Before revision:  Simulations show that assigning unemployed to programmes that maximise individual gains as identified in our estimation can considerably improve effectiveness . Simplified rules, such as one giving priority to unemployed with low employability, mostly recent migrants, lead to about half of the gains obtained by more sophisticated rules .
After revision:  Simulations show that 'black-box' rules that reassign unemployed to programmes that maximise individual gains as identified in our estimation can considerably improve effectiveness . Simplified rules, such as one giving priority to unemployed with low employability, mostly recent migrants, lead to about half of the gains obtained by more sophisticated rules .