Before revision: In reference to the 16th and 17th centuries, when globalization emerged, the term has been applied to a variety of states including: the colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, France and England, which ventured out from Europe to establish colonies in the Americas, Africa and Asia; the contiguous empires of the Habsburgs in Europe, Ottoman Turkey, Mughal India, and Safavid Iran in the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Ming dynasty in the Far East.
After revision: In reference to the 16th and 17th centuries, when globalization emerged, the term has been applied to a variety of states including: the colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, France and England, which ventured out from Europe to establish colonies in the Americas, Africa and Asia; the contiguous empires of the Habsburgs in Europe, the Ottomans, Mughals and SafavidsAustrian in the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Ming dynasty in the Far East.