Before revision: When that conviction is weak or nonexistent, students generally experience less success, which reinforces the belief that effort doesn't matter.Effort Optimism in the Classroom: Attitudes of Black and White Students on Education, Social Structure and Life Opportunities, E Matthew - 2007 - Ohio State University Lack of effort optimism has often been described as an important part of the achievement gap between students with majority and minority background in the American educational system.
After revision: When that conviction is weak or nonexistent, students generally experience less success, which reinforces the belief that effort doesn't matter.Effort Optimism in the Classroom: Attitudes of Black and White Students on Education, Social Structure and Life Opportunities, E Matthew - 2007 - Ohio State University Lack of effort optimism has often been described as an important part of the achievement gap between students with majority and minority backgrounds in the American educational system.