Before revision: In reference to the 16th and 17th centuries, when globalization emerged, the term has been applied to a variety of states including: the colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, France and England, which ventured out from Europe to establish colonies in the Americas, Africa and Asia; the contiguous empires of the Austrian Habsburgs in Europe, the Ottomans, Mughals and Safavids in the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Ming dynasty in the Far East
After revision: In reference to the 16th and 17th centuries, when globalization emerged, the term has been applied to a variety of states including: the colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, their Iberian Union, and later that of the Netherlands which ventured out from Europe to establish colonies in the Americas, Africa and Asia; the Gunpowder empires the. Ottomans, Mughals and Safavids in the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Ming dynasty in the Far East