Before revision:  Second, what are the conditions under which sexual dimorphism, the presence of two phenotypically distinct sexes , is advantageous? We study these questions from the two standpoints of optimal information processing and evolvability. Our analysis provides a new perspective on long-standing problems as well as fresh insights into unexamined questions. More generally , it opens the door to novel interdisciplinary approaches to a central problem of evolutionary biology, the role of sex in adaptation .
After revision:  Second, what are the conditions under which sexual dimorphism, the presence of two phenotypically distinct sexes permits an optimal adaptation to varying environments. We verify that conditions exists where sexual dimorphism is adaptive but find that its evolutionary value does not generally compensate for the two-fold cost of males .