Before revision: ion thrusters and Hall-effect thrusters) for high-specific-impulse propulsion, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and advanced materials for rapid prototyping and production of lightweight and durable components, artificial intelligence and machine learning-assisted autonomous systems for spacecraft autonomy and improved operational efficiency in long and faraway missions, In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies for extraction and utilization of local resources on celestial bodies, and CubeSats and other standardized miniature satellites for cost-effective space missions around Earth.
After revision: solar sails (using sunlight pressure) for continuous thrust without the need for traditional rockets,ion thrusters and Hall-effect thrusters) for high-specific-impulse propulsion, additive manufacturing (3D printing) and advanced materials for rapid prototyping and production of lightweight and durable components, artificial intelligence and machine learning-assisted autonomous systems for spacecraft autonomy and improved operational efficiency in long and faraway missions, In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies for extraction and utilization of local resources on celestial bodies, and CubeSats and other standardized miniature satellites for cost-effective space missions around Earth.