Before revision:  This is due to the optimality of coding and learning schemes, which have yet to be clearly understood. This naturally challenges the formulation of biologically inspired RSNNs in order to improve our understanding of biological intelligence and the efficiency of artificial ones . Several spiking network models have been proposed  but it remains a challenge to design RSNNs that use biologically plausible mechanisms  capable of solving complex temporal tasks.
After revision:  This motivates the search for biologically inspired learning rules for RSNNs to improve our understanding of biological intelligence and the efficiency of artificial ones . Several spiking network models have been proposed but it remains a challenge to design RSNNs that use biologically plausible mechanisms capable of solving complex temporal tasks.