Before revision: Existing formal ontologies (foundational ontologies) BFO – Basic Formal Ontology BORO – Business Objects Reference Ontology CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Cyc (Cyc is not just an upper ontology, it also contains many mid-level and specialized ontologies as well) UMBEL – Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer, a subset of OpenCyc DOLCE – Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering GFO – General Formal Ontology SUMO – Suggested Upper Merged Ontology ISO 15926-2 – Integration of life-cycle data for process plants - Data Model Common terms in formal (upper-level) ontologies The differences in terminology used between separate formal upper-level ontologies can be quite substantial, but most formal upper-level ontologies apply one foremost dichotomy: that between endurants and perdurants.
After revision: Existing formal ontologies (foundational ontologies) BFO – Basic Formal Ontology BORO – Business Objects Reference Ontology CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Cyc (Cyc is not just an upper ontology, it also contains many mid-level and specialized ontologies as well) UMBEL – Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer, a subset of OpenCyc DOLCE – Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering GFO – General Formal Ontology SUMO – Suggested Upper Merged Ontology Common terms in formal (upper-level) ontologies The differences in terminology used between separate formal upper-level ontologies can be quite substantial, but most formal upper-level ontologies apply one foremost dichotomy: that between endurants and perdurants.