Before revision:  All these results are robust to splitting the sample by gender : in our context , neither men nor women discriminate between genders when they are in charge of punishing defectors or rewarding cooperators .
After revision:  Study 3a (N=331) and Study 3b (N=310) conceptually replicate Study 2 with a slightly different gender manipulation. These latter studies show that, in situations where they do not have specific beliefs about the gender of the defector/cooperator's partner , neither men nor women discriminate between genders when they are in charge of punishing defectors or rewarding cooperators .