Before revision:  The metrics of root mean square error (RMSE or accuracy) , precision, recall, and Jaccard index (JAC) are currently used in the literature but in certain conditions fail in distinguishing qualities of different nanoscopy images . In this paper, the root mean square minimum distance (RMSMD) is proposed as a quality metric for localization nanoscopy images .
After revision:  The metrics of root mean square error (RMSE or accuracy) , precision, recall, and Jaccard index (JAC) are currently used in the literature but in certain conditions fail in distinguishing qualities of different nanoscopy images in certain conditions. An experiment that an unbiased estimator achieving the Fisher information and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) localizes emitters frame by frame independently is simulated and the result demonstrates the superior sensitivity of RMSMD over the other four metrics. The RMSMD of an information-achieving nanoscopy image benchmarks localization nanoscopy images .