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mzinda wa Lilongwe pa chigawo chapakati la dziko la Malawi


assistant
Lilongwe (UK: , US: , Chichewa: [ɽiˈɽoᵑɡʷe]) ndi likulu komanso mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri m'dziko la Africa kuno ku Malawi. Ili ndi anthu 989,318 pofika pa Census ya 2018, kuchokera pa anthu 674,448 mu 2008. Mu 2020 chiwerengerochi chinali 1,122,000. Mzindawu uli m’chigawo chapakati cha dziko la Malawi, m’chigawo cha dzina lomweli, kufupi ndi malire a dziko la Mozambique ndi Zambia, ndipo ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pazachuma ndi mayendedwe m’chigawo chapakati cha dziko la Malawi. Amatchedwa dzina la mtsinje wa Lilongwe.

Mbiri
Mzinda wa Lilongwe unakhazikitsidwa koyamba ndi mtsogoleri waderali Njewa mchaka cha 1902, ndipo pambuyo pake unakhala likulu la boma mu 1904. M'zaka za m'ma 1920, malo omwe anali pamphambano za misewu ikuluikulu adakulitsa kufunikira kwake ngati malo ogulitsa zaulimi kudera lachonde. Region Plateau.Monga malo ochitira malonda, Lilongwe idadziwika kuti ndi tawuni mu 1947. Atalandira ufulu wodzilamulira, idakula kukhala likulu lazamalonda m'chigawo chapakati cha Malawi.
Mu 1965, pulezidenti woyamba wa dziko la Malawi, Hastings Kamuzu Banda, anausankha ngati malo otukula chuma kumpoto ndi pakati pa dziko la Malawi. Maofesi aboma omaliza adasamutsidwira ku Lilongwe mchaka cha 2005. Ntchito zachitukuko za zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980 zidaphatikizapo kumanga bwalo la ndege la Lilongwe International Airport, lomwe limatumikira mzindawu; kulumikiza njanji ku Salima kummawa ndi kumalire ndi Zambia kumadzulo; madera mafakitale kumpoto kwa mzinda; ndi pulogalamu yaulimi ya minda yachonde ya fodya ku Central Region Plateau. Chiwerengero cha anthu mumzinda wa Lilongwe chikukula kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu mumzindawu chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo chaka ndi chaka chikukula ndi 4.3%.

Mbiri yokonzekera
Dongosolo loyamba la mzinda wa Lilongwe lidasindikizidwa mu 1955, chigamulo chisanapangidwe mu 1965 chochotsa likulu la mzinda wa Lilongwe kupita ku Lilongwe. Zolinga za kusamukaku zinali kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka Boma poyang'ana kayendetsedwe ka Boma Lapakati mumzinda umodzi ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko m'madera apakati ndi kumpoto pokhazikitsa malo okulirapo pakati pa dziko. Alangizi adasankhidwa kuti akonzekeretse Lilongwe Master Plan, yomwe idamalizidwa mu 1968. Mfundo zambiri zomwe zidalembedwa mu Master Plan zidakhazikitsidwa pamapulani otsatirawa. Loyamba mwa izi linali Lilongwe Outline Zoning Plan 1969. Linakonzedwa kuti lifotokoze momveka bwino malingaliro a Master Plan ndi kusintha mbali zomwe boma linkaganiza kuti zinali zosayenera.
Ndondomeko ya ku Lilongwe Outline Zoning idatsogolera kuyambika kwa likulu la mzindawu. Liner, mawonekedwe amizinda ambiri adatengedwa kuti apewe mavuto omwe angabwere ndi malo amodzi. Cholinga chake chinali kugwirizanitsa malo okhala, ntchito, ndi ntchito zozungulira malo aliwonse, kuti achepetse kuyenda mtunda wautali. Panali malo anayi oterowo, ndipo lililonse linali lolunjika pagawo lina la mzindawo.

(a) Old Town Primary Commercial Centre, yomwe ili ndi mapasa omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku Area 2 (Bwalonjobyu) ndi Area 3 (Kang'ombe)
(b) City Center, kutumikira gawo la Capital Hill
(c) Kanengo Primary Commercial Centre in Area 25/2 (Bvunguti)
(d) Lumbadzi Primary Commercial Centre, based on the established trading center in Area 53/2 (Kalimbakatha).

Cholinga chinali kukwaniritsa chitukuko choyenera cha nyumba, mafakitale ndi malonda, pakati pa zina. Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri cha mzindawu chinali malo ake okongola. Kuyambira pachiyambi panali kudera nkhawa kuti pakhale malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri, monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira likulu la dzikoli. pa chitukuko cha mzinda. Zotsatira zake zinali za Lilongwe Urban Structure Plan ya 1978. Izi zinaphatikizapo kusintha malire ndi ntchito yatsopano yokonzekera pa Lumbadzi ndi Kamuzu International Airport. Dongosololi ndilo linali chikoka chachikulu pa ndondomeko yokonzekera.
Mu 1986, gawo loyamba lachitukuko lidatha, mzindawu udakhazikitsidwa bwino ndipo kukula kwake kwamtsogolo kudatsimikizika. Mbali yaikulu ya misewu inali itamangidwa ndipo panali madzi ndi magetsi. Chitukuko cha m’matauni chinali kuchitika m’magawo onse anayi a mzindawo. Gawo la Old Town linali litatsala pang'ono kutukuka; gawo la Capital Hill lidapangidwa pafupifupi theka; ndipo magawo a Kanengo ndi Lumbadzi adatukuka pafupifupi kotala limodzi.
Ndondomeko ya Zounikira Malo a Lilongwe idakhazikitsidwa ndipo idawonetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za likulu latsopanoli. Dongosololi lidawunikidwanso ndipo dera la mzinda woyenerera lidakulitsidwa ndikuphatikiza Area 56 ndi Area 57. Kenako Area 58 idawonjezedwa kudera lamzindawu molingana ndi Kalembera wa Anthu ndi Nyumba mu 2008. Cholinga cha 1986 cha Outline Zoning Scheme chinali kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika m'matauni komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo moyenera mayendedwe ndi zolinga zina. Dongosololi lidagwira ntchito mpaka 2000, koma silinasinthidwe pambuyo pa chaka cha 2000 chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma, zaukadaulo komanso zantchito.
Poyankha pempho la Boma la Malawi (GoM), Boma la Japan (GoJ) lidaganiza zopanga "Study of Urban Development Master Plan for Lilongwe", yomwe idaperekedwa ku Japan International Co-operation Agency (JICA). ), molingana ndi Mgwirizano wa Mgwirizano wa Zaukadaulo pakati pa GoM ndi GoJ, womwe udasainidwa pa 15 Novembara 2008. Kafukufukuyu adachitidwa limodzi ndi gulu lofufuza la JICA ndi bungwe lina la Malawi kwa miyezi khumi ndi inayi kuyambira Juni 2009 mpaka September 2010. Pa 20 July 2011, lipoti la Study of Urban Development Master Plan la mzinda wa Lilongwe linavomerezedwa ndi nduna ya za nthaka, nyumba ndi chitukuko cha m’matauni.
Ntchito ya Project for Urban Plan and Development Management ya mzinda wa Lilongwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira November 2012, mothandizidwa ndi JICA. Akatswiri a bungwe la JICA anathandiza khonsolo ya mzinda wa Lilongwe pokonzanso ndondomeko ya Urban Structure Plan.
Dera lolamulidwa ndi mzinda wa Lilongwe, kuphatikiza Area 58, ndi 393 km2 ndipo lili ndi anthu pafupifupi 989,318 malinga ndi kalembera wa anthu ndi nyumba wa 2018. Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko ya kagawo yomwe ilipo idakonzedwa kuti ikweze magawo anayi a (1) Old Town Sector, (2) Capital Hill Sector, (3) Kanengo Sector ndi (4) Lumbadzi Sector, dera la m’tauni likukulirakulira mpaka madera akummwera, kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa chigawo chakale cha mzindawu. Mizinda yosakonzekera yomwe anthu okhala m’madera osaloledwa akukhalamo yakula pafupifupi m’madera onse. Madera ena ali ndi vuto la anthu okhala m'malo osaloledwa omwe akukhala malo okonzedwa kuti atukule mafakitale ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira mwachangu ndikuteteza malo okulirapo oti amangidweko.

Ndale

Boma laling'ono
Mzinda wa Lilongwe umayang’aniridwa ndi khonsolo ya mzinda wa Lilongwe yomwe ili ndi chipani cha Malawi Congress Party.

Nyumba yamalamulo
Nyumba yamalamulo ya Malawi ili ku Lilongwe.


Chiwerengero cha anthu

Anthu akale
Chiwerengero cha anthu mu mzinda wa Lilongwe chakwera kuchoka pa anthu osakwana 20,000 mchaka cha 1966 kufika pa anthu pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi mchaka cha 2018. Izi zidakwera kwambiri ndipo zapangitsa kuti zisakasa zitukuke kuzungulira mzindawu.

Mafuko 
Malinga ndi kalembera wa 2018, 42.28% ya mzinda wa Lilongwe ndi Achewa omwe amapanga fuko lalikulu kwambiri. Anthu a fuko laling’ono lalikulu kwambiri mumzindawo anali Angoni, omwe anali ndi anthu 17.13 pa 100 alionse. Mitundu ina yaing’ono inali Lomwe 14.48% ya anthu, Yao 12.11%, Tumbuka 6.46%, Mang’anja 1.86%, Sena 1.78%, Tonga 1.56%, Nyanja 0.67%, Nkhonde 0.63%. Lambya ndi 0.35%, Sukwa ndi 0.04% yokha, ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi 0.64% ya anthu.

Chipembedzo

Chipembedzo chachikulu mu mzinda wa Lilongwe ndi Church of Central Africa Presbyterian chomwe chili ndi 23.15%. Chipembedzo chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu ochepa mumzindawu ndi Chikatolika chokhala ndi 17.28%. Zipembedzo zina zing’onozing’ono zikuphatikizapo Seventh-day Adventist, Baptist, and Apostolic ndi 10.35% kuphatikiza, Pentekosti ndi 8.6%, Anglican 2.31%, mipingo ina yachikhristu ndi 21.67%, Chisilamu 11.12%, Traditional ndi 0.34%, zipembedzo zina 38%. , ndipo palibe chipembedzo chokhala ndi 1.73% ya anthu.

Jogolofe

Topography
Lilongwe ili pamalo otsetsereka ku Central Malawi, kumapanga gawo la chigwa cha East Africa Rift Valley chomwe chili pamtunda wa 1,050 m (3,440 ft) pamwamba pa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Lilongwe.


Magawidwe
Lilongwe wagawika kukhala Mzinda Watsopano ndi Wakale. Akale amakhala ndi mahotela, akazembe, mabungwe aboma, ndi maofesi pomwe omaliza amakhala ndi misika, malo okwerera mabasi, malo odyera ndi malo odyera. Mashopu amakono amzindawu amasiyanitsidwa ndi misika yamisewu ndi mipanda ya Old Town.


Nyumba
Pali malo onse okhalamo ocheperako ku Area 12. Pali madera ena ku Area 3, 9, 10, 11, 38, 42, 43, 45, 59 ndi 61 mu 2030.
Pali malo onse okhala m'dera lapakati pa Area 15. Pali madera ena ku Area 2, 6, 14, 41, 43, 47, 52, 54, 55 ndi 58 mu 2030.
Madera omwe nthawi zambiri amamanga nyumba zokhala ndi anthu ambiri ndi 7, 18 ndi 21. Pali madera ena ku Area 1, 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 38, 39, 43, 46, 47 , 49, 50, 53, 58 ndi 61 mu 2030.
Malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera kwambiri ndi 17. Pali madera ena ku Area 3, 9, 26, 33, 37, 42 ndi 52 mu 2030.
Madera omwe makamaka ndi nyumba za "Quasi-Residential" ndi 36, 50, 56 ndi 57(Chinsapo). Pali madera ena ku Area 1, 22, 23, 24, 25, 35, 38, 43, 44, 49, 51, 53, 58, 59, 60, 61 ndi 62 mu 2030. 10.2 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Pazamalonda

Zamalonda
Gulu la "Zamalonda" linali gulu lokhalo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda mu 1986 Zoning Scheme. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka mokhazikika komanso kuti likulu la mzindawu likhale labwino komanso lokongola, Master Plan yawonjezera gulu lina lotchedwa "High-Rise Commercial", pomwe nyumba zansanjika zambiri zimakhazikika. Gulu logawa malowa lizigwiritsidwa ntchito pakatikati pa mzinda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo kwa Old Town kudzayendetsedwa ngati malonda. Kutsatira kugwiritsira ntchito nthaka mokhazikika kumapangitsa kuti malo onse amalonda ndi okwera kwambiri asakanizidwe ndi malo okhala. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka kwa mafakitale kuyenera kukhala, makamaka, kupatukana ndi malo amalonda pakatikati.
Madera omwe ali mugululi lachitukuko akuphatikizapo Area 4, 5 ndi gawo la Area 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 22, 27, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 43, 46, 47 , 49, 50, 52, 53,54, 58, 60 ndi 61 mu 2030.
Madera osankhidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito malonda apamwamba akuphatikizapo Area 13, 16,19 ndi mbali za Area 31, 32 ndi 42 mu 2030. 10.3 Industrial Land Use.

Industrial

Mawu oti "mafakitale" anali gulu lokhalo logwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale mu 1986 Zoning Scheme. Poganizira kukweza ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mafakitale, kugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira mafakitale kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Imodzi ndi "mafakitale olemera/akuluakulu" omwe ali mdera la Kanengo. Wina ndi "mafakitale opepuka".
Pali madera onse a malo olemera/akuluakulu ku Area 28 ndi 29. Pali madera ena ku Area 26, 27, 39, 50, 51 ndi 52 mu 2030.
Pali madera ena opangira mafakitale opepuka ku Area 38, 46, 47, 49, 60 ndi 61 mu 2030.


Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa boma

Mabungwe aboma amagwiritsa ntchito malo okulirapo. Mwachitsanzo, malo a State House ku Area 44 amakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 555. Capital Hill ndi gulu la mabungwe aboma. Malowa ndi aakulu kwambiri ku Area 20. Panthawiyi, likulu la apolisi lili ku Area 30. Master Plan inapereka gawo linalake la malo omwe maboma adzakhazikika mtsogolo. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chitukuko ndi kayendetsedwe ka nyumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta kumadera ena. Komabe, Area 35 pomwe malo ankhondo ndi zida zankhondo zikuyenera kukhala zankhondo zogwiritsa ntchito nthaka.
Madera otsatirawa adasungidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma ku Area 40. Malo a Boma amatenga malo ambiri ku Area 30, 35 ndi mbali za Area 3, 20, 31 ndi 44 mu 2030.

Open Space/Greenery Land

Malo Otseguka/Obiriwira Kugwiritsa ntchito malo otseguka ndi zobiriwira kumaphatikizapo magawo asanu otsatirawa 1) Malo Opatulika a Zachilengedwe, 2) Malo Osungiramo Mapaki ndi Zosangalatsa, 3) Malo Obiriwira / Malo Otseguka, 4) Ulimi ndi 5) Zankhalango. Mzinda wa Lilongwe ukudzitama kuti muli malo opatulika achilengedwe mkatikati mwa mzindawu. Izi ziyenera kusungidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo.


Kukula kwa malo akumatauni

Kutengera zotsatira za kafukufuku wa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo, kukula kwa mizinda sikunapangitse kukula kwa magawo anayi a magawo anayi: i) Lumbadzi, ii) Kanengo, iii) Capital Hill, ndi iv) Old Town. M'malo mwake, kukula kwa mzindawu kwakhazikika m'malo awiri akulu azachuma (Old Town ndi City Center). Njira yokulira m'matauni tsopano ikufika kumwera, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kumwera chakumadzulo komanso kumadzulo popeza madera ambiri okhalamo amalumikizana kwambiri ndi malo azachuma. Potengera momwe mzinda wa Lilongwe udzakhalire mtsogolo, Cluster Shape Development idakhazikitsidwa ngati njira ina ya Urban Spatial Development. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kukula kwa magulu am'magulu kumakhala kodziwika pakati pa okonza mapulani akumatauni padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa ndi njira yabwino yofotokozera madera pazosankha zachitukuko komanso kupewa kufalikira kosatha komanso kosasankha kwa madera.

Nambala ya nyumba ndi zozungulira

Madera
Mzinda wa Lilongwe wagawika m’madera omwe apatsidwa angapo. Manambalawa amaperekedwa motsatira nthawi, osati malo, kotero Area 1 ingakhale malo oyamba, Gawo 2 lachiwiri ndi zina zotero. Malo omangidwa mu mzinda wa Lilongwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe ali pakati pa Old Town ndi City Center. Mzinda wa Lilongwe uli ndi Madera 1-58. Kalembera wa mchaka cha 2008 anali ataphatikiza kale Area 58 ngati gawo la mzinda wa Lilongwe, kusintha kuchokera ku boma la Lilongwe. Ntchito yopititsa patsogolo nyumba ndi kufalikira kwa mizinda kukuchitika mu mzinda wa Lilongwe makamaka kuchigawo cha kummwera. Kukula kwa mizinda tsopano kukukulirakulira kumwera chakum'mawa, ndipo kumadzulo mpaka pang'ono. M'malo mwake, kuchulukana kwamatawuni kukukulirakulira kupitilira malire ena akummwera (Area 36, ​​38, 46, 56, 57 ndi 58).


Nambala zanyumba
Nyumba ku Lilongwe zimapatsidwa nambala: Nambala ya dera/nambala yachisawawa. Chifukwa chake nyumba ku Area 43 imatha kutchedwa 43/123.


Nyengo
Ku Lilongwe kuli nyengo yachinyezi (Köppen: Cwa) yomwe imadutsana ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri (Köppen: Cwb), yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri komanso nyengo yachisanu. Chifukwa cha kukwera kwake, kutentha kumatsika kuposa mmene tingayembekezere mumzinda womwe uli m’madera otentha. Ku Lilongwe kuli nyengo yamvula yaifupi yomwe imayambira mu Disembala mpaka Marichi, nyengo yachisanu yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, komanso chilimwe chofunda chomwe chimayambira Seputembala mpaka Novembala. Komabe, mzindawu umagwa mvula yambiri m’nyengo ya mvula yamkuntho, mvula ikugwa pafupifupi mamilimita 200 m’mwezi umodzi m’miyezi yamvula kwambiri.


Chuma

Ngakhale kuti mzinda wa Blantyre ndi likulu la zamalonda m’Malawi, chuma cha Lilongwe chili m’manja mwa boma komanso mabungwe a boma. Kanengo, kumpoto kwa mzindawu, ndi malo opangira mafakitale, komwe amakonza chakudya, kusunga ndi kugulitsa fodya, kusunga chimanga, ndi ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi mafakitale opepuka. Ndalama, mabanki, malonda ogulitsa, zomangamanga, zoyendera, kayendetsedwe ka boma, zokopa alendo, ndi kupanga fodya ndizo ntchito zazikulu zachuma mumzindawu.
Anthu 76 pa 100 alionse a mumzinda wa Lilongwe amakhala m’malo osakasaka, pamene umphaŵi uli pa 25 peresenti ndipo ulova uli pa 16 peresenti.
Ogwira ntchito m’boma amalemba anthu pafupifupi 27 pa 100 aliwonse, pamene 40 pa 100 alionse amagwira ntchito m’bungwe laokha ndipo 2 pa 100 alionse ndi odzilemba okha.


Transportation

Airport 
Kamuzu International Airport (LLW) ili kumpoto kwa mzindawu, pafupifupi makilomita 7 kuchokera ku City Center (Central Business District). Kamuzu International Airport ndiye eyapoti yakale kwambiri mdziko muno.


Mabasi
Pali mabasi anthawi zonse ochokera ku Lilongwe kupita ku Blantyre, Zomba, Kasungu ndi Mzuzu. Mabasi apadziko lonse opita ku South Africa, Zambia ndi Tanzania amapezeka tsiku lililonse.
Primary road network ndi north–south axis (M1), inner ring road, outer ring road, Nacala corridor (part of the western bypass), radial roads and Kamuzu International Airport (KIA) access road. Msewu wamkati wa mphete umalumikizana ndi M1 ndi misewu ina ikuluikulu yomwe imagwira ntchito m'malo azamalonda / oyang'anira m'maboma apakati (CBD). Msewu wakunja wa mphete umagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto okhudzana ndi mafakitale ndipo umapewa kudutsa m'dera lalikulu lomangidwa mumzindawu.


Njanji
Ku Lilongwe kuli njanji. Kumadzulo njanji ya Sena imalowera ku Zambia, ndipo chakum'mawa njanji ya Sena imadutsa ku Salima.


Maphunziro
University of Malawi idakhazikitsidwa mu 1964.
Pali masukulu 38 a private (Bedir Star International School, Bishop Mackenzie International school etc.) ndi masukulu 66 aboma a pulaimale omwe ali ndi ophunzira 103,602 komanso masukulu a sekondale 29 omwe ali ndi ophunzira 30,795 ku Lilongwe.


Malo olambirira
Mwa malo opembedzeramo, ndi matchalitchi ndi akachisi achikhristu ambiri: Lutheran Church of Central Africa (Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference), Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Baptist Convention of Malawi (Baptist World Alliance), Assemblies wa Mulungu, Archdayosizi ya Roma Katolika ya Lilongwe (Mpingo wa Katolika). Palinso mizikiti ya Asilamu.


Sport 
Bwalo lamasewera latsopano lokwana 40,000 lamangidwa mothandizidwa ndi ngongole ya $70 miliyoni yochokera ku boma la People's Republic of China. Bwaloli limatchedwa Bingu National Stadium lomwe linatsegulidwa mwalamulo kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2017. Mabwalo ena a mpira ndi monga Silver Stadium (Area 47), Civo Stadium (Area 9) ndi Nankhaka Ground (Area 30). Magulu akulu ku Lilongwe ndi Silver Strikers, Civo Sporting, Blue Eagles ndi Kamuzu Barracks.
Basketball imasewera ku African Bible College, Civo Court, Don Bosco, ndi mabungwe ena aboma. Masewero ena ku Lilongwe ndi monga Netball yomwe imaseweredwa ku Gateway Mall, Don Bosco, Nankhaka ndi ABC.
Palinso mpikisano wa Rugby Union womwe uli mumzindawu, ndipo magulu angapo akupikisana.

Matauni awiri - mizinda ya alongo

Lilongwe ndi mapasa ndi:

 Taipei, Taiwan (kuyambira 1984)
 Lusaka, Zambia (2004)