EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
A, B PPL-C99-TMD (A) and PPL-C99FL (B) were in vitro translated in RRL from mRNAs lacking a stop codon in the presence of 2 μM HisTrx or HisTrx-SGTA and ε-TDBA-Lys-tRNA analogue. Reactions were irradiated with the UV light to induce photo-cross-linking, RNCs isolated and adducts immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-SRP54, mouse anti-SGTA or a control antibody as described in Materials and Methods. Samples were resolved by SDS-PAGE and results visualised by phosphorimaging. C-terminal 40 amino acid residues located in the ribosomal exit tunnel are indicated. "x SRP54" and "x HisTrx-SGTA" indicate cross-linking adducts between the translated nascent chain and endogenous SRP54 or recombinant HisTrx-SGTA, respectively. Arrows indicate unmodified translation products.
Colitis was induced in B6 Rag1−/−mice as described in Fig .A, B Colonic expression of tight junction‐associated genes Cldn3 and Ocln, determined by RT-PCR relative to 18S rRNA (A), were used as measures of epithelial barrier integrity. Sham adoptive transferred B6 Rag1−/−mice (white bars) were used as baseline controls in some cases. n = 5 mice/group. Data represent three individual experiments and are shown as mean ± SEM. *P 0.05, **P 0.01. Black asterisks compare NCK2187 to PBS‐treated adoptively transferred mice, and red asterisks to NCK56‐treated mice.
(L) Insulin tolerance tests and (M) body weights of 1‐mo‐old Con and KO mice on RD (n=3-5). Values are mean±s.e.m. P values are as compared with diet‐ and age‐matched controls. *P0.05, **P0.01, ***P0.001. Con, control; HDF, high‐fat diet; HOMA, homeostasis model of insulin resistance; KO, knockout; mo, month; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; RD, regular chow; Stv, fasted.
(A) Schematic overview for Conv-MAC formation. Bacteria were labeled with C5 convertases by pre-incubation with C5-deficient serum (Fig EV3). Following a washing step (@), convertase-labeled bacteria were incubated with uncleaved C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9 (termed 'Conv-MAC').
(C and D) Additional yeast two-hybrid mapping experiments showing that the binding site of the FIP200 1276-1591 fragment maps to residues 239-246 of Atg16L1. White lines divide images derived from the same plate, and red lines divide images from different plates.
(C) Bacterially produced β-catenin T1 WT, T3 WT, and corresponding alanine ("A") mutants were purified and reacted with Flag-Plk1 WT in the presence of [γ-32P]ATP. Incorporation of 32P onto each "A" mutant of β-catenin was confirmed by SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography analysis.
(H) Example of projection detection by the Filament Imaris software. (I) Mean ± SEM branch point number per process and process length in iba1+ cells obtained with the Imaris Filament software (Student´s t-test).
(C) overexpression of FUS reduces the binding of VAPB to PTPIP51 in transfected cells. Cells were transfected as indicated with either control empty vector (CTRL), HA-PTPIP51+CTRL, or HA-PTPIP51+ either EGFP-FUS, EGFP-FUSR521C or EGFP-FUSR518K. PTPIP51 was immunoprecipitated using the HA tag and the amounts of endogenous bound VAPB detected by immunoblotting. Both inputs and immunoprecipitations (IP) are shown and no immunoprecipitating VAPB signals were obtained in the absence of HA-PTPIP51. Bar chart shows relative levels of VAPB bound to PTPIP51 in the immunoprecipitations following quantification of signals from immunoblots. VAPB signals were normalized to immunoprecipitated PTPIP51-HA signals.
KGN cells were transfected with 200 nM of scrambled control or FOXL2-specific siRNAs for 24 h. Then, KGN cells were further transfected with 20 nM of control miRNA, miR-1236, control anti-miRNA, or anti-miR-1236. The population at S phase (C and D) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Different letters denote statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001; Student-Newman-Keuls test). Efficient silencing of FOXL2 using specific siRNAs was confirmed by western blotting.
(K) Effects of DDX5 knockdown or DDX5 overexpression on the colony formation of gastric cancer cells. HGC-27 or MGC80-3 were seeded into a 6-well cell culture plate and transfected with DDX5 siRNAs (siD-1 and siD-2). The HGC-27 or MGC80-3 cells stably transfected with the DDX5 shRNA (shD) were seeded into a 6-well culture plate. When colonies were visible after 14 days, cells were washed with cold PBS twice and fixed with the fixation fluid. Cells were stained with crystal violet and photos were taken.
Schematic diagram of the ANG treatment model. Mice (n = 8) were treated with DSS for 7 days, and simultaneously administrated with 1.25 mg/kg recombinant ANG during day 4-6.
RPE cells arrested in mitosis by nocodazole (NZ) were treated with DMSO, PLK1 inhibitor BI2536 (100 nM), Aurora-A inhibitor MLN8054 (0.25 μM), CDK1 inhibitor RO3306 (20 nM) or CK1 inhibitor PF-670462 (1 μM) for 60 min, collected and analyzed by immunoblotting with indicated antibodies. Asynchronously growing RPE cells are shown for comparison (left line). Staining for H3-pS10 served as a marker of mitosis (n=3).
K TUNEL assay showing the apoptosis status of the SDL at E60, E70, E90; right figure panels are magnifications of boxed regions in left panels. n = 3. Scale bars = 100 µm.
B, C Cell death measured by lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) (B) and cell viability measured by 3-(4,5- dimethyl-thiazol-. 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (C) in T98 cells 42 hrs post-transfection of pure and interrupted SCA8 repeat tracts; LDH n=8, MTT n=12, n=independent experiments, * p < 0.05, NT not transfected, EV: empty vector; unpaired t test; mean ± SEM.
F: The cell lines were STLC-synchronized in mitosis (M) or left AS, lysed and subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-FAM83D-coupled sepharose beads, before IB with the indicated antibodies. Data information: All blots are representative of at least 3 independent experiments.
(b) We transfected MN-1 AR65Q cells with the 4X-CLEAR luciferase reporter and with BFP-TFEB or BFP empty vector and subjected the MN-1 AR65Q cells to conditions that promote TFEB activation, as shown. MN-1 WT cells were also transfected with the 4X-CLEAR luciferase reporter and BFP empty vector and subjected to the identical treatments for control purposes. Results are shown normalized to untreated MN-1 WT cells expressing BFP-empty. Untreated, F = 182.7; starvation, F = 63.64; NH4Cl, F = 291.9; Rapamycin, F = 3128; ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. **P 0.01, ***P 0.001.
(D,E) Representative and summary immunoblot (IB) detection of phospho-lamin B and total lamin B with the lamin B protein purified by immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-lamin B from human dPMNs that were treated either by PMA (D,E) for 0 or 3 h. Data represent mean ± SD (n=3-5 biological replicates) for E. P*<0.05 between groups as indicated. Comparison between two groups was analyzed by student t test.
B. Transmission electron microscopy images of Xenopus embryos displaying aberrant apical trafficking and docking of centrioles in Ccdc108 depleted MCCs. Orange arrowheads mark centrioles. Percentage of centrioles docked to plasma membrane in each field were scored. At least 7 cells for each sample were counted.
Pharmacokinetics of RK-33 in SCID mice at various time intervals. Results are mean ± SD from 5 mice. LC-MS/MS method was used to determine concentration of RK-33 in mouse plasma and tissue.
(F) IRF2BP1 wildtype and V578A cell lines after knockdown of the endogenous IRF2BP1 were analysed for DUSP1 transcription after EGF treatment by q-PCR (left panel), data show means +/− SEM from 5 biological replicates (left panel), and IRF2BP1 protein levels. As expected, IRF2BP1 V578A is not SUMOylated (right panel). * refers to an unspecific band.
(I and J) QKI-5-silenced A549 and H1299 cells were treated as above. Then, western blot analysis was conducted to examine the protein levels of QKI-5, TGFβR1, p-SMAD3 and SMAD3.
siRNAs specific to the indicated genes were used to treat MCF10A cells, and migration tracks were subsequently quantified (see Supplementary Fig S1A). Shown are means ± SEM of three experiments; 60 cells were analyzed in each case. The results of statistical analyses (two-tailed Student's t-test) are shown in Supplementary Table S1.
(F) Western blot analysis of control and IκBα-deleted organoids using CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
(J) Total cell cycle length of E13.5 control and DKO APs and BPs, calculated from the data of panels (C), (F) and (I) as described in Appendix Methods. Data are means ± SEM (n=4 embryos, 3 litters).
(A) Subjective assessment of hair depigmentation (score 0-5, with 0 = completely black and 5 = completely white) at 2 doses of either CNP520 or the BACE-1/-2 inhibitor NB-360 (mean ± SEM, n=8/group), statistical comparisons were made for every scoring day, versus vehicle using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc test.
E. Venn diagram showing the degree of overlap between genes significantly enriched in CASC3:EIF4A3 EJC and UPF3B:EIF4A3 EJC occupancy as compared to MAGOH:EIF4A3 EJC occupancy.
(d) Effects of HDM2 inhibitors on p53 protein levels and autophagy. WT HCT116 were left untreated or treated with Nutlin-3, RITA and/or the indicated autophagy inducers, followed by the p53 immunoblot or immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize GFP-LC3 redistribution.
(A) Schematic diagram of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and the Spike constructs, Spike 1-1273 (full length), 1-674 (S1), and 319-591 (RBD-SD1) used in this study. The arrows indicate the cleavage sites of furin and TMPRSS2.
(c) Parkin localization at the mitochondria was assessed by immunocytochemistry in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with Flag-Parkin plus scrambled (scr) or Fbxo7 siRNA, following 1 or 3 h treatment with CCCP (10 μM). Cells were scored visually for the colocalization of Flag-Parkin with HtrA2, a mitochondrial marker. Images are displayed for cells transfected as indicated, following 0 or 3 h CCCP treatment. For corresponding images at 1 h treatment, see Supplementary Figure 2c. Nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI. Scale bars, 10 μm.
(D) The BACK domain dimerizes with micromolar affinity. Experimental weight-average molar mass (Mw) from CG-MALS for SPOP mutBTB (black circles) was fitted to a self-association model (see text for details) for BACK-BACK dimerization (black line) yielding a KD of 36 ± 3 µM (average and standard deviation from 3 independent experiments). Fits to the monomer/dimer equilibrium model and to alternative monomer/trimer, tetramer and pentamer equilibrium models are depicted as black solid line and as dashed and grey lines, respectively. Residuals for all models are depicted in the lower panel.
J, K Untreated and MARS/MARS2 knockdown NE4C cells were treated with Hcy (20 μM) or HTL (10 μM), and the N-Hcy (J) levels (n=4) in cells were detected 6 h after the start of the respective treatment and quantified relative to untreated NE4C cells. Error bars indicate SEM. Data were compared using an unpaired Student's t test. nsnot significant, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett's correction was used for multiple comparisons.
HO-1 deficient and control C57BL/6xFVB mice were injected with CoPP three times, every second day and sacrificed 24 hours after last injection. Cytokine and growth factor concentrations in plasma (E - HO-1+/+ n = 5, HO-1-/- DMSO: n = 5, HO-1-/- CoPP: n = 3 mice per group). Results are shown as mean + SEM, two-way Anova with Bonferroni post-test.
Quantification of relative splice site usage of A- and G-type splice sites in (B) (three biological replicates).
Gene-targeting efficiency using Cas9/mClover-LMNA1 homologous recombination assay of (D) siRNA PALB2 cells (n=4, one-way ANOVA) or (E) cells with no PALB2 depletion complemented with wild type and p.M296Nfs siRNA-resistant constructs (n=7, one-way ANOVA). Western blots of PALB2 wild type and PALB2 p.M296Nfs for each condition are shown. Error bars indicate SEM from independent experiments.
(E) Expression level of CD44 in MGC-803 and MKN-45 cells incubated with 20 μg/mL sEVs from MGC-803 or LSD1 KO MGC-803 cells for 48 h.
Colony formation potential of FACS-sorted LSK cells (left panel, N=4 for Chk1fl/+ and N=5 for Chk1fl/- Vav-Cre) and total fetal liver cells (right panel, N=3 for Chk1fl/+ and N=6 for Chk1fl/- Vav-Cre) in methyl-cellulose assays. Bars represent means ± S.E.M.
Relative mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammation in liver of mice fed a HFD for 20 weeks (ASK1F/F n=6 mice; ASK1Δhep n=7 mice (F4/80, Mcp1) or ASK1Δhep n=8 mice (Il-6)).
(b) Experimental values for the EVL advancing front speeds at different epiboly stages (φ angle - top) and at different times (bottom) for wild type controls (blue) and Msn1yolk morphants with reduced E-YSL contractility (red). Experimental profiles closely approach to those inferred in the simulations (compare to (a)).
(D) IDH1 catalytic activity of IDH1 K224 mutants in vitro. Wild-type IDH1 and K224R, K224Q mutants were expressed in HEK293 cells. Proteins were purified by immunoprecipitation (IP), IDH1 levels were normalized for protein, and activity assays were performed. Data information: All results were expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (n ≥ 3 per experimental condition). For multiple comparisons in (D), a one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls post hoc test was used to test for statistical significance.
Representative images (left) and percentage (right) of γH2AX-positive cells per field in DMSO or compound treated patient-derived h676 GSCs. Scale bars, 50μm. Data are representative of 6 (DMSO) and 3 (mTORi, Docetaxel, ERKi, MEKi, RTKi, HSP90i, Gemcitabine, CDKi) biological replicates
(K) Western blot analysis with cell lysates of mock and CHIKV (MOI 5, 24 h) infected control and si-IRGM transfected THP-1 cells and probed with the indicated antibodies.
Differentially regulated H2Bac peaks were analyzed with SICER and significant Fold Changes (FC>1; FDR<0.001) between comparisons are shown for the pathology (TAU VEH vs. WT VEH, blue) and the effect of the molecule (TAU MOL vs. TAU VEH, red). Fold Change is shown as log2 (Fold Change) (X-axis) and significance, as -log10(FDR) (Y-axis)
(A) Schematic summary for establishing 3D in vitro human intestinal organoids (HIOs - grey), kidney capsule matured human intestinal enteroids (kcHIEs - red), biopsy derived human intestinal enteroids (bHIEs - blue) or mouse enteroids (yellow).
D. Heatmap showing changes in the expression of chaperones and proteasome subunits in MCF7 cells during heat shock exposure and recovery (MCF7aTT) as determined by SILAC proteomics.
A. Schematic depicting the experimental setup for in vivo xenograft treatment of MCC tumors with GSK-LSD1 in NSG mice. GSK-LSD1 or vehicle treatment was started 22 days after PeTa cell injection, when tumor volume was ≥ 50mm3
D. Western blotting of samples following ectopic overexpression of HBP1 either alone, or with full-length (FL) or WD40-truncated WDR26 (ΔWD40) in HEK-293T cells. HBP1 levels were monitored in cells treated with MG132 or DMSO for 12-14 h (n=3).
(E) Forcing the interaction of Smaug with activated FU leads to a SMO-independent phosphorylation of Smaug. Mean values of the percentage of phosphorylated Smaug in Cl8 cells coexpressing λN-SNAP-Smaug with GFP-FU, FU-SBR, FUEE-SBR or FUDANA-SBR, with or without HH, as indicated. N=3 (biological triplicates). See also Fig EV4C and D. Note that the levels of Smaug phosphorylation observed in presence of FUDANA-SBR are not lower than those seen with GFP-FU. This suggests an incomplete inhibition of endogenous FU, which may be due to the trapping of FUDANA-SBR by Smaug. See a representative blot in Fig EV3C and a phosphatase assay in Fig EV4D.
Graph represents the number of unmyelinated axons (corpus callosum) per FOV counted from representative EM images shown in D.
(E) Recruitment of p97/VCP to Htt-Q97 is decreased in HOIP KO cells. WT HAP1 cells (control) or HOIP KO HAP1 cells reconstituted with either WT HOIP or HOIP∆PUB were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Data are displayed as mean ± SD and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test, n = 5. Data information: *p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001.
Quantification of subretinal CFSE+F4/80+macrophages on RPE and retinal flatmounts 24 h after subretinal injections of CFSE+macrophages from C57BL/6J, Cx3cr1GFP/GFP, Cx3cr1GFP/GFPApoE−/−, and ApoE−/−mice into C57BL/6Jmice (n = 8-12/group; one-way ANOVA/Dunnett test of Cx3cr1GFP/GFP versus any other group *P ≤ 0.0001; Mann-Whitney U-test, Cx3cr1GFP/GFP versus Cx3cr1GFP/GFPApoE−/− *P = 0.0006).
(D) Genome browser view of the expression and the methylation site distribution in the Prdm1 gene locus of control and Tet2Rank-/-; Tet3aRank+/- BMMs stimulated with RANKL for 2 days.
Representative images of wt and cay1∆ cells grown for 24 h at 30°C or 20°C. Scale bar, 20 μm.
G. Chromatin immunoprecipitation from HeLa cells, showing that knockdown of H2AX ubiquitin ligases can reduce H2AX binding to FRA3B. Cells were treated with 600nM aphidicolin for 24h. Binding was quantified relative to input material. Shown is the average of 3 experiments -/+ SD. The p-values shown indicate the statistical significance relative to siControl (0.0016, 0.0005, and 0.0009 respectively).
Pulldown of biotinylated RNA probes of (A) repetitive GGACU sequences incubated with 4 pmol His-NT-Fmr1 and increasing concentrations of GST-Ythdf and (C) AAACU sequences RNA probes incubated with either 32 pmol recombinant GST-Ythdf or/and 6xHis-NT-Fmr1. Pulled down proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting using α-Ythdf and α-Fmr1 antibodies.
(C, As in A, B except that iBMDM from IKKβ-CXCR3-Cre (flox/flox) mice (IKKβ (fl/fl)) were used. The U2 Small Nuclear RNA Auxiliary Factor 1 (U2AF1) was used as a loading control. Similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.
(A) Schematic representation of microbiotal transfer experiments where recipient mice are gavaged with a suspension of fecal pellets in PBS from donor mice that are either fed a Regular-chow Diet (RD) or a high-fat diet (HFD).
Expression of APG8. A, The lysates prepared from the growing cells were subjected to immunoblotting with the anti-Apg8p antibody. Lane 1, wild-type cells (YW5-1B); lane 2, Δapg8 cells harboring APG8 on a multicopy vector (TK201); lane 3, Δapg8 cells (TK404).
Representative images of cells with GFP-Polη foci used for quantification in (E). The number of foci per cell for each representative nucleus is indicated. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Percentage of miRNA among small RNAs in shERα and shCtrl BM67 cells (mean ± standard deviation; n = 3).
(A) Electron micrograph of negatively stained Ams1 with particles and higher-order assemblies (arrows). Class averages exhibit two distinct two-fold views consistent with D2 symmetry. Scale bar 10 nm. (B) Electron cryomicrograph of Ams1 with particles highlighted (circles). (C) Selected particles (top row) are shown with corresponding class averages (bottom row). Scale bar 10 nm. (D) Fourier shell correlation indicates a resolution of 6.3 Å according to the 0.143 criterion.
D-F: LCMS-based metabolomics for quantitative measurement of NAD+/NADH ratio (D, n=3, technical replicates per clone), NAD+ (E, n=3, technical replicates per clone) and NADH (F, n=3, technical replicates per clone) level in iPSCs.
Expression analysis by qRT-PCR of the indicated Paneth cell markers in Lgr5-DTReGFP ileums (n= 8 WT, 12 HE, 10 KO).
A, dCas9 is separated into a N- and a C-terminal part (AAV-N-dCas9aa1-573-N-intein and AAV-C-dCas9aa574-1368-VP64-C-intein), both portions are fused to the corresponding intein-moieties. Upon co-expression intein-mediated trans-splicing leads to reconstitution of Cas9 protein. Data information: Abbreviations: dN-Cas9 - N-terminal dCas9-residues 1-573, N-intein - N-terminal part of DNA polymerase III subunit alpha, dC-Cas9 - C-terminal dCas9 residues 574-1368, C-intein - C-terminal part of DNA polymerase III subunit alpha VP64 - 4x VP16 herpes simplex virus protein vmw65, TSS - transcriptional start site
G, H Stabilisation of a second copy of DDmyc-PKAc1 leads to the observation of mainly one parasite per vacuole in cells treated with Shld-1 (100 parasites were counted in three independent replicates).
(A) Adhesion assay shows that MCF10A cells stably expressing Δ133p53, Δ160p53, R273HΔ160p53 or missense mutant R273Hp53 adhere more strongly than control cells. Excluding Δ160p53 expression from the mutant background (M160A/R273Hp53) rescued control-cell phenotype. Scale bar represents 200 μm.
Loss of CHE-3 function results in short, bulbous cilia containing electron dense accumulations and abnormal membrane-microtubule connections. Shown are transmission electron micrograph (TEM) cross sections of an amphid channel cilium in wild-type and che-3(e1124) null mutant animals. Representative images of wild-type cilia show intact middle segment (containing doublet microtubules) and transition zone (with Y-shaped links) (left top and bottom panels) regions. Representative images of che-3(e1124) cilia reveal apparently intact transition zones, with visible Y-link structures, but enlarged ciliary ends filled with electron-dense accumulations, which often appear vesicular. The bulbous structures reveal doublet microtubules associated with the membrane, and occasionally ectopic microtubule-to-membrane connections, which sometimes appear similar to transition zone Y-links in the region just distal to the seemingly "normal" TZ structure. Schematics show longitudinal (left images) and cross section (right images) representations of wild-type and che-3(e1124) cilia. tz, transition zone; pcmc, periciliary membrane compartment; scale bars are as indicated in (nm) for
Fig. 2. Spironolactone is the primary candidate recovered from the co-culture screen.(C and D) Spironolactone antagonizes Nrg1-ERBB4-PIK3R1 signaling. In dose-response assays using ERBB4-NTEV-tevS-GV and PIK3R1-CTEV plasmids transfected into PC12 cells, spironolactone was administered at increasing concentrations before seeding Nrg1 type I (C) expressing PC12 cells.
AAV-eGFP (eGFP) or AAV-hTau-eGFP (hTau) (1.13×1013 v.g./ml) or AAV-Y701F-STAT1 (5×1012 v.g./ml) or AAV-Y701F-STAT1 (5×1012 v.g./ml) plus hTau was stereotaxically injected into hippocampal CA3 of 3-month-old C57 mice. After one month, learning and memory were detected by MWM test. (A) The representative fluorescence image confirms expression of AAV-hTau and AAV-Y701F-STAT1. Scale bar, 200 μm, or 100 μm for the enlarged.
FLAG-tag IP assay of BTV-NS3 and WCE immunoblot of 293T co-transfected with BTV FLAG-NS3-, -NS3-K13R, -NS3-K15R, -NS3-K13/15R or -NS3-PPRY/AARH plasmid and Ubiquitin-HA plasmid and probed (IB) for ubiquitin (HA), BTV-NS3 (FLAG), STAT2 and GAPDH expression.
(M,N) U2OS cells treated with 3,4-DC or Torin for 6 h were collected and processed for western blot. TFEB phosphorylation at Serine 211 was checked with the phosphorylation specific antibody (P-TFEB(S211)) and total TFEB protein level was also detected with anti-TFEB. The bands intensities of P-TFEB and total TFEB were measured with Image J, and their ratio was calculated in (N). Data are means ± SEM of at least three independent experiments (* = p < 0.05 vs Ctr).
A Topology and cytosolic C-terminus (210-284 residues) of DHHC2. Lower panel indicates the conserved cysteines (residues 255, 258, 260, and 262) of DHHC2 from six Plasmodium species.
G, H1299 cells transfected with Flag-tagged p53 were treated with 12 μM erastin or untreated for 24 h. ChIP analysis with antibodies against Flag or USP7 was performed. Data information: Bars and error bars are mean±s.d., n=3 independent repeats.
A Domain architectures of APN and the GST-fused 5-mer peptides (GLYYF; GST-P5 or NIPGL; GST-P10).
Representative snapshot from PANC1 cells transduced with the HNF1β-expressing lentivirus. HNF1B O.E.: HNF1B over-expression.
(G,H) U2OS-GFP-LC3 cells were treated with 30 µM 3,4-DC, 10 µM rapamycin, or left untreated for 16 h in the presence or absence of CQ for 4 h. GFP-LC3 dots were measured. Data are means ± SD (*** = p < 0.001 versus untreated; ###=p<0.001 versus CQ).