Before revision: Van de Walle first attributes the failure to implement economic policy reform to factors within the African state: Neopatrimonial tendencies of state elites that serve to preserve and centralize power, maintain limited access orders, and create political obstacles to reform.
After revision: Van de Walle Neopatrimonial tendencies of state elites that serve to preserve and centralize power, maintain limited access orders, and create political obstacles to reform.