(A) Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qRT-PCR) analysis of the differential abundance of selected bacterial taxa in stool samples of ileum and colon of Villin-Cre and COPS8-lox alleles expressing (COPS8fl/fl ) and COPS8 knockout (KO) (COPS8ΔIEC) mice. Error bars indicate the mean ± SD from three biological replicates per genotype. **P<0.01, NS- nonsignificant using Student's t-test. ( 