Before revision: Components subject to fouling Condenser tube with calcium carbonate scaling (cut open) Brass tube with corrosion traces (cut open) Examples of components that may be subject to fouling and the corresponding effects of fouling: Heat exchanger surfaces – reduces thermal efficiency, decreases heat flux, increases temperature on the hot side, decreases temperature on the cold side, induces under-deposit corrosion, increases use of cooling water; Piping, flow channels – reduces flow, increases pressure drop, increases upstream pressure, increases energy expenditure, may cause flow oscillations, slugging in two-phase flow, cavitation; may increase flow velocity elsewhere, may induce vibrations, may cause flow blockage; Ship hulls – creates additional drag, increases fuel usage, reduces maximum speed;"Marine fouling and its prevention"; prepared for Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States, Navy Dept.
After revision: Components subject to fouling cross-section of a condenser tube with calcium carbonate scaling cross-section of a brass tube with corrosion traces Examples of components that may be subject to fouling and the corresponding effects of fouling: Heat exchanger surfaces – reduces thermal efficiency, decreases heat flux, increases temperature on the hot side, decreases temperature on the cold side, induces under-deposit corrosion, increases use of cooling water; Piping, flow channels – reduces flow, increases pressure drop, increases upstream pressure, increases energy expenditure, may cause flow oscillations, slugging in two-phase flow, cavitation; may increase flow velocity elsewhere, may induce vibrations, may cause flow blockage; Ship hulls – creates additional drag, increases fuel usage, reduces maximum speed;"Marine fouling and its prevention"; prepared for Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States, Navy Dept.