Before revision: The standard rule of soccer penalty shootouts has received serious criticism due to its bias towards the team kicking the first penalty in each round. Therefore, the rule-making body of the sport has decided in 2017 to try alternative designs. This paper offers an extensive overview of eight penalty shootout mechanisms, one of them first introduced here .
After revision: The sequence of moves in a dynamic team tournament may distort the ex-ante winning probabilities and harm efficiency. This paper compares eight different rules, suggested for soccer penalty shootouts, to determine the order of actions .