(A) Suppression of insulin secretion in Atg5 knockout (KO) MIN6 cells after glucose deprivation. Atg5 KO MIN6 cells were incubated with normal culture medium (NT) or glucose-depleted medium for 1 hr. The amount of secreted insulin is expressed as the percentage of that of the untreated control (NT) (mean ± s.e.m, n = 3). *p < 0.01 vs the value of NT. 