Before revision:  We outline the potential uses of these new methods at individual-, group-, population-, and evolutionary-levels, and we highlight their potential to advance behavioral ecology research . This novel quantitative approach makes it possible to address classic research questions from a new perspective and opens a diversity of new questions that previously have been out of reach.
After revision:  We outline the potential uses of these new methods at individual-, group-, population-, and evolutionary-levels, and we highlight their potential to advance behavioral ecology research , including examples that demonstrate how taking a multilayer approach can alter inferences about social structure and the positions of individuals within such a structure. These new insights have consequences for ecological processes such as disease transmission. We also discuss caveats to undertaking multilayer network analysis in the study of animal social networks, and we outline methodological challenges for the application of these approaches. Multilayer network analysis offers a promising approach for tackling classical research questions from a new perspective and opens a diversity of new questions that previously have been out of reach.