Before revision: In trivial terms, all populations have genetic structure, because all populations can be characterised by their genotype or allele frequencies: if only 1% of a large sample of moths drawn from a single population have spotted wings, then it is safe to assume that any unknown individual is unlikely to have spotted wings.
After revision: In trivial terms, all populations have genetic structure, because all populations can be characterized by their genotype or allele frequencies: if only 1% of a large sample of moths drawn from a single population have spotted wings, then it is safe to assume that any unknown individual is unlikely to have spotted wings.