E. BMDM cells, as described in panels (A and C), were seeded in Transwell (Sigma) chemotaxis assays using CCL5 as a chemoattractant in bottom chambers. After two hours, the cells failing to migrate through the matrices were removed with a cotton swab. Migrated cells were counted with DAPI images, with representative images shown at low magnification. Representative images from n=3 biologically independent experiments are shown. F. Relative chemotaxis activity was calculated as fold of naïve cells that migrated without any added CCL5. Each dot represents the mean of images collected from one experiment. Data are group means ± SEM, with significance assessed by multiple t test., with* representing P<0.05. 