FangyuLei/tatqa huggingface dataset:
Years Ended December 31,
Years Ended December 31,
Years Ended December 31,
2019
2018
2017
Balance at the beginning of the period
$2,720
$1,342
$8,531
Current period tax position increases
—
2,950
—
Decreases from settlements with tax authorities
—
(191)
(10,865)
Decreases due to lapse in applicable statute of limitations
—
(1,310)
(466)
Foreign currency translation increases (decreases)
(9)
(71)
4,142
Balance at the end of the period
$2,711
$2,720
$1,342
during the year ended december 31 2019 the company completed a reorganization of certain of its foreign subsidiaries that resulted in the derecognition of the related deferred tax assets for net operating losses which were subject to a valuation allowance .
as a result the company reduced both its net operating loss deferred tax assets and valuation allowance by approximately $ 19 .
7 million .
the company accrued $ 2 .
7 million as of both december 31 2019 and 2018 excluding penalties and interest for the liability for unrecognized tax benefits which was included in “ long-term income tax liabilities ” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets .
had the company recognized these tax benefits approximately $ 2 .
7 million along with the related interest and penalties would have favorably impacted the effective tax rate in both 2019 and 2018 .
the company does not anticipate that any of the unrecognized tax benefits will be recognized in the next twelve months .
the company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes .
the company had $ 1 .
1 million and $ 0 .
6 million accrued for interest and penalties as of december 31 2019 and 2018 respectively .
of the accrued interest and penalties at december 31 2019 and 2018 $ 0 .
6 million and $ 0 .
4 million respectively relate to statutory penalties .
the amount of interest and penalties net included in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the years ended december 31 2019 2018 and 2017 was $ 0 .
4 million $ 0 .
7 million and $ -9 .
5 million respectively .
the tabular reconciliation of the amounts of unrecognized net tax benefits is presented below -in thousands : .

Question: What was the Balance at the end of the period in 2019?
Answer: $2,711
Years ended August 31,
Years ended August 31,
Years ended August 31,
Years ended August 31,
Years ended August 31,
Years ended August 31,
(in thousands of dollars, except percentages)
2019 (1) $
2018 (2) $
Change %
Change in constant currency (3) %
Foreign exchange impact (3) $
Canadian broadband services
1,294,967
1,299,906
(0.4)
(0.4)
-
American broadband services
1,036,853
847,372
22.4
17.9
37,433
Inter-segment eliminations and other
-
126
(100.0)
(100.0)
-
2,331,820
2,147,404
8.6
6.8
37,433
revenue .
-1 fiscal 2019 average foreign exchange rate used for translation was 1 .
3255 usd / cdn .
-2 fiscal 2018 was restated to comply with ifrs 15 and to reflect a change in accounting policy as well as to reclassify results from cogeco peer 1 as discontinued operations .
for further details please consult the " accounting policies " and " discontinued operations " sections .
-3 fiscal 2019 actuals are translated at the average foreign exchange rate of fiscal 2018 which was 1 .
2773 usd / cdn .
fiscal 2019 revenue increased by 8 .
6 % -6 .
8 % in constant currency resulting from : • a growth in the american broadband services segment mainly due to the impact of the metrocast acquisition which was included in revenue for only an eight-month period in the prior year combined with strong organic growth and the acquisition of the south florida fibre network previously owned by fiberlight llc -the " fiberlight acquisition " ; partly offset by • a decrease in the canadian broadband services segment mainly as a result of : ◦ a decline in primary service units in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and the first quarter of 2019 from lower service activations primarily due to issues resulting from the implementation of a new customer management system ; partly offset by ◦ rate increases ; and ◦ higher net pricing from consumer sales .
for further details on the corporation ’ s revenue please refer to the " segmented operating and financial results " section .

Question: What is the increase / (decrease) in Canadian broadband services from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -4939
Fiscal Years
Fiscal Years
2018
2017
Revenue (1)
$—
$660
Cost of revenue (1)
(596)
2,252
Gross profit (loss)
596
(1,592)
Operating expenses:   
Research and development (1)
5,251
29,167
Selling, general and administrative (1)
1,560
13,840
Total operating expenses
6,811
43,007
Loss from discontinued operations (1)
(6,215)
(44,599)
Other income (2)
—
7,500
Gain on sale (2)
—
18,022
Loss income before income taxes
(6,215)
(19,077)
Income tax provision (benefit)
—
—
Loss income from discontinued operations
(6,215)
(19,077)
Cash flow used in Operating Activities (1)
(10,734)
(42,776)
Cash flow from Investing Activities (2)
—
25,522
discontinued operations .
on october 27 2017 we entered into a purchase agreement to sell the compute business .
in consideration for the transfer and sale of the compute business we received an equity interest in the buyer valued at approximately $ 36 .
5 million representing the carrying value of the assets divested and representing less than 20 .
0 % of the buyer ' s total outstanding equity .
the operations of the compute business were accounted for as discontinued operations through the date of divestiture .
we also entered into a transition services agreement -the " compute tsa " pursuant to which we agreed to perform certain primarily general and administrative functions on the buyer ' s behalf during a migration period and for which we are reimbursed for costs incurred .
during the fiscal year 2019 we received $ 0 .
1 million of reimbursements under the compute tsa which was recorded as a reduction of our general and administrative expenses .
during the fiscal year 2018 we received $ 3 .
6 million of reimbursements under the compute tsa which was recorded as a reduction of our general and administrative expenses .
in august of fiscal year 2015 we sold our automotive business as the automotive business was not consistent with our long-term strategic vision from both a growth and profitability perspective .
additionally we entered into a consulting agreement with the buyer pursuant to which we were to provide the buyer with certain non-design advisory services for a period of two years following the closing of the transaction for up to $ 15 .
0 million from which we have recorded $ 7 .
5 million as other income during both fiscal years 2017 and 2016 .
no income was recognized during fiscal years 2019 or 2018 .
during fiscal year 2017 we received $ 18 .
0 million the full amount of the indemnification escrow .
the accompanying consolidated statements of operations includes the following operating results related to these discontinued operations -in thousands : .
-1 amounts are associated with the compute business .
-2 amounts are associated with the automotive business .

Question: In which year was Cost of revenue negative?
Answer: 2018
USDm
2019
2018
Fair value of derivatives:
Derivative financial instruments regarding freight and bunkers:
Forward freight agreements
-0.3
0.5
Bunker swaps
-
-1.2
Derivative financial instruments regarding interest and currency exchange rate:
Forward exchange contracts
-0.4
-1.8
Interest rate swaps
-11.1
2.8
Fair value of derivatives as of 31 December
-11.8
0.3
note 19 – derivative financial instruments .
please refer to note 21 “ financial instruments ” for further information on fair value hierarchies .

Question: What are the types of derivative financial instruments regarding interest and currency exchange rate?
Answer: Forward exchange contracts Interest rate swaps
Fiscal
Fiscal
Fiscal
2019
2018
2017
Europe/Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”)
36 %
38 %
36 %
Asia–Pacific
33
34
35
Americas
31
28
29
Total
100 %
100 %
100 %
sales and distribution .
we maintain a strong local presence in each of the geographic regions in which we operate .
our net sales by geographic region-1 as a percentage of our total net sales were as follows : .
-1 net sales to external customers are attributed to individual countries based on the legal entity that records the sale .
we sell our products into approximately 150 countries primarily through direct selling efforts to manufacturers .
in fiscal 2019 our direct sales represented approximately 80 % of total net sales .
we also sell our products indirectly via third-party distributors .
we maintain distribution centers around the world .
products are generally delivered to the distribution centers by our manufacturing facilities and then subsequently delivered to the customer .
in some instances however products are delivered directly from our manufacturing facility to the customer .
our global coverage positions us near our customers ’ locations and allows us to assist them in consolidating their supply base and lowering their production costs .
we contract with a wide range of transport providers to deliver our products globally via road rail sea and air .
we believe our balanced sales distribution lowers our exposure to any particular geography and improves our financial profile .

Question: What was the change in percentage in Americas in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: 3
Number of Restricted Stock
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017
126,808
4.25
1.31
Granted
144,447
3.59
Vested
118,347
3.81
Forfeitures
-
-
Nonvested as of December 31, 2018
152,908
3.96
1.56
Granted
113,012
3.98
Vested
64,535
3.88
Forfeitures
-
-
Nonvested as of December 31, 2019
201,385
4.00
1.95
note 11 - stock capital -cont .
share-based compensation to employees and to directors : -cont .
restricted stock : .
the company awards stock and restricted stock to certain employees officers directors and / or service providers .
the restricted stock vests in accordance with such conditions and restrictions determined by the gnc committee .
these conditions and restrictions may include the achievement of certain performance goals and / or continued employment with the company through a specified restricted period .
the purchase price -if any of shares of restricted stock is determined by the gnc committee .
if the performance goals and other restrictions are not attained the grantee will automatically forfeit their unvested awards of restricted stock to the company .
compensation expense for restricted stock is based on fair market value at the grant date .
the total compensation expense recorded by the company in respect of its stock and restricted stock awards to certain employees officers directors and service providers for the year ended december 31 2019 and 2018 amounted to $ 392 and $ 506 respectively .

Question: What is the change in the granted restricted stocks from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -31435
2018
2018
2018
2018
Increase
GM$
GM%
GM$
GM%
GM$
GM%
(Dollar amount in thousands)
(Dollar amount in thousands)
(Dollar amount in thousands)
(Dollar amount in thousands)
(Dollar amount in thousands)
(Dollar amount in thousands)
Products
$7,462
13%
$6,886
13%
$576
-%
Services
6,427
56%
5,376
55%
1,051
1
Total
$13,889
20%
$12,262
20%
1,627
-%
the impact of product mix within our ts segment on gross margins for the fiscal years ended september 30 was as follows : .
the overall ts segment gross margin as a percentage of sales remained the same in fiscal year 2019 when compared to fiscal year 2018 .
the $ 0 .
6 million increase in our ts segment product gross margins resulted from an increase in product revenues in the u .
s .
division partially offset by a decrease in the u .
k division .
the $ 1 .
1 million .
increase in the ts segment service gross margins primarily resulted from increased service revenues in the u .
s .
division .

Question: When is the company's financial year end?
Answer: September 30
Hawaii Operating Territory
2018
2019
Consumer / SMB Fiber Revenue (in millions):
$87.2
$42.3
Subscribers (in thousands):
High-speed internet
68.2
65.9
Video
42.7
48.8
Voice
30.0
30.3
during the year we passed an additional 12400 addresses in the greater cincinnati area with fioptics which included a focus on fiber to the premise - " fttp " addresses as fttp has become a more relevant solution for our customers .
as of december 31 2019 the fioptics products are now available to approximately 623400 customer locations or 75 % of the greater cincinnati operating territory .
during 2019 we passed an additional 5900 addresses in hawaii .
the consumer / smb fiber products are now available to approximately 246400 addresses or 50 % of the operating territory in hawaii including oahu and the neighbor islands .
in 2019 the company also invested $ 24 .
0 million in enterprise fiber products which includes fiber and ip-ased core network technology .
these investments position the company to meet increased business and carrier demand within greater cincinnati and in contiguous markets in the midwest region .
in hawaii expenditures are for high-bandwidth data transport products such as metro-ethernet including the southeast asia to united states - " sea-us " cable .
we continue to evolve and optimize network assets to support the migration of legacy products to new technology and as of december 31 2019 the company has : .
increased the total number of commercial addresses with fiber-based services -referred to as a lit address to 28800 in greater cincinnati and 20300 in hawaii by connecting approximately 2200 additional lit addresses in greater cincinnati and 1200 additional lit addresses in hawaii during the twelve months ended december 31 2019 ; .
expanded the fiber network to span more than 12500 route miles in greater cincinnati and 4700 route miles in hawaii ; and .
provided cell site back-haul services to approximately 90 % of the 1000 cell sites in the greater cincinnati market of which approximately 97 % of these sites are lit with fiber and 80 % of the 1100 cell sites in hawaii all of which are lit with fiber .
as a result of our investments we have generated year-over-year entertainment and communications revenue growth each year since 2013 .
the company ' s expanding fiber assets allow us to support the ever-increasing demand for data video and internet devices with speed agility and security .
we believe our fiber investments are a long-term solution for our customers ' bandwidth needs .

Question: When did the company start enjoying year on year  Entertainment and Communications revenue growth?
Answer: 2013
2019
2018
$ CHANGE
% CHANGE
Operating costs
(6,942)
(6,946)
4
0.1%
Adjusted EBITDA
5,414
5,321
93
1.7%
Adjusted EBITDA margin
43.8%
43.4%
0.4 pts
operating costs and adjusted ebitda .
bell wireline operating costs were essentially stable year over year decreasing by 0 .
1 % in 2019 compared to 2018 resulting from : • the favourable impact from the adoption of ifrs 16 in 2019 • continued effective cost containment • lower pension expenses reflecting reduced db costs .
these factors were partly offset by : • higher cost of goods sold related to the growth in product sales • increased costs from the acquisition of axia • greater payments to other carriers from increased sales of international wholesale long distance minutes .
bell wireline adjusted ebitda grew by 1 .
7 % in 2019 compared to last year reflecting the growth in revenues as operating expenses were relatively stable year over year .
adjusted ebitda margin increased to 43 .
8 % in 2019 compared to the 43 .
4 % achieved last year resulting from the favourable impact of the adoption of ifrs 16 in 2019 and the flow-through of the service revenue growth offset in part by higher low-margin product sales in our total revenue base .

Question: What is the percentage of the 2019 adjusted EBITDA over the sum of the adjusted EBITDA in 2018 and 2019? 
Answer: 50.43
June 30, 2019
June 24, 2018
June 25, 2017
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
Interest income
$98,771
$85,813
$57,858
Interest expense
(117,263)
(97,387)
(117,734)
Gains on deferred compensation plan related assets, net
10,464
14,692
17,880
Loss on impairment of investments
—
(42,456)
—
Gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, net
118
542
(36,252)
Foreign exchange gains (losses), net
826
(3,382)
(569)
Other, net
(11,077)
(19,332)
(11,642)
$(18,161)
$(61,510)
$(90,459)
note 6 : other expense net .
the significant components of other expense net were as follows : .
interest income in the year ended june 30 2019 increased compared to the years ended june 24 2018 and june 25 2017 primarily as a result of higher yield .
interest expense in the year ended june 30 2019 increased compared to the year ended june 24 2018 primarily due to issuance of the $ 2 .
5 billion of senior notes .
interest expense in the year ended june 24 2018 decreased compared to the year ended june 25 2017 primarily due to the conversions of 2018 and 2041 convertible notes as well as the retirement of the 2018 convertible notes in may 2018 .
the gain on deferred compensation plan related assets in fiscal years 2019 2018 and 2017 was driven by an improvement in the fair market value of the underlying funds .
the loss on impairment of investments in the year ended june 24 2018 was the result of a decision to sell selected investments held in foreign jurisdictions in connection with the company ’ s cash repatriation strategy following the december 2017 u .
s .
tax reform .
net loss on extinguishment of debt realized in the year ended june 25 2017 was primarily a result of the special mandatory redemption of the senior notes due 2023 and 2026 as well as the termination of the term loan agreement .

Question: What is the percentage change in the interest income from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 15.1
Most recent three-year average seasonality
First quarter
Second quarter
Third quarter
Fourth quarter
Sequential change, sales
-25%
11%
4%
17%
Share of annual sales
22%
24%
25%
29%
seasonality .
the company ’ s sales income and cash flow from operations vary between quarters and are generally lowest in the first quarter of the from operations vary between quarters and are generally lowest in the first quarter of the year and highest in the fourth quarter .
this is mainly a result of the seasonal purchase patterns of network operators .

Question: Which quarter has lowest in sales, income and cash flow from operations?
Answer: First quarter
Years ended August 31,
2019
2018
Outstanding, beginning of the year
133,181
115,207
Granted (1)
45,800
65,525
Performance-based additional units granted
200
2,639
Distributed
(43,319)
(41,441)
Cancelled
(31,889)
(12,184)
Dividend equivalents
3,578
3,435
Outstanding, end of the year
107,551
133,181
psu plan .
the corporation also offers a performance share unit - " psu " plan for the benefit of its executive officers and designated employees .
the objectives of the psu plan are to retain executive officers and designated employees to align their interests with those of the shareholders and to sustain positive corporate performance as measured by an economic value creation formula a performance measure used by management .
the number of psus is based on the dollar value of the award and the average closing stock price of the corporation for the previous twelve month period ending august 31 .
the psus vest over a three-year less one day period based on the level of increase in the economic value of the corporation or the relevant subsidiary for the preceding three-year period ending august 31 meaning that no vesting will occur if there is no increase in the economic value .
the participants are entitled to receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional psus but only with respect to vested psus .
psus are redeemable in case of death permanent disability normal retirement or termination of employment not for cause in which cases the holder of psus is entitled to payment of the psus in proportion to the time of employment from the date of the grant to the date of termination versus the three-year less one day vesting period .
a trust was created for the purpose of purchasing these shares on the stock market in order to protect against stock price fluctuation and the corporation instructed the trustee to purchase subordinate voting shares of the corporation on the stock market .
these shares are purchased and are held in trust for the participants until they are fully vested .
the trust considered as a special purpose entity is consolidated in the corporation ’ s financial statements with the value of the acquired subordinate voting shares held in trust under the psu plan presented in reduction of share capital .
under the psu plan the following psus were granted by the corporation and are outstanding at august 31 : years ended august 31 2019 .
-1 for the year ended august 31 2019 the corporation granted 14625 -19025 in 2018 psus to cogeco ' s executive officers as executive officers of the corporation .
a compensation expense of $ 1400000 - $ 2198000 in 2018 was recorded for the year ended august 31 2019 related to this plan .

Question: What are the objectives of the PSU plans?
Answer: The objectives of the PSU Plan are to retain executive officers and designated employees, to align their interests with those of the shareholders and to sustain positive corporate performance, as measured by an economic value creation formula, a performance measure used by management.
Year Ended May 31,
Year Ended May 31,
Percent Change
Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)
2019
Actual
Constant
2018
Provision for income taxes
$1,185
-87%
-86%
$8,837
Effective tax rate
9.7%
71.1%
provision for income taxes : our effective income tax rates for each of the periods presented were the result of the mix of income earned in various tax jurisdictions that apply a broad range of income tax rates .
in fiscal 2018 the tax act was signed into law .
the more significant provisions of the tax act as applicable to us are described above under “ impacts of the u .
s .
tax cuts and jobs act of 2017 ” .
refer to note 14 of notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for a discussion regarding the differences between the effective income tax rates as presented for the periods below and the u .
s .
federal statutory income tax rates that were in effect during these periods .
future effective income tax rates could be adversely affected by an unfavorable shift of earnings weighted to jurisdictions with higher tax rates by unfavorable changes in tax laws and regulations by adverse rulings in tax related litigation or by shortfalls in stock-based compensation realized by employees relative to stock-based compensation that was recorded for book purposes among others .
provision for income taxes decreased in fiscal 2019 relative to fiscal 2018 primarily due to the absence of the initial accounting charges related to the tax act that were recorded in fiscal 2018 .
to a lesser extent provision for income taxes also decreased in fiscal 2019 due to the net favorable impacts of our final accounting for the tax act in fiscal 2019 ; the net favorable impacts of the tax act on our tax profile during fiscal 2019 ; the favorable impact of a tax benefit arising from an increase in a deferred tax asset associated with a partial realignment of our legal structure in fiscal 2019 ; and lower income before provision for income taxes in fiscal 2019 .
these decreases to our provision for income taxes in fiscal 2019 relative to fiscal 2018 were partially offset both by lower excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2019 and by less favorable changes in net unrecognized tax benefits due to settlements with tax authorities and other events in fiscal 2019 relative to fiscal 2018 .

Question: Why did the company's provision for income taxes not decrease as much in fiscal 2019 as expected?
Answer: These decreases to our provision for income taxes in fiscal 2019 relative to fiscal 2018 were partially offset both by lower excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2019, and by less favorable changes in net unrecognized tax benefits due to settlements with tax authorities and other events in fiscal 2019 relative to fiscal 2018.