Before revision: The biological systems have been investigated by stochastic thermodynamic approach, especially for E. coli sensory adaptation model.
After revision: The biological systems have been investigated by stochastic thermodynamic approach, especially for E. coli is suitable for investigation because of its simplicity. To understand the adaptation processing quantitatively, stochastic thermodynamic approach has been attempted. Information processing can be assumed as state transition of a system that consists of signal transduction molecules using thermodynamic approach, and efficiency can be measured as a thermodynamic cost.