(e,f) HeLa cells were cultured in complete or starvation medium for 30 min or in the presence of 100 nM of rapamycin for 3 h and then protein extracts were immunoprecipitated using anti-ULK1 antibody or with IgG as a negative control. Purified complexes and total extracts were analysed by western blotting as in a. Quantifications are shown on the right. In both panels, n = 3 extracts prepared from independent experiments. Data are presented as means±s.d. and significance is P = 0.003 and P = 0.0015, respectively. 