Before revision:  The availability of a model or of a theory of the causal chain leading from a decision outcome to one or more decision effects is assumed for the decision taker , otherwise the decision outcome is merely an utterance. Decision effectiveness measures the decision effects against objectives meant to be served with the decision .
After revision:  The availability of a model or of a theory of the causal chain leading from a decision outcome to one or more decision effects may support a decision taker decision taker in predicting plausible decision effects for candidate decision outcomes .