Before revision:  The cellular goal (the optimization problem  the cell is trying to solve) can be challenging to define experimentally for URLanisms, including human or mammalian cells, which have complex metabolic capabilities and are not well understood.
After revision:  The cellular goal (the optimization problem the cell is trying to solve) can be challenging to derive experimentally for URLanisms, including human or mammalian cells, which have complex metabolic capabilities and are not well understood.