Before revision: Compared to other cognitive strategies Self-handicapping Elliot and Church (2003) determined that people adopt defensive pessimism or self-handicapping strategies for the same reason: to deal with anxiety provoking situations.
After revision: Compared to other cognitive strategies Self-handicapping Elliot and Church (2003) determined that people adopt defensive pessimism or self-handicapping strategies for the same reason: to deal with anxiety-provoking situations.