A The malate-aspartate shuttle, such as LDH, also plays a key role in regulating cytosolic NADH levels in Panc‐1 cells. Cells were treated with AOA (1.6 mM, 20 min), oxamate (5 mM, 20 min), and EGCG (0.5 mM, 20 min). The cytosolic NADH level was measured as described in . 