Before revision: In 2017, one review of the research in the U.S.A. concluded that a) on average students lost one month of learning over the summer months, b) losses were higher for maths as compared to reading , c) higher grade levels experienced more loss , d) the income-learning gap was especially significant because middle-class students tended to show an improvement in reading skills during the summer while lower-income students tended to experience a loss in reading skills (there was not a similar gap with respect to maths) , and e) there was no difference by gender or race in either subject .
After revision: In 2017, one review of the research in the U.S.A. concluded that a) on average students lost one month of learning over the summer months, b) students lost more of their math ability than their reading ability , c) students in higher grades lost more of their learning in general than those in lower grades , d) students from low income households lost reading ability, but students in middle and high income households gained some , and e) there was no difference in loss or gain based on gender or race in either math or reading .