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za chuma ku dziko la Malawi


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Dziko la Malawi lili m’gulu la maiko osatukuka kwambiri. Pafupifupi 85% ya anthu amakhala kumidzi. Chuma chimachokera ku ulimi, ndipo zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a GDP ndi 90% ya ndalama zogulitsa kunja zimachokera ku izi. M’mbuyomu, chuma chakhala chikudalira thandizo lazachuma lochokera ku World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), ndi mayiko ena. Dziko la Malawi linali pa nambala 119 pa malo otetezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera ndalama za Euromoney Country Risk rankings mu March 2011.

Mu December 2000, IMF inasiya kupereka thandizo chifukwa cha nkhani za katangale, ndipo opereka ndalama ambiri adatsatira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti bajeti yachitukuko ya Malawi itsike ndi 80%. Komabe, mu 2005, dziko la Malawi lidalandira thandizo loposa US$575 miliyoni. Boma la Malawi likukumana ndi zovuta zotukula chuma cha msika, kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuthana ndi vuto la HIV/AIDS lomwe likukulirakulirakulira, kukweza maphunziro, komanso kukhutiritsa mabungwe omwe amapereka ndalama zakunja kuti likufuna kudziyimira pawokha pazachuma. Kutukuka kwa kayendetsedwe ka zachuma kudawoneka kuyambira 2005 motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Mutharika ndi nduna ya zachuma Gondwe. Chilangochi chasintha kuyambira pomwe idagulidwa mu 2009 ndege yapulezidenti wapayekha kutsatiridwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kusowa kwamafuta m'dziko lonselo komwe kudapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamagalimoto koma mwina chifukwa chakusowa kwandalama komwe kudabwera chifukwa chogula ndegeyo. Mtengo wonse pazachuma (ndi dongosolo lazaumoyo) sizikudziwika.

Kuonjezera apo, pali zovuta zina zomwe zidachitika, ndipo dziko la Malawi lataya mphamvu zake zogulira zinthu kuchokera kunja chifukwa chakusowa kwa ndalama zakunja, pomwe ndalama zakunja zidatsika ndi 23% mchaka cha 2009. Pali zopinga zambiri m'Malawi, zomwe boma lakhazikitsa. zalephera kuthana nazo, kuphatikiza kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito komanso kusayenda bwino kwa magetsi, madzi, ndi matelefoni. Pofika mchaka cha 2017, akuti dziko la Malawi linali ndi GDP (purchasing power parity) ya $22.42 biliyoni, ndi GDP ya munthu aliyense yokwana $1200, ndipo inflation inali 12.2% mchaka cha 2017.

Ulimi ndi 35% ya GDP, mafakitale 19% ndi ntchito kwa otsala 46%. Dziko la Malawi ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuti chuma chikuyembekezeka kufika pa 9.7% mchaka cha 2008 ndipo bungwe la International Monetary Fund likuneneratu kuti mchaka cha 2009 umphawi ukuchepa chifukwa cha ntchito ya boma. mabungwe othandizira, pomwe anthu omwe amakhala pansi pa umphawi adatsika kuchoka pa 54% mu 1990 mpaka 40% mu 2006, ndipo kuchuluka kwa "osauka kwambiri" kudatsika kuchoka pa 24% mu 1990 mpaka 15% mu 2007.

Akadaulo ambiri akukhulupirira kuti kupita patsogolo kwa chuma cha dziko la Malawi kumadalira mphamvu yake yoyendetsera kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

Mu January 2015 kum’mwera kwa dziko la Malawi kunawonongedwa ndi madzi osefukira omwe anawononga anthu pafupifupi 20,000. Madzi osefukirawa adakhudza anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni mdziko lonse, kuphatikiza 336,000 omwe adasowa pokhala, malinga ndi UNICEF. Anthu opitilira 100 adaphedwa ndipo pafupifupi mahekitala 64,000 a mbewu adakokoloka.