Before revision:  As an input-output approach, I-V curve shaping proves effective in enabling robust and accurate control of the circuit behavior , suggesting a close analogy to the biophysical mechanisms of neuromodulation  .
After revision:  As an input-output . The circuit elements are controlled and interconnected to shape the current-voltage characteristics ( I-V curve shaping proves effective in enabling robust and accurate control of the circuit behavior , suggesting a close analogy to the biophysical mechanisms of neuromodulation .