EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
F The disassociation of PBL27-MAPKKK5 interaction after chitin treatment in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Protoplasts were co-transfected with MAPKKK5K375M-GFP and PBL27-HA, stimulated with or without 10μM chitin or 1 μM flg22 for 10 min and subjected to the co-immunoprecipitation assay. Experiments (A) - (F) were performed three times with similar results.
Western blotting of fractionated OSC materials. Anti-Egg, anti-β-Tubulin (Tub), and anti-histone H3 antibodies were used. H3 and Tub were detected as markers for nuclear (Nuc) and cytoplasmic (Cyto) fractions, respectively. Whole: the whole OSC lysates.
B) Localization of the GFP-tagged PE synthesizing enzyme (Psd) targeted to the indicated organelles in choppΔ cells, grown in SD medium supplemented with 10 mM choline. Images shown are either a single Z-slice (ER construct) or a maximum intensity projection of several Z-sections (other constructs); LD, lipid droplets; MM, mitochondrial matrix. A scheme depicting each chimeric Psd construct is shown under the corresponding microscopy image. C) Localization of the GFP-tagged PC synthesizing enzyme (Pmt) targeted to the indicated organelles in choppΔ cells, grown in SD medium supplemented with 10 mM ethanolamine. Images shown are either a single Z-slice (ER construct) or a maximum intensity projection of several Z-sections (other constructs). A schematic depicting each chimeric Pmt construct is shown under the corresponding microscopy image.
A. Representative immunofluorescent images of control and ERK71 mutant fat bodies with DAPI staining to visualize nucleus. Scale bar: 30 µm. B, C. ERK71 mutant fat bodies display increased nuclear area (B, N>160 cells, obtained from 5 independent fat bodies) and increased nucleolar/nuclear area ratio (C, N>80 cells for nucleolus/nucleus ratio, obtained from 5 independent fat bodies), when compared to control fat bodies.
C. GSEA plot showing an interesting gene set from MSigDB were enriched for genes expressed higher in hTrmt13 low group for SOTIRIOU_BREAST_CANCER_GRADE_1_VS_3_UP (upper) and enriched for genes expressed higher in hTrmt13 high group for TURASHVILI_BREAST_LOBULAR_CARCINOMA_VS_LOBULAR_NORMAL_UP (down).
IRE1α regulation by MITOL occurred in the MAM-rich mitochondrial fraction. Crude mitochondrial fraction containing MAM (Mito plus MAM) and the cytosolic fraction containing ER (Cyto plus ER) were isolated from HEK293 cells transfected with indicated vector and subsequently immunoprecipitation assay was performed to detect the level of IRE1α ubiquitylation (D).
Distribution of mitotic spindle orientation of dividing cells from shRNA-Scrb group and shRNA-Rgcc group. Each plot represents a dividing cell (shRNA-Scrb, n=29; shRNA-Rgcc, n=32). Statistic analysis of splitting plane angle after Rgcc KD. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Each plot represents a dividing cell (shRNA-Scrb, n=29; shRNA-Rgcc, n=39). Statistical significance was tested by Student's t-test t. **p<0.01.
Quantification of AP-positive clones in (C). data from three independent replicates were analyzed by Student's t-test and shown as mean ± SD. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001.
(G) Effect of siSMPD2 treatment on miR-122 content of EVs from Fed and Starved Huh7 cells. EVs from Fed and Starved Huh7 cells, depleted for SMPD2, were isolated and miR-122 content were measured by qRT-PCR and normalized against protein content of EVs. Fold change in EV associated miR-122 levels upon starvation both for control and siSMPD2 treated cells were shown above the respective bars.
Analysis of viability of HOP62 lung cancer cells assessed 144 h after transfection with independent non-targeting siRNA (two different duplexes used, siCTRL#1 or #2) or targeting VPS4A (duplexes #2 or #5), VPS4B (duplexes #1 or #2) or both VPS4 (various combinations of siVPS4A+siVPS4B duplexes). Data are means of 4 independent experiments ±SEM. All values were normalized, cell viability of averaged (avrg) siCTRL#1- and #2-transfected cells was set as 100%. Two-tailed unpaired t-test; ****p<0.0001.
Adult mouse back skin sections immunostained for LYVE1 (red), αSMA (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). n= 3 - 4 skin samples per mouse, n= 3 - 4 mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. LV, lymphatic vessels; apm, arrector pili muscle.
(G) Western blot showing pro-IL-1β and β-tubulin in BV-2 cells induced to express Siglec-F at 0 and 48 hours.
E. Representative immunofluorescent staining of H3K27me3 in SCNT embryos at the 1-cell stage. H3K27me3 enrichment in the SCNT embryos were observed with either 1 pseudo-pronucleus (1PPN), bipseudo-pronucleus (2PPN), or tripseudo-pronucleus (3PPN). BA, before activation; AA, after activation. Representative images from ≥ 55 embryos analyzed in three independent micromanipulations are shown. Scale bar, 20 μm
(B) Time lapse imaging of single- or cotreatment of 10 nM CIF2 with 25 µM cycloheximide (CHX) on CASP1-GFP in cif1 cif2. Seedlings were pretreated with or without CHX for 30 min and transferred onto each medium. Scale bar = 10 µm (See also movie EV1). (C) Quantification of (B). Relative numbers of holes in CASP1-GFP domain after single- or co-treatment with CIF2 or CHX from the pictures in (B). Bars are S.D. * indicates statistical significance from all other conditions (p<0.01) after one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. 6 roots in total for each condition were observed during two independent tests.
A. Teratomagrowth curves of trisomic and wild-type ES cells after subcutaneous injection into SCIDmice. 1×106 cells were injected per site (6 sites/per group). Error bars, ±S.D. * P < 0.05.
C Primary hippocampal neurons were stained for Neurofilament L and betaII spectrin. While the spectrin staining seems to be equally well in both fixation conditions, neurofilament staining is brighter in glyoxal fixed cells.
E. HDAC6-/- MEFs were transfected with the indicated expression plasmids. At 1 day post-transfection, whole cell lysates were prepared and used in dsRNA pull-down assays. Pull-down samples were analyzed by western blotting with anti-RIG-I and anti-β-actin antibodies.
I Protein N-Hcy levels in response to MARS knockdown (by shRNA) and over-expression were detected by western blot.
(F, G) Ratio of BVI and PM in lungs from shC (F) and shTNC (G) engrafted mice. N = 8 mice (shC, PBS), n = 4 BVI, n = 13 PM; N = 7 mice (shC, AMD), n = 15 BVI, n = 21 PM; N = 7 mice (shTNC, PBS), n = 8 BVI, n = 9 PM; N = 7 mice (shTNC, AMD). n = 5 BVI, n = 1 PM, *** p < 0,001, **** p < 0,0001. p = 0.0009 (shC/PBS versus shC/AMD) and p = 0.0001 (shTNC/PBS versus shTNC/AMD), Fisher's exact test.
(C) Viral load and viral titer in the lung homogenates of mice treated with wtSPINK6 and mutSPINK6. Data represent mean ± SD. **, P < 0.01; ***, P< 0.001. Student's t test.
Rolling frequency (mean ± SD) of freely swimming CATSPER2-/- sperm in 0 (n = 457), 0.2 (n = 389), and 1 % (w/v) (n = 187) methyl cellulose.
A-E IF analysis of WT and SirT7-/- primary fibroblasts after IR (1Gy) and 1 hour chase. Cells were pulsed with EdU 30 min prior to fixation, stained with antibodies against γH2AX and 53BP1 and then counterstained with DAPI (scale bar 5µm). (A) Representative images from each cell cycle stage showing merge (top-left) including EdU (green), 53BP1 (top-right, magenta), γH2AX (bottom-left, red), and 3D rendering of reconstructed Z-stacks with 53BP1 foci modeled as spheres (bottom-right; pale-blue: nucleus; magenta spheres: 53BP1 foci). (B) Quantitation of the number of 53BP1 foci per nucleus, and (C) mean volume of 53BP1 foci (n>30 cells per group/mice; 3 mice per genotype). (D-E) Same as in (B-C), upon overexpression of SIRT7 WT or catalytically inactive point mutant SIRT7-H188Y in WT and SirT7-/- primary fibroblasts.
B. Plasma insulin levels of control (n=8) and Rbpji∆EC (n=8) mice five weeks after recombination. Data represent mean ± SEM, unpaired t-test.
Knock out of cTAZ in RKO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Monoclones (#3 and #14) were selected.
(I) RT-PCR-based analysis of TJP1 exon 20 inclusion upon silencing of NTRAS in HUVECs (n = 7 independent biological replicates). Representative agarose gels on the right. Data information: , I, data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. n.s.: non-significant, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. I, two-tailed unpaired t-test.
Cell counting experiments analyzing the response to trastuzumab (50 nM, 5 days) of naïve BT474 as well as the resistant BTRH pool and the BTRH#10 clone.
F) Luciferase reporter gene assays in stimulated Jurkat T cells performed as in Fig 1H of the IL3 promoter alone or in combination with the Ccl1 -3.7 or -35 kb DHSs, with SD.
(G) LL37 and IRGM protein was assessed by western blot. One representative experiment out of three experiments is presented.
A-C. Carfilzomib shrinks tumor through modulating tumor microenvironment. EG7 cells were inoculated in wild-type or Rag1-/- mice to allow tumor xenograft to reach a volume of around 80 mm3. Mice were randomized for treatment (n = 6) by saline or Carfilzomib for two weeks. Tumor growth was monitored (A) and the xenografts were dissected to photograph (B) or weigh (C) after treatment. Data are shown as mean ±SD and n indicates the number of biological replicates. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 (student's t-test).
retention were determined towards coatings with collagen I (COL), fibronectin (FN) or TNC in the presence of CM from shC cells (CM:shC) and, upon AMD3100 (AMD, 5 µg/mL) 3 independent experiments in duplicates, Mann-Whitney test, ns > 0.05; * p <0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005. Mean ± SEM.
(b) Confocal microscopy shows the effect of Nox2 inhibition on p62-LC3 localization in single FDB fibres. Representative images of independent biological experiments (n=3) are shown (scale bar=100 and 35 μm for white box areas).
(A) Base-pairing of CoV2-miR-O7a.2 to complementary 3´UTR site or site with mutations in seed region cloned in 3'UTR of firefly luciferase mRNA in pmirGLO Dual-Luciferase miRNA Target Expression Vector. The seed region required for binding of miRNAs with its target is underlined.
(H, I) Quantification of F4/80+ macrophage density (H), of F4/80+ CD206+ cells infiltration in the lung metastasis and representative images (I), in vehicle and glufosinate-treated mice (n=6). Six images per lung were analysed. Scale bar: 20µm.
A. Schematic representation of the mechanism of action of dBRD9-A. dBRD9-A simultaneously recruits the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cereblon (CRBN) to the bromodomain (BD) of BRD9, thereby facilitating the ubiquitination and degradation of BRD9.
After treatment and tumor resection overall survival studies were performed until the natural death of the post-surgical mice (n=11) (M).
(e,f) Treatment with 6-OHDA and CCCP increased surface exposure of CL probed with annexin V in SH-SY5Y (e, 120 μM) and parkin-expressing HeLa cells (f, 20 μM), respectively. Mean ± s.d. of n = 3 independent experiments for c-f (see Supplementary Table S4 for statistics source data); *P0.05 versus vehicle control.
E) MDA5-knockout HEK293 cells, were transfected with an ADAR1-targeting siRNA (siADAR1) or a control siRNA (siCtrl) and 8h later with an empty vector (EV) or a vector encoding the indicated WT, truncation, or point mutant(s) of MDA5. Cells were harvested 72h post-siRNA transfection and the type I IFN response was monitored by RT-qPCR analysis of IFIT1 and ISG15 transcript expression, normalized to ACTB. Data are means ± s.d. from a representative of two biological replicate experiments.
B Schematic illustration of the predicted binding between miR-200a and the TET3 3' UTR.
(H) I90 cells of old (upper panel) and young (lower panel) age were transfected with atg7 or nonsense (nons) siRNA. After transfection for 4 days , the cells were treated with NH4Cl/Leu or DMSO for 1 h followed by fractioning of cell lysates in TritonX‐100 (TX‐100) soluble and insoluble material. Equal protein amounts of both fractions were directed to immunoblot analysis for analysis of indicated proteins. Gapdh and Histone H3 were used as loading controls of soluble and insoluble fractions, respectively.
Domain structure of ATG2A (green) and ATG2B (grey) proteins. Both ATG2s contain an N-terminal VPS13/Chorein domain, ATG2 C-terminal autophagy domain (CAD motif) and ATG2 c-terminal domain. Position and sequence of the new ATG2 LIR motif that directs GABARAP interaction (orange) and the previously identified WIPI4 interaction motif (YFS; purple box). Approximately 30 amino acids separate these two motifs in human ATG2A and ATG2B. Multiple sequence alignment of multiple species using Jalview highlights the conservation of these regions. Abbreviations for species: Hs - Homo sapiens; Mm - Mus musculus; Rn - Rattus norvegicus; Pt - Pan troglodytes; Xt - Xenopus tropicalis Dr - Danio rerio; Dm - Drosophila melanogaster; Ce - Caenorhabditis elegans; Sp - Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Sc - Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
E Quantification of FOXP3 distribution in murine Tregs. The degree of FOXP3-nuclear coIocalization in CD4+/FOXP3+ cells isolated from the lymph nodes and spleens of Traf6fl/flCD4Cre+ and wild type (Traf6fl/flCD4Cre-) mice was determined by Imagestream analysis, and the frequencies of cells with either a low or high probability of nuclear FOXP3 distribution are shown (red: nuclear stain, green:FOXP3, Scale bars: 10 um).
(D) Immunoblot analysis of protein levels of HMGB1, HSP70 and HSP90 in tumor interstitial fluid of mock, OTUD1 and OTUD1C320S expressing CT26 tumors.
B-F Jejunal spheroids were cultured in differentiation medium containing 0-1,000 nM dmPGE2 or Iloprost. (F) Quantification of average spheroid area ± s.e.m. relative to spheroids treated with 0 nM Iloprost (n = 4 images from two independent experiments).
C). Western blot of LMF1-partners after DSP crosslinking and affinity tag purification using LMF1's C-terminal His tag. Tetracycline induces LMF1 expression. Loading dye with 50mM DTT was used to break the disulfide bonds between LMF1 and its interacting partners. LMF1 complexes are labeled with asterisks and an arrow points to LMF1
C Cryo-EM density map of the H2A.B-NCP at 2.8 Å resolution: disc view (left) and gyre view (right).
G) HAse treatment blocks PTX3-induced synaptic surface AMPA receptors clustering (Ctr=1.000±0.075, PTX3=1.425±0.088, PTX3+HAse=0.961±0.053, HAse=1.080±0.087. Number of fields examined: 37, 23, 53, 28 respectively; Kruskall-Wallis test, p=0.0004 followed by post hoc Tukey test as indicated in figure; 3 independent experiments, data are presented as normalized mean value±SEM)
B Y2H assays with the extracellular domains of HERK1, ANJ and FER (HERK1-ECD, ANJ-ECD and FER-ECD, respectively). Ø represents negative controls where no sequence was cloned into the activating domain (AD) or DNA-binding domain (BD) constructs. -L-W-H, growth medium depleted of leucine (-L), tryptophan (-W) and histidine (-H).
(C) (C) GST‐Atg8 and GST‐Ubiquitin were immobilized as described in (B), and probed for their ability to bind Atg1‐TAP isolated from wild‐type or atg13Δ cells.
(j-m) CftrF508del mice (n = 3 per group) administered intranasally with a lentiviral vector encoding beclin 1 (LV-beclin 1) or GFP (LV-GFP). (m) MPO activity in lung homogenates (expressed as 10−3 × OD s−1). Means ± s.d. for lung tissues. Asterisk, P 0.05; ANOVA. Anti-β-Tubulin was used as loading control for immunoblot analysis. Densitometric analysis of blots is shown in Supplementary Information, Fig. S9.
Albumin-cre mice were crossed with KLF10flox/flox to generate hepatocyte-specific KLF10 knockout mice (KLF10hep-/-). Then, 8-week-old male KLF10hep-/- mice and KLF10flox/flox were treated with WD/CCl4 for 12 weeks. KLF10flox/flox mice were used as the control (Ctrl). n=5 per group. (M) Relative mRNA level of genes involved in the liver inflammation and fibrosis. Data information: * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001. Results are shown as mean ± SD. Student's t test
E Quantification of the RCA product after co-IP of the C-circles with Nic96-RFP showing the effect of SUS1 deletion. The graph shows means and s.e.m. of the three independent co-IPs with 2-5 clones per genotype. Outliers were removed using ROUT robust outlier test. The p-values from one-way ANOVA were were adjusted using the Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons. est2∆ versus est2∆ NIC96-RFP (p=0,002), est2∆ versus est2∆ sus1∆ NIC96-RFP (p= 0,0006). **P<0,001, ***P<0,0001.
(L-N) Normalized OCR of (L) gas-1(fc21) and (M-N) gas-1(fc21); cest-2.2 O/E nematodes fed with control and RNAi expressing bacteria (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, n=5-8 biological replicates from 2 independent experiments). Data information: bars represent mean ±SEM points represent mean±SEM. Across experiments, p value summary is ns=not statistical, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
(c) Lysine (K)-to-arginine (R) substitutions at amino-acid residues 248 and 249.
H GO term analysis of genes conversely (upregulated in LINC00941 deficient and downregulated in SPRR5 deficient samples) regulated by LINC00941 and SPRR5 in day 3 epidermal tissue (n = 3-5 epidermal tissue cultures/knockdown group).
The ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the two dominant phyla in intestinal flora, decreases significantly in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice compared to Regular-chow Diet (RD)-fed mice, with a relative increase of Firmicutes in HFD-fed mice and decrease of Bacteroidetes. This dysbiosis is accompanied by heightened intestinal permeability, which allows increased translocation of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (endotoxemia). Recognition of these microbe-specific molecules by pattern recognitions receptors (PRRs) present on innate immune cells triggers synthesis and excretion of cytokines causing chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. Ultimately, this exacerbates CNV.
PCR fragments amplified with specific primers for Vκ and Jκ5 from genomic DNA of purified splenic B cells from Ptenf/f x 3-83ki and Ptenf/f x mb1-cre x 3-83ki mice on the respective backgrounds. Genomic tail DNA from a 3-83ki mouse and DNA from purified splenic B cells of a control (ctrl) mouse were used as controls. PCR for the splicing factor Srp20 served as a loading control. Kb and Kd indicate the respective background of the mice, (H2-Kb: +Ag).
Scatterplots showing correlations between CALIC- and hnRNP-L-regulated genes in (B). Left, co-regulated 59 genes; Right, all differentially regulated genes (DEGs). The correlation was calculated using the data except for the gene indicated by the asterisk.
Luc-CTL assay was performed with MCF7 cells transfected with control or PD-L1-specific siRNAs and cocultured with or without CTLs and bsAb. For each condition, the luciferase activity of PD-L1-siRNA-treated cells was normalized to that of the control siRNA; n = 8. Error bars denote ± SEM.
Volcano plot of differentially expressed brain mRNAs of 4.5-month-old mice (n = 3 biological replicates per genotype) detected by the Neuropathology panel of NanoString. Expression changes were only taken into consideration when the extent of change was above 20% as indicated by vertical lines for all volcano plots. Gliosis and Myelination related genes are highlighted if changes are above 20%. Fold changes are displayed after log2 transformation. (A) Comparison of differentially expressed brain mRNAs from Tmem106b-/- and wild type mice. From 680 detected genes 21 are significantly upregulated, while 10 are significantly reduced.
(B) WB analysis of WT (1) and pex3 atg1 cells (2), grown for 6 or 16 h on MM-M/G.
Representative FACS plots showing the distribution of CD16/32 and CD34 hematopoietic precursors sorted from the cKit+Sca1-LIN- bone marrow of untreated (-dox) or treated (+dox) adult Nanogtg mice.
Venn diagram shows the overlap of differentially regulated genes in PAX6 KO and PAX6D KO cells. The numbers indicate the number of genes in each area. Also see Figure EV3C for detailed GO analysis of genes unique in PAX6 KO cells.
A. Scatterplot of difference in chromatin accessibility in the 33 BXD inbred versus difference in H3K4me3 modification in the parental strains for trans-caQTL (LOD ≥ 8). ATAC-seq signal represents the log2 ratio of the average signal based on the genotype at the QTL.
(D) Detrended Per2 and Nr1d1 promoter activity in WT, CKO and quadruple Cry1/2-Per1/2 knockout (CPKO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) recorded at 37°C, n=3, mean (solid) ±SEM (dashed). Nr1d1 data were preferentially fit with a circadian damped sine wave over straight line (p<0.0001, extra sum-of-squares F-test) (right hand graphs, solid lines; error bars, SEM).
(G) Volcano plot illustrates differentially abundant proteins (n = 3). The -log10 (Benjamini-Hochberg corrected P-value) is plotted against the log2 (fold change: CTNSWT/CTNS-/-).
(G) Loss of miRNA from ubiquitinated form of HuR. Scheme of the double immunoprecipitation experiment is shown in the left panel. Western blot analysis for HuR in the anti-HA and anti-HuRimmunoprecipitatedFLAG-HuR along with the input of FLAG-HuR used. Lysates of cell expressing the FLAG-HuR and used for FLAGHuR purification is also shown (right upper panels). qRT-PCR based estimation of the miRNA per unit of HuRimmunoprecipitated were estimated for both HA and HuRimmunoprecipitated materials and normalized against respective protein levels quantified by densitometric quantification of western blots (right lower panel). Data represented as mean+/- s.e.m., n=3. Position of ubiquitinated band of FLAG-HuR is marked by arrow.
A. C-terminal amino acid sequence of KV10.1, indicating the predicted importin-α recognition sequence (bold) and the deleted fragment n KV10.1ΔNLS (red).
(B) GST pulldown assays using cell extracts of Flag‐Nix‐expressing COS7 cells and immobilized GST or the indicated GST fusions. Coprecipitated Nix was detected with Flag antibodies.
(B) U2OS (left panel), RPE1-hTERT (middle panel), and HeLa cells (right panel) were monitored for their capacity to form IR-induced BRCA1 foci. For each cell line, the following conditions were used: U2OS cells were transfected with a nontargeting siRNA (siCtrl) or an siRNA targeting human POGZ (siPOGZ-1 or -2); RPE1-hTERT cells were transduced a control shRNA (shCtrl) or a shRNA directed against human POGZ (shPOGZ-1 or -2); HeLa cells were expressing a non-targeting sgRNA (sgCtrl) or a sgRNA targeting human POGZ and sub-cloned (POGZ∆-1 or -2). Cells were exposed to 1 Gy before being pulsed with Edu for 1hr and were recovered 1h post-exposure to IR. Cells were fixed, stained, and imaged via confocal microscopy. Data are the total number of ΒRCA1 foci in EdU+ cells and represented as a bar graph showing the mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates, with at least 100 cells analyzed for each time point). Significance was determined by two-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett's test. *P<0.005, **P<0.001.
C. Representative I-V curves of PC1/PC2_AA recorded in a bath solution containing 100 mM Na+ and 2 mM Ca2+ solution in the absence or presence of 10 μM MONNA.
(C) Phosphorylated Myosin-II Regulatory Light Chain (p-MLC; red) detected by antibody staining reveals high levels around the cortex of rounded mitotic cells in wild-type wing epithelial cells, but not those cells homozygous mutant for tum347, marked by expression of GFP in single-celled clones (MARCM system). pH3 staining (blue) marks mitotic cell chromosomes. Arrow indicates a GFP-positive single cell tum347 mutant clone. Quantification shown on the right (n > 3 independent samples per genotype; mean +/- 1 S.D. shown). Scale bars ~20µm.
C Telo-PCR analysis of telomere length in wt (ter1+ and est1+) and two independent clones (a and b) deleted for ter1+ or est1+ grown for ~ 25+10 (~ 35), ~ 25+14 (~ 39) and ~ 25+18 (~ 43) pds in YES medium. PCRs were performed with the subtelomeric oligonucleotide oF5, located 620 bp upstream of the first telomeric repeat, and the oligo(dG)-containing oligonucleotide odG18. Marker (m) molecular weights are on the left in kilobases. tels: telomere-containing Telo-PCR products.