Synthesis and degradation of FtsZ quantitatively predicts the first cell division in starved bacteria (2018)
Figure 8

Figure 8. ClpX facilitates FtsZ depletion during carbon starvation.

Cells expressing a nearly functional FtsZ-mVenus fluorescent fusion as their sole copy of ftsZ were monitored after transition into carbon starvation. Two low motile MG1655 strains, one (wild-type) containing clpX and one without (ΔclpX), were grown in M9 glucose to steady-state. At time zero, M9 media without glucose was flushed through device. Cells rapidly ceased elongation as measured by phase contrast imaging at 2 minute intervals. Fluorescent images were taken every hour throughout to measure both total Ftsz-mVenus per cell and localization patterns. A time-lapsed video of an experiment is available in Movie EV2.

Thin individual lines show the total fluorescent per cell in a single lineage (wild-type in solid blue, n = 154. ΔclpX in dotted red, n = 144). Thick solid lines are the time average across individual lineages for each subset (wild-type in blue, ΔclpX in red). After starvation, cells containing clpX degrade FtsZ faster than cells which do not. Fluorescent signals are normalized to the average value for their respective subset at time 0.

Distributions of cellular fluorescence for each subset at times corresponding to the top panel. Cellular fluorescence varies widely as total FtsZ per cell is a function of cell size; a typical size distribution is shown at left. FtsZ concentration is roughly constant at steady-state (Appendix Figure S6). Student's t-test P value shown for when distributions differ with significance level α = 0.01.

Representative images from cells in a single lineage with and without clpX. Wild-type strains may contain the characteristic FtsZ ring at midcell after shift down but it dissipates after several hours. ΔclpX strains display an abnormal FtsZ localization pattern even in steady-state. After shift down, the FtsZ may disassemble and reform along the cell body in distinct puncta. Image timing corresponds to the abscissa in the top panel.

Thin individual lines show the total fluorescent per cell in a single lineage (wild-type in solid blue, n = 154. ΔclpX in dotted red, n = 144). Thick solid lines are the time average across individual lineages for each subset (wild-type in blue, ΔclpX in red). After starvation, cells containing clpX degrade FtsZ faster than cells which do not. Fluorescent signals are normalized to the average value for their respective subset at time 0.

Distributions of cellular fluorescence for each subset at times corresponding to the top panel. Cellular fluorescence varies widely as total FtsZ per cell is a function of cell size; a typical size distribution is shown at left. FtsZ concentration is roughly constant at steady-state (Appendix Figure S6). Student's t-test P value shown for when distributions differ with significance level α = 0.01.

Representative images from cells in a single lineage with and without clpX. Wild-type strains may contain the characteristic FtsZ ring at midcell after shift down but it dissipates after several hours. ΔclpX strains display an abnormal FtsZ localization pattern even in steady-state. After shift down, the FtsZ may disassemble and reform along the cell body in distinct puncta. Image timing corresponds to the abscissa in the top panel.