(a-d) Analysis of HeLa cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein-LC3, infected with S. Typhimurium. (a) Confocal micrographs of cells stained 1 h after infection with NDP52 antiserum. Scale bar, 10 μm; arrowheads, bacteria shown in insets. (b) Colocalization of NDP52 with LC3-positive bacteria. (c,d) Counts of LC3-positive S. Typhimurium 1 h after infection in cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs. In c, cells were stained for ubiquitin (Ub); in d, red fluorescence protein (RFP)-expressing S. Typhimurium were used. Means of duplicate counts from four independent experiments; *P 0.05, Student's t-test. 