Before revision:  113:268105, 2014 . In negative-feedback networks, we find a fundamental inequality similar to the Carnot theorem in classical thermodynamics . Based on the fluctuation-feedback relation, we also develop an effective method to extract the topological information of a gene regulatory network from single-cell gene expression data via only three statistical quantities: the mean, variance, and decaying rate of the steady-state protein distribution .
After revision:  113:268105, 2014 . In negative-feedback networks, we find a fundamental inequality similar to the Carnot theorem in classical thermodynamics . Based on the fluctuation-feedback relation, we also develop an effective method to extract the topological information of a gene regulatory network from single-cell gene expression data .