Before revision:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics , in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.
After revision:  This paper empirically explores the chronological Hurst exponent (CHE) , an approach that calculates the Hurst exponent over an increasing duration of time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics in the monthly numbers of United States patent and trademark applications from 1977 to 2016.