Before revision: These properties are typically characterized in terms of three mechanical elastic modulus: the area expansion modulus Ka, a bending modulus Kb and an edge energy .
After revision: Local point deformations such as membrane protein interactions are typically modelled with the complex theory of biological liquid crystals but the mechanical properties of a homogeneous bilayer are oftenonly characterized in terms of three mechanical elastic modulus: the area expansion modulus Ka, a bending modulus Kb and an edge energy .