EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
(C) The degradation of 3HA-GFP-Pgc1275-321 in wt and doa10Δ cells was analyzed as in Fig. 1A. The graph shows the average of four independent experiments; error bars represent the standard deviation.
qRT-PCR for mGPDH, myogenin and myh3 (L) in GA muscle from mdx mice 4 weeks after AAV-mGPDH intramuscular injection
C-D WT donor derived progenitors as a percentage of ckit and Il7rα enriched BM cells. Data information: Data were collected at month 7 post transplantation for the uMT-/- group and month 8 post-transplantation for the NSG group, and presented as mean ± SEM. n=7 mice for the uMT-/- group and n=6 for the NSG group. *p<0.05 and **p< 0.01 (two-tailed and two-sample equal variance Student"s t-test)
M, N. Quantification of the percentages of Ki67 staining-positive beta cells (M) and Pbk staining-positive beta cells (N). Four mice for each group, and 5-10 islet images per mouse were analyzed. **P = 0.0026 (M, WT/WT-Mock : WT/WT-MI-463), **P = 0.0013 (M, KI/KI-Mock : KI/KI-MI-463), **P = 0.0011 (N, WT/WT-Mock : WT/WT-MI-463), ***P = 0.0009 (N, KI/KI-Mock : KI/KI-MI-463) (two-tailed unpaired student's t-test). ns, not statistically significant difference.
(A) His pull-down assay was performed with His-EV- or His-fused CARS protein and HA-tagged AMPK subunit proteins overexpressed in 293T cells.
(F) UMAPs showing cells that harbour the top 10 abundant TCRs for each condition, obtained from TCR repertoire analysis. Cells are coloured according to experimental condition.
A Bimolecular fluorescence complementation tests using in combination PAP8ΔcTP-NY (P8Δc-NY) with PAP5ΔcTP-YC (P5Δc-YC) or PAP8ΔcTP-YC (P8Δc-YC) with PAP5ΔcTP-NY (P5Δc-NY); PAP10-RFP (P10-RFP) was used as internal positive control for transfection; the ratio in grey depicts the number of green-fluorescent cells over red-fluorescent cells. Arrowheads indicate nuclei. See Appendix Fig. S6 for control experiments; transgenes expressed under CaMV35S promoter.
(F) Fold increase (positive values) or decrease (negative values) in the initial uptake rates of the variants relative to WT GltPh. Circles are averages of technical triplicates. Bars are means over independent repeats (as indicated). The dashed line marks a four-fold increase in the initial rate.
WB analysis of control siRNA or NRF2 siRNA transfected lysates of HeLa cells, untreated or treated with H2O2 (200 µM, 2h) as indicated and probed with antibodies as shown. L.E, Low exposure; H.E, High Exposure.
E, F (E) Total (basal: P=0.015) and (F) complete (basal: P=0.0137) oxidation of 200 μM [1-14C]palmitate to CO2 from mixed gastrocnemius muscle homogenates (N=7 per group).
B. Kaplan-Meier curve represents the survival of BALB/c mice over time. Four BALB/c mice in each experimental group were infected i.v with 104 L. monocytogenes wild-type (EGD-e) or ΔinlK mutant.
(A) Radiolabeled ATZXXX enter in 2C1-positive polymers that are immunoisolated at the end of the given chase times. Total ATZNNN is immunoisolated with HA. Protein load and 35S-methionine/cysteine incorporated in nascent polypeptides are shown.
IHC of ALSP patient post mortem tissue for amyloid-β (green) and CLD5 (red), (B) human IgG (green) and PDGFRβ (red), (C) GFAP (green) and CLD5 (red). ΔA781_N783 and P824R indicate the CSF-1R variant present.
A. Quantification of in vitro matrigel invasion assay of PANC-1 cells cultured for 48 h with conditioned media (CM) of NFs (P-NFs-CM), CAF low #44 and #110 and CAFs high #36 and 138. Histograms show the number of invading cells measured by counting 6 random fields. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three biological replicates, performed at least in duplicate each. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA P<0.0001, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. * P <0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
(D) GFP antibody immunolabels VenusClC-3 (green) in neurites of cultured neurons. EEA1 and VGLUT1 are co-stained (both in red; left and right panel, respectively). The dendritic marker MAP2 is stained in blue (right panel) (scale bars: 10 µm). DNA stained with DAPI.
The sphere formation capacity of CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells sorted by FACS directly from a tumor sample. GB17 was infected with a control (Empty) or shSIRT2-expressing (shS2 #1) lentivirus. Bars indicate mean ± s.d. of 8 wells.
I Total cell cycle length of the GBCs in the MOE of the NC and miR-200b/a KD mice (total cell cycle length was calculated using the following formula: 20 h+(Ts×EdU+BrdU-/Edu+); n=3 mice each group; p=0.9785; data represent the mean±SEM; Student's t-test).
C) Hippocampal neurons in primary culture were grown in the presence of Lactacystin (10 μM), fixed at two hour intervals and immunolabeled against Shank3/ProSAP2. Two representative fields of view at t=0 and t=24h. Scale bar, 10μm. D) Average synaptic Shank3/ProSAP2 immunofluorescence at increasing times in the presence of Lactacystin. Fluorescence was normalized to mean fluorescence at t=0. Numbers under data points reflect the numbers of fields of view analyzed at each time point. Error bars, SEM.
L. HEK293T cells were co-transfected with a JunD-expressing plasmid and luciferase reporter constructs driven by different wild-type mouse JunD binding sites (JBSs) for 36 h, followed by luciferase assay. Three independent experimets (n=3). **P = 0.0011 (site 2), **P = 0.0032 (site 3), ***P = 0.0001 (site 4) (two-tailed unpaired student's t-test). ns, not statistically significant difference.
Western blots showing cytochrome c release from mitochondria. n = 2. *P = 0.003; **P = 0.003; ***P = 0.01; #P = 0.008.
B. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) embedding of single-cell RNA-Seq data from mock and SARS-CoV-2 infected colon-derived (left panels) and ileum-derived (right panels) organoids colored according to the cell type. Small insets highlight in the UMAP the cell from mock and infected organoids at 12 and 24 hpi (Red) and the rest of the cells (gray)
E-H Serum levels of TNF-α (E). n = 5 for each genotype. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P = 0.0077, **P = 0.0052, ***P = 0.0114, ****P = 0.0127 (Student's t-test).
Co-staining of Ang-2 and vWF (endothelial cells), αSMA (mural cells) and IBA1 (microglia) in different glioblastoma specimen. Normal brain tissue was used to assess Ang-2 staining specificity (E).
(E) qRT-PCR of cest-2.2 in wt, gas-1(fc21) and nuo-6(qm200) mutants (one-way ANOVA with Dunnet's post hoc correction, n=9-12 technical replicates pooled from 3 independent experiments). Data information: mean± SEM Across experiments, p value summary is ns= not significant, *p<0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, ****p<0.0001.
F. Mosquito infections resulted in deformed sporozoites in the salivary gland. Shown are example images of different sporozoites arranged to illustrate their rounding up over time. G. Quantification of sporozoite rounding up over time in the midgut (MG) the haemolymph (HL) and salivary gland (SG) at the indicated days post infection from three biological replicates. Sporozoites were classified as either normal, deformed or round as illustrated in F.
M-N IFN-β promoter activity (M) and ISRE reporter activity (N) in HEK293T cells co-transfected Myc-SIRT5 together with HA-MAVS or HA-MAVS-K7R. Data information All data are presented as the mean values based on three independent experiments, and error bars indicate S.E.M. (unpaired two-tailed Student's t test).
(d) We measured expression levels of TFEB target genes in E13 motor neurons derived from non-transgenic (Nt), YAC AR20 and YAC AR100 mice by RT-PCR analysis: Ctsf (cathepsin F), F = 4.63; Mcoln1, F = 6.64; Atp6v1h, F = 5.6; and Gla, F = 5.65; n = 3 independent experiments, *P 0.05, ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Individual P values and degrees of freedom are available in the Supplementary Methods Checklist.
The K+ in shoots and roots of TS-670 and three independent SlHAK20Hap1-YFP transgenic lines during salt stress. The 21-day-old TS-670, Hap1OE-1, Hap1OE-2 and Hap1OE-3 plants grown in 0.25× Hoagland which were then treated with 50 mM NaCl for additional 0 and 7 days.
A. Experimental design for F1 offspring derived from either saline or 5-Aza treated fathers (ST and AT, respectively).
Tetrad analysis of Mtw1-wt or mutants. Surviving spores in which the Mtw1-wt or mutant rescue construct was the only source of Mtw1 are indicated in pink circles.
H, I. CMTs visualized with MAP4-GFP in root epidermal cells of the cre1-12 mutant. Cells at the TZ, the EZ and the DZ were monitored at time point 0 and 60 min after treatment with oryzalin (1 µM) (H), and CK plus oryzalin (I). As CK source 10 µM BAP was used and 1 µM oryzalin. For double (CK and oryzalin) treatment roots were pretreated for 60 min with CK and then transferred to medium supplemented with both compounds. Scale bar 10 µm.
A MCF10A cells were plated on collagen, and 24 h later, they were treated with EGF (10 ng/ml). Shown are trajectories of cells transiently expressing the indicated forms of NAV3. Red tracks indicate relatively low persistence (< 0.6).B Quantification of migration parameters (from A) is shown as mean ± SEM (60 cells and three experiments).
I Western blot showing the efficiency of the 4E-T knockdown. Dilutions of control cell lysates were loaded in lanes 1-4 to estimate the efficacy of the depletion. Tubulin served as a loading control.
(a) Schematic showing the negative feedback loop between p53 and MDM2 and the induction of p53 oscillatory or rising dynamics using irradiation with or without the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a, respectively. Samples for mRNA-seq and mass-spectrometry were collected at the indicated time points following radiation.
D. Disassembly rate of single Tpm domains, at boundaries located towards the pointed end (PE) and towards the barbed end (BE) of actin filaments. N = 100 (non-oxidized F-actin, 4 experiments) and 50 (oxidized F-actin, 2 experiments) domains per direction. Bars: mean and S.D. P-value (t-test) = 0.27 (BE) and 0.12 (PE).
(A) Representative confocal images of APP-DKO cells expressing GFP-tagged C99WT or C99MUT (in green) and fluorescent markers of mitochondria (MitoDsRed, in red) and ER (Sec61β-BFP, in blue), and treated with DAPT to prevent C99 cleavage. Note the different distribution of C99WT or C99MUT forms. Scale bar = 10 µm. Insets show 5X amplifications of individual (C99 in green, and mitochondria in red) and merged images. Black and white bottom panels represent the areas where C99 and mitochondria signals colocalize. Upon thresholding each channel, a mask for mitochondria was generated and the C99 channel was superimposed on the mitochondria mask, so the positive pixels found in both channels are shown in black.
(C) Quantification of α-dystroglycan glycosylation (IIH6), compared with DMSO only controls. Data information: Intensities of glycosylation are normalized to GAPDH protein expression. Values indicate mean ± s.d. (n= 3 or 4 biological replicates; One-way ANOVA; NS, not significant; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01).
C, C1 Dendritic reconstruction of secretagogin− and secretagogin+ neurons at their actual location in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
H mRNA levels of CPEB4 were examined in cells treated with or without DHT and enzalutamide. The data are the mean of triplicates ± SD.
(G) HeLa cells expressing GFP-DYRK3-dN were treated as described in F. GFP-DYRK3-dN PN aggregates were already visible 2 hrs after treatment with GA. GFP-DYRK3-dN mobility was investigated by FRAP in the cytoplasm and nucleus of untreated cells, and in the PN aggregates of GA-treated cells. The mean of 9-11 FRAP curves for each condition and the fitting curves are shown; sem is shown.
G Quantification of GFP signal in cells marked by an arrow in panels (D-F) shows a significant upregulation of NMD sensor expression upon downregulation of Upf1 (dark gray) and NompA (black) compared to wild-type (no RNAi) (light gray). Results represent the average of five biological replicates (mean ± SEM). Pair-wise comparisons were performed using a one-tailed t-test (non-parametric) between treatments and wild-type. ***P < 0.001.
(B) Immunofluorescence images showing nuclear/cytoplasmic Gadd45b in latent neurons and cytoplasmic Gadd45b in viral DNA synthesis positive neurons. Latent SCG neurons treated with LY294002 and WAY-150138 for 72 hrs and then performed EdU pulse-labeling for detecting newly synthesized viral DNA followed by immunofluorescence staining probing with Gadd45b. The uninfected neurons served as control. Scale bar, 20 μm.
Tissue microarrays (Wang et al, 2010) containing 25 benign and 283 tumor samples were stained with a XBP-1S specific antiserum and scored by a pathologist. The P-value indicates the difference between XBP-1S staining (strong and moderate) in normal vs cancer cells using Mann-Whitney test.
(g) Heart weight/body weight ratios (HW/BW) and (h) lung weight/body weight ratio (LW/BW) of WT and Hace1−/− mice 4 days after sTAC or sham surgery. n=15-21 for each group.
A. Blood-stage growth rate of concavin(-) parasites in comparison to wild type. Data points represent parasites growing in individual mice, n indicates total number. P-value is calculated using the Mann Whitney test. Shown is the mean ± SEM.
(C) 3D reconstruction of multi-channel confocal stacks acquired from a RFP+ apical dendrite of a granule cell showing co-localization with the pre- and post-synaptic markers VIAAT (granule neuron) and gephyrin (mitral cell), respectively (magnification shown in insets).
(B) Metacodon analysis of 21 nt RPFs centered at the first codon of each inhibitory pair (red) compared to their corresponding optimal pair (green). P-values were determined by Student's t-test between each inhibitory and the corresponding optimal pair (** p < 0.01, n=2).
F Expression of cell-cycle indicator genes of mCFU-E and BaF3-EpoR cells in response to 5 U/ml Epo. Genes were selected based on microarray analysis. Experimental data is shown as fold change to unstimulated cells with mean ± standard deviation, N=3. Welch Modified Two-Sample t-Test, * p<0.05.
(B) DAB staining of H2O2 before and after 2 mM H2O2 plus 20 µM β-estradiol treatment under dark conditions for two days. The brown color represents H2O2 accumulation. Scale bars indicate 1 cm.
C, D For determination of the secretion of Asm by platelets into the supernatants (C), tumor cells and wild-type (WT) or Asm-deficient (Asm−/−) platelets were co-incubated for 20 s, the samples were pelleted, the supernatants were removed and acidified, and the Asm activity was measured in the presence or absence of Zn2+. For measurement of surface Asm and ceramide, samples were co-incubated as indicated (C, D) and pelleted; the supernatants were discarded, incubated with anti-Asm antibodies, washed, and lysed; and Asm immunocomplexes were immobilized and subjected to immunocomplex enzyme assays. Surface ceramide was measured by incubation of intact cells with DAG kinase in the presence of [32P]γATP followed by extraction and measurement of [32P]-ceramide. Omission of one cell type indicated by "−" here and thereafter.
(c) Representative image of LC3 recruitment to macropinosomes (arrows) in MCF10A cells expressing GFP-LC3 incubated with red dextran. Scale bar, 2 μm. (d) Quantification of LC3 recruitment to macropinosomes in MCF10A cells treated with siRNA against FIP200 or ATG5; n, number of macropinosomes analysed; ***P0.0001, chi-squared test.
I, Labile iron levels examined were quantified. Data information: Bars and error bars are mean±s.d., n=3 independent repeats. Two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test was performed. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01.
F) One-way ANOVA comparison of pH values at SU γ of CV at the matrix site after treating cells with the cocktail (FCCP, nigericin and oligomycin) for pH equilibration. Box (75%) and whisker plots, median (horizontal line in box), mean (box in box). ***, p<0.001; **, p<0.01; *, p<0.5, n.s.: non-significant (N=3 technical replicates, ≥10 cells analyzed). NFO: nigericin + FCCP + oligomycin; NFOD: nigericin + FCCP + oligomycin + digitonin (0.006 % w/v); NFOT: nigericin + FCCP + oligomycin + Triton X-100 (0.002 % w/v).
B. Immunohistochemical analysis of cortical and hippocampal regions of the brains in wild-type (Wt) and APP/PS1mice after administration of Nec-1 (6.25 mg/kg) or vehicle (2.5% DMSO in PBS) for phosphorylated tau expression levels. Anti-tau (phospho Ser199) antibody (red colour) was applied for staining tau phosphorylation on Serine-199 and Hoechst 33342 (blue colour) for nuclear counterstaining in the brain sections. Scale bars = 200 μM.
E, F HeLa cells were treated with the indicated siRNAs, synchronized by double thymidine block and released for 12 hours and analysed by immunofluorescence microscopy for FXR1 and mAb414. The magnified framed regions are shown in the corresponding numbered panels in (E). The percentage of cells with cytoplasmic Nup granules was quantified in (F), 2700 cells were analysed (mean ±SD, ***P < 0.001; N = 3).
Double-immunofluorescence stainings of macrophages (F4/80) and tumor vessels (vWF) in mouse GBM after treatment with AMG386, aflibercept or the combination of both are shown in (G)
Western blot images (left) and TRF1 protein levels (right) measured in h676 GSCs 24h after treatment with the indicated compounds as single agents or in combination. Data are representative of (DMSO in and ERKi in H)
(B) In vitro degradation of Ubp6 proteins by purified S. cerevisiae proteasome. Full-length Ubp6 (Ubp6, black open circles) and a UbL deletion mutant (Ubp6ΔN, green open circles) escaped proteasome degradation. Attachment of a Cterminal 95 amino-acid tail derived from S. cerevisiae cytochrome b2 allowed the proteasome to degrade the Ubp6 proteins (Ubp6-95, black solid circles and Ubp6ΔN-95, green solid circles). The graph plots the amount of substrate estimated by electronic autoradiography in SDS-PAGE gel bands over time as normalized to the initial substrate amount as described in Methods. Data points represent mean values determined from at least three repeat experiments; error bars indicate s.e.m.
A. Cartoon representation of reaction conditions used in (B-D), which simultaneously enable de novo chain assembly as well as the formation of K48/K63-branched chains.
G Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis reveals that localisation of paxillin at focal adhesions is unaffected by KSHV‐TK‐Y3F expressed in the context of lytic infection.
L Transcript levels for inflammatory markers Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1), macrophage antigen F4/80 (F480), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfα), and tumor necrosis factor-beta (Tnfβ) in gWAT of WT and KO after 25 weeks on NC or HFD (males, n=4-5). Transcript levels were normalized to 18S Data information: values shown are mean ±SD * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons, except for A and B, which used multiple t-tests).
(A-E) Control and Tg(bactin:igfbp1a)-overexpressing larvae were treated with MTZ from 3-4 dpf to ablate β cells, and analyzed at 6 dpf, after 2 days of regeneration. (A-B) Representative confocal images of control and Tg(bactin:igfbp1a)-overexpressing Tg(ins:dsRed);Tg(gcg:GFP);Tg(ins:Flag-NTR) larvae. A bihormonal glucagon- and insulin-expressing cell (gcg+;ins+) is indicated by an arrow. Scale bars: 20 μm. (C-D) Representative confocal images of control and Tg(bactin:igfbp1a)-overexpressing Tg(gcg:GFP);Tg(ins:Flag-NTR) larvae stained for Pdx1. Pdx1- and glucagon-expressing cells (pdx1+;gcg+) are indicated by arrows. Scale bars: 20 μm. (E) Quantification of gcg+;ins+ and pdx1+;gcg+ cells in the control and Tg(bactin:igfbp1a) group; P<0.001, P=0.0012; n=18 and 18 in the control groups, n=15 and 10 in the Tg(bactin:igfbp1a) groups, for the gcg+;ins+ and pdx1+;gcg+ quantification, respectively.
B Expression of plasmid-based NL-3xF reporters in HEK293 cells with and without over-expression of EIF5 (two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons test; n=9-12/condition). Black asterisks refer to comparisons between Empty Vector-transfected and EIF5-transfected cells; pink asterisks refer to comparisons between EIF5-transfected cells expressing AUG-NL-3xF and those expressing a different reporter. For all panels, *** P≤0.001, **** P≤0.0001 for the specified statistical test. Bars represent mean ± SEM (compiled from ≥3 replicates).
A and B. Representative transmission EM pictures of RBEWT/WT (A) and RBEKO/KO (B) photoreceptor ribbon synapses (blue rectangles, area adjacent to synaptic junction used for measuring junction-associated vesicle density [size = 200 nm x 300 nm]; black squares, are in the presynaptic cytosol used to measure cytosolic synaptic vesicles [size = 200 nm x 200 nm]).C. Average vesicle ratio (expressed as vesicle numbers in the area adjacent to synaptic junctions (blue rectangle) or the cytosol (black square) normalized to RBEWT/WT.D. Average number of docked vesicles within a 150 nm range in the vicinity of the active zone.
F) Proteins with significant differences in overall abundance between CKO and WT cells were more likely to show genotype-dependent differences in temporal variation (Fisher's exact test, p<0.0001), number of proteins in each group reported.
I Palmitoylation of the episomally expressed DHHC2::6HA with mutation in respective individual cysteine (C255A, C258A, C260A, and C262A). Representative of three independent repeats.
Immunoblot analysis showed HEK293 transfected for 48 hours with expression vectors for TCHP-FLAG C-terminal or constructs with deletions of the coiled-coil domain 1 (TCHP ∆1) and 2 (TCHP ∆2), as indicated in the scheme. total lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-FLAG antibodies, and blots were probed sequentially with anti-PCM1, anti-FLAG, and anti-ACTIN antibodies. IgG light chains are indicated with Red Ponceau staining. The input totals were analyzed by parallel immunoblotting as a control for the level of expression.
(C) The XccBphP domain architecture. The photosensory module, composed by the PAS2-GAF-PHY domain triad, binds to the chromophore biliverdin IXα (BV) from a conserved cysteine residue indicated by a red arrow (Cys13). The output module comprises a single PAS9 domain.
G Immunofluorescence image of SHEP cells co-transfected with NL-ZDHHC17 and CSPα-mCit-wt, -ΔL116 or -L115R constructs lacking the PA-tag. NL-ZDHHC17 was stained with an anti NanoLuc antibody. Scale bar: 20 µm.
(C) Distribution of nucleosome occupancy calculated from histone H3 ChIP-seq averaged over a 1000 bp window within promoters. H3K4me3 regions displayed higher nucleosome density for CLL as compared to NBC samples.
a-c, Mass spectra of purified ARF1-strep in untreated (a), IpaJ-treated (b) or IpaJ C64A-treated (c) cells, with the observed monoisotopic mass reported in daltons. *Observed 1 Da shift in molecular mass is accounted for in MS/MS data (Supplementary Fig. 7).
(A) Total RNA was isolated from mock and CHIKV (MOI 1, 24 h) infected control and IRGM knockdown HT-29 cells and subjected to qRT-PCR with CHIKV specific primers to quantitate total viral load
F. Intracellular survival of ΔactA-(pADc-GFP) and ΔactA-(pADc-inlK) in MVP knock-down RAW 267.4 macrophages. Statistical analyses were performed on the results of 3 independent experiments using the Student t test. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically different and are labeled here as *.
D Diameter (Sx) of the paraspeckles in WT, ∆3′, ∆5′, and ∆5′/∆3′ cells treated with MG132 (5 μM for 17 h) determined by EM (WT: n = 35, ∆3′: n = 49, ∆5′: n = 39, ∆5′/∆3′: n = 28). WT (mean size: 339.4 nm), ∆3′ (mean size: 416.4 nm), ∆5′ (mean size: 457.4 nm), and ∆5′/∆3′ (mean size: 488.9 nm). (**: P = 0.0041, ****: P < 0.0001, compared with WT: Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparison test). Each box plot shows the median (inside line), 25-75 percentiles (box bottom to top), and 10-90 percentiles (whisker bottom to top).
Q) Bronchioalveolar cultures co-exress both entry receptors ACE2 (green) and TMPRSS2 (red). Scale bar indicates 50μm.
(C) Immunofluorescence for lamp2a (top) and P‐glycoprotein (bottom) in mouse liver sections. The right panel shows merged images. Bar: 100 μm. Inset shows detailed area at higher magnification. Bar: 50 μm.