Before revision: Old, Middle and New Kingdoms Bunsen In his 1844–57 Ägyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte, Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen became the first Egyptologist to propose what became the modern "tri-partite division" for Egypt's history: Altes Reich ("Old Empire") = Menes until the beginning of dynasty 13, Mittleres Reich ("Middle Empire") = Hyksos until dynasty 17 Neues Reich ("New Empire") = from the 18th dynasty onward Bunsen explained, in the English translation of his 1844 work, how he came to derive the three Kingdoms:Egypt's place in universal history: an historical investigation in five books, pages xiii and 42 In 1834 I discovered in the list of Eratosthenes the key to the restoration of the first 12 Dynasties of Manetho, and was thereby enabled to fix the length of the Old Empire.
After revision: Old, Middle and New Kingdoms Bunsen In his 1844–57 Ägyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte, Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen became the first Egyptologist to propose what became the modern "tri-partite division" for Egypt's history: Altes Reich ("Old Empire") = Menes until the beginning of the 13th Dynasty Mittleres Reich ("Middle Empire") = Hyksos until the 17th Dynasty Neues Reich ("New Empire") = from the 18th Dynasty onward Bunsen explained, in the English translation of his 1844 work, how he came to derive the three Kingdoms:Egypt's place in universal history: an historical investigation in five books, pages xiii and 42 In 1834 I discovered in the list of Eratosthenes the key to the restoration of the first 12 Dynasties of Manetho, and was thereby enabled to fix the length of the Old Empire.