(C) PKA inhibition restores autophagic flux, but not ATG8 induction in the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Wild‐type, rho0, pka, and pka rho0 cells expressing prATG8‐GFP‐ATG8 were treated as described in (A). Samples were analysed as described in Figure 1A. The means and s.d. of four (n=4) independent experiments are indicated in (A-C). 