Before revision:  A novel mapping technique enables software energy consumption estimations at a higher level than the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), namely the LLVM Intermediate Representation (IR) level, and therefore introduces energy transparency directly to the LLVM optimizer.
After revision:  Our novel mapping technique enables software energy consumption estimations at a higher level than the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), namely the LLVM Intermediate Representation (IR) level, and therefore introduces energy transparency directly to the LLVM optimizer.