A. Outline of latency establishment in the primary CD4+ T cells. Human primary CD4+ T cells were activated and expanded with α-CD3/CD28 beads at day 1. The α-CD3/CD28 beads were removed at day 3. Cells were then infected with HIV-1 NL4.3-nanoluc at 3rd day after expansion and maintained over 7 days with a decreasing concentration of IL-2 to establish latency until day 12. At day 12, cells were infected with CRISPR/Cas9 and PEBP1-sgRNA lentivirus. 