Before revision: Large scale modeling and simulation problems, from nanoscale materials to universe-scale cosmology, have in the past used the massive computing resources of High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. Over the last decade, cloud computing has gained popularity for business applications and increasingly for computationally intensive machine learning problems. Despite the prolific literature, the question remains open whether cloud computing can provide HPC-competitive performance for a wide range of scientific applications.
After revision: Can cloud computing infrastructures provide HPC-competitive performance for scientific applications broadly? Despite prolific related literature, this question remains open whether cloud computing can provide HPC-competitive performance for a wide range of scientific applications.