Before revision:  An experiment that an unbiased estimator achieving the Fisher information and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) localizes emitters frame by frame independently is simulated and the result demonstrates the superior sensitivity of RMSMD over the other four metrics .
After revision:  An experiment that an unbiased estimator achieving the Fisher information and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of a single data frame is proposed to benchmark the quality of localization nanoscopy images and the performance of localization algorithms. The information-achieving estimator is simulated in an example and the result demonstrates the superior sensitivity of RMSMD over the other four metrics .