EliasHossain/CancerAbstracts huggingface dataset:
Category: Lung_Cancer
Altered cellular immune function has been demonstrated in patients with lung cancer, including decreased numbers of circulating lymphocytes and changes in the percentage of lymphocytes in various functional subsets. We quantitated lymphocyte subsets in 54 patients with lung cancer including patients with limited (stages 1 and 2) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 23), advanced (stage 3) NSCLC (n = 16), and small cell cancer (SCLC, n = 15). Serum albumin was decreased in 15 lung cancer patients, and lymphocyte subsets were separately evaluated in these patients. Lymphocyte populations in cancer patients were compared to those of nonsmokers and a smoking patient population. No difference from smokers was noted in patients with limited NSCLC. Patients with SCLC and advanced NSCLC had significantly decreased numbers of T-helper and T-suppressor cells (p less than 0.05). Patients with lung cancer and hypoalbuminemia had the greatest decrease in number of circulating T-helper cells (p less than 0.001). B-lymphocytes were also decreased in patients with advanced NSCLC and patients with hypoalbuminemia (p less than 0.05). A decrease in population of T-lymphocytes subsets is frequent in patients with SCLC, advanced NSCLC, and lung cancer patients with hypoalbuminemia.
Category: Thyroid_Cancer
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and accounts for nearly 3% of all malignancies. The incidence of TC in Spain was 5/100,000 in women and 1.9/100,000 in men in 2013. The diagnosis of TC usually follows the identification of a thyroid nodule on physical examination or as an incidental finding on diagnostic imaging performed for other reasons. In most of the cases, the prognosis is excellent but despite low mortality rates, local recurrence occurs in up to 20%, and distant metastases can occur in approximately 10% at 10 years. The better knowledge of molecular biology of TC has allowed to the development of new targeted agents directed to the main pathways involved in TC pathogenesis. Knowing all these new strategies will help us face the therapeutic management of TC more effectively.
Category: Generic
Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence have accelerated scientific discovery, augmented clinical practice, and deepened fundamental understanding of many biological phenomena. ML technologies have now been applied to diverse areas of tissue engineering research, including biomaterial design, scaffold fabrication, and cell/tissue modeling. Emerging ML-empowered strategies include machine-optimized polymer synthesis, predictive modeling of scaffold fabrication processes, complex analyses of structure-function relationships, and deep learning of spatialized cell phenotypes and tissue composition. The emergence of ML in tissue engineering, while relatively recent, has already enabled increasingly complex and multivariate analyses of the relationships between biological, chemical, and physical factors in driving tissue regenerative outcomes. This review highlights the novel methodologies, emerging strategies, and areas of potential growth within this rapidly evolving area of research. Impact statement Machine learning (ML) has accelerated scientific discovery and augmented clinical practice across multiple fields. Now, ML has driven exciting new paradigms in tissue engineering research, including machine-optimized biomaterial design, predictive modeling of scaffold fabrication, and spatiotemporal analysis of cell and tissue systems. The emergence of ML in tissue engineering, while relatively recent, has already enabled increasingly complex analyses of the relationships between biological, chemical, and physical factors in driving tissue regenerative outcomes. This review highlights the novel methodologies, emerging strategies, and areas of potential growth within this rapidly evolving area of research.
Category: Colon_Cancer
Cancer prevalence-the proportion of people in a population with a diagnosis of cancer-includes groups with widely differing cancer care needs. We estimated the proportions of the prevalent colon cancer cases requiring initial care, terminal care and follow-up.
Category: Thyroid_Cancer
Differentiated thyroid cancer is characteristically associated with an innocuous clinical course, but a minority of cases may manifest surprisingly aggressive behaviour. Such aggressive DTC are directly responsible for the majority of thyroid cancer related deaths. Moreover, they contribute indirectly to increased DTC-related morbidity, because our inability to differentiate these tumours from innocuous DTC at an early stage fuels a significant degree of DTC overtreatment around the globe. In the present paper we describe how improved understanding of the clinicopathological thyroid tumour progression model and optimization of clinical staging systems continues to improve our ability to diagnose and treat aggressive DTC. Early recognition of aggressive DTC allows instillation of an aggressive management strategy which is based upon surgical-oncologic completeness, and minimization of treatment-related sequelae through continued development of reconstructive options and focussed delivery of adjuvant treatments.
Category: Colon_Cancer
Dietary fat in general, and perhaps animal and polyunsaturated fats in particular, appear to increase colon carcinogenesis in animal models and epidemiologic studies. This observation holds the potential to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis and reduce morbidity and mortality from the disease by dietary and chemoprevention. While research continues into the relationship between prostglandins and other putative mediators of the effects of fats on the colon, we can suggest that a diet which protects against colorectal cancer would be low in fat with most of that fat coming from vegetable sources. Prospective dietary trials are ongoing which may strengthen or modify these preliminary recommendations.
Category: Generic
Network-connected medical devices have rapidly proliferated in the wake of recent global catalysts, leaving clinical laboratories and healthcare organizations vulnerable to malicious actors seeking to ransom sensitive healthcare information. As organizations become increasingly dependent on integrated systems and data-driven patient care operations, a sudden cyberattack and the associated downtime can have a devastating impact on patient care and the institution as a whole. Cybersecurity, information security, and information assurance principles are, therefore, vital for clinical laboratories to fully prepare for what has now become inevitable, future cyberattacks.
Category: Thyroid_Cancer
Metastatic dissemination of differentiated cancer was studied in a personal group with the following results. Invasion of cancer to adjacent structures can be encountered even in children with typical increase with age. The lymphatic spread to regional lymph nodes is typical of papillary cancers and in young patients. The same type of spread without the age-dependent decrease can also be proved, with lower incidence, in follicular cancers. Pulmonary metastases are frequently the only type of distant metastases and may originate from previous spread to lymph nodes. The isolated bone metastases a;e probably brought about through the vertebral venous system. Patients having multiple bone metastases or both bone and lung lesions are probably the only typical examples of metastasizing through the systemic blood flow. As the above types of distant metastases carry different prognosis they should also be recognized by the TNM system.
Category: Generic
Laser scanning microscopy has inherent tradeoffs between imaging speed, field of view (FOV), and spatial resolution due to the limitations of sophisticated mechanical and optical setups, and deep learning networks have emerged to overcome these limitations without changing the system. Here, we demonstrate deep learning autofluorescence-harmonic microscopy (DLAM) based on self-alignment attention-guided residual-in-residual dense generative adversarial networks to close the gap between speed, FOV, and quality. Using the framework, we demonstrate label-free large-field multimodal imaging of clinicopathological tissues with enhanced spatial resolution and running time advantages. Statistical quality assessments show that the attention-guided residual dense connections minimize the persistent noise, distortions, and scanning fringes that degrade the autofluorescence-harmonic images and avoid reconstruction artifacts in the output images. With the advantages of high contrast, high fidelity, and high speed in image reconstruction, DLAM can act as a powerful tool for the noninvasive evaluation of diseases, neural activity, and embryogenesis.
Category: Lung_Cancer
The five year survival rate of lung cancer patients is only 10% in Japan. The staging system of c-TNM is more important than p-TNM when deciding treatment modality for lung cancer. Compared to other solid cancers, neoadjuvant therapy in lung cancer treatment has a more important position. A clinical protocol study should be carried out with the idea of "intent to treat" and medical oncology will play a more important role in the treatment of lung cancer.
Category: Lung_Cancer
The clinical, histological, and biological features of 157 lung cancers in coal miners and ex-miners are presented. In most respects age, bronchoscopic appearances, histological type, and symptoms the two groups are similar. A high incidence of dyspnoea in the miners was attributed to the concurrence of chronic bronchopulmonary disease. A striking feature was the lower frequency with which lung cancer in miners was found to be operable. It was suggested that the lower frequency of lung cancer in miners is related to an enhancement of the state of immunological preparedness in the lung related to the immune component in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis. The differences in lung cancer between miners and non-miners may be partially explained in this way.
Category: Generic
As radiology is inherently a data-driven specialty, it is especially conducive to utilizing data processing techniques. One such technique, deep learning (DL), has become a remarkably powerful tool for image processing in recent years. In this work, the Association of University Radiologists Radiology Research Alliance Task Force on Deep Learning provides an overview of DL for the radiologist. This article aims to present an overview of DL in a manner that is understandable to radiologists; to examine past, present, and future applications; as well as to evaluate how radiologists may benefit from this remarkable new tool. We describe several areas within radiology in which DL techniques are having the most significant impact: lesion or disease detection, classification, quantification, and segmentation. The legal and ethical hurdles to implementation are also discussed. By taking advantage of this powerful tool, radiologists can become increasingly more accurate in their interpretations with fewer errors and spend more time to focus on patient care.
Category: Colon_Cancer
Although surgical resection is still the only curative maneuver in the treatment of colon cancer, efforts of the past decades have proved that systemic chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting definitely improves the curative rate for those patients with localized colon cancer. The combination of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) remains the reference treatment. However, the advantage of infusional 5-FU/LV with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) as adjuvant treatment may change the paradigm soon. Capecitabine may be considered as an alternative to 5-FU/LV in the adjuvant therapy of stage III colon cancer. The clinical benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized node negative (stage II) disease is definite but small, even though there is yet no universal consensus. Novel molecular and biologic-oriented agents are being studied. Further analysis and definition of prognostic and predictive markers may allow future adjuvant therapy to be individualized.
Category: Colon_Cancer
531 patients with non-complicated and non-metastatic colon cancer were operated on during 1995-2008 years. Surgery was radical in all cases. Various types of surgical treatment of the colon cancer, postoperative complications and lethality were analyzed. Open methods reported a 1,6% complications rate and lethality rate was 0,4%. Whereas, laparoscopically operated patients showed the complication rate of 3,6% and lethality was 1,2%. Overall 5-year survival was 91,7% for T1-3N0M0; 75,6% for T4N0M0 and 55,3% for T1-4N1-2M0 stages.
Category: Colon_Cancer
Patients are not at risk of dying from a tumor that has been removed; they are at risk of dying from residual microscopic disease not removed at the time of operation. Thus, the goal of an adjuvant treatment, be it chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or dietary and lifestyle manipulations, is to eradicate any residual, albeit microscopic, metastatic disease that might remain. Stage I disease carries an excellent prognosis, and at present there are no compelling data to support adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with this early stage. Stage II colon cancer also has a good prognosis after operation alone and represents the most complicated and contentious area in decisions regarding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Stage III colorectal cancer (TanyN M ) represents a group at a higher risk of recurrence, and this population is routinely given adjuvant chemotherapy in the absence of a medical or psychiatric contraindication.
Category: Lung_Cancer
Giving a final diagnosis of lung cancer, is only possible due to the detail microscopy analysis of large samples, where "small biopsies" or cytological samples can be used as working diagnosis. Modern tumor diagnostics strictly includes TEM and immunohistochemistry. Also, in contemporary literature there are a lot of classifications in order to determinate nature of tumor and enlighten its causes, to describe it's biological behaviour and to predeterminate value and type of medical intervention. There is classification on bronchi cancer and lung adenomatosis bronchi-alveolar cancer). Another classification is based on microscopic view, so there are have hilus (central), lungs and periphery type. Microscopic classification has bigger significance and is based on type of tumor cell. Nature of malign lung tumor can be defined in greater details by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic research.
Category: Generic
The popularity of the Metaverse has rapidly increased in recent years. However, despite the attention, investment, and promise of the Metaverse, there are various cybersecurity issues that must be addressed before the Metaverse can truly be adopted in practice for serious applications. The realization of the Metaverse is envisioned by many as requiring the use of visualization technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). This visual aspect of the Metaverse will undoubtedly give rise to emerging cybersecurity threats that have not received much attention. As such, the purpose of this survey is to investigate cybersecurity threats faced by the Metaverse in relation to visualization technologies. Furthermore, this paper discusses existing work and open research directions on the development of countermeasures against such threats. As the Metaverse is a multidisciplinary topic, the intention of this work is to provide a background of the field to aid researchers in related areas.
Category: Lung_Cancer
(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) plays a key role in the evaluation of undiagnosed lung nodules, when primary lung cancer is strongly suspected, or when it has already been diagnosed by other techniques. Although technical factors may compromise characterization of small or highly mobile lesions, lesions without apparent FDG uptake can generally be safely observed, whereas FDG-avid lung nodules almost always need further evaluation. FDG-PET/CT is now the primary staging imaging modality for patients with lung cancer who are being considered for curative therapy with either surgery or definitive radiation therapy.
Category: Generic
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in various industries, and its potential in dentistry is gaining significant attention. This abstract explores the future prospects of AI in dentistry, highlighting its potential to revolutionize clinical practice, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the overall efficiency of dental care. The application of AI in dentistry encompasses several key areas, including diagnosis, treatment planning, image analysis, patient management, and personalized care. AI algorithms have shown promising results in the automated detection and diagnosis of dental conditions, such as caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancers, aiding clinicians in early intervention and improving treatment outcomes. Furthermore, AI-powered treatment planning systems leverage machine learning techniques to analyze vast amounts of patient data, considering factors like medical history, anatomical variations, and treatment success rates. These systems provide dentists with valuable insights and support in making evidence-based treatment decisions, ultimately leading to more predictable and tailored treatment approaches. While the potential of AI in dentistry is immense, it is essential to address certain challenges, including data privacy, algorithm bias, and regulatory considerations. Collaborative efforts between dental professionals, AI experts, and policymakers are crucial to developing robust frameworks that ensure the responsible and ethical implementation of AI in dentistry. Moreover, AI-driven robotics has introduced innovative approaches to dental surgery, enabling precise and minimally invasive procedures, and ultimately reducing patient discomfort and recovery time. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications further enhance dental education and training, allowing dental professionals to refine their skills in a realistic and immersive environment. AI holds tremendous promise in shaping the future of dentistry. Through its ability to analyze vast amounts of data, provide accurate diagnoses, facilitate treatment planning, improve image analysis, streamline patient management, and enable personalized care, AI has the potential to enhance dental practice and significantly improve patient outcomes. Embracing this technology and its future development will undoubtedly revolutionize the field of dentistry, fostering a more efficient, precise, and patient-centric approach to oral healthcare. Overall, AI represents a powerful tool that has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of society, from improving healthcare outcomes to optimizing business operations. Continued research, development, and responsible implementation of AI technologies will shape our future, unlocking new possibilities and transforming the way we live and work.
Category: Generic
Cybersecurity threats are estimated to cost the world US $6 trillion a year by 2021, and the number of attacks has increased five-fold after COVID-19. Although there is substantial literature on the threats technological vulnerabilities have on the health care industry, less research exists on how pandemics like COVID-19 are opportunistic for cybercriminals. This paper outlines why cyberattacks have been particularly problematic during COVID-19 and ways that health care industries can better protect patient data. The Office for Civil Rights has loosened enforcement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which, although useful in using new platforms like Zoom, has also loosened physical and technical safeguards to cyberattacks. This is especially problematic given that 90% of health care providers had already encountered data breaches. Companies must implement well-defined software upgrade procedures, should use secure networks like virtual local area networks, and conduct regular penetration tests of their systems. By understanding factors that make individuals, health care organizations, and employers more susceptible to cyberattacks, we can better prepare for the next pandemic.
Category: Colon_Cancer
At present, the laparoscopic approach for colon cancer must be regarded as a developmental procedure. Although laparoscopic colectomy has repeatedly been demonstrated to be feasible, safe, and reasonable, analysis of cancer control, health care costs, and quality of life are needed. Questions remain, particularly with respect to recurrence and survival outcomes. All current clinical trials should be viewed as early and inconclusive, despite optimism expressed by some and pessimism by others. Therefore, patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy for carcinoma should be enrolled in prospective randomized trials. This is the only manner of conclusively resolving current controversies. The authors have enthusiasm for the future of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer even though it is necessary to wait for results from the controlled trials.
Category: Colon_Cancer
During the last 2 decades, substantial progress has been made in understanding the relationship between dietary constituents and the development of colon cancer in man. Unlike studies of cancer among smokers and nonsmokers, nutritional epidemiologic studies are confronted with the inherent difficulty of assessing reasonably precise exposures. The lack of consistency between international correlation studies and case-control studies does not necessarily negate a dietary etiology of colon cancer because these inconsistencies may have arisen, at least in part, from methodological limitations. Some of these deficiencies in epidemiological studies of diet and cancer have been corrected; recent case-control studies demonstrated that high dietary fat is a risk factor for colon cancer development and that an overall increase in intake of foods high in fiber might decrease the risk for colon cancer. The results of epidemiologic studies may be assumed to present conservative estimates of the true risk for cancer associated with diet. The populations with high incidences of colon cancer are characterized by high consumption of dietary fat, which may be a risk factor in the absence of factors that are protective, such as whole-grain cereals and of other high fiber. Laboratory-animal model studies have shown that certain dietary lipids and fibers influence tumorigenesis in the colon. The data of metabolic epidemiological and laboratory-animal model studies are sufficiently convincing with respect to the enhancement of colon cancer by type of fat and protection by certain dietary fibers.
Category: Colon_Cancer
A rare case of asymptomatic cancer of the ascending colon presenting as a subcutaneous groin mass is reported. At the time of right hemicolectomy with resection of the groin mass there was no sign of incontinuity spread or lymph blockage. Sequential determination of carcinoembryonic antigen levels (CEA) in serum reflected the reduction in tumor mass after surgery as well as subsequent recurrences of disease in the groin and in the lung after 2 years. Immunoperoxidase staining of the primary tumor and the metastases showed strong positivity for CEA confirming the origin of the serum CEA. There have been no signs of liver involvement. The route of spread of this unusual metastasis is not known.