(B) ACE2, Syndecan 1 and Syndecan 4 cell surface expression on nasal epithelial cells, compared to polarized epithelial Calu-3 was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. (C, D) Nasal epithelial cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 isolate (hCoV-19/Italy, 100 TCID/mL) either directly or after pre-treatment with antibodies against ACE2 cell surface receptors (1 hour at 37°C ) or after pre-treatment with LMWH enoxaparin (250 IU/mL) for 30 min at 37°C. Detection of viral binding after 4 hours at 4°C (C) and persistently-infected cells lysed after 24 hours at 37°C (D) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Data information: Data show the mean values and error bars are the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using (C, D) ordinary on-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple-comparison test. *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001, ****P≤0.0001 (C) (n=3), (D) (n=3 in duplicates). 