Royal Astronomical Societyn kultamitali

Royal Astronomical Societyn kultamitali () on korkein brittiläisen Royal Astronomical Societyn myöntämä palkinto. Awards, Medals and Prizes, Gold Medal (A), RSA viitattu 15.3.2018 Sitä on jaettu vuodesta 1824, ja sen saajat ovat usein olleet tunnettuja ja merkittäviä tieteilijöitä, kuten Albert Einstein ja Stephen Hawking. Vuodesta 1964 lähtien on vuosittain jaettu kaksi palkintoa: toinen fysiikasta ja toinen geofysiikasta. Palkintoa ei ole jaettu vuosina 1825, 1832, 1834, 1838, 1844, 1847, 1848, 1864, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1880, 1890, 1891, 1920, 1941 ja 1942. == Palkitut == (LähdeGold Medal Winners (pdf)) * 1824 **Charles Babbage **Johann Franz Encke * 1826 **John Herschel **James South **Wilhelm Struve * 1827 **Francis Baily * 1828 **Thomas Makdougall Brisbane **James Dunlop **Caroline Herschel * 1829 William Pearson **Friedrich Bessel **Heinrich Christian Schumacher * 1830 **William Richardson **Johann Franz Encke * 1831 Henry Kater **Marie-Charles Damoiseau * 1833 George Biddell Airy * 1835 Manuel J. Johnson * 1836 John Herschel * 1837 Otto A. Rosenberger * 1839 John Wrottesley * 1840 Giovanni Plana * 1841 Friedrich Bessel * 1842 Peter Andreas Hansen * 1843 Francis Baily * 1845 William Henry Smyth * 1846 George Biddell Airy * 1849 William Lassell * 1850 Otto Wilhelm von Struve * 1851 Annibale de Gasparis * 1852 Christian August Friedrich Peters * 1853 John Russell Hind * 1854 Charles Rümker * 1855 William Rutter Dawes * 1856 Robert Grant * 1857 Heinrich Schwabe * 1858 Robert Main * 1859 Richard Christopher Carrington * 1860 Peter Andreas Hansen * 1861 Hermann Goldschmidt * 1862 Warren de la Rue * 1863 Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander * 1865 George Phillips Bond * 1866 John Couch Adams * 1867 **William Huggins **William Allen Miller * 1868 Urbain Le Verrier * 1869 Edward James Stone * 1870 Charles-Eugène Delaunay * 1872 Giovanni Schiaparelli * 1874 Simon Newcomb * 1875 Heinrich d'Arrest * 1876 Urbain Le Verrier * 1878 Ercole Dembowski * 1879 Asaph Hall * 1881 Axel Möller * 1882 David Gill * 1883 Benjamin A. Gould * 1884 Andrew Ainslie Common * 1885 William Huggins * 1886 **Edward Charles Pickering **Charles Pritchard * 1887 George William Hill * 1888 Arthur Auwers * 1889 Maurice Loewy * 1892 George Darwin * 1893 Hermann Carl Vogel * 1894 S. W. Burnham * 1895 Isaac Roberts * 1896 Seth Carlo Chandler * 1897 Edward Emerson Barnard * 1898 William Frederick Denning * 1899 Frank McClean * 1900 Henri Poincaré * 1901 Edward Charles Pickering * 1902 Jacobus Kapteyn * 1903 Hermann Struve * 1904 George Ellery Hale * 1905 Lewis Boss * 1906 William Wallace Campbell * 1907 Ernest William Brown * 1908 David Gill * 1909 Oskar Backlund * 1910 Friedrich Küstner * 1911 Philip Herbert Cowell * 1912 Arthur Robert Hinks * 1913 Henri-Alexandre Deslandres * 1914 Max Wolf * 1915 Alfred Fowler * 1916 Johan L. E. Dreyer * 1917 Walter Sydney Adams * 1918 John Evershed * 1919 Guillaume Bigourdan * 1921 Henry Norris Russell * 1922 James Hopwood Jeans * 1923 Albert A. Michelson * 1924 Arthur Eddington * 1925 Frank Watson Dyson * 1926 Albert Einstein * 1927 Frank Schlesinger * 1928 Ralph Allen Sampson * 1929 Ejnar Hertzsprung * 1930 John Stanley Plaskett * 1931 Willem de Sitter * 1932 Robert Grant Aitken * 1933 Vesto Slipher * 1934 Harlow Shapley * 1935 Edward Arthur Milne * 1936 Hisashi Kimura * 1937 Harold Jeffreys * 1938 William Hammond Wright * 1939 Bernard Lyot * 1940 Edwin Hubble * 1943 Harold Spencer Jones * 1944 Otto Struve * 1945 Bengt Edlén * 1946 Jan Oort * 1947 Marcel Minnaert * 1948 Bertil Lindblad * 1949 Sydney Chapman * 1950 Joel Stebbins * 1951 Anton Pannekoek * 1952 John Jackson * 1953 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar * 1954 Walter Baade * 1955 Dirk Brouwer * 1956 Thomas George Cowling * 1957 Albrecht Unsöld * 1958 André Danjon * 1959 Raymond Arthur Lyttleton * 1960 Viktor Ambarzumjan * 1961 Herman Zanstra * 1962 Bengt Strömgren * 1963 H. H. Plaskett * 1964 **Martin Ryle **Maurice Ewing * 1965 **Edward Bullard **Gerald Maurice Clemence * 1966 **Ira S. Bowen **Harold C. Urey * 1967 **Hannes Alfvén **Allan Sandage * 1968 **Walter Munk **Fred Hoyle * 1969 **A. T. Price **Martin Schwarzschild * 1970 **Horace W. Babcock * 1971 **Frank Press **Richard van der Riet Woolley * 1972 **H. I. S. Thirlaway **Fritz Zwicky * 1973 **Francis Birch **Edwin Salpeter * 1974 **Ludwig Biermann **K. E. Bullen * 1975 **Jesse Greenstein **Ernst Öpik * 1976 **William H. McCrea **J. A. Ratcliffe * 1977 **D. R. Bates **John G. Bolton * 1978 **Lyman Spitzer **James Van Allen * 1979 **L. Knopoff **C. G. Wynne * 1980 **C. L. Pekeris **Maarten Schmidt * 1981 **J. F. Gilbert **Bernard Lovell * 1982 **Riccardo Giacconi **Harrie Massey * 1983 **M. J. Seaton **Fred Whipple * 1984 **S. K. Runcorn **Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich * 1985 **Thomas Gold **Stephen Hawking * 1986 **G. E. Backus **A. Dalgarno * 1987 **Takesi Nagata **Martin Rees * 1988 **Don L. Anderson **Cornelis de Jager * 1989 **R. Hide **K. A. Pounds * 1990 **J. W. Dungey **B. E. J. Pagel * 1991 **Vitali Ginzburg **G. J. Wasserburg * 1992 **Dan P. McKenzie **Eugene N. Parker * 1993 **Peter Goldreich **Donald Lynden-Bell * 1994 **James E. Gunn **Thomas R. Kaiser * 1995 **John T. Houghton **Rashid Sunyaev * 1996 **Kenneth Creer **Vera Rubin * 1997 **D. Farley **Donald Osterbrock * 1998 **R. L. Parker **James Peebles * 1999 **Kenneth Budden **Bohdan Paczyński * 2000 **Leon Lucy **Robert Hutchinson * 2001 **Hermann Bondi **Henry Rishbeth * 2002 **Leon Mestel **J. A. Jacobs * 2003 **John Bahcall **D. Gubbins * 2004 **Jeremiah P. Ostriker **Grenville Turner * 2005 **Margaret Burbidge **Geoffrey Burbidge **Carole Jordan * 2006 **Simon White **S. W. H. Cowley * 2007 **J. L. Culhane **Nigel O. Weiss * 2008 **Joseph Silk **Brian Kennett * 2009 **David A. Williams **Eric Priest * 2010 **Douglas Gough **John Woodhouse * 2011 **Richard Ellis **Eberhard Gruen * 2012 **Andy Fabian **John Brown * 2013 **Roger Blandford **Chris Chapman * 2014 **Carlos Frenk **John Zarnecki * 2015 **Michel Mayor **Michael Lockwood * 2016 **John D. Barrow **Philip England * 2017 **Nick Kaiser **Michele Dougherty * 2018 **James Hough **Robert White * 2019 **Robert Kennicutt **Margaret Kivelson * 2020 **Sandra Moore Faber **Yvonne Elsworth == Lähteet == Luokka:Tieteen ja tekniikan palkinnot