Before revision: The contact angle between a liquid and electrode can be described as: cos Θ(VA) = cos Θ(0) + (1/2)(ε/dγLV)(VA2) Where VA, d, ε, and γLV are applied voltage, thickness of the insulation layer, dielectric constant of the insulation layer, and the interfacial tension constant between liquid and gas.
After revision: The contact angle between a liquid and electrode can be described as: cos Θ(VA) = cos Θ(0) + (1/2)(ε/dγLV)(VA2) where VA, d, ε, and γLV are applied voltage, thickness of the insulation layer, dielectric constant of the insulation layer, and the interfacial tension constant between liquid and gas.