Before revision: Solution approaches Analytical solutions In some cases when load and resistance are explicitly expressed (such as equation ( 1 ) above), and their distributions are normal , the integral of equation ( 1 ) has a closed-form solution as follows.
After revision: Solution approaches Analytical solutions In some cases when load and resistance are explicitly expressed (such as equation ( ) above), and their distributions are normal , the integral of equation ( ) has a closed-form solution as follows.