Before revision: Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999 Affective Meditation is the spiritual practice around which the tradition and philosophy of affective piety revolves, and was initiated by saint Anselm of Canterbury, subsequently by Bernard of Clairvaux, and latterly by Francis of Assisi, who are credited with spawning an expressive form of worship through which members of the clergy, monastic orders, and laity visualized and envisioned scenes from the life of Christ with which they empathized to such degree that their compassionate identification with the suffering of him and his mother Mary manifested in emotive vocal sounds and physical movements.Bestul, T. H., St. Anselm and the Continuity of Anglo-Saxon Devotional Traditions.
After revision: Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999 Affective Meditation is the spiritual practice around which the tradition and philosophy of affective piety revolves, and was initiated by Saint Anselm of Canterbury, subsequently by Bernard of Clairvaux, and latterly by Francis of Assisi, who are credited with spawning an expressive form of worship through which members of the clergy, monastic orders, and laity visualized and envisioned scenes from the life of Christ with which they empathized to such degree that their compassionate identification with the suffering of him and his mother Mary manifested in emotive vocal sounds and physical movements.Bestul, T. H., St. Anselm and the Continuity of Anglo-Saxon Devotional Traditions.