Before revision:  However, under-reporting is commonly prevalent in the early stages of an epidemic. In this study, confirmed cases of healthcare workers are considered as accurate small samples to analyze the impact of under-reporting on the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 from three perspectives: parameter estimation , spatiotemporal correlation, and spatiotemporal lag .
After revision:  However, under-reporting of cases is very common in fields associated with public health. It is also possible to draw biased inferences if the phenomenon of under-reporting is not taken into account. Therefore, in this paper, infection data of healthcare workers are considered as accurate small samples to analyze the impact of under-reporting on the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 from three perspectives: parameter estimation , spatiotemporal correlation, and spatiotemporal lag .