2019
2018
(U.S. $ in thousands)
(U.S. $ in thousands)
*As Adjusted
Reconciliation of deferred tax assets, net
Balance at the beginning of
$47,060
$140,532
Deferred tax expense for the year
(15,916)
(53,297)
Debited to equity
(8,884)
(40,092)
Adjustment in respect of income tax payable
—
(83)
Impact from business combinations
(19,092)
—
Currency revaluation impact
44
—
Balance at the ending of
$3,212
$47,060
* as adjusted to reflect the impact of the full retrospective adoption of ifrs 15 .
see note 2 for further details .
the u .
s .
tax cuts and jobs act -the “ tax act ” enacted on december 22 2017 introduces a number of changes to u .
s .
income tax law .
among other changes the tax act -i reduces the u .
s .
federal corporate tax rate from 35 % to 21 % -ii enacts limitations regarding the deductibility of interest expense -iii modifies the provisions relating to the limitations on deductions for executive compensation of publicly traded corporations -iv imposes new limitations on the utilization of net operating loss arising in taxable years beginning after december 31 2017 -v repeals the corporate alternative minimum tax and provides for a refund of existing alternative minimum tax credits and -vi creates new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain related-party payments which are referred to as the global intangible low-taxed income tax and the base erosion tax respectively .
as a result of the new u .
s .
federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21 % contained within the tax act the group recorded non-cash charges of $ 16 .
9 million to tax expense and $ 16 .
9 million to equity to revalue the group ’ s u .
s .
net deferred tax assets during fiscal year 2018 .
in june 2019 and december 2017 as a result of the group ’ s assessment of the realizability of its australian and u .
s .
deferred tax assets the group recorded non-cash charges to tax expense of $ 54 .
7 million and $ 30 .
4 million respectively and $ 25 .
8 million to equity in december 2017 to reduce the carrying value of these assets .
the assessment of the realizability of the australian and u .
s .
deferred tax assets is based on all available positive and negative evidence .
such evidence includes but is not limited to recent cumulative earnings or losses expectations of future taxable income by taxing jurisdiction and the carry-forward periods available for the utilization of deferred tax assets .
the group will continue to assess and record any necessary changes to align its deferred tax assets to their realizable value .
in december 2017 the group made changes to its corporate structure to include certain foreign subsidiaries in its u .
s .
consolidated tax group that resulted in the creation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities including a non-recognized deferred tax asset of $ 2 .
1 billion related to the fair market value of its intellectual property .
the assets are included in the group ’ s quarterly assessment and are only recognized to the extent they are determined to be realizable .
the impact on the net deferred tax asset from business combinations of $ 19 .
1 million in fiscal year 2019 represents the net deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized as a result of the acquisition of opsgenie .
the group acquired net operating loss carryforward deferred tax assets of approximately $ 1 .
8 million from opsgenie .
the group also recognized deferred tax liabilities of approximately $ 19 .
6 million primarily related to acquired intangibles from opsgenie the amortization of which will not be deductible from future taxable profits .

Question: When was the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted?
Answer: December 22, 2017