Before revision: Lepsius Bunsen's student Karl Richard Lepsius primarily used a bipartite system in his 1849–58 Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien: Altes Reich = dynasties 1–16 Neues Reich = dynasties 17–31 Other scholars Auguste Mariette's 1867 Aperçu de l'histoire ancienne d'Égypte: Old Kingdom = Dynasties 1–10 Middle Kingdom = Dynasties 11–17 New Kingdom = Dynasties 18–30 Alfred Wiedemann's Ägyptische Geschichte: Prehistory = Dynasties 1–11 Middle Kingdom = Dynasties 12–19 New Kingdom = Dynasties 20–31 Henri Gauthier's 1907–1917 Le Livre des Rois d'Egypte: Ancien Empire = Dynasties 1–10 Moyen Empire = Dynasties 11–17 Nouvel Empire = Dynasties 17–25 Epoque saïto-persane = Dynasties 26–31 Intermediate periods First Itermediate Period 19th-century Egyptology did not use the concept of "intermediate periods"; these were included as part of the preceding periods "as times of interval or transition".
After revision: Lepsius Bunsen's student Karl Richard Lepsius primarily used a bipartite system in his 1849–58 Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien: Altes Reich = dynasties 1–16 Neues Reich = dynasties 17–31 Other scholars Auguste Mariette's 1867 Aperçu de l'histoire ancienne d'Égypte: Old Kingdom = Dynasties 1–10 Middle Kingdom = Dynasties 11–17 New Kingdom = Dynasties 18–30 Alfred Wiedemann's Ägyptische Geschichte: Prehistory = Dynasties 1–11 Middle Kingdom = Dynasties 12–19 New Kingdom = Dynasties 20–31 Henri Gauthier's 1907–1917 Le Livre des Rois d'Egypte: Ancien Empire = Dynasties 1–10 Moyen Empire = Dynasties 11–17 Nouvel Empire = Dynasties 17–25 Epoque saïto-persane = Dynasties 26–31 Intermediate periods First Intermediate Period 19th-century Egyptology did not use the concept of "intermediate periods"; these were included as part of the preceding periods "as times of interval or transition".