Before revision:  The findings reveal the expected context-dependent modulation , but also a general tendency to more readily attribute causal inference from brain to mind than vice versa . We argue that this tendency has important consequences, especially in the context of Body Integrity Dysphoria, a condition where little is known about underlying causal mechanisms .
After revision:  The findings reveal the expected context-dependent modulation , but also a general tendency to more readily attribute causal inference from brain to mind than vice versa with respect to BID. Conclusion. In some contexts, exemplified here by aphasia and piano playing, unidirectional causality attributions may be justified. However, with respect to BID, we critically discuss presumably unjustified neuroreductionist inclinations under causal uncertainty. Finally, we emphasize the need for a presupposition-free approach in psychiatry .