user
za ulimi ndi ma fakitale mu dziko la Malawi


assistant
Chuma cha dziko la Malawi ndi chaulimi. Anthu opitilira 80 pa 100 alionse alimi akupanga ulimi wamba, ngakhale ulimi unangowonjezera 27% ya GDP mchaka cha 2013. Gawo la ntchito ndi loposa theka la GDP (54%), poyerekeza ndi 11% la zopangapanga ndi 8% mafakitale ena, kuphatikizapo migodi zachilengedwe za uranium. Dziko la Malawi limaika ndalama zambiri pazaulimi (monga gawo la GDP) kuposa dziko lina lililonse mu Africa: 28% ya GDP.

Zokolola zazikulu m’Malawi muno ndi fodya, nzimbe, thonje, tiyi, chimanga, mbatata, manyuchi, ng’ombe ndi mbuzi. Makampani akuluakulu ndi fodya, tiyi ndi shuga, zocheka matabwa, simenti ndi katundu wogula. Kukula kwa mafakitale akuyerekeza 10% (2009). Dzikoli siligwiritsa ntchito kwambiri gasi. Pofika m’chaka cha 2008, dziko la Malawi silimatumiza magetsi kunja kapena kunja, koma limatulutsa mafuta onse amafuta, osapangidwa mdziko muno. Kuyambira mchaka cha 2006, dzikolo lidayamba kusakaniza mafuta amafuta opanda lead ndi 10% ethanol, omwe amapangidwa mdziko muno pamitengo iwiri, kuti achepetse kudalira mafuta ochokera kunja. M’chaka cha 2008, dziko la Malawi linayamba kuyesa magalimoto amene ankangogwiritsa ntchito mowa wa ethanol okha, ndipo zotsatira zake zoyamba zikuyenda bwino, ndipo dziko la Malawi likupitirizabe kuonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wa ethanol.

Pofika m’chaka cha 2009, dziko la Malawi limagulitsa katundu wokwana pafupifupi US$945 miliyoni pachaka. Kudalira kwambiri fodya kwa dziko lino kumadzetsa mavuto aakulu azachuma pamene mitengo ya dziko ikutsika ndipo mayiko akuwonjezera chitsenderezo chofuna kuchepetsa fodya. Kudalira kwa dziko la Malawi pa fodya kukuchulukirachulukira kuchoka pa 53% kufika pa 70% ya ndalama zomwe amapeza kunja kwa dziko lino pakati pa chaka cha 2007 ndi 2008. Dzikoli limadaliranso kwambiri tiyi, shuga ndi khofi, ndipo fodyayu akupanga 90% ya fodya. Ndalama za Malawi. Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo komanso kutsika kwa mitengo yogulitsira, dziko la Malawi likulimbikitsa alimi kuti asiye kusuta fodya n’cholinga chofuna kukolola zinthu zopindulira monga zokometsera zonunkhira monga paprika. Kusiya fodya kumalimbikitsidwanso ndi bungwe la World Health Organisation lomwe likutsutsana ndi mtundu wa fodya womwe Malawi amatulutsa, tsamba la burley. Imawonedwa kukhala yovulaza thanzi la munthu kuposa zinthu zina zafodya. India hemp ndi njira ina yomwe ingatheke, koma pali zotsutsana kuti zibweretsa upandu wochulukirapo mdzikolo chifukwa chofanana ndi mitundu ya chamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osangalatsa komanso zovuta kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiriyi. Nkhawa imeneyi ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa kulima chamba cha ku Malawi chomwe chimadziwika kuti Malawi Gold ngati mankhwala chakwera kwambiri. Dziko la Malawi limadziwika ndi kulima chamba “chabwino kwambiri” padziko lonse lapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la World Bank, ndipo kulima ndi kugulitsa mbewuyi kungapangitse katangale mkati mwa apolisi.

Zinthu zina zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi thonje, mtedza, matabwa, ndi zovala. Malo akuluakulu omwe dziko lino likupita kumayiko ena ndi South Africa, Germany, Egypt, Zimbabwe, United States, Russia, ndi Netherlands. Pakali pano dziko la Malawi limagula katundu wokwana US$1.625 biliyoni pachaka, pomwe zinthu zazikulu ndi chakudya, mafuta a petroleum, zogulira komanso zida zoyendera. Mayiko akuluakulu omwe Malawi imachokera ku South Africa, India, Zambia, Tanzania, US, ndi China.

Mu 2006, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zokolola zaulimi, dziko la Malawi lidayamba ntchito yopereka feteleza, ya Feteleza Input Subsidy Programme (FISP) yomwe idakonzedwa kuti ipatsenso mphamvu m'munda ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi wolima. Zanenedwa kuti pologalamuyi, yomwe mtsogoleri wa dziko lino amalimbikitsa, ikutukula kwambiri ulimi wa dziko la Malawi, zomwe zapangitsa kuti dziko la Malawi likhale logulitsa chakudya m’maiko oyandikana nawo. Mapologalamu opereka feteleza a FISP adatha ndi imfa ya Pulezidenti Mutharika; dzikoli lidakumananso ndi vuto la njala, ndipo alimi adayamba kusafuna kugula feteleza ndi zipangizo zina zaulimi pamisika yotseguka yomwe idatsala.

M’chaka cha 2016, dziko la Malawi linakhudzidwa ndi chilala, ndipo mu January 2017, dziko lino linanena kuti ku Zomba kwabuka mbozi. njenjete imatha kuwononga minda yonse ya chimanga, yomwe ndi mbewu yaikulu ya anthu osauka. Pa 14 January 2017, nduna ya zaulimi George Chaponda inanena kuti mahekitala 2,000 a mbewu aonongeka, afalikira m’maboma asanu ndi anayi mwa maboma makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu.