(a) History-dependence due to slow relaxation to equilibrium can be augmented by negative inter-species interactions. Model analyses of six pairwise communities that experimentally displayed history-dependent behaviors and are coupled by mutual inhibitory interactions in the gLV model trained on T3. Network topology (left) and heat-map of history-dependent responses (right) across a range of inter-species interaction coefficient values. The line width and node size of the network diagram represents the magnitude of the inter-species interaction coefficients and steady-state monospecies abundance, respectively. The heat-map shows the absolute value of the difference in species absolute abundance at 72 hr for communities simulated using two initial conditions: x1 = 0.0158, x2 = 0.0008 or x1 = 0.0008, x2 = 0.0158 using the serial transfer experimental design. The black box denotes the boundaries of the set of α12 and α21 values yielding bistability in the model. The circle (red) indicates the inferred parameters based on training set T3. 