The MCMV m152 protein specifically targets STING-dependent signaling (A) 293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids for Cherry-STING, the murine IFNβ-luciferase reporter (IFNβ-Luc), a Renilla luciferase normalization control (pRL-TK) and the indicated expression plasmids or empty vector (ev).Figure 1(A) 293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids for Cherry-STING, the murine IFNβ-luciferase reporter (IFNβ-Luc), a Renilla luciferase normalization control (pRL-TK) and the indicated expression plasmids or empty vector (ev). Cells were additionally co-transfected with expression plasmids for cGAS-GFP (stimulated) or IRES-GFP (unstimulated). 20 hours post transfection, cells were lysed and a dual-luciferase assay was performed. Data information: (A-G) Data is combined from three independent experiments. (B) An expression plasmid for RIG-I N (stimulated) or ev (unstimulated) was co-transfected with IFNβ-Luc, pRL-TK and the indicated expression plasmids in 293T cells and analyzed as in (A). Data information: (A-G) Data is combined from three independent experiments. (C) An expression plasmid for TBK1 (stimulated) or ev (unstimulated) was co-transfected together with IFNβ-Luc, pRL-TK and the indicated expression plasmids and analyzed as in (A). Data information: (A-G) Data is combined from three independent experiments. (D) 293T cells were co-transfected with a plasmid expressing constitutively active IRF3 (IRF3-5D; stimulated) or IRES-GFP (unstimulated) together with IFNβ-Luc, pRL-TK and the indicated expression plasmids and analyzed as in (A). Data information: (A-G) Data is combined from three independent experiments. (E) The ISG56-luciferase reporter, pRL-TK and the indicated expression plasmids were co-transfected in 293T cells. 24 hours post transfection, cells were stimulated with 0.1 ng/µl human IFNβ or mock stimulated and analyzed 16 hours later as described in (A). Data information: (A-G) Data is combined from three independent experiments. (F-G) iMEFgt/gt stably expressing Cherry-STING and either ev or V5-tagged m152 were stimulated with 5 µg/ml ISD (F), 10 µg/ml poly(I:C) (G) or mock stimulated with Lipofectamine. 4 hours post stimulation, RNA was extracted to determine IFNβ mRNA transcripts by qRT-PCR. Data information: (A-G) Data is combined from three independent experiments. (H-K) iBMDM stably expressing ev or m152-V5 were stimulated in duplicates with 10 µg/ml cGAMP (H), 6 (H) or 16 (I-K) hours later, secreted IFNβ (H-J) levels were determined by ELISA. (H-K) Experiments were performed three (H, I, K) or two (J) times independently and one representative experiment is shown. Student's t-test (unpaired, two-tailed), n.s. not significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Data are shown as mean ± SD. (H-K) iBMDM stably expressing ev or m152-V5 were stimulated in duplicates with 5 µg/ml ISD (I), 6 (H) or 16 (I-K) hours later, secreted IFNβ (H-J) levels were determined by ELISA. (H-K) Experiments were performed three (H, I, K) or two (J) times independently and one representative experiment is shown. Student's t-test (unpaired, two-tailed), n.s. not significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Data are shown as mean ± SD. (H-K) iBMDM stably expressing ev or m152-V5 were stimulated in duplicates with Newcastle's Disease Virus (NDV) infection (J) 6 (H) or 16 (I-K) hours later, secreted IFNβ (H-J) levels were determined by ELISA. (H-K) Experiments were performed three (H, I, K) or two (J) times independently and one representative experiment is shown. Student's t-test (unpaired, two-tailed), n.s. not significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Data are shown as mean ± SD. (H-K) iBMDM stably expressing ev or m152-V5 were stimulated in duplicates with µM CpG DNA (K). 6 (H) or 16 (I-K) hours later, TNFα (K) levels were determined by ELISA. (H-K) Experiments were performed three (H, I, K) or two (J) times independently and one representative experiment is shown. Student's t-test (unpaired, two-tailed), n.s. not significant, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Data are shown as mean ± SD.