Before revision: Zmuidzinas and P. L. Richards, "Superconducting detectors and mixers for millimeter and submillimeter astrophysics," Proceedings of the IEEE 92, 1597 (2004), In this application, the STJ is dc biased at a voltage just below the gap voltage ( |V| = 2Δ/e ).
After revision: Zmuidzinas and P. L. Richards, "Superconducting detectors and mixers for millimeter and submillimeter astrophysics," Proceedings of the IEEE 92, 1597 (2004), In this application, the STJ is dc biased at a voltage just below the gap voltage ( ).