(D) Control or ATG7‐KD cells transfected with UBQLN1 were starved for 3 or 6 h and assessed for their viability. The graph represents the mean of three experiments±s.e. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase; KD, knockdown; Pl, propidium iodide; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; siRNA, short interfering RNA; UBQLN, ubiquilin. 