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mapiri a Viphya mu dziko la Malawi


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Mapiri a Viphya, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Viphya Plateau kapena Viphya Highlands, ndi mapiri a kumpoto kwa Malawi. Mawu akuti viphya amatanthauza "Zatsopano(zinthu)" m'chinenero cha Tumbuka.

Jogolafe
Mtsinjewu umachokera kumpoto chakum'mawa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Malawi. Mtundawu umatalika pafupifupi makilomita 210 kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera, ndipo phiri la Champhila (1768 m) lili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chigawocho, ndi phiri la Uzumara (1920m) chakumpoto. Chigwa cha Mzimba chili cha kumadzulo. Phiri la Chimaliro (2050 m.) lili kumpoto kwa derali, pafupifupi makilomita 40 kumpoto kwa Mzuzu. Mtsinje wa Kumwera kwa Rukuru umakhetsa chigwa cha Mzimba ndi mapiri a kumadzulo kwa mapiri. Kummwera kwa Rukuru kumadutsa chakumpoto chakum’mawa ku Nyanja ya Malawi, ndipo m’munsi mwa mtsinjewu umatanthawuza mapeto a kumpoto kwa mtsinjewu, kulekanitsa mapiri a Viphya ndi Nyika Plateau kumpoto kwa mtsinjewo. Malo otsetsereka a kum’mawa amakokedwa ndi mtsinje wa Luweya ndi mitsinje ina yomwe imathira m’nyanja ya Malawi.
Kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa chigawocho kumasiyanitsidwa ndi chishalo chapansi cha mapiri. Tawuni ya Mzuzu ili m’mphepete mwa chishalo chakumadzulo, ndipo msewu wa M5 Highway ku Malawi umadutsa chishalocho kukalumikiza Mzuzu ndi Nkhata Bay pa Nyanja ya Malawi.

Chiyambi
Mitundu ya zomera m'mapiri imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukwera kwake. Nkhalango za Miombo zimakula m'munsi mwa 1600 mamita okwera, ndi madera a nkhalango zotsika ndi udzu. Pamwamba pa mtunda wa mamita 1600, udzu wa Afromontane, nkhalango, nkhalango, ndi nkhalango ndi madera akuluakulu a zomera, okhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumapiri oyandikana nawo. Reserve. Ficalhoa laurifolia ndi Cryptocarya liebertiana ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yophukira m'nkhalango yamvula.Mts. Uzumara ndi Chimaliro amathandiza madera a montane rainforest, ndi Ficalhoa laurifolia ndi Ocotea sp. monga mitengo yayikulu, komanso pansi pazitsamba za Acanthaceae. Mt. Uzumara ndi kum'mwera kwa mitundu ya agulugufe, Papilio bromius, P. jacksoni ndi Charaxes nyikensis. Nkhalango za Mtangatanga ndi Perekezi, zomwe zili kumadzulo kwa mapiri a miombo, zimateteza nkhalango za miombo zosaoneka bwino. . Brachystegia taxifolia ndi mtengo waukulu, wokhala ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi mosses m'munsi mwachinyontho. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi zomera zambiri za epiphytic orchids ndi lichens. M'nkhalango za South Viphya ndi kumene kuli anthu ambiri a m'Malawi (Cephalophus natalensis), pamodzi ndi anyani achikasu (Papio cynocephalus), vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), bushbuck (Tragelacus sylvatiphus). bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus), ndi nyalugwe (Panthera pardus) .Mbalame zomwe zimapezeka m'gululi zikuphatikizapo scaly spurfowl (Pternistis squamatus), olive woodpecker (Dendropicos griseocephalus), ndi red-faced crimson-wing (Cryptospii reichenovi).
Mapiri a Viphya ndi omwe ali kum'mwera kwa mitundu ingapo ya Afromontane ya mapiri a East Africa - mitengo ndi zitsamba Entandrophragma excelsum, Ficalhoa laurifolia, ndi Ocotea usambarensis; mbalame za Onychognathus tenuirostris ndi Laniarius fuelleborni; ndi agulugufe Precis sinuata, Henotesia ubenica, Uranothauma cuneatum, ndi Uranothauma heritia.

Nkhalango komanso ma Forest Reserves
South Viphya Forest Reserve, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1948, ili ndi malo okwana 1147.8 km², yomwe imakhudza mbali zambiri zakumwera. Malo osungiramo nkhalangoyi muli nkhalango ya Viphya Plantation, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nkhalango ya Chikangawa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitengo yapaini yachilendo. South Viphya Forest Reserve ilinso ndi madera atatu a nkhalango ya montane yobiriwira ku Nthungwa (11°40'S 33°49'E, 108 ha pa 1,600–1,800 m), Chamambo (11°50'S 33°50'E, 260 ha pa 1,600 -1,800 m) ndi Kawandama (12°01'S 33°52'E, 75 ha pa 1,750–1,850 m. Nkhalango zina ndi Chimaliro ndi Dwambazi kumapeto kwa nkhalangoyi, Mtangatanga ndi Perekezi ku madzulo otsetsereka kumwera. , Ruvuo, Chisahira, ndi Nkhwazi kum’maŵa kotsetsereka, Lunyangwa ndi Kaning’ina pafupi ndi Mzuzu, ndi Uzumara ku phiri la Uzumara kumpoto.

Viphya Plantation 
Kuyambira mu 1964, malo okwana mahekitala 53,000 a mitengo yapaini yachilendo adabzalidwa ku South Viphya Forest Reserve. Mundawu umayang'aniridwa ndi kampani ya boma ya Viphya Plywood and Allied Industries (VIPLY), ndipo inali gawo la ndondomeko ya pulezidenti wa dziko la Malawi Hastings Banda kuti akhazikitse bizinesi yogulitsa mapepala ndi mapepala kunja kwa Malawi. Nkhalangoyi inali yaikulu kwambiri kapena yachiwiri pa nkhalango zomangidwa ndi anthu mu Africa. Mitengo ya pine, makamaka Pinus patula, inabzalidwa pamalo omwe kale anali udzu wa montane pamapiri apakati a malo osungiramo nyama. Mapulani a mphero zopangira matabwa kuti atumize kunja adasiyidwa m'ma 1980, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa katundu wa kunja ndi kuchepa kwachuma. VIPLY inakhala yabizinesi m'zaka za m'ma 1990, ndipo mu 1998 boma lidapatsa Raiply Malawi Ltd. Raiply ali ndi fakitale yopanga matabwa, matabwa, ndi mipando yamatabwa m'tauni ya Chikangawa, kumadzulo kwa mundawu. Mahekitala 33,000 otsalawo anasungidwira odula mitengo aku Malawi kuti akolole mokhazikika. Opereka chilolezo sanabzalenso pang'ono, ndipo kudula mitengo mosaloledwa kunali ponseponse. Pofika chaka cha 2013, 10 peresenti yokha ya minda inali idakali ndi mitengo. Boma la Malawi lidalonjeza kuti liyambanso kubzalanso, ndipo lidalembanso kubzalanso mahekitala 1600 mu 2012.