Before revision:  Results from both monolingual English and zero-shot language transfer experiments (with intermediate target-language parsing) show that explicit formalized syntax, injected into transformers through intermediate supervised parsing , has very limited and inconsistent effect on downstream LU performance.
After revision:  Results from both monolingual English and zero-shot language transfer experiments (with intermediate target-language parsing) show that explicit formalized syntax, injected into transformers through IPT , has very limited and inconsistent effect on downstream LU performance.