Before revision: When data do not conform to a Guttman Scale , they may either represent a Guttman Scale with noise (and treated stochastically), or they may have a more complex structure requiring multiple scaling for identifying the scales intrinsic to them.
After revision: When data do not conform to a Guttman scale , they may either represent a Guttman scale with noise (and treated stochastically), or they may have a more complex structure requiring multiple scaling for identifying the scales intrinsic to them.