Before revision:  To this end, we propose assessment modeling, fundamental pre-training tasks for IESs . An assessment is a feature of student-system interactions which can act as pedagogical evaluation, such as student response correctness or timeliness .
After revision:  To this end, we propose Assessment Modeling, a class of fundamental pre-training tasks for IESs . An assessment is a feature of student-system interactions which can act as pedagogical evaluation, such as student response correctness or timeliness .