meters above, as they are in great trees most of the time).[5] Charles Darwin collected the species in Chile during the second voyage of HMS Beagle, and, despite the enlarged mandibles of the males, he noted that the jaws were ""not so strong as to produce pain to finger"".[6][7] - Chiasognathus grantii is one of the seven species belonging to the genus Chiasognathus.[8] It belongs to the subfamily Lucaninae, the largest subfamily in the stag beetle family Lucanidae. C. grantii is also known locally as ciervo volante, cantaria, and cacho de cabra in Spanish and llico-llico in the Mapuche language.[3] - Synonyms of this species include:[9] - Chiasognathus grantii is very variable in size and in the development of the jaws and exhibits a strong sexual dimorphism. Males can reach a length of 60–90 millimetres (2.4–3.5 in) including the mandibles, while females are much smaller, having a body length of 25–37 millimetres (0.98–1.46 in). The upper mandibles of the males are very robust at the base, finely serrated and longer than the body itself. The eyes are small and the antennae have a whorl of hairs at the apex. The thorax is broad and the anterior and posterior margins are densely ciliated with short pale hairs. Elytrae are chestnut-brown, with slightly greenish iridescent tinges and finely granulated.[10] - C. grantii is considered a rare and vulnerable species, with a high probability of extinction,[11] mainly as a consequence of the global climate change.[citation needed] The adults of these beetles primarily feed on tree juices, while the larvae eat dead wood. - Chiasognathus grantii lives in temperate/subantarctic Nothofagus forests. -",2023-08-26 18:45:26 -Viliame Seruvakula - Wikipedia,"Viliame Seruvakula is a former Fijian military officer who played an instrumental role in the aftermath of the 2000 Fijian coup d'état. He is the son of former politician Ratu Semi Seruvakula.[1] - He attended Ratu Sukuna Memorial, Queen Victoria and Lelean Memorial Schools. He was a member of the Deans Trophy winning Lelean Under-19 Team side that defeated Ratu Kadavulevu School in the Fiji Secondary Schools Rugby Union (FSSRU) competition finals in 1979.[2] - Seruvakula joined the army in the early 1980s and served in the Sinai Peninsula and in Lebanon from 1986 to 1987 as a platoon commander in the Charlie company of the First Battalion, Fiji Infantry Regiment. He opposed the 2000 coup, and when rebels from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit mutinied at Suva's Queen Elizabeth Barracks on 2 November 2000, he led the third infantry battalion in a counter-offensive to retake the barracks from the rebels.[3][4] - Following the mutiny, Seruvakula made some controversial statements in the media. He alleged that he had been offered F$250,000 to support George Speight's attempted coup in May,[5][6][7] and that former Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka (who led two coups in 1987) had incited the mutiny and attempted to overthrow the military commander, Commodore Frank Bainimarama.[8][9] His police statement became the subject of several investigations,[10] and Rabuka was charged but ultimately acquitted as a result of his allegations.[11] - Seruvakula joined the New Zealand Army in 2001.[6] He resigned from the military in early 2006 to take up a post with the Peace and Security division of the United Nations.[12] - -",2023-08-26 18:45:29 -Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Essex district - Wikipedia," - Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Essex district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of the city of Haverhill in Essex County.[1][2] Democrat Andy Vargas of Haverhill has represented the district since 2017.[3] - The current district geographic boundary overlaps with that of the Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex district.[4] - The district previously covered: - Leslie Morse - Essex Abbott - Joseph Curtis - Carl Woekel - Katherine Alena Foley - Louis Scanlon - Harvey Pothier - Charles Anthony - Charles Sumner - Francis Hatch - Frank Emilio - Brian Dempsey - ",2023-08-26 18:45:34 -Uganda women's national 3x3 team - Wikipedia,"The Uganda women's national 3x3 team is a national basketball team of Uganda, administered by the Federation of Uganda Basketball Associations (""FUBA"").[1] - It represents the country in international 3x3 (3 against 3) women's basketball competitions. -",2023-08-26 18:45:38 -Afjan - Wikipedia," - Afjan (Persian: افجان, also Romanized as Āfjān and Afjān; also known as Āfchūn, Afshūn, and Apihūn)[3] is a village in, and the capital of, Karvan-e Sofla Rural District of Karvan District, Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan province, Iran. - At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,572 in 407 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 1,530 people in 488 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,491 people in 483 households.[2] - - This Tiran and Karvan County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:45:42 -"Hickory Withe, Tennessee - Wikipedia"," - Hickory Withe is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, Tennessee, United States, and is within the Memphis metropolitan area. For several years it functioned as an incorporated town, and was so treated at the 2000 census, at which time it had a population of 2,574.[2] - Hickory Withe is located in western Fayette County at  WikiMiniAtlas35°13′N 89°35′W / 35.217°N 89.583°W / 35.217; -89.583 (35.2236, -89.5819),[3] within the postal code of the community of Eads, which is located in eastern Shelby County. It is bordered to the south and east by the town of Oakland. Tennessee State Route 196 passes through the community, leading north 6.5 miles (10.5 km) to Gallaway and south 1 mile (1.6 km) to U.S. Route 64 in the western part of Oakland. Via US 64, downtown Memphis is 31 miles (50 km) to the west. - According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had a total area of 28.4 square miles (74 km2), of which 28.3 square miles (73 km2) was land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), or 0.38%, was water.[2] - As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 2,574 people, 980 households, and 803 families residing in the town. The population density was 90.9 inhabitants per square mile (35.1/km2). There were 1,016 housing units at an average density of 35.9 per square mile (13.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 82.32% White, 16.24% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.04% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population. - There were 980 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.1% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.0% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.90. - In the town the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 33.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males. - The median income for a household in the town was $57,292, and the median income for a family was $62,857. Males had a median income of $42,024 versus $28,550 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,368. About 2.4% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over. - The community of Hickory Withe was settled in 1834 by families who moved from the region around Prosperity, South Carolina. - One of the first acts of these settlers was to form the congregation of Prosperity Presbyterian Church, which was founded on the fourth Sunday of December, 1834. This congregation united with another Presbyterian congregation, Mt. Pleasant Presbyterian Church, in 1907 to form Hickory Withe Presbyterian Church, which is still active today.[4] That church, meeting in an historic property on Donelson Drive, is all that remains of what once was ""Main Street"" of Hickory Withe: Donelson Drive used to be home to a post office, a general store, a cotton gin, and a two-room school house, in addition to the church. The school facility was deeded to the Hickory Withe Presbyterian Church in 1974, and is maintained today; the remaining businesses and buildings have been removed, leaving only residences and the church.[5] - Efforts to incorporate Hickory Withe led to revisions of Tennessee laws regarding incorporation and annexation. In the mid-1990s supporters of the idea of incorporating Hickory Withe went to Lieutenant Governor John S. Wilder, who was from nearby Braden and had represented the area in the Tennessee Senate since 1966, with the idea of sponsoring a bill which would allow Hickory Withe to incorporate, something which could not be accomplished under the then-existing law. Wilder learned that he could not introduce an act allowing only for the incorporation of Hickory Withe as this would be rejected by the courts as unconstitutional, so it was necessary for any act to help Hickory Withe to incorporate to be worded in a broad enough fashion to allow any similar area in Tennessee which also desired to incorporate to do so as well. The eventual bill which passed was drawn in such a way as to allow almost any previously-unincorporated area to incorporate, and several attempted to do so, including, famously, an apartment building near Elizabethton. The resulting legislation became known, somewhat derisively, as the ""Tiny Towns Bill"". Most of the towns which were set up, or were attempted to be set up under the act, seemed primarily to be efforts to prevent areas from being annexed by larger jurisdictions which charged property tax. The Tennessee Supreme Court struck down the new legislation on November 19, 1997, less than a year after it entered the books.[6] Corrective legislation enacted since has required any new town being set up to have a property tax rate set as a condition of its incorporation (and that rate cannot be ""zero""). Towns set up under the ""Tiny Town"" law, like Hickory Withe, were not automatically dissolved with the act's repeal, although some have subsequently taken this step. - Hickory Withe is predominantly semi-rural and agricultural. The primary agricultural product cultivated in and around the community is cotton. Horse farming is also a significant agricultural land use. - The community has seen more recent residential development as a result of the eastward expansion of the Memphis urban area and the completion of the Memphis outer beltway (now I-269) in nearby eastern Shelby County. -",2023-08-26 18:45:47 -Albert S. Rodda - Wikipedia,"Albert S. Rodda Jr. (July 23, 1912 – April 3, 2010) was a California State Senator. - Born in Sacramento, California, Rodda graduated from Sacramento High School in 1929 before receiving an A.B. in 1933 and an A.M. in 1934, both in history, from Stanford University, where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. After teaching for several years in Sacramento high schools, Rodda entered the United States Navy Reserve and was a gunnery officer in World War II.[1] Leaving the Navy Reserve in 1946, he started teaching at Sacramento City College. In 1951, Rodda received a Ph.D. in history and economics from Stanford.[2] - A Democrat, Rodda won a 1958 special election to the California State Senate to represent the 19th District to fill the vacancy from the death of Earl D. Desmond, defeating Desmond's son and two other Democrats.[2] He was re-elected six times but was defeated in 1980 in an upset by a newcomer, John Doolittle.[1][3] - Rodda's best-known legislative legacy is SB 160, enacted in 1975 and taking effect in 1976, which established collective bargaining for California's public school teachers.[4] - Shortly after Rodda's departure from the Senate, the California State Treasurer Jesse M. Unruh appointed Rodda as Executive Secretary of the Commission on State Finance. In 1983, Rodda left the Commission and was elected to the board of trustees of the Los Rios Community College District. He left the board in 1992. In 1980, the Los Rios Community College District Board named a new administrative-classroom complex at Sacramento City College as Rodda Hall.[1] - Rodda met Clarice Horgan, an English teacher, when they both taught at Grant Union High School. They married in 1941 and had one son and two daughters.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:45:51 -Isabel Campoy - Wikipedia,"Isabel Campoy (born June 25, 1946 in Alicante, Spain) is an author of children's books, poetry, and pedagogical resources.[1] Central to Campoy's work is the promotion of bilingual education.[2] - F. Isabel Campoy was born in Alicante, Spain on June 25, 1946. Her father was a professor of English and her mother a tailor. Campoy first came to the US at the age of 16 as an AFS Intercultural Programs exchange student for one year of high school in Trenton, Michigan. She received her degree in English Philology at the Complutense University of Madrid in 1973 and completed post-graduate courses at University of Reading. She returned to the US as a Fulbright Scholar to continue her doctoral studies at UCLA.[3] In 1981, she emigrated permanently to the United States where she worked as the senior acquisitions editor for foreign languages in the College Division of Houghton Mifflin in Boston. In addition to writing, Campoy has also served on numerous advisory boards, such as the San Francisco Public Library, Leap Frog, and American Reading Company.[4] In 2012, the California Association of Bilingual Educators (CABE) established ""The Isabel Campoy Teachership Award"" given annually in her honor.[5] In 2013, Campoy was named a Collaborating Member of the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.[6] Campoy currently resides in San Rafael, California.[7] - Campoy's writing of over 150 titles covers a broad range of genres, from children's literature, poetry, textbook reading programs, and pedagogical books.[1] Her children's books and poetry illuminate on the richness of the Latino culture and her strong belief in the power of transformation and social justice.[8] Campoy frequently collaborates with Alma Flor Ada to author reading programs for Harcourt School Publishers, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Santillana, and Frog Street Press.[9] She is the co-author (with Alma Flor Ada) of Gateways to the Sun / Puertas al Sol and has edited a number of anthologies of traditional folklore, poetry, and plays. - Campoy has also translated extensively from English into Spanish for authors such as Mo Willems, Gary Soto, Alice Schertle, Audrey Wood, Kathleen Krull, Lois Ehlert, Ellen Stoll Walsh, Mem Fox, and Gerald McDermott. - (all with Alma Flor Ada) - [coauthored with Alma Flor Ada. CDs with music and voice by Suni Paz] -",2023-08-26 18:45:55 -Kiss Me Once - Wikipedia," - Kiss Me Once is the twelfth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, released on 14 March 2014 by Parlophone. It is her first studio release since 2010's Aphrodite, and marks Minogue's first and only album with Roc Nation, handled by American rapper and businessman Jay-Z. They both enlisted several songwriters and producers such as Sia, Cutfather, Greg Kurstin, Pharrell Williams, and MNEK. Musically, it was recognised by music critics as Minogue's return to contemporary pop music, incorporating musical elements of dance-pop, disco, electropop, and R&B. Lyrically, the songs focus on themes such as romance, sex, self-empowerment, and having fun. - Upon its release, Kiss Me Once received generally favorable reviews from most music critics. The majority of them complimented Minogue's charm and vocal delivery, alongside her return to contemporary pop music. However, critics were polarised towards the content and production; some felt the material was fun, but majority dismissed its memorability and felt it lacked innovation on Minogue's behalf. Commercially, the album performed moderately worldwide, reaching the top 10 in regions such as Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain and France. It is her fourth highest-charting album on the US Billboard 200, peaking at number 31. However, the overall lack of success for Kiss Me Once prompted Minogue to leave Parlophone, citing artistic differences. - ""Into the Blue"" and ""I Was Gonna Cancel"" were released as the album's main singles; the former experienced moderate success on several countries, while the latter failed to generate a similar success. The album tracks: ""Million Miles"", ""Sexercize"", ""Sexy Love"", and ""Beautiful"" were promoted as radio tracks in different worldwide regions. To further promote the album, Minogue commenced her Kiss Me Once Tour in September 2014, and finished in March 2015; by April 2015, the concert tour amassed $21 million ticket sales and released an accompanying live album and concert DVD in Glasgow, Scotland. - In 2012, Minogue began a year-long celebration for her 25 years in the music industry, which was often known as ""K25"". The anniversary started on 3 March with her 20-minute medley performance at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in front of 15,000 people.[1][2] Two weeks later, Minogue embarked the Anti Tour in Australia and the UK, featured B-sides, demos and rarities from her music catalogue.[3] She released the single ""Timebomb"" in May, before releasing the greatest hits album The Best of Kylie Minogue in June. Minogue announced two releases in October: the compilation album The Abbey Road Sessions that features reworked and orchestral versions of her previous songs which were recorded at London's Abbey Road Studios;[4] and the K25 Time Capsule box set that contained 25 mini-CDs.[5] - Following the release of Minogue's orchestral compilation album The Abbey Road Sessions (2012), she parted ways with her long-term manager Terry Blamey and his team, and announced a musical hiatus.[6][7] Then, in February 2013, she announced via Instagram and Twitter that she signed a management contract with American rapper and businessman Jay-Z's imprint Roc Nation.[8] Following the announcement that same month, British publications reported about Minogue's 12th studio album and commented that she had been collaborating with Australian musician Sia, which Minogue confirmed.[9] In May 2013, Minogue commented to American magazine Rolling Stone that the album was ""bringing out something different... which is cool"". She also recognised that she had to ""do something different"", but added that the album ""will maintain the DNA of what a Kylie track is, because I'm on it. I like to try and move the goalpost and experiment with different sounds.""[10] - Minogue began initial sessions for the album in January 2012 in London and Los Angeles.[11] Throughout March–July, Minogue announced collaborations with Norwegian team Stargate, American producer Darkchild, American rapper Brooke Candy, MNDR, and will.i.am via Twitter.[12][13][14][15] On 27 May, one day before Minogue's 45th birthday, she teased information about an ""interesting"" collaboration, later revealed as a duet with Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias.[16] -In February 2014, Minogue confirmed Sia as the album's executive co-producer. Minogue stated in an interview with American website Idolator that ""I got on with her so well... I asked her if she would executive-produce. I was hoping she would say yes. I didn't know if it was something she had done or was interested in, or if maybe she just preferred writing and doing her own music.""[17] That same month, she commented to American Billboard magazine; ""I felt like I needed a new landscape, and once you've got your feet on the ground you're raring to go. [...] So far the support has been great, and it's just another part of this amalgamation of 'new' that I had wished for and was struck by.""[18] - Minogue enlisted several songwriters and producers to create the album, including Sia, Cutfather, Greg Kurstin, Pharrell Williams, and MNEK amongst others.[19] Minogue recorded majority of the album in Los Angeles and New York City, with additional recording and mixing handled in London.[19] In an interview with The Huffington Post, Minogue revealed that she and Furler had recorded several tracks that did not appear on the final cut in comparison to her previous album Aphrodite (2010). Minogue recalled that the number of tracks that did not appear collated into ""three albums"" in ""three genres"": a ""pure pop"" album, a ""dancy-urban"" album, and an ""indie"" album. She also said both she and Furler selected tracks from each they felt represented Kiss Me Once at the time.[20] Regarding the recording process, she revealed to Colleen Quill at Radio.com, ""Compared to the early days for me, I'm really comfortable in the studio. I record really fast, my leads, my backing vocals and the harmonies. I'm kind of like a machine doing that.""[21] - Musically Kiss Me Once has been described by critics from publications such as Timeout.com, The Guardian, and Clash Magazine as Minogue's return to contemporary pop music.[22][23][21] According to Quill, she stated that the album was a form of return to ""pure pop"" that also incorporated elements of dance music.[21] Tim Sendra, writing for AllMusic, categorised the album as ""an intoxicating blend of uptempo dance tracks, funky club cuts, sexy midtempo jams, and the occasional ballad.""[24] NME's Ben Cardew noted elements of contemporary R&B and dubstep in some of the tracks, including ""Sexercize"" and ""If Only"".[25] Similarly, Kitty Empire from The Observer felt the album was ""rooted"" with R&B music and incorporated elements of funk, disco, and electronic dance music (EDM).[26] - The album opens with ""Into the Blue"", which Minogue describes lyrically as an ""escape"" and ""free"".[27] The track was described by Matt Bagwell from The Huffington Post as a ""euphoric"" and ""melancholy"" track, and was labelled ""age-appropriate dance-pop"".[28] ""Million Miles"" was compared to the work of Dragonette, where it was commented by PopMatters critic Ryan Lathan that it featured real instrumentation including electric guitars and keyboards; he later concluded it as an electropop song.[29] According to Minogue, the idea of the third track, ""I Was Gonna Cancel"", came about when she attended a recording session with American producer Pharrell Williams and ""burst into tears""; then onwards, Williams composed the track inspired by Minogue's moment.[30] She was booked with Williams for only one day throughout the entire process of the album, leading to only two tracks finished by him.[27] Bagwell compared the ""electro funk"" sound to her 2003 album Body Language.[28] ""Sexy Love"" was one of the first of three tracks on the album that represented ""sex"", a recurring theme on the album; according to Lathan, it is a ""disco-pop"" anthem.[29] Paul Keevers from SameSame felt it was the ""offspring"" to Minogue's 2008 single ""Wow"".[31] ""Sexercize"", the second of ""sex"" songs, was criticized by several critics for its ""dated"" dubstep/brostep production and lyrical content.[32] The sixth track, ""Feels So Good"", is a cover song that was adapted from the demo track ""Indiana"" written and recorded by Tom Aspaul; Bagwell labelled it a ""mid-tempo electro"" recording.[33] - According to Lathan, the first R&B entry, ""If Only"", ""begins with a brief synth chordal progression before giving way to the steady sound of stadium-size handclaps, which form the basis of the song's marching rhythm.""[29] The final track that represents the ""sex"" theme is ""Les Sex"", which Minogue described her favourite out of the trio set.[27] Joe Muggs from Fact Magazine felt the lyrical content was slightly campy and described it as an ""electro"" song.[32] The title track, ""Kiss Me Once"", was appreciated by music critics as a return to Minogue's ""romantic"" lyrical content instead of sex.[28] Described as a mid-tempo pop song that resembled her 1980s releases, Levine from Attitude compared the quality and production style to the title track from her previous studio album.[34] The album's only pop ballad and duet, ""Beautiful"", was heavily criticized for its overuse of Auto-tune and vocoder techniques, but commended for its lyrical hook during the chorus.[28] Minogue revealed that she did not meet Iglesias to record the track, as she was in Paris at the time.[27] The album's standard edition closer was ""Fine"", the only co-written track by Minogue. An empowerment anthem that utilizes musical elements of electro and house music, it was heavily commended by critics as an ""accomplishment"" to Minogue's back catalogue.[34][29][35] The album's bonus tracks: ""Mr. President"" and ""Sleeping With the Enemy"" were noted by critics as electro entries; the former was described by Bradley Stern from MuuMuse as ""silly fun"", and using samples of Marilyn Monroe's ""Happy Birthday, Mr. President"" speech, and the latter was noted as ""dreamy"" and ""lush.""[36] - English fashion stylist William Baker shot the artwork for Kiss Me Once.[37] After a week of teasing on social media, Minogue revealed the album title and cover artwork on 24 January 2014.[38][39] The artwork shows Minogue closing her eyes and pursing her red lips for a kiss.[38] The close-up shot of Minogue was taken behind a sheet of wet glass.[40][41] The piece gave Carolyn Menyes of Music Times a sense of drama and desire,[42] while Robbie Daw of Idolator described it as ""warm, colorful and perfectly pop"".[43] From the same publication, Mike Wass opined that the flirtatious cover leaves a strong visual impression and indicates Minogue has ""really brought her inner-sex kitten"" for the album.[40] Seamus Duff of Metro viewed the artwork as a ""silent plea to America to open the window and let her in"".[44] - A week before its release in the UK, Kiss Me Once was made available for streaming in full on the official website of The Guardian on 10 March.[45][46] The album was first released in Australia and Germany by Warner Music on 14 March.[47][48] Three days later, the album was made available in European countries and the UK in two versions: a 11-track standard version, and a deluxe version featured two bonus tracks ""Mr. President"" and ""Sleeping With the Enemy"".[49][50] Kiss Me Once was released in North America on 18 March, and distributed a day later in Japan; the latter region featured two bonus tracks: ""Sparks"" and a remix of ""Into the Blue"" by Japanese musician Yasutaka Nakata.[51][52] In Europe, a special double-12-inch vinyl was issued on 17 May and featured a bonus digital download code for the bonus tracks.[53] Minogue's website distributed a limited edition box set that restricted physical units to 3,500 worldwide.[54][55] On 8 December 2014, Parlophone and Warner Music Group re-released the album on the iTunes Store; it included several live performances at the iTunes Festival.[56] On the censored version of the album in South Africa, ""Sexy Love"" is titled ""Love"", ""Sexercize"" is titled ""Exercize"" and ""Les Sex"" is retitled ""We Could Call It"".[57] - On 13 February 2014, Minogue gave a surprise live performance of ""Into the Blue"" and ""Les Sex"" at the Old Blue Last Pub in Shoreditch.[58][59] Four days later, she released an album-sampler video of 11 standard tracks on YouTube, featuring 50-second snippets of each song.[60][61] In March, she performed ""Into the Blue"" in several television programs in the UK, including the semi-final episode of The Voice UK and the fundraising event Sport Relief 2014.[62][63] Two intimate concert shows were held in London (18 March) and Melbourne (25 April), where Minogue performed several tracks from Kiss Me Once.[64][65] She went on to perform ""I Was Gonna Cancel"" at the 2014 Logie Awards, her first appearance at the award show in 25 years. Minogue was accused of lip-syncing to the performance, which she later denied a day later.[66][67] - In August, Minogue performed a seven-song set at the 2014 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony, among them were ""Into the Blue"" and ""Beautiful"".[68] The ceremony was watched by an average of 6.8 million viewers.[69] Streaming platform Amazon Music reported a 669% sales increase for Kiss Me Once within 24 hours after the show.[70] She embarked the Kiss Me Once Tour in Liverpool in September 2014.[71] The concert tour traveled through the United Kingdom, Europe and Australia.[71][72] The staging of the tour was inspired by detailed geometry and Bauhaus aesthetics.[73] The concert tour achieved $17 million throughout ticket sales in Europe,[74][75] and an additional $4 million throughout Australia.[76] An accompanying live album and concert DVD was released on 23 March 2015, which was shot in Glasgow, Scotland in November 2014.[77] Minogue's performance on 27 September, as a part of 2014 iTunes Festival, was streamed live and made available on the iTunes Store for a limited time.[78][79] - Two official singles were spawned from Kiss Me Once. ""Into the Blue"" was released as the lead single on 27 January 2014.[38][80] Its digital and vinyl releases in March included the dance-pop B-side track ""Sparks"".[81][82] -The single's artwork shows Minogue wearing a see-through crochet dress.[83][84] The music video for ""Into the Blue"" was directed by Dawn Shadforth, featuring French actor Clément Sibony as Minogue's love interest.[85][86] The single peaked at number 46 in her native Australia, and number twelve in the UK.[87][88] In the United States, ""Into the Blue"" peaked at the top of the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart.[89] The second single, ""I Was Gonna Cancel"", was issued on 22 April as a digital remix bundle and a seven-inch vinyl.[90] Directed by Dimitri Basil, an accompanying music video was filmed at Docklands Studios Melbourne, Minogue's first video to be filmed in Melbourne since ""Better the Devil You Know"" (1990).[91][92] The video, which shows Minogue stands among a bustling crowd, sparked controversy as several dancers stated they were unpaid for the 11-hour shoot;[93][91] Minogue and Basil later denied these claims.[92][94] The single peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart and number 59 on the UK Singles Chart.[89][95] - A year prior to the album release, on 28 May 2013, Minogue posted the dubstep track ""Skirt"" on SoundCloud.[96][97] ""Skirt"" served as a buzz single for Kiss Me Once; it did not appear on the album, but was re-released as a digital EP on the iTunes Store in June.[98] That month, an accompanying lyric video was published on Nowness, featuring more than 1,000 still photos shot of Minogue posing in a hotel room.[99][100] ""Crystallize"", another track did not make into the final tracklist, was released as a charity single for the fundraising campaign One Note For Cancer on 26 May 2014.[101][102] Originally intended to be included on the Japanese edition of Kiss Me Once, ""Golden Boy"" was released exclusively on 7"" vinyl on 19 April 2014 for Record Store Day.[103][104] An official music video for ""Sexercize"" was released on 19 March, in which Minogue doing gymnasium exercises in erotic positions.[105] Minogue further promoted ""Sexercize"" by launching the sexercize.tv website, where she showcased several visual interpretations of ""Sexercize"".[106] ""Sexy Love"" served as a promotional single in Australia in June, before ""Million Miles"" was sent to Spanish radio in July.[107][108] ""Beautiful"" was sent to the radio in the UK on 15 February 2014, before its digital release in Australia on 14 March.[109][110] - Kiss Me Once received generally positive reviews from music critics.[118] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews by music critics, the album received an average score of 66, based on 19 reviews, which indicates ""generally favorable reviews"".[111] Writing for AllMusic, Tim Sendra commended Kiss Me Once as a ""glittering, fun, and surprisingly powerful album that's classic Kylie through and through.""[24] Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine believed that Kiss Me Once is better than a typical Minogue album, even though the material did not have enough commercial appeal like her previous efforts.[35] Ben Cardew of NME said the album proved that ""after 26 years in the business, Kylie can still pull off a very modern pop album.""[25] Ryan Lathan from PopMatters examined that Kiss Me Once was one of Minogue's album's that did not showcase any re-inventions or was not a ""game-changing album"", but ""it should churn out enough hits to secure her place on the pop culture radar until her next offering.""[29] Spin magazine editor Brittany Spanos noted the album's lacked ""cohesion"", but stated ""Therein lies the strength of Kiss Me Once: Minogue's ability to turn any contrived situation into something positive, magical, and utterly her own.""[117][116] - Marc Hirsh from Boston Globe criticized the track ""Sexercize"", but ultimately said about the album; ""It's the album's only genuine misstep, but it's still perplexing, hearing a Minogue that can do wrong.""[119] Joe Muggs from Fact magazine awarded it 3.5 points out of 5. Muggs felt majority of the album contained too many fillers and exemplified the songs ""Les Sex"", ""I Was Gonna Cancel"", and ""Sexercize"", but commended the overall production, Minogue's vocal deliveries in most tracks, and the quality.[32] Similarly, Entertainment Weekly writer Adam Markovitz graded it B− and criticized the ""sex"" tracks. However, he complimented Minogue's ""plucky"" charm and felt it was more a treat to her fanbase.[120] Kitty Empire from The Observer said ""Polished but kittenish, Kiss Me Once remains true to the effervescent dance-pop for which Kylie is known. But the scenery around this album has altered profoundly.""[26] Neil McCormick from The Telegraph awarded it three stars, and complimented her ""charm"", the album's hooks, and the overall electronic sound, but criticized her lack of innovation through the production and songwriting field.[121] The Guardian's Alexis Petridis also awarded the album three stars and listed it as his album of the week of 13 March 2014. He commented that the overall release was ""glossy and depthless"", and concluded ""Her voice isn't the strongest, the lyrics are woeful and filler abounds – but Kylie hasn't lost her knack for producing a superior brand of pop..."".[23] - However, the album attracted criticism for the production and certain material, alongside Minogue's lack of innovation. Chris Bosnan from Consequence of Sound graded it C+, and exclaimed that the overall package represented ""chameleonic"" qualities and ended ""This eclecticism yields a booming, fun pop record that is refreshing by not attempting to be anything other, though that same inessentialism keeps the record from reaching transcendence.""[114] However, he criticized the second half for its ""boisterous"" production and felt it ""lost momentum"", apart from the track ""Fine"".[114] Annie Zalenski from The A.V. Club was less enthusiastic, who gave it C−. She felt the material ""drain[ed]"" Minogue's original pop sound, and said ""Kiss Me Once is a disappointing record that tries too hard to mold Minogue into something she's not.""[113] Lydia Jenkins from New Zealand Herald awarded the record three stars, and felt majority of the content was unoriginal but highlighted ""Into the Blue"" as ""half-decent"", ""Million Miles"" and ""Fine"" as ""club fillers"", and ""Sexy Love"" as a rip-off from the song ""California Gurls"" by American singer Katy Perry.[115] Kevin Ritchie from Now Toronto gave it two marks out of five, and labelled it ""bad"". He criticized the second half of the album, and felt majority of the songs like ""Sexercize"" were ""dated"" yet ""overproduced"" and the sound was ""murky"".[122] Philip Matusavage from MusicOMH gave it two stars, and wrote scathingly ""It's crushingly disappointing, then, to find that Kiss Me Once is perhaps her most anonymous offering to date."" Matusavage also criticized the material, feeling it would have been ""rejections"" from an album by Barbados recording artist Rihanna.[123] - Based on the average shares and reactions on Metacritic, Kiss Me Once was ranked as the 47th most discussed album of 2014.[124] Similarly, it appeared at number 6 on American website Idolator's Best Album of 2014 reader's poll. According to the editor Eduardo Lima, he said ""Kylie. Kiss Me Once. The best pop album. I just can´t get enough of it.""[125] - Kiss Me Once debuted atop of the Australian Albums Chart with 8,166 copies sold.[126][127] It was Minogue's first number-one album since X (2007) and her fourth overall,[128] tying with country musician Kasey Chambers for the most number-one albums achieved by a female Australian artist.[129] The album slipped to number six the following week with 2,261 units sold, bringing the two week total to 10,247 copies.[126] After falling for five weeks, the album rose to number 27 in its sixth and final charting week, Minogue's shortest run for a studio album since Let's Get to It (1991).[130] The album sold approximately 15,000 copies in Australia by May 2014.[131] In New Zealand, the album spent a sole week at number 13, marking Minogue's sixth top 20 entry on the New Zealand Albums Chart.[132] - In the UK, the album faced competition against George Michael's live album Symphonica for the top position.[133][134] On the chart published on 23 March, Kiss Me Once opened at number two on the UK Albums Chart with 29,251 copies sold,[135][136] marking Minogue's eleventh top five entry.[95] The album slipped to number eight the following week, before falling out of the top 10 in the third week.[95] Kiss Me Once spent a total of 12 weeks inside the top 100 chart, and placed at number 93 on the UK album year-end chart in 2014.[95][137] It was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 23 May 2014 for sales exceeding 60,000 units.[138] The album had shifted 90,884 units in the UK by October 2020.[139] Kiss Me Once also peaked on two other regional music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company, the Scottish Albums Chart and the Irish Albums Chart, at number three and number four, respectively.[140][141] - In the United States, the album opened modestly at number 31 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 12,000 copies.[127][142] That week, Kiss Me Once also debuted at number three on the US Dance/Electronic Albums and at number 26 on the Tastemaker Albums chart.[143][144] The album peaked at number 15 on the Canadian Albums Chart, Minogue's third album to chart in the territory.[145] In Japan, the album debuted at number 40 on the Oricon Albums Chart, selling 3,088 units in its first week and marking her eighth top 40 entry.[146] The album stayed on the chart for a total of 8 weeks.[147] In South Korea, the album peaked at number 96 on the Gaon Album Chart, and on the International Albums Chart at number 24.[148][149] Kiss Me Once debuted at the top of the Hungarian Albums Chart and stayed there for three weeks. It later became the 36th best-selling album in Hungary of 2016.[150][151] In France, the album peaked at number 10 on the albums chart, Minogue's last top-ten entry in the 2010s, and sold 15,000 copies as of July 2014.[152][107] The album also peaked within the top 10 in the Czech Republic,[153] Croatia,[154] Switzerland,[155] Germany,[156] Slovenia,[157] the Netherlands,[158] and Spain.[159] In Belgium, the album appeared on both regional charts: it peaked at number 10 on the Ultratop Flanders chart,[160] and number 13 on the Wallonia chart.[161] In Italy,[162] Denmark,[163] Austria,[164] and Finland,[165] the album peaked inside the top 20. By early June 2014, Kiss Me Once had sold roughly 200,000 units worldwide.[166] - After the album's release, several publications deemed the commercial value of the album as a flop.[167] In retrospect, Minogue commented; ""Maybe it didn't do as well because it wasn't good enough or it didn't deserve more, who knows?"". She further exclaimed, ""Even in retrospect it's hard to say why something works or it doesn't. It's dependent on what else is out there, the way it's promoted... The tour has been the most successful part of that album campaign for me. The album did give me some freedom.""[168] In June 2015, publications reported Minogue's departure from Parlophone due to the performance of Kiss Me Once, which she first denied. However, she later confirmed she had parted with the label in December 2015 and would stay permanently with Warner Music Australia; she announced her album Kylie Christmas that same month, which would be her final overall release with Parlophone.[169] - Notes - Credits adapted from the liner notes of the special edition of Kiss Me Once.[37] - -",2023-08-26 18:45:59 -Lightning World Championship - Wikipedia,"The Lightning World Championship is a bi-annual international sailing regatta for lightning (dinghy), organized by the host club on behalf of the International Lightning Class Association and recognized by World Sailing, the sport's IOC-recognized governing body. The class gained class status in November 1962 from World Sailing, so its first Worlds were in 1963, although an International Regatta was held in 1961. - -  Anne Allen (USA) - Bruce Goldsmith (USA) -  Anne Allen (USA) - Bruce Goldsmith (USA) -  Bruce Goldsmith (USA) - Pamela Goldsmith (USA) - Jim Dressel (USA) -  James R Crane (USA) - Robert B. Crane (USA) - Robert Lansing (USA) -  Thomas Allen III (USA) - Anne Allen (USA) - John Schneider (USA) -  William Shore (USA) - Bonnie Shore (USA) - Robert Bone (USA) - Jack Mueller Jnr. -J. Mueller -Nancy Mueller - Louis Pocharski -Janet Shore -F. Healey Jnr. -  Bruce Goldsmith (USA) - Pam Goldsmith (USA) - David Peters (USA) - Jim Dressel -Nancy Dressel -Gary Cameron - Bob Seidelmann -Bill Clausen -Karen Huntsman -  Mario Buckup (BRA) - Ralph Christian (BRA) - Joaquim Feneberg (BRA) -  William A. Shore (USA) - Bonnie Shore (USA) - Mark Bryant (USA) -  Bruce Goldsmith (USA) - Pam Goldsmith (USA) - Bob Smither (USA) -  Thomas Allen III (USA) - Brenda Allen (USA) - Tom Allen (USA) - Mario Buckup BRA -Joaquim Feneberg BRA -Ralph W. Christian - Jim Crane -Steve Nightingale -Eugene Peters -  Glenn Darden (USA) -Kelly Gough -Doug Shelton -  Jay Lutz (USA) - Dick Escalara (USA) - Michael Healy (USA) -  Sergio Messina (ITA) - Antonino Nizza (ITA) - Pasquale Vitaggio (ITA) -  Claudio Biekarck (BRA) - Gunnar Ficker (BRA) - Ralph Berger (BRA) -  William Shore (USA) - Karen Neri (USA) - Betsy Gelenitis (USA) -  Manuel González Maz (CHI) - Alberto Gonzalez (CHI) - Rodrigo Zuazola (CHI) -  Eddy Martin (CAN) - Perry Owen (CAN) - Jay Mann (CAN) -  William Shore (USA) - Brad Read (USA) - Steve Hayden (USA) -  Peter Hall (CAN) - Mark Osterman (CAN) - Alain Boucher (CAN) -  David Dellenbaugh (USA) - Kip Hamblet (USA) - Hale Walcoff (USA) -  Manfred Kaufmann (BRA) - Renato Kaufmann (BRA) - Marcelo Batista da Silva (BRA) - Geoff Becker -Jimmy Barnash -Laura Beigel - Jody Starck -Ian JonesSkip Dieball -  Javier Conte (ARG) - Ignacio Giammona (ARG) - Paul Salerno (ARG) -",2023-08-26 18:46:04 -To the Races - Wikipedia,"To the Races is an album by Eric Bachmann, of the bands Crooked Fingers and Archers of Loaf.[5] It was released on August 22, 2006. - It was recorded in a hotel room in North Carolina.[6] - The album is the 95th release of Saddle Creek Records. - - - This 2006 rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:46:07 -John Thomas Dunlop - Wikipedia,"John Thomas Dunlop (July 5, 1914 – October 2, 2003) was an American administrator, labor economist, and educator. Dunlop was the United States Secretary of Labor between 1975 and 1976 under President Gerald Ford. He was Director of the United States Cost of Living Council from 1973 to 1974, Chairman of the United States Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations from 1993 to 1995, which produced the Dunlop Report in 1994. He was also arbitrator and impartial chairman of various United States labor-management committees, and a member of numerous government boards on industrial relations disputes and economic stabilization. - Dunlop taught at Harvard University from 1938 until his retirement as Thomas W. Lamont University Professor in 1984. While there, he was chair of the Economics Department from 1961 to 1966 and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from 1969 to 1973. - Dunlop came to be recognized in the postwar United States as the most influential figure in the field of industrial relations. Though primarily a labor economist and later an academic dean at Harvard University, Dunlop carried out advisory roles in every U.S. Presidential Administration from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. He mediated and arbitrated disputes in a wide variety of industries and over a range of issues in the formative post-World War II period. He also influenced the study of industrial and labor relations with his framework of an ""industrial relations system"" that arose from his scholarly as well as applied work. In looking back at his own legacy, Dunlop regarded himself fundamentally as a problem solver with an abiding interest in the workplace. - Among the numerous books Dunlop wrote are Industrial Relations Systems (1958, 1993); Industrialism and Industrial Man (1960, joint author); Labor and the American Community (1970, with Derek C. Bok); Dispute Resolution, Negotiation and Consensus Building (1984); and The Management of Labor Unions (1990). - Dunlop was born in Placerville in northern California, where his family owned a pear orchard. Devoted Presbyterian missionaries, his parents moved to the Philippines when Dunlop was four years old, the eldest of a family that grew to seven children. He was raised and educated on the island of Cebu, and remained there until graduating from high school. Then, Dunlop returned to the United States with his older brother to enroll in college. Dunlop was initially rejected from the University of California, Berkeley because of his unusual background and instead enrolled at Marin Junior College in 1931. - Dunlop later transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated summa cum laude in 1935. He remained there for his doctorate in Economics, where he produced the dissertation ""Movements of Wage-Rates in the Business Cycle"" (1939). While studying at Berkeley, Dunlop met with his wife, Dorothy Emily Webb; they married on July 6, 1937. That year, Dunlop attended the University of Cambridge on a fellowship, where he studied under John Maynard Keynes. At the time, Dunlop lived near John Kenneth Galbraith, who later became a colleague at Harvard.[1] - Although Dunlop's intention was to study with Keynes during the fellowship, the elder's poor health limited their interaction. Nonetheless, Dunlop's study of wage setting in the cotton mill industry based on fieldwork conducted during that visit led him to publish a major paper in The Economic Journal in 1938 demonstrating a problem in Keynes' depiction of wage rigidity in the seminal work The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936).[2] In a laudatory note published with Dunlop's paper, Keynes acknowledged the correction and the contribution of the paper. - Dunlop was shortly after offered a teaching fellowship at Harvard University's economics department that he maintained throughout the rest of his life. He was tenured in 1945 and became a full professor at Harvard in 1950. He later chaired the Department of Economics between 1961 and 1966, and was Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences between 1970 and 1973. Dunlop was named Lamont University Professor in 1971. - Dunlop focused on wage determination and the role of markets and institutions in their determination. He wrote a series of articles in economic journals regarding the role of unions in wage setting, arguing that unions focused on balancing wage gains in collective bargaining against their employment effects.[3] He also explored the impact of product market forces on the level of wages, arguing that neoclassical models of wage determination underplayed the important (and sometimes idiosyncratic) role of product markets.[4] In 1958, he brought together his scholarly work on wage determination with applied experience in dispute resolution in his seminal book Industrial Relations Systems.[5] The book proposed a model of how an ""industrial relations system"" brings together product market, regulatory, and technological factors with the institutional practices of labor and business to produce wages, benefits, and other workplace outcomes. Several decades of scholarly debate followed its publication. He subsequently collaborated with Clark Kerr, Frederick Harbison, and Charles Myers on cross-national studies of the evolution of industrial relations systems, resulting in the book Industrialism and Industrial Man in 1960.[6] - Dunlop trained several generations of doctoral students in the course of his career at Harvard. In the 1930s-50s, students included academics who became prominent industrial relations specialists, labor historians, and labor economists, including Irving Bernstein, David Brody, Morris Horowitz, Mark Leiserson, William Miernyk, Herbert Northrup, Jean Pearlson, Martin Segal, Jack Stieber, Lloyd Ulman, and Donald White. His students in the 1960s—80s went on to distinguished careers in labor and health economics, including Katharine Abraham, Kim Clark, Peter Doeringer, Richard B. Freeman, Jack Hirshleifer, Carol Jones, Garth Mangum, Daniel Quinn Mills, Joseph Newhouse, Michael Piore, James Scoville, Paula Voos, Michael Wachter, and David Weil. He collaborated with many other academics in a variety of fields including Frederick Abernathy, Derek Bok, Ray Goldberg, James Healy, Larry Katz, Clark Kerr, George Shultz, and Arnold Zack. - Along with his scholarly activities at Harvard, he was deeply involved in the creation of many programs and innovations at the university. In 1942, Dunlop, along with Professors Sumner Slichter and James Healy, co-founded the Harvard Trade Union Program, only the second executive program at Harvard (the first being the Neiman Fellows program in journalism) that continues to provide training to senior leaders in the labor movement in the US and around the world. He taught in this program from its founding until his death in 2003. An unnamed colleague told reporter Daniel Q. Haney of the Associated Press that Dunlop is ""more at home with a plumbers' convention than with the Harvard faculty. He even sort of looks like a plumber, the way he always wears bow ties.""[7] He also helped to found in 1959 the Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies.[8] He played significant roles in the early days of the Harvard Kennedy School, and served as the acting director of its Center for Business and Government from 1987 to 1991. - Dunlop also played an active role in solving problems at the university. During a critical period in its history following the police bust in 1969 and subsequent shutdown of the university, Dunlop played a crucial role in restoring stability to the institution, leading a student faculty committee through a process to resolve the conflict and ultimately to introduce governance reforms. Following Nathan Pusey's resignation as president, he then served as Dean and as a close advisor to President Derek Bok during the tumultuous period of the Vietnam War, settling disputes between students, faculty, and the Harvard administration. Bok commented ""He probably saved this university at a very critical time after the student riots in 1968-69"" with ""leadership and a cool head.""[9] - Many years later, following a highly contentious series of organizing efforts, a new union was elected at Harvard to represent clerical and technical workers. In light of the acrimony that accompanied Harvard's campaign against unionization, Harvard President Derek Bok tapped Dunlop to lead the university's management negotiation team. Dunlop negotiated with the lead organizer of the newly formed Harvard Union of Clerical and Technical Workers Union, Kris Rondeau, what is widely regarded as an innovative collective bargaining agreement that focuses on problem solving and staff engagement. The agreement remains in effect today, the ninth contract currently being negotiated in 2012. - Dunlop was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.[10][11] He remained on the Harvard faculty his entire life, taking Emeritus status in 1985. Even after retirement, he remained active in research and teaching including leading newly established freshmen seminars at the age of 85. - Dunlop began his work in Washington during World War II. On January 12, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9017 instating the National War Labor Board (NWLB). Charged with settling labor / management disputes in exchange for a no-strike agreement, the NWLB arbitrated disputes across major industries.[12] Because of its centrality in setting wages and benefits in a climate of military mobilization, limited resources, inflationary pressure, the NWLB's staff and leadership received a rapid-fire introduction to the problems and challenges confronting hundreds of enterprises. - From 1943 to 1945, Dunlop held the post of Chief of the Research and Statistics Branch of the NWLB and the experience helped him develop his fact-finding approach to resolving disputes. Several other NWLB alumni became major figures in the field of Industrial Relations including Clark Kerr, the future Chancellor and President of the University of California, and Benjamin Aaron, director of the UCLA Institute of Industrial Relations from 1960 to 1975. Derek Bok, former President of Harvard University, commented in 2003 that Dunlop ""... was the last surviving member of a small group of people who came of age during World War II who had the respect of both business and labor.""[13] - In the war's aftermath, President Harry Truman selected Dunlop for the Atomic Energy Labor Panel. Between 1948 and 1957, he chaired the National Joint Board for the Settlement of Jurisdictional Disputes in the Building and Construction Industry. He served on the Wage Stabilization Board from 1950 to 1952, experience that would decades later encourage the Nixon Administration to put him in charge of efforts to oversee setting wages and price controls. In 1973, Dunlop replaced Donald H. Rumsfeld as director of the Cost of Living Council. - In March 1975, President Gerald Ford selected Dunlop as his first Secretary of Labor. Dunlop focused on a variety of efforts that sought to bring the idea of multi-party problem solving to the regulatory process, and in implementing labor policies. His views on the importance of government policy in fashioning agreements among parties rather than through direct regulatory authority were laid out in his article ""The Limits of Legal Compulsion"". In that article, Dunlop notes: - The country needs to acquire a more realistic understanding of the limitations on bringing about social change through legal compulsion. A great deal of government time needs to be devoted to improving understanding, persuasion, accommodation, mutual problem solving, and information mediation. Legislation, litigation, and regulations are useful means for some social and economic problems, but today government has more regulation on its plate than it can handle.[14] The desire to bring parties together to solve problems led Dunlop to resign as Secretary of Labor. The construction industry remained an ongoing focus of Dunlop due to its important role in the US economy and particularly the potential of collective bargaining agreements in that industry to have inflationary pressures in the larger economies. Building trades unions sought changes in the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) to reflect the distinctive problems of that sector in regard to rules regarding union recognition, organizing and the rights to picket. Through ongoing negotiations between trade union leaders and leading contractors and construction end users, Dunlop crafted an agreement between the parties that would amend the NLRA in ways sought by unions in exchange for their agreement along with management to longer term industry reforms, in a bill that would move in tandem through Congress. After brokering the deal and receiving support from Ford, the Common Situs legislation was passed by Congress. However, facing stiff opposition from a surging Ronald Reagan in the Republican primaries of 1976 and a more assertive Republican right wing, Ford reneged on Dunlop's pledge and vetoed the legislation. In January 1976, Dunlop resigned as Secretary of Labor.[15] - Dunlop served subsequent administrations. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter appointed Dunlop the chair of the Pay Advisory Committee. Between 1981 and 1984, Dunlop belonged to President Reagan's National Productivity Advisory Committee, while from 1989 to 1991 he served on President George H. W. Bush's Social Security Advisory Council. - In 1993, the Clinton Administration named Dunlop the Chair of the Commission on the Future of Worker Management Relations (soon known as the Dunlop Commission). The commission was established to examine the need for reform of the National Labor Relations Act and related federal laws regarding workplace representation and recommend changes to them. Differences among Commission members and the midterm election of 1994 that brought a Republican majority to the House of Representatives thwarted action on many of the Dunlop Commission's recommendations.[16] Dunlop nonetheless went on to work on promoting negotiated rulemaking for workplace health and safety and crafted an agreement between the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the National Association of Home Builders and the Building Trades Council (AFL-CIO) regarding health and safety standards for residential construction.[17] - Along with his service in government, Dunlop practiced dispute resolution in a variety of other areas, pioneering innovative multi-party agreements in a variety of areas. In agriculture, he intervened in an eight-year-old dispute between the Campbell Soup Company, the Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC, an AFL-CIO affiliate that organized farm workers in the Midwest) and tomato growers in Michigan and Ohio regarding conditions of work among the migrant workers who worked for growers supplying Campbell's with tomatoes. Since agricultural workers are exempted from the NLRA, private sector employers are not obligated to recognize unions. In addition, the farm workers were treated as independent contractors to the individual growers supplying Campbell Soup. Growers contended that the prices received for their tomatoes precluded increases in wages or provision of better housing conditions in labor camps. - In 1986, Campbell Soup approached Dunlop to assist them in settling the dispute. Dunlop brought together the parties and fashioned an agreement ending the corporate campaign in exchange for union representation among tomato growers, including a mechanism for union recognition and dispute resolution through a Commission chaired by Dunlop and an equal number of representatives of labor and growers. The agreement also provided growers higher prices in exchange for agreement to bargaining with the union. As a result, the agreement created a private system of union recognition, collective bargaining and dispute resolution accepted by the parties. The agreement soon expanded to include pickle growers and the food processors Vlasic and Dean Foods and has been renewed consistently to the present. In 2003, an agreement between FLOC and the North Carolina Growers Association extending the Dunlop Agricultural Commission model was signed providing the only collective bargaining agreement covering guest workers from Mexico.[18] - In 1979, Dunlop and Harvard University colleague Frederick H. Abernathy (Gordon McKay Research Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Abbott and James Lawrence Research Professor of Engineering), a professor of fluid mechanics, were commissioned by the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union to undertake a summer study of the competitiveness of the men's suit industry. The study focused on the need to encourage research and development on the creation (and later the adoption) of technology in the textile and clothing sector. Eventually Dunlop's and Abernathy's efforts led to the creation of the Tailored Clothing and Technology Corporation [TC]2, a government-business-labor organization, funded cooperatively the three parties. [TC]2 initially funded development of new technologies for the industry. It later turned to a broader focus on encouraging the use of existing technology among clothing manufacturers and textile producers.[TC]2 is discussed in the Commentary of Dunlop, Industrial Relations Systems, Revised Edition (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1993), pp. 36–37. In 1989, [TC]2 changed its name to the Textile and Clothing Technology Corporation to reflect its expanded mission. The group, now based in Raleigh, North Carolina, remains active in this area. - A final area of innovative dispute resolution arose in Dunlop's home state of Massachusetts. Following a growing number of disputes and walkouts among police and firefighters in the 1970s, Dunlop mediated an agreement between police and firefighter local unions, an association of municipal governments, and state legislators on legislation to create a tri-partite (labor, public management, with an impartial third party chair, nominated by the two sides and appointed by the Governor) dispute resolution body to handle collective bargaining problems in the sector. The legislation was passed in 1977 creating the Joint Labor Management Committee (JLMC). The vast majority of the more than 1500 disputes handled by the JLMC in its history were done through mediation rather than the final step which imposed a settlement on the municipal executive where the dispute occurred (but not on the legislative body, such as city council or town meeting that appropriates funds).[19] - Dunlop produced a considerable body of articles, books, reports, and scholarship, with his work Industrial Relations Systems (1958) regarded as his biggest achievement. Thomas Kochan, the George Maverick Bunker Professor of Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management, commented that this ""seminal book ... set the framework for scholarly analysis of our field for decades and became the focal point for debates over how relationships among labor, management, and government were structured and evolved over time.""[20] - The historian Ronald Schatz of Wesleyan University reflects on Dunlop and his generation of Industrial Relations (IR) specialists: - ... the IR professors ... were not only academics but public figures as well. Many arbitrated disputes for the biggest firms and unions in the country and chaired government boards, and as time passed the leading figures in the field were appointed to be the presidents and deans of the nation's most prestigious universities – Berkeley, Ann Arbor, Wisconsin, Harvard, Columbia, Northwestern, Princeton. One became the leading liberal in the U.S. Senate (Paul Douglas), another the Watergate Special Prosecutor (Archibald Cox), another the Secretary of State (George Shultz).[21] Throughout his career in academics and the applied world, Dunlop attempted to apply lessons learned in his early experience in settling disputes at the NWLB to other venues. Drawing on his training in economics and his own industrial relations system framework and his insistence on having the parties agree on a common set of facts, he helped establish both a theoretical and a practical method of resolving problems and creating institutions for their ongoing evolution. In his introduction to a reissuing of his book Industrial Relations Systems in 1993, Dunlop wrote: - In response to inquiries as to why I have not chosen previously to comment on the substantial literature still in currency on Industrial Relations Systems, I have often responded that the analytical system was to be viewed as a tool to be used in analysis and problem solving. I find it useful and use it regularly in my practitioner's role. If someone else does not find it helpful, so be it; I am interested in any analytical framework that helps to resolve real problems. So tell me yours.[22] He continued that work until late in his life. Dunlop died in 2003 in Boston. - There are two lecture series delivered at Harvard University in honor of John T. Dunlop, including 1) The John T. Dunlop Memorial Forum sponsored by the Harvard Trade Union Program where he taught for sixty years [23] and 2) The John T. Dunlop Lecture hosted annually by the Joint Center of Housing Studies of Harvard University and supported with funds from the National Housing Endowment.[24] - In addition, Harvard's Graduate School of Design has an endowed professorship in Dunlop's name (John T. Dunlop Professor in Housing and Urbanization), which was first given to Rahul Mehrotra in 2020.[25] -",2023-08-26 18:46:10 -Jon Lloyd (microbiologist) - Wikipedia,"Jonathan Richard Lloyd is a professor of geomicrobiology and director of the Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, and is based in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Manchester.[1] His research is based at the interface between microbiology, geology and chemistry.[2] His research focuses on the mechanisms of microbial metal-reduction, with emphasis on the environmental impact and biotechnological applications of metal-reducing bacteria. Some of the contaminants he studies include As, Tc, Sr, U, Np and Pu.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Current activities are supported by funds from NERC, BBSRC, EPSRC (The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council), the EU and industry. Lloyd is also a senior visiting fellow at the National Nuclear Laboratory, which helps support the development of a nuclear geomicrobiology programme. - Lloyd was born in Hemel Hempstead UK in 1966. He holds a BSc(Hons) Applied Biology from the University of Bath, following this Lloyd read his PhD in Microbiology at the University of Kent. He completed his thesis titled: The physiological state of microbial cells immobilised in hollow-fibre membrane bioreactors in 1993.[10] - Lloyd has published more than 250 papers that focus on understanding how microbes interact with, and control the chemistry of the subsurface, and how natural microbial processes and microbial metabolisms can be harnessed for a wide range of biotechnological applications.[4][11] His publications have featured in nature, ES&T, Chemical Geology, Mineralogical Magazine, and Science of the Total Environment.[4][7][8][6][12][11] His research has investigated the role of U(V) during U(VI) bioreduction by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis MR1.[8][7][13] Lloyd has also led investigations into microbial activities under highly alkaline conditions such as those that would be found in a geological disposal facility,[14][12] or those found in Nuclear legacy cooling ponds.[11][15][16] - Lloyd was awarded the 2006 Geological Society of London Bigsby Medal, the 2018 Schlumberger Medal of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and in 2014 was cited as one of the Top 100 Practicing UK Scientists by the UK Science Council.  From 2010 to 2014 he was a Royal Society Industrial Fellow, and from 2015 to 2020 a Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship Award holder.[17] -",2023-08-26 18:46:14 -Murad Quenili - Wikipedia," - Murad Quenili is the appointed governor of Jowzjan Province, Afghanistan.[1] - Quenili was appointed in July 2013, succeeding Mohammad Aleem Sayee. He was born in the village of Qoyunly in the Mingajik District of Jowzjan. Prior to his appointment as governor, he was a member of the Afghanistan House of Elders, representing Jowzjan. - - This article about an Afghan politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:46:17 -Oleksandr Pernatskyi - Wikipedia,"Oleksandr Mykolayovych Pernatskyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Миколайович Пернацький; born 17 July 1995) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Czech club Viktoria Otrokovice.[1] - - This biographical article related to a Ukrainian association football defender born in the 1990s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:46:21 -Dirt Rally - Wikipedia," - Dirt Rally (stylised as DiRT Rally) is a racing simulation video game developed and published by Codemasters for Windows. A Steam Early Access version of the game was released on 27 April 2015, and the full version was released on 7 December.[2] PlayStation 4, Xbox One and physical PC DVD versions were released on 5 April 2016. The Linux and macOS versions, developed by Feral Interactive, were released in 2017.[3] A sequel, Dirt Rally 2.0, was released in February 2019.[4] - Dirt Rally is a racing game focused on rallying and rallycross. Players compete in timed stage events on tarmac and off-road terrain in varying weather conditions. On release, the game featured 17 cars, 36 stages from three real world locations - Monte Carlo, Powys and Argolis - and asynchronous multiplayer.[5] Stages range from 4 to 16 km. Subsequent updates added three more locations in the form of Baumholder, Jämsä and Värmland, as well as rallycross and player versus player multiplayer modes.[6] Codemasters announced a partnership with the FIA World Rallycross Championship in July 2015,[7] leading to the inclusion of the Lydden Hill Race Circuit (England), Lånkebanen (Norway), and Höljesbanan (Sweden) to the game. - Dirt Rally features a large number of vehicles in a wide variety of classes, and 16 manufacturers. It contains cars from the 1960s, 70s, 80s, Group B, Group A, Group R, 2000s and 2010s modern rally, rallycross and Pikes Peak, with cars having up to 10 liveries, as well as the lineup of the 2015 season. - In terms of image quality, a full 1080p resolution is delivered on both PS4 and Xbox One, with post-process anti-aliasing, along with matching art and effects work, whereas the PC version includes Steam Workshop that consists of preset setups made from each vehicles by users that helps benefit races from different terrains from different tracks (though the game holds up to 100 mods as subscribing to more than 100 mods will not function). - Dirt Rally was developed by Codemasters using the in-house Ego engine.[6] Development began with a small team of individuals following the release of their 2012 video game Dirt: Showdown.[5] The team has emphasised a desire to create a simulation with Dirt Rally.[5][8] They started by prototyping a handling model and creating tracks based on map data. The game employs a different physics model from previous titles, rebuilt from zero.[5] - To recreate authentic car sounds, the developers recorded nearly fifty real world rally cars by placing up to ten microphones in each car's engine bay, at the intake, above the exhaust, and inside the cabin. The audio mix depends on the player's camera location, and also the surrounding environment due to modelling of reverb on each stage.[9] The audio team also captured details such as gravel kick-up, waste-gate chatter, and the whine of straight-cut transmissions. They primarily recorded on-track rather than on a dyno in order to capture off-throttle deceleration.[10][11] - An early version of Dirt Rally was showcased to journalists in late 2013,[5] but the game wasn't officially announced until in April 2015. It was released for Windows in early access on digital distribution service Steam. Game director Paul Coleman said that it was important to publicly release an unfinished build of the game so that the development team could get feedback from players.[8] He expressed an interest in releasing Dirt Rally on consoles in the future but said that it was not possible, with it being an early access game at the time,[5] then lent his voice as the game's English-speaking co-driver. Codemasters intended to introduce new cars, locations, and modes in monthly content updates, and make gameplay tweaks throughout the early access process. The full version of the game was released on 7 December same year. The game was released on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 5 April 2016.[12] - Dirt Rally received ""generally favorable reviews"", according to review aggregator Metacritic.[13][14][15] - GameStar gave the game 90% and said ""Dirt Rally is the best rally simulation at the moment and one of the best racing games of all time. Beginners will find it to be quite difficult"".[22] GamesTM celebrated the change of direction, saying ""this is the best thing the 'Dirt' name has ever been associated with and rallying enthusiasts are sure to be relieved that the obsession with the kind of American slang that was only partially hip in the 90s has been overcome and removed"".[23] Play magazine said that ""it doesn't patronise with gimmicky mechanics, nor is it a dry, joyless simulation"".[29] GameSpot praised the physics model, graphics, and the range of cars, but said that the ""Hill Climb and Rallycross modes feel half-baked"".[20] Italian version of Eurogamer agreed too: ""All we can hope for is new content - more cars and tracks"".[17] - GamesRadar highlighted the game's unforgiving nature: ""Tires burst, radiators overheat, and you can frequently find yourself hobbling over the finish line with a slack time simply because you’ve lost control of your car once in an otherwise clean and competitive race"".[21] GamesMaster, Edge and IGN agreed.[19][16][24] VideoGamer.com praised the game's ""incredible speed"",[30] PlayStation Universe stated that it was better than Richard Burns Rally.[31] Official PlayStation Magazine said it was ""the most exhilarating driving game Codemasters has created in years, and undoubtedly the best rally game on PS4"",[26] with OXM adding ""without question the best rally sim ever made"".[27] On the contrary, PC Gamer wrote: ""Unfortunately, though, in physics and handling detail, it falls a little flat. The lack of any sort of precarious feel when flying over ice and mud is an absolute shame, and the amount of forced assistance is a disappointment. Anyone waiting for a new Richard Burns will need to carry on waiting"".[28] - Evo praised the audio, saying ""at times, Dirt Rally excels. The sound design in particular is excellent, as is the wide variety of cars on offer. The audio in Dirt Rally really does deserve special mention. Not only is it some of the best we’ve heard in a racing game, it serves real purpose, with the co-driver almost perfectly matching his pace notes up with a stage"". Of the graphics, they added: ""While it definitely can’t come close to the production values of the likes of a Gran Turismo title, there is a lot of visual flourishes that impress with Dirt Rally"".[32] The Australian Official PlayStation Magazine said the game worked well with a steering wheel.[25] Top Gear compared the game favorably to its rivals, stating ""Sébastien Loeb Rally Evo’s handling remains nowhere near as satisfying or convincing as Dirt Rally’s superlative scrambling"".[33] Stuff magazine stated that this was ""a game that leaves WRC 5 eating gravel"".[34] - The game reached number 1 in the UK PS4 physical sales chart,[35] and number 19 in the European download chart.[36] It reached number 2 in the UK multiformat physical sales chart in its week of release, only behind Quantum Break.[37] - The month after the release, The Official PlayStation Magazine listed Dirt Rally as the 16th best PS4 game of all time.[38] The Telegraph listed it in their top games of 2016.[39] TechRadar included the game on their list of the ""10 best racing games on PC"".[40] Octane magazine put it at #1 on their list of the best sim racing games.[41] At the BAFTAs, the game was nominated for the award for best sports game of 2016.[42] Game Informer gave it their award for best racing game of the year.[43] Gameplanet listed it as one of their best games of the year.[44] Alphr put Dirt Rally in their top 5 PS4 racing games.[45] PCGamesN said it was in the top 3 most realistic PC racing games.[46] -",2023-08-26 18:46:24 -Second Shadow Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras - Wikipedia,"The Second Shadow Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras was formed on 18 July 2019, following the 2019 Greek legislative election. It consists of only Syriza MPs, as it is the largest party in opposition to the Kyriakos Mitsotakis Government. - The Shadow Cabinet was formed on 18 July 2019, with the composition being announced that day.[1] The Shadow Cabinet is acting in opposition to the Mitsotakis Government. - The role of shadow ministers is to oversee the work being carried out by the government ministers and to offer alternative proposals. - As of 18 July 2019 -",2023-08-26 18:46:28 -Partenheim - Wikipedia,"Partenheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. - The municipality is a winegrowing centre in the heart of Rhenish Hesse. Since 1972, it has belonged to the Verbandsgemeinde of Wörrstadt, whose seat is in the like-named municipality. - In 757, Partenheim had its first documentary mention in a donation document that dealt with a vineyard in the marca pattenheimo (Partenheim municipal area). Here later existed a zone of joint landholding – a kind of condominium, although the joint lords were not sovereign, both holding the fief within the Electorate of Trier – called a Ganerbschaft - with the two aristocratic houses being the lords of Partenheim and the Barons of Wallbrunn. - The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. - The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:[3] - The municipality's arms might be described thus: Per pale, in dexter per fess sable three piles transposed argent and argent three piles of the first, in sinister azure three lozenges of the second, over all at the fess point an inescutcheon of the second charged with two axes in saltire of the third, the one bendwise sinister surmounting the other. - The charges on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side represent the two noble families who held the village jointly in the Middle Ages, while on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side are three lozenges representing the old overlordship held by the Church at Trier. They are said to be an attribute of Saint Matthew, who is furthermore said to be buried at Trier. Then there is the inescutcheon, which shows two crossed axes. These are meant as a canting charge, as these axes are known as Parten (although the far more usual German word for ""axes"" is Äxte). The inescutcheon at the escutcheon’s fess point (that is, exact centre) is a peculiarity among municipal arms, as this device – called a Herzschild, or ""heart shield"", in German – is reserved for district arms. However, since seals dating from the 17th century already showed this composition, and since there was also an example, literally carved in stone, along with the year 1747 at Partenheim Castle, the now defunct Regierungsbezirk of Rheinhessen-Pfalz relented and officially conferred the longtime arms on the municipality in 1986.[4] - The municipality's land use breaks down as follows: Agriculture: 620 ha; Winegrowing: 162 ha; built-up areas, transport lands and greenspaces: 59 ha. - In Partenheim are found: an automated teller machine, bakers, daycare, a dentist, drink distributors, a fire brigade, a hairdresser, inns, a kindergarten, physicians, a primary school, a tax adviser and wineries. -",2023-08-26 18:46:32 -Valamram - Wikipedia,"Valamram (1824–1886)[1] was a prominent Hindu saint & social reformer of the 19th century from Gujarat, who was disciple of Bhoja Bhagat. He lived in Gariadhar. He was Guru-Bhai of Jalaram of Virpur.[2][3] - Vala was born in year 1824 in Kunbi caste to Lavaji Narayan Katrodia & Jabai. When he was of age[which?] he met Bhoja Bhagat of Fatehpur, who had earlier appeared in his dreams. Bhoja Bhagat made him his disciple and gave him the kanthi and name of Valamram. In his later life started ""Sadavrat"" a free feeding center at Gariadhar in year 1870. He took live samadhi in year 1886.[1] Even today, as per promise taken by Valamram from his Guru, Bhoja Bhagat, the Dhwaja to be hoisted atop the ashram of Bhoja Bhagat at Fatehpur, on birth celebration of Bhoja Bhagat is sent from Gariadhar by Valamram's Ashram.[1] The Ashram and feeding center started by him in Gariadhar, is still doing their service to humanity. Hundreds of people, from various places, visit ashram & samadhi to pay their respects to the departed saint. - Recently, in January, 2012, more than 150 years old four antique metal idols of Sri Krishna of religious significance, were stolen from Ashram. The idols were stolen by breaking the locks of the gate of temple inside the ashram. As per information given by presiding Mahant of Ashram, there is a folk-tale that two of the idols were said to have been presented to Valamramji by Lord Krishna, when he gave darshan to him. These idols were installed in temple inside ashram by the saint Valamramji himself. Other two idols were installed by Mahantas, who succeeded the ashram's gadi, after demise of saint Shri Valamram Bapu.[4] However, after one day the idols were found lying inside a bag, left at the gate of Ashram. The two metal idols were found broken and two intact. There was a sense of relief and rejoice in the city after news of recovery of idols were announced by police. A procession was taken out, thereafter, by followers of Valamram Bapa & citizens to celebrate recovery of idols.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:46:36 -Sepy Dobronyi - Wikipedia," - Baron Joseph ""Sepy"" De Bicske Dobronyi (April 20, 1922 – May 29, 2010) was a Hungarian-born American sculptor.[1][2][3][4] - Dobronyi was known for his bronze and gold sculptures of celebrities, such as a 42-inch-tall golden statue of movie star Anita Ekberg.[5][6][7] ""The Ekberg Bronze"" was featured in the August 1956 issue of Playboy magazine by Hugh Hefner, a friend of Dobronyi.[6][8][9] - Joseph De Bicske Dobronyi was born to József Dobronyi and Szidónia Petric, in the town of Bicske, Hungary,[10] on April 20, 1922. He was raised by his mother.[11] - In 1940, Dobronyi was drafted into the Hungarian Air Force during World War II, serving as a pilot.[12] He specialized in transporting the wounded to hospitals from the front lines for the Red Cross. Dobronyi was one of six pilots chosen to try out the world's first rocket-powered aircraft.[13] In 1945, he was captured by the Red Army after his airplane was shot down over Hungary.[13] Dobronyi was held in prison in occupied Hungary but managed to escape in one day and immediately returned to Budapest.[13] - Hiding out for a few months, he managed to earn a living by working odd jobs. He obtained a job as an interpreter for the American Military Mission, also known as the Diplomatic mission, where his talent for speaking six languages was useful. He spoke Hungarian, French, English, German, Swedish[10] and Spanish.[citation needed] By 1946, Dobronyi had been refused a passport, so he decided to leave the country and headed to Sweden to visit some friends of the family who were living there.[citation needed] It took him six months to walk from Budapest to Sweden.[3] Since he did not have a visa or papers, it was a challenge to travel through German-occupied territory, including Denmark.[12][clarification needed] - Six months later, he reached Stockholm and started an apprenticeship at the House of Thomason, crown jewelers for the Swedish royal family, where he studied wood, metalworking, ceramics, and sketching.[14] By 1947, he had been selected to execute the design of the brooch that Folke Bernadotte gave to Princess Elizabeth on the occasion of her engagement to Prince Philip.[13] - At this time, an offer was made by King Gustaf V of Sweden to Dobronyi to travel to Caracas, Venezuela, which he accepted.[13] Since the Caracas contract was never signed, Dobronyi searched for a job and was able to find work in a jeweler's shop.[13] This job enabled him not only to survive but also to start saving in order to purchase his own tools. Gradually, he began designing his own ideas and working on them in his apartment after hours.[12] His dedication and love for the arts proved fruitful as he started to build up a clientele, and within a year he was able to fund his own studio. He incorporated his European style, and with his elegant and original approach to his designs, and the attraction from the Cuban society proved successful. Each work was signed with his trademark signature, ""Sepy."" His clientele included American tourists[12] and people in the entertainment industry as well as the local Cuban society. In just a few years, his studio was being visited by celebrities such as Ernest Hemingway, Errol Flynn, and Nat King Cole. A necklace of shells in a net design was made for Mary Welsh Hemingway, who personally requested it.[15] This brought more American customers to Dobronyi as well as publicity for his studio with the magazines and newspapers in the U.S. .[16] - During this time, Dobronyi's studio was doing very well, and the reputation he had with society was positive, so he was able to dedicate some time to his first childhood fascination, African sculpture. He had always found time for his carvings throughout the years, and in the 1970s he made five expeditions to New Guinea[17] in search of Asmat art.[3] While he resided in Cuba, he came across old African Native Art. Dobronyi was welcomed into the secret ritual dances and festivals of the Namigos, who were an Afro-Cuban group of natives.[3] - Dobronyi came to the United States in 1959.[18] On December 20, 1963, 40-year-old Dobronyi, who had citizenship in Hungary, Sweden and Cuba, was sworn in a federal courtroom, as a United States citizen by Judge Emett C. Choate. The Federal Building held a pre-holiday session and this was a very special day for him as it had been a goal of his ever since the days of World War II.[18] - Dobronyi claimed romantic involvements with celebrities and personalities, including Anita Ekberg,[5][6][15] whom Sepy met[5][6] at a Los Angeles art gallery exhibit of primitives, when she was herself unknown;[10][17] Ava Gardner;[13] Brigitte Bardot;[15] and Linda Christian[13] - Dobronyi was one of the best known men in Havana. Old tourist literature credits Dobronyi as the founder of the Cuban Art Center in 1951. It was a group effort to help artists in Havana and around the island reach a wider audience and sell more of their work. He had always been interested in Cuban culture and specialized in primitive, semi-abstract sculpture.[23] A modern ""Native Bazaar,"" which centralized the display of the art and sculpture of 187 Cuban artists, put shirts on artists' backs and bankbooks in their pockets for the first time in the island's history.[9][10][24] - Dobronyi was also the co-owner of the Bodeguita del medio[25] which was the hangout for the jet-setters of that era. In 1951, Dobronyi convinced owner Angel Martinez to convert his store into a tavern. There, he became the focal point of both the art community and the social circles. Some of his close friends were celebrities such as Ernest and Mary Hemingway, Hugh Hefner, Nat King Cole John Wayne and Errol Flynn.[23][26] - In 1985, Dobronyi was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.[13] - Dobronyi was co-founder and director of the International Explorers Society. This society was established for the purpose of promoting exploration and furthering the knowledge of geography, archaeology, anthropology and other related sciences through expeditions, field trips, and research projects. The Society actively supports programs for the protection of the environment, the conservation of wildlife, and the preservation of archaeological and historic sites.[27] - LP: Sepy Presents: La Bodeguita del Medio, The Music of Havana's Most Fabulous Cafe. Recorder by Riverside Records and Produced by Bill Grauer Productions, Inc, New York, 1957.[28] - Dobronyi died of liver cancer on May 29, 2010, at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami Beach at age 88.[22] - The item from his estate that got the most attention since Dobronyi's death was the old underwear of Queen Elizabeth II.[29] The Miami Herald reports that the story of the Royal panties has circled the web and print magazines, after their sale was first reported by celebrity news website TMZ.com.[30] - Hansons Auctioneers and Valuers, the same auction house that handled the sale of Queen Victoria's undergarments back in 2008, contacted the estate and expressed their interest in handling the sale.[31] -",2023-08-26 18:46:40 -Chilla katna - Wikipedia," - In Hindustani classical music, Chilla or Chilla Katna (Doing the Chilla) is a stage of training or ritual where the student is fully isolated from the outside world and lives for music only. Some musicians spend long periods of their training in varying degrees of isolation and describe these as their chilla; for others, it's a shorter, more extreme retreat, traditionally lasting 40 days. In either form, it is thought to have the power of transforming not only the student's music, but their whole life. Chilla is widely used in the Punjab gharānā (school) of tabla playing. - The word Chilla in music comes from the practice of forty days after childbirth during which the mother is said to be ""unclean"", or quarantined, or more generally a period of religious fasting and worship.[1] - The musicians lock themselves up in a solitary cell called chilla-khana for forty days and practice their instrument severely. A special diet, often omitting meat and grains, is taken during this period and very little food is eaten. Any contact to the outside world is avoided during this period. People try not to fall asleep at any cost, if necessary they will tie their hair to a noose at the ceiling. It is done to achieve a very high level of skill, that cannot be achieved due to normal regular practice. The chilla details may differ between gharanas (musical lineages).[2] - Abdul Karim Khan, a singer of the Kirana Gharana, described chilla as ""lighting a fire under your life. You either cook or you burn. If you cook, everyone can enjoy your flavour – otherwise, you'll be a mass of cinders, a heap of ash.""[3] - ""Forego your sense of self if you want to achieve greatness. It’s only when a seed is thrown in the soil, does it blossom into a flower of a lush garden"". This was the famous Ghalib couplet, late Sitar maestro Ustad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan often quoted, to sum-up the intensely grueling process of becoming a successful Hindustani musician.[2] - Well known musicians who have documented their Chilla experience include Ravi Shankar[4] and Zakir Hussein.[5] - - This article about the music of India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:46:44 -Manifesto of Lacuna Coil - Wikipedia,"Manifesto of Lacuna Coil is the second compilation album by Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil, released on 27 February 2009. Tracks are taken from the first four studio albums; In a Reverie, Unleashed Memories, Comalies & Karmacode, as well as from their two EPs; Lacuna Coil & Halflife. - All songs written by Lacuna Coil, except ""Enjoy the Silence"" written by Martin Gore -",2023-08-26 18:46:48 -Inverkip railway station - Wikipedia," - Inverkip railway station is a railway station serving the village of Inverkip, Inverclyde, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Inverclyde Line, 28¾ miles (46 km) west of Glasgow Central. - The embankment is all that remains of the former Down platform. All of the station buildings have now been removed and replaced with a bus shelter. The flats at the station (known as The Kyles) are built in what was the station goods yard. There was also a coal yard located in this area. Inverkip also had its own signal box, located at the end of the down platform. A camping coach was positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1959 to 1969, from 1963 it was a Pullman camping coach.[2] At the further end of the yard area, where the housing development is located, are the parapets of a metal overbridge, presumably used to move goods across from the up platform. - The station, built in 1865, was substantially modified in 2012 to accommodate the erection of a footbridge with an integrated lift. This structure was required as a planning permission clause related to the construction of a new housing estate in the fields across the line from the station. It was not possible to fit a ramped bridge in the available space, hence the need for a lift, making Inverkip one of the few unmanned stations in Scotland to have a lift (other examples can be found at Prestwick International Airport) The shelter was replaced and relocated further west and the steps from station Avenue were relocated slightly further east. Temporary steps were put in place during the year-long construction project. The lift serves the platform level and the footbridge level. Strangely, it is necessary to exit the station in order to access the steps to the footbridge since there are no steps directly from the platform to the bridge. There are no steps to the bridge on the other side of the line due to the steep embankment there. - Groundworks for the footbridge started in 2011, with the main span being lifted into place in the early hours of 15 July 2012. The bridge was formally opened in December 2012. A Park & Ride car park with 26 spaces was also opened across the line from the station at that time. - The station is served by Class 318s, Class 320s, Class 380s and Class 385s. - There is an hourly service daily (including Sundays) from Inverkip, westbound to Wemyss Bay and eastbound to Glasgow Central via Paisley Gilmour Street.[3] - The western end of the tunnels which run beneath the steeply sloped Commoncraig. The tunnel on the right has been out of use since electrification of the Wemyss Bay line in 1966. - This was once a fairly grand station with two platforms, substantial buildings and a goods yard. It is now reduced to one platform with bus shelter. Dunrod Hill is visible in the distance, beyond the trees. - View past the footbridge towards the former IBM Halt. - The lift at footbridge deck level. - Looking across the line to the station from Lochans Drive. -",2023-08-26 18:46:53 -Krista Lavíčková - Wikipedia,"Krista Lavíčková (December 15, 1917–August 11, 1944) was a Czech secretary who fought against Nazism with the German Resistance group, the European Union. She was arrested on September 3, 1943 and was tried along with her father, Paul Hatschek, at the Volksgerichtshof (""People's Court""). Her father's second wife, Elli Hatschek, was arrested with her father, but was tried at a later date. All were sentenced to death,[1][2] three of the sixteen members of the European Union who were executed by the Third Reich. - Lavíčková, née Hatschek, was born in Moravian Ostrava, Czechoslovakia.[3] As an adult, she lived in Prague, where she worked as a secretary. She was involved with the German Resistance group, the European Union, whose members were from various European nations.[2] On September 3, 1943, she was arrested by the Nazis. Tried with her father at the Nazi ""People's Court"", they were both sentenced to death on March 27, 1944. Before her execution, she was imprisoned at the women's prison on Barnimstrasse, in Berlin.[4] Her father's second wife, Elli Hatschek, was arrested with her father, but was tried separately.[5] She was also sentenced to death, charged with being connected to the European Union and with Wehrkraftzersetzung, a crime which included ""undermining the military"". Lavíčková's father was executed by fallbeil (""falling axe"") on May 15, 1944 at Brandenburg-Görden Prison. Lavíčková was executed at Plötzensee Prison on August 11, 1944. Including Lavíčková, her father and step-mother, there were sixteen members of the European Union executed by the Nazis.[6] The record of her execution states, ""The convict, who was calm and composed, was laid on the falling axe apparatus without resistance, whereupon the executioner performed the beheading with the guillotine and then reported that the sentence was carried out. The sentence was carried out in 7 seconds, from leading [the prisoner to the guillotine] to notification of completion.""[7] Elli Hatschek was not tried until November 1944. On December 8, 1944, like Lavíčková, she was executed by guillotine at Plötzensee Prison.[5] - Lavíčková was married. Her farewell letter, written before her execution, is addressed to Ilsinko and Friedl.[3][note 1] - My dear Ilsinko and Friedl, - Now it has arrived, that which we never awaited. When you receive my letter, I will no longer be in pain. My beloved, I am glad that I was able to say goodbye to you yesterday. I know that this is wrenching for you, but you must think about what you told me. Only look forward! For life, it's enough when someone has another person for whom he lives and you both have that. You know my last wishes. The inheritance from Father that should fall to me, belongs to you, Ilsinko. And my biggest request of you is please do not leave my dearest Honza alone in the difficult hours that await him, until he has again found his inner peace. If there is an afterlife, then I will live for him and for you both. In my horoscope, it says that death will find me fully conscious and so will it be for me too, when it comes in a few hours. You can believe me, I am completely calm and partly glad that all sorrow has an end. If I still feel any anguish at all now, it is in thoughts about you. But I know, you have so much vitality, that with time, you will emerge from this pain and I will pray for you in my last hour, that it will be your last and that from now on, everything turns toward the good. I will see my Mama, beloved above all, and my loving Father again and I am very glad for this. The attached letter to Honza, please give to him personally—and in a moment that you find appropriate. Give my love to everyone I have loved, especially Hana, Pepo and Viktor. - Once again, thank you for all your love, for your courage and sacrifice. In spirit, I embrace you for the last time and close with the words, Errare humanum — post tenebras spero lucem! - -Your Krista",2023-08-26 18:46:56 -Southern Image - Wikipedia,"Southern Image (foaled April 7, 2000) is a millionaire American Thoroughbred racehorse and successful sire. He was bred in Florida by Arthur I. Appleton He finished racing with a record of 6-1-1 in 8 starts and earnings of $1,843,750. Southern Image was best known for his 2004 wins in the grade one Pimlico Special and the grade one Santa Anita Handicap which made him the third ever to win both prestigious races on separate coasts of the United States. The others were Farma Way and Seabiscuit.[2] He also won the Florida/California Sunshine Millions Classic and the grade 1 Malibu Stakes. - Southern Image was sold as a two-year-old for $300,000, the second-highest-priced horse at the Ocala Breeders' Sale in March 2003 two-year-old in training sale. He raced only once late in his two year season and won a maiden special weight race at six and a half furlongs at Santa Anita Park by three lengths. He earned $28,800. - At age three, Southern Image started the season with a third-place finish in a Triple Crown prep race to Breeders' Cup Juvenile runner-up Kafwain in the $150,000 grade two San Vicente Stakes at Santa Anita. During that race, he sustained a slight injury and had to be rested over the next five months. He came back to the track and won an allowance race in August 2003 at eight and a half furlongs at Del Mar Racetrack. In December, Southern Image scored his biggest victory of the year in the $250,000 grade two Malibu Stakes at seven furlongs at Santa Anita over Midas Eyes. He finished the year with a record of (3): 2-0-1 and earnings of $202,800.[3] - In January 2004, Southern Image won the $1,000,000 stakes called the Sunshine Millions Classic at nine furlongs at Santa Anita by three lengths over Excess Summer and The Judge Sez Who. In March, he won the $1,000,000 grade one Santa Anita Handicap at ten furlongs at Santa Anita Park in a time of 2:01.64 over Island Fashion and Saint Buddy. - In May, Southern Image was shipped 3,000 miles east to run in the $600,000 grade one Pimlico Special at ""Old Hilltop"" in Baltimore, Maryland. He came into the Special off four straight victories at Santa Anita. The field was depleted on race day by the scratch of dual classic winner Funny Cide. The race also included the Preakness Stakes runner-up Midway Road, grade one winner Evening Attire, graded stakes winner Bowman's Band, and Dynever, who finished third in the prior year's Breeders' Cup Classic. - Southern Image went off as the favorite at 9-5 because of his ""Big Cap"" score. He broke well and assumed the lead passing the stands for the first time. Going around the famous club house turn at Pimlico Race Course, jockey Victor Espinoza took hold. Throughout the backstretch and around the far turn in a 1/2 mile of :47, Southern Image sat back in second just off the right rear flank of leader Midway Road. At the top of the lane, he fought back a challenge from Bowman's Band and wore down the leader. He recorded a Beyer speed figure of 119 and a #1 on the Ragozian sheets and finished the mile and 3/16 race on dirt in 1:55.4, defeating runner-up Midway Road by 1-1/2 lengths, with third-place finisher Bowman's Band another 2 1/2 lengths behind them. - One month later, Southern Image finished second in the $800,000 grade one Stephen Foster Handicap at Churchill Downs. He lost to Colonial Colony by a nose and defeated multiple graded stakes winner Perfect Drift. He concluded his four-year-old season in 2004 with a record of (4): 3-1-0 and earnings of $1,612,150. - Southern Image stands at Taylor Made Farm in Nicholasville, Kentucky. He is also standing during the Southern Hemisphere season at Widden Stud, Australia, beginning in 2006. -",2023-08-26 18:46:59 -1865 Liverpool Town Council election - Wikipedia," - -Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1865. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years. - Seven of the sixteen wards were uncontested. - After the election, the composition of the council was: - Because nine of the sixteen wards were uncontested, these statistics should be taken in that context. - * - Retiring Councillor seeking re-election - [1] - [2] - [3] - [4] - [5] - [6] - [7] - [8] -[9] - At the meeting of the council on 9 November 1865, the terms of office of eight alderman expired. - The following eight were elected as Aldermen by the council (Aldermen and Councillors) on 9 November 1865 for a term of six years. - * - re-elected aldermen. - [10] -",2023-08-26 18:47:04 -Stewartpeckius - Wikipedia," - Stewartpeckius is a monotypic genus of hubbardiid short-tailed whipscorpions, first described by Reddell & Cokendolpher in 1995.[1] Its single species, Stewartpeckius troglobius is distributed in Jamaica.[2] - - This arachnid-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:47:08 -Charles Richard Weld - Wikipedia," - Charles Richard Weld (1813–1869) was an English writer, known as a historian of the Royal Society. - Born at Windsor in August 1813, he was the son of Isaac Weld (d. 1824) of Dublin, by his second marriage of 1812, to Lucy, only daughter of Eyre Powell of Great Connell, Kildare; he was therefore half-brother to Isaac Weld. In 1820 he accompanied his parents to France, where they occupied a château near Dijon. After his father's death he attended classes at Trinity College, Dublin, but took no degree. - In 1839 Weld went to London and became secretary to the Statistical Society. He studied at the Middle Temple and was called to the bar on 22 November 1844; but, advised by Sir John Barrow, he became in 1845 assistant secretary and librarian to the Royal Society, a post which he held for sixteen years. The senior secretary at the time was Peter Mark Roget, who encouraged Weld's historical work. - In 1861 he resigned his post at the Royal Society, and became a partner in the publishing business with Lovell Reeve. He was in charge of the philosophical department of the 1862 International Exhibition in London, and a district superintendent of the exhibition. He represented Great Britain at the Paris Exhibition of 1867. - Weld died suddenly at his residence (since 1865), Bellevue, New Bridge Hill, near Bath, on 15 January 1869. A portrait of Charles Richard Weld is prefixed to the posthumous ‘Notes on Burgundy’ which he was preparing for the press at the time of his death. - His best-known work, A History of the Royal Society with Memoirs of the Presidents, compiled from Authentic Documents (London), appeared in two volumes in 1848 . The book was illustrated by drawings made by Mrs. Weld, and was a supplement to the histories of Thomas Birch and Thomas Thomson. An appendix to the volumes, the Descriptive Catalogue of the Portraits in the possession of the Royal Society,’ compiled by Weld for the council in 1860. - Weld wrote a series of Vacation Tours. They were: - Many of these books were illustrated by the author's own sketches. - Weld was the main assistant of Sir John Franklin in the organisation of his Arctic explorations, and was an authority on polar matters connected with the polar circle. He issued in 1850 a lecture on Arctic Expeditions, originally delivered at the London Institution on 6 February 1850, and this was followed by pamphlets on the search for Franklin during 1851. - His report on the Philosophical Instruments and Apparatus for Teaching Science for the Exposition Universelle was printed, and then abridged for the Illustrated London News (5 October 1867). - In 1842 he married Anne, daughter of Henry Selwood and niece of Sir John Franklin; her elder sister, Emily, married Alfred Tennyson, and her youngest sister, Louisa, married Charles Tennyson Turner. He was survived by a widow and a daughter, Agnes Grace Weld. -  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: ""Weld, Charles Richard"". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. -",2023-08-26 18:47:11 -SM UB-149 - Wikipedia,"SM UB-149 was a German Type UB III submarine or U-boat built for the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 22 October 1918 as UB-149[Note 1] . UB-149 was surrendered to Britain in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany on 22 November 1918 and broken up at Swansea in 1922.[1] - She was built by AG Weser of Bremen and following just under a year of construction, launched at Bremen on 19 September 1918. UB-149 carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a 10.5 cm (4.13 in) deck gun. UB-149 would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of 9,090 nautical miles (16,830 km; 10,460 mi). UB-149 had a displacement of 523 t (515 long tons) while surfaced and 653 t (643 long tons) when submerged. Her engines enabled her to travel at 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph) when surfaced and 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) when submerged. - -",2023-08-26 18:47:14 -Enneapterygius trisignatus - Wikipedia," - Enneapterygius trisignatus is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Enneapterygius.[2] It was described by Ronald Fricke in 2001.[3] It is found off northern New Caledonia.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:47:18 -"SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc. - Wikipedia","SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc., 511 F.3d 1186 (Fed. Cir. 2008),[1] was a patent infringement case which determined whether technical documents placed on a company's FTP server could be considered prior art as defined by 35 U.S.C. § 102(b).[2] The United States District Court for the District of Delaware had held four of SRI International's patents invalid due to prior art considerations. - A three-member panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed and remanded the District Court decision. The decision is particularly relevant to patent law because it set the precedent for treatment of electronic information under the Federal Circuit's public accessibility precedents for prior art. The decision is also notable for an impassioned dissent-in-part filed by Judge Kimberly A. Moore. - The case involved four United States patents filed by SRI International, Inc. (SRI). SRI attempted to license these patents to Symantec and Internet Security Systems (ISS). When these negotiations broke down SRI filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court of the District of Delaware, alleging that the patents were infringed by Symantec's ManHunt product and by ISS's Site Protector and Proventia products.[3] Symantec and ISS moved for summary judgement that their products were non-infringing; the motion was denied.[4] ISS and Symantec then moved for summary judgement that the patents were invalid due to prior art considerations. - All of the patents stem form a patent application filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office by SRI on November 9, 1998. The patents involved methods for network intrusion detection. - The '203' patent was approved on November 19, 2002.[5] It outlined a computer-automated method for network monitoring and analysis where network monitors are deployed at gateways, routers or proxy servers. The network monitors detect suspicious network activities based on analysis of network traffic data from information included in the network packet. The suspicious activity is reported to other networks allowing appropriate counter-measures to be applied.[4] - The '615' patent was approved on March 23, 2004.[6] Similar to the '203' patent, it also outlined a computer-automated method for network monitoring and analysis.[4] - The '338' patent was approved on November 20, 2001.[7] It described a particular statistical algorithm for detecting suspicious network activity. In this method a long-term and short-term statistical profile was created from information in the network packets. The short-term profile could then be compared to the long-term profile pointing out changes in network activity, an indication of suspicious network activity.[4] - The '212' patent was approved on March 16, 2004.[8] It described the combination of the statistical algorithm described in the '338' patent with the network monitoring methods described in the '203' and '615' patents.[4] - According to 35 U.S.C. § 102(b), a patent is invalid if ""the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in this country, more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent in the United States"". Since the patent application was filed on November 9, 1998, prior art determination focused on the date of November 9, 1997.[4] - The opinions of this case concentrated on four prominent cases in the determination of a document as a ""printed publication"". In re Bayer,[9] In re Hall,[10] and In re Cronyn[11] were known as ""thesis/library"" cases and were used to define the boundaries of public accessibility of a printed document. The boundaries of public accessibility for a presentation were described in In re Klopfenstein,[12] which is referred to as a dissemination case. - Disputes over patent validity were focused on the existence of two papers on SRI's website. - The EMERALD paper was presented to the National Information Systems Security Conference (NISSC) as ""Event Monitoring Enabling Responses to Anomalous Live Disturbances"".[13] EMERALD was described as a new approach to network surveillance with a streamlined event-analysis system combining signature analysis with statistical profiling. This paper provided part of the description for the '212' patent. This paper was published in October 1997. - The Live Traffic paper was presented at the Internet Society's Networks and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium as ""Live Traffic Analysis of TCP/IP Gateways"".[14] The paper described statistical and signature-based techniques to monitor network traffic. Methods for the '212', '615', '338', and '203' patents were all described in this paper. The paper was published on SRI's website on November 10, 1997. Prior to this publication, the paper had been available on SRI's FTP server starting on August 1, 1997. - The case was heard by District Judge Sue Lewis Robinson on October 17, 2006. She held that the EMERALD paper enabled the '212' patent and that the Live Traffic paper qualified as prior art before November 9, 1997.[4] - The validity of the '212' patent hinged on the description given in the EMERALD paper. SRI argued the EMERALD paper was a ""statement of intent"" and could not be accomplished by a person with ordinary skill. SSI and Symantec contended that the details for implementing these methods were within the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill. Robinson concluded that the '212' patent was anticipated by the EMERALD paper over a year in advance of the patent application and was therefore invalid.[4] - The prior art qualification for the Live Traffic paper centered on the public accessibility of a document available on a FTP server. SRI argued that the FTP site was not publicly accessible because one would need the complete FTP address to view the paper. Additionally, the posting was not indexed and could only be found by an ordinary skilled user through ""dumb luck"". Symantec and SSI countered that on multiple occasions SRI had provided links to the FTP site to multiple members of the intrusion detection community. Furthermore, SRI's FTP site had been referenced by Google Groups and was widely regarded as a repository of information for computer security. Robinson's examination of the case evidence noted that no attempts were made to limit access via password security. Robinson deemed the Live Traffic paper publicly accessible as established by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in the precedent cases In re Bayer,[9] In re Hall,[10] In re Cronyn,[11] and In re Klopfenstein.[12] As such, Robinson ruled that the Live Traffic paper constituted as prior art and that the patents described in the publication were invalid.[4] - SRI subsequently appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. - A three-member panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a decision on January 8, 2008.[1] Writing for the majority, Chief Judge Randall R. Rader upheld the District Court's decision that the '212' patent was enabled by the EMERALD paper and therefore invalid. However, he concluded that there were issues of material fact about whether the Live Traffic paper constituted prior art. Since a grant of summary judgment requires that there be no remaining issues of material fact between the parties, the majority vacated and remanded the District Court's grant of summary judgment that the Live Traffic paper invalidated the '203', '212', '338', and '615' patents. - In the decision, Rader discerned that there were two lines of Federal Circuit precedents which applied to the case. In the ""library/thesis"" line of cases, the Federal Circuit had set precedents regarding how the storage of documents affected their accessibility to persons interested and skilled in the field, and thus their status as prior art. In the ""dissemination"" line of cases, the Federal Circuit had set precedents regarding how dissemination of the document to persons interested and skilled in the field affected their accessibility and thus their status as prior art. As elements of both storage and dissemination occurred in SRI International, Rader's analysis attempted to determine where the case stood in relation to these precedents. - As ""library/thesis"" precedents, Rader cited the Federal Circuit case In re Bayer, which had held that a graduate school thesis that had not been cataloged or placed on library shelves, and that was only known to the three faculty members who served on the thesis committee, did not qualify as a printed publication. Rader also cited the Federal Circuit case In re Cronyn, in which a thesis was placed in a library and indexed by the author's last name, and was determined not to qualify as a printed publication. Rader acknowledged that SRI International had elements in common with In Re Bayer. His analysis likened the uncatalogued nature of the thesis in the library to the posting of the Live Traffic paper on an FTP server which did not allow for searching and did not contain an index. According to Rader, the fact that Porras emailed direct links to those accessing the papers showed that a person skilled in the field would not have been able to access the Live Traffic Paper. Moreover, Rader argued that the public accessibility was less compelling for SRI International than it was for In re Bayer, as the document in the former case was in pre-publication review, while the thesis in the latter had already been completed. - As a ""dissemination"" precedent, Rader cited the Federal Circuit case In re Klopfenstein, which held that information presented on posters at professional conferences qualified as prior art, as the sole intent of such a poster is to publicly communicate research results. Rader recognized that, similar to the posters at a conference, the Live Traffic paper was posted in an open forum and might have been available to anyone with knowledge of FTP and the structure of SRI's FTP server. Unlike the posters at a conference, however, existence of the Live Traffic paper was not publicized or put in a location in which it could be viewed by interested people. According to Rader, SRI's posting of the Live Traffic paper on its FTP server was most similar to ""placing posters at an unpublicized conference with no attendees"". - Rader found that the Live Traffic paper was in a situation much more similar to the uncatalogued thesis in In re Bayer than the publicly disseminated posters in In re Klopfenstein. Rader concluded that the pre-publication Live Traffic paper could not be considered catalogued or indexed in a meaningful way and was not intended to be disseminated to the public. Rader concluded that, without additional information about the structure of SRI's FTP server, genuine issues of fact should have prevented the Delaware District Court from rendering summary judgment on the patent invalidity issues. The Federal Circuit thus vacated and remanded the Delaware District Court's determination of invalidity based on the Live Traffic paper. - Judge Kimberly A. Moore filed a detailed dissent-in-part, agreeing with the majority's decision that the EMERALD paper was enabling, but holding that the Live Traffic paper was publicly accessible and thus a prior art bar to patent validity.[1] According to Moore, SRI failed to show evidence that there were genuine issues of material fact which would prohibit summary judgment, as required by Rule 56(e) of the Federal Rules for Civil Procedure -.[15] Moore argued that the defendants had met the burden of showing that the Live Traffic paper was publicly accessible, both from the ""library/thesis"" standpoint and the ""dissemination"" standpoint, while SRI had failed to provide any contrary evidence which would prevent summary judgment. - Moore analyzed the case under the same precedents as those cited by the majority. She concluded that whereas the thesis in In re Bayer had not been catalogued, the structure of SRI's FTP server made the Live Traffic paper publicly accessible. According to Moore, the defendants had presented evidence that, given the host address for SRI's FTP server, one only needed to enter two directories to obtain the Live Traffic paper. The paper was stored under a directory titled ""EMERALD"", which she argued would have been an obvious searching place for anyone looking for information on the project. Moreover, the Live Traffic paper was stored under the name ""ndss98.ps"", the acronym for 1998 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, a well-known conference. This evidence, according to Moore, was sufficient for a determination that the Live Traffic paper was not at all similar to the thesis in In re Bayer. Thus, Moore held that the ""library/thesis"" cases could not be applied to deny the defendants their motion for summary judgment of patent invalidity. - Moore also analyzed the case under the precedents set by the ""dissemination"" cases. In discussing the pertinence of In re Klopfenstein, Moore analyzed each of that case's four requirements for patent invalidity due to public disseminations. According to Moore, the Live Traffic paper was available on the FTP server 24 hours per day for seven days, longer than the three days during which the posters from In re Klopfenstein were displayed. Thus, the Live Traffic paper met the first requirement of being available for longer than a transient period. Moreover, SRI had admitted during oral arguments that the target audience of the paper was members of the Internet security community. The defendants showed that this community included people who knew how to use SRI's FTP server and actually used it to share information. Thus, the FTP server met the second requirement of being accessible to experts in the field. Furthermore, neither Porras nor SRI took any steps to ensure that the paper would not be copied. Porras emailed links to the paper to many people outside of SRI and failed to take protective measures such as non-disclosure agreements or even disclaimers. Thus, the Live Traffic paper met the third requirement of failing to create a reasonable expectation that the work would not be copied. Finally, the very nature of the Live Traffic paper as an electronic document forced it to meet the fourth requirement that the document be easy to copy. Thus, Moore held that the ""dissemination"" cases clearly showed that the Live Traffic paper was publicly accessible. - SRI International is discussed at length in patent attorney Eric Guttag's treatise Applying the Printed Publication Bar in the Internet Age.[16] Guttag argues that SRI International has contributed to a growing confusion about whether electronic documents should be considered printed publications due to the Federal Circuit's conflation between the ""dissemination"" of a document and whether the document is publicly accessible, as in the ""library/thesis"" cases. Guttag is highly critical of the majority opinion's decision to simply cite In Re Bayer and In Re Klopfenstein without any real analysis and agrees that Judge Moore's much more careful analysis of the factors enunciated in In Re Klopfenstein are hard to overcome. Guttag concludes, however, that the simple fact that there is a disagreement between Moore and the majority is sufficient to support the majority's assertion that there are issues of material fact in the case and that summary judgment of invalidity is inappropriate. -",2023-08-26 18:47:21 -Your Money's Worth - Wikipedia,"Your Money's Worth: A study in the waste of the consumer's dollar is a 1927 nonfiction book on consumerism written by Stuart Chase and Frederick J. Schlink. It is notable for becoming popular enough to initiate a consumer protection movement. Soon after publication, its authors founded Consumers' Research, the organization that employed the founders of Consumers Union/Consumer Reports. - The book was a protest against marketing practices that made it difficult for consumers to be able to judge the value of products. It analyzed the ways in which Americans made purchase decisions and gave measurements of the extent to which products could serve the purpose that manufacturer claims stated that they could. - The authors requested an ""extension of the principle of buying goods according to impartial scientific tests rather than according to the fanfare and trumpets of the higher salesmanship.""[1] - In retrospect, a book reviewer in 1937 said that before the book was published that discussions about the consumer only happened in the context of women's magazines, home economics, or by unorthodox economists like Simon Patten, Thorstein Veblen, or Wesley Clair Mitchell.[2] - At the time of research, the authors found that the United States published 11,000 product specifications to guide manufacturing and that private industries had developed many more. These specifications covered a wide range of products including “foodstuffs, soaps, metal polishes, hooks and eyes, motorboat engines … and so on indefinitely.”[1] Despite the specifications existing, the authors claimed that manufacturers did not follow safety specifications and additionally were more interested in selling products than meeting the needs of consumers.[1] The authors assert that market forces alone are not producing a market that serves consumers' best interests.[1] - Your Money’s Worth argued that marketers of products used unfair practices in order to illegitimately coerce consumers. These practices included outright fraud in misrepresenting the quality and utility of products in advertising, promoting high-pressure sales practices, adding non-functional styling for deceptive purposes, and engineering products for planned obsolescence.[3] The book also critiqued product differentiation on superficial grounds such as when various manufacturers sell nearly identical products but with different advertising and branding because this practice drives sales to benefit the marketer without also equally increasing value to consumers.[3] Also, the book complains of lack of standardization, such as when sewing machines require highly specific parts unique to each brand when the parts could have been designed to be universal.[3] - Your Money’s Worth recommended that the public be skeptical about advertising claims, make some products at home, support the government in setting product standards, and support the creation of impartial testing research centers.[4] - The book’s release resulted in the publisher receiving hundreds of letters from people requesting more information about consumer products.[5][4] Within months, Your Money’s Worth became a best seller and a featured book in the Book of the Month Club.[1] - Schlink and Chase, encouraged by the public response, solicited financial, editorial, and technical support from patrons of other activist magazines to found a new organization called Consumers' Research from roots in an existing White Plains, New York local consumer club.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:47:25 -Perepelkin (Martian crater) - Wikipedia,"Perepelkin Crater is an impact crater in the Arcadia quadrangle of the planet Mars. It is located at 52.8°N latitude and 64.6°W longitude. It is 77 km in diameter. It was named after Russian astronomer Yevgeny Perepyolkin.[1] - Much of the crater is covered with a mantle that is believed to be ice-rich and to have fallen from the atmosphere when the climate was different. In one of the images below mantle can be seen; also some places when the mantle has disappeared, channels are visible. - Researchers have noticed a smooth mantle covering much of Mars.[2] Some parts are eroded revealing rough surfaces while others possess layers. It's generally accepted that mantle is ice-rich dust that fell from the sky as snow and ice-coated dust grains during a different climate [3] One evidence of its ice-rich nature is the presence of gullies which form when some of the ice melts.[4][5][6] Only a few hours of flow can result in erosion .[7] In higher latitudes, such as around Milankovic Crater, the mantle is thicker and may contain rounded shapes called scallops .[8] These are thought to be caused by the sublimation of ice in the mantle. Several models have been advanced to explain them; some include a small amount of melting at times.[9][10][11][12] - Perepelkin Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). - Channels and mantle, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). Channels are exposed where the mantle has disappeared. -",2023-08-26 18:47:29 -Gwenafwy - Wikipedia," -Saint Gwenafwy (Wenappa) (fl. 6th c.) was a pre-congregational saint of medieval South Wales.[1] -She was a daughter of Caw of Strathclyde,[2][3] and sister of Peillan, Eigron and Peithein among others.[4] She went to Cornwall with her brother Eigron where she is the patroness of Gwennap.[5] - Her feast day is 1 July.[6] - - This Catholic Church–related biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:47:33 -Meytal Cohen - Wikipedia,"Meytal Cohen (Hebrew: מיטל כהן; born August 9, 1983[2]) is an Israeli-American drummer and one of the founding members of the American heavy metal band Meytal. She was born in Ramat Gan, Israel and is the youngest of seven children with four sisters and two brothers.[3] Her online video project, which began in 2010, saw Cohen performing drum covers of popular rock and heavy metal songs, and amassing a huge fan base[4] that has resulted in more than 100 million total views.[5] In August 2015, Meytal's first studio album Alchemy was released. Co-produced by Cohen and Sahaj Ticotin, the album peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, No. 5 on the Hard Rock Albums Chart and No. 7 on the Independent Albums chart.[6] - Cohen was Israeli-born in Ramat Gan, the seventh child of a large family. Her parents were born in Iraq.[7] She studied tap dance,[8] and graduated with a theater major from Blich High School in Ramat Hen; at the age of 18 she started playing drums and for two years served in the Israel Defense Forces, At the age of 20 she moved to Los Angeles.[9] She studied at Los Angeles Music Academy, majoring in percussion.[9][10] - After graduation from Los Angeles Music Academy, she played with her band ""Metaphor"",[11] which also included Tina Guo on cello, Anna Stafford on violin, and Ali Wood on piano, playing concert tours in Australia, the United States, Mexico, South America and Europe in 2007.[12][13][14] The all-female Led Zeppelin cover band ""Moby Chick"" joined their tour in Puerto Rico. - Starting in 2010, Cohen has had an online video project, performing ""drum covers"" of popular rock songs. This has brought her a fan base and recognition: her 2009 cover of System of a Down's ""Toxicity"" had approximately 10.9 million views as of 2016;[9][15] her YouTube drum series had over 60 million views as of 2014.[2] Her number of Facebook followers in 2013 was said to be greater than that of any other Israeli woman with 369,000 ""likes"", outpacing supermodel Bar Refaeli; ahead of President Shimon Peres but behind Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[7][16] She was also featured in an American TV show and two Australian shows. - On 9 July 2013, Cohen started a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign called ""Breaking YouTube"" whose purpose was to raise funds to create original music and move beyond covering songs on YouTube. On 10 August 2013, the Kickstarter campaign raised US$144,341 with 3,173 ""backers"".[17] - In her performances and videos, she uses a DW Performance Series drum kit and Meinl cymbals, and is currently an endorsed artist of both Drum Workshop and Meinl.[10][18] - Her band's debut album Alchemy was very well received by the critics,[19] with some even calling Alchemy ""all of the best elements in a mainstream hard rock band, done better""[20] and reached the #1 position in the Heatseekers chart, as well as #5 in the Hard Rock and #7 in the Independent Artists chart on Billboard in 2015.[21] - Cohen uses a drum kit made by DW Drums,[22] with heads by Remo[23] and Meinl cymbals.[24] She uses Vic Firth drumsticks.[25] - Cohen also plays in a heavy metal band, who support her live shows. The band is commonly referred to as ""Meytal"",[26] released its first album Alchemy on July 24, 2015, and its members include : - - - The Witness Album (2019) -",2023-08-26 18:47:36 -Ted Jackson - Wikipedia,"Ted M. Jackson (born 1956) is an American photojournalist, writer and public speaker who has spent over three decades exploring the human condition while covering news, sports and features for the Times-Picayune in New Orleans, Louisiana. He contributes to the newspaper’s extensive gallery of photographs of the Greater New Orleans Area.[1] - Jackson graduated high school at McComb's Parklane Academy in 1974 and proceeded in his education to Southwest Mississippi Community College and University of Southern Mississippi. After graduation he worked for 2 years with the Daily Iberian in New Iberia, Louisiana, and then joined TheTimes-Picayune[2] in 1984. - Among other awards, Jackson received the 2003 Community Photojournalism award from the American Society of News Editors (ASNE).[3] After a stint as correspondent during the 1990s U.S. intervention into Haiti, Jackson in 1997 shared a Sigma Delta Chi Award and a Pulitzer Prize for his photographic work on Oceans of Trouble, a documentary about the world's troubled fisheries.[4] - Jackson gained attention for his work during and after Hurricane Katrina in 2005,[5] a natural disaster[6] that presented him with many moral and ethical dilemmas. Many of his photographs appeared in the 2006 Times-Picayune book Katrina: The Ruin and Recovery of New Orleans.[7] - Jackson's photographic work during and after Katrina and his knowledge of the affected areas were critical to relief workers, including those who came to work with his own (Mandeville, Louisiana) Tammany Oaks Church of Christ with which he served as an elder.[8] Jackson is married to Nancy Jackson, and they have two grown sons—Christopher Jackson and Jeremiah Jackson. Ted and Nancy Jackson live in Covington, Louisiana.[9] Jackson is also the author of You Ought To Do A Story About Me, a biography of former football player Jackie Wallace and his struggle with addiction.[10] -",2023-08-26 18:47:39 -Special routes of U.S. Route 63 - Wikipedia," - Twelve special routes of U.S. Route 63 currently exist. Arkansas and Missouri each contain five, with two in Iowa. There are also five former routings that have been removed from the system. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Route 63 Business (US 63B and Hwy. 63B) is a 0.838-mile (1.349 km) business route of U.S. Route 63 in the small town of Hermitage, Arkansas.[3] - US 63B begins at US 63 in Hermitage in South Arkansas. Highway 160 also comes into this junction along US 63, turning south at the junction. US 63B runs north as Main Street, passing through the commercial district of the town before turning right onto Grand Avenue. Now running east, US 63B passes one block north of the historic Hermitage City Hall and Jail and Hermitage Volunteer Fire Department before continuing east and terminating at US 63. - The designation was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission along a former segment of US 63 on January 11, 2000.[2] - The entire route is in Bradley County. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Route 63 Business (US 63B and Hwy. 63B) is a 2.699-mile (4.344 km) business route of U.S. Route 63 in Warren, the county seat of Bradley County, Arkansas. - The route's southern terminus is at US 63 at the northern city limits of Warren. The junction also serves as the northern terminus of Highway 189. US 63B runs south as Myrtle Street (past Warren High School) until turning onto Bond Street near the Davis-Adams House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[5] After one block, the route turns south onto Main Street and runs through downtown Warren. Passing historic structures, including the Bradley County Courthouse and Clerk's Office, Blankinship Motor Company Building, Warren Post Office, and the Ederington House (all NRHP listed). Between Church Street and Central Street the highway overlaps with US 278B.[6] After the Central Street intersection, US 63B runs south to terminate at its parent route.[3] - The route was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission as Highway 15 Business (AR 15B) along a former alignment of AR 15 following completion of a bypass around downtown Warren.[7] Shortly thereafter, the route was renumbered to US 63B when US 63 supplanted AR 15 as part of an extension south from West Memphis to Ruston, Louisiana; approved by AASHTO on October 2, 1999.[4] - The entire route is in Bradley County. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Route 63 Business (US 63B and Hwy. 63B) is a business route of 2.735 miles (4.402 km) in Craighead County, Arkansas. - US 63B begins at US 63 at the southern edge of the small town of Bono in the Arkansas Delta.[10] The roadway continues northwesterly, paralleling the BNSF Railway tracks through a commercial part of town. US 63B serves as the eastern terminus of Highway 230 (Church Street) near the center of town before continuing northwest to terminate at the parent route.[10] - US 63B was created in Bono along a former alignment of US 63 following construction of a new bypass to the west of town. The Arkansas State Highway Commission created the designation on November 17, 2004,[11] and the designation was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) on May 29, 2014.[8] - The entire route is in Bono, Craighead County. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Highway 63 Business (US 63B and Hwy. 63B) is a business route of 4.26 miles (6.86 km) in Lawrence County, Arkansas. - US 63B begins at US 63 in Walnut Ridge, a small city on Crowley's Ridge in Northeast Arkansas. The two-lane road runs northwest, paralleling the BNSF Railway tracks and crossing under a freeway segment of US 67 (with no connection) before entering Hoxie as Lindsey Street. After passing through a residential section, US 63B crosses the Union Pacific Railroad tracks before intersecting AR 367; the two routes form a concurrency southbound as Texas Street for four blocks. The concurrency ends at Hartigan Road (a one-way pair), US 63B turns northwest and passes Hoxie High School and the Hoxie School District administration offices. The route curves to again parallel the BNSF railroad tracks before a junction with US 63, where it terminates.[14][12] - The Arkansas State Highway Commission created the US 63B designation in Hoxie on May 13, 1998. The designation was established following completion of a bypass around the town, with US 63 rerouted onto the bypass and US 63B created along former US 63 through downtown.[13] - Mileage reflects northbound travel. -The entire route is in Lawrence County. - Main Street[16] U.S. Highway 63 Business (US 63B, Hwy. 63B, and Main Street) is a business route in Hardy, Arkansas. - US 63B begins near the western city limits of Hardy at US 63 and runs east toward the Spring River as Main Street concurrently with US 62/US 412. Shortly after beginning, US 63B has a junction ending the US 62/US 412 concurrency; US 63B continues eastbound alone into the Hardy Downtown Historic District.[19] The highway intersects Spring Street (former AR 175) and parallels the BNSF Railroad and Spring River, passing through downtown Hardy and the historic Lee Weaver House.[20] East of downtown, US 63B passes a historic residential section of homes with notable vernacular architecture, including the Sherman Bates House,[21] Sherman and Merlene Bates House,[22] Carrie Tucker House,[23] Fred Graham House,[24] and the Web Long House and Motel[25] before intersecting US 62/US 63/US 412, where it terminates.[16][26] - The Arkansas State Highway Commission created the designation in 2006 along US 63 through downtown Hardy following construction of a bypass of the town, with the US 63 designation moving onto the new terrain route.[27] The change was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials on November 20, 2014.[18] - The entire route is in Sharp County. - U.S. Route 63 Business U.S. Highway 63 Business is a business route in West Plains, Missouri. It starts about 0.75 miles (1.21 km) north of Missouri Supplemental Highway ZZ, and locally is known as Bill Virdon Blvd. As the road starts to turn to the west around Grace Ave., the road changes names to East Main St., passing by Ozark Action. About 0.25 miles (0.40 km) west of Ozark Action at Howell Ave., East Main St. turns off at Howell Ave., and the road is named Jackie Garrett Dr., after a local service station owner for many years. The station is at the corner of Porter Wagoner Blvd. and Broadway. Crossing Washington Ave near Court Square, the road changes names again to Broadway. After running as Broadway for about 1 mile (1.6 km), the road turns toward the north again at Porter Wagoner Blvd., where the Garrett service station stands, and remains that name until it meets back with US 63 near the Wayhaven area of West Plains. - U.S. Route 63 Business U.S. Highway 63 Business is a business route in Willow Springs, Missouri, and coincides with Business US 60. - U.S. Route 63 Connector A connector highway exists in Columbia, Missouri. This route begins/ends at US 63 and intersects Interstate 70 and Interstate 70 Business.[29] - U.S. Route 63 Business U.S. Highway 63 Business is a business route in Moberly, Missouri. - U.S. Route 63 Business U.S. Highway 63 Business is a business route in Kirksville, Missouri. - U.S. Highway 63 Business U.S. Highway 63 Business is a business route in Ottumwa, Iowa. - The entire route is in Wapello County. - U.S. Highway 63 Business U.S. Highway 63 Business is a business route in New Hampton, Iowa. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Route 63 Business (US 63B and Hwy. 63B) is a former 7.30-mile (11.75 km) business route of US 63 in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.[33] - The route began at Exit 43 on I-530/US 79; where US 63 joins the freeway eastbound and the northbound Olive Street continuing as US 63B. Olive Street runs north, bridging Bayou Bartholomew and entering a residential section of the city. It passed the historic McDonald's Store #433 Sign, as well as the Puddephatt House and Howson House before turning onto Harding Avenue and then to Main Street. It turned onto 8th Street, entering the Pine Bluff Commercial Historic District and passing the George Howard Jr. Federal Building and United States Courthouse, Arts and Science Center for Southeast Arkansas, the Pine Bluff Civic Center, and the Pine Bluff Convention Center. US 63B next turned onto Convention Center Drive and briefly overlapping Highway 190 (5th Avenue/6th Avenue, a one-way pair) and crossing the Union Pacific Railway tracks before turning onto US 65B (Martha Mitchell Expressway) eastbound. US 63B followed US 65B until an intersection with US 63/US 79, where US 63B terminated - The route was created by renumbering Highway 15 Business (AR 15B) when US 63 supplanted AR 15 as part of an extension south from West Memphis to Ruston, Louisiana; approved by AASHTO on October 2, 1999.[4] The designation was deleted in November 2020; with the segment along Olive Street between I-530 and Harding Street becoming a new segment of Highway 463.[31] - The entire route was in Pine Bluff, Jefferson County. - U.S. Highway 63S U.S. Route 63 Spur (US 63S and Hwy. 63S) is a former spur route of 0.8 miles (1.3 km) in Hazen, Arkansas. - US 63S began at US 63 in Hazen, a small town on the Arkansas Grand Prairie. The route ran west as North Front Street through a residential area, paralleling the former Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad tracks, since converted to the Hazen Trail and the Railroad Prairie Natural Area. US 63B continued west past the historic Rock Island Depot[35] before turning left onto Livermore Street and terminating at US 70 (South Front Street) in downtown Hazen.[36] - The roadway was previously part of Highway 11 (AR 11),[37] and was later redesignated Highway 11 Spur.[38] The US 63B designation replaced AR 11S when US 63 supplanted AR 11 as part of an extension south from West Memphis to Ruston, Louisiana; approved by AASHTO on October 2, 1999.[4] On February 6, 2008, the Arkansas State Highway Commission relinquished control of the roadway to local maintenance.[34] - The entire route was in Hazen, Prairie County. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Highway 63 Business (US 63B and Hwy. 63B) is a former business route of 2.4 miles (3.9 km) in Marked Tree, Poinsett County, Arkansas.[39] - US 63B began at an exit along I-555/US 63 and the northern terminus of AR 149 in Marked Tree, a small town in the Arkansas Delta. It ran northeast as 10th Street to turn onto Frisco Street, with the roadway continuing straight as AR 308 toward the Marked Tree Municipal Airport. Now paralleling the BNSF Railway tracks, the route passed through the Marked Tree Commercial Historic District, the historic commercial center of the city, before an intersection with Gayosa Street.[42] US 63B turned left onto Gayosa Street, beginning an concurrency with AR 14, with AR 140 beginning eastward from this junction. US 63B/AR 14 continued southwest together over the St. Francis River to I-555/US 63, where US 63B terminated.[39] - Mainline US 63 was rerouted onto the bypass with US 63B designated along the former alignment through downtown Marked Tree.[40] It was deleted on May 20, 2019[41] when US 63 was rerouted to overlap US 49 between Brinkley and Jonesboro, thus removing US 63 from Interstate 555 (I-555), which it had overlapped between West Memphis and Jonesboro.[43] - This table reflects the highway's junctions upon decommissioning. -The entire route was in Marked Tree, Poinsett County. - U.S. Highway 63C U.S. Route 63 City (US 63C and Hwy. 63C) is a former city route of 1.7 miles (2.7 km) in Trumann, Arkansas. - The US 63C designation began at US 63 (now AR 463 in Trumann, a small town in Northeast Arkansas. It ran northeast along Melton Avenue before curving northwest and paralleling the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (Frisco) railroad tracks. The highway designation turned onto Oak Street through a residential area before turning onto Pine Street for one block, then onto Speedway Street to again parallel the Frisco railroad before terminating at an intersection with US 63. The roadway continued west as AR 69.[44] - The Arkansas General Assembly passed the Act 148 of 1957, the Milum Road Act, creating 10–12 miles (16–19 km) of new state highways in each county.[47] The City of Trumann requested the Arkansas State Highway Commission add this segment to the state highway system as a city truck route, however adding routes within municipalities was not permitted initially. Following a change in policy, Trumann again requested the route's addition, which was granted on March 4, 1959.[45] US 63C was deleted on October 28, 1970, with the segment between US 63 (now AR 463) and Pine Avenue becoming an extension of AR 69 and the remainder becoming a city street.[46] - The entire route was in Trumann, Poinsett County. - U.S. Highway 63B U.S. Highway 63 Business (U.S. 63B, formerly U.S. Highway 63 City [U.S. 63C]) was a 10.3-mile (16.6 km) business route of U.S. Route 63 in Craighead County.[49] The route ran through downtown Jonesboro until being redesignated Arkansas Highway 91 on October 27, 2006. - US 63 BUS ran northwest from US 63 to meet AR 18. US 63 BUS/AR 18 became Highland Drive east across US 49/AR 1 and north with AR 141 (former US 49 BUS). The route ran west as Dan Ave. to terminate at US 63. - In 1961, the Arkansas Highway Department collaborated with the city planning division of Arkansas State University, the City of Jonesboro, and Craighead County to develop transportation plans for the area. The top priority in the plan was the ""Johnson Street Connection"", which connected Main Street (AR 1) and US 63 along Johnson Avenue, Floyd Street, and Dan Avenue. On November 8, 1961, the Arkansas State Highway Commission designated the Johnson Avenue Extension as U.S. 63 City Route (US 63C).[48] Following construction of a bypass around downtown Jonesboro; US 63 was rerouted onto the new bypass; with US 63C and former alignments of US 63 becoming part of a newly designated US 63B, including concurrencies with AR 1 (Main Street) and AR 18 (Highland Avenue). The changes were made by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on May 27, 1970[50] and were officially confirmed by the United States Route Number Committee of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) later in the year.[51] -",2023-08-26 18:47:43 -"Walnut, Illinois - Wikipedia"," - Walnut is a village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. People from Walnut are identified as “Walnutties” as a unique response to the demonym.[citation needed] The population was 1,311 at the 2020 census, down from 1,416 at the 2010 census[2] and 1,461 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Ottawa Micropolitan Statistical Area. The village was originally incorporated on October 26, 1876.[3] - Walnut is located at  WikiMiniAtlas41°33′23″N 89°35′29″W / 41.55639°N 89.59139°W / 41.55639; -89.59139 (41.556404, -89.591503).[4] - According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Walnut has a total area of 0.80 square miles (2.07 km2), all land.[1] - As of the 2020 census[8] there were 1,311 people, 562 households, and 362 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,636.70 inhabitants per square mile (631.93/km2). There were 578 housing units at an average density of 721.60 per square mile (278.61/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 96.49% White, 0.15% African American, 0.15% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 3.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.59% of the population. - There were 562 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.80% were married couples living together, 9.61% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.59% were non-families. 33.63% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.55% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 2.30. - The village's age distribution consisted of 21.3% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males. - The median income for a household in the village was $48,382, and the median income for a family was $69,605. Males had a median income of $39,833 versus $21,420 for females. The per capita income for the village was $25,790. About 7.2% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over. -",2023-08-26 18:47:47 -Frassati Catholic High School - Wikipedia,"Frassati Catholic High School is a private, Catholic coeducational secondary school located in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, near the Spring CDP and in Greater Houston. Frassati Catholic High School is administered by the Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia Congregation from Nashville, Tennessee. The patron saint of this school is Pier Giorgio Frassati.[7] It was the first Catholic high school to be established in the northern portion of Greater Houston.[8] - Prior to the opening of the school, residents of the northern parts of Greater Houston wishing to attend Catholic school had to drive long distances to Houston's Catholic high schools; the nearest such school was 45 minutes away by car. Individuals and/or organizations began attempting to establish a northside Catholic high school in the 1990s.[9] - The North Houston Catholic High School Committee formed in 2007 in order to establish a Catholic high school serving northern portions of Greater Houston.[7] Members of the committee's board of directors included members of Catholic churches in Harris County and southern Montgomery County.[10] In 2008 it wrote a feasibility plan, and then wrote or obtained the curriculum, architectural design, and budget; Cardinal Daniel DiNardo gave his approval to these plans in October 2008. In 2009 the committee received a status as a nonprofit organization and acquired the land, spending $2 million, in December of that year. In 2010 the Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia agreed to operate the school.[7] - In July 2011, DiNardo announced that the new high school would be named after Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati, Man of the Beatitudes.[11] As of 2012 the school administration planned to spend a total of $70 million on the facility. About $25–35 million was to be spent on the facility's first phase, with $10 million for the initial structure and an additional $15–25 million for the remainder.[7] The members of the student committee Friends of Frassati campaigned for candidates for the mascots at area middle schools and during a field day event held at the Creekside YMCA. 100 potential mascots were in consideration. The mascot, the falcons, was selected in an online poll held on Friday November 16, 2012; 461 persons voted.[8] - On August 25, 2012 groundbreaking on the first portion occurred.[12] For its faculty it was initially scheduled to have three sisters as well as three other faculty.[10] Frassati Catholic High School opened in 2013 to an initial freshman (9th grade) class.[13] In 2014 the school had 72 students;[14] this increased to 94 in early 2015,[15] 160 later in 2015 and 230 in 2016.[14] - By October 2014 the school established a capital campaign to secure funding for campus additions.[9] Groundbreaking of Phase 1B occurred on October 28, 2014 with construction expected to be completed in the fall of 2015.[12] In 2015, the school welcomed its third class of freshmen, doubling the student population.[citation needed] - The region in which the school planned to draw its students is the area south of Conroe, west of Lake Houston, north of Beltway 8, and east of Texas State Highway 249.[7] Communities within the area include Conroe, Cypress, Humble, Kingwood, Spring, Tomball, and The Woodlands.[10] In October 2014 that area had six Catholic parish primary schools, one private Catholic elementary school, and twelve Catholic parishes.[9] - The campus is on a 63-acre (25 ha) plot of land along Spring Stuebner Road, about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Interstate 45.[7] - The capacity of this first phase was to be 130 students.[8] The first building, which was to have a stone façade,[7] has twelve classrooms and two science laboratories,[15] and it was scheduled to include a chapel, library, and commons.[7] The total area of Phase 1A is 21,580 square feet (2,005 m2) of space.[15] The uppermost floor was to be decorated with glass.[7] The administration believed the facilities would be sufficient for the first two years of the school's life.[8] - Phase 1B had two components: additional classroom space,[12] and a 54,000-square-foot (5,000 m2) student life building; the latter includes a gymnasium, a 400-600-person assembly hall, a concession stand,[16] a fine/performing/visual arts area,[17] locker rooms, offices for coaching staff, a team meeting room, a training room, and a weight room. The gymnasium can be used as a 1,000-seat competition gymnasium, and it has two courts for basketball and volleyball matches.[16] Games and practices may be held at the same time in the gymnasium. The assembly hall may be used for fine arts performances.[17] The center opened on May 2, 2016 during a mass held by Cardinal DiNardo.[16] - Phase 1B's second academic building is a mirror image of the inaugural Phase 1A building. The gymnasium and fine arts building was completed in March 2016.[18] - Frassati Catholic High School has an ethics and culture curriculum. Over their four years, students at Frassati Catholic take courses on Catholic philosophy (in the Dominican and Thomistic tradition),[19] ethics, and bioethics. Seniors finish their requirements in the department by taking an Ethics & Culture Seminar.[20] - Frassati Catholic High School offers several sports including volleyball, cross country, soccer, flag football (a transitional program leading up to the school's first year of tackle football, which will begin in the 2016-2017 school year), swimming, boys and girls basketball, tennis, baseball, golf, and track & field. The school will add additional sports as it grows based on student interest. Almost 80% of Frassati Catholic's student body participates in athletics. - In 2019, the Frassati Catholic Boys Soccer Team made it to the TAPPS 5A Playoffs for the first time in school history. They would win their first playoff game on February 5, 2020 against Holy Cross San Antonio by a score of 3-0. 2 goals were scored by freshman Anthony Abib and one goal was scored by freshman Christopher Lopez. They would lose in the next round against Lutheran South. -",2023-08-26 18:47:53 -David Kingston - Wikipedia," - David R Kingston (born in London, England) is a Sydney merchant banker. He is chairman of Brisbane tourism group Club Crocodile,[1] owns the Palace Group of hotels, including The Roxy Hotel, The Elk Hotel and Beachcomber Hotel.[2] - Kingston was formerly a Non-Executive Managing Director of N M Rothschild & Sons Australia. He is a director of Southern Cross Broadcasting, and a former independent director of Coopers Brewery.[3] - According to the Crikey website in 2006, Kingston was estimated by colleagues to be worth about $150 million.[4] - - This Australian business biography is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:47:55 -2011 New York Mets season - Wikipedia," - The 2011 New York Mets season was the franchise's 50th season and its third at Citi Field. Following a poor 2010 season, the Mets sought their first postseason appearance since 2006. However, they failed to make the playoffs for the 5th straight season. - On October 4, 2010, one day after the conclusion of the 2010 season, the Mets fired Manager Jerry Manuel, along with general manager Omar Minaya.[1] On October 29, the team hired former Oakland Athletics, San Diego Padres and MLB executive Sandy Alderson to replace Minaya as general manager.[2] On November 23, Terry Collins was hired as manager. - As of December 3, 2010, the Mets non-tendered contracts to John Maine, Sean Green, Chris Carter which made them free-agents. - In December 2010, Mets owner Fred Wilpon was named in a lawsuit filed on behalf of the victims of Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme and on January 28, 2011 Wilpon issued a statement in which he intends to seek ""one or more strategic partners"" to buy a 20 to 25% interest in the Mets to offset pending losses due to litigation.[3] As a result, the Mets were unable to sign any high priced free agents as they did during the Omar Minaya era. - In March 2011, the Mets released Luis Castillo and Óliver Pérez from the team. The two players became the target of the fans' wrath in the previous two seasons due to their poor performance on the field. - The team began the season with high-priced stars Johan Santana and Jason Bay on the disabled list. Santana never played for the Mets in 2011,[4] while Bay returned on April 21.[5] - After seeing limited action in spring training following a 2010 knee injury, Carlos Beltrán started on opening day and played the full game.[6] - The initial five-man rotation consisted of, in order, Mike Pelfrey, Jon Niese, R. A. Dickey, Chris Young and Chris Capuano.[7] - The Mets started 2011 with a 3-1 record but, after losing consecutive doubleheaders on April 14 and 16, their record was 4-11, tying for third-worst in Mets history. Only the 1962 and 1964 New York Mets seasons were worse after 15 games. The seven-game losing streak was the longest since 2004 and the consecutive doubleheader losses were the first since 1982.[8] However, the Mets went 7–5 to close out the month of April, with the return of Jason Bay and offensive power. - The Mets began the month of May with a memorable 2–1, 14 inning win over rival Philadelphia Phillies in Philadelphia on May 1. The Mets' Daniel Murphy was batting as a pinch-hitter against Phillies' reliever Ryan Madson when the fans started chanting ""U-S-A!"" in response to the news that Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of the September 11 attacks, had been killed by US Special Forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan.[9][10] After the Mets won the game, Terry Collins said that catcher Ronny Paulino's game-winning RBI double in his Mets debut delivered ""a good win for us, and obviously a huge win for America tonight.""[11] This win also conjured up parallels to their 3–2 win over rival Atlanta Braves on September 21, 2001 in the first major professional sporting event held in New York City since the attacks.[10] Appropriately, the Mets hosted a Sunday night game on ESPN on September 11 to mark the tenth anniversary of the attacks. - Justin Turner contributed to the Mets' success in the month of May, becoming the first Met to be named the NL Rookie of the Month since the award's creation in 2001. On May 26, the Mets agreed to sell a portion of the team to hedge fund manager David Einhorn for $200 million, making him a minority owner of the team.[12] The deal with Einhorn ultimately fell through. - On June 28, playing against the Detroit Tigers, Jason Bay and Carlos Beltrán both hit grand slams in a 14-3 rout. It marked only the second time in Mets history that the team hit two grand slams in the same game (the other time coming in 2006 when Beltran and Cliff Floyd connected in the same inning against the Cubs). It also broke a drought in which the Mets had not hit a grand slam in 299 team games, during which the Mets were out-grand slammed 18-0. - On July 12, the Mets dealt closer Francisco Rodríguez to the Milwaukee Brewers for cash and Adrian Rosario and Danny Herrera.[13] On July 27, the Mets agreed to trade Carlos Beltrán to the San Francisco Giants for minor league pitching prospect Zack Wheeler.[14] - On September 1, the Mets announced that they will not sell minority ownership of the team to Einhorn.[15] - The pregame ceremonies on September 11, fittingly, featured members of the 2001 team. Appropriately, singer Marc Anthony sang the national anthem, like he did on September 21, 2001. Throwing out the ceremonial first pitch was John Franco, the closer on their 2001 team to Mike Piazza, the catcher on their 2001 team.[16][17] - José Reyes became the first player in Mets history to win the National League batting title by hitting .337.[18] - - Infielders - Outfielders - Coaches - Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Base on balls; AVG = Batting average; - Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; SO = Strikeouts -",2023-08-26 18:47:59 -Tal Kachila - Wikipedia,"Tal Kachila (Hebrew: טל כחילה; born June 26, 1992) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a centre-back.[1] - Kachila played from the age of 14 with Beitar Jerusalem's youth team, deciding to become a centre-back, like his father, after combining volleyball and football.[2] - Kachila made his debut for Beitar Jerusalem on 11 August 2012, in a match in the Toto Cup against F.C. Ashdod, coming on as a substitute in the 89th minute.[3] - 5 months later, Kachila made his debut in the State Cup, coming on as a substitute in the 67th minute in a 5–0 victory over Maccabi Umm al-Fahm.[4] - On 17 February 2013, Kachila made his league debut, playing in a 3–0 loss to Hapoel Haifa.[2] - On 2 February 2017 loaned to Bnei Yehuda.[5] - On 2 July 2019 signed [6] with Atromitos F.C from the Super League Greece - In October 2010, Kachila made his international debut, playing with the Israeli under-19 national team, in a 3–0 victory against the Armenian under-19 national team in the UEFA U19 Championship.[7] - On 18 November 2013, Kachila made his debut for the Israeli under-21 national team, playing a 4–3 loss against the Portuguese under-21 national team during the UEFA U21 Championship 2015 qualifying round.[8] - Kachila is the son of Ehud Kachila, who played 13 years for Beitar Jerusalem as a centre-back.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:48:04 -Lucio Allocca - Wikipedia," - Lucio Allocca (born 5 July 1943) is an Italian actor, theatre director and playwright. - Born in Naples, in 1966 Allocca graduated from the School of Dramatic Art of the Politecnico di Napoli, and was mainly active on theatre, in which he worked with important names such as Eduardo De Filippo, Peppino De Filippo, Mario Martone, Ugo Gregoretti, Michele Galdieri, Mario Scaccia, and Renato Carpentieri.[1][2] Also a playwright and a theatrical director, he his artistic director of the Theatre de Poche in his hometown.[1] - Allocca got his first film major role in 1979, in Salvatore Piscicelli's Immacolata and Concetta: The Other Jealousy, and then specialized in character roles.[1] He is best known for the role of Otello Testa in the long-running soap opera Un posto al sole.[2] In 2018 he suffered a heart attack and underwent an angioplasty surgery.[2][3] - - This article about an Italian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:07 -Ryūtarō Hirota - Wikipedia," -Ryūtarō Hirota (弘田 龍太郎, Hirota Ryūtarō, 30 June 1892 – 17 November 1952) was a Japanese composer.[1] - Hirota was born in Aki, Kōchi. - - This article about a Japanese composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:11 -List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies - Wikipedia," -This article lists the etymologies of the names of the provinces and territories of Canada.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:48:15 -Stereotactic surgery - Wikipedia,"Stereotactic surgery is a minimally invasive form of surgical intervention that makes use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation, biopsy, lesion, injection, stimulation, implantation, radiosurgery (SRS), etc. - In theory, any organ system inside the body can be subjected to stereotactic surgery. However, difficulties in setting up a reliable frame of reference (such as bone landmarks, which bear a constant spatial relation to soft tissues) mean that its applications have been, traditionally and until recently, limited to brain surgery. Besides the brain, biopsy and surgery of the breast are done routinely to locate, sample (biopsy), and remove tissue. Plain X-ray images (radiographic mammography), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to guide the procedure. - Another accepted form of ""stereotactic"" is ""stereotaxic"". The word roots are stereo-, a prefix derived from the Greek word στερεός (stereos, ""solid""), and -taxis (a suffix of Neo-Latin and ISV, derived from Greek taxis, ""arrangement"", ""order"", from tassein, ""to arrange""). - The surgery is used to treat various brain cancers, benign, and functional disorders of the brain.[1] This is sometimes combined with whole brain radiotherapy, and a 2021 systematic review found this combination led to the greatest improvement of survival for those with single brain metastasis.[2] - Amongst the malignant brain disorders are: brain metastasis and glioblastoma.[1] The benign brain disorders are: meningioma, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, vestibular schwannoma, and pituitary adenoma.[1] Functional disorders are: trigeminal neuralgia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy.[1] - Stereotactic surgery works on the basis of three main components:[citation needed] - Modern stereotactic planning systems are computer based. The stereotactic atlas is a series of cross sections of anatomical structure (for example, a human brain), depicted in reference to a two-coordinate frame. Thus, each brain structure can be easily assigned a range of three coordinate numbers, which will be used for positioning the stereotactic device. In most atlases, the three dimensions are: latero-lateral (x), dorso-ventral (y) and rostro-caudal (z). - The stereotactic apparatus uses a set of three coordinates (x, y and z) in an orthogonal frame of reference (cartesian coordinates), or, alternatively, a cylindrical coordinates system, also with three coordinates: angle, depth and antero-posterior (or axial) location. The mechanical device has head-holding clamps and bars which puts the head in a fixed position in reference to the coordinate system (the so-called zero or origin). In small laboratory animals, these are usually bone landmarks which are known to bear a constant spatial relation to soft tissue. For example, brain atlases often use the external auditory meatus, the inferior orbital ridges, the median point of the maxilla between the incisive teeth. or the bregma (confluence of sutures of frontal and parietal bones), as such landmarks. In humans, the reference points, as described above, are intracerebral structures which are clearly discernible in a radiograph or tomograph. In newborn human babies, the ""soft spot"" where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet (known as the fontanelle) becomes the bregma when this gap closes.[3] - Guide bars in the x, y and z directions (or alternatively, in the polar coordinate holder), fitted with high precision vernier scales allow the neurosurgeon to position the point of a probe (an electrode, a cannula, etc.) inside the brain, at the calculated coordinates for the desired structure, through a small trephined hole in the skull. - Currently, a number of manufacturers produce stereotactic devices fitted for neurosurgery in humans, for both brain and spine procedures, as well as for animal experimentation. - Stereotactic radiosurgery utilizes externally generated ionizing radiation to inactivate or eradicate defined targets in the head or spine without the need to make an incision.[5] This concept requires steep dose gradients to reduce injury to adjacent normal tissue while maintaining treatment efficacy in the target.[6] As a consequence of this definition, the overall treatment accuracy should match the treatment planning margins of 1–2 mm or better.[7] To use this paradigm optimally and treat patients with the highest possible accuracy and precision, all errors, from image acquisition over treatment planning to mechanical aspects of the delivery of treatment and intra-fraction motion concerns, must be systematically optimized.[8] To assure quality of patient care the procedure involves a multidisciplinary team consisting of a radiation oncologist, medical physicist, and radiation therapist.[9][10] Dedicated, commercially available stereotactic radiosurgery programs are provided by the irrespective Gamma Knife,[11] CyberKnife,[12] and Novalis Radiosurgery[13] devices.[14] - Stereotactic radiosurgery provides an efficient, safe, and minimal invasive treatment alternative[15] for patients diagnosed with malignant, benign and functional indications in the brain and spine, including but not limited to both primary and secondary tumors.[16] Stereotactic radiosurgery is a well-described management option for most metastases, meningiomas, schwannomas, pituitary adenomas, arteriovenous malformations, and trigeminal neuralgia, among others.[17] - Irrespective of the similarities between the concepts of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiotherapy and although both treatment modalities are reported to have identical outcomes for certain indications,[18] the intent of both approaches is fundamentally different. The aim of stereotactic radiosurgery is to destroy target tissue while preserving adjacent normal tissue, where fractionated radiotherapy relies on a different sensitivity of the target and the surrounding normal tissue to the total accumulated radiation dose.[5] Historically, the field of fractionated radiotherapy evolved from the original concept of stereotactic radiosurgery following discovery of the principles of radiobiology: repair, reassortment, repopulation, and reoxygenation.[19] Today, both treatment techniques are complementary as tumors that may be resistant to fractionated radiotherapy may respond well to radiosurgery and tumors that are too large or too close to critical organs for safe radiosurgery may be suitable candidates for fractionated radiotherapy.[18] - A second, more recent evolution extrapolates the original concept of stereotactic radiosurgery to extra-cranial targets, most notably in the lung, liver, pancreas, and prostate. This treatment approach, entitled stereotactic body radiotherapy or SBRT, is challenged by various types of motion.[20] On top of patient immobilization challenges and the associated patient motion, extra-cranial lesions move with respect to the patient's position due to respiration, bladder and rectum filling.[21] Like stereotactic radiosurgery, the intent of stereotactic body radiotherapy is to eradicate a defined extra-cranial target. However, target motion requires larger treatment margins around the target to compensate for the positioning uncertainty. This in turn implies more normal tissue exposed to high doses, which could result in negative treatment side effects. As a consequence, stereotactic body radiotherapy is mostly delivered in a limited number of fractions, thereby blending the concept of stereotactic radiosurgery with the therapeutic benefits of fractionated radiotherapy.[22] To monitor and correct target motion for accurate and precise patient positioning prior and during treatment, advanced image-guided technologies are commercially available and included in the radiosurgery programs offered by the CyberKnife and Novalis communities.[23] - Functional neurosurgery comprises treatment of several disorders such as Parkinson's disease, hyperkinesia, disorder of muscle tone, intractable pain, convulsive disorders and psychological phenomena. Treatment for these phenomena was believed to be located in the superficial parts of the CNS and PNS. Most of the interventions made for treatment consisted of cortical extirpation. -To alleviate extra pyramidal disorders, pioneer Russell Meyers dissected or transected the head of the caudate nucleus in 1939,[24] and part of the putamen and globus pallidus. -Attempts to abolish intractable pain were made with success by transection of the spinothalamic tract at spinal medullary level and further proximally, even at mesencephalic levels.[citation needed] - In 1939-1941 Putnam and Oliver tried to improve Parkinsonism and hyperkinesias by trying a series of modifications of the lateral and antero-lateral cordotomies. Additionally, other scientists like Schurman, Walker, and Guiot made significant contributions to functional neurosurgery. In 1953, Cooper discovered by chance that ligation of the anterior chorioidal artery resulted in improvement of Parkinson's disease. Similarly, when Grood was performing an operation in a patient with Parkinson's, he accidentally lesioned the thalamus. This caused the patient's tremors to stop. From then on, thalamic lesions became the target point with more satisfactory results.[25] - More recent clinical applications can be seen[26] in surgeries used to treat Parkinson's disease, such as Pallidotomy or Thalamotomy (lesioning procedures), or Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS).[27] During DBS, an electrode is placed into the thalamus, the pallidum of the subthalmamic nucleus, parts of brain that are involved in motor control, and are affected by Parkinson's disease. The electrode is connected to a small battery operated stimulator that is placed under the collarbone, where a wire runs beneath the skin to connect it to the electrode in the brain. The stimulator produces electrical impulses that affect the nerve cells around the electrode and should help alleviate tremors or symptoms that are associated with the affected area.[citation needed] - In Thalamotomy, a needle electrode is placed into the thalamus, and the patient must cooperate with tasks assigned to find the affected area- after this area of the thalamus is located, a small high frequency current is applied to the electrode and this destroys a small part of the thalamus. Approximately 90% of patients experience instantaneous tremor relief.[citation needed] - In Pallidotomy, an almost identical procedure to thalamotomy, a small part of the pallidum is destroyed and 80% of patients see improvement in rigidity and hypokinesia and a tremor relief or improvement comes weeks after the procedure.[citation needed] - The stereotactic method was first published in 1908 by two British scientists, Victor Horsley, a physician and neurosurgeon, and Robert H. Clarke, a physiologist and was built by Swift & Son; the two scientists stopped collaborating after the 1908 publication. The Horsley–Clarke apparatus used a Cartesian (three-orthogonal axis) system. That device is in the Science Museum, London; a copy was brought to the US by Ernest Sachs and is in the Department of Neurosurgery at UCLA. Clarke used the original to do research that led to publications of primate and cat brain atlases. There is no evidence it was ever used in a human surgery.[28][29]: 12 [30] The first stereotactic device designed for the human brain appears to have been an adaptation of the Horseley–Clarke frame built at Aubrey T. Mussen's behest by a London workshop in 1918, but it received little attention and does not appear to have been used on people. It was a frame made of brass.[29]: 12 [31] - The first stereotactic device used in humans was used by Martin Kirschner, for a method to treat trigeminal neuralgia by inserting an electrode into the trigeminal nerve and ablating it. He published this in 1933.[29]: 13 [32]: 420 [33] - In 1947 and 1949, two neurosurgeons working at Temple University in Philadelphia, Ernest A. Spiegel (who had fled Austria when the Nazis took over[28]) and Henry T. Wycis, published their work on a device similar to the Horsley–Clarke apparatus in using a cartesian system; it was attached to the patient's head with a plaster cast instead of screws. Their device was the first to be used for brain surgery; they used it for psychosurgery. They also created the first atlas of the human brain, and used intracranial reference points, generated by using medical images acquired with contrast agents.[29]: 13 [32]: 72 [34] - The work of Spiegel and Wycis sparked enormous interest and research.[29]: 13  In Paris, Jean Talairach collaborated with Marcel David, Henri Hacaen, and Julian de Ajuriaguerra on a stereotactic device, publishing their first work in 1949 and eventually developing the Talairach coordinates.[28][29]: 13 [32]: 93  In Japan, Hirotaro Narabayashi was doing similar work.[28] - In 1949, Lars Leksell published a device that used polar coordinates instead of cartesian, and two years later he published work where he used his device to target a beam of radiation into a brain.[29]: 13 [32]: 91 [35][36] Leksell's radiosurgery system is also used by the Gamma Knife device, and by other neurosurgeons, using linear accelerators, proton beam therapy and neutron capture therapy. Lars Leksell went on to commercialize his inventions by founding Elekta in 1972.[37] - In 1979, Russell A. Brown proposed a device,[38] now known as the N-localizer,[39] that enables guidance of stereotactic surgery using tomographic images that are obtained via medical imaging technologies such as X-ray computed tomography (CT),[40] magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),[41] or positron emission tomography (PET).[42] The N-localizer comprises a diagonal rod that spans two vertical rods to form an N-shape that allows tomographic images to be mapped to physical space.[43] This device became almost universally adopted by the 1980s[44] and is included in the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW),[45] Kelly-Goerss,[46] Leksell,[47] Cosman-Roberts-Wells (CRW),[48] Micromar-ETM03B, FiMe-BlueFrame, Macom, and Adeor-Zeppelin[49] stereotactic frames and in the Gamma Knife radiosurgery system.[44] An alternative to the N-localizer is the Sturm-Pastyr localizer[50] that is included in the Riechert-Mundinger and Zamorano-Dujovny stereotactic frames.[51] - Other localization methods also exist that do not make use of tomographic images produced by CT, MRI, or PET, but instead conventional radiographs.[52] - The stereotactic method has continued to evolve, and at present employs an elaborate mixture of image-guided surgery that uses computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and stereotactic localization.[citation needed] - In 1970, in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Aparatos Especiales company, produced the first Stereotactic System in Latin America. Antonio Martos Calvo, together with Jorge Candia and Jorge Olivetti through the request of neurosurgeon Jorge Schvarc (1942-2019), developed an equipment based on the principle of Hitchcock Stereotactic System. The patient was seated in an adapted chair with two telescopic arms attached at it base, which fixed the stereotactic frame preventing the patient’s movement. - A double radiopaque ruler attached to the side of the frame made it possible to obtain the antero-posterior and latero-lateral X-ray images without the need of moving the radiopaque ruler. The thermal coagulation lesion was performed using tungsten monopole electrodes of 1,5mm of diameter (without temperature control) with a 3mm active tip, utilizing an electrical bipolar coagulator. The lesion size was previously determined by testing the electrode in egg albumin. Coagulation size was the result of the electrical coagulator power regulation and the application time of the radiofrequency. The first surgery performed with this system was a Trigeminal Nucleotractothomy. Jorge Schvarcz performed more than 700 functional surgeries until 1994 when, due to health problems he stopped exercising his profession. But the equipment developed kept improving on a neurosurgery history. - This was the beginning of the developing of technology to produce stereotactic devices in Latin America. This was the beginning of the first stereotactic manufacturer of Latin America – The Brazilian Micromar. - - Stereotactic surgery is sometimes used to aid in several different types of animal research studies. Specifically, it is used to target specific sites of the brain and directly introduce pharmacological agents to the brain which otherwise may not be able to cross the blood–brain barrier.[53] In rodents, the main applications of stereotactic surgery are to introduce fluids directly to the brain or to implant cannulae and microdialysis probes. Site specific central microinjections are used when rodents do not need to be awake and behaving or when the substance to be injected has a long duration of action. For protocols in which rodents’ behaviors must be assessed soon after injection, stereotactic surgery can be used to implant a cannula through which the animal can be injected after recovery from the surgery. These protocols take longer than site-specific central injections in anesthetized mice because they require the construction of cannulae, wire plugs, and injection needles, but induce less stress in the animals because they allow for a recovery period for the healing of trauma induced to the brain before injection.[54] Surgery can also be used for microdialysis protocols to implant and tether the dialysis probe and guide cannula.[55] -",2023-08-26 18:48:18 -"Birkenshaw, West Yorkshire - Wikipedia"," - Birkenshaw is a village in the borough of Kirklees in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It lies at the crossroads between the A58 Leeds to Halifax road and the A651 Bradford to Heckmondwike road. At the 2011 census, the village was located in the ward of Birstall and Birkenshaw, which had a population 16,298.[1] The name of the village derives from Old English and means ""Birch Wood"".[2] Birkenshaw forms part of the Heavy Woollen District. - It is the site of the headquarters of the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service.[3] - The village used to have a railway station (Birkenshaw and Tong) on the former Leeds, Bradford and Halifax Junction Railway. It was closed to passengers in 1953 and closed completely in 1964.[4] - There are two schools in the village, Birkenshaw Primary School and BBG Academy, a church and two playgrounds. - The village has three pubs - The Golden Fleece, The Halfway House and The George IV – and one social club, Birkenshaw Liberal Club. - There are two restaurants, The Grand Cru.[5] and Heath-field Farm. - This village also has some sporting teams such as the Birkenshaw Bluedogs (rugby league) and the Birkenshaw Bells (netball). - People from Birkenshaw: - Media related to Birkenshaw, West Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 18:48:22 -Marcello Bertinetti - Wikipedia," - Marcello Bertinetti (26 April 1885 – 31 July 1967) was an Italian fencer.[1] He competed in sabre and épée events at the 1908, 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and won four team medals.[2][3] Individually he won a silver medal in the épée at the 1929 World Championships.[4] - Bertinetti did not compete between 1911 and 1922 when he served as a medical doctor in Libya. Earlier he played football and won the national title in 1908. His son Franco and grandson Marcello also became Olympic fencers.[3] - This article about a fencing Olympic medalist of Italy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:26 -Mount Edziza - Wikipedia,"Mount Edziza (/ədˈzaɪzə/) is a stratovolcano in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The volcano and the surrounding area are protected within Mount Edziza Provincial Park. It consists of multiple peaks and ridges, with several glaciers flowing in all directions. The summit is topped by an ice-filled caldera, which is almost 2 km (1 mi) wide. The three main peaks around the summit caldera are the southwest summit, the southeast summit and the north summit. Ice Peak overlaps the southern flank of Mount Edziza. - Mount Edziza is one of Canada's highest volcanoes at 2,780 m (9,121 ft). Snow and ice covered Mount Silverthrone in southwestern British Columbia has a height of 2,864 m (9,396 ft). - As early as 10,000 years ago, the Tahltan people, who now live in Dease Lake, Telegraph Creek and the Iskut, used obsidian from Mount Edziza to make tools and weapons for trading material. This is the main source of obsidian found in northwestern British Columbia, which was traded as far away as Alaska and northern Alberta.[3] Obsidian is a type of naturally occurring glass that is highly valued for its cutting qualities. Like all glass and some other types of naturally occurring rocks, obsidian breaks with a characteristic conchoidal fracture, creating razor sharp edges. - More recently, Mount Edziza was made into the Mount Edziza Provincial Park to preserve the volcanic and culture treasures unique to the northern British Columbia area. It encompasses over 230,000 hectares of the Tahltan Highland. There is no vehicle access to the park, and there are only a very few basic facilities. - -",2023-08-26 18:48:30 -Johannes Neethling - Wikipedia," - Johannes Henoch Neethling (1770-1838) was a South African Cape Supreme Court Judge and Grand Master of the Freemasons in South Africa. - Neethling was born 1 August 1770 in South Africa. He was the son of Christiaan Ludolph Neethling and Maria Magdalena Neethling Storm. He married Anna Catharina Smuts, daughter of Johannes Coenraad Smuts and Magdalena Elizabeth Wernich. His brothers grandson was named after him. This grandson was a pastor in the Dutch Reformed Church and founder of Paul Roos Gymnasium.[1] His school education was in the Netherlands as his father sent him there for a Christian education. He obtained a PhD in law in 1791 at Leiden University.[2] - He practised as an advocate.[3] Neethling was a Judge, firstly of the Court of Justice in 1825. Richard Plasket, the Cape Colonial Secretary in 1825, was not satisfied with the existing Court. A commission of inquiry were set up, which was led by J. T. Bigge and W. M. G. Colebrooke. They suggested a new court system. A Supreme Court was established out of the commission’s recommendations in January 1828. As they were looking for academically well qualified judges, Neethling, who had a PhD in law, was appointed as one of the Supreme Court judges.[4][5] - Apart from practising law, he was joined by D. G. Reitz and C. J. Brand in founding a newspaper, De Zuid-Afrikaan. He was a merchant and a member of the Council of Justice for the Batavian Republic from 1803 to 1806.[6] - He started a Lodge called de Hoop named after his father's farm. He was interested in British Freemasonry. He was Grand Master of Lodge de Goede Hoop from 1813 to 1831.[7][8] He succeeded J. A. U. de Mist as Grand Master, and Michael van Breda succeeded him in 1831. -",2023-08-26 18:48:33 -1940 Cambridge University by-election - Wikipedia," - Sir John James Withers -Conservative - Archibald Hill -Ind. Conservative - The 1940 Cambridge University by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Cambridge University on 23 February 1940. Cambridge University was a two-member constituency. - The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, Sir John James Withers on 29 December 1939 at the age of 76. He had been one of the MPs here since holding the seat in the 1926 Cambridge University by-election. - In the 1935 general election it elected two Conservative MPs. -Cambridge University had been won by Conservatives at every election since 1922 when an Independent Liberal won one of the seats. The result at the last General election was as follows; - Due to the wartime electoral truce, the party who were defending the seat were assured of not facing an official candidate from the other political parties. However, the Conservative party, who were defending the seat, did not put forward an official candidate. - In 1939, before Withers had died, his health was not good and it was expected that a by-election would need to take place. The Master of Magdalene College, Allen Beville Ramsay had obtained agreement that none of the major parties would field a candidate if prominent economist, John Maynard Keynes chose to stand. Keynes was a Liberal party member and so unlikely to win the seat if a Conservative was standing. Keynes declined the invitation as he felt he would wield greater influence on events if he remained a free agent.[2] - Eventually, Keynes brother in law, 54-year-old Prof. Archibald Hill became a candidate, standing as an Independent Conservative. He was professor of physiology at University College, London. In 1933, he became a founder member and vice-president of the Academic Assistance Council (which became the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning in 1936). By the start of the Second World War, the organisation had saved 900 academics from the Nazi persecution. - Fifty-one-year-old Prof. John Ryle came forward to stand as an Independent Progressive. He was appointed in 1935 Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge. Ryle was politically active at Cambridge, helping Jewish scholars emigrate from Germany and Austria before World War II. During the early stages of the war, he was working at Guy's Hospital to help them prepare for the Blitz. - Polling took place over four days from 19 to 23 February. -Hill took the seat from the Conservatives as an Independent Conservative - Hill did not contest 1945 general election, in which the two seats were won by one Conservative and one Independent; -",2023-08-26 18:48:37 -Marco Antonio Andino - Wikipedia,"Marco Antonio Andino Flores (25 April 1955 – 9 August 2015) was a Honduran politician and lawyer. He served as deputy of the National Congress of Honduras representing the Liberal Party of Honduras for Francisco Morazán.[1][2] - Andino was born in San Buenaventura, Francisco Morazán Department. He served as mayor of Tegucigalpa from 2002 to 2006. While serving as Deputy, he earned a law degree from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH). He was married and had three children.[2] - Andino suffered from diabetes and hypertension, and died at home of cardiac arrest.[2] - - This article about a Honduran politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:40 -El Temür - Wikipedia,"El Temür (Chinese: 燕帖木兒; pinyin: Yān Tiēmù'er; Mongolian:ᠡᠯᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ; died 1333) was an ethnic Kipchak[1] official of the Yuan dynasty. He was behind the coup d'état that installed Tugh Temür (Emperor Wenzong) as Yuan emperor in the capital Khanbaliq in 1328.[2] The restorationists at Khanbaliq won the War of the Two Capitals under the leadership of Tugh Temür and El Temür. After the surrender of Shangdu forces, Tugh Temür abdicated in favour of his brother Kusala (Emperor Mingzong) who was backed by Chagatai Khan Eljigidey and announced Khanbaliq's intent to welcome him. However, Kusala suddenly died only four days after a banquet with Tugh Temür, supposedly killed with poison by El Temür, who purged pro-Kusala officials and brought power to warlords, whose despotic rule marked the decline of the Yuan dynasty. - His daughter, Danashiri, married Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong) and bore him a son but he died when he was a child. El Temür also had a son, Tanggici, who was also an officer. - El Temür became ill and died in 1333 and his children were subsequently murdered by former co-conspirator Bayan in 1335.[3] - El Temür was the grandson of Yuan general Tutuha (土土哈 1237–1297). - [5] - This Mongolian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:44 -Peritornenta bacchata - Wikipedia," - Peritornenta bacchata is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales.[1] - The wingspan is 19–22 mm. The forewings are greyish ochreous, with rows of obscure dark fuscous dots on the veins and with the costal edge on the anterior half and three costal dots posteriorly bright rosy crimson. There is an undefined oblique median fascia of grey suffusion, and a transverse patch from the costa at three-fourths, as well as an undefined patch of light crimson-reddish suffusion in the disc beyond the cell. The hindwings are dark grey.[2] - - This article on a moth of the subfamily Depressariinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:48 -Indrajit Tharu - Wikipedia,"Indrajit Tharu (Nepali: इन्द्रजीत थारु) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). In January 2007 he was nominated to the interim legislature of Nepal on behalf of the CPN(Maoist).[1] In April 2008, he won the Dang-1 seat in the Constituent Assembly election, defeating veteran Nepali Congress politician Khum Bahadur Khadka. Tharu got 18,903 votes.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:48:51 -Quang Châu - Wikipedia,"Quang Châu is a commune (xã) and village in Việt Yên District, Bắc Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas20°56′N 107°33′E / 20.933°N 107.550°E / 20.933; 107.550 - - This article about a location in Bắc Giang province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:48:54 -Abdul Latiff Ahmad - Wikipedia," - Abdul Latiff bin Ahmad (Jawi: عبداللطيف بن أحمد ; born 9 July 1958) is a Malaysian politician who served as Minister in the Prime Minister's Department for Special Functions from 2021 to 2022. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Mersing from 1999 to 2022. - Abdul Latiff previously served as Minister of Rural Development from 2020 to 2021. He held various posts such as Deputy Minister of Defence, Deputy Minister of Health, and Deputy Minister of Human Resources.[1][2][3] - Abdul Latiff was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.[4] He left UMNO in 2018, and joined the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) the following year. BERSATU is a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. - Abd Latiff was firstly elected to the Johor State Legislative Assembly for Endau seat in 1995 election. In the 1999 general election he switched to federal politics by contesting and winning to be the MP of Mersing constituency in Johor, and thereafter served as Deputy Minister of Human Resources (1999 to 2004), Deputy Minister of Health (2004 to 2008) and Deputy Minister of Defence (2008 to 2013). He was reelected MP for the Mersing parliamentary seat in the consecutive 2004, 2008, 2013 and 2018 general elections. - Abd Latiff was dropped from Najib Razak's cabinet after the 2013 general election, and was appointed as the chairman of the government-linked housing development company Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad (SPNB).[5] He left SPNB in early 2019 after BN lost as the ruling federal government to Pakatan Harapan (PH) in the 2018 election.[6][7] - On 8 July 2020, he said UMNO was an unscrupulous party in Sabah after its leaders jumped to Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (Bersatu). Earlier, a video featuring Abdul Latif's statement in an open forum on the matter was spread on social media where he mentioned ""Sabahans do not mention jumping but call migration and usually from Berjaya to PBS, PBS goes to UMNO. Meanwhile, Abdul Latiff's statement met with opposition from UMNO leaders who are now urging him to resign.[8][9] After receiving word of mouth from UMNO leaders, finally he admitted his mistake. While reminding UMNO, the real enemy is the opponents and they should not quarrel with each other, he said he apologized if the statement regarding ""UMNO does not work in Sabah"" was misunderstood and hurt the hearts of many parties.[10] -",2023-08-26 18:48:59 -1968 Intercontinental Supercup - Wikipedia,"The 1968 Intercontinental Supercup was the first edition of the Intercontinental Supercup, a matchup between the European and South American past winners of the Intercontinental Cup. The two-legged tie was contested between Italian club Internazionale and Brazilian club Santos. The first match-up between Internazionale and Santos ended with the Santásticos beating Inter 1–0 at Milan's San Siro. A second leg was programmed to be disputed but Inter rejected to participate any further. Santos were declared the winners. - This South American zone tournament was contested between November 13, 1968, and May 22, 1969, between Peñarol, Santos, and Racing, the three South American winners of the Intercontinental Cup to date. Santos won the group and qualified to the final stage.[1] - As the only two European winners of the Intercontinental Cup, Inter and Real Madrid were eligible for the competition. However, Real Madrid withdrew from the tournament, leaving Inter to face the South American zone winner. - - As Inter withdrew from the second leg, Santos was declared the winner. - -",2023-08-26 18:49:02 -1993–94 Croatian Second Football League - Wikipedia,"The 1993–94 Druga HNL (also known as 2. HNL) season was the 3rd season of Croatia's second level football since its establishment in 1992. The league was contested in two regional groups (North Division and South Division), with 16 clubs each. -",2023-08-26 18:49:06 -2003–04 British National League season - Wikipedia,"The 2003–04 British National League season was the eighth season of the British National League, the second level of ice hockey in Great Britain. Seven teams participated in the league, and the Guildford Flames won the championship. -",2023-08-26 18:49:10 -Millersburg Military Institute - Wikipedia,"Millersburg Military Institute (MMI) was a military boarding school founded in 1893 in Millersburg, Kentucky, about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Lexington, Kentucky. It closed in 2014. - Founded in 1893, it survived for over 113 years until closing in July 2006 due to a declining student population. The school had been temporarily closed in 2003, but was reopened by a rally of support from alumni and parents. - The campus sits on 18 acres (73,000 m2) in north-central Kentucky, in the town of Millersburg, Bourbon County. The property is bounded to the northwest by KY-68, to the southeast by railroad tracks and open land, and to the north and south by residential properties. The school was founded in 1893 on the property of the former Kentucky Wesleyan College and moved to its current location in 1920. Upwards of 250 students were enrolled during the school's peak operating times; however, class sizes steadily declined through the early 2000s, resulting in the school's closure in 2006. - The U.S. Army Cadet Corps purchased the property in September 2008 and turned it into its national headquarters, as well as a National Cadet Training Center. The facility served again as a military boarding school as Forest Hill Military Academy starting in August 2012.[1] In 2014, the U.S. Army Cadet Corps began a reorganization and closed the school. - It was announced in September 2015 that the grounds will once again be auctioned leaving the future of the school uncertain.[2] The school filed for bankruptcy and stopped the sale and attempted the restructuring of its debt.[3] However, the restructuring efforts were ultimately unsuccessful and Forest Hill Military Academy went back into bankruptcy and its campus was foreclosed in 2016. -  WikiMiniAtlas38°18′19″N 84°08′37″W / 38.30528°N 84.14361°W / 38.30528; -84.14361 -",2023-08-26 18:49:14 -"Rujevac, Croatia - Wikipedia","Rujevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Рујевац)[1] is a village in central Croatia, in the municipality of Dvor, Sisak-Moslavina County. It is connected by the D6 highway. - According to the 2011 census,[2] the village of Rujevac has 254 inhabitants. This represents 43.35% of its pre-war population according to the 1991 census. - The 1991 census[3] recorded that 92.32% of the village population were ethnic Serbs (541/586), 5.12% were Yugoslavs (30/586), 1.19% were ethnic Croats (7/586), while 1.37% were of other ethnic origin (8/586) - - Serbian Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Rujevac was completed in 1887 in historicist style.[5] Church's iconostasis was completed in 1896 by Ivan Hochetlinger.[5] Some of its icons were destroyed in 1941 when a Roman Catholic priest Osvald Tot who was involved with Ustashe government took them away under the claim that they need to be restored and adapted for Catholic services.[5] Missing icons were painted by Dimitrije Joka in 1971 when the church was reconstructed.[5] -  WikiMiniAtlas45°07′49″N 16°15′57″E / 45.130278°N 16.265833°E / 45.130278; 16.265833 - - This Sisak-Moslavina County geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:49:17 -SMS Undine - Wikipedia," - - SMS Undine[a] was the last member of the ten-ship Gazelle class of light cruisers that were built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the late 1890s and early 1900s. The Gazelle class was the culmination of earlier unprotected cruiser and aviso designs, combining the best aspects of both types in what became the progenitor of all future light cruisers of the Imperial fleet. Built to be able to serve with the main German fleet and as a colonial cruiser, she was armed with a battery of ten 10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns and had a top speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph). Undine was a modified version of the basic Gazelle design, with improved armor and additional coal storage for a longer cruising range. - Undine was initially used as an artillery training ship for the gunners of the German fleet. She also took part in training maneuvers with other elements of the fleet, and during one of these exercises in November 1905, she accidentally rammed and sank the torpedo boat SMS S126. The ship remained in German waters, making only a single visit to a foreign port in 1909. Undine remained in service through mid-1912. During this period, in addition to her training duties, she served as an auxiliary icebreaker. - After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Undine was deployed to the Baltic Sea, serving in the Coastal Defense Division. She was tasked with patrolling the western Baltic and she also participated in offensive operations against Russian forces. She was attacked by the British submarine HMS E19 on 7 November 1915 and was hit by two torpedoes, the second of which detonated the ship's ammunition magazines. Undine exploded and sank, but casualties were relatively light, with fourteen or twenty-five killed in the sinking out of a normal crew of 270. - Following the construction of the unprotected cruisers of the Bussard class and the aviso Hela for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy), the Construction Department of the Reichsmarineamt (Imperial Navy Office) prepared a design for a new small cruiser that combined the best attributes of both types of vessels. The designers had to design a small cruiser with armor protection that had an optimal combination of speed, armament, and stability necessary for fleet operations, along with the endurance to operate on foreign stations in the German colonial empire. The resulting Gazelle design provided the basis for all of the light cruisers built by the German fleet to the last official designs prepared in 1914.[1][2] After the first seven ships had been built or were under construction, the Construction Department improved the design slightly, strengthening the armor on the conning tower and increasing the beam by 0.2 m (7.9 in), which allowed more space for coal storage, and thus a longer cruising radius. These changes were applied to the last three members of the class: Undine, Arcona, and Frauenlob.[3] - Undine was 105 meters (344 ft 6 in) long overall, and had a beam of 12.4 m (40 ft 8 in) and a draft of 4.81 m (15 ft 9 in) forward. She displaced 2,706 t (2,663 long tons) normally and up to 3,112 t (3,063 long tons) at full combat load. Her propulsion system consisted of two triple-expansion steam engines manufactured by Howaldtswerke driving a pair of screw propellers. They were designed to give 8,000 metric horsepower (7,900 ihp), for a top speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph). The engines were powered by eight coal-fired Marine-type water-tube boilers. Undine carried 700 t (690 long tons) of coal, which gave her a range of 4,400 nautical miles (8,100 km; 5,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). She had a crew of 14 officers and 256 enlisted men.[4] - The ship was armed with ten 10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK L/40 guns in single mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle, six were located amidships, three on either side, and two were placed side by side aft. The guns could engage targets out to 12,200 m (13,300 yd). They were supplied with 1,500 rounds of ammunition, for 150 shells per gun. She was also equipped with two 45 cm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes with five torpedoes. They were submerged in the hull on the broadside. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was 20 to 25 mm (0.79 to 0.98 in) thick. The conning tower had 80 mm (3.1 in) thick sides, and the guns were protected by 50 mm (2 in) thick gun shields.[4] - Undine was ordered under the contract name ""J"" and was laid down at the Howaldtswerke shipyard in Kiel on 28 September 1901. She was launched on 11 December 1902, and during the ceremony, Prince Otto zu Salm-Horstmar, the president of the Flottenverein (Navy League), gave a speech. After her launching, fitting-out work commenced, and she was commissioned to begin sea trials on 5 January 1904 under the command of Korvettenkapitän (KK—Corvette Captain) Carl Schaumann. During the trials, she conducted tests with gyrocompasses that were not successful owing to their sensitivity to even moderate swells. After completing her testing on 23 March, she was transferred to Wilhelmshaven and decommissioned there on 30 March. She was recommissioned on 10 January 1905 and was assigned to the training squadron for use as a gunnery training ship to modernize the vessels that were available to train the fleet's gunners; the vessel she replaced was the old screw corvette Carola, which had been launched in 1880. During this period, from 10 January to September, KK Georg Scheidt served as the ship's commander.[5][6] - Undine underwent another round of trials, which ended when she moved back to Kiel on 4 February. She took part in training exercises from 7 to 19 May held off Alsen, along with other vessels in the training ships assigned to the Inspektion der Schiffsartillerie (Naval Artillery Inspectorate), under the command of Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) Hugo Zeye. These were followed by further maneuvers held off Rügen. From 1 to 7 August, she cruised with her sister ship Nymphe and several old torpedo boats filled with cork for use as torpedo targets. They also conducted simulated nighttime attacks on Undine to practice defending against them, as the Imperial Japanese Navy had recently demonstrated the effectiveness of such attacks during the Russo-Japanese War. Throughout the year, she took part in the normal peacetime routine of training exercises, which included shooting practice in the waters off Helgoland from 8 to 12 October. KK Berthold Stechow relieved Scheidt in September that year.[6] - She also took part in another round of nighttime torpedo boat exercises with IV Torpedo-boat Flotilla in November. During these maneuvers, on the night of 17 November, she accidentally collided with the torpedo boat S126 off Bülk. The cruiser was steaming with her lights off, and when the torpedo boats approached to conduct a mock torpedo attack, Undine turned her search lights on, which blinded the crew of S126. The torpedo boat inadvertently ran in front of Undine, and the latter rammed the former, slicing her in half. The torpedo boat S127 collided with the still-floating stern. Both halves of the ship sank quickly and one officer and thirty-two enlisted men drowned in the accident. S126's wreck was later raised, reassembled, and returned to service.[7][8] - From 3 May to 9 June 1906, the ship underwent repairs to her bow as a result of the damage incurred in the collision with S126; the work was performed at the Kaiserliche Werft (Imperial Shipyard) in Wilhelmshaven. She spent the rest of the year conducting training exercises. The year 1907 passed uneventfully, with the only events of note being an overhaul in Wilhelmshaven from 10 to 27 February, and during the annual fleet maneuvers from 25 September to 8 September, she operated with III Squadron. Undine underwent another overhaul from 29 January to 27 March 1908. She was transferred on 1 July to Sonderburg, where the new gunnery school had been opened. In April 1909, KK Ulrich Lübbert took command of the ship. She took part in training exercises in the North Sea in July before returning to Sonderburg by way of the Skagerrak, thereafter visiting Larvik, Norway; this was the only time Undine visited a foreign port. She was assigned to III Scouting Group during that year's fleet exercises, which were held from 29 August to 11 September.[6] - In May 1910, while Undine was steaming off Sonderburg, she encountered the steamship SS Nordstern, which had suffered an engine breakdown. The cruiser took the vessel under tow and pulled her to Kiel. By late in the year, Undine was becoming worn out, which necessitated a major overhaul at the Kaiserliche Werft in Danzig that lasted from 26 September to 17 October. During this period, KK Victor Reclam replaced Lübbert. She took part in a naval review of the High Seas Fleet held for Kaiser Wilhelm II on 5 September. The ship was used as an auxiliary icebreaker in January and February 1912, rescuing three ships that were trapped in the ice in the western Baltic. Undine was assigned to the Training Squadron in April before being decommissioned in Danzig on 12 July for another major overhaul; during this last stint in service, her commander was Fregattenkapitän (Frigate Captain) Andreas Fischer. Following its completion, she was placed in reserve, where she remained through mid-1914.[9] - After the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Undine was recommissioned on 4 August and assigned to the Coastal Defense Division in the western Baltic. She initially patrolled the line between Dornbusch and Møn, and was briefly assigned to the Detached Division under KAdm Ehler Behring. She took part in a sortie into the Gulf of Finland that occurred from 3 to 9 September under the direction of Prince Heinrich of Prussia, the supreme commander of naval forces in the Baltic. While on the operation on 8 September, Undine suffered a machinery breakdown that forced her to return to Danzig and then Kiel for repairs. Twenty-two of her crew were sent aboard the torpedo boat V25 on 14–15 September to reinforce the landing party that had been sent ashore from the cruiser Amazone at Memel, but they were unable to land. Undine was ready for service again on 18 October, thereafter patrolling the area between Trelleborg, Sweden, and Sassnitz, Germany. Over the following months, she served intermittently as the flagship of Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) Robert Mischke, the commander of the Coastal Defense Division. Undine was transferred back to the Detached Division on 13 April 1915 to take part in an operation the next day to bombard Russian positions at Memel and Buddendiekshof; the attacks continued through 17 April, after which Undine returned to the Coastal Defense Division.[10][11] - On 7 November 1915, Undine was steaming north of Arkona with a pair of torpedo boats as escort for the ferry Preussen as it moved from Trelleborg to Sassnitz. She was attacked by the British submarine E19, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Francis Cromie. E19 launched a pair of torpedoes at Undine at a range of 1,000 m (3,300 ft), both of which hit.[11][12][13] The second torpedo detonated her ammunition magazines and blew up the ship.[14] Undine broke in half and sank quickly at 13:08; the bow portion sank immediately but the stern section remained afloat briefly, jutting out of the water at a steep angle. Casualties were relatively minor, but the number is unclear: according to Erich Gröner, fourteen men were killed, but Hans Hildebrand, Albert Röhr, and Hans-Otto Steinmetz report that twenty-five died. The majority of her crew was rescued by the torpedo boat V154 and Preussen. Most of those who died were killed when the forward funnel and mast collapsed and fell over, crushing the men in the water.[10][11] The loss of Undine came on the heels of the sinking of the armored cruiser Prinz Adalbert two weeks earlier. These two losses were significant enough to compel the German Navy to curtail the movements of the fleet in the Baltic for the remainder of the year.[14] -  WikiMiniAtlas54°59′N 13°51′E / 54.983°N 13.850°E / 54.983; 13.850 -",2023-08-26 18:49:22 -Yusufeli - Wikipedia,"Yusufeli (Armenian: Բերդագրակ, Berdagrak; Georgian: ახალთი, Akhalti) is a town and district of Artvin Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located on the bank of Çoruh River 104 km south-west of the city of Artvin, on the road to Erzurum. It is the seat of Yusufeli District.[2] Its population is 7,306 (2021).[1] - The town of Yusufeli sits in a valley where the Çoruh River is joined by the Barhal. To its north are the Kaçkar Mountains running east to west, with villages in other valleys between the mountains. The micro climate allows the cultivation of olives, grapes, and citrus fruits, the driving forces of the economy in addition to tourism. The town can be reached by air via Erzurum Airport, 135 km (84 mi) away from Yusufeli or by road from Artvin, Erzurum and Trabzon (via İspir in Erzurum Province). - There is a widely criticised plan to dam the Çoruh at Yusufeli, which would submerge 15,000 homes.[3][4][5] - Yusufeli has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb). - The history of Yusufeli, formerly Perterek or Pertarek, is traced to 3000 BC, the Bronze Age. The area has since been inhabited by Hurri, Urartu, Persians, Armenians, Ancient Romans, Byzantines and Georgians. In the Turkish era the area has been settled by Seljuks, Saltuks, Ilkhanates, Tamerlan, Akkoyunlu, Safevids and the Ottoman Empire. In the kingdom of Armenia in antiquity it was part of Tayk province, known as the Canton of Arsiats por.[7] -In 1879 the area was the district of Kiksim in the county of Çıldır. Then following the war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia it became a county of Erzurum. Most of the population is descended from Armenians or Georgians who converted to Islam in the 1700s.[8] - Because of the rocky geography it was difficult for people from all villages to reach the city center, so a local district was established centred on Ögdem, but this was still inaccessible so Kılıçkaya (Ersis) became the center of county. Ersis means ""a place where no boys live"", so-called because so many sons of the district were lost in the Russo-Turkish War of 1878 and First World War. In the year 1912 the county name became Yusuf İli, i.e. ""province of Yusuf"" so the name Kiskim should not be confused with the name Keskin which was a county of Ankara at that time. - The folk music and culture is typical of the Black Sea region featuring the clarinet type zurna, a drum and bagpipes. - There are a number of historical Georgian churches in the valleys of Yusufeli, including the ruins of the Four Churches (Dört Kilise) in a village off the road to İspir (Map). - There are many medieval forts and Georgian churches in the valleys of Yusufeli. Some of them:[9] -",2023-08-26 18:49:26 -Dave Arnold (politician) - Wikipedia," - David J. Arnold Jr. (December 7, 1971 – January 17, 2021) was a Pennsylvania state senator who represented the 48th district, which includes all of Lebanon County and portions of Dauphin and York counties. He was a member of the Republican Party and previously served as the district attorney of Lebanon County. Arnold was a senator from January 2020 until his death in January 2021. - Arnold was a lifelong resident of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania and graduated from Cedar Crest High School in 1989. He later earned a criminal justice degree from Kutztown University. Soon after graduating from Widener University School of Law in 1996 with a JD degree, Arnold passed the bar exam.[1][2] - In late October 2019, Arnold was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and underwent successful surgery two days later at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center to have it removed. According to a post on his campaign's Facebook page, additional treatment would be needed, and he would be off work and the campaign trail for a brief period after doctors had given him an excellent prognosis for full recovery.[3][4] He died at his home on January 17, 2021, at age 49.[5] - After being an assistant district attorney in Lebanon County for four years, Arnold worked as a part-time public defender from January 2002 to September 2005, and in private practice before being elected in November 2005 as the district attorney of Lebanon County.[6] His campaign spent more than three times that of his opponent, incumbent Deirdre Eshleman, whom he had easily beaten in the Republican primary though had enough write-in votes to appear on the Democratic ballot. Arnold narrowly won the November general election and was sworn in on December 30, 2005.[7] - In 2006, Arnold joined then state attorney general Tom Corbett in a news conference to make known the formation of an elder abuse unit to crack down on scams and caregiver physical abuse against older citizens in the state. Arnold said his office had worked with state and federal authorities in a recent elder abuse case.[8] - In 2007, Arnold's office and the Lebanon School District partnered to provide families with a child-security program, including software for creating a CD record of children's parent-chosen medical and other personal information for ready access in case of a crisis. The DA's office paid the program cost for each participant.[9] - In 2011, Lebanon County commissioners approved Arnold's request for continuance of an alternate DUI sentencing program, wherein nonviolent offenders underwent a two-year treatment rather than going to jail.[10] - Arnold was president of the Pennsylvania District Attorney's Association from 2016 to 2017.[1][2] - After Mike Folmer resigned as state senator from Pennsylvania's 48th district in September 2019, a special election to fill the position was scheduled for January 14, 2020.[11] Arnold announced in early October 2019 that he was seeking the associated Republican nomination.[12] Running against at least seven other Republicans,[13] Arnold was chosen by a state Republican committee to be the party's nominee.[14] He won the special election against Democratic nominee Michael Schroeder with nearly two-thirds of the vote.[15] Arnold was sworn in to office on January 29, 2020.[16] - The state senator salary is less than half of what Arnold had been making as a district attorney, and he planned to make up the difference with a side job in a private law practice, which other lawyer-legislators are reported to do. Arnold said his taking the job was not for monetary purposes, and that he would not sign up for the state's traditional pension plan, for which other new state employees are not eligible.[17] - Arnold was one of 75 members of Pennsylvania's congressional delegation to sign a letter to the state's U.S. congress members on December 4, 2020, regarding an election review for the 2020 presidential election. The letter identifies election-related legal protections its signers believe were undermined, and asks that Congress ""reject electoral votes that are not 'regularly given' or 'lawfully certified'"", as they are enabled to do by federal law.[18] Arnold signed another letter to the state's attorney general the same day that requested a review of state policies and procedures during the 2020 presidential election, and sought related reviews and recommendations.[19] -",2023-08-26 18:49:29 -Tryptych (album) - Wikipedia," - Tryptych is a compilation album by Demdike Stare, released on January 24, 2011 by Modern Love Records. It compiles the group's 2010 releases, including Forest of Evil, Liberation Through Hearing and Voices of Dust. - All music is composed by Sean Canty and Miles Whittaker Adapted from the Tryptych liner notes.[7] - -",2023-08-26 18:49:33 -Normans - Wikipedia," - The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; French: Normands; Latin: Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Franks and Gallo-Romans.[1][2][3] The term is also used to denote emigrants from the duchy who conquered other territories such as England and Sicily. The Norse settlements in West Francia followed a series of raids on the French northern coast mainly from Denmark, although some also sailed from Norway and Sweden.[4] These settlements were finally legitimized when Rollo, a Scandinavian Viking leader, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia following the siege of Chartres in 911.[5] The intermingling in Normandy produced an ethnic and cultural ""Norman"" identity in the first half of the 10th century, an identity which continued to evolve over the centuries.[6] - The Norman dynasty had a major political, cultural and military impact on medieval Europe and the Near East.[7][8] The Normans were historically famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Catholic piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy of the Romance community.[5] The original Norse settlers adopted the Gallo-Romance language of the Frankish land they settled, with their Old Norman dialect becoming known as Norman, Normaund or Norman French, an important literary language which is still spoken today in parts of mainland Normandy (Cotentinais and Cauchois dialects) and the nearby Channel Islands (Jèrriais and Guernésiais). The Duchy of Normandy, which arose from the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, was a great fief of medieval France. The Norman dukes exercised independent control of their holdings in Normandy, while at the same time being vassals owing fealty to the King of France, and under Richard I of Normandy (byname ""Richard sans Peur"" meaning ""Richard the Fearless"") the Duchy was forged into a cohesive and formidable principality in feudal tenure.[9][10] By the end of his reign in 996, the descendants of the Norse settlers ""had become not only Christians but in all essentials Frenchmen. They had adopted the French language, French legal ideas, and French social customs, and had practically merged with the Frankish or Gallic population among whom they lived"".[11] Between 1066 and 1204, as a result of the Norman conquest of England, most of the kings of England were also dukes of Normandy. In 1204, Philip II of France seized mainland Normandy by force of arms, having earlier declared the Duchy of Normandy to be forfeit to him. It remained a disputed territory until the Treaty of Paris of 1259, when the English sovereign ceded his claim to the Duchy, except for the Channel Islands. In the present day, the Channel Islands (the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey) are considered to be officially the last remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, and are not part of the United Kingdom but are instead self-governing Crown Dependencies.[12][13] - The Normans are noted both for their culture, such as their unique Romanesque architecture and musical traditions, and for their significant military accomplishments and innovations. Norman adventurers played a role in founding the Kingdom of Sicily under Roger II after briefly conquering southern Italy and Malta from the Saracens and Byzantines, and an expedition on behalf of their duke, William the Conqueror, led to the Norman conquest of England at the historic Battle of Hastings in 1066.[14] Norman and Anglo-Norman forces contributed to the Iberian Reconquista from the early eleventh to the mid-thirteenth centuries.[15] - Norman cultural and military influence spread from these new European centres to the Crusader states of the Near East, where their prince Bohemond I founded the Principality of Antioch in the Levant, to Scotland and Wales in Great Britain, to Ireland, and to the coasts of north Africa and the Canary Islands. The legacy of the Normans persists today through the regional languages and dialects of France, England, Spain, Quebec and Sicily, and also through the various cultural, judicial, and political arrangements they introduced in their conquered territories.[8][16] - The English name ""Normans"" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant,[17] modern French normand, which is itself borrowed from Old Low Franconian Nortmann ""Northman""[18] or directly from Old Norse Norðmaðr, Latinized variously as Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean ""Norseman, Viking"".[19] - The 11th century Benedictine monk and historian, Goffredo Malaterra, characterised the Normans thus: - Specially marked by cunning, despising their own inheritance in the hope of winning a greater, eager after both gain and dominion, given to imitation of all kinds, holding a certain mean between lavishness and greediness, that is, perhaps uniting, as they certainly did, these two seemingly opposite qualities. Their chief men were specially lavish through their desire of good report. They were, moreover, a race skillful in flattery, given to the study of eloquence, so that the very boys were orators, a race altogether unbridled unless held firmly down by the yoke of justice. They were enduring of toil, hunger, and cold whenever fortune laid it on them, given to hunting and hawking, delighting in the pleasure of horses, and of all the weapons and garb of war.[20] In the course of the 10th century, the initially destructive incursions of Norse war bands going upstream into the rivers of France penetrated further into interior Europe, and evolved into more permanent encampments that included local French women and personal property.[21] From 885 to 886, Odo of Paris (Eudes de Paris) succeeded in defending Paris against Viking raiders (one of the leaders was Sigfred) with his fighting skills, fortification of Paris and tactical shrewdness.[22] In 911, Robert I of France, brother of Odo, again defeated another band of Viking warriors in Chartres with his well-trained horsemen. This victory paved the way for Rollo's baptism and settlement in Normandy.[23] The Duchy of Normandy, which began in 911 as a fiefdom, was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III (Charles the Simple) (879–929, ruled 893–929) of West Francia and the famed Viking ruler Rollo also known as Gaange Rolf (c. 846–c. 929), from Scandinavia, and was situated in the former Frankish kingdom of Neustria.[24] The treaty offered Rollo and his men the French coastal lands along the English Channel between the river Epte and the Atlantic Ocean coast in exchange for their protection against further Viking incursions.[24] As well as promising to protect the area of Rouen from Viking invasion, Rollo swore not to invade further Frankish lands himself, accepted baptism and conversion to Christianity and swore fealty to King Charles III. Robert I of France stood as godfather during Rollo's baptism.[25] He became the first Duke of Normandy and Count of Rouen.[26] The area corresponded to the northern part of present-day Upper Normandy down to the river Seine, but the Duchy would eventually extend west beyond the Seine.[5] The territory was roughly equivalent to the old province of Rouen, and reproduced the old Roman Empire's administrative structure of Gallia Lugdunensis II (part of the former Gallia Lugdunensis in Gaul). - Before Rollo's arrival, Normandy's populations did not differ from Picardy or the Île-de-France, which were considered ""Frankish"". Earlier Viking settlers had begun arriving in the 880s, but were divided between colonies in the east (Roumois and Pays de Caux) around the low Seine valley and in the west in the Cotentin Peninsula, and were separated by traditional pagii, where the population remained about the same with almost no foreign settlers. Rollo's contingents from Scandinavia who raided and ultimately settled Normandy and parts of the European Atlantic coast included Danes, Norwegians, Norse–Gaels, Orkney Vikings, possibly Swedes, and Anglo-Danes from the English Danelaw territory which earlier came under Norse control in the late 9th century. - The descendants of Vikings replaced the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism (Christianity) and the Langue d'oil of the local people, descending from the Latin of the Romans. The Norman language (Norman French) was forged by the adoption of the indigenous langue d'oïl branch of Romance by a Norse-speaking ruling class, and it developed into the French regional languages that survive today.[5] - The new Norman rulers were culturally and ethnically distinct from the old French aristocracy, most of whom traced their lineage to the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. By intermarrying with the local aristocracy and adopting the growing feudal doctrines of the rest of France, the Normans would progressively work these principles into a functional hierarchical system in their own duchy, and later export it to Norman dominated England.[9] - As the proliferation of aristocratic families throughout the French kingdom limited the prospects of most heirs, young knights were encouraged to seek land and riches beyond their homeland, with Normandy becoming a major source of such adventurers.[27] Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Angevin-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England. - Opportunistic bands of Normans successfully established a foothold in southern Italy. Probably as the result of returning pilgrims' stories, the Normans entered southern Italy as warriors in 1017 at the latest. In 999, according to Amatus of Montecassino, Norman pilgrims returning from Jerusalem called in at the port of Salerno when a Muslim attack occurred. The Normans fought so valiantly that Prince Guaimar III begged them to stay, but they refused and instead offered to tell others back home of the Prince's request. William of Apulia tells that, in 1016, Norman pilgrims to the shrine of the Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano were met by Melus of Bari, a Lombard nobleman and rebel, who persuaded them to return with more warriors to help throw off the Byzantine rule, which they did. - The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville and the Drengot family. -A group of Normans with at least five brothers from the Drengot family fought the Byzantines in Apulia under the command of Melus of Bari. Between 1016 and 1024, in a fragmented political context, the County of Ariano [it] was founded by another group of Norman knights headed by Gilbert Buatère and hired by Melus of Bari. Defeated at Cannae, Melus of Bari escaped to Bamberg, Germany, where he died in 1022. The county, which replaced the pre-existing chamberlainship, is considered to be the first political body established by the Normans in the south of Italy.[28][29] -Then Rainulf Drengot, from the same family, received the county of Aversa from Duke Sergius IV of Naples in 1030. - The Hauteville family achieved princely rank by proclaiming Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno ""Duke of Apulia and Calabria"". He promptly awarded their elected leader, William Iron Arm, with the title of count in his capital of Melfi. The Drengot family thereafter attained the principality of Capua, and Emperor Henry III legally ennobled the Hauteville leader, Drogo, as ""dux et magister Italiae comesque Normannorum totius Apuliae et Calabriae"" (""Duke and Master of Italy and Count of the Normans of all Apulia and Calabria"") in 1047.[30] - From these bases, the Normans eventually captured Sicily and Malta from the Muslims, under the leadership of the famous Robert Guiscard, a Hauteville, and his younger brother Roger the Great Count. Roger's son, Roger II of Sicily, was crowned king in 1130 (exactly one century after Rainulf was ""crowned"" count) by Antipope Anacletus II. The Kingdom of Sicily lasted until 1194, when it was transferred to the House of Hohenstaufen through marriage.[31] The Normans left their legacy in many castles, such as William Iron Arm's citadel at Squillace, and cathedrals, such as Roger II's Cappella Palatina at Palermo, which dot the landscape and give a distinct architectural flavor to accompany its unique history. - Institutionally, the Normans combined the administrative machinery of the Byzantines, Arabs, and Lombards with their own conceptions of feudal law and order to forge a unique government. Under this state, there was great religious freedom, and alongside the Norman nobles existed a meritocratic bureaucracy of Jews, Muslims and Christians, both Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. The Kingdom of Sicily thus became characterized by Norman, Byzantine, Greek, Arab, Lombard and ""native"" Sicilian populations living in harmony, and its Norman rulers fostered plans of establishing an empire that would have encompassed Fatimid Egypt as well as the crusader states in the Levant.[32][33][34] One of the great geographical treatises of the Middle Ages, the ""Tabula Rogeriana"", was written by al-Idrisi for King Roger II of Sicily, and entitled ""Kitab Rudjdjar"" (""The Book of Roger"").[35] - The Normans began appearing in the military confrontations between Christians and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula since the early eleventh century. The first Norman who appears in the narrative sources was Roger I of Tosny who according to Ademar of Chabannes and the later Chronicle of St Pierre le Vif went to aid the Barcelonese in a series of raids against the Andalusi Muslims c. 1018.[36] Later in the eleventh century, other Norman adventurers such as Robert Crispin and Walter Giffard participated in the probably papal organised siege of Barbastro of 1064. Even after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the Normans continued to participate in ventures in the peninsula. After the Frankish conquest of the Holy Land during the First Crusade, the Normans began to be encouraged to participate in ventures of conquest in the northeast of the peninsula. The most significant example of this was the incursion of Rotrou II of Perche and Robert Burdet in the 1120s in the Ebro frontier. By 1129 Robert Burdet had been granted a semi-independent principality in the city of Tarragona by the then Archbishop of this see, Oleguer Bonestruga. Several others of Rotrou's Norman followers were rewarded with lands in the Ebro valley by King Alfonso I of Aragon for their services.[37] - With the rising popularity of the sea route to the Holy Land, Norman and Anglo-Norman crusaders also started to be encouraged locally by Iberian prelates to participate in the Portuguese incursions into the western areas of the Peninsula. The first of these incursions occurred when a fleet of these Crusaders was invited by the Portuguese king Afonso I Henriques to conquer the city of Lisbon in 1142.[38] Although this Siege of Lisbon (1142) was a failure it created a precedent for their involvement in Portugal. So in 1147 when another group of Norman and other groups of crusaders from Northern Europe arrived in Porto on their way to join the crusading forces of the Second Crusade, the Bishop of Porto and later Afonso Henriques according to De expugnatione Lyxbonensi convinced them to help with the siege of Lisbon. This time the city was captured and according to the arrangement agreed upon with the Portuguese monarch many of them settled in the newly sacked city.[39] The following year the remainder of the crusading fleet, including a substantial number of Anglo-Normans, was invited by the count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer IV, to participate in the siege of Tortosa (1148). Again the Normans were rewarded with lands in the newly conquered frontier city.[40] - Between 1135 and 1160, the Norman Kingdom of Sicily conquered and kept as vassals several cities on the Ifriqiya coast, corresponding to Tunisia and parts of Algeria and Libya today. -They were lost to the Almohads. - Soon after the Normans began to enter Italy, they entered the Byzantine Empire and then Armenia, fighting against the Pechenegs, the Bulgarians, and especially the Seljuk Turks. Norman mercenaries were first encouraged to come to the south by the Lombards to act against the Byzantines, but they soon fought in Byzantine service in Sicily. They were prominent alongside Varangian and Lombard contingents in the Sicilian campaign of George Maniaces in 1038–40. There is debate whether the Normans in Greek service actually were from Norman Italy, and it now seems likely only a few came from there. It is also unknown how many of the ""Franks"", as the Byzantines called them, were Normans and not other Frenchmen. - One of the first Norman mercenaries to serve as a Byzantine general was Hervé in the 1050s. By then, however, there were already Norman mercenaries serving as far away as Trebizond and Georgia. They were based at Malatya and Edessa, under the Byzantine duke of Antioch, Isaac Komnenos. In the 1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa against the Turks. Roussel de Bailleul even tried to carve out an independent state in Asia Minor with support from the local population in 1073, but he was stopped in 1075 by the Byzantine general and future emperor Alexius Komnenos.[41] - Some Normans joined Turkish forces to aid in the destruction of the Armenian vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron in far eastern Anatolia. Later, many took up service with the Armenian state further south in Cilicia and the Taurus Mountains. A Norman named Oursel led a force of ""Franks"" into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria. From 1073 to 1074, 8,000 of the 20,000 troops of the Armenian general Philaretus Brachamius were Normans—formerly of Oursel—led by Raimbaud. They even lent their ethnicity to the name of their castle: Afranji, meaning ""Franks"". The known trade between Amalfi and Antioch and between Bari and Tarsus may be related to the presence of Italo-Normans in those cities while Amalfi and Bari were under Norman rule in Italy. - Several families of Byzantine Greece were of Norman mercenary origin during the period of the Comnenian Restoration, when Byzantine emperors were seeking out western European warriors. The Raoulii were descended from an Italo-Norman named Raoul, the Petraliphae were descended from a Pierre d'Aulps, and that group of Albanian clans known as the Maniakates were descended from Normans who served under George Maniaces in the Sicilian expedition of 1038. - Robert Guiscard, another Norman adventurer previously elevated to the dignity of count of Apulia as the result of his military successes, ultimately drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy. Having obtained the consent of Pope Gregory VII and acting as his vassal, Robert continued his campaign conquering the Balkan peninsula as a foothold for western feudal lords and the Catholic Church. After allying himself with Croatia and the Catholic cities of Dalmatia, in 1081 he led an army of 30,000 men in 300 ships landing on the southern shores of Albania, capturing Valona, Kanina, Jericho (Orikumi), and reaching Butrint after numerous pillages. They joined the fleet that had previously conquered Corfu and attacked Dyrrachium from land and sea, devastating everything along the way. Under these harsh circumstances, the locals accepted the call of Emperor Alexios I Comnenos to join forces with the Byzantines against the Normans. The Byzantine forces could not take part in the ensuing battle because it had started before their arrival. Immediately before the battle, the Venetian fleet had secured a victory in the coast surrounding the city. Forced to retreat, Alexios ceded the city of Dyrrachium to the Count of the Tent (or Byzantine provincial administrators) mobilizing from Arbanon (i.e., ἐξ Ἀρβάνων ὁρμωμένω Κομισκόρτη; the term Κομισκόρτη is short for κόμης της κόρτης meaning ""Count of the Tent"").[42] The city's garrison resisted until February 1082, when Dyrrachium was betrayed to the Normans by the Venetian and Amalfitan merchants who had settled there. The Normans were now free to penetrate into the hinterland; they took Ioannina and some minor cities in southwestern Macedonia and Thessaly before appearing at the gates of Thessalonica. Dissension among the high ranks coerced the Normans to retreat to Italy. They lost Dyrrachium, Valona, and Butrint in 1085, after the death of Robert. - A few years after the First Crusade, in 1107, the Normans under the command of Bohemond, Robert's son, landed in Valona and besieged Dyrrachium using the most sophisticated military equipment of the time, but to no avail. Meanwhile, they occupied Petrela, the citadel of Mili at the banks of the river Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans, dissatisfied by the heavy taxes the Byzantines had imposed upon them. With their help, the Normans secured the Arbanon passes and opened their way to Dibra. The lack of supplies, disease and Byzantine resistance forced Bohemond to retreat from his campaign and sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines in the city of Deabolis. - The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium, owing to the betrayal of high Byzantine officials. Some time later, Dyrrachium—one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic—fell again to Byzantine hands. - The Normans were in contact with England from an early date. Not only were their original Viking brethren still ravaging the English coasts, they occupied most of the important ports opposite England across the English Channel. This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England. Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard. His stay in Normandy (until 1016) influenced him and his sons by Emma, who stayed in Normandy after Cnut the Great's conquest of the isle. - When Edward the Confessor finally returned from his father's refuge in 1041, at the invitation of his half-brother Harthacnut, he brought with him a Norman-educated mind. He also brought many Norman counsellors and fighters, some of whom established an English cavalry force. This concept never really took root, but it is a typical example of Edward's attitude. He appointed Robert of Jumièges Archbishop of Canterbury and made Ralph the Timid Earl of Hereford. - On 14 October 1066, William the Conqueror gained a decisive victory at the Battle of Hastings, which led to the conquest of England three years later;[43] this can be seen on the Bayeux tapestry. The invading Normans and their descendants largely replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England. The nobility of England were part of a single Norman culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel. Early Norman kings of England, as Dukes of Normandy, owed homage to the King of France for their land on the continent. They considered England to be their most important holding (it brought with it the title of King—an important status symbol). - Eventually, the Normans merged with the natives, combining languages and traditions, so much so that Marjorie Chibnall says ""writers still referred to Normans and English; but the terms no longer meant the same as in the immediate aftermath of 1066.""[44] In the course of the Hundred Years' War, the Norman aristocracy often identified themselves as English. The Anglo-Norman language became distinct from the French spoken in Paris, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer. The Anglo-Norman language was eventually absorbed into the Anglo-Saxon language of their subjects (see Old English) and influenced it, helping (along with the Norse language of the earlier Anglo-Norse settlers and the Latin used by the church) in the development of Middle English, which, in turn, evolved into Modern English. - The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169. Initially, the Normans maintained a distinct culture and ethnicity. Yet, with time, they came to be subsumed into Irish culture to the point that it has been said that they became ""more Irish than the Irish themselves"". The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland, later known as the Pale, and also built many fine castles and settlements, including Trim Castle and Dublin Castle. The cultures intermixed, borrowing from each other's language, culture and outlook. Norman surnames still exist today. Names such as French, (De) Roche, Devereux, D'Arcy, Treacy and Lacy are particularly common in the southeast of Ireland, especially in the southern part of Wexford County, where the first Norman settlements were established. Other Norman names, such as Furlong, predominate there.[clarification needed] Another common Norman-Irish name was Morell (Murrell), derived from the French Norman name Morel. Names beginning with Fitz- (from the Norman for ""son"") usually indicate Norman ancestry. Hiberno-Norman surnames with the prefix Fitz- include Fitzgerald, FitzGibbons (Gibbons) as well as Fitzmaurice. Families bearing such surnames as Barry (de Barra) and De Búrca (Burke) are also of Norman extraction. - One of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror, Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III of Scotland married Edgar's sister Margaret, and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders. William invaded Scotland in 1072, riding as far as Abernethy where he met up with his fleet of ships. Malcolm submitted, paid homage to William and surrendered his son Duncan as a hostage, beginning a series of arguments as to whether the Scottish Crown owed allegiance to the King of England. - Normans went into Scotland, building castles and founding noble families that would provide some future kings, such as Robert the Bruce, as well as founding a considerable number of the Scottish clans. King David I of Scotland, whose elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy, was instrumental in introducing Normans and Norman culture to Scotland, part of the process some scholars call the ""Davidian Revolution"". Having spent time at the court of Henry I of England (married to David's sister Maud of Scotland), and needing them to wrestle the kingdom from his half-brother Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair, David had to reward many with lands. The process was continued under David's successors, most intensely of all under William the Lion. The Norman-derived feudal system was applied in varying degrees to most of Scotland. Scottish families of the names Bruce, Gray, Ramsay, Fraser, Rose, Ogilvie, Montgomery, Sinclair, Pollock, Burnard, Douglas and Gordon to name but a few, and including the later royal House of Stewart, can all be traced back to Norman ancestry. - Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as Earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales. - After the Conquest, however, the Marches came completely under the dominance of William's most trusted Norman barons, including Bernard de Neufmarché, Roger of Montgomery in Shropshire and Hugh Lupus in Cheshire. These Normans began a long period of slow conquest during which almost all of Wales was at some point subject to Norman interference. Norman words, such as baron (barwn), first entered Welsh at that time. - The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade carved out a Norman principality in Antioch. They were major foreign combatants in the Reconquista in Iberia. In 1018, Roger de Tosny travelled to the Iberian Peninsula to carve out a state for himself from Moorish lands, but failed. In 1064, during the War of Barbastro, William of Montreuil, Roger Crispin and probably Walter Guiffard led an army under the papal hanner which took a huge booty as they captured the city from its Andelusi rulers. Later a group of Normans led by certain William (some have suggested this was William the Carpenter) participated in the failed siege of Tudela of 1087.[45] - In 1096, Crusaders passing by the siege of Amalfi were joined by Bohemond of Taranto and his nephew Tancred with an army of Italo-Normans. Bohemond was the de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor. After the successful Siege of Antioch in 1097, Bohemond began carving out an independent principality around that city. Tancred was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem and he worked for the expansion of the Crusader kingdom in Transjordan and the region of Galilee.[citation needed]. - After the First Crusade to the Levant, the Normans continued with their involvement in Iberia as well as other areas of the Mediterranean. Among them was Rotrou of Perche and his followers Robert Burdet and William Giffard who joined multiple expeditions into the Ebro Valley to aid Alfonso I of Aragon in his campaigns of conquest. Robert Burdet managed to acquire the position of Alcide of Tudela by 1123 and later that of Prince of the city Tarragona in 1129.[46] - The conquest of Cyprus by the Anglo-Norman forces of the Third Crusade opened a new chapter in the history of the island, which would be under Western European domination for the following 380 years. Although not part of a planned operation, the conquest had much more permanent results than initially expected. - In April 1191, Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre.[47] But a storm dispersed the fleet. After some searching, it was discovered that the boat carrying his sister and his fiancée Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus, together with the wrecks of several other ships, including the treasure ship. Survivors of the wrecks had been taken prisoner by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos.[48] On 1 May 1191, Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Limassol on Cyprus.[48] He ordered Isaac to release the prisoners and the treasure.[48] Isaac refused, so Richard landed his troops and took Limassol.[49] - Various princes of the Holy Land arrived in Limassol at the same time, in particular Guy de Lusignan. All declared their support for Richard provided that he support Guy against his rival Conrad of Montferrat.[50] The local barons abandoned Isaac, who considered making peace with Richard, joining him on the crusade, and offering his daughter in marriage to the person named by Richard.[51] But Isaac changed his mind and tried to escape. Richard then proceeded to conquer the whole island, his troops being led by Guy de Lusignan. Isaac surrendered and was confined with silver chains, because Richard had promised that he would not place him in irons. By 1 June, Richard had conquered the whole island. His exploit was well publicized and contributed to his reputation; he also derived significant financial gains from the conquest of the island.[52] Richard left for Acre on 5 June, with his allies.[52] Before his departure, he named two of his Norman generals, Richard de Camville and Robert de Thornham, as governors of Cyprus. - While in Limassol, Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. The wedding was held on 12 May 1191 at the Chapel of St. George and it was attended by Richard's sister Joan, whom he had brought from Sicily. The marriage was celebrated with great pomp and splendor. Among other grand ceremonies was a double coronation: Richard caused himself to be crowned King of Cyprus, and Berengaria Queen of England and Queen of Cyprus as well. - The rapid Anglo-Norman conquest proved more important than it seemed. The island occupied a key strategic position on the maritime lanes to the Holy Land, whose occupation by the Christians could not continue without support from the sea.[53] Shortly after the conquest, Cyprus was sold to the Knights Templar and it was subsequently acquired, in 1192, by Guy de Lusignan and became a stable feudal kingdom.[53] It was only in 1489 that the Venetians acquired full control of the island, which remained a Christian stronghold until the fall of Famagusta in 1571.[52] - Between 1402 and 1405, the expedition led by the Norman noble Jean de Bethencourt[54] and the Poitevine Gadifer de la Salle conquered the Canarian islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa. Their troops were gathered in Normandy, Gascony and were later reinforced by Castilian colonists. - Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile. In 1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán, 2nd Count de Niebla. - When Norse Vikings from Scandinavia arrived in the then-province of Neustria and settled the land that became known as Normandy, they originally spoke Old Norse, a North Germanic language. Over time, they came to live among the local Gallo-Romance-speaking population, with the two communities converging to the point that the original Norsemen largely assimilated and adopted the local dialect of Old French while contributing some elements from the Old Norse language.[55][56] This Norse-influenced dialect which then arose was known as Old Norman, and it is the ancestor of both the modern Norman language still spoken today in the Channel Islands and parts of mainland Normandy, as well as the historical Anglo-Norman language in England. Old Norman was also an important language of the Principality of Antioch during Crusader rule in the Levant.[57] - Old Norman and Anglo-Norman literature was quite extensive during the Middle Ages, with records existing from notable Norman poets such as Wace, who was born on the island of Jersey and raised in mainland Normandy.[58] - The customary law of Normandy was developed between the 10th and 13th centuries and survives today through the legal systems of Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands. Norman customary law was transcribed in two customaries in Latin by two judges for use by them and their colleagues:[59] These are the Très ancien coutumier (Very ancient customary), authored between 1200 and 1245; and the Grand coutumier de Normandie (Great customary of Normandy, originally Summa de legibus Normanniae in curia laïcali), authored between 1235 and 1245. - Norman architecture typically stands out as a new stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued. They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England, Italy and Ireland, and the encastellation of these regions with keeps in their north French style fundamentally altered the military landscape. Their style was characterised by rounded arches, particularly over windows and doorways, and massive proportions. - In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic. In southern Italy, the Normans incorporated elements of Islamic, Lombard, and Byzantine building techniques into their own, initiating a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily.[6] - In the visual arts, the Normans did not have the rich and distinctive traditions of the cultures they conquered. However, in the early 11th century, the dukes began a programme of church reform, encouraging the Cluniac reform of monasteries and patronising intellectual pursuits, especially the proliferation of scriptoria and the reconstitution of a compilation of lost illuminated manuscripts. The church was utilised by the dukes as a unifying force for their disparate duchy. The chief monasteries taking part in this ""renaissance"" of Norman art and scholarship were Mont-Saint-Michel, Fécamp, Jumièges, Bec, Saint-Ouen, Saint-Evroul, and Saint-Wandrille. These centres were in contact with the so-called ""Winchester school"", which channeled a pure Carolingian artistic tradition to Normandy. In the final decade of the 11th and first of the 12th century, Normandy experienced a golden age of illustrated manuscripts, but it was brief and the major scriptoria of Normandy ceased to function after the midpoint of the century. - The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century and the French Revolution in the 18th successively destroyed much of what existed in the way of the architectural and artistic remnant of this Norman creativity. The former, with their violence, caused the wanton destruction of many Norman edifices; the latter, with its assault on religion, caused the purposeful destruction of religious objects of any type, and its destabilisation of society resulted in rampant pillaging. - By far the most famous work of Norman art is the Bayeux Tapestry, which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery. It was commissioned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent, employing natives from Kent who were learned in the Nordic traditions imported in the previous half century by the Danish Vikings. - In Britain, Norman art primarily survives as stonework or metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts. In southern Italy, however, Norman artwork survives plentifully in forms strongly influenced by its Greek, Lombard, and Arab forebears. Of the royal regalia preserved in Palermo, the crown is Byzantine in style and the coronation cloak is of Arab craftsmanship with Arabic inscriptions. Many churches preserve sculptured fonts, capitals, and more importantly mosaics, which were common in Norman Italy and drew heavily on the Greek heritage. Lombard Salerno was a centre of ivorywork in the 11th century and this continued under Norman domination. French Crusaders traveling to the Holy Land brought with them French artefacts with which to gift the churches at which they stopped in southern Italy amongst their Norman cousins. For this reason many south Italian churches preserve works from France alongside their native pieces. - Normandy was the site of several important developments in the history of classical music in the 11th century. Fécamp Abbey and Saint-Evroul Abbey were centres of musical production and education. At Fécamp, under two Italian abbots, William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna, the system of denoting notes by letters was developed and taught. It is still the most common form of pitch representation in English- and German-speaking countries today. Also at Fécamp, the staff, around which neumes were oriented, was first developed and taught in the 11th century. Under the German abbot Isembard, La Trinité-du-Mont became a centre of musical composition. - At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grantmesnil, several monks of Saint-Evroul fled to southern Italy, where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia Lamezia. There they continued the tradition of singing. -",2023-08-26 18:49:38 -Agriophara nodigera - Wikipedia," - Agriophara nodigera is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.[1] - The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are whitish, densely irrorated with dark fuscous and with roundish raised tufts of blackish scales and three in a line from beneath the costa at one-sixth to above the inner-margin at one-third, three or four in an oblique line from the costa at one-third to above the middle of the inner-margin. Just outside this is an ochreous-brown spot in the disc before the middle and there is a more obscure curved line of raised dots from the costa at one-half to above and before the anal angle. Just beyond this is an ochreous-brown spot in the disc at two-thirds and there is a very obscure series of dots parallel to the hindmargin, not raised. The hindwings are fuscous-grey.[2] - - This article on a moth of the subfamily Stenomatinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:49:41 -Bår Stenvik - Wikipedia,"Bår Stenvik (born 18 November 1976) is a Norwegian non-fiction writer. - He hails from Namdalseid.[1] He wrote the children's non-fiction books Dataspill (2011)[2] and Ti utrulege oppfinningar (2020),[1] the non-fiction books Skitt (2011), Bløff (2014) and Å bli en annen (2016). In 2011 he also issued the novel Informasjonen, whose movie rights were bought by Bulldozer Film.[2] He followed up with Det store spillet (2020).[1] - - This article about a Norwegian writer, poet or journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:49:46 -Jaime de Marichalar - Wikipedia,"Jaime de Marichalar y Sáenz de Tejada, Lord of Tejada (born 7 April 1963), is the former husband of the Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, the eldest daughter of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain. - Of Navarran Basque Carlist aristocracy, Jaime is the third of the five sons and one daughter of Amalio de Marichalar y Bruguera, 8th Count of Ripalda (Madrid, 13 May 1912 – Madrid, 26 December 1979), and his wife (m. Torrecilla de Cameros, La Rioja, 25 July 1957) María de la Concepción Sáenz de Tejada y Fernández de Boadilla, Lady of the Manor of Tejada (Logroño, La Rioja, 3 January 1929 – Madrid, 13 March 2014).[1] He studied at the Jesuit schools in Burgos, San Estanislao de Kostka in Madrid and Yago School in Dublin, Ireland. - His higher education focused on Economics and he specialized in Business Management and Marketing, although he never obtained a degree. In 1986, he gained practical work experience in a number of financial businesses in Paris, where he lived as a bachelor and during the early years of his marriage. - After a number of years working in the international financial markets sector, in January 1998 he was appointed Managing Director's Senior Advisor for Crédit Suisse First Boston in Madrid. He is also an advisor of Sociedad General Inmobiliaria.[2] He was President of the Winterthur Foundation, which promotes cultural activities. On 21 November 2008 he left as President of the AXA Foundation, the former Winterthur Foundation.[3] - Since 1995, he has been a member of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla (Royal Cavalry Armory of Seville), a noble guild created in 1670.[4][5] - In 2001, he suffered a stroke, and largely retired from public life. - In 1987, Jaime de Marichalar met his future wife, Infanta Elena of Spain, while she was studying French literature in Paris and he was working there. - On 18 March 1995, they married in Seville Cathedral, Seville. The couple has two children: Felipe (born 17 July 1998) and Victoria (born 9 September 2000), They were born at Ruber International Hospital in Madrid. The couple lived initially in Paris and then from 1998 in the Salamanca district of Madrid.[citation needed] - On 13 November 2007 it was announced that he and his wife had separated.[6] In November 2009, the Spanish media announced that Jaime de Marichalar and Infanta Elena would immediately divorce, although a rumour to that effect had been circulating for a year before the announcement was made.[7][8] Their divorce papers were signed on 25 November 2009.[9] The couple got divorced in December 2009.[10] On 21 January 2010 the divorce was registered in the Civil Registry of the Spanish Royal Family. It was officially announced on 9 February 2010 that, following his divorce, Jaime de Marichalar would no longer be permitted to use his former wife's ducal title or the styles Grandee of Spain and Excellency, and that he is no longer considered to be an official member of the Spanish Royal Family.[11] - Marichalar is since birth Lord of Tejada [es], a hereditary lordship dating from the 9th century that has the peculiarity that it is transmissible to the offspring of either gender (instead of only to the firstborn child), by his mother, who is descended from Sancho de Tejada.[12] On March 18, 1995, he married the Infanta Elena de Borbón, eldest daughter of King Juan Carlos I of Spain, in the Cathedral of Seville. Upon their marriage, his wife was granted the title of Duchess of Lugo by the royal household, and Jaime as her consort received the predicate of excellency and Duke of Lugo.[13] On January 21, 2010, following the registration of their divorce in the civil status of the royal family, he lost the predicate of excellency and title as well as his quality of member of the Spanish Royal Family.[11] -",2023-08-26 18:49:49 -Synchronized swimming at the 2015 Pan American Games – Qualification - Wikipedia," - A total of 80 synchronized swimmers will qualify to compete at the games. 8 teams of nine athletes (including one reserve) along with an additional four duets will qualify to compete at the games. The host nation is automatically qualified with a team of nine athletes. A NOC may enter a maximum of nine athletes, if it has qualified a team and two athletes if it has qualified only a duet.[1] - Canada as host nation and the United States, as being the only member located in zone 3 automatically qualify a full team. The South American region and the Central American and Caribbean region will qualify three teams and five duets each. Therefore, a total of eight teams and twelve duets will qualify. All countries qualifying a team will also qualify a duet, the pair most consist of two athletes that compete in the team event.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:49:54 -Fortress (cancelled video game) - Wikipedia,"Fortress is the code name of a cancelled action role-playing video game that was in development by Swedish game developer Grin. Director Ulf Andersson devised the concept for Fortress before preproduction began in the second half of 2008. During development, Square Enix approached the developer and proposed making the game a spin-off of Final Fantasy XII. Grin reconceived the game in the recurring Final Fantasy world of Ivalice, and included elements of XII, such as stylistic motifs and character designs; additional elements included chocobos and other recurring creatures from the Final Fantasy series. It was to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. - During development, Square Enix did not pay Grin over several months and disapproved of the game's Nordic art style. Grin worked to bring the game's art style closer to the Final Fantasy series, but after six months of development was told that no funding would ever come from Square Enix, and the developer filed for bankruptcy several days later. Word of the project leaked out through art portfolios of those who worked on the project and even a tech demo surfaced. - In 2011, Fortress was thought to have been in development by an undisclosed studio, but this was also suspended, and the game was not released in any form. - According to scenario writer Ulf Andersson, the story was set several years after the events of Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings. The plot revolved a magical fortress designed to defend Ivalice from a being known as the Sea King Loemund, who rose every 10,000 years to attempt to conquer the land. During his last attempt, he was slain and his crown was lost in the fortress. Though the myth is mostly disregarded, the story is believed by Basch fon Ronsenburg, now serving the current Archadian Emperor Larsa Solidor under the name of ""Judge Gabranth"". Marching to the fortress' location, he and his forces would have needed to fend off the forces of Loemund, who seeks vengeance against his killer's descendant Queen Ashelia B'nargin Dalmasca. A central character plot was to be a romantic connection between Basch and Ashe that would fade as Larsa and Ashe grew closer and Basch became entrenched in his fight against Loemund. Other characters involved included the sky pirate Balthier, and earlier main protagonists Vaan and Penelo. A new character, a demigod named Laegd, would join Basch after being defeated in single combat. The main aim of the story was to bring the entire cast of Final Fantasy XII back together for a final fight to save Ivalice.[1] - Fortress started out as an original fantasy game concept designed by Ulf Andersson, Grin's co-founder.[2] Preproduction began in the second half of 2008.[3] Lead character artist Björn Albihn described Fortress as ""a game with an epic scale both in story and production values"".[4] The project was developed on a game engine compatible with Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.[4] The development team, led by Andersson as a creative director, produced concept art and 3D assets under art director Anders De Geer and Albihn.[4][5] The game design was led by technical artist Erik Lindqvist.[6] The art style of the game was supposed to be realistic and similar to The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim according to Guillaumue Mraz, a level designer at Grin.[7] - The game was pitched to various publishers, and the Japanese gaming company Square Enix took an interest in the project. Square Enix president Yoichi Wada visited Grin several times, and liked the action role-playing game concept and its Nordic visual style.[2][7] After getting the chance to see a boss fight from Bionic Commando, which at the time was being developed by Grin for the Japanese company Capcom, Wada said he had seen enough, and decided that Square Enix would publish Fortress as a Final Fantasy spin-off.[2] - Once it became a Final Fantasy title, the Grin founders wanted to come in and revolutionize Final Fantasy in new ways with their project.[8] Fortress was to be set in the fictional world of Ivalice, specifically the version seen in Final Fantasy XII, only set some time in the future.[7][9] In addition to many original characters and locations, concept art for the game included the character Ashe and a Judge from Final Fantasy XII, as well as chocobos and other recurring creatures of the Final Fantasy series.[4][5][10][11] A portfolio video created by lead technical artist Anders Bodbacka revealed that Larsa Solidor and Basch fon Ronsenburg from Final Fantasy XII were also to be featured.[12] The setting was to be different from a normal Final Fantasy game, with familiar characters exploring a ""Nordic"" version of Final Fantasy, and ""primarily set in a massive fortress"" according to Linda Dahlberg, a Grin associate producer.[7] Other landscapes such as plains, forests, deserts and snowfields were also designed.[4][5][10][11] - Invaders from the sea were to be the main enemies of the game. They were visually based on the Vikings and wielded armor and weapons decorated with sea and sea monster imagery. Planned boss battles included fighting a gargantuan version of the Final Fantasy monster Malboro, where the player would use the seaweed on its back to climb on top of it and drop bombs on the creature's weak spots.[4] According to a design document, the game was divided into at least seven chapters, starting at the gate of the Fortress and leading up to the top of the stronghold.[13] Grin's music director Erik Thunberg was responsible for the game's score, including a track that features a rearrangement of the ""Prelude"" theme from the Final Fantasy series.[14][15][16] - Square Enix was supposed to pay Grin US$16.5 million for the production of Fortress in successive waves in accordance with the project's milestones. No payments were made during the first two months of development, but Grin's co-founder Bo Andersson was initially not worried as he considered delayed payments common and had faith in the project. However, several more months went by without payments, costing the studio 12 million kr a month. Grin closed all of their offices except for the main one in Stockholm, but still no money came.[2] In 2009, Grin released Terminator Salvation, Wanted: Weapons of Fate, and Bionic Commando to negative reviews and poor sales, which caused further financial woes and seemed to make Square Enix nervous.[2][3][7] The publisher wanted updates and asked that all of the game's assets, including the code, the music files, and even the game's developer language be faxed to them. This move was described as impossible and ""almost a criminal behavior"" by Andersson.[7][17] - Square Enix had changed its mind, and no longer liked the Nordic style of this spin-off game, so a last-minute style change was attempted.[2] The game had been such a well-guarded secret, and had been through so many changes, that most employees did not know they had been working on a Final Fantasy game until very late in development.[7] Grin attempted to change the art style to fit more with traditional Final Fantasy games, but still did not receive any positive feedback. In response, Grin sent Square Enix an image of one of the latter's own games, Final Fantasy XII, and were told that it does not look like a game in Final Fantasy's style.[2][17] Following that exchange, Grin came to the conclusion that there was no longer any way to satisfy the publisher.[2] - In early August 2009, a call was received from Square Enix telling them that no payments were coming.[2] Grin's founders considered suing, but had run out of money, leading them to stop production after six months of work. Furthermore, Grin ceased production on all of their other projects and declared bankruptcy due to Sweden's severe laws against operating businesses under a debt load.[2][3][18] Magnus Ihrefors, one of the 3D artists who worked on the project, stated that he had only found out about the game's cancellation in August, but it was like a ""punch in the belly"" for their last chance to get on track again.[7] The developer closed its offices on August 12, stating that delayed payments from ""too many publishers"" caused ""an unbearable cashflow situation"" and referred to Fortress in a farewell note as an ""unreleased masterpiece that [they] weren't allowed to finish"".[19][20] According to the bankruptcy papers, Square Enix felt that the development goals for Fortress ""had not been met in a satisfactory way"", whereas Andersson claimed the contrary, arguing that the milestones initially set up with a producer from Square Enix had been met.[2] Mraz stated that Grin seemed to have ignored Square Enix's requests for changes, and the Final Fantasy franchise was too important to overlook this behavior.[7] The Anderssons later called the game's cancellation a ""betrayal"", and said they have never received any payment for the initial work done on the game.[21] - After Grin's closure, the former existence of Fortress spread as mentions and concept art of the project appeared on former employees' resumes and portfolios.[9] In January 2010, footage from an alleged tech demo of Fortress was leaked onto the Internet. The video description stated the game's events are ""set some time after Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings"" and mentioned Square Enix's subsidiary Eidos Montreal as a possible new home for the project.[22][23] Replying to a fan question in May, David Hoffman, director of business development at the North American branch of Square Enix, mentioned Fortress without confirming its existence, also saying that he had no involvement in the rumored project.[24] The Fortress project, still supported by Square Enix, was for a time being developed by a different, undisclosed studio, but this ended as well.[25] At an interview at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo, Motomu Toriyama of Square Enix said that Fortress was suspended, saying that the game ""won't be released"".[25] In 2012, music director Erik Thunberg posted a music track intended for the game.[16] - -",2023-08-26 18:49:58 -Ballantine's Championship - Wikipedia,"The Ballantine's Championship (known as The Championship at Laguna National in its final year) was a European Tour golf tournament which was played from 2008 to 2014. It was the first European Tour event to be staged in South Korea. - From 2008 to 2010, the tournament was played at Pinx Golf Club on the island of Jeju. From 2011 to 2013, the tournament was played at Blackstone Golf Club. In 2014, the event has moved to Laguna National Golf & CC in Singapore and titled as The Championship at Laguna National.[1] - The tournament was announced in July 2007 by the European Tour in partnership with the Korean PGA,[2] marking a continuation of the European Tour's expansion into Asia. The Asian Tour, which had not been offered the co-sanctioning rights to which it felt it was entitled, responded by calling the event an ""invasive"" action that ""colonised"" Asia in ""blatant disregard"" of the ""principles of the International Federation of PGA Tours"",[3] but six months later it agreed terms to co-sanction the event.[4] -The prize fund in the first year was €2 million (circa US$2.9 million). -",2023-08-26 18:50:02 -"Burntside, Minnesota - Wikipedia"," - Burntside is an unincorporated community in Morse Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. - The community is located three miles west of Ely, near the junction of State Highway 169 (MN 169) / State Highway 1 (MN 1), and Saint Louis County Road 88 (Grant–McMahan Boulevard). - Burntside Lake and Shagawa Lake are in the vicinity. - - This article about a location in St. Louis County, Minnesota is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:50:06 -Adult Books (band) - Wikipedia,"Adult Books is a post-punk band from Los Angeles, California. It was started by Nick Winfrey. - While he played in different Southern California bands, Winfrey wrote multiple songs that were gentler than those of the punk bands he was playing in. The band is named after the X song of the same name. The band's first release was a self-titled EP released on Lolipop Records in 2012.[1] The band released their first full-length album, Running From the Blows, on March 4, 2016, on both Lolipop Records and Burger Records.[2][3] Winfrey has said that, in writing the songs on this album, he was inspired by late 70's/early 80's British punk bands, such as Television Personalities.[4] - - This article on a United States punk rock band is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:50:09 -"Mohammadabad, Zarand - Wikipedia"," - Mohammadabad (Persian: محمداباد, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād; also known as Mohammad Abad Hoomeh and Moḩammadābād Ḩūmeh)[3] is a village in, and the capital of, Mohammadabad Rural District of the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman province, Iran. - At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,728 in 448 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 2,005 people in 579 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 2,039 people in 606 households.[2] - - This Zarand County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:50:12 -"Chella, Valencia - Wikipedia"," - Chella (Valencian: Xella) is a municipality in the comarca of Canal de Navarrés in the Valencian Community, Spain. - The municipal territory of is close to that of the following municipalities: -Anna, Bolbaite, Cotes, Enguera, Enguera, Navarrés, Sellent, Estubeny and Sumacàrcer all located in the province of Valencia. - Chella is of great archaeological interest and is well known through various explorations and surveys. - Ceramics and flints have been found showing a long human occupation, from the Mesolithic to the early age of the metal. From the Neolithic, vestiges are also present. - From the Iberian period, there was an abundant ceramic painted geometric decoration and fragments of vases black varnish. Nearby, in a northwestern ravine, two slabs serving as a bridge seem to be vestiges of the threshold of a Roman house. - In the Muslim era, Chella was a farm that James I of Aragon donated to Pere Dovit, although he later returned to the crown. In 1341, the king gave it to Tomás de Ulmis, who passed it in 1356 to the count of Denia and later to the duchy of Gandia. In 1611, Carlos of Borja published a mapping of the population after the expulsion of the Moriscos. Later, it belonged to the Marquis de Bélgida. - Despite the existence of archaeological remains of an Iberian village, located in Los Secanos de Arriba, as well as a Roman farmhouse in the current house of Fulgencio and remains Muslim remains that lived in spaces the caves of Peña del Turco, the current municipality of Chella has its origin in a Muslim farm, located in the current square of the old church, where there is still a part of the wall of the mosque which is currently a niche with the Virgin of Gracia patron saint of the town. - In 1244, James I of Aragon conquered the region and rebelled against Al-Azraq, a Muslim ruler, and against the inhabitants of Chella. After being defeated, they were expelled, repopulating the commune with Muslims loyal to the king. The population was given in stronghold successively to Thomas de Ulmis, the Count of Denia, Pedro Escintelles and the first Duke of Gandia (Alfonso el Vell), and after his death returned to the Crown. - During the Germanías, the Moors of Chella were forced to be baptized and the parish of Bolbaite dismembered from that of Chella. - With Carlos of Borja, he returned to the hands of the dukes of Gandia and the counts of Oliva; and in 1609 Philip III (King of Spain) ordered the expulsion of the Moors and Chella was completely abandoned until 1611. It was then that the letter was granted and the new settlers (Llobregat, Granero, Garcia Esparza, Palop, etc.) were installed. - During this century, the population is growing; the remains of the Muslim castle remain in the upper part, today the district of La Peña. This development is consolidated in the eighteenth century, when the feudal lords are no longer the Borja, but the Marquis de Bélgida. In the war of succession Chella ceases to belong to the government of Xàtiva and enter the village of Montesa with the neighboring municipalities of Anna, Enguera and Estubeny. All these cities were affected by the earthquake of 23 March 1748, which destroyed the old church of Chella, thus accelerating the construction of the new (1763) neoclassical style and Latin cross with bell-shaped corners towards the cardinal points, turn and that it keeps its first bell Maria de Gracia dating from 1789. - During the same century the transformation of dry lands in the orchard, thanks to the discovery of a new source (Le Abrullador) thanks to the examination of Cabanilles has generated significant economic growth. - In the nineteenth century, when territorial lordships disappeared, Chella became a municipality in the municipal sense. In the Madoz census of 1840, the population was 1200 inhabitants, whose economy was based on the cultivation of wheat, corn, barley and the production of oil, wine and silk. During the restoration, the agricultural social structure was made up of small and medium-sized landowners and day laborers, which led to the appearance of ""caciquism"" (the name given to all the political relations that animated the years of the Restoration of the Bourbons in Spain (1874–1931)). - There is a legend, with romantic hues, that El Chato, a true character in the service of caciquism, became a rodero (bandit) after a disappointment in love. - The phylloxera (destructive vine aphid) has brought about the end of vineyard cultivation and wine production. This caused many emigrations in Argentina or Algeria (Sidi Bel Abbés) and the extension of the olive growing. - Since the time of the Republic and the civil war, stands in the barracks of Paterna, the figure of Carlos Fabra Marin (07/02 / 1904-6 / 7/1970), Republican sergeant who aborted, at night on 29 July, with his aide-de-camp and his only pistol (a 9-millimeter Bergman), the seditious military uprising in Valencia. The shooting left 3 dead and several wounded. This intervention was decisive to avoid the military rebellion of Valencia against the Second Republic. He was decorated for this action by General José Miaja. - Passing captain in 1937, remaining close to general José Miaja and the republican government in Valencia, he decided to send the family (wife, son and daughter) in 1938 to France and joined his family in exile in France on 2 March 1939 and helped many migrant families in the years 1950–1960. - Arrested during the German occupation, he was taken prisoner at the Vernet camp of Ariège in the Pyrenees. - During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, he was condemned to ostracism by the inhabitants and related political parties, until his heroic history was found through essays and publications. Since then, a street in Chella has been awarded. His direct descendants still live in Chella as well as in France where he died on 6 July 1970 without having seen his native country again. First buried in St-Denis near Paris, his remains were in 1986 repatriated to Chella (paid by the City Council of Valencia), during the commemoration of the 50 years of the end of the Civil War, where a tribute was paid to him by the veterans still alive and many associations. - A tribute to his heroic intervention was delivered by Paterna City Council in 2006. - With the arrival of democracy and the return of emigrants, the economy has improved. The labor force moved out of the agricultural sector into construction and services. Domestic manufacture and the development of caliqueños cigars constituted a submerged economy, which employed mainly women's work. - Currently, urban development continues along the same routes: Higueral, Carlos Fabra, Federico Granero, Blasco Ibáñez, Miguel Hernández, La Paz and Valeriano Bellver streets, and Avenida de Santa the Constitution, which has ceased to be an urban transit because of the hijacking of the road. In the direction of Bolbaite (Bolbait in Catalan), the city has expanded with the industrial zone, articulated around the street of the First May, whose crossings take the name of the rural areas of the term. For a decade, the population has increased with the arrival of people coming mainly from Eastern Europe, Maghreb and Great Britain, which opens a new stage of coexistence. - List of mayors since the first democratic elections. - Traditionally based on agriculture. - In irrigated areas, garlic, wheat, maize, peanuts, onions, tobacco and fruit trees are grown. -In dry land, olives, almonds, grapes and carob are harvested. -In Chella, they are undoubtedly distinguished above all by artisanal products such as the famous Caliqueño cigars, bobbin lace. -The stone is also worked (facades, chimneys, paths, etc.), which is one of its main activities - Specialty of baked rice and ""arroz caldós"", ""casolica de pencas"", stew and gaspacho with manchego. - Among the desserts stand out: the ""torticas"" of peanuts and oil of San Blas, the ""bizcochás"", the ""rollicos de anís"", the ""pastissets of moniato"", the ""pastissets of rosillas"", the ""torta"" in llanda "", the"" almendrones """", ""rossegones"" and for all the saints, they become ""hogassas"". -",2023-08-26 18:50:17 -Cinnamon - Wikipedia," - Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, breakfast cereals, snack foods, bagels, teas, hot chocolate and traditional foods. The aroma and flavour of cinnamon derive from its essential oil and principal component, cinnamaldehyde, as well as numerous other constituents including eugenol. - Cinnamon is the name for several species of trees and the commercial spice products that some of them produce. All are members of the genus Cinnamomum in the family Lauraceae. Only a few Cinnamomum species are grown commercially for spice. Cinnamomum verum (alternatively C. zeylanicum), known as ""Ceylon cinnamon"" after its origins in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), is considered to be ""true cinnamon"",[1] but most cinnamon in international commerce is derived from four other species, usually and more correctly referred to as ""cassia"": C. burmanni (Indonesian cinnamon or Padang cassia), C. cassia (Chinese cinnamon or Chinese cassia), C. loureiroi (Saigon cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia), and the less common C. citriodorum (Malabar cinnamon).[1][2][3] - In 2021, world production of cinnamon was 226,753 tonnes, led by China with 43% of the total.[4] - The English word ""cinnamon"", attested in English since the 15th century, deriving from the Ancient Greek κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon, later κίνναμον : kínnamon), via Latin and medieval French intermediate forms. The Greek was borrowed from a Phoenician word, which was similar to the related Hebrew word קנמון (qinnāmōn).[5][6] - The name ""cassia"", first recorded in late Old English from Latin, ultimately derives from the Hebrew word קציעה qetsīʿāh, a form of the verb קצע qātsaʿ, ""to strip off bark"".[7][8] - Early Modern English also used the names canel and canella, similar to the current names of cinnamon in several other European languages, which are derived from the Latin word cannella, a diminutive of canna, ""tube"", from the way the bark curls up as it dries.[9] - Cinnamon has been known from remote antiquity.[10] It was imported to Egypt as early as 2000 BC, but those who reported that it had come from China had confused it with Cinnamomum cassia, a related species.[3] Cinnamon was so highly prized among ancient nations that it was regarded as a gift fit for monarchs[10] and even for a deity; an inscription records the gift of cinnamon and cassia to the temple of Apollo at Miletus.[11] Its source was kept a trade secret in the Mediterranean world for centuries by those in the spice trade, in order to protect their monopoly as suppliers.[12] - Cinnamomum verum, which translates from Latin as ""true cinnamon"", is native to India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Myanmar.[13] Cinnamomum cassia (cassia) is native to China. Related species, all harvested and sold in the modern era as cinnamon, are native to Vietnam (""Saigon cinnamon""), Indonesia and other southeast Asian countries with warm climates. - In Ancient Egypt, cinnamon was used to embalm mummies.[14] From the Ptolemaic Kingdom onward, Ancient Egyptian recipes for kyphi, an aromatic used for burning, included cinnamon and cassia. The gifts of Hellenistic rulers to temples sometimes included cassia and cinnamon. - The first Greek reference to κασία kasía is found in a poem by Sappho in the 7th century BC. According to Herodotus, both cinnamon and cassia grew in Arabia, together with incense, myrrh and labdanum, and were guarded by winged serpents.[15] Herodotus, Aristotle and other authors named Arabia as the source of cinnamon; they recounted that giant ""cinnamon birds"" collected the cinnamon sticks from an unknown land where the cinnamon trees grew and used them to construct their nests.[15]: 111  - Pliny the Elder wrote that cinnamon was brought around the Arabian peninsula on ""rafts without rudders or sails or oars"", taking advantage of the winter trade winds.[16] He also mentioned cassia as a flavouring agent for wine,[17] and that the tales of cinnamon being collected from the nests of cinnamon birds was a traders' fiction made up to charge more. However, the story remained current in Byzantium as late as 1310.[18] - According to Pliny the Elder, a Roman pound (327 grams [11.5 oz]) of cassia, cinnamon (serichatum), cost up to 1,500 denarii, the wage of fifty months' labour.[19] Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices[20] from 301 AD gives a price of 125 denarii for a pound of cassia, while an agricultural labourer earned 25 denarii per day. Cinnamon was too expensive to be commonly used on funeral pyres in Rome, but the Emperor Nero is said to have burned a year's worth of the city's supply at the funeral for his wife Poppaea Sabina in AD 65.[21] - Through the Middle Ages, the source of cinnamon remained a mystery to the Western world. From reading Latin writers who quoted Herodotus, Europeans had learned that cinnamon came up the Red Sea to the trading ports of Egypt, but where it came from was less than clear. When the Sieur de Joinville accompanied his king, Louis IX of France to Egypt on the Seventh Crusade in 1248, he reported—and believed—what he had been told: that cinnamon was fished up in nets at the source of the Nile out at the edge of the world (i.e., Ethiopia). Marco Polo avoided precision on the topic.[22] - The first mention that the spice grew in Sri Lanka was in Zakariya al-Qazwini's Athar al-bilad wa-akhbar al-'ibad (""Monument of Places and History of God's Bondsmen"") about 1270.[23] This was followed shortly thereafter by John of Montecorvino in a letter of about 1292.[24] - Indonesian rafts transported cinnamon directly from the Moluccas to East Africa (see also Rhapta), where local traders then carried it north to Alexandria in Egypt.[25][26][27] Venetian traders from Italy held a monopoly on the spice trade in Europe, distributing cinnamon from Alexandria. The disruption of this trade by the rise of other Mediterranean powers, such as the Mamluk sultans and the Ottoman Empire, was one of many factors that led Europeans to search more widely for other routes to Asia.[28] - During the 1500s, Ferdinand Magellan was searching for spices on behalf of Spain; in the Philippines, he found Cinnamomum mindanaense, which was closely related to C. zeylanicum, the cinnamon found in Sri Lanka. This cinnamon eventually competed with Sri Lankan cinnamon, which was controlled by the Portuguese.[29] - In 1638, Dutch traders established a trading post in Sri Lanka, took control of the manufactories by 1640, and expelled the remaining Portuguese by 1658. ""The shores of the island are full of it,"" a Dutch captain reported, ""and it is the best in all the Orient. When one is downwind of the island, one can still smell cinnamon eight leagues out to sea.""[30] The Dutch East India Company continued to overhaul the methods of harvesting in the wild and eventually began to cultivate its own trees. - In 1767, Lord Brown of the British East India Company established Anjarakkandy Cinnamon Estate near Anjarakkandy in the Kannur district of Kerala, India. It later became Asia's largest cinnamon estate. The British took control of Ceylon from the Dutch in 1796. - Cinnamon is an evergreen tree characterized by oval-shaped leaves, thick bark and a berry fruit. When harvesting the spice, the bark and leaves are the primary parts of the plant used.[14] However, in Japan, the more pungent roots are harvested in order to produce nikki (ニッキ) which is a product distinct from cinammon (シナモン shinamon). Cinnamon is cultivated by growing the tree for two years, then coppicing it, i.e., cutting the stems at ground level. The following year, about a dozen new shoots form from the roots, replacing those that were cut. A number of pests such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Diplodia species and Phytophthora cinnamomi (stripe canker) can affect the growing plants.[31] - The stems must be processed immediately after harvesting while the inner bark is still wet. The cut stems are processed by scraping off the outer bark, then beating the branch evenly with a hammer to loosen the inner bark, which is then pried off in long rolls. Only 0.5 mm (0.02 in) of the inner bark is used;[32][a] the outer, woody portion is discarded, leaving metre-long cinnamon strips that curl into rolls (""quills"") on drying. The processed bark dries completely in four to six hours, provided it is in a well-ventilated and relatively warm environment. Once dry, the bark is cut into 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) lengths for sale. - A less than ideal drying environment encourages the proliferation of pests in the bark, which may then require treatment by fumigation with sulphur dioxide. In 2011, the European Union approved the use of sulphur dioxide at a concentration of up to 150 mg/kg (0.0024 oz/lb) for the treatment of C. verum bark harvested in Sri Lanka.[33] - A number of species are often sold as cinnamon:[34] - Cassia induces a strong, spicy flavour and is often used in baking, especially associated with cinnamon rolls, as it handles baking conditions well. Among cassia, Chinese cinnamon is generally medium to light reddish-brown in colour, hard and woody in texture, and thicker (2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) thick), as all of the layers of bark are used. Ceylon cinnamon, using only the thin inner bark, has a lighter brown colour and a finer, less dense, and more crumbly texture. It is subtle and more aromatic in flavour than cassia and it loses much of its flavour during cooking. - The barks of the species are easily distinguished when whole, both in macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Ceylon cinnamon sticks (quills) have many thin layers and can easily be made into powder using a coffee or spice grinder, whereas cassia sticks are much harder. Indonesian cinnamon is often sold in neat quills made up of one thick layer, capable of damaging a spice or coffee grinder. Saigon cinnamon (C. loureiroi) and Chinese cinnamon (C. cassia) are always sold as broken pieces of thick bark, as the bark is not supple enough to be rolled into quills. - The powdered bark is harder to distinguish, but if it is treated with tincture of iodine (a test for starch), little effect is visible with pure Ceylon cinnamon; however, when Chinese cinnamon is present, a deep-blue tint is produced.[10][35][36] - The Sri Lankan grading system divides the cinnamon quills into four groups: - These groups are further divided into specific grades. For example, Mexican is divided into M00000 special, M000000 and M0000, depending on quill diameter and number of quills per kilogram. Any pieces of bark less than 106 mm (4.2 in) long are categorized as quillings. Featherings are the inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots. Chips are trimmings of quills, outer and inner bark that cannot be separated, or the bark of small twigs.[citation needed] - In 2021, four countries accounted for 98% of the world's cinnamon production, a total of 226,753 tonnes: China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka.[4] - True cinnamon from C. verum bark can be mixed with cassia (C. cassia) as counterfeit and falsely marketed as authentic cinnamon. In one analysis, authentic Ceylon cinnamon bark contained 12-143 mg/kg of coumarin – a phenolic typically low in content in true cinnamon – but market samples contained coumarin with levels as high as 3462 mg/kg, indicating probable contamination with cassia in the counterfeit cinnamon.[37] ConsumerLab.com found the same problem in a 2020 analysis; ""a supplement that contained the highest amount of coumarin was labeled as Ceylon cinnamon"".[38] - Cinnamon bark is used as a spice. It is principally employed in cookery as a condiment and flavouring material. It is used in the preparation of chocolate, especially in Mexico. Cinnamon is often used in savoury dishes of chicken and lamb. In the United States and Europe, cinnamon and sugar are often used to flavour cereals, bread-based dishes such as toast, and fruits, especially apples; a cinnamon and sugar mixture (cinnamon sugar) is sold separately for such purposes. It is also used in Portuguese and Turkish cuisine for both sweet and savoury dishes. Cinnamon can also be used in pickling, and in Christmas drinks such as eggnog. Cinnamon powder has long been an important spice in enhancing the flavour of Persian cuisine, used in a variety of thick soups, drinks and sweets.[39] - Ground cinnamon is 11% water, 81% carbohydrates (including 53% dietary fiber), 4% protein and 1% fat. - Ceylon cinnamon may be crushed into small pieces by hand while Indonesian cinnamon requires a powerful blender. - The flavour of cinnamon is due to the aromatic essential oils that makes up 0.5 to 1% of its composition. - Cinnamon bark can be macerated, then extracted in 80% ethanol, to a tincture.[41] - Cinnamon essential oil can be prepared by roughly pounding the bark, macerating it in sea water, and then quickly distilling the whole. It is of a golden-yellow colour, with the characteristic odour of cinnamon and a very hot aromatic taste. - Cinnamon oil nanoemulsion can be made with Polysorbate 80, cinnamon essential oil, and water, by ultrasonic emulsification.[42][43] - Cinnamon oil macroemulsion can be made with a dispersing emulsifying homogenizer.[43][44] - The pungent taste and scent come from cinnamaldehyde, about 90% of the essential oil from cinnamon bark.[45] Cinnamaldehyde decomposes, in high humidity and high temperatures, to styrene,[46] and, by reaction with oxygen as it ages, it darkens in colour and forms resinous compounds.[10][47] - Cinnamon constituents include some 80 aromatic compounds,[48] including eugenol, found in the oil from leaves or bark of cinnamon trees.[49] - Cinnamon is used as a flavoring in cinnamon liqueur,[50] such as cinnamon-flavored whiskey in the United States, and rakomelo, a cinnamon brandy in Greece. - Cinnamon has a long history of use in traditional medicine as a digestive aid. However, contemporary studies are unable to find evidence of any significant medicinal or therapeutic effect.[51] - Reviews of clinical trials reported lowering of fasting plasma glucose and inconsistent effects on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c, an indicator of chronically elevated plasma glucose).[52][53][54][55][56] Four of the reviews reported a decrease in fasting plasma glucose,[52][53][54][56] only two reported lower HbA1c,[52][54] and one reported no change to either measure.[55] The Cochrane review noted that trial durations were limited to 4 to 16 weeks, and that no trials reported on changes to quality of life, morbidity or mortality rate. The Cochrane authors' conclusion was: ""There is insufficient evidence to support the use of cinnamon for type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.""[55] Citing the Cochrane review, the U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health stated: ""Studies done in people don't support using cinnamon for any health condition.""[51] However, the results of the studies are difficult to interpret because it is often unclear what type of cinnamon and what part of the plant were used.[57] - A meta-analysis of cinnamon supplementation trials with lipid measurements reported lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, but no significant changes in LDL-cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol.[58] Another reported no change to body weight or insulin resistance.[56] - A systematic review of adverse events as a result of cinnamon use reported gastrointestinal disorders and allergic reactions as the most frequently reported side effects.[59] - In 2008, the European Food Safety Authority considered the toxicity of coumarin, a component of cinnamon, and confirmed a maximum recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.1 mg of coumarin per kg of body weight. Coumarin is known to cause liver and kidney damage in high concentrations and metabolic effect in humans with CYP2A6 polymorphism.[60][61] Based on this assessment, the European Union set a guideline for maximum coumarin content in foodstuffs of 50 mg per kg of dough in seasonal foods, and 15 mg per kg in everyday baked foods.[62] The maximum recommended TDI of 0.1 mg of coumarin per kg of body weight equates to 5 mg of coumarin (or 5.6 g C. verum with 0.9 mg coumarin per gram) for a body weight of 50 kg. C as shown in the table below: - Due to the variable amount of coumarin in C. cassia, usually well over 1.0 mg of coumarin per g of cinnamon and sometimes up to 12 times that, C. cassia has a low safe-intake-level upper limit to adhere to the above TDI.[63] In contrast, C. verum has only trace amounts of coumarin.[64] - Cinnamon-flavoured tea - Cinnamon toast can be made with cinnamon baked in, or just sprinkled on top. - Ferrara Pan Red Hots, a cinnamon-based candy -",2023-08-26 18:50:20 -Super Mario 3D All-Stars - Wikipedia," - Super Mario 3D All-Stars[a] is a 2020 compilation of platform games for the Nintendo Switch. It commemorates the 35th anniversary of Nintendo's Super Mario franchise, with high-definition ports of Super Mario 64 (1996), Super Mario Sunshine (2002), and Super Mario Galaxy (2007). - The compilation was released on September 18, 2020 and was available for purchase until March 31, 2021, when cartridge production and sales were discontinued and the game was delisted from the Nintendo eShop. It received positive reviews for its games, technical improvements, and controls, but it was criticized for its presentation, lack of additional content, time-limited release, and the absence of Super Mario Galaxy 2 (2010) from the collection. As of March 2021, Super Mario 3D All-Stars had sold more than 9 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best selling video games of 2020. - Super Mario 3D All-Stars compiles high-definition ports of the first three 3D platform games in the Super Mario series: Super Mario 64 (1996), Super Mario Sunshine (2002), and Super Mario Galaxy (2007).[3] The version of Super Mario 64 is the Shindō version released only in Japan in July 1997, which added bug fixes and gameplay alterations.[4] Rumble support was also based from this version as well. - The games in the collection utilize emulation.[4] They support Joy-Con controls with rumble function, and are displayed at higher resolutions, such as Sunshine running in a 16:9 aspect ratio.[5] Both Sunshine and Galaxy are displayed in 1080p in TV Mode and 720p in Handheld Mode, while 64 is displayed in 720p in both modes in a 4:3 aspect ratio.[6] A patch released in November 2020 added camera options for all three games and control options for F.L.U.D.D. in Sunshine.[7][8] - Sunshine did not initially natively support the GameCube controller on the Nintendo Switch. When originally released on the GameCube, Sunshine used the GameCube controller's analog triggers (which Switch controllers do not have) to regulate F.L.U.D.D.'s water pressure.[9] For the collection, F.L.U.D.D. is controlled with the right bumper for precision aiming while standing still, while using the right trigger ""is akin to pulling the GameCube's analog trigger to about the three-quarters mark"".[3] GameCube controller support for Sunshine was added in November 2020.[8] A further patch released in November 2021 enabled Super Mario 64 to be played with the Nintendo 64 wireless controller available to Nintendo Switch Online subscribers.[10] - Galaxy features optional Joy-Con controls that imitate the motion-controlled setup of the Wii Remote and Nunchuk,[11] with Mario's spin ability remapped to the Y button.[12] In handheld mode, players can use the touchscreen in lieu of the pointer.[13] To play Galaxy's cooperative gameplay mode in handheld mode, a secondary Joy-Con is needed.[14] - The compilation also features a music player mode, which compiles the entire original soundtracks of all three games—a total of 175 tracks.[4] The music can be played when the screen is turned off.[11][15] - Super Mario 3D All-Stars was developed and published by Nintendo to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the original Super Mario Bros. (1985).[16] According to Eurogamer, Nintendo referred to the compilation as Super Mario All-Stars 2 internally.[17] Nintendo's goal was to retain the included games' ""original design and spirit"" with updates to the resolutions and controls. According to Kenta Motokura, the project's producer, the developers interviewed the games' original staff to learn of each's importance.[16] The Super Mario Sunshine port in the collection uses GameCube emulation technology developed by Nintendo European Research & Development (NERD), who further collaborated with the 3D All-Stars development team on several new features for the game and upgraded its full motion videos to HD using their own deep learning engine. NERD also assisted with the Super Mario Galaxy port by providing graphics and audio emulation technologies.[18] - The collection was first reported by Video Games Chronicle in March 2020,[19] and corroborated by other outlets.[20][21][22] According to these reports, Nintendo planned to announce it during a Mario-themed presentation at E3 2020, but this was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[20][19][23] After its reveal during Nintendo Direct presentation on September 3, Nintendo released the collection on September 18, 2020. It was available to purchase for a limited time, both physically and digitally until March 31, 2021.[24] Doug Bowser, the president of Nintendo of America, said that the game's limited availability was due to it being part of the celebration of the 35th anniversary, an approach the company does not plan on using widely for other releases.[25] - According to the review aggregating website Metacritic, Super Mario 3D All-Stars received ""generally favorable reviews"".[26] Critics generally agreed that the games themselves remained enjoyable, but were divided over the presentation, which received criticism for its simplistic nature and lack of additional features, its limited time release, and the absence of Super Mario Galaxy 2 (2010).[34][28][41] - Ian Walker from Kotaku said the port of 64 ""hasn't introduced any obviously unfortunate consequences"" and even fixed some ""occasional performance dips"" from the original, and that the controls for the game worked well on the Switch. For Sunshine, he felt the adjusted controls would affect anyone playing who had muscle memory from the original and that the visuals stuttered somewhat late in the game. For Galaxy, Walker was thankful that some of the motion-based controls were remapped to controller buttons but added some of the areas that still required the motion controls were still problematic as they were on the Wii.[3] - IGN's Zachary Ryan was ""a little bit disappointed in the lack of effort Nintendo has put into"" the collection, when compared to the ""major overhauls"" done for the games in Super Mario All-Stars, and noted the use of emulation to present the three games helped explain ""a lot about the lack of upgrades"" in each. For 64, Ryan felt the upscaling made the game look the nicest it ever had, and called the controls ""still super tight"" and ""right at home on a Pro Controller or Joy-Con"", despite the x-axis camera controls being inverted (a later patch would make this optional). He did wish Nintendo had added ""some quality-of-life upgrades"", feeling players experiencing the game for the first time ""might find it somewhat inaccessible"". For Sunshine, Ryan said that it was still a fantastic looking game and commended the controls still remaining fluid, though Ryan experienced some slowdown in certain moments. Finally, Ryan felt upscaling Galaxy made it ""a fully realized version"" of the game and praised the updated control options, adding the handheld mode configuration, while ""not the most ideal way to play"", still worked.[4] - By September 7, pre-orders for Super Mario 3D All-Stars had made it the second-best-selling game of 2020 on Amazon in the United States, behind Animal Crossing: New Horizons.[42][43] Scalpers resold pre-orders on websites such as eBay, going as high as US$265.[44][45] Base.com, an online retailer in the United Kingdom, was forced to cancel all of their customers' pre-orders because their allocation of physical games was not enough to fulfil pre-orders. They added that Nintendo and their UK distributors were ""unable to give... any reassurance"" that more copies would be made available to them through the on-sale period.[46] - In its first week of release, Super Mario 3D All-Stars was the best-selling game in the UK, and was the third-largest game launch of 2020 and the fifth-fastest selling Switch game in the country.[47] In Japan, the game sold over 210,000 physical copies within the first three days of its release.[48] In the United States, Super Mario 3D All-Stars was the second-best selling game of September behind Marvel's Avengers, and had become the tenth-best-selling game of 2020.[49][50] The collection was also the best-selling game in September for Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.[51] As of March 2021, Super Mario 3D All-Stars has sold over 9.01 million units worldwide.[52] In March 2021, ahead of its delisting, the game's physical sales in the United Kingdom spiked around 267%.[53]Up until December 31, 2021 it's shipment increased to 9.07 million copies.[54] -",2023-08-26 18:50:24 -"Willbriggie, New South Wales - Wikipedia"," - Willbriggie is a community in the central part of the Riverina nearby to the city of Griffith. It is situated by road, about 16 kilometres north from Darlington Point and 17 kilometres south from Hanwood. At the 2021 census, Willbriggie had a population of 127.[1] - Darlington Point Railway Station Post Office opened on 16 November 1881, was renamed Darlington Railway Station office in 1882, Willbriggie in 1909 and closed in 1975.[2] - - This Riverina geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:50:28 -Charles Archambeau - Wikipedia,"Charles B. Archambeau is an American geophysicist. - He graduated from California Institute of Technology with a PhD in 1964.[1] -He taught at University of Colorado,[2] and California Institute of Technology.[3] - In 1997, he studied the geophysics of Yucca Mountain, with John Davies, commissioned by the state of Nevada.[citation needed] -He is President of Technology Research Associates corporation.[4] In 2010, he signed a letter in favor of the Integral Fast Reactor.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:50:32 -Zdzisław Raczyński - Wikipedia,"Zdzisław Aleksander Raczyński (born October 18, 1959 in Werpol)[1] is a Polish diplomat, journalist and novelist, currently serving as and officer in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). - He was raised in Siemiatycze.[1] He was educated at University of Warsaw, under the Faculty of Political Science, and graduated in Arab studies at Moscow State Institute of International Relations. From 1990 to 1996 he was the Polish Press Agency foreign correspondent in Moscow. From 1997 to 2000 he was an advisor to the head of the National Security Bureau. - He joined the MFA in May 2001, where he was the director of Eastern Policy Department, then the deputy director of the Europe Department.[2] From 2004 to 2007 he was the Polish ambassador to Tunisia,[3] and from 2010 to 2014 the ambassador to Armenia.[4] From October 2016 and 2021 he was also the leader of the Solidarity Polish trade union unit at the MFA.[5] - As a journalist and novelist, Raczynski published several articles on Russia policy issues and the Arab world. In 2018, he published the novel Harib, about the Libyan Revolution (ISBN 978-83-283-3995-8). His 2021 novel Poppy Seeds on the Eyelids (ISBN 978-83-956355-4-0) is about the Holocaust of a Jewish community in a small town in eastern Poland. -",2023-08-26 18:50:36 -"Mekoryuk, Alaska - Wikipedia"," - Mekoryuk (Nunivak Cup'ig: Mikuryarmiut; Central Yup'ik: Mikuryar) is a city located on Nunivak Island in the Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 191, down from 210 in 2000. - Nunivak Island has been inhabited for 2,000 years by the Nuniwarmiut, or Nunivak Cup'ig people. - The community's first contact with Europeans was in 1821 when explorers from the Russian-American Company arrived on their island. These Russians recorded 400 people living in 16 villages on the Nunivak Island. - While conducting the 1880 United States Census, Ivan Petrof recorded 702 Yup'ik in 9 villages, including 117 people at ""Koot"", near the site of present-day Mekoryuk. An epidemic in 1900 left only four surviving families in the village. - In the 1930s, the Evangelical Covenant Church was built at Mekoryuk, followed by a school in 1939. People moved to the village from other areas of the island to be near the school. Reindeer herding was introduced in 1920 by an Eskimo-Russian trader. The operation was purchased by the United States government in the 1940s and a slaughterhouse was built in 1945. The reindeer were crossed with caribou from Denali Park. The resulting animals were larger and less tame than other reindeer. 34 musk ox from Greenland were transferred to the Nunivak Island in 1934 in an effort to save the species from extinction. Today, the musk-ox herd numbers around 500, and calves from this herd have been relocated and introduced to other areas of Alaska. - In the mid-20th century, Mekoryuk became the only permanent population center on the island. Until the 1940s, the traditional lifestyle and traditional ceremonies and religious beliefs were practiced. - The 1950s and 1960s brought considerable change. Mekoryuk Airport was built in 1957. When the Territorial Guard was formed, men were sent to Fort Richardson near Anchorage for training. During this time, many families moved to Bethel during the winter to be near the high school, returning in the spring for fishing and sea mammal hunting. A high school was constructed in Mekoryuk in 1978. - Mekoryuk is located at the mouth of Shoal Bay on the north shore of Nunivak Island in the Bering Sea. The island lies 48 km (30 mi) west of the Alaska coast. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.4 square miles (19 km2), of which, 7.4 square miles (19 km2) of it is land and 0.14% is water. - Mekoryuk has a tundra climate (Köppen: ET), that borders on a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc). - Mekoryuk first appeared on the 1950 U.S. Census as ""Mekoryok."" It appeared as the current spelling in 1960. It was formally incorporated in 1969. - As of the census[6][failed verification] of 2000, there were 210 people, 73 households, and 48 families residing in the city. The population density was 28.5 inhabitants per square mile (11.0/km2). There were 96 housing units at an average density of 13.0 per square mile (5.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 3.33% White, 90.48% Native American, and 6.19% from two or more races. 0.48% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. - There were 73 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.77. - In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 32.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 136.7 males. - The median income for a household in the city was $30,833, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $25,417 versus $11,667 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,958. About 13.7% of families and 21.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 15.8% of those 65 or over. - Lower Kuskokwim School District operates the Nuniwarmiut School, K-12. In 1984 the building was constructed.[7] - Sale, importation and possession of alcohol are banned in the village.[8] -  WikiMiniAtlas60°23′21″N 166°12′25″W / 60.389278°N 166.207082°W / 60.389278; -166.207082 -",2023-08-26 18:50:40 -Rudilnitsy - Wikipedia,"Rudilnitsy (Russian: Рудильницы) is a rural locality (a village) in Gorod Vyazniki, Vyaznikovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 51 as of 2010.[2] - Rudilnitsy is located on the Klyazma River, 16 km east of Vyazniki (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bragino is the nearest rural locality.[3] - This Vyaznikovsky District location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:50:45 -Hollidaysburg Area High School - Wikipedia,"Hollidaysburg Area Senior High School is the midsized, suburban public high school for the Hollidaysburg Area School District. The Senior High School is located at 1510 North Montgomery Street in Hollidaysburg, Blair County. The high school serves the populations living in Hollidaysburg, Duncansville, Newry, and a small portion of Altoona (Eldorado). - According to the National Center for Education Statistics, this high school reported an enrollment of eight hundred and forty pupils in grades ten through twelve during the 2018-2019 academic year.[1] - The original Senior High was located on the second floor of a business building at 308 Allegheny Street before eventually moving to 1000 Hewitt Street, where the current junior high is today. Prior to 1956, elementary schools in the district included seventh and eighth grades. Overcrowding in Frankstown and Duncansville led to a joint decision by the school board and the department of Public Instruction to approve an addition to the senior high, which became the new junior high school. The junior and senior high schools co-existed and brought relief to the elementary schools when the seventh and eighth grade classes were transferred; however, the increasing student population did not halt. As a result, a new Senior High was approved during the 1960s. - The existing junior-senior high building was then converted to a junior high school, which remains today. The present-day senior high includes tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades and is located on North Montgomery St. while the Junior High still exists at its prior location. - The senior high school launched a renovation project with construction starting in January 2009. The renovations include a new gymnasium and more classrooms. The school will also have a new geo-thermal heating system along with the traditional gas system. - Building Features -The inside of the school contains a gymnasium, swimming pool, planetarium, and auditorium. Outside the school are a baseball field, baseball practice facility, cross country course, and soccer field. The school also has a band practice field and an amphitheater. - The district offers an extensive variety of clubs, activities and many sports. - Hollidaysburg Area Senior High School offers a variety of clubs and organizations to its students. The clubs include Marching Band, TigerPaws (Dance team) Fantazia(Choir), Concert Choir, Orchestra, Concert Band, Jazz Band, Symphonic Wind Ensemble (SWE), Experimental Jazz (E-Jazz), Chimrock (School Yearbook), FBLA (Future Business Leaders of America), Foreign Language Clubs (French, German, Italian), Tiger Times (Newspaper), Tiger TV, HARP (Hollidaysburg Area Repertory Players, the school's drama club), Key Club, Mock Trial, Peer Mediation, Recycling Club, TAAD (Tigers Against Alcohol and other Drugs), Scholastic Scrimmage Team, Student Council, Prom Committee, and DDR Club. - The District funds: - - The School also recognizes a club hockey team, which competes in the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Hockey League (PIHL). The team currently supports a varsity team, JV Team and freshman (junior high) team, as well as several elementary teams. The football and soccer teams (select games only) play their games at Tiger Stadium, which is located between the junior and senior high schools, while the hockey team plays at Galactic Ice in Altoona. - The program currently competes in class AAAAA of the PIAA and is independent. The first season was in 1920 and the team had a 4–2 record under George Carl. The program today has five hundred and eighty wins. The team has won ten District Championships: five under head coach Harold Price (1985, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1995), three under current head coach John Barton (1999, 2006, 2008) and three under head coach Homer Delattre (2017, 2018). - Construction began in the spring of 2004 on a new artificial turf to replace the existing grass field. The new field provided the opportunity for other sports and events to use the facility as well. Two renovated concession stands and an information kiosk were also completed. Tiger Stadium is being updated by the restore the roar project. This project includes new turf, fixed lighting, new fencing, and the addition of field houses for home and away teams. - Record since 1998 - The men's basketball team competes in Class AAAA while women's basketball competes in Class AAA in the PIAA. Both also right now have no conference, but continue to play perennial rivals Altoona and State College. Brad Lear coaches the men while Deanna Jubeck coaches the women. - The men's and women's soccer team rank AAA, the highest ranking for soccer. Both teams compete in District 6, which the women won in 2005 and 2007. The 2005 men's team beat #3 ranked State College 1-0 to win the District 6 Championship. The 2005 women's team also set a district six record, becoming the first team from the district to make it to the State semi-finals. The men are coached by Greg Shale while Dave Soellner finished 2008 as his first for the Lady Tigers. - Schmitt, Tom (2008-06-23). ""Soelner takes over Lady Tigers"". Altoona Mirror. - ""Hollidaysburg Golden Tiger High School"". Retrieved 2008-03-02. - ""Hollidaysburg Area School District"". Retrieved 2008-03-02. - Oakes, Kimberly. ""SchoolMatters"". Retrieved 2008-02-19. - ""Renovation"" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-02-19. -  WikiMiniAtlas40°26′30″N 78°23′59″W / 40.4418°N 78.3996°W / 40.4418; -78.3996 -",2023-08-26 18:50:49 -Harstad (town) - Wikipedia,"Harstad (Northern Sami: Hárstták) is a town in Harstad Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The town is also the administrative centre of the municipality of Harstad. The 11.15-square-kilometre (2,760-acre) town has a population (2017) of 20,953 which gives the town a population density of 1,879 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,870/sq mi).[1] It is the second-largest town in the former Troms county, after the city of Tromsø, and it is the largest town in Central Hålogaland.[3] - The town is located on the northeastern part of the large island of Hinnøya, along the Vågsfjorden. The town is made up of several areas including Gangsås, Grønnebakkan, Kanebogen, Medkila, Sama, Seljestad, and Stangnes. There are two churches of the Church of Norway in the town: Harstad Church and Kanebogen Church. The historic Trondenes Church lies just north of the town. - On 1 January 1904, the village of Harstad was granted town privileges as a ladested. On the same date, the new town was separated from the municipality of Trondenes to become a municipality of its own. Initially, the town of Harstad had 1,246 residents. The town of Harstad existed as its own municipality between 1 January 1904 until 31 December 1963. - During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the town of Harstad (population: 3,808) was merged with Trondenes municipality (population: 6,567) to the north and Sandtorg municipality (population: 7,512) to the south, forming a new, much larger Harstad Municipality.[4] - Panorama from westerly hill - View point - Winter view - Northern part of town - Town centre - Harstad in winter - View from Gangsåstoppen - Nocturnal view - Harstad Church -",2023-08-26 18:50:54 -Cragston Dependencies - Wikipedia,"Cragston Dependencies is a group of historic buildings located at Highlands in Orange County, New York. They were built about 1860 as part of the Cragston estate of J. P. Morgan (1837–1913). They consist of a house, barn, well, carriage house, and stable in the Carpenter Gothic style.[2] - It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[1] - - This article about a historic property or district in Orange County, New York, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:50:57 -River Erne - Wikipedia," - The River Erne (/ɛərn/ AIRN, Irish: Abhainn na hÉirne or An Éirne) in the northwest of the island of Ireland, is the second-longest river in Ulster, flowing through Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, and forming part of their border. - The Erne rises on the east shoulder of Slieve Glah mountain [1] three miles south of Cavan in County Cavan, Republic of Ireland, and flows 80 miles (129 km)[2] through Lough Gowna, Lough Oughter and Upper and Lower Lough Erne, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, to the sea at Ballyshannon, County Donegal back in the Republic.[3] The river is 120 kilometres long and is used for fly fishing for trout and salmon, with a number of fisheries along both the river itself and its tributaries. The town of Enniskillen is mostly situated on an island in the river, between Upper and Lower Lough Erne. It is linked to the River Shannon by the Shannon–Erne Waterway. - The total catchment area of the River Erne is 4,372 km2.[4] -The long-term average rate of the River Erne is 101.7 cubic metres per second (m3/s)[4] - The river takes its name from a mythical princess named Éirne. - Live aboard pleasure cruisers are available in several locations along the Erne waterway, including Belturbet, Knockniny, Carrybridge, Bellanaleck, Enniskillen, and Killadeas.[citation needed] In addition to the use of the Erne for live aboard boating holidays, sections of the river are used for water skiing, bank fishing, trolling, jet skiing and scuba diving.[citation needed] Boaters are cautioned, by the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, that Upper Lough Erne is a maze of small islands needing careful navigation, and waves on Lower Lough Erne can reach ""open-sea dimensions"".[5] - The Erne waterway is home to ancient ruins, both Christian and Pagan, with ruins found in several locations, including: Crom Estate, on the North bank of the Upper Erne channel, Gad Island, near Crom Estate, Devenish Island, Inismacsaint Island, Davy’s Island, White Island, and Boa Island. Many of these locations can only be reached by boat. - Devenish Island has a historical display centre adjacent to its ruins. Visitors sometimes use rental boats and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland Activity Map of Lough Erne (ISBN 978-1-905306-26-8) to locate these ancient sites.[citation needed] - The song Buachaill Ón Éirne is an Irish ballad about a young boy from the Erne area. It has been recorded by such groups as Clannad and The Corrs.[citation needed] - The Erne is also mentioned in a traditional song, An Mhaighdeán Mhara, which has been recorded by Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh of Altan, Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill, and Moya Brennan.[citation needed] - A number of places were once accessible by train along the River Erne, with the once extensive Great Northern Railway and the Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway both serving the area. -",2023-08-26 18:51:01 -"Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency - Wikipedia","The Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (鉄道建設・運輸施設整備支援機構, Tetsudō Kensetsu Un'yu Shisetsu Seibi Shien Kikō), or JRTT, is an Independent Administrative Institution (独立行政法人, Dokuritsu gyōsei hōjin) created by an Act of the National Diet, effective October 1, 2003. JRTT was founded by integrating the Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation (JRCC) and the Corporation for Advanced Transport and Technology (CATT). - As its name implies, JRTT is involved in construction and technical support for railway and other transportation projects throughout Japan. JRTT has undertaken numerous railway construction projects during its existence, including: - JRTT is currently working on construction of the Hokuriku Shinkansen and Hokkaido Shinkansen high-speed rail projects, as well as the Eastern Kanagawa Rail Link project. - In addition to its railway construction projects, JRTT has also sponsored maritime research, including the latest ship used as the JR Miyajima Ferry. - JRTT also performs administrative functions related to the liquidation of the Japanese National Railways, such as management of JNR employee pensions. - JRTT is currently the parent entity of the following JR Group companies: - In 2011, the National Diet passed legislation requiring JRTT to use its retained earnings from other businesses for the purpose of Shinkansen construction and capital expenditures at its subsidiary railway companies. - JRTT was also a shareholder of the West Japan Railway Company, the Central Japan Railway Company and the Kyushu Railway Company before offering those shares to the public. (The East Japan Railway Company was privatized shortly before JRTT was founded.) - - This article about a Japanese railway corporation or company-related topic is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:51:05 -Within the Law (play) - Wikipedia," - Within the Law is a play written by Bayard Veiller. It is the story of Mary Turner, a sales clerk who is wrongly accused of stealing and sent to prison. Upon her release, Turner sets up a gang that engages in shady activities that are just ""within the law"". After the police try to entrap her, she is mistakenly accused again, this time for murder, but she is vindicated when the real killer confesses. - Veiller used his experience as a crime reporter to develop the play, but he was initially unable to find a producer for it. He finally settled on selling the rights to the play, along with two others he had written, for a fixed fee. After an unsuccessful run in Chicago, it became a huge hit on Broadway in 1912–1913, running for 541 performances. It was subsequently performed by multiple road companies and adapted as a movie five times. Although it was one of the biggest hits of its era, Veiller got relatively little income from it due to his decision to sell it for a lump sum. - In the first act, department store owner Edward Gilder learns that one of his former sales clerks, Mary Turner, has been convicted for stealing and given a three-year prison sentence. Gilder is pleased because he had asked the judge to make her an ""example"" to other employees. Turner asks to speak with Gilder before she goes to prison. While Gilder waits for her arrival, his store detective detains another woman, a customer, for stealing. This woman is the wife of a prominent banker, so rather than have her arrested, Gilder apologizes to her and lets her go. Turner arrives and tells Gilder she has been wrongly convicted. Although she says she never stole, she pleads with Gilder to increase the wages of his clerks, so no one who works there will be forced to steal. Gilder rejects her arguments, and she leaves for prison swearing revenge on him for his treatment of her. - After being released from prison, Turner sets up a gang that engages in shady activities that are just within the boundaries of the law. She also marries Gilder's son. A member of the gang attempts to rob the home of Turner's new father-in-law at the urging of a police stooge attempting to entrap the gang. When the stooge reveals the plot, the gang member kills him, leaving Turner and her new husband at the scene to be found by the police. It seems that Turner may go to prison again, but she is saved when the guilty party confesses that she had no involvement in the crimes.[1][b] - Veiller began writing the play under the title The Miracle, which he later revised to The Case of Mary Turner and finally to Within the Law. In 1911 he took it to the Selwyn brothers (Archie and Edgar Selwyn), who brokered plays, to find a producer for it. Several prominent producers considered it, including David Belasco, George M. Cohan, Charles Frohman, Sam Harris, and Henry Wilson Savage. It was repeatedly rejected. The production duo of Louis Dreyfus and Herman Fellner took an option on the play, but they ran into financial difficulties and the option lapsed.[2][3][4] Seeing few prospects for his work, Veiller offered to sell the rights to Within the Law and two other plays to the Selwyns for a flat fee of $3,750 (about $80,000 in 2021 dollars).[c] They were reluctant to accept this offer, fearing that they would be seen as exploiting an author in financial difficulty, but they eventually agreed.[2] - Soon after the Selwyns purchased it, the play attracted the interest of producer William A. Brady. Brady thought the lead role would good for his wife, actress Grace George. She decided not to take the part, but Brady continued with the production anyway. Brady asked writer and theater manager George Broadhurst to make some script revisions. Brady's production opened at the Princess Theatre in Chicago on April 6, 1912.[5] After a few weeks of unsuccessful results, Brady was disillusioned with the play and offered to sell the rights back to the Selwyns. Brady closed the Chicago production on June 22, 1912. The Selwyn brothers bought it back under the auspices of one of their businesses, the American Play Company. They were joined by several partners: Lee Shubert (who already had a share of the play as Brady's partner on the Chicago production), A. H. Woods, and Crosby Gaige. They paid Brady $10,000, which was enough to cover his costs for the Chicago production, but a tiny fraction of what the play would later earn.[2][3][4][5] - Woods brought the play to his newly built Eltinge 42nd Street Theatre in New York, where it was the venue's debut production. The show opened on September 11, 1912. Holbrook Blinn directed the production and used Veiller's original script without the changes made by Broadhurst. It was the biggest hit of the 1912–1913 Broadway season. It ran for 541 performances and did not close until December 1913.[5][6] After flubbing an important line on opening night, an actress bemoaned to Veiller that she had ""ruined"" his play. Reflecting on the production's critical and financial success in his autobiography, Veiller wished that more actresses had ""ruined"" his plays in this way.[7] After the production closed at the Eltinge, multiple road companies were launched. Nine different companies toured North America, while another opened in the United Kingdom.[2] - Because he sold his rights for a fixed fee, Veiller earned no royalties. Since the Selwyns did not want to develop a reputation for taking advantage of authors, they offered him a stipend of $100 per week for the Broadway run and $50 per week for each road company.[2] Within the Law was Veiller's first hit as a playwright.[4][8] - A Broadway revival was staged in 1928, with Clifford Brook and Mabel Brownell directing. It opened at the Cosmopolitan Theatre on March 5, 1928, and closed after 16 performances.[9] - The play's protagonist and lead female role is Mary Turner, a shopgirl who becomes a criminal mastermind. Grace George initially accepted the part for the Chicago production, but changed her mind during rehearsals and decided she did not want to play the leader of a criminal gang. Emily Stevens took on the role instead.[2] - For the Broadway production, Jane Cowl was cast as Turner. Cowl specialized in portraying tearful women[10] and considered her skills well-adapted for the role.[11] Helen Ware filled in for Cowl when she took a brief vacation from the production's long run.[12] - Actor William B. Mack appeared in both the Chicago and Broadway productions, both times playing Joe Garson, the gang member responsible for the shooting. - The characters and cast from the Broadway production are given below: - The Broadway production received positive reviews. The reviewer for The New York Times called it ""an exciting entertainment of the most vivid kind"", praising the writing and the performances.[1] A review in Brooklyn Life called the story ""extremely interesting and well told"" and said there was ""not a weak spot in the cast"".[15] In Everybody's Magazine, drama critic Clayton Hamilton called it ""a genuine achievement"" that was ""tightly constructed, tersely written, and admirably acted"".[16] - Although it received positive reviews, the Chicago production was not a commercial success. - The New York Times review of the Broadway production predicted that the play was ""sure of being extremely successful"".[1] This prediction was accurate, as the show became a huge hit. The opening night had multiple curtain calls, and by the second night the theater was so packed that Veiller could not enter to watch the performance.[7] In 1914, Walter Reynolds called it ""the greatest success of any modern melodrama produced in the metropolis"",[5] and in 1915, theater journalist Rennold Wolf said it was possibly ""the most profitable play of our generation"".[3] By 1917, productions in the United States had taken in revenues of about $2.44 million ($34.3 million in 2021 dollars).[c][17] - The play was adapted as a movie five different times from 1916 to 1939. In 1916, the Australian production company J. C. Williamson Ltd became the first to adapt the play, which they had previously produced for the stage in several Australian cities.[18] The stage productions included several actors who had performed the play in the United States, such as Canadian actress Muriel Starr as Turner.[19] Starr kept role for the film, which also kept Within the Law as its title. Director Monte Luke filmed mostly on the stage of the Theatre Royal in Melbourne.[20] - The first American adaptation came the following year, also under the title Within the Law. William P. S. Earle directed the silent film for the Vitagraph Company of America. Alice Joyce played Turner. The last of the silent film adaptations, again titled Within the Law, came in 1923. Popular star Norma Talmadge produced and played Turner; Frank Lloyd directed. - In 1930, the first sound film adaptation used the title Paid. Sam Wood directed the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) production. MGM star Joan Crawford played Turner. MGM also produced the final adaptation of the play in 1939. Within the Law was restored as the title. Czech filmmaker Gustav Machatý directed, with Ruth Hussey starring as Turner. - In 1913, H.K. Fly published a novelization of the play, written by Marvin Dana.[21] - The play was adapted for television as an episode of Broadway Television Theatre that aired on June 2, 1952.[22] -",2023-08-26 18:51:09 -Moréac - Wikipedia," - Moréac (Breton: Mourieg) is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.[3] Inhabitants of Moréac are called in French Moréacois. - The Ruisseau de Kerropert forms part of the commune's eastern border, then flows into the Ével, which forms its northern border. - In 2008, there was 22,12% of the children attended the bilingual schools in primary education.[4] - - This Morbihan geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:51:13 -Bryconops alburnoides - Wikipedia," - Bryconops alburnoides is a small freshwater fish, approximately 6 inches long at its largest, that lives in the rivers of South America. It has a slender body, with a yellowish dorsal fin and yellow-tinged back scales that fade into silver on its belly. It is largely an insectivore that picks land-dwelling insects from the riverbanks, though it eats much more whenever rain washes prey into the water. - Bryconops alburnoides reaches 15 cm (5.9 inches) at a maximum in standard length (tail fin not included), with a generally elongated body.[1][2] The genus Bryconops as a whole has been described as slender-bodied and ""smelt-like"", similar to sister genus Piabucus;[3] B. alburnoides is no exception. B. alburnoides is one of the larger members of the genus by a considerable margin.[2][4] - The lateral line has 50 to 62 scales.[2] B. alburnoides has a yellowish dorsal fin, which is a feature that can be used to distinguish it from other members of the genus that look similar.[5] The upper and lower margins of the caudal fin are also tinted yellow.[4] A congener, Bryconops gracilis, has frequently been misidentified as B. alburnoides, thanks to a yellowish dorsal fin and a similar number of lateral-line scales.[6] However, B. alburnoides has three rows of premaxillary teeth, while B. gracilis only has two, making for a definitive way to tell the two apart. - Upon describing Bryconops alburnoides in 1858, Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner established Bryconops as a new genus.[7] He also described a congener, B. lucidus, but this has since been synonymized with B. alburnoides.[8][9] As a result, B. alburnoides is the type species of the genus.[10] Bryconops lucidus is the only synonym of Bryconops alburnoides.[11][12] - When originally described, the genus Bryconops was placed in the family Characidae.[7] Research from Oliveira et al. prompted Bryconops, along with sister genera Piabucus and Iguanodectes, to be moved to the family Iguanodectidae in 2011, which was revived from the work of ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann.[13][14] Therefore, B. alburnoides is a characiform fish of the family Iguanodectidae. - Bryconops has long known to be related to Brycon, Tetragonopterus, and Chalceus, which are its most closely related characiform genera.[2][7] Within the genus Bryconops, B. alburnoides is isolated from the subgenus Creatochanes and from the Bryconops caudomaculatus species complex; it is not considered a member of Creatochanes, and there are six members of the subgenus Bryconops, five of which are part of the aforementioned complex.[4] B. alburnoides is the sole remainder. - Many members of the genus Bryconops draw comparisons to other taxa, but B. alburnoides in particular bears a resemblance to members of the cyprinid genus Alburnus. This, in fact, is the origin of its specific epithet; the suffix ""–oides"" means ""with the form of"" or ""resembling"", hence alburnoides.[15] - The genus name Bryconops in itself is a reference to another taxon - Brycon is a genus of characins that also lives in South America.[16] Therefore, B. alburnoides' full scientific name means ""resembling Brycon and Alburnus"". The name Brycon originates in Greek, and comes from the word ""bryko"", which means ""to bite"" or ""to eat"".[1][17] This is in reference to the notable set of teeth that all members of the genus are equipped with. - The name alburnoides is also used for the genus Alburnoides, consisting of cyprinid fishes that inhabit Europe and Asia. Outside of similar nomenclature, Alburnoides is entirely unrelated to B. alburnoides. - Like the rest of the genus Bryconops, B. alburnoides is found solely in South American freshwater habitats.[18][19] It is local to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, as well as flood-plain lakes in the lower Orinoco region.[1][4] - Bryconops alburnoides is an insectivore, demonstrating a marked preference for terrestrial insects. Its consumption increases opportunistically with windy and rainy weather, which sweeps more prey into its aquatic habitat.[20] This is in line with other members of the genus, all of which have a diet that consists at least partially of insects. -",2023-08-26 18:51:17 -Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation - Wikipedia,"Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis,[1] formerly the Kwicksutaineuk-ah-kwa-mish First Nation is a First Nations band government based on northern Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada, in the Queen Charlotte Strait region. It is a member of the Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council, along with the ‘Namgis First Nation and the Tsawataineuk First Nation. The Kwikwasut'inuxw and Haxwa'mis are two of the many subgroups of the peoples known as Kwakwaka'wakw, which has two meanings: ""smoke of the world"" or ""beach at the north side of the river.""[2][3] - The territory of the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis spans the southern Broughton Archipelago and the Gilford Island area just north of the mouth of Knight Inlet. Their main village is Gwa’yasdams or Gwayasdums, a small community located on Gilford Island. - Over the past few years, the governance of the community has been entrusted to three officials (Chief and Council), who are democratically elected by the members of the community.[4] The Chief and Council collaborate to formulate policies and programs that advance economic and social progress, preserve cultural heritage, and protect the environment. Typically, they hold bi-weekly meetings, though they may convene more frequently to address urgent matters.[5][6] - Their laws and practices related to land management emphasize sustainability and stewardship, with a focus on maintaining the health and well-being of the land and its resources. The Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation has customary laws related to governance and decision-making that emphasize community involvement, collaboration, consensus-building, and respect for diverse perspectives.[7] - The Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation people possess a rich culture and language, which is an integral part of their identity and heritage. Their language, the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation language, is unique with its own sounds and grammar, and there are ongoing efforts to revitalize and preserve it through educational and cultural programs. The language is tonal, with words pronounced in high, middle, low, rising, or falling tones.[8] - Traditionally, fishing was a significant part of their livelihood, and they fished for salmon, herring, halibut, and other species using a variety of methods, such as nets, traps, and hook and line.[9] The fishing season started in spring with Chinook salmon and continued until the end of the chum fishing season in the fall. During winter, the people remained in their winter villages and engaged in very little food gathering.[10] - Besides that, they hunted deer, elk, and other animals in the forests and mountains of their territory. They also trapped beavers and other fur-bearing animals for their pelts, which were used in clothing and other items.[9] - The Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation people have faced a number of challenges over the years. There is no year-round road access to any of the villages of the Kwikwasut’inuxw Haxwa’mis First Nation. Access is only by boat and all consumables and household products must be shipped in.[11] Its citizens have been operating under a boil water advisory for 9 years.[12][13][needs update] - Issues such as inadequate housing, poverty, and lack of infrastructure, which are the result of systemic and historical injustices, are faced by many Indigenous communities in Canada. - Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation had previously faced a crisis related to housing and had implemented solutions. Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation had built affordable housing units using sustainable and locally-sourced materials.[14] - In 2012, the AFN has called for the phase-out of open-net fish farms and the adoption of sustainable, land-based alternatives.[15] In 2016, members of the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation, along with members of other First Nations, have occupied a fish farm operated by Marine Harvest, a Norwegian company, in their traditional territory. The occupation is part of an ongoing protest against open-net fish farms, which First Nations argue are harming wild salmon populations and polluting their traditional territories.[16] - Indian reserves under the band's administration are:[17] - Download coordinates as: -",2023-08-26 18:51:21 -Confluence Greenway - Wikipedia,"In 1997, with support from The McKnight Foundation, a group of non-profit organizations led by Trailnet formed a partnership to plan and implement the Confluence Greenway.[1] The Confluence Greenway was planned as a 200-square-mile (520 km2) system of parks, conservation and recreation areas located in the St. Louis, Missouri metropolitan area. Various parks, trails, and attractions are located along forty miles of both the Missouri and Illinois banks of the Mississippi River and Missouri River. - The greenway connects the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers to the St. Louis Riverfront.[2] - Points of interest within the Confluence Greenway are Chouteau Island, the Old Chain of Rocks Bridge, the Jones-Confluence Point State Park, the Eads Bridge, the National Great Rivers Museum  [Wikidata] at Melvin Price Locks and Dam, Lewis and Clark State Historic Site, MCT Confluence Bike Trail, the Sam Vadalabene Bike Trail, Piasa Park, Pere Marquette State Park and the Katy Trail. - In 2014 the Confluence Greenway plan became part of the Mississippi Greenway plan managed by Great Rivers Greenway.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:51:24 -Unschuldig - Wikipedia,"Unschuldig is a German television series. - - This German television programme–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:51:27 -Inotsuki Station - Wikipedia,"Inotsuki Station (いのつき駅, Inotsuki-eki) is a train station located in Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.[1][2] It is on the Nishi-Kyūshū Line[3] which has been operated by the third-sector Matsuura Railway since 1988.[4] - Trains on this branch terminate at either Imari or Saza. Travellers can transfer at Imari for local trains to Arita, or either a local or rapid train from Saza to Sasebo. It is 64.9 km from Arita.[5] - The station consists of one ground-level side platform with a bi-directional track. - This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia. -",2023-08-26 18:51:30 -Shri Mahaveer Ji temple - Wikipedia," - Shri Mahavir Ji is an important and prominent Jain pilgrimage site situated in Shri Mahaveerji town in Hindaun Block, Karauli district in Rajasthan.[1][2] Given the importance of the religious place, the Indian Railways has specifically developed a railway station under West Central Railway zone by the name of Shri Mahaveerji railway station which is 10 minutes drive from the temple and temple authorities have arranged for regular buses from the station to the temple. The temple is visited by millions of Jain and Hindu devotees every year. - There are five temples in Shri Mahavirji. Atishaya Kshetra Shri Mahavirji is considered one of the miraculous pilgrimages of Jains. This pilgrimage is situated at banks of Gambhir river in Hindaun Block of Karauli district, Rajasthan.[3][4] Built at the bank of a river, this pilgrimage is a prominent centre of devotion for Jain devotees. Chandanpur Mahavirji temple is hailed as the heart of pilgrimages. The temple is visited by millions of Jain and Hindu devotees every year.[5] - The temple trust extends various charitable and philanthropic services such as a dispensary, aushadhalaya (pharmacy), school, library, rehabilitation centre, promotion and extension of education, cultural and literary activities, scholarships, and research and study in Prakrit language.[5] The temple also has a naturopathy and yoga centre.[6] - The temple was constructed by a Jain merchant, Shri Amar Chand Bilala, in the 17th century upon the discovery of the idol of Mahavira.[7][5][8] This is a sacred place of the tradition of Jainism. Mahavirji also had a Bhattaraka seat which became defunct in 1970.[9] - The main temple contains the statue of the lord Mahavira and along with idols of other Tirthankaras.[8] The 'Mulnayak pratima' (main statue) is nearly 78 centimetres (2.56 ft) high and is carved out of sandstone. In this statue lord Mahavira is sitting in padmasana posture.[10] - The iconic idol of Lord Mahavira, the principal deity of the pilgrimage temple, was found during an excavation. It was later found to be more than 1000 years old. A Gurjar dairy farmer named Krapa Ram noticed that one of his cows was always dry of milk. When cow belonging used to pour out its milk every day upon a mound near Chandanpur village. It was surprising for the owner of that cow and the villagers. They excavated the mound and found the idol of lord Mahaveer. The villagers dedicated themselves to building a small hut over the idol where the idol was found. The place is now known as devata-ka tilla or chharan chatri. The news of the miracles idol spread and a Jain merchant, Shri Amar Chand Bilala visited the site and realised that it was a Jain idol. The King of Jaipur tried to execute the merchant but was saved by the miracles of the idol. Shri Amar Chand Bilala constructed a vast & magnificent temple here.[7] - According to legends, while trying to move the idol on a chariot to the temple constructed a few yards from the excavation site, the chariot did not move. Amar Chand Bilala prayed for the idol to move and the god replied that the chariot will move when Krapa Ram pushes the cart. At the site where the idol was excavated a small shrine chharan chatri with the representation of the footprint of the deity was constructed. The shrine is still managed by the family of Krapa Ram.[7] - The main temple of Shri Mahaverji is a vast & magnificent ornamented structure constructed using marble and red sandstone. The temple exterior plan follows Māru-Gurjara architecture.[11] The temple is built in Nagara architecture. The structure has oblong and canopied chhatris. Temple has multiple cusped arches that are supported by pillars and the spandrel is decorated with a fringe pattern.[12] The temple has three pinnacles each bearing golden kalasha.[5] This temple is surrounded by Dharmashalas.[13] The premises of Dharmashalas surrounding the temple is called Katla. In the centre of Katla, the main temple is situated.[14] The entrance gate of Katla is very attractive and magnificent. - At the main gate, there comes a rectangular ground and then there are seven gates to enter the Mahamandapa. After entering the temple we found a big shrine before us. An icon of Bhagavān Mahavira resembling the miraculous principal deity and two other icons are installed here. In Garbh Griha (Central Room of Temple), on the main shrine, the miraculous icon of Bhagavān Mahavira in Padmāsana posture, coral-coloured made of sandstone is installed with Bhagavān Pushpadanta in the right side and Bhagavān Ādinātha’s icon in the left side. The temple also enshrines ancient icons of other Tirthankaras. - The exterior & interior walls of the temple are richly decorated with carvings and golden paintings of scenes from Mahavira's and Parshvanatha's life.[10] There are exquisite carvings of 16 mythological scenes on the outer walls of the temple.[5] - In the front of the main gate of the temple stands a 52 feet high marble Manastambha (column of pride).[15] Four Tirthankara icons are installed at the top of Manstambha in all directions.[5] - In 2022, Mahamastakabhisheka (transl. Grand Consecration) was organised here after 24 years and a 24 feet (7.3 m) statue of Mahavira has been installed here.[16][17][18] - Shantinath Jinalaya (Temple) at Shantiveer Nagar was built in the twentieth century.[11] The main attraction of the temple is an imposing 32 feet high colossus statue of Shantinatha, the 16th Jain tirthankara, in kayotsarga posture.[19][20] Icons of 24 Tirthankaras and their Shasan Deotas in sub-shrines are also installed here.[21] An attractive sky-high Manastambha is also standing here. The temple features devakulika cells that follows Māru-Gurjara architecture.[11] - Bhagavān Parshvanatha Jinalaya, also called ‘Kanch Ka Mandir’ due to its mirror and glasswork, is situated in front of Sanmati Dharmashala. This temple was constructed by Late Bramhacharini Kamla Bai. The main idol of this temple is black coloured idol Bhagavān Parshvanatha. - Krishnabai chaityalaya was built in the 19th century. The temple features a double arch entrance, the first arch is foliated with a bud pattern & second is a round arch. The temple is a superstructure supported by pillars and canopied chhatri. The temple enshrines an idol of Mahavira in lotus position.[22] - The Bhavya Kamal Mandir temple was constructed in the 20th century and is located on the road connecting Shantinath Jinalya and Main Temple. The temple is dedicated to Chandraprabha. The temple features a arched gateway and canopied chhatris.[23] - An annual fair is organized in the temple premise around Mahavir Jayanti (April) which attracts Jains and people from many other communities including Meena and Gujjar and religions in a great number.[1][4] The fair is for five days (starts 2 days prior to Mahavir Jayanti and ends two days post Mahavir Jayanti) and ends with a colourful Rath Yatra pulled by Bullock cart. Many Jain sadhus or monks deliver religious discourses during this fair.[24] - Main vedi with idols of Pushpadanta, Mahavira, Rishabhanatha - 32 feet (9.8 m) statue of Shantinath at Shantinath Jinalaya - Krishnabai Chaityalaya - 'Chharan chatri' location from where the main idol was excavated - Kanch mandir - 6th-century Statue of Rishabhanatha at Jain Museum - Media related to Shri Mahaveerji temple at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 18:51:34 -Vienna Volksoper - Wikipedia," - The Vienna Volksoper (Volksoper or Vienna People's Opera) is an opera house in Vienna, Austria. It produces three hundred performances of twenty-five German language productions of opera, operetta, musicals, and ballet, during an annual season which runs from September through June. - The Volksoper was built in 1898 as the Kaiserjubiläum-Stadttheater (Kaiser's Jubilee Civic Theatre), originally producing only plays. Because of the very brief construction period (10 months) the first director Adam Müller-Gutenbrunn had to start with debts of 160,000 florins. After this inauspicious startup the Kaiserjubiläum-Stadttheater had to declare bankruptcy five years later in 1903. - On 1 September 1903, Rainer Simons took over the house and renamed it the Kaiserjubiläum-Stadttheater - Volksoper (public opera). His intention was to continue the production of plays but also establish series of opera and operetta. The first Viennese performances of Tosca and Salome were given at the Volksoper in 1907 and 1910 respectively. World-famous singers such as Maria Jeritza, Leo Slezak and Richard Tauber appeared there; the conductor Alexander Zemlinsky became the first bandmaster in 1906. - In the years up to and through the First World War the Volksoper attained a position as Vienna's second prestige opera house. In 1919, Felix Weingartner became artistic director and principal conductor. Hugo Gruder-Guntram succeeded Weingartner as artistic director. After 1929, it focused on light opera, and under Gruder-Guntram undertook a number of summer tours to Abbazia in 1935, Cairo and Alexandria in 1937 and throughout Italy in 1938, with guest appearances from Richard Tauber. After the Second World War, the Vienna Volksoper became the alternative venue to the devastated Vienna State Opera. In 1955 the Volksoper returned to its former role of presenting opera, operetta, and musicals. - In 1987, the Volksoper was shown in the James Bond movie The Living Daylights, doubling for a fictional ""Ľudové konzervatorium"" (""People's Conservatory"" - direct translation of ""Volksoper"" into Slovak) in Bratislava, as Czechoslovakia was still under Communist rule at the time; the interior was however filmed at Sofiensaal. In the movie, KGB General Koskov, who is defecting to the West, is attending a performance, and Bond and his handler Saunders cover him from an apartment across the street (in real life across Währingerstraße, the building is a confectionery store ""Zum süßen Eck"").[1][2] - From September 1991 to June 1996, the Vienna Volksoper was under a collective leadership with the Vienna State Opera. In 1999, the Volksoper became a 100% subsidiary of the Bundestheater-Holding. - Since 1 September 2007, Robert Meyer has headed the Volksoper as artistic director together with the business manager Christoph Ladstätter. Meyer is scheduled to conclude his tenure in 2022. In October 2020, the company announced the appointment of Lotte de Beer as its next artistic director, the first woman ever named to the post, effective 1 September 2022, with an initial contract of 5 years.[3] In December 2020, the company announced the appointment of Omer Meir Wellber as its next music director, effective 1 September 2022, with an initial contract of 5 years.[4] - On three different levels there are 1261 seats and 72 standing room places as well as two places for wheelchairs. - The orchestra pit is equipped with two electrically driven stage lifts, with a loading capacity of 500 kg/m2. It is adjustable in height from 0 to 2.65 meters below stage level. - The red velvet house curtain is hydraulically drawn and liftable. The gather velocity is 0.15 to 3.0 m/s, the lift velocity can be up to 2.0 m/s. - The stage is 17.2 meters wide and 19 meters deep and has a mechanic load capacity of 500 kg/m2. In the middle of the stage is a turnable and liftable circular platform, around which is a turnable ring platform with an external diameter of 15 meters. There are also 3 hand-operated person trap mechanisms. - Since 1999 the Volksoper Vienna is a 100% subsidiary of the Bundestheater Holding AG (Federal theater holding AG) along with the Vienna State Opera and the Burgtheater (en: (Imperial) Court Theatre). The Bundestheater Holding AG is owned by the Republic of Austria. -The Holding also holds 51.1% of the Theaterservice Gmbh, which offers services in design and administrational matters. The remaining 48.9% are shared equally among the three theater houses (16.3% each). -  WikiMiniAtlas48°13′29″N 16°20′59″E / 48.22472°N 16.34972°E / 48.22472; 16.34972 -",2023-08-26 18:51:39 -T.U.F.F. Puppy - Wikipedia,"T.U.F.F. Puppy is an American animated television series created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon. It premiered on October 2, 2010, on Nickelodeon along with Planet Sheen, which premiered a half hour earlier. T.U.F.F. Puppy is Hartman's third animated series for Nickelodeon, after The Fairly OddParents and Danny Phantom and also before Bunsen Is a Beast. The series was cancelled after three seasons and aired its final episode on April 4, 2015.[1] - The first two seasons consist of 26 episodes each, and the third season consists of eight episodes, for a total of 60 episodes. - The show's character is a white dog named Dudley Puppy, who works as a spy for an organization called T.U.F.F. (Turbo Undercover Fighting Force).[2] His partner is a cat named Kitty Katswell.[3] Other helpers are The Chief and Keswick. The series takes place in the fictional city of Petropolis (distinct from the Brazilian city of Petrópolis, which is named after Pedro II of Brazil), which is populated by anthropomorphic animals. As a member of T.U.F.F., Dudley helps Kitty protect Petropolis from various villains, such as Verminious Snaptrap and his crime organization D.O.O.M., The Chameleon, and Bird Brain. - The Turbo Undercover Fighting Force (T.U.F.F.) is an organization that protects Petropolis from crime. - Also in T.U.F.F. are various personnel that appear as background characters whether as agents, office workers, and/or scientists. Some of the minor members of T.U.F.F. that have been identified or mentioned include: - Butch Hartman said that he created the central character and wanted to make a crime-fighting show based on him. Because his previous animated series Danny Phantom already involved superheroes, Hartman decided that he would focus on making Dudley a secret agent. He pitched the series to Nickelodeon as ""Get Smart with a dog.""[6] - Eric Bauza, (who voices Foop in The Fairly OddParents and Leather Teddy in T.U.F.F. Puppy), was originally chosen to be the voice of Dudley Puppy, but the creators didn't feel that he was right for the character and Jerry Trainor was chosen instead.[6] - The original title of the show was Stud Puppy.[7] - Note: The episode ""A Doomed Christmas"" along with Christmas episodes of The Fairly OddParents and Fanboy & Chum Chum were supposed to be on the It's a SpongeBob Christmas! DVD, but they were dropped from the actual release.[10] However, the Target exclusive of It's A SpongeBob Christmas! included the Christmas episodes of those shows on a bonus disc. It's currently unknown if Nickelodeon will ever announce a Season 3 DVD release. - Following the show's premiere, the series received mixed reviews.[citation needed] - Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave the series 2 out of 5 stars; criticizing the “iffy messages” the show sends to kids and the frequent use of name calling, but adding, “Kitty's attractive appearance and overly emotional response to Dudley's successes are memorable.”[11] - The series premiere of T.U.F.F. Puppy drew 3.6 million viewers.[12] -",2023-08-26 18:51:42 -Denys Fisher - Wikipedia," - Denys Fisher (11 May 1918 – 17 September 2002) was an English engineer who invented the spirograph toy and created the company Denys Fisher Toys. - He left Leeds University to join the family firm, Kingfisher (Lubrication) Ltd. In 1960 he left the firm to set up his own company, Denys Fisher Engineering, in Leeds. In 1961 the company won a contract with NATO to supply springs and precision components for its 20 mm cannon. Between 1962 and 1964 he developed various drawing machines from Meccano pieces, eventually producing a prototype Spirograph. Patented in 16 countries, it went on sale in Schofields department store in Leeds in 1965. A year later, Fisher licensed Spirograph to Kenner Products in the United States. In 1967 Spirograph was chosen as the UK Toy of the Year. - Denys Fisher Toys, which also produced other toys and board games, was sold to Palitoy in 1970 and it was subsequently bought by Hasbro. Through the 1980s and 1990s Fisher continued to work with Hasbro in developing new toys and refining Spirograph. - Denys Fisher Toys produced the following toys and games: - - - -",2023-08-26 18:51:45 -Amatullah Aai - Wikipedia,"Bu saheba Amatullah Aai was a writer of comprehensive book called sahifa covering all aspect of Dawoodi Bohra sect. She was the wife of the 52nd Dai Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin and also the mother of the current Dai (53rd) Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin. She was born on : 15 Zilhajjtil-Haram 1338 H and died on 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal 1415 H in London. She was also the daughter of Abdul Husain, a descendant of the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq Abdul Qadir Najmuddin.[1][2][3][4] - Her book named as 'Amatullah Aai Saheba Sahifa' divided into 4 sections. This comprehensive sahifa covers all aspects of a mumin's life: - 1. Detailing 7 da’aim of islaam; - 2. An individuals journey from birth to grave, all rituals procedures - 3. Religious activities details during the individual Hizri months of a year. - 4. And other miscellaneous procedures of special salats like 'tasbih ul azam'.[5] - (Note:Black borders indicate 'Noted Duats' and red borders Dais.) -",2023-08-26 18:51:49 -Katherine Ross (died 1697) - Wikipedia," - Katherine Ross born Katherine Collace (1635 – 10 July 1697) was a Scottish Covenanter, memoirist and schoolmistress. - Ross was born in Edinburgh in about 1635. Her parents were Marion (born Muirhead) and Francis Collace. Her father was the minister of Gordon and he died when she was about twelve.[1] Her four sisters included Elizabeth and the writer Jean Collace.[2] When she was about fourteen she was converted by the eventual martyr Hugh Mackail who was then the minister at Trinity in Edinburgh.[1] - On 31 January 1650, she married the ""wicked"" John Ross. They had twelve children, but none of them survived. Katherine summarised her marriage as ""24 years of affliction"". By 1667 and after the assistance of Thomas Hog she was radical about her religion.[1] She had become a follower of the Covenanters who believed that they should follow the lead of the Presbyterians. - Her husband died in 1674 and she and her sister Jean moved to Fife and the village of Falkland. The two of them became schoolmistresses nominally teaching needlework to the children of the local gentry, but it is speculated that they were also providing religious guidance. She was well read and a good writer.[1] She was asked to record her life and her religious experiences.[3] - In 1679, the Battle of Bothwell Bridge took place on 22 June 1679. Government troops defeated militant Presbyterian Covenanters. Ross was one of these Covenanters but she did not support this level of militancy.[2] - Ross died in Edinburgh on 10 July 1697. In 1735 her ""Memoirs or spiritual exercises"" were arranged to be formally published by the minister James Hog,[1] although there are three manuscript copies extant which show that her writings were distributed before this.[3] -",2023-08-26 18:51:52 -List of Kim's Convenience episodes - Wikipedia," - Kim's Convenience is a Canadian television sitcom that premiered on CBC Television in October 2016. The series depicts the Korean Canadian Kim family who run a convenience store in the Moss Park neighbourhood of Toronto: parents ""Appa"" (Paul Sun-Hyung Lee) and ""Umma"" (Jean Yoon) – Korean for ""dad"" and ""mum"" – along with their daughter Janet (Andrea Bang) and estranged son Jung (Simu Liu). Additional characters include Jung's friend and co-worker Kimchee (Andrew Phung) and his manager Shannon (Nicole Power). The series is based on Ins Choi's 2011 play of the same name. - Originally set to premiere on 4 October 2016, on CBC the series premiere was delayed to 11 October 2016, with back-to-back episodes, so it would not conflict with the Toronto Blue Jays' American League Wild Card Game.[1] The first season consists of 13 half-hour episodes.[2] - CBC announced on December 20, 2016, that it had renewed Kim's Convenience for a second season of 13 episodes.[3] The second season premiered on 26 September 2017.[4] On 12 March 2018, the cast of Kim's Convenience took to Facebook and Twitter to announce that there would be a third season.[5][6] The third season began airing on 8 January 2019.[7][8] - On 24 May 2018, just two months after announcing the third season renewal of the show, CBC announced that the show had also been renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on 7 January 2020.[6][9] On 31 March 2020, it was announced that the show has been renewed for two more seasons,[10] but on 8 March 2021, it was revealed that the show would end after the fifth season, due to the departure of the show's two co-creators.[11][12][13] -",2023-08-26 18:51:55 -Fatah al-Intifada - Wikipedia,"Fatah al-Intifada (Arabic: فتح الانتفاضة Fatah Uprising) is a Palestinian militant faction founded by Col. Said al-Muragha, better known as Abu Musa. The group is often referred[by whom?] to as the Abu Musa Faction. Officially it refers to itself as the Palestinian National Liberation Movement - ""Fatah"" (""حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني - ""فتح), the identical name of the major Fatah movement. Fatah al-Intifada is not part of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). - Originally part of Fatah, Fatah al-Intifada broke away from the organization in 1983, during the PLO's participation in the Lebanese Civil War. The split was due to differences between Abu Musa and Yasser Arafat over a number of issues, including military decisions and corruption. Fatah al-Intifada was formed with Syrian support and quickly attracted a number of Palestinian guerrillas disillusioned with Arafat's role in Fatah and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). There was also a political dimension: the organization took a more leftist view than the generally apolitical Fatah, and used socialist rhetoric. Abu Musa is known to have advocated the view that the Lebanese Civil War was not a sectarian conflict, but a form of class war. Syria provided extensive backing as the Abu Musa forces attacked Arafat loyalists in Fatah, while several radical PLO organizations in the Rejectionist Front stayed on the sidelines. The fighting led to heavy losses on both sides, and helped Syria extend its influence into Palestinian-held areas of Lebanon. - In 1985-88, Fatah al-Intifada took part in the War of the camps, a Syrian attempt to root out the PLO from its refugee camp strongholds backed by the Shiite Amal militia and some Palestinian rejectionist factions. After a joint effort by the Syrian Army and a number of Palestinian and Lebanese groups controlled or supported by Damascus, including Fatah al-Intifada, the PFLP-GC, as-Sa'iqa, Amal, the Syrian PLA and parts of the PLF, the PLO was gradually expelled from Lebanon in the mid-to late 1980s. By that time Fatah al-Intifada had been reduced to a minor part of Syria's network of militia proxies, with little or no independent decision-making. - By the late 1980s, Fatah al-Intifada had a brief rapprochement with Arafat's Fatah, but due to its opposition to the Oslo Accords, and generally poor relations between the PLO and the Assad government, Fatah al-Intifada has not been able to secure a role in today's Palestinian politics. Instead it remains a minor faction in the Palestinian refugee camps of Syria and Lebanon, where it was able to organize under the umbrella of the Syrian military presence until its end in 2005. It remains very much a part of Syrian-sponsored efforts to influence Palestinian politics, regularly backing Syrian initiatives and being a core member of a Syrian-led coalition of Palestinian groups based in Damascus.[citation needed] In the Syrian Civil War, Fatah al-Intifada fought alongside the government against the Syrian opposition, and took part in the Siege of Eastern Ghouta, the Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018), and other battles. By 2018, however, it began to lay off its fighters due to the decreasing intensity of the civil war and lack of funds.[4] - Abu Musa was the leader of the group until his death in 2013. The post of Secretary-General is now held by Abu Hazim, while Abu Fadi Hammad acts as Regional Secretary-General for Lebanon. - During the 1980s, Fatah al-Intifada committed a number of attacks on Israel, including on Israeli civilians, but it has not been involved in violence against Israel since sometime before the Oslo Accords in 1993. -",2023-08-26 18:51:59 -Massachusetts Route 98 - Wikipedia," Route 98 Route 98 is a 3.87-mile-long (6.23 km) southwest-northeast numbered highway in central Massachusetts. The highways southern terminus is a continuation of Rhode Island Route 98 in Uxbridge and the northern terminus is at Route 146A in Uxbridge. - The route passes through Aldrich Village, crossing the Douglas Pike and passing a number of buildings on the National Historic Register. One of the historic buildings is the Friends Meetinghouse which is at the northern terminus of Route 98. Nationally prominent Abolitionists Abby Kelley Foster and Effingham Capron were members here. The Southern New England Trunkline Trail crosses Route 98 a short distance south of the Quaker Meeting house and the junction with Route 146A. - Route 98 passes under Route 146 without junction shortly before its northern end at Route 146A, between Exits 1 and 2 of Route 146. The entire route in Massachusetts takes only 3.87 miles (6.23 km). - The entire route is in Uxbridge, Worcester County. - - This Massachusetts road-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:52:04 -Jack Hoyne - Wikipedia," - Jack Hoyne (born 28 February 1880) was an Irish hurler who played as a full-back for the Kilkenny senior team. - Born in Tullaroan, County Kilkenny, Hoyne first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-one when he first linked up with the Kilkenny senior team. He made his senior debut during the 1902 championship. Hoyne went on to become a regular member of the starting fifteen and won two All-Ireland medals and four Leinster medals.[1][2] - At club level Hoyne was a seven-time county championship medallist with Tullaroan. - Hoyne retired from inter-county hurling during the 1907 championship. - Hoyne joined the Tullaroan senior team at the turn of the century and, in 1901, he lined out in his first championship decider. A high-scoring 5–10 to 3–7 defeat of Threecastles gave him his first championship medal. - In 1902 Tullaroan reached yet another final. Mooncoin provided little opposition as Tullaroan powered to a 3–16 to 0–1 victory. It was Hoyne's second championship medal. - Three-in-a-row proved beyond Tullaroan, however, they qualified for a third final in four seasons in 1904. Once again the game turned into a mismatch, as a 6–14 to 1–6 defeat of Piltown gave Hoyne a third championship medal. - After two seasons out of the limelight, Tullaroan were back in the championship decider again in 1907. A 2–6 to 1–3 defeat of Mooncoin gave Hoyne his fourth championship medal. - Hoyne added a fifth championship medal to his collection in 1910 following a 7–1 to 3–0 defeat of Piltown. Tullaroan retained the title the following year, with Hoyne claiming a sixth championship medal following a 4–3 to 2–5 defeat of Mooncoin. - In 1915 Hoyne was in the twilight of his career when he lined out in his final championship decider. A 7–2 to 2–2 defeat of Dicksboro gave him his seventh and final championship medal. - Hoyne made his debut with the Kilkenny senior team during the 1902 championship, however, their campaign ended in a single-point defeat by Dublin in the Leinster decider. - In 1903 Hoyne picked up his first Leinster medal. The game against Dublin ended in a 1–5 apiece draw, however, Kilkenny were subsequently awarded the title by the Leinster Council. Hoyne's side later trounced Antrim before lining out against Cork in the All-Ireland home final which wasn't played until 11 July 1905. Cork's Andy ""Dooric"" Buckley scored at least six goals as Kilkenny were humiliated by 8–9 to 0–8. - Hoyne added a second Leinster medal to his collection in 1904 as Kilkenny recorded a 2–8 to 2–6 defeat of Dublin in the provincial decider. The subsequent All-Ireland final was delayed until 24 June 1906, with three-in-a-row hopefuls Cork providing the opposition. It was the beginning of a hugely successful era for ""the Cats"" as Cork were heading into decline. A first half goal by Dick Doyle put Kilkenny in the driving seat, while goalkeeper Pat ""Fox"" Maher made a great save in the dying moments of the game to help Kilkenny to a 1–9 to 1–8 victory.[3] It was Hoyne's and Kilkenny's first All-Ireland triumph. - In 1905 Hoyne won a third successive Leinster medal as Dublin were once again bested by 2–8 to 2–2. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 14 April 1907 saw Cork provide the opposition once again. The game was a high-scoring affair with Cork winning by 5–10 to 3–13. The game, however, had to be replayed as Cork goalkeeper Daniel McCarthy was a British army reservist and Kilkenny’s Matt Gargan had earlier played with Waterford in the Munster championship. The replay was another high-scoring one, with Jimmy Kelly scoring 5–2 for Kilkenny. A puck-out by Cork's Jamesy Kelleher is said to have bounced and hopped over the Kilkenny crossbar. Kilkenny won the game by 7–7 to 2–9, with all seven of their goals coming in a thirty-minute spell.[4] It was Hoyne's second All-Ireland medal. - Kilkenny lost their provincial crown to Dublin in 1906 as the Tullaroan players withdrew from the team in a dispute over the selection policy, however, the team returned in 1907 with Hoyne capturing a fourth Leinster medal following a 4–14 to 1–9 defeat of Dublin. -",2023-08-26 18:52:07 -Baltic State Technical University - Wikipedia,"Baltic State Technical University ""Voenmeh"" D.F. Ustinov (Russian: Балтийский государственный технический университет ""Военмех"" им. Д.Ф.Устинова; abbreviated BGTU) is a Russian technical university situated in Saint Petersburg. Previously it was known as the Leningrad Mechanical Institute (Russian: Ленинградский механический институт) and Military Mechanical Institute (Russian: Военно-механический институт). - [2] -  WikiMiniAtlas59°54′59″N 30°19′00″E / 59.9164°N 30.3167°E / 59.9164; 30.3167 -",2023-08-26 18:52:10 -Fatah - Wikipedia," - Fatah (Arabic: فتح, Fatḥ), formerly the Palestinian National Liberation Movement,[11] is a Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party. It is the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Mahmoud Abbas, the President of the Palestinian Authority, is the chairman of Fatah. - Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in revolutionary struggle in the past and has maintained a number of militant groups.[12][13][14][15][16] Fatah had been closely identified with the leadership of its founder and chairman, Yasser Arafat, until his death in 2004, when Farouk Kaddoumi constitutionally succeeded him to the position of Fatah Chairman and continued in the position until 2009, when Abbas was elected chairman. Since Arafat's death, factionalism within the ideologically diverse movement has become more apparent. - In the 2006 election for the PLC, the party lost its majority in the PLC to Hamas. However, the Hamas legislative victory led to a conflict between Fatah and Hamas, with Fatah retaining control of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank through its president. Fatah is also active in the control of Palestinian refugee camps.[17][18] - The full name of the movement is حركة التحرير الوطني الفلسطيني ḥarakat al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-Filasṭīnī, meaning the ""Palestinian National Liberation Movement"". From this was crafted the inverted and reverse acronym فتح Fatḥ (generally rendered in English as ""Fatah"") meaning ""opening"", ""conquering"", or ""victory"".[19] The word ""fatḥ"" or ""fatah"" is used in religious discourse to signify the Islamic expansion in the first centuries of Islamic history –as in Fatḥ al-Sham, the ""conquering of the Levant"". ""Fatah"" also has religious significance in that it is the name of the 48th sura (chapter) of the Quran which, according to major Muslim commentators, details the story of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. During the peaceful two years after the Hudaybiyyah treaty, many converted to Islam, increasing the strength of the Muslim side. It was the breach of this treaty by the Quraysh[20] that triggered the conquest of Mecca. This Islamic precedent was cited by Yasser Arafat as justification for his signing the Oslo Accords with Israel.[21][22] - The Fatah movement was founded in 1959 by members of the Palestinian diaspora, principally by professionals working in the Persian Gulf States who had studied in Cairo or Beirut and had been refugees in Gaza. The founders included Yasser Arafat, then head of the General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) at Cairo University; Salah Khalaf; Khalil al-Wazir; and Khaled Yashruti, then GUPS head in Beirut.[23] Fatah espoused a Palestinian nationalist ideology in which Palestinian Arabs would be liberated by their own actions. - Fatah became the dominant force in Palestinian politics after the Six-Day War in 1967. - Fatah joined the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1967, and was allocated 33 of 105 seats in the PLO Executive Committee. Fatah's Yasser Arafat became Chairman of the PLO in 1969, after the position was ceded to him by Yahya Hammuda.[23] According to the BBC, ""Mr Arafat took over as chairman of the executive committee of the PLO in 1969, a year that Fatah is recorded to have carried out 2,432 guerrilla attacks on Israel.""[24] - Throughout 1968, Fatah and other Palestinian armed groups were the target of a major Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) operation in the Jordanian village of Karameh, where the Fatah headquarters – as well as a mid-sized Palestinian refugee camp – were located. The town's name is the Arabic word for ""dignity"", which elevated its symbolism to the Arab people, especially after the Arab defeat in 1967. The operation was in response to attacks against Israel, including rockets strikes from Fatah and other Palestinian militias into the occupied West Bank. Knowledge of the operation was available well ahead of time, and the government of Jordan (as well as a number of Fatah commandos) informed Arafat of Israel's large-scale military preparations. Upon hearing the news, many guerrilla groups in the area, including George Habash's newly formed group the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Nayef Hawatmeh's breakaway organization the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), withdrew their forces from the town. Fatah leaders were advised by a pro-Fatah Jordanian divisional commander to withdraw their men and headquarters to nearby hills, but on Arafat's orders, Fatah remained, and the Jordanian Army agreed to back them if heavy fighting ensued.[23] - On the night of 21 March, the IDF attacked Karameh with heavy weaponry, armored vehicles and fighter jets.[23] Fatah held its ground, surprising the Israeli military. As Israel's forces intensified their campaign, the Jordanian Army became involved, causing the Israelis to retreat in order to avoid a full-scale war.[25] By the end of the battle, nearly 150 Fatah militants had been killed, as well as twenty Jordanian soldiers and twenty-eight Israeli soldiers. Despite the higher Arab death toll, Fatah considered themselves victorious because of the Israeli army's rapid withdrawal.[23] - In the late 1960s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government increased greatly; heavily armed Arab resistance elements had created a virtual ""state within a state"" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in that country. After their victory in the Battle of Karameh, Fatah and other Palestinian militias began taking control of civil life in Jordan. They set up roadblocks, publicly humiliated Jordanian police forces, molested women and levied illegal taxes – all of which Arafat either condoned or ignored.[26][27] - In 1970, the Jordanian government moved to regain control over its territory, and the next day,[dubious – discuss] King Hussein declared martial law.[27] By 25 September, the Jordanian army achieved dominance in the fighting, and two days later Arafat and Hussein agreed to a series of ceasefires. The Jordanian army inflicted heavy casualties upon the Palestinians – including civilians – who suffered approximately 3,500 fatalities. Two thousand Fatah fighters managed to enter Syria. They crossed the border into Lebanon to join Fatah forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters. A large group of guerrilla fighters led by Fatah field commander Abu Ali Iyad held out the Jordanian Army's offensive in the northern city of Ajlun until they were decisively defeated in July 1971. Abu Ali Iyad was executed and surviving members of his commando force formed the Black September Organization, a splinter group of Fatah. In November 1971, the group assassinated Jordanian prime minister Wasfi al-Tal as retaliation to Abu Ali Iyad's execution.[28] - In the 1960s and the 1970s, Fatah provided training to a wide range of European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African militant and insurgent groups, and carried out numerous attacks against Israeli targets in Western Europe and the Middle East during the 1970s. Some militant groups that affiliated themselves to Fatah, and some of the fedayeen within Fatah itself, carried out civilian-aircraft hijackings and terrorist attacks, attributing them to Black September, Abu Nidal's Fatah-Revolutionary Council, Abu Musa's group, the PFLP, and the PFLP-GC.[dubious – discuss] Fatah received weapons, explosives and training from the Soviet Union and some of the communist states of East Europe. China and Algeria also provided munitions.[citation needed] In 1979, Fatah aided Uganda during the Uganda–Tanzania War. Members of the organization fought alongside the Uganda Army and Libyan troops against the Tanzania People's Defence Force during the Battle of Lukaya and the Fall of Kampala, but were eventually forced to retreat from the country.[29] - Since the death of Eljamal in 1968, the Palestinian cause had a large base of supporters in Lebanon. - Although hesitant at first to take sides in the conflict, Arafat and Fatah played an important role in the Lebanese Civil War. Succumbing to pressure from PLO sub-groups such as the PFLP, DFLP and the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF), Fatah aligned itself with the communist and Nasserist Lebanese National Movement (LNM). Although originally aligned with Fatah, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad feared a loss of influence in Lebanon and switched sides. He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of as-Sa'iqa and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC) led by Ahmad Jibril to fight alongside the Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM. The primary component of the Christian militias was the Maronite Phalangists.[30] - Phalangist forces killed twenty-six Fatah trainees on a bus in April 1975, marking the official start of the 15-year-long Lebanese civil war. Later that year, an alliance of Christian militias overran the Palestinian refugee camp of Karantina killing over 1,000 civilians.[31] The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of Damour, a Phalangist and Tigers (Ahrar) stronghold, killing 684 civilians.[30] As the civil war progressed over 2 years of urban warfare, both parties resorted to massive artillery duels and heavy use of sniper nests, while atrocities and war crimes were committed by both sides. - In 1976, with strategic planning help from the Lebanese Army, the alliance of Christian militias, spearheaded by the National Liberal Party of former President Cammille Chamoun militant branch, the noumour el ahrar (NLP Tigers), took a pivotal refugee camp in the Eastern part of Beirut, the Tel al-Zaatar camp, after a six-month siege, also known as Tel al-Zaatar massacre in which hundreds perished.[32] Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort.[30] - PLO cross-border raids against Israel grew somewhat during the late 1970s.[citation needed] One of the most severe – known as the Coastal Road massacre – occurred on 11 March 1978. A force of nearly a dozen Fatah fighters landed their boats near a major coastal road connecting the city of Haifa with Tel Aviv-Yafo. There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians.[33] In response, the IDF launched Operation Litani three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the Litani River. The IDF achieved this goal, and Fatah withdrew to the north into Beirut.[34] - Israel invaded Lebanon again in 1982. Beirut was soon besieged and bombarded by the IDF;[30] to end the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for Arafat and Fatah – guarded by a multinational force – to exile in Tunis. Despite the exile, many Fatah commanders and fighters remained in Lebanon, and they faced the War of the Camps in the 1980s in their fight with the Shia Amal Movement and also in connection with internal schisms within the Palestinian factions.[30] - Until his 2004 death, Arafat headed the Palestinian National Authority, the provisional entity created as a result of the Oslo Accords. Soon after Arafat's death, Farouk Kaddoumi was elected to the post, which he continues to hold. - Fatah nominated Mahmoud Abbas in the Palestinian presidential election of 2005. - In 2005, Hamas won in nearly all the municipalities it contested. Political analyst Salah Abdel-Shafi told the BBC about the difficulties of Fatah leadership: ""I think it's very, very serious – it's becoming obvious that they can't agree on anything."" Fatah is ""widely seen as being in desperate need of reform,"" as ""the PA's performance has been a story of corruption and incompetence – and Fatah has been tainted.""[35] - In December 2005, jailed Intifada leader Marwan Barghouti broke ranks with the party and announced that he had formed a new political list to run in the elections called the al-Mustaqbal (""The Future""), mainly composed of members of Fatah's ""Young Guard."" These younger leaders have repeatedly expressed frustration with the entrenched corruption in the party, which has been run by the ""Old Guard"" who returned from exile in Tunisia following the Oslo Accords. Al-Mustaqbal was to campaign against Fatah in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election, presenting a list including Mohammed Dahlan, Kadoura Fares, Samir Mashharawi and Jibril Rajoub.[36] However, on 28 December 2005, the leadership of the two factions agreed to submit a single list to voters, headed by Barghouti, who began actively campaigning for Fatah from his jail cell.[37][38] - There have been numerous other expressions of discontent within Fatah, which is just holding its first general congress in two decades. Because of this, the movement remains largely dominated by aging cadres from the pre-Oslo era of Palestinian politics. Several of them gained their positions through the patronage of Yasser Arafat, who balanced above the different factions, and the era after his death in 2004 has seen increased infighting among these groups, who jockey for influence over future development, the political line, funds, and constituencies. There is concern over the succession once Abbas leaves power.[39] - There have been no open splits within the older generation of Fatah politicians since the 1980s, though there is occasional friction between members of the top leadership. One founding member, Faruq al-Qaddumi (Abu Lutf), continues to openly oppose the post-Oslo arrangements and has intensified his campaign for a more hardline position from exile in Tunis. Since Arafat's death, he is formally head of Fatah's political bureau and chairman, but his actual political following within Fatah appears limited. He has at times openly challenged the legitimacy of Abbas and harshly criticized both him and Mohammed Dahlan, but despite threats to splinter the movement, he remains in his position, and his challenges have so far been fruitless. Another influential veteran, Hani al-Hassan, has also openly criticized the present leadership. - Fatah's internal conflicts have also, due to the creation of the Palestinian Authority, merged with the turf wars between different PA security services, e.g., a longstanding rivalry between the West Bank (Jibril Rajoub) and Gaza (Muhammad Dahlan) branches of the powerful Preventive Security Service. Foreign backing for different factions contribute to conflict, e.g., with the United States generally seen as supportive of Abbas's overall leadership and of Dahlan's security influence, and Syria alleged to promote Faruq al-Qaddumi's challenge to the present leadership. The younger generations of Fatah, especially within the militant al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, have been more prone to splits, and a number of lesser networks in Gaza and the West Bank have established themselves as either independent organizations or joined Hamas. However, such overt breaks with the movement have still been rather uncommon, despite numerous rivalries inside and between competing local Fatah groups.[citation needed] - The Sixth General Assembly of the Fatah Movement began on 4 August 2009 in Bethlehem, nearly 16 years after the Oslo I Accord and 20 years since the last Fatah convention, after being repeatedly postponed over conflicts ranging from representation to venue.[40] More than 2,000 delegates attended the meeting,[41] while another 400 from the Gaza Strip were unable to attend the conference after Hamas barred them from traveling to the West Bank.[42] - The internal dissension was immediately obvious.[citation needed] Saudi King Abdullah told the delegates that divisions among the Palestinians were more damaging to their cause of an independent state than the Israeli ""enemy"".[42] - Delegates resolved not to resume Israeli-Palestinian peace talks until 14 preconditions were met. Among these preconditions were the release of all Israel-held Palestinian prisoners, a freeze on all Israeli settlement construction, and an end to the Gaza blockade.[43] - By affirming its option for ""armed resistance"" against Israel, Fatah appealed to Palestinians who wanted a more hardline response to Israel.[44] - Israeli deputy foreign minister Danny Ayalon said the conference was a ""serious blow to peace"" and ""was another lost opportunity for the Palestinian leadership to adopt moderate views.""[45] - On 9 August 2009, new members of the Central Committee of Fatah and the Revolutionary Council were chosen.[46] Delegates voted to fill 18 seats on the 23-seat Central Committee, and 81 seats on the 128-seat Revolutionary Council after a week of deliberations. At least 70 new members entered the latter, with 20 seats going to Fatah representatives from the Gaza Strip, 11 seats filled by women (the highest number of votes went to one woman who spent years in Israeli jails for her role in the resistance), four seats went to Christians, and one was filled by a Jewish-born convert to Islam, Uri Davis, the first Jewish-born person to be elected to the Revolutionary Council since its founding in 1958. Fatah activists from the Palestinian diaspora were also represented and included Samir Rifai, Fatah's secretary in Syria, and Khaled Abu Usba. - Elected to the central council was Fadwa Barghouti, the wife of Marwan Barghouti who was serving five life sentences in Israel for his role in terrorist attacks on civilians in Israel during the Second Intifada. - A meeting of the Revolutionary Council was held in Ramallah from 18 to 19 October 2014. Many important questions were discussed, including reconciliation with Hamas. Opinion was divided on this issue.[47] - In December 2016, more than 1400 members of Fatah's 7th Congress elected 18 members of the Central Committee and 80 for the Revolutionary Council. Six new members were added to the Central Committee while 12 were reelected. Outgoing members included Nabil Shaath, Nabil Abu Rudeineh, Zakaria al-Agha and Tayib Abdul Rahim.[48] - Its leader Abu Ashraf Al-Armoushi and his comrades were killed in the Al-Basateen neighborhood of Ain Al-Helweh camp on 30 July 2023 during a fighting.[49][50][51] - Fatah has ""Member Party"" status at the Socialist International[52] and has ""Observer Party"" status within the Party of European Socialists.[53] - -The November 1959 edition of Fatah's underground journal Filastinuna Nida al-Hayat indicated that the movement was motivated by the status of the Palestinian refugees in the Arab world: From the beginning, the armed struggle – as manifested in the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine and the military role of Palestinian fighters under the leadership of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War – was central to Fatah's ideology of liberating Palestine.[23] - Fatah's two most important decision-making bodies are the Central Committee and Revolutionary Council. The Central Committee is mainly an executive body, while the Revolutionary Council is Fatah's legislative body.[47][55][56] - Fatah has maintained a number of militant groups since its founding. Its mainstream military branch is al-'Asifah. Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in terrorism in the past,[12][13][14][15][16] though unlike its rival Islamist faction Hamas, Fatah is no longer regarded as a terrorist organization by any government. Fatah used to be designated terrorist under Israeli law and was considered terrorist by the United States Department of State and United States Congress until it renounced terrorism in 1988.[57][58][59][60][61] - Fatah has, since its inception, created, led or sponsored a number of armed groups and militias, some of which have had an official standing as the movement's armed wing, and some of which have not been publicly or even internally recognized as such. The group has also dominated various PLO and Palestinian Authority forces and security services which were/are not officially tied to Fatah, but in practice have served as wholly pro-Fatah armed units, and been staffed largely by members. The original name for Fatah's armed wing was al-'Asifah (""The Storm""), and this was also the name Fatah first used in its communiques, trying for some time to conceal its identity. This name has since been applied more generally to Fatah armed forces, and does not correspond to a single unit today. Other militant groups associated with Fatah include: - During the Second Intifada, the group was a member of the Palestinian National and Islamic Forces.[62] - In August 2009, at Fatah's Sixth General Conference in Bethlehem, Fatah delegates drew up a new ""internal charter"".[63] -",2023-08-26 18:52:14 -"Marcinho (footballer, born May 1995) - Wikipedia","Márcio Augusto da Silva Barbosa (born 16 May 1995), commonly known as Marcinho, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Kawasaki Frontale. - Born in Belford Roxo, Rio de Janeiro, Marcinho represented Coritiba's youth setup before being spotted by scouts of Novo Hamburgo in 2015.[1] He made his senior debut for the latter on 1 February 2015, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–2 Campeonato Gaúcho home draw against Aimoré. - Marcinho scored his first senior goal on 4 February 2015, netting a last-minute winner in a 2–1 away defeat of Juventude. He finished the tournament with three goals in 14 appearances. - In the middle of 2015, Marcinho joined Internacional and was assigned to the under-20 squad. On 30 August 2016, he was loaned to Ypiranga-RS until the end of the year's Série C.[2] - On 19 January 2017, Marcinho was loaned to Série B side Brasil de Pelotas for one year.[3] A regular starter, he contributed with five league goals in 32 appearances. - On 22 December 2017, Marcinho renewed his contract until 2020 and returned to his parent club for the ensuing campaign.[4] He made his first team debut for the club the following 21 January, starting in a 3–0 away defeat of former side Novo Hamburgo. - After the arrivals of Jonathan Álvez and Paolo Guerrero, Marcinho, who was already a backup option, was not utilized by manager Odair Hellmann. - On 22 May 2018, Marcinho was loaned to Fortaleza in the second division, until the end of the campaign.[5] He contributed with three goals in 25 appearances as his side returned to the top tier after a 13-year absence, and announced his departure from the club on 2 January 2019.[6] - On 7 February 2019, however, Marcinho rejoined the club on loan until the end of the year.[7] - On 13 August 2021, Kawasaki Frontale announced the signing of Marcinho.[8] - Fortaleza - Kawasaki Frontale -",2023-08-26 18:52:17 -Uli the Tenant - Wikipedia,"Uli the Tenant (German: Uli, der Pächter) is a 1955 Swiss comedy drama film directed by Franz Schnyder and starring Liselotte Pulver, Hannes Schmidhauser and Emil Hegetschweiler.[1] Based on a classic 1849 novel by Jeremias Gotthelf, it was made as a sequel to the hit 1954 film Uli the Farmhand. - The film was shot at the Rosenhof Studios in Zurich and on location across Switzerland. - - This article related to a Swiss film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:52:21 -Heaven the Axe - Wikipedia," - Heaven the Axe is a heavy metal band, which formed in Wagga Wagga in 2007 by Phoebe Pinnock on lead vocals and her husband, Steve Watts, on rhythm guitar.[1] - Heaven the Axe began as a duo of domestic partners, Phoebe Pinnock on lead vocals and Steve Watts (ex-Manticore) on rhythm guitar in Wagga Wagga.[2] After the couple moved to Melbourne they were joined by Matt ""Skitz"" Sanders (Drummer; Damaged, Terrorust) with accompaniment by Nick Williams (Rotten Chop) on bass. Phoebe, Steve and Skitz recorded two songs ""So Nirvana"" and ""Glue"" with Ren Parisi from Melbourne Records. Recruiting live members Paolo Celli and Retch Bile (Broozer) they played their first show in October 2009 at Noise Bar, Brunswick. - The band did a series of fundraising efforts in 2010 raising money for victims of child sex slavery in Nepal. Celli and Bile left and drummer Tom Rossell (House of Thumbs) and Mat Silcock (Former Damaged Guitarist) replaced them. Tim Aldridge (Abramelin) joined handling bass and the band began playing with two guitarists. Heaven the Axe were invited to perform at The Sydney Entertainment Centre in a televised performance which led to their booking at Street Machines Summernats Festival in Canberra in 2011.[3] They have since appeared there in 2012 and 2014.[4] - Heaven the Axe launched their debut record ""Sex, Chugs and Rock ‘n’ Roll"" independently on 17 September 2011 at The Palace Theatre in Melbourne City.[5][6] Aramis Pitrinec (Strict Vincent) signed on as drummer also sharing the role with Rossell and Skitz. After the band recorded the album Aldridge left and was replaced by Trav Price. During November 2011 the band did a tour as main support for Rose Tattoo. The band toured through 2012 and Phoebe and Steve coordinated a festival in their hometown of Wagga Wagga featuring Angry Anderson singing Rose Tattoo songs with Heaven The Axe as his band, as well as Justice Crew and international super cross riders in a display of motorcycling stunts. They raised $50,000 in a day for their local community and attracted national attention in the media.[1] - In 2013, the band teamed up with Frankenbok, Dreadnaught, Abreact and King Parrot to tour regional areas in a blind line up draw tour called ""Regional Roulette"". Heaven the Axe recorded the single ""Good Things Come to Those Who Hate"" in 2013 with Peter ""Regi"" Bowman and the song featured backing vocalists Skitz, Dan McDougall (Frankenbok) and Matt Young (King Parrot) with a guitar solo by Richie Poate (Dreadnaught). The song went to #2 on the Australian iTunes Metal charts. After Summernats 2014 Mat Silcock left and Aramis Pitrinec moved to Queensland. Ed Lacey (The Wolves, King Parrot, The Berzerker) joined on guitar and Adam Savino (Decimatus) became the new drummer. In 2014 Heaven the Axe wrote and recorded the theme song to 7mate programme, Bogan Hunters, which is directed and produced by Pauly Fenech. The group's music was used on the soundtracks to SBS TV series, Housos (Series 2) and the related feature film, Housos VS Authority. The band also wrote and recorded a theme song for the film, Fat Pizza VS Housos.[1] - Lacey and Savino both quit in December 2014 immediately before the band was invited to perform Hammersonic Festival in Jakarta, Indonesia for 2015. Phoebe and Steve re-joined with Matt ""Skitz"" Sanders and Tom Rossell on drums and invited Aaron Butler ""Azza Bok"" and Tim Miedecke both from Frankenbok to join the band and in 2015 they played to 30,000 fans in Jakarta. In 2015 the band has headlined a number of Australian Festivals including Brewtality Festival, at The Tote. Heaven the Axe started writing their new record. They went into hiatus late in that year.[2] - In August 2016 the group reassembled with the line-up of Pinnock, Savino and Watts joined by Ben Gilmore on bass guitar and Alex Hellenbach on lead guitar.[2][7] Brian Giffin of Loud magazine observed, ""New blood also gives [the duo] more people to bounce song ideas off; Hellenbach in particular has been keen to step forward with a few of his own.""[2] They started touring through Victoria, New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory in that month.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:52:24 -1982 Birthday Honours (New Zealand) - Wikipedia," - The 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 12 June 1982.[1][2] - The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour. - Sir George Chapman - Sir Laurie Francis - Sir Hamish Hay - Dame Kiri Te Kanawa - Gordon Mason - Eve Poole - Mary Ronnie -",2023-08-26 18:52:28 -Ilkka Koivula - Wikipedia," - Ilkka Koivula (born 16 March 1966) is a Finnish actor. He has appeared in 28 films and television shows since 1988. He starred in the film Lights in the Dusk, which was entered into the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.[1] - This article about a Finnish actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:52:32 -Petfinder - Wikipedia,"Petfinder is an internet company that operates the largest online pet adoption website serving all of North America.[2][3] The company reports that it currently lists “more than 315,000 adoptable pets from nearly 14,000 animal shelters and rescue groups.”[2] A commercial enterprise founded in 1996, it is now owned by Nestlé Purina PetCare Company and reports that it has facilitated more than 22 million pet adoptions as of 2013.[2][3][4] Most of the pets listed on Petfinder are dogs and cats, but they list all types of animals available from shelters and rescue groups, from small fish, reptiles and birds to horses and livestock.[5] - Betsy Banks Saul and Jared Saul came up with the idea of Petfinder.org in early 1996, when Betsy was working for New Jersey's urban forestry program while completing her Master's thesis at Clemson University.[6] - In 2005, Petfinder launched a large database of pets rescued from the effects of Hurricane Katrina.[7] Major animal welfare agencies cooperated to assist in reuniting pets with their owners through the Animal Emergency Response Network (AERN).[8] The database eventually had nearly 23,000 pets listed, 3,200 pets of which were eventually returned to their owners.[9] The database also included nearly 26,000 requests for rescue from people who left animals behind and another 8,000 lost-animal notices. - In 2006, Discovery Communications bought Petfinder for $35 million.[3] Once acquired, Petfinder was part of Animal Planet Media Enterprises, but was later moved out of Animal Planet and into Discovery Communications' digital media group. Betsy Banks Saul was still involved with Petfinder as were many of Petfinder's original employees. Betsy Banks Saul and Jared Saul are also founding board members of the Petfinder Foundation.[citation needed] - In 2013, Nestlé Purina PetCare Company announced the acquisition of Petfinder from Discovery Communications, noting it was Nestle's first major acquisition of a digital property.[2] The company said it plans to add information on pet nutrition and welfare to the website.[4] - In 2008, Time magazine named it as one of the 50 Best Websites.[10] Because of her impact on animal welfare, Betsy Banks Saul, Petfinder's co-founder, was named by Woman's Day magazine as one of 50 influential women who are changing the world.[11] Its mobile site was launched in 2008 and received a People's Voice Webby award in 2014.[12] Petfinder was featured in an iPhone commercial.[13] In 2010, Time magazine named it one of the top 10 iPhone apps.[14] - In 2003, Petfinder started the Petfinder Foundation, a nonprofit that provides grants to other charities or organizations that help prevent the euthanasia of pets.[15] The program is supported by private donors and corporate partners like Orvis and Volvo, among others.[16][17] -",2023-08-26 18:52:35 -Alvin A. Handrich - Wikipedia," - Alvin A. Handrich (June 1, 1892 – November 26, 1981) was an American farmer, businessman, and politician. - Born in the town of Bloomfield, Waushara County, Wisconsin, Handrich lived in California for five years. Handrich lived on a farm in the town of Little Wolf, Wisconsin. He was district manager for Standard Oil Company until retiring in 1960 and lived in Manawa, Wisconsin. He was also secretary of the Wisconsin division of the Farm Holiday Association. Handrich served on the Little Wolf Town Board and on the Little Wolf School Board. From 1935 to 1939, Handrich served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was elected on the Wisconsin Progressive Party ticket. Handrich served on the Manawa City Council until his death. Handrich died in a hospital in Waupaca, Wisconsin on November 26, 1981.[1][2] - - This article about a Wisconsin Progressive Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:52:39 -Daphnella louisae - Wikipedia," - Daphnella louisae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.[1] - The length of the shell attains 7 mm. - This marine species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Aruba. - - This Daphnella-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:52:42 -Luoshu Square - Wikipedia,"The Luoshu (pinyin), Lo Shu (Wade-Giles), or Nine Halls Diagram is an ancient Chinese diagram and named for the Luo River near Luoyang, Henan. The Luoshu appears in myths concerning the invention of writing by Cangjie and other culture heroes. It is a unique normal magic square of order three. It is usually paired with the River Map or Hetu—named in reference to the Yellow River—and used with the River Map in various contexts involving Chinese geomancy, numerology, philosophy, and early natural science. - The Lo Shu is part of the legacy of ancient Chinese mathematical and divinity (cf. the I Ching 易經) traditions, and is an important emblem in Feng Shui (風水)—the art of geomancy concerned with the placement of objects in relation to the flow of qi (氣), or ""natural energy"".[citation needed] - A Chinese legend concerning the pre-historic Emperor Yu (夏禹) tells of the Lo Shu, often in connection with the Yellow River Map (Hetu) and the eight trigrams. In ancient China there is a legend of a huge deluge: the people offered sacrifices to the god of one of the flooding rivers, the Luo river (洛河), to try to calm his anger. A magical turtle emerged from the water with the curiously unnatural Lo Shu pattern on its shell: circular dots representing the integers one through nine are arranged in a three-by-three grid.[citation needed] - Early records dated to 650 BCE are ambiguous, referring to a ""river map"", but clearly start to refer to a magic square by 80 CE, and explicitly give an example of one since 570 CE.[1][2] Recent publications have provided support that the Lo Shu Magic Square was an important model for time and space. It served as a basis for city planning, and tomb and temple design. The magic square was incidentally used to designate spaces of political and religious importance.[3] - The odd and even numbers alternate in the periphery of the Lo Shu pattern; the four even numbers are at the four corners, and the five odd numbers (which outnumber the even numbers by one) form a cross in the center of the square. The sums in each of the three rows, in each of the three columns, and in both diagonals, are all 15.[notes 1] Since ""5"" is in the center cell, the sum of any two other cells that are directly through the five from each other must be 10 (e.g., opposite squares and corners add up to 10, the number of the Yellow River Map.[citation needed] - The Lo Shu is sometimes connected numerologically with the ""Bagua"" (八卦 or eight trigrams""), that can be arranged in the eight outer cells, reminiscent of circular trigram diagrams. Because north is placed at the bottom of maps in China, the 3x3 magic square having number 1 at the bottom and 9 at the top is used in preference to the other rotations/reflections. As seen in the ""Later Heaven"" arrangement, 1 and 9 correspond with ☵ Kǎn 坎 ""Water 水"" and ☲ Lí 離 ""Fire 火"" respectively. In the ""Early Heaven"" arrangement, they would correspond with ☷ Kūn 坤 ""Earth 地"" and ☰ Qián 乾 ""Heaven 天"" respectively. Like the Yellow River Map, the Lo Shu square, in conjunction with the Bagua, is sometimes used as a mandalic representation important in Feng Shui geomancy.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 18:52:45 -Niemberg - Wikipedia,"Niemberg is a village and a former municipality in the district Saalekreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Landsberg. - - This Saalekreis location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:52:50 -1933 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship - Wikipedia," - The 1933 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 47th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Cavan won their first title.[1][2][3] Were also the first county from the province of Ulster to win. They ended Kerry's 4 year period in the All Ireland semi-final as All Ireland champions. -",2023-08-26 18:52:54 -John Brenan (physician) - Wikipedia," -John Brenan (c.1768–1830) was an Irish physician. - Brenan was born at Ballaghide, Carlow, Ireland, about 1768, was the youngest of six children. His father, a Roman Catholic, possessed some property. Brenan's earliest literary productions appear to have been epigrams and short poems, which he contributed to Dublin periodicals in 1793. He graduated as doctor of medicine in Glasgow, and established himself in that profession in Dublin about 1801. - For some time he was a contributor of verses in the Irish Magazine, founded in Dublin in 1807 by Walter Cox. Cox was tried in Dublin in 1812 for publishing a production in favour of a repeal of the union between Great Britain and Ireland, and condemned to stand in the pillory and to be imprisoned for twelve months. While Cox was in gaol under this sentence, Brenan quarrelled with him, went over to the opposite party, and started the 'Milesian Magazine, or Irish Monthly Gleaner.' The first number appeared in April 1812, and in it and subsequent issues he assailed Cox with great acerbity. - Brenan was ardently devoted to gymnastics, an expert wrestler, and occasionally showed symptoms of mental disorder. About 1812 puerperal fever and internal inflammation prevailed to a vast extent in Dublin. Brenan discovered a valuable remedy in preparations of turpentine, with which he successfully treated many cases. - The greater part of the medical practice in Dublin at that time was in the hands of the College of Physicians. An old bylaw of the college forbidding members to hold consultations with non-members was, according to Brenan, put in operation to curtail his practice. Brenan stated that the Dublin physicians declined to use his remedy from personal jealousy. It was, however, adopted by practitioners with success in the country parts of Ireland, as well as in England and Scotland. - In 1813 Brenan published at Dublin a pamphlet entitled 'Essay on Child-bed Fever, with remarks on it, as it appeared in the Lying-in Hospital of Dublin, in January 1813, &c.' In this publication he attacked the College of Physicians. He followed up the attack by a series of articles, both in verse and prose, in the 'Milesian Magazine,' in which he satirised the prominent members of that college. - Brenan also attacked persons agitating for Catholic emancipation. A government pension was alleged to have been given for these productions. - Many of Brenan's satires were in the form of adaptations in verse of passages from the Latin classics, which he applied with much poignancy. Among these was an elaborate piece on Daniel O'Connell, then in the early stages of his career. - The 'Milesian Magazine' was published at long intervals. The last number, which appears to have been that printed in 1825, contained a letter which Brenan addressed to the Marquis of Wellesley, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, advocating an inquiry into the administration of the Lying-in Hospital at Dublin, and stating the circumstances of his discovery in connection with turpentine. Brenan's death took place at Dublin in July 1830. -  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: ""Brenan, John"". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. -",2023-08-26 18:52:57 -Kamla Manhar - Wikipedia," - Kamla Manhar (born 7 November, 1947) is an Indian politician. She is a Member of Parliament, representing Chhattisgarh in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's Parliament, as a member of the Indian National Congress.[1][2][3][4][5] -",2023-08-26 18:53:01 -2010 Rochester Rhinos season - Wikipedia,"Rochester Rhinos played their fifteenth season in professional soccer and first in the temporary USSF D2 Pro League in 2010. - as of June 16, 2010[1] - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. - Bob Lilley (2010–present) - [2] -",2023-08-26 18:53:05 -Colin Cowperthwaite - Wikipedia," - Colin Cowperthwaite (born 16 April 1959) is an English former semi-professional footballer. He is best known as the overall top scorer and record appearance holder for Barrow, a club he played for from December 1977 till December 1992, where he scored 282 goals in 704 league and cup games.[1] He has been voted Barrow's all-time greatest player.[1] - Cowperthwaite made his debut for Barrow in 1977 when the team were in the Northern Premier League, five years after they had been relegated from the football league. During his period at the club, he won two Northern Premier League titles, playing eight seasons in that league and nine in the Alliance Premier League.[2] The biggest success in that period came in 1990 when Barrow beat Leek Town 3–0 in the FA Trophy final at Wembley, in which Cowperthwaite scored.[3][4] When Cowperthwaite retired in 1992, his testimonial match was held against Manchester City.[5] After retiring, he continued to be active in the local amateur football scene. He played for Cartmel in the North Lancashire and District Football League, later managing the team in two different spells.[6] With Cartmel he played alongside a young Jason Walker, who grew up in the same village of Flookburgh as Cowperthwaite; like Cowperthwaite, Walker would go on to score for Barrow in an FA Trophy final at Wembley.[7] - His 1979-goal after just 3.5 seconds in a game against Kettering Town[8] was at the time the fastest recorded in the English game, and is still the fastest in a national competition, though a faster goal has since been scored by Marc Burrows in a reserve match.[9] - He is the father of Niall Cowperthwaite, who played in the Football League with Morecambe, and who also went on to play for Barrow.[10] -",2023-08-26 18:53:09 -1947 in Thailand - Wikipedia,"← - → - The year 1947 was the 166th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the second year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2490 in the Buddhist Era. - - This Thailand-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:53:12 -Chester Wilson Emmons - Wikipedia," - Chester Wilson Emmons (August 21, 1900 – August 5, 1985) was an American scientist, who researched fungi that cause diseases. He was the first mycologist at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), where for 31 years he served as head of its Medical Mycology Section. - After studying botany at Penn College and the host-parasite relationship of Ampelomyces quisqualis at Columbia University, he transferred to the School of Tropical Medicine in Puerto Rico, where he confirmed that Actinomyces bovis is present in the mouths of healthy people. In 1934, back at Columbia, he proposed that some fungi should be defined according to their structure, not the effects of the resulting fungal infection. He was the first to recognise coccidioidomycosis in desert rodents, and he established that soil is a natural reservoir for Histoplasma capsulatum, which flourishes when the soil is supplemented by bird, chicken and bat droppings. He proved an association between Cryptococcus neoformans and pigeon nesting sites, after being the first to isolate the fungus from its natural habitat. Emmons provided early evidence for the effectiveness of amphotericin B in treating of systemic fungal infections. His modified agar medium for fungal culture is sometimes referred to as Sabouraud agar, Emmons. In 1942, Emmons defined a new species Haplosporangium parvum, later reclassified into a separate genus and renamed Emmonsia. - In 1960, as president of the Mycological Society of America (MSA), he made the study of fungi the focus of his presidential address, in an effort to raise the profile of medical mycology. Emmons also taught medical students at George Washington University, and later taught medical mycology to physicians at the NIH's clinical centre. He contributed as an editor to several journals including the American Journal of Epidemiology, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, Mycopathologia and Mycologia Applicata, Journal of Bacteriology, Mycologia, and Clinical Medicine. Shortly before his death, he had disclosed that he felt his biggest contribution was demonstrating that fungal infections were common and widespread, and that their causal organisms were everywhere. - Chester Wilson Emmons was born on August 21, 1900, in What Cheer, Iowa, to Wilson Thomas and Amy Penrose Emmons, was the eldest of their five children, and belonged to the Religious Society of Friends.[1] He attended the Friends schools in Iowa and Ohio, where he also taught for some time.[1] When at home, he assisted at the family farm.[1] - He graduated from Penn College in Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1926.[1] The following June, under George Willard Martin, he completed his master's degree in botany, titled ""Thelephoraceae of Iowa"".[1][2] - Emmons left Iowa and moved to New York where he earned a Roberts fellowship at Columbia University under the supervision of professor Robert A. Harper, and studied the host-parasite relationship of Ampelomyces quisqualis, then known as Cicinnobolus desai.[1][2] At Columbia, he trained with Rhoda W. Benham and in 1929 was appointed her assistant in mycology.[2] - After completing his Ph.D. he took up a post at the School of Tropical Medicine in Puerto Rico, where he would continue research on fungi that cause disease in humans.[2] In Puerto Rico, he confirmed Frederick T. Lord's conclusions of 1910, that Actinomyces bovis is present in the mouths of healthy people.[1] - In 1934, back at Columbia,[1] he published his first medical papers in which he proposed that the genera of common fungal causes of infections of the skin; Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton should be redefined according to the structure of the fungi, not the varying clinical features of the disease.[3] In 1936, Emmons became the first medical mycologist appointed by the US government, after the National Institutes of Health (NIH), then in Washington DC, was given permission to finance the post.[1][2] Here he set out to look for the natural reservoirs of disease causing fungi.[1] For 31 years he served as head of the NIH's Medical Mycology Section.[1] - In 1942, Emmons and Ashburn discovered unusually large particles in the lungs of mice and ground squirrels in Arizona.[4] They initially felt them to belong to the genera Coccidioides, but following culture they defined it as a new species Haplosporangium parvum,[4] a fungus that caused adiaspiromycosis, a lung disease in wild animals, but rare in people.[5] When its spores were inhaled, they increased in size from 2–4 μm to 40–500 μm in diameter.[5] It was reclassified into a separate genus in 1958 and renamed Emmonsia for Emmons.[5] He was the first to recognise coccidioidomycosis in desert rodents, and establishing that soil is a natural reservoir for Histoplasma capsulatum, which flourishes when the soil is supplemented by bird, chicken and bat droppings.[1][6] He also proved an association between Cryptococcus neoformans and pigeon nesting sites, after being the first to isolate the fungus from its natural habitat.[1] He provided early evidence for the effectiveness of amphotericin B in treating of systemic fungal infections.[1] In 1977, he modified Raymond Sabouraud’s agar to produce a more pH neutral substance with a lower glucose concentration, to allow a better culture medium for fungi that cause disease in humans.[7] - For 20 years from 1942, he taught medical students at George Washington University.[2] From 1953, he taught medical mycology to physicians at the NIH's new clinical centre.[2] He authored over 150 research papers , and co-authored a book on medical mycology, which went to at least three editions.[1] - Between 1954 and 1960 he was vice president of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, and was a recipient of its Lucille K. George Medal.[1] In 1960, he was president of the Mycological Society of America (MSA).[1] In an effort to raise the profile of medical mycology, he presented a paper titled ""The Jekyll-Hydes of mycology"", making medical mycology the focus of his presidential address to the MSA at Stillwater, Oklahoma.[1][9] In 1982, he received the MSA's distinguished mycologist award.[1] - The American Academy of Microbiology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the New York Academy of Sciences all elected him a fellow.[1] The Association Mexicana Microbiologia made him an honorary member and the World Health Organization Expert Advisory Panel on Parasitic Diseases enrolled his expertise from 1960 to 1975.[1] - He also held posts at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Vanderbilt Clinic in New York, and the Georgetown University School of Medicine.[1] He contributed as an editor to several journals including the Abstracts of Mycology, American Journal of Epidemiology, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, Mycopathologia and Mycologia Applicata, Journal of Bacteriology, Mycologia, and Clinical Medicine.[1] - In 1929, while working on his Ph.D., he met and married Florence Hall. They had five children: Helen, Richard, Donald, Elizabeth and Nancy.[1] - After retiring in 1966, Emmons and his wife first made a three-month stay in Peru, where they volunteered at a jungle hospital.[1] They then returned to Arizona, where he took up the appointment of visiting professor at Arizona State University. In Arizona, he joined a rock club, where he learnt to cut and polish stones.[1] In 1978 due deteriorating health, the couple moved to North Carolina.[1] - Emmons died on August 5, 1985.[1] Two years earlier he had disclosed to mycologist Michael W. McGinnis, that he felt his biggest contribution was demonstrating that fungal infections were common and widespread, and that their causal organisms were everywhere.[2] - His modified agar medium for fungal culture is sometimes referred to as Sabouraud agar, Emmons.[7] The fungal genus Emmonsia is named for him.[5] -",2023-08-26 18:53:17 -Animal Miracles - Wikipedia,"Animal Miracles,[1] also broadcast as Miracle Pets, is a one-hour, live action program that aired on the Pax TV network from 2001 to 2003, offering a perspective into the realm of human and animal interaction. Hosted by Alan Thicke, the series features animals protecting humans or other pets, one such being a llama guarding a herd of alpacas. It is also shown on Animal Planet. Each episode contains three or four segments, some extended beyond a commercial. - Although the show had released more than forty episodes from 2001 to 2003, only thirteen episodes from the first season are available on Amazon Video. The available episodes are listed here: - 1. Caesar's Sacrifice - A Canadian police dog faces a drunken gunman on a crowded schoolyard; a young girl affected with spina bifida forms a strong bond with a 32-year-old horse; a manatee is rescued by Seaworld; an aging English Mastiff saves his diabetic owner from going into insulin shock. - 2. Stormy's Shark Attack - A bottlenose dolphin survives a shark attack and is nursed back to health; a yellow Labrador retriever saves his elderly owner when he collapses during a daily walk; a German Shepherd cross pulls her master from a frozen river; a black Labrador retriever saves his owner after the duo end up lost in a forest; a farmer is rescued by one of his llamas after a fence panel collapses on his right leg. - 3. Cat on the Night Highway - A stray terrier warns his elderly owners of a threatening house fire; a horse alerts his owners of his injured horse friend nearby; a cat survives a house fire after warning her owner just in time; two dogs end up lost in a forest; a cat arouses her dozing owner before she falls asleep at the wheel. - 4. Kiwi Pulls Through - A miniature pony visits sick, injured, and disabled children at a hospital; a German Shepherd alerts her owner of a kitchen fire; a Burmese cat arouses his owner when her heat blanket goes up in smoke; a trained service dog saves her owner from a chemical spill. - 5. Keno, Avalanche Dog - A search and rescue Labrador retriever rescues an avalanche victim buried under several feet of snow; a woman befriends a gifted horse named Shagra; a rescued bald eagle finds a new home at a rehabilitation center; a cocker spaniel saves her owner from a house fire. - 6. Poudre's Catch of the Day - A Golden Retriever pulls her owner out of a raging river after a fly-fishing accident; a Rottweiler helps his owner breathe when a power outage shuts off her breathing tank; a woman builds a sanctuary for alligators, iguanas, and other reptiles; a woman who had been in prison relives her childhood passion by taking care of dogs; a housecat alerts his owners of a living room fire. - 7. Hand Me the Bat - A Rottweiler protects her truck-driving master from a trio of ruthless thugs; an overweight dachshund saves his owners from multiple fires in the house; a ten-year-old blind girl rides a racing horse; a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer and his German shepherd track down a family lost in the Rocky Mountains; an abused Asian elephant befriends another abused elephant at an elephant sanctuary. - 8. Dakota Angel - A small terrier is rescued from a freezing river; a Golden Retriever saves his owner and other people from heart attacks; a young girl befriends dolphins and sea turtles while trying marine animal assisted therapy; a black Labrador retriever saves his blind owner from an oncoming car; the demeanor of a teenage boy changes when he befriends a horse. - 9. Dixie and the Snake - A cat saves her five kittens from a warehouse fire; a three-legged Labrador saves her owner from a boating accident; a pitbull protects her owner's three small children from a venomous water moccasin; a bomb dog saves a man's life with his sense of smell; a black lab sniffs out and catches an arsonist. - 10. Keno's Accomplishment - A police dog tracks down a criminal despite being hit by an oncoming car; a woman and her daughter adopt an abused stray dog that had been badly burned; an Australian shepherd tries to warn his owner of a dangerous date; a prisoner works with horses at a prison's horse training facility; a farmer befriends a mysterious dog when his wife falls unexpectedly ill. - 11. Tuff Stops the Stampede - An English setter warns his owners of an approaching tornado; a recovering alcoholic befriends an abused pit bull; a blind cat fights off a burglar breaking into her owners' house; a woman rebuilds her life after swimming with humpback whales; a sheepdog defends his injured elderly master from a stampeding herd of cattle. - 12. Green Chimneys - A woman reunites with her horse Irish after more than twenty years of separation; a cocker spaniel pulls his young master's father off of a busy road after he passes out; - 13. Misty Fire -",2023-08-26 18:53:21 -Baron Cozens-Hardy - Wikipedia," - Baron Cozens-Hardy, of Letheringsett in the County of Norfolk, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 1 July 1914 for Sir Herbert Cozens-Hardy, Master of the Rolls from 1907 to 1918. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron. He represented Norfolk South in Parliament as a Liberal. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baron. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baron on 11 September 1975. - Motto = Fear One. - *Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. London: Dean & Son. p. 246. -",2023-08-26 18:53:24 -Electoral results for the district of Melville - Wikipedia," -This is a list of electoral results for the Electoral district of Melville in Western Australian state elections. -",2023-08-26 18:53:28 -Udakumbura - Wikipedia,"Udakumbura is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province. -  WikiMiniAtlas7°30′N 80°49′E / 7.500°N 80.817°E / 7.500; 80.817 - - This Matale District, Central Province, Sri Lanka location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:53:31 -Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum - Wikipedia,"The Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum is a research library of American cartoons and comic art affiliated with the Ohio State University library system in Columbus, Ohio. Formerly known as the Cartoon Research Library and the Cartoon Library & Museum, it holds the world's largest and most comprehensive academic research facility documenting and displaying original and printed comic strips, editorial cartoons, and cartoon art. The museum is named after the Ohio cartoonist Billy Ireland.[1][2] - Covering comic books, daily strips, Sunday strips, editorial cartoons, graphic novels, magazine cartoons, and sports cartoons, the collection includes 450,000 original cartoons, 36,000 books, 51,000 serial titles, and 3,000 feet (910 m) of manuscript materials, plus 2.5 million comic strip clippings and tear sheets. - The Cartoon Library began in 1977 when the Milton Caniff Collection was donated to Ohio State and delivered to the School of Journalism, which was headed by Lucy Shelton Caswell, who became the Milton Caniff Reading Room's first curator. Interviewed by Matt Tauber, Caswell detailed the museum's origins and how she became involved: - Caniff loved his university very much and truly believed that without the education he got here, he would not have achieved the things that he did. So, his sense of gratitude to the university was palpable... Somebody had to be responsible to make sure it was all there, and all the boxes had my name on it. When funding was made available to work on Caniff, I was offered a six-month appointment. I’ve been here ever since. The original collection was housed in the Journalism building. When I started working with it, we were in two classrooms that had been converted, a door cut between them, so that one was a reading room and one was a storage area... At the time that I started, there weren’t really the kinds of resources to teach and learn about comics that we have now. So, I basically had to make it up as we went along. There just wasn’t anything else out there. As a good librarian and scholar, I started writing around to other places that said they had cartoon collections to see how they did things, because you don’t want to reinvent the wheel if somebody’s already figured it out. It turned out that nobody had the kind of thing that we had in the Caniff collection, i.e. so extensive, and the combination of art and manuscript materials. And nobody else was trying to grow it the way we were.[3] From two classrooms off the back hallway of the Journalism Building in 1977, the collection expanded to three classrooms and became part of the University Libraries. By 1989, the three classrooms were filled, and the library moved into a larger space, eventually requiring the use of off-site storage as the collection continued to expand. (At that point, the facility was named the Cartoon Research Library.) - In 1992, United Media donated the Robert Roy Metz Collection of 83,034 original cartoons by 113 cartoonists. - In 1998, the San Francisco Academy of Comic Art Collection was acquired from its director, Bill Blackbeard, giving the library the largest collection of newspaper comic-strip tear sheets and clippings in the world.[1][2] Six semitrailer trucks transported this collection from California to Ohio. - In 2007, King Features Syndicate donated its proof-sheet collection, consisting of over two million strips (a duplicate set was donated to Michigan State University's Comic Art Collection).[4] - In June 2008, the collection of the International Museum of Cartoon Art (more than 200,000 originals with an estimated value of $20 million) was transferred to the Cartoon Library & Museum. Founded in 1973 by cartoonist Mort Walker, the IMCA collection includes a wide variety of original cartoon art (comic strips, comic books, animation, editorial, advertising, sport, caricature, greeting cards, graphic novels, and illustrations), display figures, toys, and collectibles, plus works on film and tape, CDs, and DVDs.[1][5][6] The 2009 exhibition From Yellow Kid to Conan: American Cartoons from the International Museum of Cartoon Art Collection was held at the Cartoon Library and Museum from June to August. - In September 2009, it was announced that the Ohio State University Board of Trustees approved a new name, Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum, in recognition of a $7 million gift from an anonymous donor to support the renovation of Sullivant Hall. The museum was named in honor of William Addison Ireland (1880 – May 29, 1935), a self-taught cartoonist (and native of Chillicothe, Ohio) well known throughout Ohio as Billy Ireland. A native of Chillicothe, Ohio, Billy Ireland was a self-taught cartoonist who was hired by The Columbus Dispatch shortly after his 1898 high school graduation. Until his death, Ireland worked in Columbus for the Dispatch, drawing both editorial cartoons and his Sunday feature, The Passing Show. His work was exhibited by the museum in 2003. - The Milton Caniff Collection consists of 12,000 original artworks by Caniff, 85 boxes of memorabilia, and more than 450 boxes of manuscript materials, fan letters, and business records. - As the museum's collection of original art and manuscripts evolved and expanded, it added the Nick Anderson Collection, the Jim Borgman Collection, the Eldon Dedini Collection, the Edwina Dumm Collection, the Woody Gelman Collection of Winsor McCay cartoons, the Walt Kelly Collection, the collection of agent Toni Mendez, and the Bill Watterson Collection. The Bud Blake Collection includes more than 5,800 of the cartoon panels he drew for King Features Syndicate from 1954 to 1965, plus 10,000 daily and Sunday Tiger originals. Comic-book collections include the Will Eisner Collection; the Jay Kennedy Collection has more than 9,500 underground comic books. - The museum's collection includes work by Anne Mergen, who was the only female editorial cartoonist in the United States for much of her career.[7] - Archival professional records include the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists, National Cartoonists Society, Newspaper Features Council, and the Cartoonists Guild. A biographical registry of cartoonists contains files for more than 5,000 cartoonists and clipping files organized by cartoon-related subjects.[1] - The library sponsors programs related to cartoon art by staging exhibitions, lending for exhibits elsewhere, and hosting speakers, seminars, workshops and conferences. Some physical exhibitions have been made available as digital exhibitions.[1][2] - The Festival of Cartoon Art has been held triennially since 1983. Featuring two days of lectures, panel discussions, exhibitions, and receptions, it attracts cartoonists, comics scholars, fans, collectors, and students. Leading cartoonists have spoken at the festival, including Lynda Barry, Milton Caniff, Will Eisner, Jules Feiffer, Ben Katchor, Patrick Oliphant, Jeff Smith, Art Spiegelman, Garry Trudeau, and Bill Watterson. - Caswell remained as curator from 1977 to 2010. She is author of several books on cartooning, including Illusions: Ethnicity in American Cartoon Art (Ohio State Libraries, 1992) and Arnold Roth: Free Lance (Fantagraphics, 2001). - Jenny E. Robb became the museum's new curator on January 1, 2011, following the December 31, 2010, retirement of Caswell, who returned as curator of special projects in March 2011.[8] Before arriving at Ohio State in 2005, Robb was curator of the Cartoon Art Museum in San Francisco for five years. She has master's degrees in history and museum studies from Syracuse University. Wendy Pflug joined the staff as associate curator in December 2011.[9] Associate Curator and Assistant Professor Caitlin McGurk,[10] who started as a Visiting Curator in February 2012, manages the libraries outreach efforts, including instruction, exhibits, tours, and social media.[11] - Other staffers include Assistant Curators Susan Liberator and Marilyn Scott.[9] - In May 2010, the Ohio State University Press announced Studies in Comics and Cartoons, a series of books edited by Caswell and Jared Gardner, associate professor in the Department of English. Books published in this series will focus on comics and graphic literature with monographs and edited collections covering the history of comics and cartoons from the editorial cartoon and early sequential comics of the 19th century through contemporary international comics and online comics. - In 2017, the Ohio State University Press began publishing Inks, a new journal for the Comics Studies Society.[12] This journal is published triannually, and ""features scholarly research on sequential art, graphic narrative, and cartooning.[13] - Expansion for the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library and Museum included the renovation of historic Sullivant Hall located on High Street adjacent to the Wexner Center for the Arts. The facility increased the library's space from 6,808 square feet (632.5 m2) to more than 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2). It features a reading room for researchers, three museum-quality galleries, and expanded storage space with state-of-the-art environmental and security controls. - In May 2009, Jean Schulz, widow of Charles M. Schulz, made a donation of $1 million with a promise of a matching grant if more funds were raised for the renovations. Her challenge was that she would provide an additional gift of $2.5 million if Ohio State raised the same amount from other sources to reach a $6 million total. Cartoonist Bil Keane and his family answered the Schulz Challenge with a $50,000 gift. - The $20.6 million project was completed in 2013,[14] with Sullivant Hall housing both the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum and Ohio State's Department of Dance. - Select collections have been digitized and are available as part of the library's Digital Exhibits collection.[15] -",2023-08-26 18:53:37 -Bob Forbes Racing - Wikipedia," - Bob Forbes Racing was an Australian motor racing team that competed in the Australian Touring Car Championship between 1988 and 1993. - Bob Forbes Racing was founded in 1988 by former Australian touring car competitor Bob Forbes. A partially completed Perkins Engineering Holden Commodore VL shell was purchased, with the team debuting at the 1988 Bathurst 1000 with Kevin Bartlett and John Harvey driving.[1] - In 1989, the team competed at selected East Coast rounds with Mark Gibbs driving. For the endurance races, Rohan Onslow joined the team with GIO joining as naming rights sponsor at the same time.[2] After competing at most of the East Coast rounds in 1990, a second Commodore VL was entered at the Bathurst 1000 for Bartlett and Russell Ingall.[3] - Gibbs started the 1991 season in a VL, a VN was debuted. Bob Forbes then purchased a Nissan GT-R from Gibson Motorsport. Gibbs and Onslow won the Sandown 500 and finished third at the Bathurst 1000.[4] In 1992 Gibbs competed in all races.[5] - With Gibbs stepping back from full-time driving, Neil Crompton joined the team. The team's Commodore VN was converted to VP specifications to compete in the 1993 season. A new VP was debuted at the Oran Park round.[6] At the end of 1993, the team was sold to Wayne Gardner and became Wayne Gardner Racing.[7][8] - Bob Forbes would later return to the sport, initially as entrant for a Commodore VS for his son Rodney, and later was the owner of 00 Motorsport.[9] -",2023-08-26 18:53:40 -Simplified Tamil script - Wikipedia," - Simplified Tamil script or Reformed Tamil script refers to several governmental reforms to the Tamil script. - In 1978, the Government of Tamil Nadu reformed certain syllables of the modern Tamil script with view to simplify the script.[1] It aimed to standardize non-standard ligatures of ஆ ā, ஒ o, ஓ ō and ஐ ai syllables.[2] These reforms only spread in India and the digital world, whereas Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, Reunion and other Tamil speaking regions continue to use the traditional syllables.[citation needed] - Furthermore, only 13 out of 15 of the proposed simplifications were successful as people continued to use ஐ ai instead of the proposed அய் ay and ஔ au instead of the proposed அவ் av.[3] - Periyar E. V. Ramasamy was one of the people to suggest script reform.[4] A Script Reform Committee was formed in 1947 under Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, while in 1951 the Government of Tamil Nadu accepted its recommendations, it failed to enforce them.[5] He encouraged it on the basis that it allegedly eased typesetting as Periyar was himself a typesetter of his newspapers in early days. Other person who was responsible for helping Periyar was -[1] - This was preceded by many reforms during early 20th century, led by Tamil purist movement, which purged most of the Grantha consonants from the Tamil-Grantha script (except ஜ ja, ஷ sha, ஸ sa, ஹ ha) and standardized the modern Tamil alphabet.[6] -",2023-08-26 18:53:43 -Harry Hooman - Wikipedia," - Harry James Hooman (born 27 April 1991) is an English former footballer who played as a defender. - Hooman came through the youth ranks at Shrewsbury Town and signed his first professional contract with the club at the beginning of the 2009/10 season. He made his Shrewsbury Town debut at the age of only 18 against Northampton Town, playing in Shrewsbury Town's 3–0 win. - In November 2010, then 19-year-old Hooman was loaned to Conference North side Hinckley United to gain further first-team experience and became a regular at Hinckley United during his loan spell at the club.[2] - In July 2011 Hooman signed for Cheltenham Town.[3] Having played 7 times for Cheltenham Town in the 2011–12 season,[4] 21-year-old Hooman signed a new one-year deal with the club in June 2012.[5] - Hooman became a regular in the Cheltenham Town starting line-up towards the start of the 2012–13 season,[4] keeping club captain Steve Elliott out of the side. As a result, Hooman won the club's player of the month award for August 2012[6] and at the time, Cheltenham Town boss Mark Yates described Hooman as ""outstanding"" and said ""he's been a big part of our good start to the season and the shirt is his"".[6] Unfortunately, Hooman suffered a foot injury playing for Cheltenham Town in October 2012 and having undergone surgery on it, remained side-lined for the remainder of the season.[7] - Hooman was released by Cheltenham Town in May 2013.[8] - It was announced that Harry would join Inverness Caledonian Thistle for the start of the 2013–2014 season. Unfortunately, a persistent foot injury flared-up in pre-season training resulting in Hooman being released only days after signing for the club. However, Inverness manager Terry Butcher stated that there may be an opportunity for the player to return in the future.[9] However, he was forced into retirement aged just 23 due to constant injuries. - He graduated from Manchester Metropolitan University in July 2016 with a bachelor's degree in Sports Science.[10] -",2023-08-26 18:53:47 -Great American Conference - Wikipedia,"The Great American Conference (GAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, with headquarters located in Russellville, Arkansas. Athletic competition began play during the 2011–12 school year.[1][2] Its twelve all-sports member schools are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma in the South Central United States. In addition, the conference has four affiliate members in men's soccer, two of which are in Kansas. - The conference's charter members previously competed in the Lone Star Conference (East Central University, Southeastern Oklahoma State University and Southwestern Oklahoma State University) and the Gulf South Conference (Arkansas Tech University, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Harding University, Henderson State University, Ouachita Baptist University and Southern Arkansas University) before forming the GAC in 2010. The new conference is intended to reduce travel costs for its member universities.[3] - On May 11, 2011, the conference invited Northwestern Oklahoma State and Southern Nazarene University to the conference for the 2012–13 academic year. Those universities continued to compete in the Sooner Athletic Conference during the 2011–12 season before joining the conference.[4] - As of July 11, 2014, the NCAA Division II Membership Committee recommended the membership application for Oklahoma Baptist University to set up the move from the NAIA to NCAA Division II and it joined the conference for the 2015–16 season.[5] - The GAC and the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) announced a partnership in June 2018 to combine their men’s tennis and men’s soccer leagues in both sports from the 2019–20 academic year. Under the agreement, the MIAA will organize the tennis league and the GAC will organize the soccer.[6] - The GAC currently has 12 full members, all but four are public schools: - The GAC currently has four affiliate members, all but one are public schools: - The GAC had two former affiliate members, one was a private school and one was a public school. Both affiliate members left the GAC after the 2018–19 school year, as each joined a conference that sponsors the sports that it housed in the GAC. -  Full member (all sports)  - Full member (non-football)  - Associate member (football-only)  - Associate member (sport)  - The GAC sponsors championships in seven men's and eight women's sports. - The male and female scholar-athlete of the year awards are voted upon by the league's faculty athletic representatives or designees. - The male and female athlete of the year awards are voted upon by the league's sports information directors or designees. - The All-Sports Trophy is presented to the athletic department with the highest point total at the end of the athletic year. Points are recorded in all sponsored sports with six or more participants. The regular season standings will determine the points for the sports of baseball, men's basketball, women's basketball, football, women's soccer, softball, women's tennis, and volleyball. The conference championship will determine the points for the sports of men's cross country, women's cross country, men's golf, and women's golf. - The NACDA Learfield Sports Directors' Cup is an annual award given by the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics to the U.S. colleges and universities with the most success in collegiate athletics. - - Total conference postseason championships and football regular season championships won by each school. - Team and individual titles won prior to joining the GAC or by members in sports not sponsored by the GAC. - - - The GAC has a tie-in with the Live United Texarkana Bowl in which the highest non-playoff team will receive an automatic selection to the game. The C.H.A.M.P.S. Heart of Texas Bowl began a Division II game in 2012 with the GAC receiving the at-large selection in each of the first four years of the game. The Corsicana Bowl which began in 2017 has a at-large selection option with the GAC. - East: Harding - East: Arkansas-Monticello - East: Arkansas Tech - -",2023-08-26 18:53:53 -Yashchykove - Wikipedia," - Yashchykove (Ukrainian: Ящикове) is an urban-type settlement in Alchevsk Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine. Population: 1,760 (2022 estimate)[2] - Until 18 July 2020, Yashchykove was located in Perevalsk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast to eight, of which only four were controlled by the government. The area of Perevalsk Raion was merged into Alchevsk Raion.[3][4] However, the area of raion is controlled by the Luhansk People's Republic, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine. - Native language distribution as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:[5] - This article about a location in Luhansk Oblast is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:53:57 -C'est quoi la vie? - Wikipedia,"C'est quoi la vie? is a 1999 French drama film directed by François Dupeyron. The film received two nominations at the César Awards 2000 and won Most Promising Actor for Éric Caravaca. - This article related to a French film of the 1990s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:01 -"Harter Hill (Warren, New York) - Wikipedia","Harter Hill is a summit in the Central New York Region of New York. It is located north of Jordanville, New York in the Town of Warren in Herkimer County. -",2023-08-26 18:54:05 -The Record Guide - Wikipedia," - The Record Guide was an English reference work that listed, described, and evaluated gramophone recordings of classical music in the 1950s. It was a precursor to modern guides such as The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music. - The guide was conceived and written by Edward Sackville-West and the music critic Desmond Shawe-Taylor. Their aim, as set out in the preface to the first edition in 1951, was ""to try to supply a guide-book to the vast available repertory of the gramophone"". The book ran to 763 pages, but nevertheless confined its coverage to records available in Britain in the domestic catalogues up to and including December, 1950. A reviewer wrote of the first edition: ""It is not an encyclopaedia … for the principle of it is selective rather than comprehensive. We cannot, therefore, fairly charge the authors with omissions other than those which are inadvertent. The point is made with subtlety in the introduction. 'Inadvertent omissions there are bound to be, in spite of every effort to avoid them but it should not be assumed by the reader that an unquoted record has been simply overlooked. It is much more likely to have been excluded deliberately.'""[1] - The book considers recordings in alphabetical order of composer. Each composer section begins with an introduction assessing and describing the composer's works, after which the recordings are described and evaluated, using a star system, with two stars as the top rating. Of the introductions, the reviewer of The Gramophone wrote, ""these paragraphs vary from a few lines to a couple of pages (the length being unrelated to the importance of the composer) and anyone unfamiliar with the authors would not have to read far before realising that two exceptionally intelligent musical minds had been at work.""[1] - To the keep the guide current, Sackville-West and Shawe-Taylor produced interim updates, The Record Year in 1952 and 1953. At this time the long playing record was being introduced, but records were also being issued in the old 78 r.p.m. format. By 1955 the number of new releases threatened to overwhelm the authors, who recruited two younger colleagues to help them, Andrew Porter and William Mann. Between them they produced a full new edition of The Record Guide in 1955, running to 957 pages,[2] and a final supplement in 1956. - Four years after the last in the series of The Record Guide was published, three young musical writers emulated its layout and modus operandi in The Stereo Record Guide, which has evolved into The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music -",2023-08-26 18:54:08 -Manuel Pietropoli - Wikipedia,"Manuel Pietropoli (born 30 April 1990 in Desenzano del Garda) is an Italian snowboarder. He competed in the men's halfpipe event at the 2006 Winter Olympics, placing 43rd, and at the 2010 Winter Olympics, placing 39th.[1] - - This biographical article related to snowboarding in Italy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:12 -Philippa's crombec - Wikipedia," - Philippa's crombec (Sylvietta philippae), also known as the short-billed crombec, is a species of African warbler, formerly placed in the family Sylviidae. It is found in Ethiopia and Somalia. Its natural habitat is dry savanna. - The species is about 8 cm, weighing 9-10 g. Its upper parts are greyish in colour, with a thin white supercilium and throat. The lower parts are yellowish. The bill is noticeably short compared to other species of Sylvietta.[2] - - This Macrosphenidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:15 -X-PLOR - Wikipedia,"X-PLOR is a computer software package for computational structural biology originally developed by Axel T. Brunger at Yale University. It was first published in 1987 as an offshoot of CHARMM - a similar program that ran on supercomputers made by Cray Inc. It is used in the fields of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (NMR) analysis.[1] - X-PLOR is a highly sophisticated program that provides an interface between theoretical foundations and experimental data in structural biology, with specific emphasis on X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution of biological macro-molecules. It is intended mainly for researchers and students in the fields of computational chemistry, structural biology, and computational molecular biology. - - This article about molecular modelling software is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This bioinformatics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:19 -Brad Michaleski - Wikipedia," - Brad Michaleski is a Canadian provincial politician, who was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the riding of Dauphin in the 2016 election.[1] He is a member of the Progressive Conservative party. -",2023-08-26 18:54:23 -The Lord's Prayer (Albert Hay Malotte song) - Wikipedia,"""The Lord's Prayer"" is a musical setting of the biblical Lord's Prayer, composed by Albert Hay Malotte in 1935, and recorded by many notable singers. According to his New York Times obituary: ""Mr. Malotte's musical setting of 'The Lord's Prayer' was the first one that achieved popularity, although the prayer had been set to music many times before.""[1] Malotte dedicated the song to baritone John Charles Thomas, whose radio performances introduced it to the public.[2] - Many artists have recorded the song. John Charles Thomas produced the first 78 rpm disc in 1936. Gracie Fields sang the song in the 1943 film Stage Door Canteen. Mario Lanza sang the song in the musical film Because You're Mine (1952), hitting a high B flat.[3] In September 2009, Andrea Bocelli recorded the song with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir for broadcast on a PBS Christmas program.[4] The song was also released on Bocelli's album My Christmas. -",2023-08-26 18:54:26 -Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes - Wikipedia,"The Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes (in German: Saalfelder Feengrotten) are caverns or grottoes of a former mine near Saalfeld, in the German state of Thuringia.[1] - They have long been famous for their countless colorful mineral formations (speleothems) formed over many years by water dripping through relatively soft rock. Since 1993, the Guinness Book of World Records has termed the Feengrotten ""the most colorful cave grottoes in the world"".[2] - The caverns consist of three chambers connected by galleries. In the first chamber, information is presented about the history of the mine — in the 16th to 19th centuries an alum shale mine that was closed in 1850 but opened for sightseeing in 1914.[3] The historical background includes information about environmental radiation treatments formerly offered there until such treatments were found to be hazardous. - In the second chamber is found the source of the mineral-laden water that formed colorful stalagmites, stalactites and other shapes over the centuries. The third chamber contains the famed ""Fairy Kingdom"" (Märchendom), featuring a variegated grouping of deposits that, illuminated by theatrical lights and reflected in a perfectly still pool of water, is thought to resemble miniature castles and other buildings. - Historically, alum was employed in a range of medicinal products, as a food preservative, to clarify water and to finish cloth. However, in the 19th century more effective chemical compounds were developed, and alum ceased to be a profitable mining product. By the 20th century, the Feengrotten had been largely forgotten. But in 1910 the old mine was rediscovered and explorers took note of the fantastic mineral deposits that had accumulated over the geologically short period of three centuries. - In 1913 the third chamber with the ""Fairy Kingdom"" was discovered, and shortly before the outbreak of World War I in 1914 tours began to be offered to the public.[3] At that time a pavilion with café was opened that remained in use in the following decades — including the post-World War II German Democratic Republic, which categorized the Feengrotten as an official Sehenswürdigkeit (point of Interest) of the GDR, open to foreign tourists. Following German unification, the pavilion was renovated beginning in 1998, and new facilities were added. - Between 1914 and 2007, more than 20 million people visited the grottoes, which annually draw an average of 160,000 visitors. -  WikiMiniAtlas50°38′06″N 11°20′29″E / 50.63500°N 11.34139°E / 50.63500; 11.34139 -",2023-08-26 18:54:30 -Oslo Pretenders - Wikipedia,"Oslo Pretenders Sportsklubb (Oslo Pretenders) has been the leading baseball team in Norway since 1991, winning 21 National Championships (NM) and 18 League Titles (NBL). The team has also participated in the European Cup every year between 2001-2010.[1] - The club has in recent years expanded with a basketball team and a disc golf team. - This article about a Norwegian sports club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a baseball team in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:34 -Maglene - Wikipedia,"Maglene is a village in Kirkovo Municipality, Kardzhali Province, southern Bulgaria.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas41°25′00″N 25°16′00″E / 41.4167°N 25.2667°E / 41.4167; 25.2667 - This Kardzhali Province, Bulgaria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:37 -Phased array ultrasonics - Wikipedia,"Phased array ultrasonics (PA) is an advanced method of ultrasonic testing that has applications in medical imaging and industrial nondestructive testing. Common applications are to noninvasively examine the heart or to find flaws in manufactured materials such as welds. Single-element (non-phased array) probes, known technically as monolithic probes, emit a beam in a fixed direction. To test or interrogate a large volume of material, a conventional probe must be physically scanned (moved or turned) to sweep the beam through the area of interest. In contrast, the beam from a phased array probe can be focused and swept electronically without moving the probe. The beam is controllable because a phased array probe is made up of multiple small elements, each of which can be pulsed individually at a computer-calculated timing. The term phased refers to the timing, and the term array refers to the multiple elements. Phased array ultrasonic testing is based on principles of wave physics, which also have applications in fields such as optics and electromagnetic antennae. - The PA probe consists of many small ultrasonic transducers, each of which can be pulsed independently. By varying the timing, for instance by making the pulse from each transducer progressively delayed going up the line, a pattern of constructive interference is set up that results in radiating a quasi-plane ultrasonic beam at a set angle depending on the progressive time delay. In other words, by changing the progressive time delay the beam can be steered electronically. It can be swept like a search-light through the tissue or object being examined, and the data from multiple beams are put together to make a visual image showing a slice through the object. - Phased array is widely used for nondestructive testing (NDT) in several industrial sectors, such as construction, pipelines, and power generation. This method is an advanced NDT method that is used to detect discontinuities i.e. cracks or flaws and thereby determine component quality. Due to the possibility to control parameters such as beam angle and focal distance, this method is very efficient regarding the defect detection and speed of testing.[1] Apart from detecting flaws in components, phased array can also be used for wall thickness measurements in conjunction with corrosion testing.[2][3] -Phased array can be used for the following industrial purposes: -",2023-08-26 18:54:40 -Eptatretus hexatrema - Wikipedia," - Eptatretus hexatrema, the sixgill hagfish or snotslang, is a species of marine fish in the hagfish family (family Myxinidae) of order Myxiniformes. It is native to the South Atlantic Ocean and southwestern Indian Ocean. - Southeast Atlantic: known only from Walvis Bay, Namibia to Durban, South Africa[3] - Maximum recorded length 80.0 cm. Depth of body 15 times total length. Six gill openings. Colour slaty grey. Egg cases ovoid about 30mm long by 12mm wide with anchor filaments at each end.[4] Eel shaped, with six barbels on the head around the mouth. Epatches form white spots under the skin. Two rows of slime pores under the body.[5] No paired fins, mouth has no jaws but has two protrusible rows of horny teeth.[6] - Non-migratory marine demersal. Depth range 10 – 400 m, usually found between 10 and 45 m. Commonly burrows in muddy bottoms. Feeds mostly by scavenging on dead or disabled fish. Secretes large quantities of slime when provoked.[6] - No commercial value, considered a pest by fishermen. - Least concern - Etymology: Eptatretus: Greek, epta = seven + Greek, tretos = with holes. hexatrema: ? -. - Common names: sixgill hagfish, snotslang - Synonyms: Bdellostoma hexatrema Müller, 1836. Heptatretus hexatrema (Müller, 1836)[7] - Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). ""Eptatretus hexatrema"" in FishBase. March 2014 version. - ""Eptatretus hexatrema"". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 19 March 2014. -",2023-08-26 18:54:44 -Woodcote - Wikipedia," - Woodcote is a village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, about 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Wallingford and about 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Reading, Berkshire. It is in the Chiltern Hills, and the highest part of the village is 600 feet (180 m) above sea level. Woodcote lies between the Goring Road and the A4074. It is centred on the village green and Church Farm, with the village hall centred on the crossroads. - Prehistoric artefacts have been found in the area, including a polished hand-axe from about 3000 BC found in the nearby hamlet of Exlade Street and on show in Reading Museum[2] and a 28 cm carved stone head Romano-Celtic, probably 1st–2nd century, with typical protruding eyes, exaggerated lips and flattened nose. The folds of skin on the neck and musculature at the back of the head have been carefully detailed. It is of white oolite limestone, and was found at Wayside Green, Woodcote, and is now in Reading Museum (Ref 401-78).[3] - The toponym Woodcote means ""cottage in the wood"".[4] Woodcote was first documented in 1109, when it was a dependent settlement of South Stoke, which in turn was a possession of Eynsham Abbey.[5][6] At the time of the Hundred Rolls in 1279, Woodcote had 14 freeholders and 20 tenants.[5] Woodcote's population grew thereafter but then declined, perhaps as a result of the Black Death.[4] In 1366 as a result of depopulation 15 virgates of land at Woodcote were vacant.[4] Woodcote Manor may date from the 12th century.[4] In 1550 it was called Rawlins Manor.[4] There is a Jacobean barn in the grounds of Woodcote House. Woodcote House itself is a Georgian country house built in 1733. It was remodelled by the architect Detmar Blow in 1910. Since 1942 it has been the premises of The Oratory School, a Roman Catholic day and boarding independent school.[7] - Woodcote used to hold an annual sheep fair on the first Monday after St Leonard's Day (6 November).[4] The earliest known record of it is from early in the 18th century, but the link with the feast day of the parish's patron saint suggests the fair may have begun in the Middle Ages.[4] The fair was still being held in 1852.[4] Woodcote farmed largely on an open field system with five open fields until 1853, when an Act of Parliament enabled an enclosure award for South Stoke and Woodcote.[4] Woodcote provided the common pasture for the whole of South Stoke parish, while South Stoke beside the River Thames provided most of the parish's hay meadow.[4] In the 20th century Woodcote outgrew South Stoke.[4] By 1920 most residents worked outside the parish, many commuting to either Reading or a RAF station at Goring Heath.[4] Woodcote won the Oxfordshire Village of the Year title for 2008.[8] - By 1406 the parish of St. Andrew, South Stoke had at Woodcote a dependent chapel that served both Woodcote and Exlade Street.[4] The chapel was dedicated to St. Leonard and there is a record from 1467 of John Chadworth, Bishop of Lincoln, issuing a licence for services at it.[4] Architectural evidence suggests that the chapel, which had an apsidal chancel, was much older and probably dated from the 12th century.[4] In 1845–46 St. Leonard's was rebuilt to the designs of the Gothic Revival architect H.J. Underwood.[4][7] Of the original building little survives except the outer flintwork of the chancel walls.[4][7] St. Leonard's parish is now a member of The Langtree Team Ministry: a Church of England benefice that also includes the parishes of Checkendon, Ipsden, North Stoke, Stoke Row and Whitchurch-on-Thames.[9] Woodcote also has Roman Catholic[10] and Methodist churches. - The people of Woodcote and Exlade Street could not afford to pay a priest to serve at the chapel, and in 1597 it was recorded that the vicar of South Stoke held services at St. Leonard's only on Christmas Day, Easter Day and a few other days each year.[4] Some worshippers travelled 3 miles (4.8 km) each way to South Stoke to go to church, but most preferred to travel less than 1 mile (1.6 km) to Saints' Peter and Paul in the adjacent parish of Checkendon.[4] The law obliged everyone to worship in their own parishes, so since 1595 the Rector of Checkendon had prosecuted people from Exlade Street and Woodcote in the local archdeacon's court for coming to his church.[4] In response the faithful of Exlade Street and Woodcote petitioned John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury for permission to worship at Checkendon.[4] Whitgift granted the request, so long as they continued to attend their parish church in South Stoke four times a year.[4] In 1653 the faithful of Woodcote and Exlade Street petitioned for St. Leonard's to be made a separate parish, but their request was not granted.[4] - Langtree School,[11] The Oratory School and Woodcote Primary School[12] are all in the village. Langtree School is a comprehensive school and recently became a DfES Specialist Performing Arts College. Woodcote Breakfast Club[13] is based in Langtree School and Woodcote After School Club[14] is based in the primary school. There are two pre-schools. The Cabin pre-school was founded by Mrs Rose Hunt in 1974. It had two previous homes until in 1986, when Mrs Bella Saunders, the Chairperson at the time, along with the Management Committee began raising funds for a new building. £10,000 was raised in just twelve months. The current building was installed in 1987 during the Christmas holidays within the grounds of Langtree School. In September 1996, the name was changed from The Cabin Playschool to The Cabin Pre-School.[15] - Woodcote has two shops – Londis and Co-op – and two pubs, The Red Lion and The Black Lion. The village post office closed in 2017. There is a children's playground built in October 2006[citation needed] beside the main village green, which is next to the village hall.[16] A basketball net is also available. Woodcote has a Women's Institute[17] and a Goring and Woodcote Lions Club.[18] Woodcote is surrounded in many parts by woodland. There are many country footpaths in the area. - Woodcote / Stoke Row Football Club currently has three teams. The First team plays in Premier Division of the Thames Valley League; the Reserve team plays in the Thames Valley League Division Two, and the Youth team plays in the South Chiltern Minor League Division One. The First Team manager is Jim Pearson. Home kit colours are black and white stripes. The away kit is red and white. Woodcote Cricket Club currently plays in the Berkshire Cricket League Premier Division. - Each year Woodcote hosts a steam, vintage and veteran transport[19] and real ale festival,[20] the proceeds of which are donated to local charities and organisations, and over the years has raised more than £450,000. The rally includes a funfair. - Media related to Woodcote, Oxfordshire at Wikimedia Commons -",2023-08-26 18:54:47 -Erčege - Wikipedia,"Erčege is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 149 inhabitants.[1] -  WikiMiniAtlas43°22′34″N 20°09′14″E / 43.37611°N 20.15389°E / 43.37611; 20.15389 - This Moravica District, Serbia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:51 -Dasypeltis congolensis - Wikipedia," - Dasypeltis congolensis is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is found in the Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Angola, and Zambia.[1] - -",2023-08-26 18:54:54 -"Seč, Kočevje - Wikipedia","Seč (pronounced [ˈseːtʃ]; German: Setsch[2][3]) is an abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. It was a village inhabited by Gottschee Germans. In 1941, during the Second World War its original population was expelled. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.[4] - The local church is dedicated to Saint Agnes (Slovene: sveta Neža) and was built in 1837. Its interior furnishings were destroyed after the Second World War. It was restored in the early 1980s.[5] - - This article about the Municipality of Kočevje in Slovenia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:54:59 -2014 MNL-2 - Wikipedia," - The 2014 MNL-2 New Holland League is the second edition of MNL-2. The first round of the season began on 1 February and ended on 28 March. -The schedule for the second round will be released after completion of the first round. The two guest teams taking part in MNL-2 will not be qualified to either MNL or MFF Cup. - The 2014 MNL-2 season will have 10 teams playing for promotion to the Myanmar National League. The teams are:- - Matches are planned to play in Salin Stadium and Padonmar Stadium with a League cup format. - As of Week-6 -",2023-08-26 18:55:02 -2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona - Wikipedia," - Republican - Democratic - - The 2002 congressional elections in Arizona were elections for Arizona's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred along with congressional elections nationwide on November 5, 2002. Arizona has eight seats, as apportioned during the 2000 United States Census and thus gaining two since the previous election. Democrats and Republicans each gained a seat as result, with Republicans having six seats and Democrats having two seats. -",2023-08-26 18:55:06 -Sor Ye Ye - Wikipedia,"Sor Ye Ye is a 1968 musical film. The movie is a co-production between Spain and Mexico, starring Hilda Aguirre, Manuel Gil and Enrique Guzmán. The movie is loosely based on the novel La hermana San Sulpicio. - María (Hilda Aguirre) is a young orphan woman who lives with her wealthy aunt (Margot Cottens). María enjoys singing in a nightclub with her friends, who have a rock band called ""Los Yakis Voladores"". Her friend Ernesto (Enrique Guzmán) is in love with her but she doesn't think she feels the same. In fact, her many existential questions and a strange emptiness she feels in her life suddenly compel her to enter a convent as a novice. This breaks Ernesto's heart and she isn't the best fit for a convent with her happy, open, rebellious nature. The headmistress tries to lead her in the right direction by chastising her. The convent is also a children's hospital and Maria meets a doctor (Manuel Gil) with whom she has a personality clash although they develop a mutual liking and respect. - Meanwhile, the convent is going through financial difficulties and the nuns must deny themselves food so all the children will have enough. They also need money to get a blind child an operation and to prevent the closure of the convent itself. Maria goes to her aunt to ask for a ""voluntary"" donation, but her aunt furiously sends her away. After asking permission from the Mother Superior and the bishop, Maria decides to compete in the Sanremo Music Festival, thinking that the first-prize purse will be enough to save the convent forever. But Ernesto will be among her competitors. Meanwhile, is she really meant to be a nun, or does she have a future with that doctor? - At the time of release, Hilda Aguirre was introduced as the film's sole star and as the song performer. But her singing was dubbed by the then-unknown Estela Núñez, who was forbidden to reveal that she was the singer; she was also forbidden to sing the songs in public. A few years later she rose to stardom in Mexico, and Enrique Guzmán revealed in an interview that Estela Núñez was the real singer in the film.[1] - - This article related to a Mexican film of the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:10 -Thanyavong Savang - Wikipedia,"Prince Thanyavong Savang (Lao: ເຈົ້າທັນວົງ ສະຫວ່າງ, born 17 April 1964) is a surviving member of the now deposed royal family of the Kingdom of Laos. He was born at the Royal Palace, Luang Prabang, Laos. His father is Crown Prince Vong Savang[1] and his mother is Princess Mahneelai. - In 1981, he escaped from Luanprabang to Vientiane then to Thailand with his older brother Crown Prince Soulivong Savang, arriving in France as political refugees.[citation needed] - He is currently exiled and living in Florida, USA, and is active in Lao communities abroad to help preserve and promote Lao culture.[citation needed] - - This biography of a member of a Laotian royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:13 -Smines Bridge - Wikipedia,"The Smines Bridge (Norwegian: Sminesbrua) is a cantilever bridge in the southern part of the municipality of Namsos in Trøndelag county, Norway. The bridge is 152.5 metres (500 ft) long and has a main span of 85 metres (279 ft). Together with the Hestøy Bridge, they form a link over the Fjærangen fjord connecting the village of Lund to the rest of the municipality.[1] - - This Trøndelag location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a bridge in Norway is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:18 -Ostrowieczko - Wikipedia,"Ostrowieczko [ɔstrɔˈvjɛt͡ʂkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dolsk, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Dolsk, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Śrem, and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań. - - This Śrem County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:21 -Jim-Patrick Müller - Wikipedia,"Jim-Patrick Müller (born 4 August 1989) is a German professional footballer who plays for DJK Vilzing.[1] - Müller's father, Bernd Müller, and grandfather, Heini Müller, were also footballers. - Müller made his professional debut for SSV Jahn Regensburg in the opening fixture of the 2011–12 3. Liga season at home to SV Babelsberg 03.[2] - - This biographical article related to association football in Germany, about a midfielder born in the 1980s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:24 -"Skagit City, Washington - Wikipedia"," - Skagit City was a town on the western bank of the South Fork Skagit River, less than a mile southeast of where the river forks north and south, in the U.S. state of Washington.[1] The Barker's Trading Post along the river, opened in 1869, was partially or fully responsible for drawing people to settle at the townsite, which became an important river transportation center during the late 1800s, most notably in 1872. The city prospered until shortly before the 1880s, after river access to the upstream community of Mount Vernon, Washington was established and Mount Vernon began to prosper. By 1906, only one business remained in the entire town, and soon after World War II the town disappeared entirely. Today, the unincorporated community of Cedardale is the closest community to the former townsite at 2.4 miles (3.9 km) distance, and the name ""Skagit City"" has become simply a placename on the northeastern tip of Fir Island near where two distributaries diverge and carry Skagit River water into Skagit Bay, which branches off the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Skagit City is sometimes confused with the nearby tiny hamlet of Skagit Forks, which was just to the northwest at the divergence of the North and South Forks of the Skagit River. The town played an integral part in the settlement of Skagit County.[2] - The first white settlement in the Skagit River forks area was in 1868, when a small trading post was established there by a man named John Campbell. The Barker's Trading Post, established by John Barker in 1869, was a trading post near the divergence of the Skagit River into two distributaries named the North Fork and the South Fork. While the South Fork was navigable, the North Fork was the smaller channel that flowed into marshes, estuaries, and sloughs in the northern part of the delta of the Skagit River. Two huge logjams, which often included tree trunks longer than 100 feet (30 m), a short distance upriver impeded navigation further upstream, which diverted water traffic to the trading post rather than to upstream communities. This series of logjams was later destroyed, allowing ships to travel further upstream, which also spelled the end for Skagit City.[3] - Shortly after the settlement of the region began, the first noted murder in the region also occurred, at a point between late 1869 and early 1870. It was said that a group of Native Americans had set up camp on the bank of the North Fork Skagit River directly across from the fledgling town. The only one killed was John Barker, and initial suspicions led to the hanging of two Indians. Later investigations led to suspicion of a nearby resident, Quimby Clark, who fled the area before he could be questioned. Eventually, it was determined that ""the store showed plainly that the robbery and murder had been committed by a white man, for things which Indians would have taken were left and those which a white man would have taken were gone.""[2] - Notably, Campbell (as previously mentioned the founder of the first trading post along the Skagit forks) once journeyed upriver along the Skagit on an 1874 canoe trip. It was said that one night, he had ""slipped off"" into the forest across the river. His disappearance went unnoticed until the whole party was awakened by ""piercing blood-curling shrieks"", and it was later discovered that it was in fact Campbell himself, ""shrieking over and over the name of a local Skagit River Indian, 'Ted-auh-an'."" The owner of the LaConner hotel, John P. McGlinn, was known to later say that the incidence was a case of ""religious dementia"". They did not continue upriver, and Campbell was tricked into returning to Skagit City by a false letter by James O'Loughlin, the owner of a tin shop in the settlement.[2] - In and around its roughly 1872 economic peak, Skagit City provided a sheltered harbor for sternwheelers on trade routes stemming from the city of Seattle and running to smaller settlements in the southern Puget Sound. The 100-foot (30 m) sternwheeler Fanny Lake, which played a key part in the settlement of the Skagit Forks area, as well as Skagit City and the nearby town of LaConner, was the first ship to begin this route, though different sources cite this ship as being either launched in 1874 or having begun the route in 1874, having previously served on different Northwest routes.[4] The ship sank on May 21, 1883, when it hit a riffle in the Skagit River locally known as ""Dead Man's Riffle"". Although its superstructure was destroyed in the collision, it was refloated in 1889 by Joshua Green and partners, who had founded the La Conner Trading and Transportation Company. Over the next decade, Fanny Lake was responsible for the rapid growth and settlement of the Skagit Forks.[5] - ...the wonderfully rapid development of the resources of the river in all its business interests; to say nothing of its extraordinary rapid increase in population, caused by the great number of new settlers, coming into the valley for homes on each trip of the Fanny Lake [Sternwheeler].[2] - -The Skagit River Journal, circa 1877 - The town was said to be a typical ""river town""; a long, narrow settled area stretching along a levee along the Skagit River. Businesses were built facing the river, in a row running along the levee road facing the river. A ferry and many other boats would dock in the extensive harbor of Skagit City, which occupied a wide and deep river channel. At its height, the city had many public buildings among its shops and houses, which included a church, hotels, a school, and a saloon.[6] The aforementioned Fanny Lake was also used for transportation of grains and hay in the Skagit Forks area. In 1893, the Fanny Lake was destroyed for the second and final time when it caught fire and sank in Sullivan Slough.[7] - The decline of the town of Skagit City began in the 1870s when the two logjams clogging the Skagit River and blocking traffic upstream of the Skagit Forks were removed. The removal of the logs allowed the upstream community of Mount Vernon, Washington to prosper, while Skagit City gradually lost its residents and businesses. The demolition of the logjam, known as the Skagit Jam, began in the fall of 1874 when General Michler of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers studied the possibility of opening a channel through the logjam. The jams, which covered roughly 2 miles (3.2 km) of the river, ranged in width from 1,000 feet (300 m) in the upper jam to 500 feet (150 m) in the lower jam. There were also a series of obstacles, presumably including sandbars, submerged rocks, and others, laid out between the two logjams.[3] - ...the lower jam, a channel had to be cut one-fourth of a mile long, through logs wedged in as tightly as possibly for water to wedge them, from the bottom of the river to the surface, and many 20 feet above the surface, and from bank to bank; with mud and sand in many places on the surface of the jam ten feet deep, and trees growing on it ten inches in diameter. They had to slash and [unreadable] the forest of young trees on the jam, before they could commence sawing and getting out he logs and rubbish of the jam proper. - Then when all the logs on the surface were sawed off and rolled into the water some six successive layers would rise to the surface that had to be treated in a similar manner. In this way a channel one hundred and fifty to two hundred feet wide was cut through solid mass of logs averaging from 30 to 40 feet high for one-fourth of a mile long. This part of the work, the removal of the lower jam, was finished in September 1876, since which time the town of Mt. Vernon and several logging camps have sprung into existence above it. -Between the main jams were sufficient obstacles to require nearly one quarter of a mile of cutting before the upper jam was really reached; this took until March 1877. This part left in a body, blocking up the courses of the river, so that steamers could not enter until it was removed, which took about two months of their time. -Work on the upper jam was commenced in May 1877. In clearing the lower river, five or six men had been employed for a short time so as to interfere as little as possible with its navigation. That is nearly all the extra help ever employed.[8] - -Eldridge Morse, The Northern Star, 12 June 1878 - Throughout 1877, floods on the Skagit River tearing through the newly excavated channels carried away more and more logs from the slowly dissipating jams.[9] By late 1877, the logjam blocking the mouth of the Skagit River had been entirely destroyed.[9] - The clearing of the logjams led to the increased settlement of Mount Vernon, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) upstream of Skagit City. It was said that ""the older town gradually began to decline, losing its business houses to Mount Vernon one by one.""[2] The town slowly faded in importance until, by 1906, only one business remained—a two-story general store owned by Daniel E. Gage, which stayed in business until the early 1910s.[2] - Although the town of Skagit City faded in importance as the upriver towns of Mount Vernon and others grew, there was a large influx of settlers to the northern tip of Fir Island in the 1880s and a school in that area became necessary by 1888. Before the old Skagit City school was erected, students had walked to the school in the Fir district to the south or to the Wilbur School on the farm of John Wilbur, or they crossed the river to the Kelly School, named for the pioneer R.L. Kelly and located upslope from the eastern shore of the river on the Peter Egtvet farm. - After the floodwaters of 1887 damaged the Kelly school, the new Skagit County created School District 3 on the east side of the river and Skagit City District 57 School was erected in 1888 on the near present-day Stackpole Road on higher ground a little north of the Kelly School. The new school was close enough to the water that it was undermined by floodwaters in 1901. This led the families to choose a 1/2-acre location on the Knute Lange farm (later known as the Vernal Lee farm) on higher ground west and away from the South Fork. The old Skagit City School still stands there today at 1552 Moore Road; it served the area from 1902-1940 and Ronald Holttum bought the building and property in 1943.[10][11] - Download coordinates as: - Media related to Fir Island (Washington) at Wikimedia Commons -  WikiMiniAtlas48°23′00″N 122°21′47″W / 48.38333°N 122.36306°W / 48.38333; -122.36306 -",2023-08-26 18:55:28 -Left Liberation Front - Wikipedia,"The Left Liberation Front is a far-left electoral coalition in Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1998 as the New Left Front by the Nava Sama Samaja Party, former members of the People's Alliance, and the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. - The alliance has changed its name twice from the New Left Front: firstly to Left Front and secondly to Left Liberation Front in early 2010. - Its current members are: - In the 2005 Sri Lankan presidential election, the New Left Front's candidate Chamil Jayaneththi came sixth of thirteen, with 9,296 votes. -",2023-08-26 18:55:31 -Deb Miller - Wikipedia,"Debra L. ""Deb"" Miller was the vice chair of the Surface Transportation Board. She previously served as the Kansas Secretary of Transportation under three successive Governors of Kansas between 2003 and 2011. She is Kansas' first female and longest-serving secretary of transportation. - After her tenure, she joined transportation policy firm Cambridge Systematics, Inc. as a senior consultant in January 2012.[1] She was nominated to the Surface Transportation Board by President Barack Obama on September 25, 2013, and confirmed by the United States Senate on April 9, 2014. Her term expired on December 31, 2017. - Miller was born on December 25, 1956, in Parsons, Kansas. She graduated magna cum laude from Kansas State University in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science degree in sociology.[2] - Prior to her appointment as secretary, she was a consultant at HNTB. In addition, she served as director of KDOT's Division of Planning and Development, as a special assistant to the Secretary of Transportation, and as a policy advisor to the Governor of Kansas. - Miller was appointed by Governor Kathleen Sebelius, as the first woman to lead KDOT and its more than 3,200 employees. During her tenure, Kansas passed T‑WORKS, an $8 billion, 10-year transportation program meant to create jobs throughout Kansas by funding highway preservation and capacity improvements, continuing the focus on safety improvements, and increasing investments in aviation, rail, and public transportation. - Governor Sam Brownback retained Miller as Secretary of Transportation in his administration until her departure in 2011. - On September 25, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Miller to fill the vacancy of Francis P. Mulvey on the Surface Transportation Board, an agency tasked with resolving railroad rate and service disputes. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 9, 2014. Miller was sworn in on April 28 as the 12th member of the board since its creation in 1996. From January 7, 2016, she served as vice chair of the board. Her term expired on December 31, 2017. -",2023-08-26 18:55:35 -Howe Sounds/Taking Abalonia - Wikipedia,"Howe Sounds/Taking Abalonia is a re-release of Said the Whale's debut album Taking Abalonia along with seven new songs. The album was re-released on June 3, 2008 in Canada and soon after on iTunes. - All songs written by Bancroft and Worcester. - On Howe Sounds (Tracks 1-7): - On Taking Abalonia (Tracks 8-15): -",2023-08-26 18:55:38 -"Ash, Oregon - Wikipedia"," -Ash is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Oregon, United States, south of Loon Lake in the Southern Oregon Coast Range.[1] The community is also referred to as Ash Valley.[2] - Ash had a post office established in 1894, named for the Ash trees in the area.[3] The first postmaster, Charles L. Parker, suggested ""Ash"" when the Post Office Department requested a short name.[3] The post office was closed in 1934.[3] - Ash Valley's economy is based primarily on logging and agriculture.[2] The closest town is Scottsburg, 21 miles northeast, but Ash Valley residents rely on Reedsport, 27 miles northwest on the Oregon Coast, to obtain goods and services.[2] In 1915, Ash had a cheese factory and a sawmill.[4] - Ash Valley school was closed in 1994; students attend the public schools in Reedsport.[2] -  WikiMiniAtlas43°33′08″N 123°49′18″W / 43.5523387°N 123.8217660°W / 43.5523387; -123.8217660 - - This Douglas County, Oregon state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:42 -Ollie Hanson - Wikipedia,"Earl Sylvester ""Ollie"" Hanson (January 19, 1896 – August 19, 1951) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the Chicago Cubs in 1921. - - This biographical article relating to an American baseball pitcher born in the 1890s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:55:46 -Motty - Wikipedia," - Motty (11 July – 21 July 1978) was the only proven hybrid between an Asian and an African elephant. The male calf was born in Chester Zoo, to Asian mother Sheba and African father Jumbolino.[1] He was named after George Mottershead, who founded the Chester Zoo in 1931. - Motty's head and ears were morphologically like Loxodonta (African), while the toenail numbers, with 5 on the front feet and 4 on the hind were that of Elephas (Asian). The trunk had a single trunk finger as seen in Elephas but the trunk length was more similar to Loxodonta. His vertebral column showed an Loxodonta profile above the shoulders transitioning to the convex hump profile of Elephas below the shoulders.[2] - Due to being born 6 weeks early, Motty was considered underweight by 27 kg (60 lb). Despite intensive human care, Motty died of an umbilical infection[3] 10 days after his birth on 21 July. The necropsy revealed death to be due to necrotizing enterocolitis and E. coli septicaemia present in both his colon and the umbilical cord.[2] - His body was preserved by a private company, and is a mounted specimen at the Natural History Museum in London.[4] - The straight-tusked elephant, an extinct elephant whose closest extant relative is the African forest elephant, interbred with the Asian elephant, as recovered DNA has shown.[5] - Although the Asian elephant Elephas maximus and the African elephant Loxodonta africana belong to different genera, they share the same number of chromosomes, thus making hybridisation possible.[citation needed] -",2023-08-26 18:55:49 -The Blackfly Song - Wikipedia,"""The Blackfly Song"" is a song by Wade Hemsworth, written in 1949, about being tormented by black flies while working in the wilds of Northern Ontario. It is an enduring classic of Canadian folk music, covered by a variety of other artists. A new version of the song (with accompanying vocals by Kate & Anna McGarrigle) which had a completely different tempo than the original, was made into an animated short film entitled Blackfly by Christopher Hinton and the National Film Board in 1991, and was nominated for Best Animated Short Film at the 64th Academy Awards,[1] and for Best Animated Short at the 13th Genie Awards,[2] in 1992. - Although Hemsworth had stated he wrote the song while in Labrador,[3] the song talks about the experiences he had while accompanying a Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario crew surveying the Little Abitibi River to the determine the feasibility of erecting a dam,[4][5] the Abitibi Canyon Generating Station. He also mentioned ""I wasn't with Black Toby … that was another expedition. I was writing a song; I wasn't writing literature.""[3] - It has been described as a ""breakneck romp"", characterized by a lively pace, though the first and last verses are reflective and slower. In addition, the verses for the most part hold an upbeat key, coming into contact with the abrasive chorus. Hemsworth provided a folksy tone and Canadian raising, and added some unique touches. To illustrate resentment for the flies, he places heavy emphasis on ""black"" in the words ""black fly"", but arguably the most distinct part of the song is where the word ""Ontario"" is stretched to ""On-terr-eye-oh-eye-oh"" (a pronunciation also used at times by other artists, such as Alan Mills and Stan Rogers). - First Verse - 'Twas early in the spring when I decided to go -To work up in the woods in North Ontario -And the unemployment office said they'd send me through -To the Little Abitibi with the survey crew - Chorus - And the black flies, the little black flies -Always the black fly no matter where you go -I'll die with the black fly a-pickin' my bones - -In North Ontar-eye-o-eye-o, In North Ontar-eye-o",2023-08-26 18:55:53 -Jean-Joseph-Léandre Bargès - Wikipedia,"Abbe Jean-Joseph-Léandre Bargès, (born in Auriol, Bouches-du-Rhône, February 27, 1810 - December 31, 1896) was a French orientalist. - In 1834 Barges was officially appointed as a priest and became an Arabic teacher at Marseille in 1837. From 1842 to 1885 Barges was professor of Arabic at the Theological Academy in Paris. - Barges focused on the study of the Qarawiyyin medieval scholars, publishing commentaries in Arabic from Yaft bin Ali, interpreted various psalms (1861) and later reviewed Nasyid al-Anasyid (1884). Barges also published a treatise of Judah ibn Kuraish, on the study of the emergence of Hebrew.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:55:56 -Zero Wing - Wikipedia," - Zero Wing[a] is a 1989 side-scrolling shooter arcade video game developed by Toaplan and originally published in Japan by Namco and in North America by Williams Electronics.[1] Controlling the ZIG space fighter craft, players assume the role of protagonist Trent in a last-ditch effort to overthrow the alien cyborg CATS. It was the eighth shoot 'em up game from Toaplan, and their fourteenth video game overall. - Headed by development chief Toshiaki Ōta, Zero Wing was created by most of the same team that previously worked on several projects at Toaplan, initially starting as a project not intended for commercial release but to train new recruits before being ultimately released to the market. Although first launched in arcades, the game was later ported to other platforms, each one featuring several changes or additions compared with the original version. - Zero Wing enjoyed a degree of success in arcades and its home conversions were met with mostly positive reception from critics. The European Sega Mega Drive version later gained renewed popularity due to the ""All your base are belong to us"" internet meme, which plays off the badly translated introductory cutscene in Engrish. The rights to the title are owned by Tatsujin, a Japanese company formed by Masahiro Yuge. The Mega Drive version was later released in North America by independent publisher Retro-Bit in 2020. - Zero Wing is a science fiction-themed side-scrolling shooter similar to Hellfire, where players assume the role of Trent taking control of the ZIG space fighter craft through eight increasingly difficult levels, each with a boss at the end that must be fought before progressing any further, in a last-ditch effort to overthrow the alien cyborg CATS as the main objective.[4][5][6][7][8] As far as side-scrolling shooters go, the title initially appears to be very standard, as players control their craft over a constantly scrolling background and the scenery never stops moving until the stage boss is reached.[5][7] - A unique gameplay feature is the ""Seizer Beam"" system;[4][5][6][7][8] During gameplay, players can grab certain enemies and hold them as shield against enemy fire or launch them against enemies. There are three types of weapons in the game that can be switched between after destroying incoming carriers by picking up a color-changing item ranging from the ""Red Cannon"" shot, the ""Blue Laser"" and the ""Green Homing"" missiles.[4][5][6][7][8] Each weapon can be upgraded by picking up an item of the same color.[4] Other items can also be grabbed along the way such as speed increasers, 1UPs and a bomb module capable of obliterating any enemy caught within its blast radius that can also be triggered after taking enemy hits.[4][5][6][7][8] - Depending on the settings in the arcade version, the title uses either a checkpoint system in which a downed single player will start off at the beginning of the checkpoint they managed to reach before dying, or a respawn system where their ship immediately starts at the location they died at.[7] Getting hit by enemy fire or colliding against solid stage obstacles will result in losing a life, as well as a penalty of decreasing the ship's firepower and speed to his original state and once all lives are lost, the game is over unless the players insert more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing. The game loops back to the first stage after completing the last stage as with previous titles from Toaplan, with each one increasing the difficulty and enemies fire denser bullet patterns as well as spawning extra bullets when destroyed. - The backstory of Zero Wing varies between each version,[5][6][7][8] but the plot within the game itself remains consistent. Set in 2101, the game follows the signing of a peace treaty between the United Nations (also translated as the Milky Way Federation) and CATS, an alien cyborg who is described either as a dictator or a space pirate depending on the translation. However, CATS breaks the covenant and takes control of the Japanese/Federation space colonies. The protagonist Trent leads a ZIG space craft, which had managed to escape from the mothership destroyed by CATS, with the aim to defeat enemy forces, avenge the mothership and its crew and liberate the Earth. - Zero Wing was created by most of the same team that previously worked on several projects at Toaplan, with members of the development staff recounting its history through various Japanese publications. Toshiaki Ōta was at the helm as development chief and also served as programmer alongside Hiroaki Furukawa and Tatsuya Uemura.[9][10] Uemura also acted as composer along with Masahiro Yuge and Toshiaki Tomizawa.[9][10][11][12] Artists Miho Hayashi, Naoki Ogiwara and Shintarō Nakaoka created the artwork while Sanae Nitō and Yuko Tataka served as character designers.[10][13] - Uemura stated that Zero Wing originally started as a project not intended for commercial launch to train new recruits at Toaplan, handling training for new hires while using his work and engine from Hellfire before ultimately deciding with releasing the game to the market, which made it a more practical learning experience for the new developers.[9][14][15][16][17][18] However, Uemura felt that both stage design and characters were ""cobbled together"", leading the game's world being ""kind of a mess"" and he also stated the project turned into a ""battle royale"", as staff from both Hellfire and Truxton were mixed with the new recruits.[9][15] Sound also proved to be very divisive as Uemura, Yuge and Tomizawa wrote several songs for the game with their own individual styles, though Uemura claimed this was due to dividing the work, while Yuge stated he would go to rest and drink after being stuck when composing for the title during work hours.[9][11][12][15] Due to being a training project, Uemura stated the team had freedom to ""just fool around"" and several features were integrated into the title such as warps, which was taken from Slap Fight.[15] Uemura also revealed that the reason for enemies spawning suicide bullets during loops of higher difficulty was in response to hardware limitations regarding sprites.[15] Both the single-player and co-op versions were also planned from the beginning of development due to pressure to make two-player games at the time.[15] The alien Pipiru was designed by Ogiwara, though Uemura claimed such character was not planned.[15] - The Sega Mega Drive version of Zero Wing was created by the same staff from the original arcade release, with Uemura overseeing development in-house.[10][13][14][16][19] Both Uemura and Tataka have stated that working with the Mega Drive proved to be difficult due to several restrictions imposed by the hardware.[13][16] According to both Uemura and Yuge, the poor English translation in the Mega Drive version was handled by a then-member of Toaplan in charge of export and overseas business, whose English was ""really terrible"".[12][20] The Mega Drive port features arranged music by Noriyuki Iwadare.[16][21] The PC Engine CD-ROM² version was outsourced by an ""acquaintance"" from defunct developer Orca, with Uemura handling sound.[14] - Zero Wing was first released in arcades on July 1, 1989[3] by Namco in Japan, and then by Williams Electronics for North America in April 1990.[1][2] In 1989, an album containing music from the title was co-published exclusively in Japan by Scitron and Pony Canyon.[9] - Zero Wing was first ported to the Sega Mega Drive by Toaplan and was first published in Japan on 31 May 1991[22] and later in Europe by Sega on July 1991.[23] The game was later converted to the PC Engine CD-ROM² add-on and was published exclusively in Japan by Naxat Soft on 18 September 1992.[24] The Japanese release is able to play fine on American Sega Genesis consoles. Like most early titles it had no region protection, nor had the European release been PAL-optimized.[citation needed] To expand the plot, the Mega Drive version added an introductory sequence to the game.[7] This introduction does not appear in the arcade original nor in the PC Engine CD-ROM² versions; rather, a different intro takes place with a blue-windowed ZIG.[7] The PC Engine CD-ROM² added two new levels — 5th (Deeva) and 10th (Vacura).[citation needed] - The Mega Drive port was later released in North America by independent publisher Retro-Bit in 2020.[25] Zero Wing was planned to be included as part of the Toaplan Arcade 1 compilation for Evercade. It was released on December 15, 2022.[26] On June 30, 2022, Zero Wing was re-released on the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack.[27] - On August 18, 2022, Bitwave Games and Toaplan jointly announced that Zero Wing would be releasing onto Steam as a standalone title in 2022, and will also be available in a game bundle along with Twin Cobra, Truxton, and Out Zone. The Steam release will include a ""range of quality-of-life enhancements, such as stunning pixel-perfect graphics, rewind, achievements, online leaderboards, sidebar indicators, and a brand new Very Easy mode"".[28] Following a delay, it was released on Steam and GOG.com on February 14, 2023.[29] - In Japan, Game Machine listed Zero Wing on their 15 November 1989 issue as being the fourth most-successful table arcade unit of the month, outperforming titles such as Jitsuryoku!! Pro Yakyū and U.N. Squadron.[61] - The game received a positive critical reception upon release.[62][63][64] Computer and Video Games scored it 93%, including ratings of 92% for graphics, 93% for sound, 90% for playability, and 89% for lastability. They praised ""the great intro sequence"", ""super-smooth gameplay, beautifully defined graphics, rocking sound track, amazing explosions and incredible end-of-level bosses"", concluding that it is ""the game which breaths (sic) new life into shoot 'em ups on the Megadrive"".[23] Mean Machines scored it 91%, including ratings of 92% for presentation and graphics, 88% for sound, 90% for playability, and 89% for lastability. They praised the ""ace"" opening sequence, ""detailed"" graphics, ""real good"" music, and skill-based gameplay, concluding that it is one of ""the best Megadrive blasts in ages.""[44] Sega Force scored it 86%, including ratings of 84% for presentation, 89% for visuals, 83% for sound, 89% for playability, and 82% for lastability. They praised the ""animated intro"" sequence, ""smart"" graphics, ""up-beat Jap tune"" music, and the accessible but ""highly involved"" gameplay, concluding that it is ""almost as good as Hellfire"" but ""not quite.""[54] - Complex ranked Zero Wing 98th on their ""The 100 Best Sega Genesis Games.""[65] - Zero Wing was the last side-scrolling shoot 'em up title to be developed by Toaplan, as the company did not know how to make a side-scrolling shooter interesting, despite positive reception from players.[16] In 1999, the introduction cutscene for the Sega Mega Drive version of Zero Wing was re-discovered, culminating in the wildly popular ""All your base are belong to us"" Internet meme.[17][66][67] In more recent years, the rights to Zero Wing and many other IPs from Toaplan are now owned by Tatsujin, a company named after Truxton's Japanese title that was founded in 2017 by former Toaplan employee Masahiro Yuge, who are now affiliated with arcade manufacturer exA-Arcadia.[68][69][70][71][72] -",2023-08-26 18:56:00 -Replanting Family Tree - Wikipedia," - Replanting Family Tree is a remix extended play by Danish singer-songwriter Oh Land and American musician Arthur Moon. It was released digitally in Denmark on 18 September 2019, through Tusk or Tooth Records. The EP is the companion release to Oh Land's fifth studio album, Family Tree (2019). The former contains four remixes of songs, created by Moon, that originally appeared on the parent album. Additionally, the previously unreleased ""When a Hawk Comes By"" appears as a bonus track on it, co-written by the sole producer, Thomas Bartlett, and Oh Land's boyfriend, Adnan Zukanovic. - Two weeks prior to the release of Replanting Family Tree, Moon's remix of ""Salt"" was released as its lead single. Furthermore, the remix was distributed to United States campus radio stations for airplay. The remixes on the EP are electropop tracks and are completely reworked from their original versions, which was Moon's intention. Jared Winkel from River Beats included it on his list of ""The Best New Music You Haven't Heard Yet"". - In 2018, Oh Land confirmed that she would be releasing her fifth studio album in 2019. The project was inspired by several recent events in her personal life, including a divorce from her husband, second pregnancy, and relocation back to Denmark.[2][3] She began to focus on playing the piano again, resulting in songwriting sessions and a shift in sound and tempofor the album.[4] It was officially announced as Family Tree and released in various countries on 3 May 2019.[5][6] The album was promoted with various singles as well as Oh Land embarking on a supporting United States promotional concert tour in the fall of 2019.[7][8] - BlackBook first reported on the release of Replanting Family Tree on 27 August 2019, when they published a review of Arthur Moon's remix of ""Salt"" in advance.[9] The EP's cover artwork was also unveiled, which was created by the Danish graphic design firm Hvass&Hannibal, a frequent collaborator with Oh Land.[10] Ultimately, it was released for digital download and streaming in Denmark on 18 September 2019, through Tusk or Tooth Records.[11] Outside of Denmark, Replanting Family Tree was self-released by Oh Land to digital retailers in various countries.[12] Oh Land is credited as the primary artist on all editions of the EP, except the Spotify version, where Moon is also credited. American musician Thomas Bartlett solely produced Replanting Family Tree and is credited with co-writing four of the five tracks.[1][12][11] - On 27 August 2019, the Arthur Moon remix of ""Salt"" was announced as the EP's lead single.[9][13] It was released for digital download and streaming in various countries on 4 September of the same year.[14] In the United States, the remix was distributed to campus radio stations for airplay on 24 September 2019, according to the North American College and Community Radio Chart.[15] The track listing for Replanting Family Tree revealed four remixes of songs, created by Moon, that also appear in their original forms on Family Tree. The ""Human Error"" remix premiered, in advance, days before the release of the EP.[16] The final song on Replanting Family Tree, ""When a Hawk Comes By"", is a previously unreleased song that was included as a bonus track.[12] - Replanting Family Tree is an electropop remix EP with an ""energetic"" and electronic-inspired sound that completely reworks the songs on Family Tree.[17][18]River Beats' Jared Winkel called the EP a complete rework of Family Tree, which he described as a musical departure from Oh Land's previous works and ""far more personal than anything she's ever released"".[17] When working on the remixes, Moon was inspired to completely ""reimagine"" the songs on Family Tree and present them with an electronic-heavy production, unlike their original versions.[9][19][16] Regarding the opportunity to work with Oh Land on the project, Moon explained: ""It was such a privilege to get to dig into the magical worlds Oh Land and Thomas Bartlett created on these recordings.""[16] Oh Land described the concept: ""Replanting Family Tree is like the upside down of my album Family Tree. It's got a very electronic and playful vibe which gives the songs a different meaning... New soil, rainwater, sunlight gives an old tree with new roots in my forest.""[17] - Replanting Family Tree contains four remixes of songs from the parent album (""Salt"", ""Open"", ""Human Error"" and ""After the Storm"") and one original song, ""When a Hawk Comes By"", which was written by Oh Land, her boyfriend Adnan Zukanovic, and Bartlett.[1] The EP opens with Moon's remix of ""Salt"", which adds ""electro-handclaps, jittery beats, and piercing synth-blasts"" to the original composition.[9] Eric Keith from Vinyl Chapters called it a ""genre-busting"" remix that is a ""haunting and inventive piece"".[19] Replanting Family Tree proceeds with ""Open"", a track that deconstructs its original version and is just over two minutes in length.[19] On Family Tree, Bartlett receives a writing credit for ""Open"", but on Replanting Family Tree, Oh Land is credited as the song's sole writer and composer.[1][20] The sound of the ""Human Error"" remix is noticeably ""stripped down"" compared to its original version.[19] Moon's final Family Tree collaboration is for ""After the Storm"", which was described as an ambient pop remix about ""living in the moment"".[19] - Keith called the EP a ""refreshing and lush record"", and hoped that Oh Land and Moon would collaborate again in the future. He also enjoyed ""When a Hawk Comes By"", writing that the song was ""simply one of the most pleasant sounding things"" he had listened to recently.[19] Winkel featured Replanting Family Tree on his semi-regularly published list of ""The Best New Music You Haven't Heard Yet""; in his summary of the EP, he described Oh Land's vocals as powerful and commended Moon's ability to reimagine them in a ""whole new atmosphere"".[17] Barbara Streidl from Bayerischer Rundfunk's Bayern 2 channel reviewed ""When a Hawk Comes By"" on her weekly playlist in November 2019, giving it 4.5 out of 5 stars.[21] - Notes: - Credits adapted from Spotify.[1] -",2023-08-26 18:56:03 -Secret Orchards - Wikipedia," - Secret Orchards is a 1979 TV movie directed by Richard Loncraine. The film is based on the memoirs My Father and Myself (1968) by J. R. Ackerley and his half-sister Diana Petre's Secret Orchard (1975). Their father, Roger Ackerley, had had two families for more than 20 years. He married J. R. Ackerley's mother years after their three children were born, as well as after his three daughters with Muriel Perry (including Sally Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster) were born. - - This article related to a TV movie of the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a television film with a lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender theme is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:07 -Alfredo Sadel - Wikipedia," - Manuel Alfredo Sánchez Luna, better known as Alfredo Sadel (February 22, 1930 – June 28, 1989) was a popular Venezuelan singer and actor.[1] - Manuel Alfredo Sánchez Luna was born in Caracas, Venezuela, to Manuel Sánchez Benítez and Luisa Amelia Luna. - Since his early childhood, he showed interest in music, participating in the choir of the local church. His debut was singing “Ave Maria” at the Caracas Cathedral, where he impressed those who heard him. - He went to school at “Colegio Domingo Savio” at Los Teques, but had to leave at the age of fourteen due to his family’s financial problems. Salesian priests, Calderon and Sidi[2] contributed to his musical education. - By the time Alfredo was gaining fame in the music industry, there were already two professionals with similar names, ""Alci"" and Alex Sánchez. Therefore, he decided to change his name, taking the first syllable of his last name “SA” and added “DEL” in honor to his idol, Carlos Gardel. - Sadel was affectionately called ""The Favorite Tenor of Venezuela"".[3] - Many different patrons sponsored his career, which started at “Escuela Superior de Música de Caracas” and continued in many different places such as Mexico City; New York City; Buenos Aires; Barcelona, Spain; Salzburg and Milan. - In 1948, he recorded the first album[1] produced in Venezuela: “Diamante Negro” quickstep. The record was a sales success[4] and the start of his upward musical career. -While under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a potential successor to the cinematic tenor Mario Lanza, Sadel began a serious study of Italian opera, eventually singing full-opera productions under his birth name, Alfredo Sanchez-Luna. Among the roles he sang successfully were the Duke of Mantua in Verdi's Rigoletto. - In 1978, he returned to Cuba receiving support that encouraged him to record popular music again, including an LP with music by Los Panchos and another, in which he paid his tribute to Carlos Gardel. - He settled in New York since 1985 and traveled a lot since then to Caracas and Colombia, especially to Medellín, where he said he felt with pleasure the great affection paid by his people. When he was happiest about the possibility of performing with the Metropolitan Opera in New York, his health began to deteriorate. He was performing in Cali, Colombia, when he had to travel urgently to Caracas on December 31, 1988. In 1988 and 1989 he appeared at the Teresa Carreño Theater with the Venezuela Symphony Orchestra in concerts that marked his farewell. - He made wonderful duets, among them with the soprano Alba Marina and another with Beny Moré who occupies preferences among collectors, the bolero ""Alma libre"". He stood out as a composer, due to his inspiration countless pieces such as ""I did not deceive you"", ""They are two words"", ""Another rose"", ""The iron man"", ""Swallows of time"", ""I want Maracaibo"", ""Reasoning "", and dozens more. - In total, Sadel recorded more than 2000 songs collected on about 200 78 RPM discs and about 130 full-length albums released in various countries; The Foundation, that bears his name, are collecting them on discs with digital technology, in a series called ""Alfredo Sadel Documents"", so that his voice and his memory are always present in the Venezuelan cultural heritage. Sadel obtained great achievements in the career of lyrical singer worldwide, but despite his successes in the lyrical environment, he continued to perform popular music. - Sadel died in Caracas[1] at the age of 59. -",2023-08-26 18:56:10 -Sadiqali Abbas Rangwala - Wikipedia," - Sadiqali Abbas Rangwala (born 10 July 1971) is an Indian physicist. He is working in the field of Experimental atomic, molecular and optical physics.[1] He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 2014.[2][3][4] He has made outstanding contribution on collisionally cooled ions with trapped atoms leading to new ultracold ion-atom physics. [5] - - This article about an Indian scientist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a physicist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:14 -Sculls Creek - Wikipedia,"Sculls Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia.[1] It is a tributary to the Ogeechee River.[2] - Sculls Creek most likely was named after the Scull family of the colonial era.[2] A variant name is ""Scull Creek"".[1] - - - This article related to a river in the US state of Georgia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:17 -List of NBA All-Star Game head coaches - Wikipedia," -This is a list of NBA All-Star Game head coaches. The National Basketball Association All-Star Game is an annual basketball exhibition game held during the National Basketball Association (NBA) regular season. From 1951 to 2017, the All-Star Game was played between the Western Conference All-Stars and the Eastern Conference All-Stars, where the head coach for each All- Star team was the coach of the NBA team with the best record from their respective conference. - To ensure that a different coach represents their conference each year, there is a rule against a head coach making a consecutive appearance. Instead, the coach with the next best record is selected. This rule is known as the ""Riley Rule"" and was introduced in the early 1990s after the dominance of the 1980s Los Angeles Lakers team in the Western Conference, which was coached by Pat Riley. For the 2018 NBA All-Star Game, the format of the game changed. The starters and reserves were chosen as usual, but the two captains (one from each conference) draft their team from those starters and reserves. The coaches are also selected as usual, and matched with the captain from their respective conference. - Only Lenny Wilkens (SuperSonics, Cavaliers, and Hawks) and Alex Hannum (Hawks, Warriors, and 76ers) have represented three separate teams as the All-Star Game coach. Red Auerbach, the head coach for the Boston Celtics between 1950–1966, coached the most All-Star Games with 11 appearances. -",2023-08-26 18:56:21 -Gerald Hugh Brabazon - Wikipedia," - Gerald Hugh Brabazon (7 December 1854 – 27 December 1938) was a Canadian politician. - Born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Samuel L. Brabazon and Margaret Clarke both from Ireland, Brabazon was a civil engineer. He mayor of Portage-du-Fort, Quebec for 18 years and Warden of Pontiac County for 12 years. He served under Frederick Dobson Middleton in the North-West Rebellion in 1885, as a first lieutenant in Dennis's Scouts. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in Pontiac in the general elections of 1900 but was elected in 1904. A Conservative, he was defeated in 1908 and was elected in 1911. - - This article about a Quebec Member of Parliament from the Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This article about a mayor in Quebec is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:25 -"Dingle Glen, Dublin - Wikipedia"," - Dingle Glen (Irish: An Fhothair)[1] is a steep-sided and V-shaped valley ""gash"",[2] or glen, extending for 550-metres through the bedrock of the lowlands of the Dublin Mountains, located between Carrickmines and Kilternan.[3] In an ecological impact assessment for a proposed development nearby, Dingle Glen was categorised as ""a secluded mature broadleaf woodland, mixed with rocky outcrops, within a glacier meltwater channel, thus providing a diversity of habitats within a small undisturbed area"".[4] - Dingle Glen is located approximately 13 kilometres to the south of Dublin city centre in the county of Dún Laoghaire��Rathdown between the populated centres of Carrickmines and Kilternan. - The 550-metre[2] length of the glen serves as a natural boundary between the three neighbouring townlands of (a) Glenamuck South, (b) Tiknick and (c) Carrickmines Great.[5] - According to Hoare, Dingle Glen was created during the last Ice Age as a result of the massive 'Irish Sea ice-sheet' which advanced in a generally south-westwardly direction across County Dublin from a centre of origin located somewhere to the north of Ailsa Craig in the Firth of Clyde.[2] - As a result of the movement of the ice-sheet, a ""striking series of meltwaters channels""[2] exist in the northern foothills of the Dublin/Wicklow Mountains; geological formations which include the Piperstown channel, Ballybetagh channel (occupying the depression between Ballyedmonduff Hill and Ballybetagh Hill), the Scalp (aka Barnaslingan), and the Glenamuck channel (located 600m west of Dingle Glen).[2] - Both Dingle Glen and the Glenamuck channel extend southward as ""small, ill-defined and shallow valleys"", however the Glenamuck channel is pronouncedly less deep.[2] Hoare notes that Lamplugh et al. (1903) recorded calcareous till at the southern exit of Dingle Glen and at both ends of Glenamuck, and speculated that the drift continued along the floors of both features.[2] - The entire Dingle Glen area was highlighted as a proposed Natural Heritage Area in the Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council Development Plan of 2010–2016.[6] It was still classed as such in the County Development Plan 2022-2028[7] in which Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs) were specified as being: - In the County Development Plan 2022-2028, the protection and enhancement of the status and quality of Dingle Glen was listed as a key action.[8] - A public right of way exists from Ballycorus Road to the glen via Dixon Lane.[9][10] - The entrance to the glen - From the side of the glen looking south towards Ballycorus Leadmines -",2023-08-26 18:56:29 -Castelo Branco (Horta) - Wikipedia,"Castelo Branco is the southern freguesia (""civil parish"") on the island Faial, in the Azores; part of the municipality of Horta. This agricultural community is primarily known for the location of the Central Group's first airport, Horta Airport. The population in 2011 was 1,309,[1] in an area of 23.91 km².[2] It contains the localities Canada da Santa Catarina, Cancela, Cerrado Grande, Farrobim do Norte, Grota do Meio, Jogo, Lombega, Pedreiras, Ribeira Grande and Ribeirinha. - The first record of the region referred to its old church, dated 30 July 1568; the church became integrated into the diocese in 1643. On 10 July 1514, on the orders of King Manuel I the appropriate religious equipment was installed at this primitive church, which was then composed of three naves, and built over 5 columns. Father Gaspar Frutuoso would later note that the church was one of a succession of churches to be formally built in each of the parishes on the island (following those of Horta, Feteira and Flamengos). - Until 1580, a convent existed in the parish, but, owing to the numerous pirate and privateer attacks, the nuns moved their order to Horta, to the Convent of São João Baptista. In 1767, the primitive church was replaced by the existing sanctuary to the adoration of Santa Catarina de Alexandria. - Diogo das Chagas acknowledges that 1,042 inhabitants in 245 residences lived within the borders of Castelo Branco. - The parish was also one of the many parishes depopulated by the 1957 eruption of the Capelinhos volcano, off the coast of Capelo. It contributed to immigration into Europe and North America during the middle of the 20th century, although recently there has been a subtle growth in demographics. - In December 2002, Horta Airport, which is located in the parish, was given its international designation. It was original inaugurated on August 24, 1971 by then-President of the Republic, Américo Tomás. The first direct flights began on July 5, 1985, between Lisbon and Horta on TAP Air Portugal. - Generally, this parish is a zone of pastureland extending from the ocean-front parcels to hillier forests around the Caldeira Volcano. The port at Castelo Branco, the old commercial fishing port, has been transformed into a swimming zone. The principal water courses in this region are: Ribeira de Santa Catarina, Ribeira Grande and Ribeira da Lombega - The name ""Castelo Branco"" was derived from the location of a white rock dike located at the edge of the parish and connected by a thin rock isthmus, like a medieval ""white castle"". This Morro de Castelo Branco is a 10,000-year-old rock formation, and a protected area due to the number of bird species that use it as a rookery. The Gruta dos Anelares is located near this area. - Agriculture is the principal activity in the parish, due to its fertile soils, producing a wide variety of grains and vegetables (such as wheat, rye, barley and pumpkins). Sugar cane, flax seed, and tea have all contributed to the economy of the parish, even cultivating tobacco until recently. Over the centuries, these activities have also included herding and the dairy industry, as well as ancillary services associated with these activities, including cheese and butter production associated with the islands' base industry. Although local production was common, these industries were subsistence, while high-volume production was handled by the islands' remaining export companies, such as CALF Cooperativa Agrícola dos Lactícinios do Faial and Martins & Rebello. At the beginning of 2012, two local entrepreneurs established the Queijaria O Morro that began to produce a local artesnal fresh cheese.[3] - The fishery also adds to the parish's economy, at one time a principal center of whaling and now primarily commercial fishing. It is also common that most involved in these primary industries are also involved in other activities. - In addition to a commercial bakery, the industrial zone of Lombega is the center of the aluminum industry. - Tourism in the region has grown in importance with the development of the International Airport. - Local handicrafts are an important tradition in the region. For example, a collection of miniature wooden agricultural implements created by António Duarte, are on display by the author in Canada de Santa Catarina. Each piece is a detailed miniature, with a lot of attention to detail. Similarly, other artists, such as José Rosa who work in tin, the painter Lurdes Andrade or the fine embroidery of Isaura Rodrigues are all examples of the traditional handicrafts produced in this parish. - The Sociedade Filarmónica Euterpe de Castelo Branco (a band), founded on April 12, 1912 is the pride of the community, along with its folklore group. In sports, the Futebol Clube de Castelo Branco (founded in 1917) has been active in regional football, challenging other groups in the Horta series. - In addition to the parish's feast day in honor of its patron saint (Santa Catarina de Alexandria), falling on November 25, the community also celebrates other religious events. The festival of Saint Peter (in June), which has become an important event in the religious calendar, and Our Lady of Lourdes (on August 15). -",2023-08-26 18:56:33 -Pseudoaustroboletus - Wikipedia," - Pseudoaustroboletus is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Pseudoaustroboletus valens, found in China, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. It was originally given the name Boletus albellus illegitimately based on specimens from Singapore by George Edward Massee in 1909. In 1972 it was given the name Boletus valens legitimately before being transferred to Tylopilus valens in 1976. A molecular phylogenetics study found it to be distinct from Tylopilus and Boletus and the authors placed it in its own genus, Pseudoaustroboletus.[2] - - This Boletales-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:37 -Time trade-off - Wikipedia,"In health economics, time trade-off (TTO) is a technique used to measure the quality of life that a person or group is experiencing. An individual will be presented with a set of directions such as: - Imagine that you are told that you have 10 years left to live. In connection with this you are also told that you can choose to live these 10 years in your current health state or that you can choose to give up some life years to live for a shorter period in full health. Indicate with a cross on the line the number of years in full health that you think is of equal value to 10 years in your current health state.[1] The answer given by the individual shows how many years in the current health state they would be willing to 'trade off', in order to regain full health. This answer can be used to calculate the individual's quality of life in that health state. - For example, an individual with severe asthma could be offered 10 years in their current condition, or a shorter length of time in full health. If this individual is willing to trade off two of the ten offered years in order to regain full health, this suggests that eight years in full health has the same value as ten years with severe asthma. In this case, the individual would have valued living with severe asthma at 0.8, relative to full health (defined as 1.0). - TTO scores can be influenced by socio-demographic characteristics and attitudinal variables of respondents, such as age, gender, marital status, having children, health status, education level, socio-economic status, ethnicity, and religious beliefs.[2] Also, they can be influenced by the effects of ill health on consumptive activities and non health-related utility.[3] - Time trade-off results are often used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), allowing healthcare decision makers to combine mortality and morbidity into a single interval scale. - Other tools that are used to determine quality of life are the visual analogue scale (VAS), the standard gamble method, the EQ-5D, the Health Utilities Index (HUI), etc. -",2023-08-26 18:56:39 -Battersea - Wikipedia," - Battersea is a large district in southwest London, part of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is centred 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross and extends along the south bank of the Thames Tideway. It includes the 200-acre (0.81 km2) Battersea Park. - Battersea is mentioned in the few surviving Anglo-Saxon geographical accounts as Old English: Badrices īeg, lit. 'Badric's Island' and later Old English: Patrisey. As with many former parishes beside tidal flood plains the lowest land was reclaimed for agriculture by draining marshland and building culverts for streams. Alongside this was the Heathwall tide mill in the north-east with a very long mill pond regularly draining and filling to the south. - The settlement appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Middle English: Patricesy, a vast manor held by St Peter's Abbey, Westminster. Its Domesday Assets were: 18 hides and 17 ploughlands of cultivated land; 7 mills worth £42 9s 8d per year, 82 acres (33 ha) of meadow, woodland worth 50 hogs. It rendered (in total): £75 9s 8d.[1] - The present church, which was completed in 1777, hosted the marriage of William Blake and Catherine née Boucher in 1782. Benedict Arnold, his wife Peggy Shippen, and their daughter were buried in its crypt. - Battersea Park, a 200-acre (0.81 km2) northern rectangle by the Thames, was landscaped and founded for public use in 1858.[2] Amenities and leisure buildings have been added to it since. - Until 1889, the parish of Battersea was recognised as part of Surrey, after which the newly formed County of London came into being and took over administration of the area. - Before the Industrial Revolution, much of the large parish was farmland, providing food for the City of London and surrounding population centres; and with particular specialisms, such as growing lavender on Lavender Hill (nowadays denoted by the road of the same name), asparagus (sold as ""Battersea Bundles"") or pig breeding on Pig Hill (later the site of the Shaftesbury Park Estate). At the end of the 18th century, above 300 acres (1.2 km2) of land in the parish of Battersea were occupied by some 20 market gardeners, who rented from five to near 60 acres (24 ha) each.[3] Villages in the wider area: Wandsworth, Earlsfield (hamlet of Garratt), Tooting, Balham – were separated by fields; in common with other suburbs the wealthy of London and the traditional manor successors built their homes in Battersea and neighbouring areas.[4] - Industry in the area was concentrated to the northwest just outside the Battersea-Wandsworth boundary, at the confluence of the River Thames and the River Wandle, which gave rise to the village of Wandsworth. This was settled from the 16th century by Protestant craftsmen – Huguenots – fleeing religious persecution in Europe, who planted lavender and gardens and established a range of industries such as mills, breweries and dyeing, bleaching and calico printing.[4] Industry developed eastwards along the bank of the Thames during the Industrial Revolution from 1750s onwards; the Thames provided water for transport, for steam engines and for water-intensive industrial processes. Bridges erected across the Thames encouraged growth; Putney Bridge, a mile to the west, was built in 1729 and rebuilt 1882, and Battersea Bridge in the centre of the north boundary in 1771. Inland from the river, the rural agricultural community persisted.[4] - Along the Thames, a number of large and, in their field, pre-eminent firms grew; notably the Morgan Crucible company, which survives to this day and is listed on the London Stock Exchange; Price's Candles, which also made cycle lamp oil; and Orlando Jones' Starch Factory. The 1874 Ordnance Survey map of the area shows the following factories, in order, from the site of the as yet unbuilt Wandsworth Bridge to Battersea Park: Starch manufacturer; Silk manufacturer; (St. John's College); (St. Mary's Church); Malt house; Corn mill; Oil and grease works (Prices Candles); Chemical works; Plumbago Crucible works (later the Morgan Crucible Company); Chemical works; Saltpetre works; Foundry. Between these were numerous wharfs for shipping. - In 1929, construction started on Battersea Power Station, being completed in 1939. From the late 18th century to comparatively recent times Battersea[as of?], and certainly North Battersea, was established as an industrial area with all of the issues associated with pollution and poor housing affecting it. - Industry declined and moved away from the area in the 1970s, and local government sought to address chronic post-war housing problems with large scale clearances and the establishment of planned housing. Some decades after the end of large scale local industry[when?], resurgent demand among magnates and high income earners for parkside and riverside property close to planned Underground links has led to significant construction[citation needed]. Factories have been demolished and replaced with modern apartment buildings. Some of the council owned properties have been sold off and several traditional working men's pubs have become more fashionable bistros. Battersea neighbourhoods close to the railway have some of the most deprived local authority housing in the Borough of Wandsworth, in an area which saw condemned slums after their erection in the Victoria era.[5] - Battersea was radically altered by the coming of railways. The London and Southampton Railway Company engineered their railway line from east to west through Battersea, in 1838, terminating at the original Nine Elms railway station[6] at the north east tip of the area. Over the next 22 years five other lines were built, across which all trains from London's Waterloo and Victoria termini would – as today – travel.[clarification needed] An interchange station was built in 1863 towards the north west of the area, at a junction of the railway. Taking the name of a fashionable village a mile and more away, the station was named 'Clapham Junction':[7] a campaign to rename it ""Battersea Junction"" fizzled out as late as the early twentieth century. During the latter decades of the nineteenth century Battersea had developed into a major town railway centre with two locomotive works at Nine Elms and Longhedge and three important motive power depots (Nine Elms, Stewarts Lane and Battersea) all in an initial pocket of north Battersea. The effect was precipitate: a population of 6,000 people in 1840 was increased to 168,000 by 1910; and save for the green spaces of Battersea Park, Clapham Common, Wandsworth Common and some smaller isolated pockets, all other farmland was built over, with, from north to south, industrial buildings and vast railway sheds and sidings (much of which remain), slum housing for workers, especially north of the main east–west railway, and gradually more genteel residential terraced housing further south. - The railway station encouraged the government to site its buildings in the area surrounding Clapham Junction, where a cluster of new civic buildings including the town hall, library, police station, court and post office was developed along Lavender Hill in the 1880s and 1890s. The Arding & Hobbs department store, diagonally opposite the station, was the largest of its type at the time of its construction in 1885; and the streets near the station developed as a regional shopping district. The area was served by a vast music hall – The Grand – opposite the station (nowadays serving as a nightclub and venue for smaller bands) as well as a large theatre next to the town hall (the Shakespeare Theatre, later redeveloped following bomb damage). All this building around the station shifted the focus of the area southwards, and marginalised Battersea High Street (the main street of the original village) into no more than an extension of Falcon Road. - Battersea has a long and varied history of social housing, and the completion of the Shaftesbury Park Estate in 1877 was one of the earliest in London or the UK. Additionally, the development of the Latchmere Estate in 1903 was notable both for John Burns' involvement and for being the first estate directly built by a council's own workforce and therefore the first true ""council estate"". Indeed, both of these earlier estates have since been recognised as conservation areas due to their historical and architectural significance and are protected from redevelopment.[8][9] - Battersea also has a large area of mid-20th century public housing estates, almost all located north of the main railway lines and spanning from Fairfield in the west to Queenstown in the east.[10] - There are four particularly large estates. The Winstanley Estate, perhaps being the most renowned of them all, is known as being the birthplace to the garage collective So Solid Crew.[11] Winstanley is close to Clapham Junction railway station in the northern perimeter of Battersea, and is currently being considered for comprehensive redevelopment as one of the London Mayor's new Housing Zones.[12] Further north towards Chelsea is the Surrey Lane Estate, and on Battersea Park Road is the Doddington and Rollo Estate. East, toward Vauxhall, is the Patmore Estate which is in close proximity to the Battersea Power Station. - Other smaller estates include: York Road (see Winstanley Estate), Ashley Crescent, Badric Court, Carey Gardens, Chatham Road, Ethelburga, Falcon Road, Gideon Road, Honeywell Road, Kambala, Peabody, Robertson Street, Savona, Somerset, Wilditch and Wynter Street. - The tradition of local government in England was based in part of Manor, and later on the Parish. Battersea's governance can be traced back to 693, when the manor was held by the nunnery of St. Mary at Barking Abbey. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, control of the manor passed to Westminster Abbey, ending at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1540. Battersea was one of only three of the Abbey's demesne directly supervised by monks, rather than being let to tenants. Local control rested with an officer appointed by the abbey, variously termed a beadle, reeve or sergeant, whose responsibility it was supervise the farm servants of the manor, and to enforce and direct customary work performed by manorial tenants.[13] - After 1540 the Crown assumed ownership of the manor, and let it on short leases to a succession of individuals, until in about 1590 it came into the hands of the St. John family of Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire, who later became the St John Baronets of Lydiard Tregoze and ultimately the Viscounts Bolingbroke. Bolingbrokes exercised control of the manor for some 173 years, showing varying levels of interest and competence in running the estate's affairs, until in 1763 the disastrously dissolute Frederick St John, 2nd Viscount Bolingbroke sold the manor to help to settle his many debts. Battersea now passed into the Spencer family - John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer being related to Frederick's wife.[13] - The Survey of London identified the period of Frederick's tenure with the development of the Vestry in Battersea; absent a competent lord of the manor, this local secular and ecclesiastical government took it upon itself to establish a workhouse in 1733, and met monthly from 1742.[13] - The period of Spencer ownership of the manor saw important land ownership changes introduced to the area. The family had many estates, such as at Althorp in Northamptonshire and Wiseton in Nottinghamshire. Locally, their interests were concentrated on Wimbledon. During their tenure, large tracts of land were sold, notably around 1761, and from 1835 to 1838, leading to the development of a plurality of smaller estates, which had implications for the later development of the area.[13] - The scope of governance throughout this period was relatively slight. Lords of the manor were responsible for church appointments and maintenance of the fabric of the church; for drainage, and for the direction of the duties of the manor's tenants. From time to time work was done under manorial direction on the Thames foreshore; and a Spencer was responsible for the construction of first local bridge across the Thames, Battersea Bridge from 1771 to 1772. And albeit Battersea saw some slow change over the first seven centuries of the second millennium, it was not until a later period that an imperative for greater local government arose.[13] - The vestry of Battersea continued to increase in importance from 1742, notably concerning itself with Poor Law administration and drainage. Responsibility for the latter was removed from the vestry in 1855 with the establishment of Metropolitan Boards of Work under the Metropolis Management Act 1855; a Metropolitan Board concerned itself with cross-London drainage and sewerage, whilst a local Wandsworth Metropolitan Board assumed responsibility for minor sewers and the connection of houses to sewerage systems. It was during the tenure of the Wandsworth board that much of Battersea was developed; but such was the pace of development in Battersea that by 1887 it had a population sufficient to win the case for renewed local autonomy under the Metropolis Management (Battersea and Westminster) Act of 1887. The Battersea vestry continued through to 1899, when it became the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea as a result of the London Government Act 1899.[13] - The Metropolitan Borough of Battersea was in 1965 combined with the neighbouring Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth to form the London Borough of Wandsworth. The former Battersea Town Hall, opened in 1893, is now the Battersea Arts Centre. - In the period from 1880 onwards, Battersea was known as a centre of radical politics in the United Kingdom. John Burns founded a branch of the Social Democratic Federation, Britain's first organised socialist political party, in the borough and after the turmoil of dock strikes affecting the populace of north Battersea, was elected to represent the borough in the newly formed London County Council. In 1892, he expanded his role, being elected to Parliament for Battersea North as one of the first Independent Labour Party members of Parliament. - Battersea's radical reputation gave rise to the Brown Dog affair, when in 1904 the National Anti-Vivisection Society sought permission to erect a drinking fountain celebrating the life of a dog killed by vivisection. The fountain, forming a plinth for the statue of a brown dog, was installed in the Latchmere Recreation Ground, became a cause célèbre, fought over in riots and battles between medical students and the local populace until its removal in 1910. - The borough elected the first black mayor[14] in London in 1913 when John Archer took office, and in 1922 elected the Bombay-born Communist Party member Shapurji Saklatvala as MP for Battersea; one of only two communist members of Parliament.[14] - Battersea is currently divided into five Wandsworth wards. The Member of Parliament for the Battersea constituency since 8 June 2017 has been Labour MP Marsha de Cordova. - Battersea is on the curved south bank of the River Thames.[15] - Battersea's northern limit is thus the Tideway, the Thames below Teddington. Battersea's riverside is just over 3 miles (4.8 km) long. Immediately to the west is Wandsworth Town. To the north-east are Vauxhall and then Lambeth, including Waterloo. - Battersea at one end of its riverside has a western corner at a point 350 metres east northeast of Wandsworth Bridge, and Battersea tapers SSE to almost a point, roughly three miles (5 km) from Battersea's northeastern corner – but two miles (3 km) from the western corner. - To the east are South Lambeth and Stockwell; to the south is Balham; to the southeast is Clapham; and to the west is Wandsworth Town, south of which is Wandsworth. - Two large neighbourhoods within the larger Battersea are: - Some parts of Battersea have become known for drug-dealing. The Winstanley and York Road council estates have developed a reputation for such offences and were included in a zero-tolerance ""drug exclusion zone"" in 2007.[17] - As of 2011[update], Battersea had a population of 73,345.[18] The district was 52.2% of White British origin,[19] as against an average for Wandsworth of 53.3%. - Within the bounds of modern Battersea are (from east to west): - Battersea is served by three National Rail stations: Battersea Park, Clapham Junction, and Queenstown Road (Battersea). All three stations are in London Travelcard Zone 2. - Battersea Park is served by some Southern trains. - Trains northbound terminate at London Victoria, which is the next stop along the line. Southbound, Southern's ""metro"" services run to Clapham Junction, Wandsworth Common, and Balham. After Balham, trains head towards Croydon, Epsom, London Bridge, and Sutton, amongst other destinations. - The first station to carry the name ""Battersea Park"" was opened by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) as ""Battersea"" on 1 October 1860 and was located at the southern end of what is now Grosvenor Bridge. It closed on 1 November 1870.[22][23] The LB&SCR opened another station on a high-level line on 1 May 1867 called Battersea Park.[24] Another station existed closed to the current station called Battersea Park Road railway station by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway in 1867 and closed in 1916. - The largest railway station in Battersea is Clapham Junction, to the southwest of the district. The station is a busy interchange, and it serves destinations across London, the South, and South West England. Train operators from Clapham Junction include: - In terms of the number of train movements, Clapham Junction is Europe's busiest railway station. It opened on 21 May 1838.[25] - Queenstown Road (Battersea) is served by some South Western Railway trains. Northbound, most trains call at Vauxhall en route to London Waterloo. Southbound passengers can travel towards Richmond, Twickenham, Hounslow, and Windsor & Eton direct.[26] - Queenstown Road opened up the line on 1 November 1877 by the London and South Western Railway, as Queen's Road (Battersea).[27] British Rail renamed the station to Queenstown Road (Battersea) on 12 May 1980.[27] - As part of Northern line extension to Battersea, Battersea is connected to the London Underground network at Battersea Power Station tube station in September 2021.[28] - London Bus routes 44, 137, 156, 344, 436, 19, 49, 319, 345 and 452 serve the Battersea area during the daytime. Night buses N19, N137 and N44, as well as the 344 and 345 route, run overnight. - Cycling infrastructure in Battersea is provided by the London Borough of Wandsworth and Transport for London (TfL).[29] - Battersea features in the books of Michael de Larrabeiti, who was born and brought up in the area: A Rose Beyond the Thames recounts the working-class Battersea of the 1940s and 1950s; The Borrible Trilogy presents a fictional Battersea, home to fantasy creatures known as the Borribles. The station makes a brief appearance in The Beatles' second film, Help!, in 1965. It also appears during the first daylight attack on London sequence in the 1969 movie Battle of Britain, in the movie as in real life used as a navigational landmark by the attacking Luftwaffe bombers.The Optimists of Nine Elms, a 1973 film starring Peter Sellers, is set in Battersea. Battersea is also the setting for Penelope Fitzgerald's 1979 Booker Prize–winning novel, Offshore. Kitty Neale's Nobody's Girl is set in a fictional café and the surrounding Battersea High Street Market. Nell Dunn's 1963 novel Up the Junction (later adapted for both television and cinema) depicts contemporary life in the industrial slums of Battersea near Clapham Junction. Battersea provides the backdrop for the real world scenes in the audio book and app series Rockford's Rock Opera. - Michael Flanders, half of the 1960s comedy duo Flanders and Swann, often made fun of Donald Swann for living in Battersea. Morrissey mentions Battersea in his song ""You're the One for Me, Fatty"". Babyshambles recorded the song ""Bollywood to Battersea"" for a 2005 charity album Help!: A Day in the Life. Hooverphonic recorded the song ""Battersea"" for the 1999 album Blue Wonder Power Milk. - Battersea is the setting for Joan Aiken's Black Hearts in Battersea, the second published volume in the Wolves Chronicles. - Battersea Power Station is featured on the cover of the Pink Floyd album Animals. - A number of race courses in the Nintendo DS version of the 2009 racing video game Dirt 2 are set in the general area of Battersea. Its famous abandoned power station is also the site of a few race tracks in a few console and PC games from the Dirt series. - The following people have lived, or currently live, in Battersea: -",2023-08-26 18:56:44 -Yanuca Levu - Wikipedia,"Yanuca Levu (Fijian pronunciation: [jaˈnuða ˈleβu]) is a hilly steep islet in Fiji's Lomaiviti group, within Ovalau reef.[1] - The local chief is the Turaga na Tunimata, who is also a descendant of the priests of Moturiki. - The island is believed to contain sources of oil and other minerals. -  WikiMiniAtlas17°46′S 178°47′E / 17.767°S 178.783°E / -17.767; 178.783 - - This article about a geographical location in Fiji is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:47 -Dominic Grieve - Wikipedia," - Dominic Charles Roberts Grieve KC PC (born 24 May 1956)[1] is a British barrister and former politician who served as Shadow Home Secretary from 2008 to 2009 and Attorney General for England and Wales from 2010 to 2014. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Beaconsfield from 1997 to 2019 and was the Chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee from 2015 to 2019. - Grieve attended the Cabinet as Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland from May 2010 to July 2014.[2] He was dismissed as Attorney General by Prime Minister David Cameron as part of the 2014 Cabinet reshuffle, and was replaced by Jeremy Wright. Elected as a Conservative, Grieve had the Conservative whip removed in the September 2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs. He unsuccessfully stood as an independent candidate in Beaconsfield at the 2019 general election. - A liberal conservative,[3] Grieve was a central figure on Brexit and frequently used his experience as a lawyer to propose amendments on the issue, with his interventions often being at odds with government policy. A prominent Remain supporter on Brexit, Grieve called for a second referendum on EU membership, and before being expelled had said that he and other Conservative rebels would support a vote of no confidence to bring down a Conservative government, if that were the only way to block the “catastrophic” damage from a bad Brexit.[4][5][6][7] In spring 2019, Grieve was threatened with deselection by his local party after losing a confidence vote by members.[8] In October 2019, following removal of the whip, Grieve announced that he would stand as an independent candidate in his constituency's seat at the next general election. It was announced that the Liberal Democrats would stand aside to help him,[9] but to no avail, as he lost his seat. - Grieve is the president of the Franco-British Society.[10] He was awarded the Legion of Honour in 2016,[10] and broadcasts in French on French radio and television.[11] He is a practising Anglican and was a member of the London diocesan synod of the Church of England.[12] - Grieve was born in Lambeth, London, the son of Percy Grieve, QC (the MP for Solihull 1964–83), and of an Anglo-French mother, Evelyn Raymonde Louise Mijouain (d. 1991), maternal granddaughter of Sir George Roberts, 1st and last baronet.[13][14] He was educated at the Lycée français Charles de Gaulle on Cromwell Road in South Kensington, Colet Court (an all-boys' preparatory school in Barnes) and Westminster School.[15] He went to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern History[16] in 1978. He was the President of the Oxford University Conservative Association in 1977.[17] - Grieve continued his studies at the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster), where he received a Diploma in Law[16] in 1979. - He was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1980[18] and is a specialist in occupational safety and health law. He was made a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 2005 and appointed a Queen's Counsel in 2008.[19][20] - He was elected as a councillor in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham for the Avonmore ward in 1982, but did not stand for re-election in 1986.[16][21] He contested the Norwood constituency in the London Borough of Lambeth at the 1987 general election[16] but finished in second place behind the veteran Labour MP John Fraser. - He was elected to the House of Commons for the Buckinghamshire seat of Beaconsfield at the 1997 general election[16] following the resignation of Tim Smith in the cash-for-questions affair. Grieve was elected with a majority of 13,987 votes and remained the MP there until his defeat in the 2019 general election. - He made his maiden speech on 21 May 1997.[22] - He was a member of both the Environmental Audit and the Statutory Instruments select committees from 1997 to 1999.[12] In 1999, he was promoted to the frontbench by William Hague as a spokesman on Scottish affairs, moving to speak on home affairs as the spokesman on criminal justice following the election of Iain Duncan Smith as the new leader of the Conservative Party in 2001, and was then promoted to be shadow Attorney General by Michael Howard in 2003.[16] Grieve also had responsibility for community cohesion on behalf of the Conservative Party. He voted for the Iraq War in 2003.[23] - He was retained as Shadow Attorney General by the new Conservative Leader David Cameron, and was appointed Shadow Home Secretary on 12 June 2008, following the resignation of David Davis.[24] - In early 2006, Grieve was instrumental in the defeat of the Labour government on its proposal that the Home Secretary should have power to detain suspected terrorists for periods up to 90 days without charge.[25] - In the last Conservative Shadow Cabinet reshuffle before the general election of 2010, carried out on 19 January 2009, Grieve was moved to become Shadow Justice Secretary, opposite Jack Straw. According to the BBC, Grieve was said to be ""very happy with the move"" which would suit his talents better.[26] - On 28 May 2010, he was appointed to the Privy Council as part of the 2010 Dissolution of Parliament Honours List.[27][28] - After the 2010 general election, Grieve was appointed as Attorney General. He was one of four members of the cabinet who abstained in the May 2013 same-sex marriage vote. He said that he believed that the Bill had been ""badly conceived"".[29][30] - On 22 November 2013, Grieve was reported as stating politicians need to ""wake up"" to the issue of corruption in some minority communities[31] and that ""corruption in parts of the Pakistani community is 'endemic'"".[32] Two days later he apologised and said he had not meant to suggest there was a ""particular problem in the Pakistani community"". - Grieve was sacked from the cabinet by David Cameron in July 2014 and replaced by Jeremy Wright. Grieve believed this was because of his support for the European Court of Human Rights, although no reason was given;[33] the sacking also occurred a few weeks after Grieve gave Cameron incorrect legal advice on whether he could make a public comment on the Andy Coulson trial.[34] - Grieve volunteered at the Sufra food bank in January 2015 to highlight issues relating to the increased use of food banks.[35] In October 2016, speaking at a fringe meeting of the Conservative party's annual conference, Grieve warned that electoral fraud is found ""where there are high levels of inhabitants from a community in which there is a tradition of electoral corruption in their home countries."" Although in the past he apologised for singling out the British Pakistani community, Grieve said it was not about any one group.[36] - In July 2019, following the appointment of Boris Johnson as Prime Minister, Grieve described Johnson as a ""charlatan"".[37] - On 3 September 2019, Grieve joined 20 other rebel Conservative MPs to vote against the Conservative government of Boris Johnson.[38] The rebel MPs voted with the Opposition against a Conservative motion which subsequently failed; the successful vote allowed a debate on a Bill which would block a no-deal Brexit.[39] Subsequently, all 21 were advised that they had lost the Conservative ""whip"",[40] expelling them as Conservative MPs, requiring them to sit as independents.[41][42] If they decided to run for re-election in a future election, the Party would block their selection as Conservative candidates.[39] In October 2019, Grieve announced that he was planning to stand again in his seat as an independent. The Liberal Democrats decided not to contest the Beaconsfield constituency (giving Grieve an increased chance at defeating the Conservative candidate Joy Morrissey). The deal was described at the time as ""the first significant move towards the formation of a 'remain alliance' at the general election"".[43] He polled 16,765 votes (29%) losing the seat to Morrisey who polled 32,477 votes (56%), a majority of 15,712 on a 75% electoral turnout.[44] - Grieve was opposed to Brexit before the 2016 referendum.[45] - In May 2017, prior to the general election and in support of the Conservative manifesto, Grieve stated on his website that ""the decision of the electorate in the Referendum must be respected and that I should support a reasoned process to give effect to it"".[46] - During the Brexit negotiation process, Grieve made a number of amendments against the Government's plans to leave the EU. The first was to give Parliament a ""meaningful vote"" over the Brexit agreement – i.e. to force a motion by Parliament to approve the Brexit agreement which would have a binding effect on the government. In December 2017, he tabled an amendment (Amendment 7) to the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill requiring any Brexit deal to be enacted by statute, rather than implemented by government order. The amendment was opposed by the government, but was passed in Parliament.[47] Another proposed amendment tabled on 12 June 2018 (Amendment 19), and again on 20 June, was designed to strengthen the binding effect of the meaningful vote, by requiring that the government follow the directions of a Parliamentary motion in the event that Parliament does not approve the withdrawal agreement put by the government. Grieve threatened to rebel but ultimately voted with the government against the amendment[48] after verbal assurances from Prime Minister Theresa May,[49] presented as a compromise;[50] the outcome was summarised by The Guardian as ""Technically, MPs can still have a vote on the final deal – or no deal – but unless it is a vote of confidence, the government can ignore it.""[51] Grieve's 3rd amendment in December 2018 would mean Parliament would replace the Government in deciding the outcome of Brexit following a vote against the Government's proposed deal with the EU.[52] - On 24 July 2018, Grieve wrote a column for The Independent[53] backing the online paper's final say petition, which calls for the British electorate to have a ""final say on the Brexit deal"".[54] The petition was also backed by the leader of the People's Vote campaign, MP Chuka Umunna.[55] Grieve stated that Brexit puts the Conservative Party's reputation for ""economic competence"" at risk.[56] - Grieve wrote that Theresa May risked a ""polite rebellion"" from pro-EU MPs and a ""significant"" number would support another referendum if there was no deal.[57] This followed a claim that Tory rebels are prepared to ""collapse the government"" to block a ""catastrophic"" Brexit deal.[4] - Grieve was one of the signatories of a December 2018 statement by a group of senior Conservatives calling for a second referendum over Brexit.[58] On 11 January 2019, during his speech to the convention for a second referendum, Grieve described Brexit as ""national suicide"".[59] Shortly afterwards, he co-founded the group Right to Vote.[60] He also declared that he would resign the whip if the Conservative Party elected Boris Johnson as a successor to Theresa May or if the government took Britain out of the EU without a deal.[61] - On 9 January 2019, Grieve made a successful amendment to a government business motion; The amendment was controversial due to unusual means it was permitted by Speaker John Bercow.[62] ""Conservatives are furious that Mr Bercow accepted the Grieve amendment, as parliamentary rules usually only allow a government minister to amend motions of this kind.""[63] ""The new Grieve amendment, now passed by MPs, means that in the event the PM loses next week, the Commons will then have a chance to vote on alternative policies - everything from a ""managed no-deal"" to a further referendum, via a ""Norway option"" or a reheated version of the current deal, could be on the table... MPs claim Mr Bercow broke Commons rules and ignored the advice of his own clerks.""[64] - Ultimately May's withdrawal deal was rejected and on 29 January 2019, Grieve's resulting amendment was defeated by the Government, supported by Labour rebels. The amendment would have ""Forced the government to make time for MPs to discuss a range of alternatives to the prime minister's Brexit plan on six full days in the Commons before 26 March.... which could have included alternative Brexit options such as Labour's plan, a second referendum, no deal and the Norway-style relationship"".[65] - On 29 March 2019 (the original planned date of Brexit), a motion of no confidence against Grieve was carried by his local party 182 votes to 131.[66][67] At this, Grieve said he'll carry on 'exactly as before'.[68] The motion triggers the first stage in the process of deselection.[69] Grieve accused ex-UKIP opponent, Jon Conway, of 'insurgency', claiming Conway was behind the motion; a claim that Conway denied.[70] Grieve has since been asked to apply for readoption by his local party.[71] - Grieve's proposal to block Government funding in order to enable MPs to have a vote on a No Deal Brexit was condemned by the Prime Minister Theresa May. Referencing Grieve's attempt to halt Government spending on pensions and schools, May stated ""Any attempt to deny vital funding to Whitehall departments would be grossly irresponsible"";[72] the pro-Brexit Telegraph newspaper condemned the actions as it ""risks taking our politics to new extreme"".[73] The attempt was, in any case, blocked by the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, and did not proceed to a vote.[74] - Grieve has been credited as a contributor to a Labour Party motion designed to prevent a no-deal Brexit, the plans were kept secret until their unveiling on 11 June 2019, when Conservative leadership candidates began their campaigns.[75] If successful, it would have seen MPs taking over the Westminster timetable on 25 June 2019 with a view to enshrining legislation which would prevent the UK from leaving the EU without a deal.[76] The motion was defeated by 309 votes to 298 the following day. Grieve said the motion was the ""last sensible opportunity"" to stop a no-deal Brexit. He added that in the future, if necessary, he would support efforts to bring down a Conservative government in a vote of no confidence if it was the only way to block such an outcome.[77] - Later in June 2019, Grieve successfully proposed amendments which sought to thwart no-deal Brexit prorogation. Grieve's first amendment to the 2019 Northern Ireland bill, which was initially a simple one intended to delay elections and budgets for the long-suspended Northern Ireland assembly and executive, required a minister to report to the Commons every two weeks until December on the progress of talks on restoring the Northern Ireland assembly – though it remained unclear whether this could be done as a written report, meaning the chamber would not necessarily have to sit. This was later changed via another amendment in the Lords, tabled by David Anderson, with support from Labour and the Liberal Democrats. This said the fortnightly reports demanded by Grieve's amendments would have to be debated within five calendar days of being produced, thus necessitating that the Commons sits. When the bill returned to the Commons Grieve then added another tweak via a last-minute amendment, intending to increase the power to block prorogation even more. It specified that if ministers could not meet the obligation to update the Commons because it was prorogued or adjourned, parliament would have to meet on the day necessary to comply with the obligation and for the following five weekdays.[78] - He is a practising Anglican and was a member of the London diocesan synod of the Church of England[12] for six years from 1994. He married barrister Caroline Hutton[12] in October 1990 in the City of London. They have two sons.[79] - He lists his hobbies as ""canoeing, boating on the Thames at weekends, mountain climbing, skiing and fell walking, architecture, art and travel"".[17][12] He was a police station lay visitor[12] for six years from 1990, and worked in Brixton on various bodies set up to reconcile the different communities after the riots. - Grieve is a Patron of Prisoners Abroad, a charity that supports the welfare of Britons imprisoned overseas and their families. - In 2009, Grieve's wealth was estimated at £3.1 million.[80] Grieve was criticised in 2008 for investments in multinational companies with significant projects in Zimbabwe.[81] -",2023-08-26 18:56:51 -Hercules (1984 video game) - Wikipedia,"Hercules is a platform video game written by Steve Bak for the Commodore 64 and published by Interdisc in 1984. It was reissued in 1986 by Alpha Omega and ported to the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Commodore 16, Plus/4, and ZX Spectrum. Alpha Omega changed its name to The Power House shortly after publishing the game. - As Hercules, the player must complete the Twelve Deathly Labours of Hercules. The player traverses from each screen's starting point to its goal by jumping between platforms, moving along them, and climbing ropes. The platforms are not as they seem when the level begins. Some turn to fire when walked on (killing the player) and others cannot be seen until walked on. - The game can begin with any one of eleven of the twelve labours (the twelfth is always kept until the end) and then every time the player dies or completes a labour, a different random labour begins. There are fifty screens in total. - The original Commodore 64 version was first released in 1984 by Interdisc. Although it received good reviews, the publisher was short-lived and the game was not widely promoted. It was later picked up by Alpha Omega (part of the CRL Group) and reissued in 1986 (at the £4.99 price point) when it was reviewed more widely. In late 1986, Alpha Omega became The Power House selling at the lower budget price point of £1.99. The game was ported and released by The Power House for the ZX Spectrum in 1986 and the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro and Commodore 16/Plus/4 in 1987. The Power House release includes an audio track by H.E.X. on the cassette after the game data. - Personal Computer Games reviewed the Commodore 64 version on original release. They particularly praised the fact the game restarts with a random task and the hidden and disappearing platforms which made playing the game ""...very dicy - and very exciting"". They concluded ""Hercules is a game that requires perseverance and patience to get started, but it's well worth the effort"" giving an overall score of 8/10.[2] - Zzap!64 also gave a positive review of the C64 version on reissue in 1986. Despite criticising the graphics and sound, the game was praised praise for being tricky, fast paced and addictive. The review concluded: ""Don't judge a book by its cover–beneath the awful exterior lies a superb platform game"" and awarded a score of 92%.[3] - Reviews of the Spectrum port were at best mixed, with the poor graphics and sound called-out. Your Sinclair awarded the game 3/10 with the author claiming he gave up in frustration.[4] Sinclair User found the game similarly ""unfair"" with ""unspeakably bad"" graphics but said it had some ""neat twists"" awarding an overall score of 2/5.[5] ZX Computing was more positive, giving a rating of ""good"". Although acknowledging the ""dreadful"" presentation and ""unplayable"" key sequence, the reviewer claimed the game ""proves the point that you don't have to have great graphics for it to be addictive"".[6] -",2023-08-26 18:56:55 -Trizerconoides - Wikipedia," - Trizerconoides is a genus of mites in the family Zerconidae.[1] - - This Mesostigmata article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:56:58 -Jason Graae - Wikipedia," - Jason Graae (pronounced ""grah""[1] or ""graw"", but not ""gray""[2]) (born 15 May 1958) is an American musical theater actor, best known for his musical theater performances but with a varied career spanning Broadway, opera, television and film.[3] He has won four Bistro Awards,[4] two Ovation Awards,[5][6] two New York Nightlife Awards, the Theatre Bay Area Award for Best Actor in a Musical[5][7] and the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Joel Hirschhorn Award for Outstanding Achievement in Musical Theatre.[8] - Though he was born in Chicago, Graae was educated in Tulsa, Oklahoma, at Edison Preparatory School where he played the oboe, acted in plays, and sang in the chorus.[1] He appeared in a production of the musical George M! in the seventh grade.[9] Graae was a member of the Tulsa Youth Symphony for four years in high school as the principal oboist. Following his passion for music, Graae went to Southern Methodist University in Dallas, hoping to become a concert oboist, but did not like his instructor's approach. He transferred to the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music only to have his previous instructor move there as well. Taking this as ""a sign from the musical gods"", he pursued a career in musical theatre instead.[1] He graduated in 1980 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in musical theatre from the now-merged University of Cincinnati – College-Conservatory of Music.[10][11][12] - His mother was a dancer in Broadway musicals who moved to Europe after marrying his father;[9] they fled from the Nazis in World War II and returned to the United States.[1] His father was also musical, playing cello in a symphony outside Chicago in his spare time (while working as a scientist), and his sister is a classical pianist.[2] Graae's first agent urged him to change his surname to ""Grey"" but he refused, wanting to honour his Danish father.[1] He described Victor Borge, who came to America on the same boat as his father as both fled the 1940 invasion of Denmark, as his main inspiration.[13] In 2007, his mother moved from Tulsa to Los Angeles to live with Graae and his partner. In an interview he said that ""life has indeed upheaved as I know it.... We're thinking of starting a new sitcom called 'Two Gays, a Dog and an Old Lady.'""[13] Graae came out to his mother in 1983, an experience recalled in his two-hander production The Prince and the Showboy with Faith Prince.[14] - Graae made his off-Broadway debut in Godspell with Liz Callaway in 1980, forming a friendship which had them performing together in cabarets nearly 30 years later.[15][16] He made his Broadway debut in Do Black Patent Leather Shoes Really Reflect Up?Jason created the role of Sparky in the musical Forever Plaid and was an original cast member alongside Stan Chandler, David Engel, and Guy Stroman, when it opened off-Broadway in 1989.[17] It ran at Steve McGraw's for over four years with more than 1800 performances[18] and, as his first hit show, helped him to become increasingly well known.[13] The original four cast members shared a Bistro Award for Forever Plaid. Around the same time, he was nominated for the 1993 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical for Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh.[19] In 1997, Graae starred in the US premiere of Ragtime in the role of Houdini.[20] Most recently, Jason traveled the U.S. for a year and 1/2 as the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in the National Tour of Wicked. - Graae's reputation has grown on Broadway with roles in the Rodgers and Hammerstein revue A Grand Night for Singing, Falsettos, Stardust, Snoopy!!!, and Do Black Patent Leather Shoes Really Reflect Up?.[3][21] His voice work in advertising includes as the Lucky Charms leprechaun[6] and representing Western Union Moneygrams,[21] and he performed a singing voice in the film Home on the Range for Disney.[6] He was the English voice for the protagonist Barry in the 2011 French animated film Sunshine Barry and the Disco Worms, co-starring Jane Lynch and David Bateson.[22] His television roles include recurring appearances as Chad on the Showtime series Rude Awakening and as Dennis on HBO's Six Feet Under. He has guest starred in TV shows including Friends, Frasier, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Caroline in the City, Living Single, and Providence,[21] as well as in films including The Dukes of Hazzard: Hazzard in Hollywood! and Geppetto. Graae has released commercial audio recordings including You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile: Jason Graae Sings Charles Strouse,[9] described as perfectly capturing ""the mood and atmosphere of the cabaret experience – from the entertaining 'novelty' songs which he infuses with his own apt sense of humor, to the ballads interpreted beautifully.""[12] Graae was uncertain about the album's cover photo in which he appears ""wearing nothing but a sly smile, a top hat (not on his head) and a cane"" – and he ""searched long and hard for the biggest hat [he] could find"" – but ultimately agreed that it would be intriguing and is glad he did it.[9] - In 2000, Graae was cast in Forbidden Broadway Y2K LA!, an updated version of the Forbidden Broadway franchise of revues which parody musical theatre.[23] The franchise had earlier spawned a spinoff a similar parody of the world of Hollywood in which Graae had appeared. He earned a nomination for an Ovation Award for Forbidden Hollywood and won an Ovation Award for Forbidden Broadway Y2K LA![5][6] He is included on the Forbidden Broadway: 20th Anniversary Edition cast album, the sixth in the series. He received an Ovation Award nomination for Anything Goes in 2003[16] and around the same time was developing his one-man show, Coup de Graae!. He has performed this show in numerous cities including New York, San Francisco, and Hollywood.[21] It was amongst Time Out New York’s top 10 cabaret acts of 2006.[24] Coup de Graae! includes songs and stories from Graae's life (featuring Rodgers and Hart, Jerry Herman, and the Bergmans), and references to his voice-over work; he is described as ""the complete entertainer, giddy, irreverent, mischievous and moving, often at the same time.""[21] The Los Angeles Times described the show as ""an eclectic banquet of standards, show tunes, pop songs, incisive wit, easygoing charm and a humorous dessert featuring his tale as the voice of 'Lucky the Leprechaun'.""[25] The show won a New York Nightlife Award for Graae.[5] He has developed other eponymous shows, including Graae's Anatomy (2007)[2] and 491⁄2 Shades of Graae (2014).[26] - In 2004, Graae took on the one-man play Fully Committed, which required him to perform 30 different roles in 80 minutes.[27] Praised for a hilarious performance in which he plays ""low-key charm as well as pile-driving obnoxiousness with equal skill,"" he earned an Artistic Director's Achievement Award for his performance.[6][27] In 2005, he won the third of his four Bistro Awards,[4] this one for Best Major Engagement for Coup de Graae![5] - The Joel Hirschhorn Award is given annually by the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle for ""outstanding achievement in musical theatre""; Graae was honoured with this award in 2007.[8] In 2008, he starred opposite Constance Towers in the Los Angeles revival of Arthur Allan Seidelman's production of Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks;[28] the play had premiered at the Geffen Playhouse in 2001 with Uta Hagen and David Hyde Pierce in the two roles.[29] Hyde Pierce and Graae worked together as long-lost identical twin brothers in a 1999 production of The Boys from Syracuse.[30] - In 2012, he worked with long-term friend Faith Prince on The Prince and the Showboy presented at the 54 Below nightclub.[24] The show includes tributes to Jerry Herman, composer of the musicals La Cage aux Folles and Hello Dolly!; Graae described Herman as ""a survivor of the highest degree [who] lives his life as an eternal optimist.""[24] The Herman material coalesces around Graae's recollections about coming out to his mother.[14] Prince and Graae won the New York Nightlife Award for outstanding musical comedy performer in January 2013.[7] - Graae performed in Little Me in its original form with 42nd Street Moon in San Francisco in 2013, under the direction of Eric Inman.[31] He received critical acclaim, being described as ""stepping into the roles previously inhabited by two of the most versatile entertainers in Broadway and Hollywood history"" and as having ""boundless energy and a staggering level of comedic talent"" as well as a ""quick wit (he's a master at ad libbing onstage) [which] came in handy when a fake moustache started to take on a life of its own"" on opening night.[31] While collaborating with 42nd Street Moon, he performed in Once In Love With Loesser, developed by the company's artistic director Greg MacKellan as one of his musical tributes dedicated to exploring and celebrating the work of some of Broadway's greatest songwriters. The performance was built around the three stages of Frank Loesser's career: as a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, his work in Hollywood, and finally as a Broadway songwriter. Graae performed Once In Love With Amy (from Where's Charley?) and The King's New Clothes (from the 1952 Danny Kaye film Hans Christian Andersen) and was described as having ""scored strongly"".[32] - In 2015–16, Graae took on the iconic role of Ebeneezer Scrooge in the premiere of a new musical, Scrooge in Love! written by Duane Poole, (music by Larry Grossman and lyrics by Kellan Blair), at San Francisco's Eureka Theatre.[33] In a twist on the Dickens classic, rather than being miserly, this Scrooge sees money as a cure-all and takes generosity overboard. His performance was praised as providing an ""often puckish Scrooge who alternates between knowing how to sell a punch line and humanizing the old man's neuroses.""[33] For his performance as Scrooge, Jason won the 2016 Theatre Bay Area Award as Best Actor in a Musical and the San Francisco Bay Area Theatre Critics Circle nominated Graae for an Excellence in Theatre Award in the category of best principal actor in a musical .[34] - Graae gave a series of well-received performances in a concert version of the musical The Pajama Game at the Musical Theatre Guild in Los Angeles in 2016.[35] In October 2016, he performed in a concert version of Stephen Sondheim and George Furth's Merrily We Roll Along, winner of the Drama Desk Award and Olivier Award for Best Musical.[36] In March 2017 he is scheduled to appear with Liz Callaway in Happily Ever Laughter billed as an evening of ""love songs, high belting, and hilarity"" at Annenberg Theater in the Palm Springs Art Museum in Palm Springs CA.[37] - Graae made his operatic debut with the Metropolitan Opera in Twyla Tharp's Everlast in conjunction with the American Ballet Theatre.[38] He has also sung with the Washington National Opera and the Boston Pops.[21] His Los Angeles Opera debut was in 2001 in the role of Njegus in The Merry Widow.[39] Performing with the Michigan Opera Theatre in the same role earned him a nomination for an Oscar Wilde Award in the category of Best Performance – Opera.[40][41] He has played the roles of Offenbach in The Grand Duchess with the Los Angeles Opera, and Frosch in Die Fledermaus with the San Francisco Opera, Washington National Opera, Houston Grand Opera and the Manhattan School of Music.[36] - Graae married his partner, fashion designer Glen Fretwell in 2014.[42] -",2023-08-26 18:57:01 -Alone (2020 horror film) - Wikipedia,"Alone (released in the UK as Final Days) is a 2020 American horror film directed by Johnny Martin and starring Tyler Posey and Donald Sutherland.[1] The film follows a young man who barricades himself inside his apartment during a zombie apocalypse.[2] The film was released on October 16, 2020. - A young man is recording a video log on his laptop saying goodbye right before he is about to hang himself in his apartment. - The young man is Aidan (Tyler Posey). Forty-two days before his suicide attempt, he was living a peaceful life awaking from a tryst with a random girl. During that morning, a violent outbreak happens outside his apartment; everyone is being attacked by infected people called Screamers. Aidan encounters his first Screamer via his neighbor Brandon, who entered Aidan's apartment after being attacked by his roommate. Aidan threatens Brandon with a kitchen knife to leave after noticing a wound in the back of his neck, later Brandon begins to turn, and Aidan gets him out of his apartment in time before the change is complete. - On the news, Aidan learns the virus is transferred by bite and scratching. The symptoms of being infected include bleeding eyes, rage, cannibalism, inhuman screaming, and repeating the last words said before turning. The news reports that the Screamers are aware of what they're doing but can not stop themselves; their repeated use of their last words are an attempt to plead for someone to stop them. Aidan tries contacting his family but the signal is not working on his phone. He can receive the text messages his Dad sent him, informing Aidan that his sister got away but is out of contact. He and Aidan's mom are trying to reach Aidan but are having trouble with the outbreak. The last message is for Aidan to 'Stay Alive' and not leave his home till they arrive. - Aidan follows his Dad's orders and isolates himself in the apartment. Over time he tallies the days that pass on his bathroom mirror, keeps video logs on his laptop, and tries to keep himself entertained. Eventually, he begins to run out of food, the water in his building is cut off, and he begins to hallucinate about his parents. He receives his first real threat when a Screamer breaks into his home using the air ducts connecting the rooms. He fights the Screamer off with a baseball bat and dumps the body off his balcony while sealing the vent the Screamer crashed through. - He finally receives a voicemail from his mother. His emotional state takes a turn for the worst when he listens and learns that his parents died while hiding from Screamers. Aidan suffers an emotional breakdown and falls into despair. - Having no hope left, he attempts suicide, calling back to the opening of the story when he recorded his last video log. The moment he readies to hang himself he sees a woman on a balcony across from his, a normal human woman. He gives up his suicide attempt and now has found renewed hope. He contacts her the next morning using premade cue cards and learns her name is Eva. The two strike up a friendship, with Aidan offering his reserved bottled water for her. He later gets Brandon's keys and grabs the remaining food and rock climbing gear to help Eva, even finding radios for them to communicate. - Aidan and Eva bond more and decide for Eva to escape to Aidan's room. He first travels the air ducts to find more supplies for them to wait it out. Aidan hits jackpot when he enters a room stocked with food, but Eva warns him to leave as the room is barricaded with no one inside signaling it may be a trap. Aidan is surprised by Edward (Donald Sutherland), an older survivor who entered the room before Aidan after the original tenant killed himself. Edward and Aidan initially have a conversation about the situation and different philosophies about life after death, then Edward hits Aidan with his bat while his guard is down. - Edward ties Aidan up in the bedroom to be a sacrifice for his wife, who has turned. Aidan is saved when Eva calls the radio, providing a distraction that allows Aidan to escape and feed Edward to his wife. He grabs his belongings and runs to his room, drops from his balcony to the ground using a makeshift rope of bed sheets, fights off Screamers, and makes it to Eva. They both fight to return to Aidan's apartment, with Eva entering the room first while Aidan fights off a Screamer. He returns covered in blood but believes he's been infected when a mark on his shirt is revealed. He goes to jump to his death so he won't turn and kill Eva who pleads for him not to leave her. After removing his shirt they are both overjoyed to see there is no bite and Aidan won't turn. They run to Aidan's door to hold the refrigerator back against it, stopping the Screamers from entering. They promise to survive together till the end. - The film was released via video-on-demand on October 16, 2020 and on DVD and Blu-ray on October 20, 2020.[4][6] - The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes surveyed eight critics and, categorizing the reviews as positive or negative, assessed two as positive and six as negative for a 25% rating. Among the reviews, it determined an average rating of 4.8/10.[7] -",2023-08-26 18:57:05 -Dominican Republic national badminton team - Wikipedia,"The Dominican Republic national badminton team (Spanish: Equipo nacional de bádminton de la República Dominicana) represents Dominican Republic in international badminton team competitions.[1] It is controlled by the Dominican Republic Badminton Federation. The Dominican Republic team finished 5th in the 2018 Pan Am Badminton Championships. - The Dominican Republic hosted the 2017 Pan Am Badminton Championships and achieved 5th place. The national team also competes in the Pan American Games. They won a bronze medal in men's doubles. - Men's team - - Women's team - - Mixed team - - -The following players were selected to represent the Dominican Republic at the 2022 Pan Am Male & Female Badminton Cup.[2] -",2023-08-26 18:57:09 -Department of Home (Kerala) - Wikipedia,"The Home Department (Malayalam: ആഭ്യന്തര വകുപ്പ്) is a administrative department of the Government of Kerala. It plays a key role in maintenance of law and order in the state of Kerala. The department oversees the maintenance of law and order, prevention and control of crime, prosecution of criminals besides dealing with fire services and prisons administration. - The department is also responsible for the functioning of State Police, Prisons and Correctional Services, Fire and Rescue Services, Civil Defence and Home Guards. The department is also the cadre controlling authority of Indian Police Service (IPS) (Kerala Cadre) and Kerala Police Service (KPS). The Chief Minister generally serves as the departmental minister, and the Additional Chief Secretary (Home & Vigilance), an IAS officer, is the administrative head of the department.[1][2] Pinarayi Vijayan is the current Home Minister of Kerala.[3] - The Home Department is led by the Minister for Home, who is a political appointee responsible for making policy decisions and providing strategic direction. The minister in charge of the home department is Pinarayi Vijayan, the chief minister of Kerala. Assisting the Minister is the Home Secretary also known as the Additional Chief Secretary, a senior IAS officer, who handles the day-to-day administrative affairs of the department. The Additional Chief Secretary (Home and Vigilance) is assisted by additional secretaries, joint secretaries and deputy secretaries at the secretariat. [4] - All these departments are inter-linked and co-ordinated by the Home department.[5][6][7] -",2023-08-26 18:57:12 -Bernardini (company) - Wikipedia,"The Bernardini S/A Industria e Comercio (Bernardini Industrial and Commerce Company), of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was a safe manufacturer which operated from 1912 to 1992. During its later years it branched out into vehicle production. - This Brazilian corporation or company article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.",2023-08-26 18:57:16 -Musongati Gitega FC - Wikipedia,"Musongati Gitega Football Club, also known as Musongati Football Club, is a football club based in Gitega, Burundi. The club currently plays in the first division, Burundi Ligue A.[1][2] - Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. - Ligue A runners-up (1): 2019/2020[4][5] - CAF (1): 2020 - Home: Musongati 2-2 Green Eagles[8] -Away: Green Eagles 2-1 Musongati[9] -",2023-08-26 18:57:20 +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e6f196db1dd2d962da0ca80834301b039c11e9e73497cb1e857cc84158b66851 +size 19684637