Before revision: European states Chief magistratures in antiquity include the following titles: Consul Dictator Rex Suffet Chief magistratures in the feudal era (and sometimes beyond) include the following titles: Consul Gonfaloniere Lord Mayor, Mayor and various close equivalents such as Oberbürgermeister or Bürgermeister in German language, ( Lord) Provost in Scotland Podestà Presidente del magistratoRettore "Chief magistrate" is also used as a generic term in English for the various offices in the role of head of state of the various Swiss (confederal) cantons, with such styles as Landamman .
After revision: European states Chief magistratures in antiquity include the following titles: Consul Dictator Rex Suffet Chief magistratures in the feudal era (and sometimes beyond) include the following titles: Consul Gonfaloniere Lord mayor, Mayor and various close equivalents such as or in German language, ( lord) provost in Scotland Podestà "Chief magistrate" is also used as a generic term in English for the various offices in the role of head of state of the various Swiss (confederal) cantons, with such styles as .