EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
(A) qPCR of DLL4 expression in stable expression scr and 2 DLL4 KD TREx cell lines at 0 and 24 hours post-induction. GAPDH was used as a housekeeper (n=3). Data information: data are presented as mean ± SD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (Unpaired Student's t-test). All repeats are biological.
RNAseq was performed with MEFs of the indicated genotype untreated or treated with 10 µM Nutlin for 16 hours. Shown are all Nutlin-regulated genes from the MSigDB gene set Hallmarks_P53_Pathway with a mean log2FC≥1 in p53+/+ cells. Shown are the z-transformed RNA expression values (FPKM).
(F) Following the schedule indicated in (A), ILC2s were sorted from mouse lungs and stimulated for 48h with IL-33. Concentration of the indicated cytokines in the supernatants was measured (Multiple Mann-Whitney tests). (T test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001) Bars represent mean ± SEM. Data information: Each dot represents data from one individual mouse or from one donor.
b) mRNAs/lincRNAs in sperm from Tesa-inj and MSUS males. Data represent genes with P < 0.05 and similar fold change. Fold change in heat map represents log2(fold change) respective to the corresponding control group. Total overlap is presented in Extended Data Fig. 11.
A: Volcano plot showing significantly regulated genes between control and ATP-treated msEGCs.
A, Scheme showing the proposed functions of ZNRF3/RNF43 and USP42 in colorectal cancer cells. Auto- and paracrine Wnt secretion is promoted by Evi (WLS) and PORCN.
C Confocal live cell imaging of HepG2 cells expressing AgHaloER labeled by P1 (green) and TMR (red), followed by introduction of DMSO or 5 μM Tg for 30 min. Scale bar = 10 μm.
(D) Sections of E18.5 WT and K14Cre/βCat Flox(ex3)/+ mouse skin stained for Sox9 and Gata6. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during epidermis development does not induce Gata6 expression but results in ectopic expression of the HFSC marker Sox9. Data information: Scale bar: 25 μm.
F-G. Co-immunoprecipitation performed on HeLa cells expressing HA-PNRC1 with a specific anti-HA antibody and probed with antibodies specific for proteins involved in RNA decapping. The white arrow indicates the specific DCP2 band, as reported in the datasheet of the antibody employed.
F ChIP experiments showing NFATc1 binding along with H3K27 acetylation mark at the selected Snai1 enhancer region as well as Sox2 and RNA polymerase II binding at Snai1 promoter after miR‐200c overexpression in KPNC tumor cells. Means ± SD are shown from one out of three independent experiments.
(C) Box-and-whisker plot showing the quantification of double phosphorylated p-tau(231+235) in control (n=10) and AD (n=10) TBS-soluble fractions using a targeted IP-MS method. Data information: Box-and-whisker plots show the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles. Group differences determined using Mann-Whitney U test (****P <0.0001). All samples were run in singlicates.
BMDMs were primed with ultrapure E. coli K12 LPS (100 ng/ml) for 3 h and further stimulated with ABT-737 (1 μM) and S63845 (1 μM) for 24 h and mixed supernatant and extracts were analysed by immunoblot
N Immunoblotting of SLC1A5 and cleaved caspase-3 in melanoma cells subjected to mock (NT-siRNA + DMSO) or si-SLC1A5 treatment for 24 hr followed by exposure to LDHAi for 72 hr. Data information: Statistical analysis was performed by ordinary one-way Anova for the comparison of more than two groups. Unpaired t-test was used for the comparison of two groups, N.D., not determined. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3. ns: not significant, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.
A) In vitro phagocytosis of FAM-Aβ1-42 by wild type or PD-1-/- microglia for up to 6 h (mean +/-SEM of a technical quadruplicate, Student's t-test, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, representative result of an n=2 biological replicate). B) In vitro phagocytosis of FAM-Aβ1-42 by wild type microglia cultured in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) from wild type or PD-L1-/- astroglial cultures (mean +/-SEM of a technical quadruplicate, Student's t-test, * p<0.05, *** p<0.001, representative result of an n=2 biological replicate)
(C) Cholesterol content measured by mass spectrometry in infused striatum of untreated wt (N=7) and R6/2 (N=4), R6/2 ACSF (N=5), R6/2 chol-low (N=5), R6/2 chol-medium (N=5), and R6/2 chol-high (N=5) mice at 12 weeks of age after 4-week striatal cholesterol infusion. The low, medium, and high doses respectively correspond to 15 µg, 185 µg, and 369 µg of cholesterol infused in the striatum after 4 weeks. Data information: The data are from five independent trials and shown as scatterplot graphs with means±standard error. Each dot corresponds to the value obtained from each animal. Statistics: one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls post-hoc test (*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001).
Biolayer interferometry to measure cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV RBD-directed antibodies S230, m396 and 80R. Sensortips with immobilized antibodies were dipped into wells containing 2019-nCoV RBD-SD1 and the resulting data are shown as a black line.
H Expression of AtMYB64-Citrine fusion proteins under the AtMYB64 promoter was detected in the central cells (CC) and egg cells (EC) of the A. thaliana embryo sac Scale bar: 25 µm. Green, Citrine fluorescence; white, cell walls.
Phosphopeptide peak intensity normalized to total TRF1 signal in samples containing only TRF1 or TRF1 plus ERK2
(B) At 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days post-infection cells from (A) were harvested, lysed, and analyzed for endogenous LC3B and SQSTM1 by Western blotting. Left, representative blots are shown. Right, densitometric analysis of immunoblots from independent donors presented as means ± s.e.m., n = 4.
K-M Preparations from the same mice were immunolabeled with the testis-specific histone variant H1t (green) and SYCP3 (red).
(G-J) Contribution of PPM1D/Ulk1-dependent autophagy to irradiation-induced apoptosis. (H, I) Thymocytes were X-rayirradiated (5 Gy), and 3 hr later, the expression of each protein was examined by western blotting. α-Tubulin was included as a loading control. (I) Semiquantitative analyses are shown (n = 3; mean  ±  SD). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
A. Quantification of cytokines and other mediators in plasma obtained from COVID-19 patients (COVID, n=15) and healthy controls (CTR, n=15). Data represent individual values, mean ± standard error of the mean. Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. Exact p values are reported in the figure.
Competition assays with MLS 1765-92 cells transduced with an RFP‑labeled NTC shRNA or an RFP-labeled shRNA against the YAP1 3' UTR following transduction with EV or the YAP1 coding sequence. Flow cytometric quantification of RFP‑positive cells on day 17 relative to day 3 showed that cell viability was rescued by expression of the shRNA‑resistant YAP1 cDNA. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of two independent experiments.
Figure 7: Scheme Table 1. Summary of selected macrophage RNA-Seq and miRNA data generated in this study. Key pathways and key genes differentially regulated in different groups and conditions. Full datasets have been uploaded as supplementary tables. NOD-like signalling; inflammatory responses
(H) Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in medium from these cells as detected by sandwich ELISA. Values are given as means ± SEM (error bars).
Representative western-blots of the cortical (Ctx) or hippocampal (Hip) extracts from mice at the indicated time after seizure activity in pilocarpine (A,B) models. (C,F) Statistics of Gli1 or Shh expression levels shown in A,B or D,E respectively. n=8-14 mice in C and n=8-23 mice in F.
Oxygen consumption of male OXGR1REAG mice treated with AKG for 12 weeks (n = 8 per group).
A-H Double immunolabeling of SYCP1 (green) and SYCP3 (red) in wild-type (A-D) and Pds5AB cKO (E-H) spread spermatocytes at the indicated stages. I-L Double immunolabeling of HORMAD2 (pseudocolored in white) and SYCP3 (red). Data information: Sex bivalents (XY) are indicated. Scale bar, 10 μm.
C, D. Quantification of the effects of Flag-Lrig1 constructs on BDNF-induced primary (C) and secondary (D) dendrite formation of hippocampal neurons treated as indicated in A. The results are shown as mean SEM of 3 independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey´s multiple comparison test. NS, not significant.
(b, c) Quantification of the number of GFP-LC3-positive bacteria (b) or actin-accumulating bacteria (c). Data are mean ± s.e.m., at least 500 bacteria were counted in each experiment (n = 3 experiments).
H: Schematic representation of CX546 and Nifedipine administration; dotted line indicates drug wash out.
Scheme of the knock-in alleles of the SOX1-BRA-Reporter-OCT4-HALO-SOX2-SNAP (SBROS) cell line. Red hexagons: STOP codons. Yellow triangles: loxP sites.
(C) CD31+ endothelial cells lining a vessel are mostly p-EphrinB+ whereas NG2+ perivascular cells are mostly p-EphrinB-; cell nuclei are identified by DAPI; confocal images (scale bar: 10μm).
C. ΔPrPs are not converted into PK-resistant PrP in prion-infected cells. 22L-ScN2a cells were transiently transfected with (3F4) MoPrP, Δ159 or Δ159-175, and cell lysates digested with PK or not. Immunoblot was done using mAb 3F4.
E Representative FACS plots of CTLA-4+ CD4 T cells in the spleens of mice with EAE. Cells were gated as live single CD45.1+CD3+CD4+.
A-I Staining of small intestinal tissue sections of 12‐ to 16‐month‐old G3 mTerc−/−mice and age‐matched mTerc+/+mice (n = 4-5 mice per group). Representative pictures of (D, E) PCNA staining. Arrowheads and numbers indicate the position of ISPCs in the basal crypts. Scale bars: 20 μm. (C, F, I) Quantification of the absolute numbers of ISPCs at the indicated positions in the crypt base per 50 crypts as determined by counting of cells staining positive for (F) PCNA . Mean values ± SEM are given. Unpaired two‐tailed Student's t‐test.
(F) Photographs show E4 chicken embryos treated with HBC (control, n = 10, C1, C3, C5 and C6), 1 µg/µl (3.9 mM) thalidomide (n = 11, T1, T2, T6 and T9) or 1 µg/µl (3.6 mM) 5-hydroxythalidomide (5-HT) (n = 10, H1, H2, H8 and H9) corresponding to immunoblot analysis in Fig 7G. Red arrows show treated regions. Data information Data in bar graphs in (F) were calculated as relative limb bud length with left limb bud length as one. Error bars denote ± standard deviation (F), n = 4). P-values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (NS = Not Significant, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001).
CCR1 immunofluorescence of primary IMCs (left, co-stained with Mac2) and AT2 cells (right, co-stained with E-cadherin) detected by CLSM. Scale bars, 10 μm. CCR1 staining was mainly detected in cytoplasmic vesicles within IMCs, but some CCR1 fluorescence was also detected at the plasma membrane along with Mac2 (inset in the left microphotograph).
(H, I). Secretory vesicles of primary chromaffin cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy after 100 nM AngII stimulation, with or without pre-incubation with 400 nM Compound 7. Scale bars: (H, I), 150 nm. Red arrows indicate morphologically docked LDCVs and green arrows stands for undocked LDCVs. PM represents plasma membrane. (J). Vesicle numbers according to different distances from the plasma membrane were calculated in the presence or absence of 100 nM AngII or 400 nM Compound 7. PM represents plasma membrane. Data information: Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and displayed as the mean ± s.e.m. #, P<0.05; ##, P<0.01; ###, P<0.001: cells pre-incubated with PTP-MEG2 inhibitors compared with control vehicles. N.S. means no significant difference. Data were from 6 independent experiments. # indicates P<0.05 and ### indicates P<0.001 compared with control group.
B BiFC assays showing the interaction of BIC1 and BZR1 mainly in nucleus. Leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana were co-transformed with nYFP-BZR1 and cYFP-BIC1. BF, bright field. Scale bars represent 20 μm.
(B) Dual excitation (550/488 nm) of mt-mKeima transfected-Huh7 cells shows red fluorescence indicating mitophagy with DFP treatment at 24 h and green fluorescence without DFP treatment. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Cartoon visualizing how CDK7i and venetoclax synergize to suppress both GPR56+ compartments in AML.
Chrom3D visualisation of TAD clustering in chr14 from proliferating (top) and senescent IMR90 (bottom). TADs (spheres) are coloured by the cluster they belong to (left) or according to their HMGB1 ChIP-seq content (middle; grey - zero peaks, blue - 1 or 2 peaks, purple - 3 or 4 peaks, red - 5 or more peaks). Violin plots (right) show 3D distances amongst TADs in each subgroup or between HMGB1-containing and non-containing TADs. *: significantly different to inter-cluster distances, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
B-D Cellular and mitochondrial ROS in DC and age-matched healthy control cells supplemented with vehicle and NR were measured by flow cytometry from three replicates.
(F) SDD-AGE followed by western blot analysis with a mitochondrial fraction from control and IRGM siRNA knockdown THP1 cells. Western blot analysis with cytoplasmic fraction was also performed.
C. Protein extracts corresponding to tachyzoites expressing GFP-TgAtg8 and glycine mutant version incubated in HBSS for up to 8 hours, were separated by urea SDS-PAGE and analysed with an anti-GFP antibody to detect GFP-TgAtg8 and lipidated GFP-TgAtg8-PE forms. Anti-ROP5 was used as a loading control.
E. Identification of hybrid reads (produced by intra-strand ligation of RNaseT1 products during CLIP protocol) mapping to tRNAPhe(GAA) and tRNAAsn(GTT) genes. To the right: the schematic representation of selected hybrid reads with corresponding color-code.
A. MTIF2-dependent reading of initiation codons AUG, AUA or AUU in the P site of the ribosome by unmodified (unmod.) or C34-modified [14C]Met-tRNAMet. Binding was determined by nitrocellulose filtration and [14C]Met-tRNAMet retrieved on the membrane was quantified by scintillation counting. Binding in the absence of ribosomes (no 70S) or mRNA (no mRNA) served as controls. Data from three independent experiments are presented with error bars indicating ± SEM. The statistical significance of the results was analysed by T-test and is indicated by the asterisks in the graph.
(G) Comparison of normalized gene expression of histone deacetylases between CLL and NBCs. Histone deacetylases significantly up-regulated in CLL are shown in bold.
(F) Distribution of the m6A-Tracer layer thickness for HT1080 cells expressing Dam-Lamin B1, visualized before and after the pA-DamID protocol. For comparison, a similar analysis was performed with HT1080 cells not expressing Dam-LaminB1, subjected to Lamin B2 pA-DamID.
(A) WT and P525L FUS eGFP iPSCs were differentiated into MNs and were treated with sodium arsenite (500 μM) for 2 hrs. MNs were fixed and the number of SGs per cell was counted. WT FUS eGFP iPSC-MNs have no SGs. Number of P525L cells counted: 888 (arsenite); 1119 (arsenite + rec.). Number of SGs in P525L cells: 1498 (arsenite); 222 (arsenite + rec.). n = 6, ± sem (Student's t-test).
(D) Bar graph representing residual activated factor X (FXa) activity (ΔOD/min) in presence of the sdAbs and heparin.
(A-B) Proteins and RNA samples of colon tissue were extracted from mice with the indicated treatments. (A) Cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-1β and INF-λ were determined by ELISA (n=4-7). Results represent two or more independent experiments.
(E) Total cathepsin and specific cathepsin B activity in brain extracts from young and old mice was determined using fluorescence probes Z‐FR‐AMC and Z‐RR‐AMC, respectively, as described in the Material and methods section. Values are expressed as mean±s.e.m. *P0.05 versus young, n=3.
A Amitriptyline (2 mg/kg, Ami) was intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6mice for five times every 12 h. Sixty minutes after the last injection, 1 × 105B16F10tumor cells were intravenously injected. Control experiments confirmed that amitriptyline inhibited Asm activity in the blood by approximately 85%. Asm heterozygous mice were injected with 1 × 105B16F10tumor cells. The number of lungmetastases was determined after 14 days. Shown is the mean ± SD from six mice each, ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparison. P-values are indicated.
(D) Graphic representation of these top 29 genes (red dots) in the GSEA curve showing a high correlation between the cistrome and transcriptome (p-value <0.001, q-value<0.005).
B. Dot plots showing the expression levels of the top variable genes between IFM and DFM myoblasts across 7 clusters of the reference cell atlas dataset.
H Blood glucose and cumulative AUC during glucose tolerance tests (GTT; 1.0 g/kg) in chow-fed (n = 3) or HFD-fed WT and NOD2−/− mice (n > 8 for all groups) after bone marrow transplantation, *P = 0.04 and ϕP = 0.01.
IL-1β release in Prdx4 WT and KO BMDMs, untreated or primed for 6 h with LPS (100 ng/ml) and then pulsed for 3 h with ATP (5 mM) or Nigericin (10 µg/ml) or transfected for 3 h with poly (dA:dT) or Flagellin (1 µg/ml each) or treated with transfection agent only.
(C) Mean RLS in BY4741 wild-type, msn2∆ msn4∆ double and msn2∆ msn4∆ nat4∆ triple mutant strains.
(f) Time-course expression analysis of Tcfeb mRNA in heterozygous Tcfeb- β-gal/+ or control MEFs during fasting and re-feeding. Specific primers for the endogenous Tcfeb were used. Data represent mean ± s.d. for n = 3 mice.
(C) IP-Western blot analysis shows protein-protein interactions between fibrinogen and Vtn/TSP
(F) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-staining of lung sections were from EphA2+/+ and EphA2−/− mice intranasally infected with reovirus (4×104 PFU per mouse) on day 0, day 1 and day 3. Scale bars represent 200μm.
Selected proteins and complexes involved in controlling mitochondrial morphology and fusion/fission machinery and related processes of control (143B, solid lines, grey bars) and ρ0 cells (dashed lines, colored bars). C, DNM1L/DRP1 and interacting proteins. For DNM1L, MTFR1 and ARL2BP, quantification of the entire migra­tion profiles (Overall) and the range above 1,400 kDa only (>1,400 kDa) are shown. Plots and gene names are in corresponding colors, except for ARL2 (dark-grey) not shown in the plot. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=4). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 (Student's t-test).
(A) Venn diagram of 14 transcription factors (as recovered from the YEASTRACT database (Teixeira et al., 2006, 2018)) with at least one phosphorylation site changing two-fold in setup SR (grey) or SR igo1∆igo2∆ (blue). For the six overlapping transcription factors the log2 SILAC ratios of phosphorylation sites are shown (y-axis) in the corresponding setups (color code as above). The first two box plots illustrate the distribution of log2 SILAC ratios of all phosphorylation sites quantified in each setup ('all'). Gis1 and Rph1 were found to be significantly different in their distributions (p-value < 0.01, t-test relative to "all").
B-E Cytoprotective and behavioral effects of NF expression were assessed in PD mice unilaterally injected with NF-AAVs on the right side of midbrains. C-AAVs were injected into the left midbrains of the same mice. TH+mDA neuron numbers in the midbrain (B) and TH+fiber intensities in the striatum (C) of the NF-AAV-injected right sides were compared with those of the corresponding left sides after 8 weeks. Insets of (B), high-powered images of the areas indicated by red arrowheads in the C-AAV (left) and NF-AAV-injected (right) sides. TH+cell numbers, *P = 0.000078, n = 7, paired Student's t-test. The sectioned striatal tissues were immunofluorescently stained for TH, and TH+fiber intensities were estimated from mean fluorescence intensities (MFI). n = 56 microscopic fields at a magnification of 200× each for the left and right striatum. *P = 0.000003, paired Student's t-test. Behavioral asymmetry in the mice unilaterally injected with NF-AAVs (right side) was assessed using the apomorphine-induced rotation test (D) after 4 and 8 weeks. The cylinder test (E) was carried out after 8 weeks to determine left forelimb movement. As a control, the behaviors were tested in PD mice bilaterally injected with C-AAV. *P = 0.028 (rotation test), 0.043 (cylinder test); one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.
Combining MIG1 deletion and NOG2 overexpression in ρ0 snf1∆ cells fully rescues cell proliferation. A plasmid overexpressing NOG2 under the control of TEF1 promoter was transformed into the indicated strains. Serial dilutions (tenfold dilution) were analyzed on SCD plates at 30℃ for 2 days. V: empty vector.
WB analysis of detergent-soluble and -insoluble fractions of HeLa and TRIM16KO cells expressing either (A) Flag-p62 probed with Flag or indicated antibodies. L.E, Low exposure; H.E, High Exposure. Densitometric analysis of WB's normalized with α-Tubulin or Lamin-B1.
QIBC cell cycle analysis based on DNA content and nuclear Cyclin A levels upon DNA damage with and without 0.4 M sorbitol. Cells were irradiated with 2 Gy in absence or presence of 0.4 M sorbitol. After 1h of recovery, sorbitol-containing medium was exchanged with fresh medium, and cells were allowed to recover for an additional 7h. Percentages in G1 and S/G2 are provided.
(A) ELISA of IFN-α production by RM1 BD Irf- cells ± single agent MS275 and poly I:C treatment or 48 h pre-treatment with MS275 (pMS) prior to poly I:C stimulation (n = 6).
(K) Linkage analysis on the six reported SNPs using the LDmatrix tool (https://ldlink.nci.nih.gov/?tab=ldmatrix). Pairwise linkage disequilibrium statistics, calculated on all populations (AFR, AMR, EAS, EUR, SAS), are reported as heat maps of shaded colors corresponding to the indicated gradient of values (red: R2; blue: D'). The specific R2 and D' numbers are provided in Appendix Table S3.
E. Average normalized response of GCaMP6f fluorescent intensity at presynaptic boutons upon stimulation (50 APs, 20 Hz) in hippocampal neurons (DIV21) co-expressing pSuper empty vector, SCRN1 shRNA or VAPA/B shRNAs. N=5-6, n=15-27. F. Average normalized peak response of GCaMP6f at presynaptic boutons upon stimulation (50 APs, 20 Hz) in hippocampal neurons (DIV21) co-expressing pSuper empty vector, SCRN1 shRNA or VAPA/B shRNAs. N=5-6, n=15-27. Data information: Data represent Mean ± SEM; NS: not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, by Mann-Whitney U test.
HO-1 expression on mRNA level quantified by qPCR qPCR analysis based on two independent experiments n = 10-11/group
G - Percentage of total IWAT SVF cells expressing ChAT-eGFP in male (n = 6) and female (n = 9) ChAT-eGFP mice housed at RT or CE (4 h).
Real time PCR analysis of P. aeruginosa specific immune response genes in naive and 1-undecene odor exposed N2 worms. n = 3. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01 as determined by two-tailed unpaired t-test. Error bars indicate SEM. The negative values are arrived at by representing FC value less than 1 as (-1/FC).
F Representative traces of miniature recordings on cultured hippocampal neurons transfected either with GFP-gephyrin or GFP-G375D.G mIPSC amplitudes from neurons expressing GFP-gephyrin or GFP-G375D. Numbers show analyzed cell-numbers. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test.H Frequency of the mIPSCs from neurons expressing GFP-gephyrin or GFP-G375D. The horizontal line within the boxes indicates the median frequency for the represented condition (bottom/top boundary indicates the 25th /75th percentile). Top and bottom error bars indicate the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. Analysis by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc Mann-Whitney test.
(C) Immunoelectron micrograph of S-GFP-p62 stained with a GFP pAb (10-nm gold particle, arrows) and monoclonal CD63 (15-nm gold particle, arrowheads).
ChIP assays were performed using anti-hnRNP-L antibody or control mouse IgG. The promoter regions of GAPDH and Egr1 were used as negative and positive controls, respectively.
B: Topology diagram for SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD; η represents the 310 helix and β represents the β-sheet.
(D) Quantification of the Rango-3 E gradients (top panels) and average cellular Rango-3 E (bottom) oocytes that were treated side-by-side by the injection of mRNA for Rango-3, alongside with buffer (controls) or 2000ng/µl mRNA for RanT24N or RanT24N, T42A. Means ± SDs, one-side ANOVA, Tukey's test, oocyte numbers indicated in brackets.