Before revision:  These emotions are associated with memories when neuromodulators such as dopamine and noradrenaline affect  entire patterns of synaptically activated neurons.
After revision:  These emotions are associated with memories when neuromodulators such as dopamine and noradrenaline affect neural dynamics in the human brain by being distributed diffusely through neocortical regions. This allows one-time learning to take place through strengthening entire patterns of synaptically activated neurons.