Before revision: Primary orality is thought and expression un-touched by the culture of writing of print; secondary orality is explained by Ong as oral culture defined by (implicitly influenced) by the written and printed word, and includes oral culture made possible by technology such as a newscaster reading a news report on television.
After revision: Primary orality is thought and expression un-touched the culture of writing of print; secondary orality is explained by Ong as oral culture defined by (implicitly influenced) by the written and printed word, and includes oral culture made possible by technology such as a newscaster reading a news report on television.