Before revision:  To model the discontinuities, this study introduces the tool of total variationregularization , which regulates the temporal changes of the dynamic parameters, such as the transmission rate. To recover the ground truth dynamic, this study designs a novel yet straightforward optimization algorithm, dubbed iterative Nelder-Mead , which repeatedly applies the Nelder-Mead algorithm.
After revision:  To model the discontinuities, this study introduces the tool of total variationregularization , which regulates the temporal variations of the model parameters. To infer these parameters, instead of using Monte Carlo methods, we design a novel yet straightforward optimization algorithm, dubbed iterative Nelder-Mead , which repeatedly applies the Nelder-Mead algorithm.