Before revision: 5–7 For instance, the force on a current-carrying conductor is given by, where History The impedance analogy is sometimes called the Maxwell analogy after James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) who used mechanical analogies to explain his ideas of electromagnetic fields.Stephens & Bate, p. 421 However, the term impedance was not coined until 1886 (by Oliver Heaviside),Martinsen & Grimnes, p. 287 the idea of complex impedance was introduced by Arthur E. Kennelly in 1893, and the concept of impedance was not extended into the mechanical domain until 1920 by Kennelly and Arthur Gordon Webster.Hunt p. 66 Henri Poincaré in 1907 was the first to describe a transducer as a pair of linear algebraic equations relating electrical variables (voltage and current) to mechanical variables (force and velocity).Pierce, p. 200, cites Poincaré Wegel, in 1921, was the first to express these equations in terms of mechanical impedance as well as electrical impedance
After revision: .5–7 For instance, the force on a current-carrying conductor is given by, where History The impedance analogy is sometimes called the Maxwell analogy after James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) who used mechanical analogies to explain his ideas of electromagnetic fields.Stephens & Bate, p. 421 However, the term impedance was not coined until 1886 (by Oliver Heaviside),Martinsen & Grimnes, p. 287 the idea of complex impedance was introduced by Arthur E. Kennelly in 1893, and the concept of impedance was not extended into the mechanical domain until 1920 by Kennelly and Arthur Gordon Webster.Hunt p. 66 Henri Poincaré in 1907 was the first to describe a transducer as a pair of linear algebraic equations relating electrical variables (voltage and current) to mechanical variables (force and velocity).Pierce, p. 200, cites Poincaré Wegel, in 1921, was the first to express these equations in terms of mechanical impedance as well as electrical impedance