Before revision: This paper presents the assessment and forecasts of the transmission dynamics of  COVID-19 with the effects of time-dependent control actions using the data in Kazakhstan as a case study. First, a modified SEIRD (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered, and death) model is introduced. The SEIRD model is developed to take into account the time-dependent characteristics of the model parameters, especially on the ever-evolving value of the reproduction number, which is one of the critical measurements used to describe the transmission dynamics of this epidemic .
After revision: This paper presents the assessment and forecasts of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. By analysing the transmission dynamics during the first wave of COVID-19 in the country, the effectiveness of the various levels of control actions taken to flatten the curve can be better quantified and understood. This in turn can help the relevant authorities to better plan for and control the subsequent waves of the pandemic. To achieve this, a deterministic population model for the pandemic is firstly developed to take into account the time-dependent characteristics of the model parameters, especially on the ever-evolving value of the reproduction number, which is one of the critical measurements used to describe the transmission dynamics of this epidemic .