EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
(C) Inner membrane damage of three different convertase-labeled bacteria exposed to buffer (Conv) or C5-C9 (Conv-MAC). Data information: (A-C) Data represent mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. (C) Statistical analysis was done using a ratio paired two-tailed t-test and displayed only when significant as * p≤0.05 or ** p≤0.01.
Western blot analysis of MsrB2 and LC3 I/II in Meg-01 cell after shMsrB2 transfection (72 hrs). Cells were then treated with H2O2 (1 mM for 1 hr) alone or with NAC (100 μM for 30 min). GAPDH was used as the loading control. Quantification and analysis of individual groups. GAPDH served as the loading control. (shMsrB2 vs. shCon; *p=0.024, shMsrB2/H2O2 vs. shCon/H2O2; *p=0.0295, shMsrB2/H2O2/NAC vs. shCon/H2O2/NAC **p=0.0100, n=3)
Figure 7. Model for the function of Ψ42 and Ψ44 during spliceosome assembly. In wild-type, Ψ42 and Ψ44, the surrounding nucleotides, and perhaps the whole BSL structure (Perriman Ares, 2010), stimulate the interaction of U2 with Prp5 (perhaps through SF3b) and activation of Prp5's ATPase activity, resulting in a conformational change and Complex A formation. In the snr81Δ pus1Δ mutant, the absence of Ψ42 and Ψ44 leads to a U2 local structural change. The lack of Ψs coupled with the local structural change negatively impacts Prp5 binding and Prp5's ATPase activity. Consequently, Complex A formation or spliceosome assembly becomes less efficient.
(F) LPS‐pretreated BMMs were treated with 20 μM nigericin and cathepsin B inhibitor CA‐074 Me (10 μM), with (Starvation) or without (Full) autophagic induction, for 1 h and secreted IL‐1β was measured. Data represent mean values±s.d. (n⩾3); *P0.05.
Effect of antimonial drug resistant and sensitive forms of the Ld (LdR and LdS) on on phospho-ERK level. (D). Densitometry analysis was done for p-ERK level by ImageJ and relative values were plotted (C). β-Actin was used as loading control Values are mean+/- s.e.m. and, n=3.
B Recombinant MAVS-Region III-dimer (lanes 1-4), trimer (lanes 5-8) or tetramer (lanes 9-12) were subjected to IRF3 dimerization assay respectively in vitro. Increasing doses of recombinant MAVS-Region III were used and shown in Fig EV1C. Immunoblotting analysis was performed following Native-PAGE for the reaction mixture.
HeLa cells were infected with B. abortus, and then transfected with each siRNA at 1 hr p.i. (A) Intracellular growth of B. abortus within control (blue bars), Atg9-knockdown (red bars), WIPI1-knockdown (green bars), and DFCP1-knockdown (purple bars) cells. CFUs were counted at the indicated time points after infection. Data are means ± SD from three independent experiments. **: p<0.01.
B PCR performed on genomic DNA with indicated primers as shown: o1: oPAP8_rtpF, o2: oPAP8_E3R, o3: oPAP8_rtpR, oLB: oLBb1.3, EF1α: ELONGATION FACTOR 1α, WT: wild type, pap8-1: Homozygous albino plant, Ht: Heterozygous green plant; T: T-DNA, arrowhead: 670-bp contaminant amplification product used as loading control.
F. Representative images showing increased senescence in Rb∆K7 MEFs (arrows) determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay (SA-βGAL; original magnification: 200x; P=0.0395 by two-tailed unpaired student's t-test, n=4 technical replicates
C Fluorescent images and analysis of DNA-induced cGAS LLPS in the presence of the indicated reagent. n = 3 biological replicates. 10 μM cGAS, 50 μM of each ion and 100 nM dsDNA were used in these assays. Data information: Representative images are shown Scale bars, 10 μm. The Partition coefficient was calculated as the total fluorescence intensity of droplets / bulk fluorescence intensity of background Hoechst (blue), nuclear staining. Error bars, mean with s.d. , *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, two-tailed t-test. NS, non-significant. NT, non-treated.
(A) Gene expression profile of 15 inflammasome-related genes in human T cell and monocyte subsets. TPM values were retrieved from a public RNASeq dataset and log2 transformed. Both, rows and columns are clustered using euclidean distance and complete linkage. (Tfh, T follicular helper cells; Tregs, T regulatory cells; Th, T helper cells; CM, central memory T cells; EM, effector memory T cells; TE, terminal effector T cells; CD14+ C16-, classical monocytes; CD14+ CD16+, intermediate monocytes; CD14- CD16+, non-classical monocytes).
A. Body weight changes between WT and TRPV2KO mice treated with high fat diet (HFD) for continuous 8 weeks from 13-week-old.
(b) Proteins associated with different cellular compartments were sequentially extracted and the average of their ratios were compared with averages of remaining proteins.
Analysis of LepB94 translation products on SDS-PAGE. Translation products are visualized by the fluorescence of N-terminal Atto655. Pausing intermediates are indicated P1 and P2.
Cells in early G1 stably expressing nAC-mCherry and doxycycline-inducible ACTN4-SNAP were analyzed by time-lapse microscopy. ACTN4-SNAP was labeled by SNAP-Cell 647SiR dye (green). The white square 3 shows an actin filament decorated with ACTN4 that was analyzed by linescan in Fig 2B. B) Linescan of an actin filament with associated ACTN4 from square 3 in A.
(D) Survival rate curve of the experimental mice during the experimental paradigm.
Schematic depicting experimental design. Mice at 100 weeks (23-months) of age were treated with vehicle (Veh) or navitoclax (Nav) intermittently for 2 weeks. At 104 weeks mice were injected every day with EdU for 1 week.
A CD4+CD127-CD25hiFoxP3+CTLA4+ Treg induction from PBMCs incubated with CVF, CLys and CSN (10µg/ml) after 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h (plots and graphs shown), 120h and 168h.
A-C WISH of fst in FLT3/WT- (A), FLT3/ITD- plasmid DNA injected zebrafish embryos without (B) or with (C) quizartinib treatment (2.5 μM) from 6 to 36 hpf. fst expression was expanded by FLT3/ITD DNA in 86% of embryos (B, arrow, 32/37) which could be effectively blocked by treating with FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib in 83% of embryos (C, 29/35). Data information: Scale bar = 500 μm.
E Co-immunoprecipitation of NB-3 and CHL1 from spinal cord lesion areas of NB-3+/+ and NB-3−/−mice.
A-C qRT-PCR detection of mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 mRNA levels in CCDC50-WT and CCDC50-KO THP-1 cells primed with LPS and then treated with ATP and Nigericin (A), or infected with Listeria monocytogenes at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 and Salmonella typhimurium (MOI of 10) for 6 h (B) or MSU (40 μg/ml ) and SiO2 (40 μg/ml) for 6 h (C) (n = 3 biological replicates). Data information: L.m, Listeria monocytogene; S.t, Salmonella typhimurium; MSU, Monosodium urate; mRNA results are normalized to GAPDH and relative to untreated wild-type cells Data are representative of three biological replicates and shown as mean with SEM (A-C); **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test.
B) M. florum promoter motif determined using the MEME software (Bailey & Elkan, 1994) from the the DNA sequence located upstream the 605 putative TSSs identified by 5'-RACE. A total of 422 sites across the genome were included in the motif. The position of the -10 box (TAWAAT) and the extended element (EXT) is indicated.
D) STELA showing telomeres of POT1WT/Y223C, POT1WT/Puro, and an untargeted control hESC clone that was isolated and cultured in parallel to the edited clone.
(B-C) CAMDI blocked HDAC6-mediated α-tubulin deacetylation. (B) Centrosomal fraction was isolated from cell lysates of SH-SY5Y cells expressing each construct, and Ac-tubulin level was assessed by immunoblot analysis. n = 3 independent experiments. **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001, Two-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
(D) Analysis of embryonic lethality according to maternal and paternal genotypes. Bars represent mean and error bars represent SD. Numbers of counted embryos are indicated in each column. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests: **** p-value <0.0001.
C. Confocal images of control and U18-treated tsA201 cells fixed and stained for OSBP (left), TGN46 (middle), and merge (right). Black rectangles show expanded views of OSBP and TGN46 regions. D. Quantification of OSBP signal in TGN46 regions (OSBPTGN46). Control: n=40; U18: n=39.
(A) Mediator genes that possibly transmit genomic information to size phenotype are chosen by selecting genes whose RNA or protein level exhibits a triangular association among genotype, gene expression and wing size traits.
Immunoblot analysis of p62 and LC3 I/II in KRIT1 wt and KRIT1-KO endothelial cells. Actin was used as a loading control. Quantification of total LC3 on actin is reported (*P = 0.02712). The results are representative of three independent experiments.
BrdU labeling of immature (imm) and FO B cells in the spleen of 3-month-old Prdm1ihCd2/+ mice (red dots) and control wild-type littermates (gray dots). The percentage of BrdU+ B cells was determined for each B cell type by flow cytometric analysis after 10 days of continuous BrdU labeling (day 10, white bar) or after a subsequent 15-day chase period (day 25; hatched bar) without BrdU in the drinking wate
E) Cumulative distributions showing histone acetylation and H3K4 mono- and tri-methylation levels of the genomic regions bound by KLF5. Data are shown for in CFPAC-1 (continuous line) and PANC-1 cells at both TSS-distal (top panels) and TSS-proximal (bottom panels) regions.
MEFs expressing vector, TRPML-1, or GRP1-DD were treated with BSA or palmitate (250 μM) for 3 h and stained as in (A). aspect ratio (O), branch length (P), and roundness (Q) of mitochondria in the cells in (N).
(A) PI3Kγ is expressed by human hepatocytes and infiltrating immune cells in biopsies from patients with minimal to mild inflammatory activity. Triangles point to immune cells (clusters), including some neutrophils known to express PI3Kγ highly. In the negative control, the primary antibody was replaced by an equal volume buffer. The number of included patients, gender, and diagnosis are summarized
SAMHD1 knockdown enhances EV71 replication. The stable cell lines pLKO.1 and sh-SAMHD1 constructed in HEK293T cells were infected with EV71 at a MOI of 0.1 and 0.05 respectively, and cells and supernatants were harvested at the indicated time points. IB analysis of EV71 VP1 and SAMHD1 in cells was performed with tubulin as a loading control. EV71-VP1 protein in the supernatants was detected after ultracentrifugation.
FACS analysis of the induced fusion protein (T-V5-GR-2A-H2BGFP) and Blimp1-RFP reporter. Right: Measurements of Blimp1-RFP expression in three different cell fractions are also plotted on the histogram image.
(F) Measurement of inter-kinetochore distance during mitotic progression for neuroblasts shown in (C). Only KT pairs within the maximum of two consecutive z-planes were considered eligible for quantification. Images were acquired every 20 sec. The graph shows the mean distance between two CID centroids in a KT pair over time (t=0 is NEBD). A linear regression was applied to the data set. Vertical dashed lines highlight the time at which cells overexpressing PoloWT (gray) or PoloT182D (red) reach the average inter-kinetochore distance measured in metaphase cells without Polo overexpression (black) (n≥7 neuroblasts for each condition). Data information: Statistical analysis was calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons. p values: ns, not significant; *<0.05; **<0.01; ****<0.0001. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Scale bar: 5 μm.
(B) Left panel: HEK 293 cells were cotransfected with GFP‐GATE‐16 and each of the Atg4A constructs mentioned in (A). At 40 h post‐transfection, the cells were starved for 2.5 h, lysed in Ripa buffer and 100 μg of each lysate was loaded to 10% SDS-PAGE and subsequently analyzed with anti‐GFP antibodies to detect the transfected GATE‐16, anti‐Myc antibodies to detect the transfected HsAtg4A and anti‐tubulin antibodies as control. (*) indicates non‐lipidated GFP‐GATE‐16 and (**) indicates lipidated GFP‐GATE‐16. Right panel: results from three separate experiments, as detailed in the left panel, were analyzed using NIH image program and quantified as follows: the amount of lipidated GFP‐GATE‐16 out of the total of GFP‐GATE‐16 was calculated for each mutant in each experiment. The value obtained for HsAtg4AWT in each experiment was set to 100% and the relative lipidation in cells transfected with the mutant was calculated accordingly.
(A) Co-immunoprecipitation of the Siwi−Vasa complex in the presence and absence of EDTA. Isolated proteins were subjected to western blotting. n.i.: non-immune mouse IgG.
Western blot analysis of Prdx4, pro-caspase‑1, Gapdh and E-Cadherin from the cytosolic and insoluble cell fraction of LPS and/or ATP-stimulated BMDMs or untreated controls.
A375 melanoma cells expressing GFP, MEK1WT, or MEK1T55delinsRT were injected into immune-deficient mice (n = 8 per group), and after the tumor size of ˜100 mm3 was reached, mice were treated with 30 mg/kg dabrafenib or vehicle. Graphs represent fold change in tumor volume normalized on the tumor volume on the day of the start of the treatment. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.
Survival rate of different BL cell lines upon TSC1 knockdown. Graphs show numbers of viable cells expressing either a scrambled control sh-RNA or a TSC1-specific sh-RNA 3 days after seeding of equal number of viable cells (determined by trypan blue exclusion; mean ± st.dev., n=3 biological replicates).
B. WB analysis of AKT and GSK3 phosphorylation confirming the inhibitory effect of PI3K pathways inhibitors PI103, GPi and synthase kinase 3 inhibitor (GSK3i) in HEY cells.
(F) BI‐1 KO cells were stably transduced with retroviruses expressing BI‐1-GFP or empty vector, and then levels of LC3‐II were assessed over time by western blot after exposure to EBSS. Right panel: as control, the levels of BI‐1-GFP were monitored by western blot. Hsp90 levels were used as loading control. In (B, D and E) mean and standard deviation are presented. Two‐way ANOVA was applied to analyse statistical significance. In parenthesis, the number of independent experiments for each time point is indicated. Student's t‐test was also used in (E) to analyse the statistical significance between each time point (*P0.001). In (B, D and E), normalization was performed as a ratio with the LC3‐II/Hsp90 normalized levels from non‐treated BI‐1 WT cells.
(A) Knockdown of one CCT complex member results in depletion of other CCT subunits. Following siCCT4 or siCCT7 transfection, cell lysates were evaluated by immunoblot for expression of additional CCT subunits by endogenous antibodies for CCT1, CCT4, CCT5, and CCT7. GAPDH was used as a loading control.
(D) Increasing amount of FL-EB1, but not ∆EEY results in a dose-dependent enhancement of HIV-1-VSV-luc infection in transiently transfected CHME3 cells.
Reduced nuclear translocation of NFAT1-GFP in TMX1 or TMX3 silenced (siRNA) melanoma cells. (C) Images show NFAT1-GFP fluorescence intensity before and after stimulation with thapsigargin (Tg; 1 µM) in WM3734 cells. (D) Corresponding time-dependent nuclear import of NFAT1 as a change of F/F0. (E) Normalized endpoint quantification. Same analysis was performed with Mel Juso cells with (F) images, (G) time-dependent nuclear import and (H) normalized endpoint quantification. data are presented as mean ± SEM (n values: WM3734, control=142, TMX1 kd=116, TMX3 kd=148; Mel Juso, control=75, TMX1 kd=47, TMX3 kd=67).
(H) Boxplots of GDH1 expression between primary CRC tumors and adjacent normal tissues in the TCGA-KIRC cohort. In the boxplot, medians, 0.25/0.75 quantile, and min/max were represented by the central lines, the box limits, and the whiskers, respectively. (N: normal, n = 72; T: tumor, n = 534.) Unpaired t-test was used with ***p < 0.001.
(C) ChIP-seq experiments in T47D-MTVL cells expressing HA-tagged versions of the different H1 isoforms in untreated and cells exposed to hormone. The median corrected ratio between +R5020/T0 around the TSS (-475 +400) of the up, down and non-regulated genes is shown. A significant increase of the signal for H1.2 after hormone exposure was found in down-regulated genes compared with up and non-regulated genes. The median-corrected ratio represents the R5020/T0 ratio corrected by the median values obtained from the TSS of non-regulated genes for each isoform. (***) P-values for H1.2 DOWN vs NON: 2.5x10-68, P-value: DOWN vs UP: 8.3x10-72, UP vs NON: 2.7x10-6.
(T-U') Cleaved-Caspase-3 (green, apoptotic cells) and Brn3a (red, RGCs) IF on transverse sections of E18.5 retinae in WT and KO fetuses. High magnifications (T'-T'") highlight an example of a double-labeled RGC undergoing apoptosis (arrowheads) in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Apoptotic RGCs are increased in KO animals (arrowheads in U'), compared to WT (U).
A) Hierarchy of BAX and DRP1 recruitment to mitochondria in apoptotic cells. Confocal microscopy image of U2OS BAX/BAK DKO cells transfected with mCherry-DRP1 (red), mEGFP-BAX (green) and 4xmts-mTurquoise (cyan) to label mitochondria. After apoptosis induction, translocation of DRP1 to mitochondria and foci formation (set to 0 min) was observed before BAX foci formation (5 min later). Zoomed images correspond to crop regions as indicated. Arrowheads highlight co-localizing foci of DRP1 and BAX. Scale bar 20 µm, zoomed images 2 µm.
Morphology of organoids from Lgr5-creERT2:Ythdf1fl/fl mice in Wnt3a-conditioned medium without or with 4-OHT induction and infected with lentivirus expressing TCF7L2. Scale bar, 250 μm. Quantification of differentiated versus undifferentiated organoids from (H). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. **p<0. 01, ***p<0. 001 (3 biological replicates, t-test).
G. Enhancement of global O-GlcNAcylation blocked the serum starvation-mediated increase of interaction between overexpressed LATS1 and Merlin. HEK293T cells were transfected with Myc-LATS1 and Flag-Merlin. After transfection, cells were incubated in serum-free medium with Thiamet G (30μM) and Bafilomycin A1 (20nM) overnight. Cells were lysed and the cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-Myc antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting. WCL, whole-cell lysates.
D Survival analysis of HRD positive patients according to quartile of RAD51NES. Log-rank test, shading denotes 95% confidence intervals. E, Survival analysis of HRD negative patients. Log-rank test, shading denotes 95% confidence intervals.
B Time course of AKT and CREB phosphorylation. Melanoma cell lines were stimulated with 100 nM EDN for 2-90 min. AKT and CREB phosphorylation and expression was evaluated by Western blot. Representative example of three independent experiments.
(B) CD4+ naïve T cells were sorted from Foxp3-IRES-eGFP reporter mice, labeled with cell proliferation dye cell trace violet and differentiated into iTreg cells with TGFβ alone or TGFβ + RA + VitC with different amounts of IL-2. Cells in the cultures were analyzed daily by flow cytometry. The two upper panels show representative dot plots of Foxp3 expression vs cell proliferation for TGFβ alone and TGFβ + RA + VitC iTregs with 100 U/ml IL-2 from day 2 to day 9. The two lower panels show representative dot plots of Foxp3 expression vs cell proliferation for TGFβ alone and TGFβ + RA + VitC iTregs with 0 U/ml IL-2 from day 2 to day 9.
(D) qRT-PCR analysis of the PR1 gene in 4-week-old plants exposed to 1 µM flg22. Data are averages (±SD) of three biological replicates. (*, p < 0.05 in two-tailed tests compared to the corresponding WT values. Relative Ct values of four independent experiments were combined for statistical analysis.)
(A) The expression pattern of FOXM1 in fetal human cortex at GW15. VZ, ventricular zone; ISVZ, inner subventricular zone; OSVZ, outer subventricular zone. Right panels show higher magnification images. Arrows show that FOXM1+cells were colocalized with SOX2+ cells. Scale bars, 100μm (left); 50μm (right).
A. The mutations in CDK sites on Apc3-loop reduces phosphorylation of T532 on Apc1. The purified recombinant WT or a mutant APC/C with mutations at nine CDK sites in Apc3-loop (3-9A) was incubated with APC/C-depleted (ΔAPC) anaphase extracts supplemented with non-degradable cyclin B at 23˚C for 60 min. The APC/C was recovered with Apc3 monoclonal antibody (AF3.1) beads, and the phosphorylation status of T532 in Apc1 was analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with phospho-specific (pT532) or Apc1 (pan-Apc1) antibodies.
B β-gal staining revealed the increased senescent cell population in ATRX-deleted U87 cells. Upper panel, micrographs of control and ATRX-deleted U87 cells processed for ATRX immunofluorescence (IF) and β-gal senescence assay. Scale bar, 200 µm. D, DAPI. Lower panel, percentage of senescent cells. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test.
(A) Wild‐type and HDAC6 KO MEFs were treated with MG132 and immunostained with antibodies against cortactin (red), ubiquitin (green), and phalloidin for F‐actin (blue) as indicated. The arrows indicated ubiquitin‐positive aggregates that were colocalized with F‐actin and cortactin.
(G) Cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fiber transfected with shSCR (scramble) and shTFR1 (n=3-4) and representative picture of a shTFR1 transfected fiber. Scale bar=50µm. (H) Cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers transfected with TFR-pHuji (n=4) and representative picture of a TFR-pHuji transfected fiber. Scale bar=50µm. Data information: For all data, n represents the number of biological replicates. Statistical significance was calculated by unpaired, two-tailed Student's T-test. Data are mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
EE2-driven expression in rostral migratory stream (black arrow) and in subventricular zone (white arrow). Scale bar 760 µm.
J-X Three‐month‐old LGR5‐GFPki, mTerc+/+ mice were exposed to 12 Gy γ‐irradiation. Small intestinal tissue was collected at indicated time points after IR. (J-N) Representative pictures of GFP staining at indicated time points after irradiation. Arrowheads and numbers indicate ISPC positions in the crypts. Scale bar: 20 μm.
(A) Flow cytometry analysis of mdx muscles injected with PKH67-labeled EVs isolated from FAPs of 1.5 month old mdx mice exposed to TSA. The left panel shows the percentage of PKH-67 positive cells in whole muscle. The right panel shows the percentage of the PKH-67 positive MuSCs.
A-C Immunolabelling of γ-Tubulin and SYCP3 during prophase I in control, Plk1(∆/∆) and BI2536-treated spermatocytes. Images are show for pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis in Control (A), Plk1(∆/∆) (B) and BI2536-treated spermatocytes (C). First columns show the double immunolabelling of PCM -PCNT- (green) and SYCP3 (red), and second columns shows γ-Tubulin (γ-Tub, magenta) and SYCP3 (red). Chromatin has been stained with DAPI (blue). Amplifications at 300% magnification for all labellings are displayed for each image. Data for BI2536 represent results for 8h at 100µM treatment on organotypic cultures of seminiferous tubules
(H) Cyclin A2 siRNA depletion in MCF7 and MCF10A cells. The cells were transfected with Ctr or cyclin A2 siRNA for indicated length of time and probed for cyclin A2 levels by immunoblotting.
Protein lysates were probed by western blot with B) anti-SARS nucleocapsid (N) antibody or C) anti- SARS-CoV spike (S) antibody.
G Co‐expression of Ccno and Foxj1 in multiciliated cells of the trachea shown by double staining for X‐Gal and immunohistochemistry using a FOXJ1‐specific antibody.