E ChIP analysis using IgG-Sepharose or anti-Flag-agarose beads in strains expressing TAP-tagged Paf1, Ubc9, or Ulp1 or Flag-tagged Ulp2. An untagged strain (MHY500) was used as a negative control for immunoprecipitation of Ulp2-Flag The qPCR signals of the indicated genes were quantitated and normalized to an internal background control and the input DNA. The primer pairs used are indicated in (D). Quantification presented as fold over background; a value of 1 indicates no signal detected above background signal at a nontranscribed locus, as marked with the horizontal line. Error bars indicate SDs calculated from three independent chromatin preparations. Data information: Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences of Paf1-TAP and Ubc9-TAP with Ulp1-TAP and Ulp2-Flag with No tag in (E) using a two-tailed Student's t test (*, P <0.05; **, P <0.01). 