Before revision: From antiquity to the Middle Ages various arguments were put forward to prove or disapprove the facts surrounding the existence of a vacuum and several attempts were made to construct a vacuum but all proved unsuccessful.266px|Heating a body, such as a segment of protein alpha helix (above), tends to cause its atoms to vibrate more, and the body itself to expand—or change phase, if heating is continued; an axiom of nature noted by Herman Boerhaave in the 1700s.
After revision: From antiquity to the Middle Ages various arguments were put forward to prove or disapprove the existence of a vacuum and several attempts were made to construct a vacuum but all proved unsuccessful.266px|Heating a body, such as a segment of protein alpha helix (above), tends to cause its atoms to vibrate more, and the body itself to expand—or change phase, if heating is continued; an axiom of nature noted by Herman Boerhaave in the 1700s.