Before revision: Lifespring was an American for-profit human potential organization founded in 1974 by John Hanley Sr., Robert White, Randy Revell, and Charlene Afremow.About Robert White, Living an Extraordinary Life, retrieved 10/20/13Large Group Awareness Training Program, The Skeptic's Dictionary, retrieved 10/20/13 The organization encountered significant controversy in the 1970s and 1980s , with various academic articles characterizing Lifespring's training methods as "deceptive and indirect techniques of persuasion and control", and allegations that Lifespring was a cult that used coercive methods to prevent members from leaving.
After revision: Lifespring was an American for-profit human potential organization founded in 1974 by John Hanley Sr., Robert White, Randy Revell, and Charlene Afremow.About Robert White, Living an Extraordinary Life, retrieved 10/20/13Large Group Awareness Training Program, The Skeptic's Dictionary, retrieved 10/20/13 The organization encountered significant controversy in the 1970s and '80s , with various academic articles characterizing Lifespring's training methods as "deceptive and indirect techniques of persuasion and control", and allegations that Lifespring was a cult that used coercive methods to prevent members from leaving.