(e) HeLa cells stably interfered for AMBRA1 were transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding β-galactosidase (negative control) AMBRA1WT or AMBRA1AA respectively; protein extracts were analysed by western blotting using anti-ULK1, anti-AMBRA1 anti-ATG13, anti-pATG13 and anti-actin antibodies. 