Before revision:  In our non-concave optimization problem, we find that with a not too strict regulation for any VaR-constraint with an arbitrary risk level, there exists an ES-constraint leading to the same investment strategy, which shows on some level the ineffectiveness of the ES-based  regulation  .
After revision:  In our non-concave optimization problem, we find that with a not too strict regulation for any VaR-constraint with an arbitrary risk level, there exists an ES-constraint leading to the same investment strategy, which shows on some level the ineffectiveness of the ES-based regulation. In addition, we show that the VaR and ES-based regulation .