Before revision: Pioneer species of plant growing in cracks on a solidified recently erupted lava flow in Hawaii Pioneer plants growing on solidified lava on Pico, Azores, avoiding local laurisilva competition Pioneer species are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted by natural disasters such wildfire, flood, mudslide, lava flow or a climate-related extinction event , or by anthropogenic habitat destruction.
After revision: Pioneer species of plant growing in cracks on a solidified recently erupted lava flow in Hawaii Pioneer plants growing on solidified lava on Pico Azores, avoiding local laurisilva competition Pioneer species are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted by natural disasters such wildfire, flood, mudslide, lava flow or a climate-related extinction event , or by anthropogenic habitat destruction.