Before revision: Chronology 144px|Ken O'Keefe, founder of the action In December 2002, Kenneth O'Keefe, an ex-U.S. Marine and Gulf War veteran who had attempted multiple times to renounce his U.S. citizenship, posted a call to action for large numbers of western citizens to migrate to Iraq and deploy themselves as "Human Shields".
After revision: Chronology 144px|Ken O'Keefe, founder of the action In December 2002, Kenneth O'Keefe, an ex-US marine and Persian Gulf War veteran who had attempted multiple times to renounce his U.S. citizenship, posted a call to action for large numbers of western citizens to migrate to Iraq and deploy themselves as "Human Shields".