Before revision: History upright=1.1|Casting pig iron at the Iroquois smelter in Chicago between 1890 and 1901 Smelting and producing wrought iron was known in ancient Europe and the Middle East, but it was produced in bloomeries by direct reduction.
After revision: History upright=1.1|Casting pig iron at the Iroquois smelter in Chicago between 1890 and 1901 Smelting and producing wrought iron were known in ancient Europe and the Middle East, but it was produced in bloomeries by direct reduction.