(a) HeLa cells were transfected with FLAG-TRAF6 or grown in starvation medium for 1 h. Some of them were treated with chloroquine. LC3, p62 and actin were analysed by western blotting. Quantification of LC3II and p62 bands is shown on the right. n = 3 extracts prepared from independent experiments. Data are presented as means±s.d. and significance is P = 0.017 for LC3 and P = 0.01 and P = 0.04 for p62. 