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Ndani anayambitsa Malawi?


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Anthu oyamba okhala m'Malawi akuganiziridwa kuti adayamba kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyanja ya Malawi cha m'ma 10,000BC. Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 16 panali ufumu waukulu wamalonda wokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu a Maravi omwe dzikolo limachokerako dzina lake lamakono.

Anthu oyamba okhala m'Malawi akuganiziridwa kuti adayamba kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyanja ya Malawi cha m'ma 10,000BC. Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 16 panali ufumu waukulu wamalonda wokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu a Maravi omwe dzikolo limachokerako dzina lake lamakono. Munthu woyamba ku Ulaya kufika m’dera limene masiku ano limatchedwa Malawi ayenera kuti anali munthu wina wofufuza malo wa ku Portugal, Gaspar Bocarro, amene m’buku lake lofotokoza zochitika za m’buku la zinthu zakale mu 1492 analemba za nyanja yaikulu yapakati pa dziko la Africa. Malonda a akapolo omwe adasakaza madera ambiri mu Africa kuyambira zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 19th Century adasiyanso mbiri yake pakukula kwa mbiri ya Malawi. Ogulitsa akapolo achi Arab adafika m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Malawi kuchokera ku Zanzibar Island ku Indian Ocean kufunafuna akapolo pambuyo pa 1840 ndipo adapitilira mpaka 19th Century.

Mbiri ya dziko la Malawi yamakono ikugwirizana ndi moyo wa mmishonale wina wa ku Scotland, David Livingstone (1813 mpaka 1873) amene anafika pa nyanja yomwe anaitcha kuti 'Lake Nyasa' mu 1859. Pakati ndi East Africa, ulendo woyamba wa Universities Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) unafika ku Malawi mu 1861. waku Scotland.

Mu 1876, Blantyre Mission idakhazikitsidwa. Uwu ndi umodzi mwamipando yayikulu yomwe tsopano imadziwika kuti Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP). Mu 1884, malo oyamba azamalonda aku Europe adakhazikitsidwa ku Karonga, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Malawi.

Mu 1891, Boma la Britain lidalengeza zachitetezo m'maboma a Nyasaland. Izi zinasinthidwa, mu 1893, kukhala British Central Africa Protectorate ndipo pambuyo pake Nyasaland Protectorate mu 1907. Nkhondo ya ndale yolimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Britain ku Nyasaland, kumene Afirika ankachitiridwa zinthu zambiri zopanda chilungamo, inafika pachimake chifukwa cha zipolowe mu 1915 zomwe zinatsogoleredwa ndi John Chilembwe yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi tate wa dziko la Malawi ndipo amachokera m’boma la Chiradzulu.

Ngakhale kuwukirako sikunapambane, kunyansidwa kwa Afirika pa ulamuliro wa Britain kunapitilira ndipo, mu 1944, Nyasaland African Congress —kenako idasintha kukhala Malawi Congress Party motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda mu 1959 — idakhazikitsidwa kuti ilimbikitse anthu. kuti amenyere ufulu wawo ndipo pamapeto pake apeze ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku Britain.

Mu 1953, bungwe la Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland linakhazikitsidwa ngakhale kuti Africa inatsutsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Boma la Britain linasamutsa udindo wawo woteteza ku Nyasaland kwa azungu okhala ku Southern Rhodesia. Koma kukana kwa Africa ku chitaganya, kunakakamiza a Britain kuti athetse lingalirolo. Zokambirana za malamulo okhudza ufulu wa dziko la Malawi zinachitikira ku Lancaster House ku London mu July 1960 ndipo Nyasaland inaloledwa kukhala ndi Legislative Council. Nyasaland idakhala dziko loyima palokha la Malawi pa 6 July 1964. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri, dzikolo linakhala dziko la Republic, ndipo Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda anakhala mtsogoleri woyamba. Ichinso chinali chaka chomwe dziko la Malawi linakhala dziko la chipani chimodzi mwa lamulo la Nyumba ya Malamulo.

Pambuyo pa zaka 30 za ulamuliro wa chipani chimodzi motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Hastings Kamuzu Banda, dziko lino lidachita zisankho za zipani zambiri mu 1994, malinga ndi lamulo lakanthawi kochepa, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito chaka chotsatira.