Before revision: In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in surface engineering from age-old electroplating to processes such as vapor phase deposition, diffusion, thermal spray & welding using like plasma,laser, ion,electron, microwave, solar beams, pulsed arc, pulsed combustion, spark, friction and induction.
After revision: In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in surface engineering from age-old electroplating to processes such as vapor phase deposition, diffusion, thermal spray & welding using heat sources ,such as, laser,plasma,solar beam.microwave;friction.pulsed combustion.ion, electron pulsed arc, spark, friction and induction.