Before revision: Collier and Kraut (2012) Leading the Collective: Social Capital and the Development of Leaders in Core-Periphery Organizations URL History and use The concept of a Simmelian tie has been developed by David Krackhardt in his 1999 paper, The ties that torture: Simmelian tie analysis in organizations.
After revision: History and use The concept of a Simmelian tie has been developed by David Krackhardt in his 1999 paper, The ties that torture: Simmelian tie analysis in organizations.