Before revision:  Although bus ridership is declining across neighborhood characteristics, these results suggest that the underlying cause  must be primarily affecting the travel behavior of white bus riders . Shifts in neighborhood socio-demographics, however, were found to be modest and unlikely to be causing the nation-wide ridership crisis. Only in Miami is the proportion of white residents near the most frequent parts of the bus network increasing. There, demographic shifts may be contributing to the overall decline in bus ridership .
After revision:  Although bus ridership is declining across neighborhood characteristics, these results suggest that the underlying cause must be primarily affecting the travel behavior of white bus riders .