Before revision: £29.50 cloth - Peter J. Taylor, 1989 (sagepub.com) Joshua S. Goldstein Goldstein in 1988JS Goldstein, 'Long Cycles; Prosperity and War in the Modern Age, 1988, available at URL posited a 'hegemony cycle' of 150 years' duration, the four hegemonic powers since 1494 being; Hapsburg Spain, 1494-1648; ended by the Thirty Years War, in which Spain itself was the 'challenger'; the Treaty of Westphalia and the beginnings of the nation-state.
After revision: – Peter J. Taylor, 1989 (sagepub.com) Joshua S. Goldstein Goldstein in 1988JS Goldstein, 'Long Cycles; Prosperity and War in the Modern Age, 1988, available at URL posited a 'hegemony cycle' of 150 years' duration, the four hegemonic powers since 1494 being; Hapsburg Spain, 1494-1648; ended by the Thirty Years War, in which Spain itself was the 'challenger'; the Treaty of Westphalia and the beginnings of the nation-state.