Before revision: ", Erdkunde 69, 2 (2015): 125-137, doi: URL Concept The concept of phantom borders is recent, stemming from their identification in the project (also known as the Phantom Borders in East Central Europe Project, a now-defunct European border studies research network backed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), which defines the phenomenon as "former, predominantly political borders that structure today’s world (…), historical spaces [that] persist or re-emerge”.Phantomgrenzen Project.
After revision: ", Erdkunde 69, 2 (2015): 125-137, doi: URL Concept Though the phenomenon of phantom borders is recent, stemming from itsancient, articulation of the concept is identification in the project (also known as the Phantom Borders in East Central Europe Project, a now-defunct European border studies research network backed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), which defines the phenomenon as "former, predominantly political borders that structure today’s world (…), historical spaces [that] persist or re-emerge”.Phantomgrenzen Project.