(f) Schematic model for the NRBF2 function in autophagy. Top: in WT cells, NRBF2 functions to stabilize Beclin 1-Atg14L, Vps34 and Vps15 proteins in the specific autophagy PI3K-III kinase complex. In NRBF2 KO cells, ~25% Atg14L remains in the complex with Vps34-Vps15; middle and bottom: upon autophagy induction, NRBF2-Atg14L interaction mediates the binding with other components in the cytosol and consequent assembly of a highly active PI3K-III kinase complex at the phagophore, resulting in enhanced autophagy capacity. 