Fiscal year
Fiscal year
Fiscal year
% Change
(in millions of €)
2019
2018
Actual
Comp.
Europe, C. I. S., Africa, Middle East
46,086
46,495
(1)%
(1)%
therein: Germany
12,021
11,254
7%
7%
Americas
29,812
25,060
19%
14%
therein: U.S.
21,166
18,106
17%
10%
Asia, Australia
22,101
19,742
12%
11%
therein: China
8,989
8,459
6%
6%
Siemens
97,999
91,296
7%
6%
therein: emerging markets1
31,720
30,564
4%
4%
a .
4 .
1 orders and revenue by region .
positive currency translation effects added one percentage point each to order and revenue growth ; portfolio transactions had only minimal effects on volume growth year-over-year .
the resulting ratio of orders to revenue -book-to-bill for siemens in fiscal 2019 was a strong 1 .
13 again well above 1 .
the order backlog was € 146 billion as of september 30 2019 a new high .
1 as defined by the international monetary fund .
orders related to external customers were clearly up year-overyear on growth in nearly all industrial businesses led by mobility .
gas and power siemens healthineers smart infrastructure and sgre all posted clear growth while orders declined slightly in digital industries .
volume from large orders for industrial businesses overall was up substantially due to a sharp increase at mobility but also due to a significant increase in sgre and gas and power .
growth in emerging markets was driven by orders from china and from russia where mobility won a € 1 .
2 billion contract for high-speed trains including maintenance .
order development was mixed in the europe c .
i .
s .
africa middle east region .
the majority of industrial businesses posted order growth led by double-digit growth in mobility which won several large contracts in the year under review .
this increase was more than offset by a substantial decline in sgre due mainly to a lower volume from large orders and a decrease in digital industries .
in contrast to the region overall orders were up clearly in germany driven by sharp growth in gas and power which recorded among others a large high voltage direct current -hvdc order .
mobility recorded a significant increase in order intake in germany while the other industrial businesses posted declines .
orders in the americas region were up significantly year-over-year benefiting from positive currency translation effects .
double-digit growth in nearly all industrial businesses was led by sgre and mobility with particularly sharp increases .
the pattern of order development in the u .
s .
was largely the same as in the americas region .
in the asia australia region orders also rose significantly due to growth in nearly all industrial businesses .
the primary growth driver was sgre which recorded a sharply higher volume from large orders including two large orders for offshore wind-farms including service in taiwan totaling € 2 .
3 billion .
orders for mobility dropped substantially compared to the prior year .
clear growth in china included a majority of industrial businesses .

Question: How has the Positive currency translation affected the revenue?
Answer: Positive currency translation effects added one percentage point each to order and revenue growth; portfolio transactions had only minimal effects on volume growth year-over-year.