Before revision: Prioritization of causes
After revision: Scholarly communication in policy-making300px|Example of the policy cycle conceptAcademics provide input to policy beyond the production of content relating to issues addressed via policy through various channels: some studies investigate existing policies (policy studies) University press release: some studies include policy options with varying levels of specificity or detail or compare possible rough pathway-options some science-related organizations devise concrete policy proposals some academics engage in science communication or activism in various ways such as by holding press conferences, actively engaging with news media, engaging direct action themselves to attract media attention, writing collectively-signed public documents, social media activities, or creating open letters.