Before revision: Pioneer species of plant growing in cracks on a solidified recently erupted lava flow in Hawaii Pioneer plants growing on solidified lava on Pico, Azores, avoiding local laurisilva competition Pioneer species are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted as part of ecological succession.
After revision: Pioneer species of plant growing in cracks on a solidified recently erupted lava flow in Hawaii Pioneer plants growing on solidified lava on Pico, Azores, avoiding local laurisilva competition Pioneer species are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate disrupted biodiverse steady-state ecosystems as part of ecological succession.