Before revision:  To address these problems, we adapted  HCI methods to reduce iteration and training costs and designed tasks and analyses that mitigated the high variance. We evaluated the methods by using them to design two languages for professional developers . Glacier extends Java to enable programmers to express immutability properties effectively and easily.
After revision:  To address these problems, we adapted HCI methods to make them more suitable for programming language design. We integrated these methods into a new process, PLIERS, for designing programming languages in a user-centered way. We evaluated PLIERS by using it to design two languages for professional developers . Glacier extends Java to enable programmers to express immutability properties effectively and easily.