Before revision:  This leads to a lack of investment in network infrastructure, resulting in a phenomenon commonly referred to as the 'digital divide' . In this paper we present a  method that uses publicly available satellite imagery to predict telecoms demand metrics, including cell phone adoption and spending on mobile services, and apply the method to Malawi and Ethiopia.
After revision:  This leads to a lack of investment in network infrastructure, resulting in a phenomenon commonly referred to as the `digital divide` . In this paper we present a method that uses publicly available satellite imagery to predict telecoms demand metrics, including cell phone adoption and spending on mobile services, and apply the method to Malawi and Ethiopia.