Southern blot analyses of mtDNA levels in control and Tefm knockout hearts at the age of 4 and 8 weeks (Upper 2 blots; n= 6 mice at each time-point for each group). 18S rDNA was used as loading control. DNA isolated from Lrpprc and Mterf4 knockout hearts used as controls. Western blot analyses of VDAC and Histone H3 protein levels in control and Tefm knockout hearts at the age of 4 and 8 weeks (Bottom 2 blots; ; n= 6 mice at each time-point for each group). VDAC represents mitochondria loading and Histone H3 was used as a loading control for nucleus DNA. 