Before revision: In reference to the 16th and 17th centuries, when globalization emerged, the term has been applied to a variety of states including: the empires of Portugal, Spain, their Iberian Union, and later that of the Netherlands , all .
After revision: In reference to the 16th and 17th centuries, when globalization emerged, the term has been applied to a variety of states including: the empires of Spain, Portugal and their Iberian Union, and later that of the Netherlands .