(B) Autophagy‐negative phenotype of the apg16Δ strain. The autophagic ability of wild‐type (TN125), apg12Δ (YNM107) and apg16Δ cells (YNM114) was measured by the alkaline phosphatase assay before (black bars) and after (white bars) nitrogen starvation for 4 h. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three independent experiments. 