Before revision:  For both topologies , we develop fluid models and conduct a detailed local stability analysis in the small buffer regime, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for local stability. Further, we show that the underlying non-linear models undergo a Hopf bifurcation as the stability conditions just get violated. Using a combination of analysis and packet-level simulations, we emphasise that larger buffer thresholds , in addition to increasing latency, are prone to inducing limit cycles  .
After revision:  For both topologies , we develop fluid models and conduct a detailed local stability analysis for these models yields the following key insight: smaller buffers favour stability. Additionally, we highlight that larger buffers , in addition to increasing latency, are prone to inducing limit cycles .