Before revision:  Our framework leads to the notion of expected marginal contribution (EMC) of an individual with respect to a selection policy as a measure of deviation from meritocracy.
After revision:  When the utility function is defined over sets, this raises the question of how to define meritocracy. We define and analyse an appropriate notion of meritocracy derived from the utility function. We introduce the notion of expected marginal contribution (EMC) of an individual with respect to a selection policy as a measure of deviation from meritocracy.