Before revision: Other adverse effects, such as depression, anxiety, elevated risks of suicide, and increased risks of physical abuse, have also been consistently linked to the use of corporal punishment, including mild forms of corporal punishment such as spanking at buttocks or extremities without an object by parents.
After revision: low-frequency corporal punishment andOther adverse effects, such as depression, anxiety, elevated risks of suicide, and increased risks of physical abuse, have also been consistently linked to the use of corporal punishment, including mild forms of corporal punishment such as spanking at buttocks or extremities without an object by parents.