Before revision:  We use the Shannon transform of the P-value p, also known as the  surprisal or S-value s= -log (p), to provide a measure of the information supplied by the testing procedure against these assumptions , and to help calibrate intuitions against simple physical experiments like coin tossing.
After revision:  We use the Shannon transform of the P-value p, also known as the surprisal or S-value s= -\log_{2 (p), to provide a measure of the information supplied by the testing procedure against these assumptions , and to help calibrate intuitions against simple physical experiments like coin tossing.