Before revision:  This interplay gives rise to a range of characteristic phenomenathat can be captured within this general framework, such as sustained periodic outbreaks, multiple epidemic waves, or prompt behavioural response ensuring a successful eradication of the disease. The model's potentialities are demonstrated by three case studiesbased on real-world gonorrhoea, 1918--19 Spanish flu and COVID-19 .
After revision:  This interplay gives rise to a range of characteristic phenomenathat can be captured within this general framework, such as sustained periodic outbreaks, as illustrated through two real-world case studies .