Before revision: Transformation operators include: code layout randomization: reorder functions in code globals layout randomization: reorder and pad globals stack variable randomization: reorder variables in each stack frame heap layout randomization Natural software diversity It is known that some functionalities are available in multiple interchangeable implementations , this has been called natural software diversity .
After revision: Transformation operators include: code layout randomization: reorder functions in code globals layout randomization: reorder and pad globals stack variable randomization: reorder variables in each stack frame heap layout randomization Natural software diversity It is known that some functionalities are available in multiple interchangeable implementations .