Before revision:  Subsequently, we deduce the marginal impact of each feature using Shapley value function  .
After revision:  Subsequently, we deduce the marginal impact of each feature using Shapley value function ; a solution concept in cooperative game theory used to estimate marginal contributions of players in a coalitional game. Finally, we design a fairness utility score for each feature (for feature selection) which quantifies how this feature influences accurate as well as nondiscriminatory decisions .