Before revision: Annals of the Association of American Geographers 73.1 (1983): 1-17 online Push factors: Not enough jobs Few opportunities Conscription (draft young men into army) Famine or drought Political fear of persecution Poor medical care Loss of wealth Natural disasters Death threats Desire for more political or religious freedom Pollution Poor housing Discrimination Poor chances of marrying War or threat of invasion Disease Pull factors: Job opportunities Better living conditions The feeling of having more political or religious freedom Enjoyment Education Better medical care Attractive climates Security Family links Industry Better chances of marrying Climate cycles The modern field of climate history suggests that the successive waves of Eurasian nomadic movement throughout history have had their origins in climatic cycles, which have expanded or contracted pastureland in Central Asia, especially Mongolia and to its west the Altai .
After revision: MountainsAnnals of the Association of American Geographers 73.1 (1983): 1-17 online Push factors: Not enough jobs Few opportunities Conscription (draft young men into army) Famine or drought Political fear of persecution Poor medical care Loss of wealth Natural disasters Death threats Desire for more political or religious freedom Pollution Poor housing Discrimination Poor chances of marrying War or threat of invasion Disease Pull factors: Job opportunities Better living conditions The feeling of having more political or religious freedom Enjoyment Education Better medical care Attractive climates Security Family links Industry Better chances of marrying Climate cycles The modern field of climate history suggests that the successive waves of Eurasian nomadic movement throughout history have had their origins in climatic cycles, which have expanded or contracted pastureland in Central Asia, especially Mongolia and to its west the Altai .