user
Sayansi ndiukadaulo ku Malawi


assistant
Kachitidwe kafukufuku
Dziko la Malawi linapereka 1.06% ya GDP pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko m’chaka cha 2010, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa nthambi ya Science and Technology, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa mayiko amene ali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri mu Africa. Izi zikufanana ndi $7.8 pa wofufuza aliyense (pamadola omwe akugula pano).

M’chaka cha 2014, asayansi a ku Malawi anali ndi chiwerengero chachitatu pa chiwerengero cha anthu ku Southern Africa, malinga ndi nkhani zomwe zalembedwa m’magazini a mayiko. Iwo adasindikiza zolemba za 322 mu Webusaiti ya Sayansi ya Thomson Reuters (Science Citation Index inakula) chaka chimenecho, pafupifupi katatu chiwerengero cha 2005 (116). Ndi South Africa yokha (9,309) ndi United Republic of Tanzania (770) zofalitsa zambiri ku Southern Africa. Asayansi a ku Malawi amasindikiza zambiri m’manyuzipepala a anthu onse – okhudzana ndi GDP – kuposa dziko lina lililonse lachiwerengero cha anthu. Zimenezi n’zochititsa chidwi, ngakhale kuti m’dzikoli munachulukirachulukirabe, ndipo mabuku 19 okha pa anthu miliyoni alionse analembedwa m’magazini a mayiko osiyanasiyana m’chaka cha 2014. Malawi idakhala pa nambala 107 pa Global Innovation Index mu 2021, kuchoka pa 118 mu 2019.

Ndondomeko
Lamulo loyamba la sayansi ndi luso la Malawi linayamba mu 1991 ndipo linasinthidwa mu 2002. Bungwe la National Science and Technology Policy la m’chaka cha 2002 lidaganiza zokhazikitsa bungwe la National Commission for Science and Technology kuti lilangize boma ndi mabungwe ena okhudzidwa ndi chitukuko chotsogozedwa ndi sayansi. Ngakhale kuti Science and Technology Act ya 2003 idapereka mwayi wopanga bungweli, idangoyamba kugwira ntchito mu 2011, ndi Secretariat yomwe idabwera chifukwa chophatikizana kwa dipatimenti ya Science and Technology ndi National Research Council. Lamulo la Science and Technology Act la 2003 linakhazikitsanso Fund ya Science and Technology Fund kuti ipeze ndalama zofufuza ndi maphunziro kudzera mu thandizo la boma ndi ngongole koma, pofika 2014, izi zinali zisanagwire ntchito. Secretariat of the National Commission for Science and Technology yaunikanso Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (2011-2015) koma, kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2015, mfundo yosinthidwayo inali isanavomerezedwe ndi nduna.

Dziko la Malawi likudziwa kuti likufuna kukopa anthu ochuluka ochokera kumayiko ena pofuna kulimbikitsa ukadaulo waukadaulo, kukulitsa luso la anthu komanso kupatsa mphamvu mabungwe omwe siaboma kuti akweze chuma. Mu 2012, ndalama zambiri zakunja zidapita ku zomangamanga (62%) ndi gawo lamagetsi (33%). Boma lakhazikitsa njira zingapo zolimbikitsira ndalama, kuphatikizapo kuchotsera misonkho, pofuna kukopa osunga ndalama akunja. M’chaka cha 2013, bungwe la Malawi Investment and Trade Centre linakhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyendetsera chuma pakati pa makampani 20 m’magawo 6 otukula chuma mdziko muno, omwe ndi:
- ulimi;
- zopanga mu ma fakitale;
- mphamvu (bio-energy, mafoni magetsi);
- zokopa alendo (ecolodges);
- zomangamanga (ntchito zamadzi onyansa, zingwe za fiber optic, etc.); ndi
migodi.

M’chaka cha 2013, boma lidatengera njira ya National Export Strategy kuti ipange zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogulitsa kunja kwa dziko lino. Malo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pazogulitsa zosiyanasiyana m'magulu atatu osankhidwa: zopangira mafuta, zopangira nzimbe, ndi kupanga. Boma likuyerekeza kuti magulu atatuwa ali ndi kuthekera koyimira zoposa 50% ya zinthu zomwe dziko la Malawi ligulitsa kunja pofika chaka cha 2027. Pofuna kuthandiza makampani kutengera njira zatsopano komanso luso laukadaulo, ndondomekoyi ikupereka mwayi wopeza bwino zotsatira za kafukufuku wapadziko lonse komanso chidziwitso chabwino chokhudza matekinoloje omwe alipo; zimathandizanso makampani kupeza ndalama zothandizira ukadaulo wotere kuchokera kumagwero monga Export Development Fund ya dziko lino komanso Malawi Innovation Challenge Fund.

Bungwe la Malawi Innovation Challenge Fund ndi bungwe lochita mpikisano, kudzera m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono a zaulimi ndi zopangapanga m'Malawi kuti apemphe thandizo la ndalama zothandizira mapulojekiti omwe angathe kuthandiza kwambiri anthu komanso kuthandiza dzikolo kuti lizitha kugulitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kunja. Mzere woyamba wa mpikisano wotsatsa malonda unatsegulidwa mu April 2014. Ndalamayi ikugwirizana ndi magulu atatu omwe asankhidwa mkati mwa National Export Strategy ya dziko: mankhwala a mafuta, nzimbe, ndi kupanga. Imapereka ndalama zofananira zofikira 50% kumabizinesi otsogola kuti athandizire kutengera zoopsa zina zamalonda poyambitsa zatsopano. Thandizoli liyenera kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi ndi/kapena kutengera matekinoloje. Thumbali lapatsidwa ndalama zokwana madola 8 miliyoni kuchokera ku United Nations Development Programme komanso ku UK Department for International Development.