Before revision:  Consequently, minority groups could be perpetually underestimated -- they are never hired, and therefore, data about them is never accumulated. We proved that this problem becomes more serious when the population ratio is imbalanced, as is the case in many extant discrimination problems. We consider two affirmative-action policies for solving this dilemma: One is a subsidy rule that is based on the popular upper confidence bound algorithm, and another is the Rooney Rule , which requires firms to interview at least one minority worker for each hiring opportunity .
After revision:  Consequently, minority groups could be perpetually underestimated -- they are never hired, and therefore, underestimation towards them tends to persist. Even a slight population-ratio imbalance frequently produces perpetual underestimation. We propose two policy solutions: a novel subsidy rule (the hybrid mechanism) and the Rooney Rule , which requires firms to interview at least one minority worker for each hiring opportunity .