Before revision:  Here, UP and DOWN state dynamics are analyzed in cortical recordings from human, monkey, and rat and found to be robustly different between deep sleep and anesthesia. We found that the temporal statistics of UP and DOWN states is robustly different in natural slow-wave sleep compared to the slow-waves of anesthesia.
After revision:  Here, we shed light onto this paradox, based on a combination of extracellular recordings in vivo, in vitro and computational models. We find two types of slow waves, based on analyzing the temporal patterns of successive slow-wave sleep compared to the slow-waves of anesthesia.