Before revision: Pioneer species of plant growing in cracks on a solidified recently erupted lava flow in Hawaii Pioneer plants growing on solidified lava on Pico, Azores, avoiding local laurisilva competition Pioneer species are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted by natural disasters such wildfire, flood, mudslide, lava flow or a climate-related extinction event or by anthropogenic habitat destruction.
After revision: Pioneer THIS IS FAKE of plant growing in cracks on a solidified recently erupted lava flow in Hawaii Pioneer plants growing on solidified lava on Pico, Azores, avoiding local laurisilva competition Pioneer species are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted by natural disasters such wildfire, flood, mudslide, lava flow or a climate-related extinction event or by anthropogenic habitat destruction.