Before revision:  Most existing approaches to multilingual ToD thus rely on (zero- or few-shot) cross-lingual transfer from resource-rich languages ( in ToD, this is basically only English), either by means of (i) machine translation or (ii) multilingual representation spaces.
After revision:  Hence, state-of-the-art approaches to multilingual ToD thus rely on (zero- or few-shot) cross-lingual transfer from resource-rich languages ( in ToD, this is basically only English), either by means of (i) machine translation or (ii) multilingual representation spaces.