EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
(C) The O2 consumption rate (OCR) in differentiated beige adipocytes from 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing Vec or HIF1A plasmid. The average basal and maximal respiration rates are shown in right panel. Data information: The data were presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate tests (n = 3). Statistical analyses were performed using Student t‐test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
Representative confocal images of control (CTL-1) and OPA1S545R patient fibroblasts treated with OPA1, DNM1L, or non-targeting (NT) siRNAs for 72 hours and imaged as described in A. Scale bar=20μm. Passage number between P12-14. Mitochondrial morphology quantification of D. Data represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments, (3219-5857 cells per cell line), One-way ANOVA; ****p < 0.0001, ns; not significant.
(G) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of Cd79a-Cre Ikzf1neo/+ Pax5LSL-Jak2/+ (black) and Cd79a-Cre Pax5LSL-Jak2/+ (grey) mice. Statistical analysis of the survival curves was performed with the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test; ****P < 0.0001. n, number of mice analyzed.
D. MS2-RIP followed by qRT-PCR for endogenous microRNAs association with ZNF596. 12XMS2 empty vector, ZNF596-5'-UTR-WT-12XMS2, or ZNF596-5'-UTR-mut -12XMS2 with Flag-tagged MS2 were co-transfected into 1123 GSCs.
(B) Pkd2 localizes to EC cilia in vivo. Adult mouse aortas were stained for Pkd2, acetylated α-Tubulin, and Hoechst to label DNA. Pkd2 localized strongly to primary cilia but also to other membranous structures in endothelial cells. Arrowheads point out cilia. Example cilium highlighted in inset.
Flow cytometry of Foxp3 staining of splenic cells. Histograms are gated for CD45.1-CD4+Vβ11+. Data are representative of two independent experiments with consistent results
A-L VE-cadherin deletion was initiated either in newborn pups (A, B, E, F) by two applications of 4-OHT at days P2 and P4 or in mice at 11 weeks (C, G) and 42 weeks (D, H) of age (three applications of Tamoxifen at 2 day intervals via oral gavage). Ear skins were prepared 6 weeks (A, B, E, F) or 5 weeks (C, D, G, H) after induction and immunostained for the indicated proteins. Shown are MIPs of confocal tile scans (approx. 750 µm x 750 µm) covering 40 µm in depth. White arrows in (F) highlight distorted and partially fragmented lymphatic vessels and white arrowheads denote aberrantly pointed vessels (F). (I-L) Lymphatic valves in the dermis of the ear were maintained for 5 weeks despite deletion of VE-cadherin at 11 weeks of age (yellow arrows in K, L). PEC1, PECAM1; PRX1, PROX1;VR3, VEGFR-3. Scale bars correspond to 100 μm. The data represent wholemount stainings from 6 (A, E), 5 (B, F), 6 (C, G, K, L), 3 (D, H) and 6 (I, J) analyzed animals
A, B. Views of EAAT1CRYST trimer in outward-facing Na+/transmitter-bound state, including N-term helix TM1a'.
C, Histogram (mean, 95 %CI) of fold mRNA expression, CYP1A1 (top panel), CYP3A4 (middle panel) and MDR1 (bottom panel) in LS180 cells with or without (mock) transfected PXR plasmid, HepaRG hepatic progenitor cells (PXR-knockout, PXR-KO; AhR-knockout, AhR-KO; parental control 5F clone) and primary human hepatocytes (HEP) from four donors is shown. The bar graph represents one experiment of a series of experiments (n > 3) performed in four consecutive passages of LS180 cells; n = 2 independent experiments with one well/compound and RT-PCR performed in triplicate for each HepaRG genotype; for each donor hepatocyte, n = 1 well/compound and RT-PCR performed in triplicate. *, #p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. *significant over vehicle control. #significant over the same treatment in corresponding mock transfected or knock-out cells.
(B) Signal tracks of Med8-MNase and free MNase cleavages at the previously characterized UASs of the CLB2 and RPS5 genes. TSSs are indicated by arrows.
Blood glucose (I) and insulin levels (J) with total area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (K) during oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at 17wks of age (WT n=8, TG n=11, TG n=11). Data are from male wild type (WT), Ucp1-TG (TG), and Ucp1-TGxGdf15-KO (TGxKO) mice.
F. Representative pictures of mdx-Control and mdx-CriptoMy-LOF diaphragm sections immunostained with VEcad (red). Data information: Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. Magnification of the boxes is 3.5 x.
Analysis of systemic blood pressure (SBP) (G) for the indicated groups (7 rats in each group). Data information: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical test: t-test (*P < 0.05 vs. respective controls or between the indicated groups
(D) Flow cytometric analysis of hCD45+hCD3+eGFP+ CAR T-cells in SKOV3 tumors on day 18 after tumor inoculation. Mice were injected with 6 x 106 CAR T-cells on day 12 and treated with PBS or CD13-AFR
(B) uORFs and oORFs are widespread throughout the embryonic transcriptome, with a majority of oORF-containing transcripts also containing at least one uORF. uORF-containing (purple) and oORF-containing (orange) transcripts were counted in mouse, human, and zebrafish, and the overlap is shown by venn diagrams.
Expression data (RNAseq) for significantly differentially expressed genes (q-value < 0.05, FDR-adjusted p-value, n=2 biological replicates for each condition). Scatter plot shows log2(fold change) of gene expression data comparing endpoint to initial populations for Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 (grey dots) with the location of the gene in the reference genome as the x-axis. Those genes that are associated with AraC transcription units are highlighted (red dots for Exp. 1 and blue dots for Exp. 2). Above the plot, the transcription units are labeled green if AraC activates expression (in the presence of arabinose) or red if AraC represses expression of those genes.
Histograms derived from the curves presented in Appendix Fig S5 and presenting apparent dissociation constants (Kd) of Siz2∆CT with DNA and its complexes with RPA or RPA∆WH.
Pilus structure (PDB: 5KUA) showing a cluster of charged amino acids surrounding the protruding K140 involved in aggregation. N138 is in light blue, Q122 and K140 in orange and E99, K103, K144 and H149 in dark blue.
C, Validation of selected genes by single cell analysis of GFP-RPA1 intensity in pre-extracted cells. Only S-phase cells positive for RFP-PCNA were analysed. a, b, c denote independent siRNAs; Ctrl, Control. Median with interquartile range of relative intensity per cell is shown, n > 4000. Mann-Whitney: *** p < 10-4, n.s. non-significant. One representative experiment out of two biological replicas is shown.
(B) Cytosol and Golgi fractionations were isolated from the livers of PAQR3-deleted mice and their littermate controls. Equal protein amounts of cytosol and Golgi fractions were subjected to IB.
(D) Cell viability in WT (n=3), HTTSA (n=1), or HTTSD (n=2) neurons measured by MTT assay. No differences were observed between the different groups (3 independent experiments; one-way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test, p=0.5701 Data information: ns = not significant. Data are presented as the means ± SEM.
A-F HEK293 cells were transfected with A. YFP-EML4-ALK V3 K1150M, C. R1275Q or E. F1174L constructs and treated with ALK inhibitors or DMSO for 4 hours before fixation and staining with anti-GFP (green), anti-α-tubulin (red), and DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 10 μm; magnified views of a selected area are shown. B, D, F. Violin plots representing the number of cytoplasmic foci counted per cell from A, C and E. Data represent counts from at least 30 cells, n=3 or 4. ****P< 0.0001 in comparison to DMSO by one-way ANOVA.
(c) Midguts dissected at puparium formation that express Uba1IR (GFP in nucleus and cytoplasm) and stained with ATP synthase complex V (ATPV) to detect mitochondria in all cells. Representative images are shown.
(L) Reprensentative pictures and diameter measurements of human myoblast-derived myotubes after 48h treatment with DFO 100µM (n=3). Scale bar=50µm. Data information: For all data, n represents the number of biological replicates. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired, two-tailed Student's T-test. Data are mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
B. Semi-quantitative PCR of miR-132 and negative control miRNAs in the hippocampus of antagomiR-132-injected mice (ant-132) in comparison to control-injected animals (aCSF and scramble) at six months of age. Sample size, n=9 per group.
(D) Reactome representation of clustering and distribution of the significantly up- and down-regulated pathways in ALSC9orf72 MN.
(B) Root length (averages ± SD, n ≥ 15) of Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to 100 nM Pep2. (*, p < 0.05 in two-tailed tests compared to the differences (± Pep2) from the corresponding values of WT plants. Two independent experiments were combined for statistical analysis.)
SAMHD1 knockdown enhances EV71 replication. The stable cell lines pLKO.1 and sh-SAMHD1 constructed in RD (H) cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 0.1 and 0.05 respectively, and cells and supernatants were harvested at the indicated time points. IB analysis of EV71 VP1 and SAMHD1 in cells was performed with tubulin as a loading control. EV71-VP1 protein in the supernatants was detected after ultracentrifugation.
SUMO conjugation assays performed under multiple turnover conditions using Siz2∆CT and different RPA-DNA complexes. SDS-PAGE gels were stained with Coomassie. Bands for Mw marker are fully annotated in Figure 1B.
B Western blot analysis of PIWI proteins in the locust brain. Tubulin was used as an endogenous control (n=2 biological replicates). The bars represent the mean of band intensity
(C) Administration of calcium chelator BAPTA prevents ER stress-induced apoptosis in EI24 knockout cells. Cells were cultured in the presence of 50 μM BAPTA for 1 hr and then treated with or without 4 μM TM for 8 hr. Percentages of early apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Data information: N ≈ 10000 cells for one biological replicate. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3 or 4 biologically independent replicates). ns, no significant difference; ***P < 0.001; two-tailed Student's t-test
M Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissue the same animals as in (C) after 24 h of Tm injection (magnification × 400). Immune cell infiltration was indicated with a black arrow. Scale bar = 50 μm. Representative images were shown from five animals per group analyzed.
G Immunoblot analysis of LM and HR1 cell lines showing NFIB and FOXP1 protein levels. ERK2 served as a loading control.
(A) (Top) 2D slice through STA transverse view of T. spp. microtubule triplet, with insets showing position of pinhead (dashed green box) and A-C linker (dashed red box). (Bottom) Longitudinal 2D slice of STA centered on the pinhead (left) or A-C linker (right). (B) Transverse view of T. spp. microtubule triplet STA. Microtubule protofilament numbers are indicated, as are the pinhead and A-C linker (only the C-link is visible; the A-link lies on the edge of the volume and is thus less well resolved in this STA -for better view see STA centered on A-C linker in (D)). Prominent microtubule inner densities within the A-microtubule are highlighted (empty arrowhead next to A9, chevron next to A5), as are additional external densities at the A-B and B-C inner junctions (black arrowheads). Double arrowheads point to viewing direction in indicated panels. (C) Longitudinal view of T. spp. STA centered on the pinhead from the viewing point indicated in (B). The pinfeet (PinF1 and PinF2) and pinbody (PinB) are indicated, as are microtubule protofilaments A3 and A4. The average distance between pinfeet elements is 8.6 ± 0.4 nm and 7.9 ± 0.4 nm (N=3 each). Corresponding transverse views are shown below, illustrating the connection of PinF2 with protofilament A3. (D) Longitudinal view of T. spp. STA centered on the A-C linker from the viewing point indicated in (B). Microtubule protofilaments A8/9 and C9/C10 of two adjacent triplets are indicated, as are the connected A- and C-links. The average distance between A- and C-links is 8.4 ± 0.4 nm and 8.4 ± 0.3 nm (both N=6). Corresponding transverse views are shown below, chevrons point to connection.
K-M. 5 days of MI-503 treatment impacts the expression of Pbk at protein level (K) and mRNA level (L), as well as ki67 mRNA levels (M) in human primary islets (donor number is four). qPCR data was from three independent experimets (n=3). **P = 0.0036 (L, 10 nM), **P = 0.0024 (L, 50 nM), **P = 0.0073 (L, 100 nM), *P = 0.0237 (M, 50 nM) (two-tailed unpaired student's t-test). ns, not statistically significant difference.
(B) Western blot showing that K63-linked ubiquitination was required for RQC. Protein samples from UB-WT, UB-WT ltn1∆, ub-K63R, ub-K63R ltn1∆ cells expressing the GFP-R(CGN)12-HIS3 reporter were subjected to Western blot analysis using an anti-GFP antibody to detect the arrest products. Note the accumulation of RQC-specific CAT-tails in lane 2.
(C) Related to (A). Calculation of minimum distances between pairs of FAS molecules as well as FAS molecules and their closest non-FAS neighbors in comparison to random distributions. Whereas FAS molecules are randomly distributed, their binders are not, confirming physical interactions. Supervised picking means that all single-particles were manually picked from the images. Randomized distance means that these manually picked particles were assigned random coordinates in each image (randomization of x,y coordinates considering image borders) and then their distance is calculated.
C. Protrusion (Ps) and cell body (CB) fractions were isolated from cells treated with control-PMO or Rab13-PMO #2. The indicated RNAs were detected through nanoString analysis to calculate Ps/CB enrichment ratios (n=3; bars: mean ± s.e.m.). Note that only the distribution of Rab13 RNA is affected. **: p=0.01 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test against the corresponding control. D. Levels of the indicated RNAs were determined using nanoString analysis from control- or Rab13 PMO #2-treated cells. (n=4; bars: mean ± s.e.m.). No significant differences were detected by two-way ANOVA against the corresponding controls.
B-E Slice (B) and segmentations in three different orientations (C) of a large relaxed plate decorated with many nucleosomes on its right side. Slice (D) and segmentation (E) of a relaxed plate forming a tube decorated with nucleosomes. Data information: Scale bars: 50 nm insets, B-E)
D. A schematic showing ponatinib inhibits multiple kinases involved in the SARS-CoV2-NTD-mediated cytokine signaling.
E TET1 and TET2 RNAi in unmethylated BJAB cells. qRT-PCR for knockdown efficiency (top) and cell-surface staining for exon-5 containing CD45 isoforms (CD45RB, bottom) relative to control-transduced cells.
F. MSD data for MB (endo) and cy3-pre-miR-181a-1 (exo) tracked particles were fitted with an anomalous diffusion model and α thus calculated (red). Total number of particles and axons analyzed: 67 particles, 20 axons (endo), 82 particles, 29 axons (exo). n=3 (endo), n=4 (exo) independent experiment. Values are mean ± SEM. Abbreviations: MB, molecular beacon.
(C) Proteasome inhibition rescues the mitochondrial import of mutant COA7 as well as the biogenesis and function of the respiratory chain.
Wild type Balb/c mice were injected intra-peritoneally with solvent (daily) or 3 mg/kg chlorambucil (daily for 5 days) or 3.3 mg/kg cisplatin (daily for 3 days). Uptake of the apoptosis tracer 99mTc-Duramycin 2 h after intra-venous injection was quantified in selected organs using SPECT imaging in the indicated organs. Representative maximum intensity partial projections showing tracer distribution are shown.
(D) Localization of VgpA (upper panel) or in VgpAL10A (lower panel) in HeLa cells after transfection. EBP2 was detected with anti-EBP2 antibody (red), VgpA and VgpAL10A were detected with anti-VgpA sera (green) and nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). White arrows indicate co-localization of EBP2 and VgpA (upper panel). VgpAL10A localizes
(B) An aliquot of fractions VV and SV was treated with proteinase K either in the presence or absence of Triton X-100 as indicated. Because of the presence of protease inhibitors in the vesicle isolation procedure, an intermediate-sized API degradation product results from proteinase K treatment. The V fraction represents one-tenth of the load of the Optiprep gradient. Proteins were detected by Western blotting. The positions of prAPI and mALP are indicated.
C Confocal images showing the basal region of the organ of Corti cultures treated with medium alone, 10 µM KU55933, 10 µM CDDP or 10 µM CDDP in combination with 10 µM KU55933 for 5 days and immunolabeled for Myosin 7A (red). Scale bar=24 µm.D Histograms representing the numbers of surviving IHCs (red bars) and OHCs (blue bars) for all treatment conditions after 5 days (n=5 cochleae per condition and per time point). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc Tukey's test (*P=0.03, **P =0.004, ***P ≤ 0.0008, CDDPvs. control, or CDDPvs. CDDP+KU55933).
HEK293 cells: (B) Representative immunoblots (of three independent experiments) with antibodies against HA, the 3G10 epitope (for the HS stub) and V5.
E LC3 and WIPI2 were co-stained and imaged using an LSM700 confocal microscope. Arrowheads point at co-localized LC3 and WIPI2 puncta. Scale bar: 5 µm
(B) Graphical representation of the SPOP concentration of each oligomeric species within a 27 µM SPOP28-359 sample. The cartoons' sizes are scaled based upon the fraction present within the total sample.
B Spaghetti plot showing fold change radiance over time, individual xenografted mammary glands (light grey), averaged control samples from individual xenografts (dark grey), average values of control samples from all xenografts (black, red dots), n=12-224 xenografted glands per time point.
(F) Induction of autophagy by the TBD. HeLa cells stably expressing GFP-LC3 were transfected with pcDNA3.1 or constructs encoding the indicated BCN1 variants. After 24 h, Flag‐tagged proteins were detected by immunoblotting and the frequency of cells with >5 GFP-LC3+cytosolic puncta (GFP-LC3VAC cells) was assessed (mean values±s.d., n=3; *P0.01, **P0.001 versus pcDNA3.1‐transfected cells).
(K) Proteome analysis confirms sphinganine-induced disruption of (epi) genomic integrity (n = 3).
WT, Abro1−/− and Nlrp3−/− mice were intraperitoneally injected with MSU (1 mg per mouse) or vehicle (PBS) for 6 h. Flow cytometric analysis of peritoneal cell exudates (B). n = 6 for PBS groups and n = 12 for MSU groups.
Kaplan-Meier curve of 3.5% DSS-treated Ang-deficient mice (Ang-/-, n = 14) or littermate controls (WT, n = 13).
Mapped views showing the RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results of four male genes in DNA replication and DNA repair pathways.
(e) Mitochondrial DNA content was assessed by real-time PCR. Results are shown from six-independent experiments.
A. Representative spinning disk confocal live-cell imaging time series images of U2OS PA-GFP-α-tubulin cells conditionally co-expressing KIF4A shRNA and RNAi-resistant mCherry-Kif4A variants induced using doxycycline. Chromosomes were stained using SiR-DNA. White arrowheads highlight poleward flux of the photoactivated regions. Scale bar, 10 µm. Time, min:sec.
B) Significance values from transcription factor pathway-focused GSEA of GTx-024-treated tumor-free versus tumor-free control transcriptomes. *FDR< 1e-5 was determined for the CTNNB1 gene set, and was set to 1e-5 for the plot.
Vam3 and Nyv1 were tagged with mCitrine and EGFP as shown Fig. 3A but the spacer was extended (S34) by an additional 25-amino acid sequence (SGGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGAAAGG) to the previous short spacer. (B) Vacuole morphology was assessed as in Fig. 3C. Scale bar: 5 µm. (C) The cells were grouped into three categories according to the number of vacuoles visible per 100 cells. Values represent the means and s. d. from three independent experiments.
Fold increase in Oct4-GFP-positive cell colonies in the above cells. Data are shown as mean + s.d. (n=5); ** indicates P-value < 0.01; *** indicates P-value < 0.001.
D. Boxplots of EBs diameter at day 10 of EB formation under M15, CM, and M15 supplemented with Bmp4 conditions. Each boxplot was plotted for more than 10 EBs. EBs cultured under CM or Bmp4 condition were compared to EBs of the same cell line cultured under M15 condition. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.
M, N GlcNAc recognition of FBXO2 required for GAS xenophagy. Non-transfected HeLa WT cells and HeLa FBXO2-KO cells transfected GFP, GFP-FBXO2, GFP-FBXO2 YW/AA were infected with GAS WT for 4 h, fixed, and immunostained for ubiquitin. Percentages of cells with LC3 (M) or ubiquitin (N) -positive GAS were quantified.
I: Quantification of immunoblots revealed moderate and substantial PIKfyve loss in Type-1 and Type-2 CJD, respectively (unpaired t-test). **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001. Error bars represent s.e.m.
(H) Synergy score for combinations of serial dilutions of PI3Kβi (AZD8186) plus EGFRi (gefitinib) tested on six PTEN-null and five PTEN-WT TNBC cell lines for 6 days in three independent experiments. The score was obtained analysing the viability data through the software Chalice Analyser. Mean of the synergy scores ± SD. Statistical significance of Mann Whitney two-tailed test *P=0.0303.
(B) Ndc80-9D is defective for MTOC sorting. The density map of MTOCs along the spindle axis in Zp3-Cre Ndc80f/f oocytes expressing Ndc80-WT, Ndc80-9D or Ndc80-9A. The color represents the percentage of MTOC volume coded from dark (0%) to white (50% or more of the total volume).
(I) Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of transcriptome in gas-1(fc21) vs. wt (top panel) and gas-1(fc21); cest-2.2 O/E vs. gas-1(fc21) (bottom panel) with their predicted consequences on lipid metabolism. In red/green: results from the transcriptome. In blue/orange: IPA-generated predicted outcome of this gene dysregulation. Shades of red and green are proportional to log2(fold change), while shades of blue and orange are proportional to the statistical strength of the prediction (z-score), as calculated by IPA.
Assessment of transcription levels measured by EU labeling assay upon treatment with DHS on hCMs
(F) Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic neuroblasts from squashed brains showing distinct chromosome content. Spc105 was used as reference for KTs. Chromosome content is shown for each neuroblast.
Representative membrane of a mitochondrial protein synthesis experiment. The results were normalized to the gel loading
B. HEK293T cells were transfected with indicated constructs and immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed using GFP specific antibodies and probed for HA-AGO2 by western blotting (WB) using HA antibodies. Endogenous RanGAP and Ubc9 were probed with specific antibodies.
Upon being complexed with sgRNA, SaCas9 confers stable binding to the DNA target when 6 PAM-proximal matches exist. It then triggers sequential DNA unwinding from the PAM-proximal region to the PAM-distal end and samples adjacent to the DNA for guide RNA complementarity. More than 18 bp RNA-DNA matches close to the PAM allow complete R-loop formation and endonucleolytic cleavage of both DNA strands. Afterward, SaCas9 remains bound to the PAM while autonomously releasing the PAM-distal DNA. The interplay between SaCas9 and the DNA is mediated by the post- and pre-PAM interactions, as indicated by the blue and black triangles, respectively.
C Word cloud representing the Gene Ontology Biological Process terms enriched (Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-value <0.05) in the lists of genes up-regulated (UP) or down-regulated (DOWN) upon lnc-SMaRT knockdown. The size of the words correlates with the Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-value.
Analysis of viability of SNU410 pancreatic cancer cells assessed 168 h after transfection with independent non-targeting siRNA (three different duplexes used, siCTRL#1, #2 or #3) or targeting VPS4A (duplexes #2, #4 or #5), VPS4B (duplexes #1 or #2) or both VPS4 (various combinations of siVPS4A+siVPS4B duplexes). Data are means of 3 independent experiments ±SEM. All values were normalized, cell viability of averaged (avrg) siCTRL#1-, #2- and #3-transfected cells was set as 100%. Two-tailed unpaired t-test; ****p<0.0001.
F) CCK8 assay of SNU719 and SNU-4th cells to determine cell proliferation under the indicated culture conditions (10% FBS or 0.1% FBS).