EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
Fig.Figure 5A, Schematic of the experimental procedure in B and C. B, Western blot analysis for detecting SNCA oligomers. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n=4; one-way ANOVA. Significantly different at p=2.5E-07*, 1.65E-07**, 0.022#, 0.029##, 0.046+, 0.015++, 0.0136&, 0.0016&& in graph B. C, Immunocytochemical detection of p-129-SNCA, associated with SNCA aggregation. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n=6. Significantly different at p=0.0363* in graph C. Bi-FC-based assessment of the inter-neuronal propagation and aggregation of SNCA. (D) Schematic of the experimental procedures with Bi-FC system. E, Bi-FC-based assessment of the inter-neuronal propagation and aggregation of SNCA. Bi-FC+ inclusions (puncta) were counted in E. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n=5. Significantly different at p=0.0446* in graph E. Glial SGK1 knockdown effect on neuronal SNCA pathology. (F), Schematic of the experimental procedure in (G-H). VM-glial cultures were transduced with sh-Sgk1 (or sh-cont) lentivirus. Medium was condition in sh-Sgk1-glia (or sh-cont-glia), and the conditioned medium (CM) treatment effects on neuronal SNCA aggregation were assessed by WB VM-glial cultures were transduced with sh-Sgk1 (or sh-cont) lentivirus. Medium was condition in sh-Sgk1-glia (or sh-cont-glia), and the conditioned medium (CM) treatment effects on neuronal SNCA aggregation were assessed by WB VM-glial cultures were transduced with sh-Sgk1 (or sh-cont) lentivirus. Medium was condition in sh-Sgk1-glia (or sh-cont-glia), and the conditioned medium (CM) treatment effects on neuronal SNCA aggregation and p-129-SNCA immunocytochemical analyses. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n=3. Significantly different at p=0.00003*, 0.0003**, 0.0012***, 0.00004****, 0.0321# in graph G and p=0.0052* in graph H.
DRiPs accumulate in nucleoli of normally growing HeLa cells (see also ).Figure 1DRiP labelling in GFP-NCL HeLa Kyoto cells that were either left untreated or treated with OP-puro (25 µM) for 2 h. Where indicated cells were allowed to recover in drug-free medium (control) or in presence of MG132 (10 µM) for 5 h. Scale bars: 5 µm. GFP-NCL HeLa Kyoto cells were treated as described in A, with the exception that a lower concentration of OP-puro was used (5 µM). The distribution of DRiPs and GFP-NCL was analyzed by STED super-resolution microscopy. Scale bars: 5 µm. Isolation of nucleoli from HeLa Kyoto cells untreated or treated with puromycin (25 µM) for 2 h. Puromycylated proteins were detected by immunoblotting (right panel). The left panel shows the purity of isolated nucleoli by western blotting, where fibrillarin was used as nucleolar marker, FUS as nucleoplasmic marker and TUBA4A as cytoplasmic marker.
Figure 4A. Dimensionality reduction using UMAP. Each dot represents a cell. Colors indicate AC and DMZ. B. As panel (A), colors indicate clusters (C0-C6). C. Feature maps, showing the expression of selected genes in single cells (cf. Appendix Fig. S2). Color scale represents the gene expression value (log1p-transformed counts per 10,000 unique reads) for each cell for a given gene, from low (grey) to high (orange). D. Heat map depicting top 100 hypervariable genes in each cluster (cf. Dataset EV5). Color scale represents scaled gene expression (z-score values). E. Spatially restricted AC and DMZ cell clusters embedded in UMAP of whole embryo scRNA-seq data
Figure 3(A) Expression level of LSD1 (KDM1A) in gastric cancer and non-cancerous tissues from UALCAN datasets (STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma; central band, boxes, and whiskers of the boxplot represent the median, first quartile, third quartile, minimum, and maximum values, respectively). (B) Expression level of LSD1 (KDM1A) in gastric cancer or non-cancerous tissues from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) datasets (central band, boxes, and whiskers of the boxplot represent the median, first quartile, third quartile, minimum, and maximum values, respectively). (C) Overall survival analysis using GEPIA datasets (log-rank test; the solid line represents the survival curve, while the dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval). (D) In vitro limiting dilution assay with MGC-803 and LSD1 knockout (KO) MGC-803 cells (the solid line represents the sphere formation ability curve, while the dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval). (E) Sphere formation assay results of MGC-803 and LSD1 KO MGC-803 cells. Scale bar = 100 µm (n = 3 biological replicates; mean ± standard error mean (SEM); **P = 0.0058; two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test). (F) Expression levels of LSD1, Nanog, OCT4, SOX2, and CD44 in LSD1 KO MGC-803 cells. (G) Correlation between LSD1 and SOX2 mRNA levels analyzed using the GEPIA dataset (Pearson's test). (H) Correlation between LSD1 and SOX2 in 172 gastric cancer tissues (Pearson's test). (I) The mRNA levels of SOX2 in different cells were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 3 biological replicates; mean ± SEM). (J) Stability of SOX2 in MGC-803 and LSD1 KO MGC-803 cells treated with cycloheximide (20 μM) at the indicated times. (K) Relative intensity of SOX2 in (J) (n = 3 biological replicates, mean ± SEM). (L) Immunoprecipitation of Kme1/2 and ubiquitin (Ub) with SOX2 in the presence or absence of LSD1. The cells were treated with MG132 (10 μM) for 8 h before analysis. (M) Reverse immunoprecipitation of Kme1/2 on SOX2. (N) Immunoprecipitation of Kme1/2 on SOX2 (WT indicates HEK293T cells co-transfected with LSD1-WT and SOX2-WT; Mut indicates HEK293T cells co-transfected with LSD1-WT and SOX2-Mut; WT, wild type; Mut, mutant). (O) Stability of SOX2 in HEK293T cells co-transfected with different plasmids (WT, wild type; SOX2-Mut, K42R and K117R mutations; LSD1-Mut: K661A mutation). (P) Relative intensity of SOX2 in (O) (n = 3 biological replicates; mean ± SEM; **P = 0.0055; two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test).
a, Amino-acid sequence of Apg7.figf5a, Amino-acid sequence of Apg7. b, Homology between Apg7 and Uba1, S. cerevisiae E1 enzyme. Black circles indicate a putative ATP-binding site (GxGxxG). The putative active-site Cys residue of Apg7 is indicated. c, In vitro conjugation of Apg5 and Apg12. A cell lysate of Δapg12 carrying HA-APG5 (lane 1) was incubated with an equal amount of lysate from Δapg5 carrying HA-APG12 (2 µ plasmid) (lane 2) at 30 °C with (lane 4-6) or without (lane 7) 5 mM ATP. Samples were mixed with SDS-sample buffer at the times indicated.
Figure 7(A) Double hybrid assay in COS cells transfected with WT LBD, W752R LBD or empty vector (negative control) in the presence of the LxxLL fragment of SRC1. (B) Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of AR-WT-BirA* and AR W752R-BirA*expressing HEK293 cells treated in the presence of 50 µM biotin with 100 nM DHT or vehicle (ethanol) and with or without 0.03 µg/ml TET as indicated. AR-BirA*s were detected with anti-AR (red) and biotinylated proteins with fluorescently labeled streptavidin (green). Nuclei were visualized using DAPI. (C) Heatmap showing the MS spectral counts of high confidence interactors (FDR < 0.05 after SAINT analysis) identified with WT AR-BirA* and AR W752R-BirA* upon DHT or vehicle exposure. Values for three biological replicates from DHT-and vehicle-exposed samples are shown. GRPEL1 and DBT were the only high confidence interactors of AR W752R-BirA*. On the right, FDRs and spectral count averages are shown for the DHT-treated samples. Spectral counts have been normalized to those of AR in each sample.
a) Left, model depicting the multiple cell fates of internalized cells; the arrow thickness represents the relative frequency of events.figf2(a) Left, model depicting the multiple cell fates of internalized cells; the arrow thickness represents the relative frequency of events. Right, images of MCF10A cell-in-cell structures (1, host cell; 2, internalized cell) that show a cell death (top images) or release (bottom images) event. Scale bar, 15 μm. (b) Quantification of MCF10A internalized cell fate over 20 h following autophagy inhibition. Data represent the mean from at least three independent experiments; n, total number of structures analysed; ***P0.007, **P0.004, *P0.01. (c,d) Quantification of LC3 recruitment (c), and cell fate (d), of mixed cell-in-cell structures for which host or internalized cells were treated with ATG5 siRNA. Data represent mean±s.e.m.from three separate experiments; n, total number of structures analysed; *P0.01, **P0.004. (e) Left, quantification of type of internalized cell death after autophagy inhibition. Data represent the mean of three independent experiments; n, total death events analysed; **P0.03. Right, representative images of non-apoptotic and apoptotic death of an internalized cell; the arrow points to fragmented apoptotic nuclei. Scale bars, 15 μm. (f) Quantification of mCherry/GFP ratio of live MCF10A single cells or internalized cells expressing tandem GFP-mCherry-LC3, with or without siRNA treatment as indicated. Data represent mean±s.d.; numbers of cells analysed for each data point (from left to right) 30, 30, 30, 25, 30, 25, 25, 25, 30, 27; *P0.03, **P0.003, ***P0.0004. (g) Quantification of autophagosome and autolysosome area in control MCF10A (n=10) and internalized cell (n=10) cytoplasm imaged by electron microscopy; **P0.005. (h) Representative electron micrographs of cell-in-cell structures (left) and internalized cell cytoplasm (middle and right) showing autophagosomes (arrow) and autolysosomes (arrowhead).
Biparatopic NM1267 competes with ACE2 and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection.Figure 4A Coomassie staining of 1 µg of purified biparatopic Nb NM1267. B Table summarizing the affinity (KD) determined by BLI and IC50 values of the multiplex ACE2 competition assay and virus neutralization assay obtained for NM1267. C Sensogram of affinity measurements via BLI using four concentrations (6.25 - 50 nM) of NM1267. Results from multiplex ACE2 competition assay are shown for the three spike-derived antigens: RBD, S1-domain (S1) and homotrimeric spike (Spike). Color-coded beads coated with the respective antigens were co-incubated with biotinylated ACE2 and dilution series of NM1267 (8 pM to 126 nM) followed by measuring residual binding of ACE2. MFI signals were normalized to the maximum detectable signal per antigen given by the ACE2-only control. IC50 values were calculated from a four-parametric sigmoidal model. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. of three technical replicates. E Neutralization potency of NM1267 was analyzed in Caco‑2 cells using the SARS-CoV-2-mNG infectious clones. Infection rate normalized to virus-only infection control is illustrated as percent of infection (% Infection). IC50 value was calculated from a four-parametric sigmoidal model and data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. of three biological replicates (n = 3).
μLED-based oCI.Figure 1(A) Optically evoked auditory brainstem response in an AAV-CatCh-injected gerbil in response to a 1 ms laser pulse of ~35 mW (mean of 1000 stimulus presentations at 10 Hz repetition rate). (B-D) Catch-eYFP-expressing SGNs in the apical cochlear turn identified by parvalbumin expression (B) and CatCh-eYFP (C). The inlay (D´) of the merged immunostaining (D) indicates the lack of CatCh-EYFP signal in inner hair cells (dashed white line). Scale bar: 20 µm. (E, F) Scanning electron micrographs of a µLED (60 µm × 60 µm footprint) structured on a sapphire substrate showing the non-emitting p-contact side (E) and the emitting side of a µLED (F), transferred onto and embedded into an epoxy substrate. The GaN surface of the µLED has been roughened by KOH etching showing characteristic pyramidal structures (F, inset). (G) Picture of an oCI carrying 16 individually addressable µLEDs with a pitch of 100 µm on a flexible substrate, µLEDs #5 and #13 (from the tip) are active. (H) Radiant flux of individual µLEDs as a function of driving current. The thick line indicates the mean, error bars the standard deviation of the mean. Non-functional µLEDs (which did not emit light, 158 out of 560 µLEDs) have been excluded. (I) oCI inserted into the cochlea (dashed black lines) via a cochleostomy in the basal cochlear turn (black, solid line). The round window niche is highlighted by a dashed white line, the round window by a solid white line. SA: stapedial artery. (J) 3D X-ray tomography reconstruction of a 16-channel oCI implanted in a gerbil cochlea via the round window. Cables and μLEDs are marked in blue, the most apical µLED is indicated by the black arrowhead; the basilar membrane is marked in green. µLEDs have a size of 60×60 µm.
Figure 1Predicted topology of murine SPPL2c. Positions of the predicted N-glycosylation site and critical aspartate residues of the active centre (asterisks) are indicated. Scheme of the two murine SPPL2c isoforms A and B. Epitopes (N-term/C-term) used for generation of antisera are marked. SP, predicted signal peptide. RT-PCR analysis of SPPL2c expression in different murine tissues. Total RNA from the indicated tissues was either transcribed into cDNA prior to PCR amplification (+RT) or, as negative control, used directly as template (-RT). A fragment of the actin ORF was amplified as control. Western Blot analysis of total lysates from testis isolated from wild type or SPPL2c-/- using antibodies against C- (D) or N-terminal (E) epitopes of SPPL2c. Lysates from HeLa cells transiently expressing the SPPL2c isoforms were analysed in parallel. SPPL2c was visualised by indirect immunofluorescence in HeLa cells transiently expressing C-terminally Myc-tagged murine SPPL2c isoform A. For detection of SPPL2c, either anti-Myc or the SPPL2c antiserum (C-terminal epitope) were employed as indicated together with anti-KDEL, anti-GM130 or anti-ERGIC53 as indicated in order to label the ER, the cis Golgi apparatus or the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), respectively. Lysates from HEK293 cells transiently transfected with murine SPPL2c-myc (isoform A) were treated with the glycosidases PNGase F or Endo H as indicated prior to Western blot analysis with anti-SPPL2c (C-term). Deglycosylation of endogenously expressed LIMP2 was analysed as control. N-glycosylation of endogenous SPPL2c is similar to the overexpressed protein. Total lysates from testis of wild type or SPPL2c-/- mice were treated Subcellular fractionation of postnuclear supernatant from murine testis using a self-forming Percoll density gradient. Fractions were collected from bottom to top and subjected to Western blot analysis for SPPL2c. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), Cathepsin D and CD44 were detected as organelle marker proteins.
The 1st generation CAR forms microclusters and immunological synapses in LAT-deficient Jurkat T cells.Figure 4A. Schematics of the 3rd and 1st generation of CAR. B. WT or LAT-deficient (Jcam2.5) cells expressing the 3rd or 1st generation CAR were stimulated on supported lipid bilayers coated with CD19 and ICAM-1. TIRF microscopy revealed clustering of CAR and Ax647-labeled streptavidin-Biotin-CD19. Scale bar, 2 µm. C. Quantification of clustering level of Ax647-labeled streptavidin-Biotin-CD19. Shown are means ± SD. Clustering is quantified as normalized variance. N = 50 cells for CAR 3rd WT and 1st WT, 63 cells for CAR 3rd lat-, and 51 cells for CAR 1st lat-. **: 0.0005 < p < 0.005. Statistical test: unpaired two-tailed t-test.
Figure 3(A) RPE1 cells were transfected with siRNA as indicated, and immunostained for Rab8 (red) and γ-tubulin (green) in either 10% FBS medium (upper panel) or serum-starvation medium (lower panel). Scale bar, 10 μm. Arrowhead indicates Rab8 localized to the centrioles. (B) Quantification of the percentage of cells with Rab8 localized to the centriole Data represent mean ± SD (n=3 experiments), 200 cells were scored per condition per experiment, *P < 0.05, Student's t-test. (C) Cells were transfected with siRNA and immunostained for IFT20 (red) and γ-tubulin (green). Scale bar, 10 μm. (D) Quantification of the percentage of IFT20 intensity at the centrioles Data represent mean ± SD (n=3 experiments), 150 cells were scored per condition per experiment, *P < 0.05, Student's t-test.
Figure 3A-F Mice were monitored over a 24 hr period. Effective mass was calculated by ANCOVA Data are mean±SEM from nine month old mice (n=11, wt vehicle-treated, n=6 Gbeys/ys vehicle-treated, and n=7 Gbeys/ys 144DG11-treated). Vehicle-treated Gbeys/ys mice demonstrate lower respiratory quotient (in the light) (A), total energy expenditure (TEE) (B), and fat oxidation (C) compared to wt controls. 144DG11 treatment increased these parameters (for fat oxidation only in the dark and total time). Carbohydrate oxidation and ambulatory activity, not significantly affected by the diseased state, were increased by 144DG11 even beyond wt control levels (D and E) (note, while 144DG11 increased carbohydrate oxidation in the light (D), p was only <0.06). 144DG11 also reversed the decrease in meal size and water sip volume observed in Gbeys/ys mice as compared to wt control (F). Data information: *p<0.05 v wt controls, #p<0.05 v Gbeys/ys vehicle treated mice. Statistical differences were determined by two-tailed t-tests. (G) Blood metabolic panel based on n=3, 9.5 month old mice treated as indicated. Blood glucose was increased and blood triglycerides decreased in Gbeys/ys cells by 144DG11 (p<0.05).
HXT2 mRNA enrichment in the bud depends on Kar9 and nuclear segregation.Figure 5A RNA degradation is not essential for asymmetric HXT2 mRNA localization. FISH of wild-type and ∆xrn1 cells. B The cytoskeleton contributes to HXT2 mRNA enrichment in the bud. Cells were treated upon glucose addition with either 120 mg/ml benomyl for 15 min, 30 mg/ml latrunculin A for 30 min or 200 µM CK-666 for 30 min. HXT2 mRNA was detect by FISH. C Asymmetric loading of HXT2 mRNA onto the nuclear envelope and enrichment in the bud requires Kar9 but not Bim1 function. HXT2 mRNA FISH with ∆bim1 and ∆kar9 strains. Arrows point to a nucleus with HXT2 signal. D Quantification of the daughter cell enrichment from data displayed in (C). E Quantification of the HXT2 mRNA signal in cells with two nuclei in the mother cell from the experiment depicted in (C). Percentage of cells with asymmetric HXT2 mRNA staining is displayed.
WASH deficiency causes embryonic lethality and extensive autophagy.Figure 1(A) Strategy to generate WASH‐knockout (WASH−/−) mice. The coding exons of mWASH gene were shown as white boxes. The target vector with exon3 of mWASH gene was flanked with two loxP sites (arrow) and one neomycin resistance gene. The primers used for genotyping were KO primers for deficient genotypes, loxP primers for loxP site identification, and Southern blot probe for floxed mWASH gene. KO, knockout, m, mouse. (B) Detection of WASH gene targeting. The floxed WASH gene by gene targeting was analysed by Southern blotting (left panel) and PCR (middle panel). The genotypes of the offspring were analysed by PCR (right panel). (C) WASH deficiency is embryonic lethal. E11.5 of WASH deficiency showed a shrinked decidua. (D) Histology analysis of E7.5 WASH+/+ and WASH−/−embryos. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) WASH‐deficient embryos do not undergo apoptosis. TUNEL assay was performed for apoptosis detection. PI, propidium iodide. FITC, fluoresceinisothiocyanate. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) E7.5embryos of WASH−/−mice present extensive autophagy. Ultrastructure of isolated E7.5embryos was stained with antibody against LC3 and visualized by immuno‐electron microscopy. Black arrowhead indicates autophagosome. *, Cellular reference. Scale bar, 500 nm (upper panel). WASH+/+ or WASH−/−embryos were isolated, and LC3 conversion and p62 level were analysed by immunoblotting (lower panel). Bands were quantified and analysed by Image J and shown as means±s.d. ***P0.001. Above experiments were repeated for three independent times with similar results.Source data for this figure is available on the online supplementary information page.
Involvement of zipper‐interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) and myosin II in starvation‐induced autophagy.Figure 6(A) MCF7/GFP-LC3 cells stably infected with lentivirus expressing control (shLuc), ZIPK, or non‐muscle myosin heavy chain‐IIA (NMHC‐IIA) shRNA were cultured in nutrient‐rich medium (DMEM) or starvation medium (Earle's balanced salt solution; EBSS) in the presence or absence of lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) for 2 h. Depletion of ZIPK and NMHC‐IIA markedly inhibited starvation‐induced GFP-LC3 puncta formation. Quantification of the number of GFP-LC3 dots per cell (lower panel) was shown (data are represented as mean±s.e. of 100 cells, ***P0.001). (B) Cells as in (A) were cultured in nutrient‐rich medium (F) or EBSS (S) with or without BafA1 for 2 h. Effects of ZIPK and NMHC‐IIA knockdown on starvation‐induced GFP-LC3 conversion were assessed by immunoblotting with anti‐LC3, anti‐ZIPK, anti‐NMHC‐IIA, and anti‐tubulin antibodies. The relative ratio of LC3II/LC3I is shown at the right panel. Data are mean±s.e. of triplicates.
Figure 7A. All SGNs of Wrbfl/fl:CreA mice had spontaneous firing rates (SR) below 20 Hz (p>0.05, Kolmogorow-Smirnov test). B. Representative tuning curves from Wrbfl/fl:CreA and Wrb+/+:CreA SGNs indicating preserved active cochlear amplification despite disruption of Wrb in IHCs. C. Normal thresholds at the characteristic frequency (CF) in Wrbfl/fl:CreA SGNs. D-D''. Mean poststimulus time histograms (PSTH) ± SEM of Wrbfl/fl:CreA and Wrb+/+:CreA SGNs in response to 50 ms tone bursts presented at CF, 30 dB above threshold at stimulus rates of 2 Hz (D), 5 Hz (D'), or 10 Hz (D''). While the general response pattern was preserved, spike rates were drastically reduced in Wrbfl/fl:CreA SGNs, especially at higher stimulus rates. Data from auditory neurons (SGN and cochlear nucleus) of OtofPga/Pga animals were replotted for direct comparison from (Pangrsic et al, 2010). E. Spike rates in response to sound onset (maximum rate in PSTH with 0.5 ms binwidth) and adapted rates (averaged between 35-45 ms after stimulus onset) were significantly lower in Wrbfl/fl:CreA SGNs (stimulus rate 5 Hz; p<0.001). F. In line with the reduction in spike rates, first spike latency (FSL) following stimulus onset was greatly increased in Wrbfl/fl:CreA SGNs compared to Wrb+/+:CreA (stimulus rate 5 Hz; p<0.001). G. Illustration of the stimulus paradigm for forward masking experiments: a 100 ms masker tone presented at CF, 30 dB above threshold was followed by a silent interval of variable duration and a 15 ms probe tone (CF, 30 dB above threshold). Bottom: in Wrbfl/fl:CreA SGNs, the response to the first 5 ms of the masker probe tone tone (shown as a fraction of the response to the first 5ms of the masker) was strongly reduced, and the half time of recovery (from normalized curves) was increased from 39.2 ± 12.2 ms in Wrb+/+:CreA to 215.7 ± 51.2 ms in Wrbfl/fl:CreA SGNs (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Data represent means ± SEM.
Phenotype of the Hap2 accession overexpressing SlHAK20Hap1.Figure 6A The transcript levels of SlHAK20 in TS-670 and three independent SlHAK20Hap1-YFP transgenic lines grown under normal growth conditions. B The protein levels of SlHAK20Hap1-YFP in TS-670 and transgenic plants. ACTIN was used as loading control. Phenotypes of transgenic lines in soil under salt stress. The survival rates were obtained from at least 8 plants in four repeated experiments 38-day-old plants grown in soil as control. 20-day-old TS-670 and Hap1OE-1 to -3 were treated with 175 mM NaCl for 3 weeks and recovered for 2 weeks The Na+ in shoots and roots of TS-670 and three independent SlHAK20Hap1-YFP transgenic lines during salt stress. The 21-day-old TS-670, Hap1OE-1, Hap1OE-2 and Hap1OE-3 plants grown in 0.25× Hoagland which were then treated with 50 mM NaCl for additional 0 and 7 days. The K+ in shoots and roots of TS-670 and three independent SlHAK20Hap1-YFP transgenic lines during salt stress. The 21-day-old TS-670, Hap1OE-1, Hap1OE-2 and Hap1OE-3 plants grown in 0.25× Hoagland which were then treated with 50 mM NaCl for additional 0 and 7 days. The Na+/K+ ratio in shoots and roots of TS-670 and three independent SlHAK20Hap1-YFP transgenic lines during salt stress. The 21-day-old TS-670, Hap1OE-1, Hap1OE-2 and Hap1OE-3 plants grown in 0.25× Hoagland which were then treated with 50 mM NaCl for additional 0 and 7 days.