EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
D) srd-1 mutant males rescued with Ce-srd-1 cDNA showed lower responsiveness than those rescued with Cre-srd-1 cDNA, which indicates that sex pheromone perception ability depends primarily on the protein coding region and not the regulatory sequences in the promoter. The sex pheromone perception defect of srd-1 mutants was not rescued in males expressing CT-truncated SRD-1 proteins. The findings show that the CT region is essential for sex pheromone perception. Data information: We assayed 400 males from each wild-type strain in the sex pheromone chemoattraction assay. Two biological replicates were combined into a single value. Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction: ***P<0.001. Mean ± SEM (error bars) are shown.
C, D) Neurons from Nrg3-/-;ErbB4-/-;vGAT-Cre mice were transduced with a lentivirus expressing either (C) ErbB4wt or (D) ErbB4kd (kinase dead ErbB4) in a Cre-dependent manner, and with a second virus at a low titer expressing Nrg3/SypCFP. Immunocytochemical analysis of ErbB4 and SypCFP; (C,C') and (D,D') each show the same image, (C',D') show the SypCFP signal
I. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of 293T cells transfected with indicated combinations of vector for myc-TBK1, flag-RKIP, flag-S109A, flag-S109D and HA-GSK3β or flag-GFP.
A. Superposition of MID-PIWI lobes from seed-only (gray) and seed plus supplementary-paired (colored) structures shows only the PIWI Loop changes substantially between upon supplementary interactions (RNAs not shown for clarity).
(G) Mass spectrometry analysis of phosphorylated residues in ATXN1 F3 after in vitro kinase assay with RSK3.
(J) Quantification of IL6 expression in ATs and endothelial cells from a pair of otherwise identical LoCs (n=2 biological replicates) analyzed at 1 and 3 dpi, respectively. Plots show the total number of spots normalized by the number of cells in 4-6 fields of view (technical replicates) detected using RNAscope assay using identical imaging conditions for all chips. Bars represent the mean value, the solid line represents the median, and error bars represent the standard deviation. Data from uninfected controls for 3 days at air-liquid interface is indicated by 'C'. Data information: The bar represents the mean, and the error bars the standard deviation. P-values are calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA Test, * represents p≤0.05, ** represents p≤0.01, ** represents p≤0.001.
A Quantification of IRF5 and IFNB1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) COVID-19 patients (A).
(B) Quantitation of the prevalence of Tollip clusters in HEK293 WT or Tom1 KO cells treated with AO for 2 hours. The percentage of cells with vesicular clusters were quantified from an average of 50 cells for each condition from 5 independent experiments.
Cytometric analysis of cells extracted from pooled olfactory bulbs from the same groups.
(g) Maximum dP/dt was examined using cardiac catheterization with graded a dobutamine infusion (n=5 per group).
(E) Relative mRNA level of sinhcaf in bud stage WT and MZsinhcaf -/- mutant embryos as measured by RT-qPCR. Data shown are mean ± SEM (n = 3, biological replicates). Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test.
(F) Fractionation analysis of NF-κB in XO8 GSCs and XO8 DFCs treated with 50 nM MG132 for 17 hrs. PARP1 and tubulin were used as markers for the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively.
(e) Purified reformation tubules were stained with antibodies against AP4 and LAMP1. Scale bar, 2 μm. The bottom row shows enlarged regions of interest from the top panel.
(D) Representative wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining of cross section of left ventricles. Scale bar: 10μm.
B. Average profile for H3K27me3, H2A.Z, H3K4me3 and H3K23ac at HVGs (blue), LVGs (green) and random genes (grey). C. Heatmap of the enrichment for H3K27me3, H2A.Z, H3K4me3 and H3K23ac for HVGs (top), random genes (middle) and LVG (bottom). Red means a high level and blue means a low level for the chromatin marks.
(A) CP20 and OVCAR4 cells were transfected with either non-target miRNA control (miR-CTL), miR-15a, or miR-195. 72h following transfection, cells were lysed and immunoblotted for detection of MICU1, BMI1, BCL2, and MFN2. GAPDH and VDAC were used as loading control.
AnnV-Glo assay from IFNγ-primed primary human MDMs transfected with siRNA against CASP8, CASP10 and non-targeting control (CTRL) and infected with type I or type II Tg. Area under the curve (AUC) from real-time assays similar to those in (B) are plotted from n = 4 independent experiments. Matched shapes and color of symbols indicate donors.
(G) EI24 binds to the kinase domain of IRE1. HeLa cells transfected with the indicated IRE1 domains were analyzed for protein-protein interactions by IP. FL, full-length.
mRNA expression profiles of Park2 and Ucp1 during differentiation. (n=3). Data are presented as means ±s.e.m. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared to day (d) 4. Two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test.
(d) 16HBE cells were transfected with control siRNA or siSOS1, and incubated for 4 days. Cell lysates were analysed by western blotting for SOS1, pERK and total ERK.
(D-F) Immunostaining of germaria from 7 day-old females with anti-Vasa or anti-GFP (green) and anti-Hts (red). DAPI (blue) was used to visualize DNA. aubHN2/QC42; nos-Gal4/+ was used as a negative control. Examples of rescue in aubHN2/QC42; nos-Gal4/UASp-GFP-Aub germarium (E), and of lack of rescue in aubHN2/QC42; nos-Gal4/UASp-GFP-AubAA germarium (F). White arrowheads indicate GSCs; white arrows indicate GSC loss in (D) and germ cell loss in (F). Scale bar: 10 μm in A, B and D-F.
D. Kaplan-Meier curve of GSK-LSD1 (n = 9) or vehicle-treated (n = 8) mice. Mice were sacrificed when tumors reached a volume ≥ 1.5cm3 or the greatest dimension was ≥ 1.5cm. Red arrow: start of therapy, day 22. ****p < 0.0001 (log-rank Mantel-Cox test)
E) Human CSF2 mRNA expression in CD4 TN and CD4 TM stimulated for 2 hrs with PMA/I.
Recycled levels of BACE1 after 20 min of HA antibody pulse in HA-BACE1-mCherry-transfected WT and KO neurons, co-expressing either eGFP-RAB4 or eGFP-RAB4-S22N, calculated as the HA(recycled)/mCherry(total) signal intensity ratio (WTRAB4: 0.14±0.02, KORAB4: 0.20±0.02, WTRAB4-S22N: 0.14±0.02, KORAB4S22N:0.14±0.01, pWTRAB4 vs pKORAB4=0.033, pKORAB4 vs pKORAB4S22N=0.035, pWTRABS22N vs pKORABS22N=0.999, pWTRAB4 vs pWTRAB4S22N>0.999, 34-38 neurons, N=4 biological replicates). Scale bar: 5 µm. Data information: All graphs show mean ± SEM, statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA in n.s.-non-significant. * indicates p≤0.05, ** indicates p≤0.01, *** indicates p≤0.001.
Panel A shows R2 and AIC for different regression models, using either only Aβ PET ("A"), only tau PET ("T(I-VI)"), both Aβ and tau PET ("A+T"), or both Aβ and tau PET including their interaction term ("AxT"). All models included age and sex as covariates. The panel shows adjusted R2, together with AIC (above the bars) for each model. We compared R2 between the models using a bootstrap procedure (N=1000 iterations), verifying that the R2 for the "AxT" model was higher than for the "A+T" model (∆R2=0.026, 95% CI 0.010-0.058), the "T(I-VI)" model (∆R2=0.17, 95% CI 0.11-0.26) and the "A" model (∆R2=0.14, 95% CI 0.060-0.22).
An in vitro NK cell cytotoxicity assay was performed. Human NKL cells were used as effector cells, and mouse pancreatic cancer BMFA3 cells were used as target cells in normal DMEM (control), conditioned medium collected from TGFβ (30 ng/ml)-treated human pancreatic CAFs (CAF-PC2; CAF TGFβ-CM), CAF TGFβ-CM + IL-6 antibody (100 ng/ml) or normal DMEM + TGFβ (TGFβ). Living cells were labeled with CFSE, and dead cells were labeled with 7-AAD. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity percentage was calculated using the formula (7-AAD positive cells %) / (7-AAD positive cells % + CFSE positive cells %) x 100%. n = 4/group, P values by t test are shown.
MISTRG mice were reconstituted or not at birth with ~200.000 human CD34+ cord blood HSPCs, and subcutaneously transplanted with 10x106 U-2932 cells at six weeks of age. The reconstitution efficiency (frequency of human among all human and mouse CD45+ leukocytes) is shown in A
f, The protein levels of total and acetylated histone H3 were determined in anti-histone H3 immunoprecipites of A549 cells by Western blotting. Data information: Each experiment was repeated at least three times.
C prp8-7 leaky mutant displays similar AS events as observed in RNAi-ASCO. Quantification of ESP isoforms splicing index by RT-qPCR.
C: Top: Basal area (black line) and myosin fluorescent intensity (green line) as a function of time for a separate cell. Inset: Temporal CF of the area and the myosin fluorescent intensity (blue) and the area change rate and the myosin fluorescent intensity (magenta). Bottom: Kymograph of the GFP-myo intensity along the cell outline.
(B) Diagram of proposed reactions and their regulation. S7P accumulates during carbon starvation due to low level of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (GAP). Oxidative stress blocks GAP consumption via glycolysis by inhibiting GAPDH. This provides sufficient GAP to react with S7P, producing F6P via transaldolase. F6P is further converted to G6P which enters the oxidative PPP. The resulting NADPH is utilized for regeneration of reduced glutathione. 1,3‐DPG, 1,3‐diphosphoglycerate; GSSG, glutathione disulfide; GSH, reduced glutathione.
(E, F) The same setting shown in (C, D) was performed with U2OS cells and FYVE-RFP (mean values±s.d., n=3; *P0.01, **P0.001 versus control cells).
(A) Comparative permissiveness of various organs from B6.K18-hACE2IP-THV and B6.K18-ACE22prlmn/Jax transgenic mice (n = 5-6/group) to SARS-CoV-2 replication, as determined at 3 dpi by conventional E-specific or sub-genomic Esg-specific qRT-PCR. Red lines indicate the qRT-PCR limits of detection. (B) Comparative quantitation of hACE-2 mRNA in the lungs and brain of B6.K18-hACE2IP-THV and B6.K18-ACE22prlmn/Jax transgenic mice (n = 5-6/group). Data information: Statistical significance was evaluated by Mann-Whitney test (*= p < 0.05, **= p <0.01, ns = not significant).
Albumin-cre mice were crossed with KLF10flox/flox to generate hepatocyte-specific KLF10 knockout mice (KLF10hep-/-). Then, 8-week-old male KLF10hep-/- mice and KLF10flox/flox were treated with WD/CCl4 for 12 weeks. KLF10flox/flox mice were used as the control (Ctrl). n=5 per group. (H) Quantitative results of Sirius red staining. Data information: * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001. Results are shown as mean ± SD. Student's t test
(d) 293T cells were cotransfected with Flag-PI(3) KC3 and either wild-type Bif-1, Bif-1ΔSH3 or control empty vector for 24 h and subjected to an in vitro PI(3) KC3 kinase assay (mean ± s.d.; n = 3).
A Microarray analysis of IL-33 treated BM-derived eosinophils. Eosinophils from Dusp5+/+ and Dusp5-/- mice were treated for 4 hours with IL-33 (50 ng/ml). Total RNA from independent BM-derived eosinophils cultures derived from 5 mice for each genotype was quantitated by microarray analysis. Genes differentially up- (24 genes) or down-regulated (62 genes) in Dusp5+/+ compared to Dusp5-/- eosinophils by >1.5-fold with a P value <0.05 are highlighted in red or blue, respectively.
(B) Schematic of the experimental procedure for in vivo spine morphology analysis in C and D. Representative images of somatosensory cortical layer 5 neurons and a high magnification image of a secondary dendrite are shown. Scale bar, 100 μm in the brain section (black) and 10μm in the dendrite segment (white).
(B) Time-lapse images of HeLa GFP-Parkin cells expressing mCherry-NDP52 under valinomycin treatment. The images are representative of five independent experiments and correspond to the boxed regions of Figure 2A and Movie EV 2. Cyan, GFP-Parkin; magenta, mCherry-NDP52. The white arrowheads indicate colocalization of GFP-Parkin and mCherry-NDP52. The yellow arrowheads indicate mCherry-NDP existing inside GFP-Parkin ring structures
B. Histogram representing R square of correlation analysis between absolute quantitation of 24, 25 and 27-hydroxycholesterol and label free quantitation of APOE in a cohort of primitive (A375, IPC298) and metastatic (SKMEL5, SKMEL28) melanoma cell lines.
I-J, Tumour growth in mice bearing KPC tumours mice receiving 10Gy IR + systemic aPD-L1 to the primary lesion (I) ± systemic aPD-L1 + aCSF therapy (J). The difference in tumour volume 8 (I) or 10 (J) days following IR was analysed by unpaired t-test (n=8 mice/group). *P <0.05 **P <0.01 ***P <0.001.
(G). Plot of distance RMSDs of individual residues between the crystal structures of the PTP-MEG2/NSF-pY83 phospho-peptide complex (PDB: 6KZQ) and the PTP-MEG2 native protein (PDB: 2PA5).
Cryo-EM density of the post-SC highlights the archaeal ribosomal protein eS21 and ABCE1. Domain architecture of ABCE1 including the mutation sites is shown below.
(a-f) Microtubules in the DC of pig (a,b), horse (c,d), and mouse (e,f) sperm traced from Volta phase plate cryo-tomograms of intact sperm. Doublets are colored blue (A-tubule in light blue, B-tubule in dark blue), while singlets are pink.
Resting mitochondrial calcium levels, evaluated through ratiometric imaging of the mitochondrial targeted GCaMP6m, in ShRNA control (plko) or ShRNA MICU1 HeLa stable clone cells transfected with the indicated constructs (n=5 independent experiments; 55-67cells)
g, RTqPCR analysis of 100K P8 photoreceptor pellets for Gnat1, Rec, Rho, Crx, Cre and Gfp, relative to β-actin, comparing EVs (N = 8) against the appropriate (Nrl.Gfp+/+ or Nrl.Cre+/-) photoreceptor cell lysate (N = 3). Gnat1, Cre and Gfp mRNA were present in all relevant samples;
(A, B) Ratio of CD86 expression or IFN-I production in 5.2+ vs 5.1+ pDC isolated from MCMV-infected (A MBMC of each indicated type
(B) WT and FAK−/− PEMs were incubated with S. typhimurium strain ΔinvG for 0-5 hours before immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies.
(A) Mean and 95% confidence interval is shown for SCNA scores among samples at each tumor stage across 6298 TCGA samples with stage annotation and SCNA score available. (B) Mean and 95% confidence interval for CYT scores among samples at each tumor stage across 6458 TCGA samples with stage annotation and CYT score available.
A. Representative flow cytometry plots showing gating strategy to identify and compare plasma cells (Sca-I+CD138+) after four days of stimulation with LPS either in the presence of DOT1L inhibitor, Pinometostat or DMSO as a control (left panel) and statistical analyses of their relative numbers (right panel). Results represent the data from one experiment and numbers represent biological replicates for each treatment (n = 4).
(N) as in M, except that the PLA signal per cell acquired from 10 different fields from a similar experiment and statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparison; ****p<0.0001; ns, non-significant. Similar results were obtained in a second independent experiment. The graph shows the mean + SEM
A). Schematic representation of interactions between PTP-MEG2 and the NSF-pY83 site.
C, D) Correlation analyses of the levels of ErbB4 and Nrg staining in vGlut1/2+ synapses; every dot corresponds to one synapse. Cultured Nrg3-/- neurons were transduced with either SypCFP/Nrg3 (black in C,D lentiviruses
(A) Alignment of the extracellular region of human TAPBPL (hTAPBPL) with that of some known human B7 family members. Identical amino acids are shaded black. Amino acids with strong homologies are shaded in gray.
C. No protein aggregates were observed in MKI67 KO cells for PWP1 (HPA038708), despite being localized to mitotic chromosomes in WT cells. Median overlapKO = 0.523, median overlapWT = 0.861 (P = 1.05x10-13) and median Pearson correlationKO = -0.190, median Pearson correlationWT = 0.515 (P = 8.71x10-15). Data information: Protein of interest is shown in green and DAPI in blue. Scale bar 10 μm. For the colocalization analysis data; biological replicate 1 highlighted in grey and biological replicate 2 in green. Both the overlap and Pearson correlation between DAPI/Protein staining was measured and a two-tailed unpaired Wilcoxon test was used. Box limits mark 1st and 3rd quantile, whiskers the 1.5x interquartile range and center line the median.
(D) The purified CFSE-labeled autologous CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with polarized myeloid cells with indicated treatment for T cell proliferation assay.
(E) Heatmap of differentially expressed transcripts (Log2 fold change +/- 1, adjusted p-value cut off <0.05) between young and aged killifish hearts (n = 3). Significantly enriched relevant GO categories depicted as bar graph.
(e) Hearts from fed and starved ROCK1 WT and KO mice were sectioned, fixed in acetone and immunofluorescence assay was performed against endogenous LC3. Data are representative of two independent experiments from each genotype. Scale bar, 50 μm.
D The parental population and representative NFR resistant clones were analyzed by WB for eFF2K total protein level. Tubulin is used as loading control. Histogram represents mean and s.e.m of relative eEF2K level quantified from WB of 4 different batches of cells collected at different dates (see also source data). P values were calculated using 1way ANOVA analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison tests. *** P value ≤ 0.001.
C. Growth phenotypes of wild type and c″-mutant yeast strains probed on (1) rich media buffered to pH 5 (YPD pH 5); (2) synthetic dropout (SD) plus all amino acids (SD + all a.a.); (3) SD minus uracil (SD - ura); (4,5) YPD buffered to pH 7 plus 4 mM Zn2+ or 60 mM Ca2+, respectively; (6) YPD buffered to pH 7; (7) YPD plus 60 mM Ca2+.
Representative Ki67 immunofluorescence staining (green) in wt and Foxd1Cre::Pdgfrb+/J mice, showing increased proliferation in the transgenic mice. Glomeruli are outlined with circles, arrowheads point to Ki67 positive interstitial cells. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 µm.
E Phalloidin staining of F-actin organization. Images are maximum intensity projections of 3D stacks and contrasts were adapted due to the fact that phalloidin labeling had a very different efficiency depending on the actin ortholog expressed. Micrographs of Sc and Sc_NI cells are reproduced from Fig 2E. Scale bar: 3 µm.
(A) TPCK-trypsin is premixed with wtSPINK6 protein or mutSPINK6 protein or PBS in triplicate, incubated with a fluorogenic substrate for 30 min, and then applied to fluorescence assay. Data are presented as mean and SD in a representative experiment performed 3 times. The fluorescence intensity of TPCK-trypsin/PBS mixture is arbitrarily set as 1. ***, P<0.001.
C-E. Analysis of CK and auxin effects on CER of epidermal cells. Epidermal cells of the TZ and the EZ in the wild type and cre1-12 with PMs visualized with the YFP-NPSN12 marker. Overlay of images of epidermal cells at time 0 (magenta) and 2 min (cyan) is presented. Scale bar 10 µm (C). CER (µm/min) of root epidermal cells of the TZ (D) and the EZ (E) of the wild type (grey bars) and cre1-12 (blue bars) mutant. Hormone concentrations and conditions of treatment (D, E) were as described for (C). Mean ± s.d., (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 and **** P < 0.0001 by Student's t-test, n=15-20 cells per root growth zone in 3-6 roots per condition, in 3 independent).
D. (Upper panel) Mitochondrial translation products were labeled in wild type (WT) and FBXL4 knock-out (KO) RKO cells for 60 minutes as in C, followed by 24 h chase in the presence of 5 μM epoxomicin (epoxo) or 20 mM ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). A representative experiment of n≥3 biological replicates is shown. A fragment of the Coomassie-stained gel is shown as loading control. (Lower panel) Quantification of the ND4-MTCO1 signal. n≥3 biological replicates, data are presented as mean ± SEM. Student's t-test; *, p<0.05.
A. qPCR data comparing the expression of the CamkIIδc transgene in the brain and heart of 3 month old CamkIIδc TG mice; n=4/group; *P <0.05, Unpaired t-test, two-tailed. Note that the transgene is not detected in the brain.
Vps24 is required for efficient clearance of Htt inclusions. HeLa cells expressing HttQ65-mCFP (A) or HttQ103-mCFP (B) and N2a cells expressing HttQ103-mCFP (C) were transfected with control or Vps24 siRNA for 2 d and then incubated in the absence or presence of doxycycline for 3 d to turn off expression of HttQ65/Q103-mCFP. Vps24 depletion was determined by Western blot analysis. (A and C) Clearance of SDS-insoluble Htt inclusions was analyzed by filter-trap assays. (B) Alternatively, aggregate clearance was analyzed by confocal quantification of the number of HeLa HttQ103 cells having visible inclusions after 3 d in the absence or presence of dox. 300 cells from three independent experiments were counted for each condition. Error bars = SD.
validation of transgene expression by RT-qPCR (n=3, error bars represent SD) (F)
(F) Flag-CLIP170, but not Flag control, also binds to fractions containing intact HIV-1 cores (Virus #8 and #9) but not with Mock fractions.
(f) Immunofluorescence showing anti-VPS-34 staining in N2 and atl-1(tm853) embryos in the absence or presence of 5-FU (scale bar, 5 μm).
H Salt resistance of TS-21 wild type and slhak20 mutants. TS-21, slhak20-1, and slhak20-2 grown under normal growth conditions for 24 days, followed by a treatment with 200 mM NaCl for 14 days, and then recovered for 10 days. Control plants grown under normal growth conditions for 38 days. Scale bars, 5 cm.
Huh-7 cells were first serum-starved and then incubated with oleic acid for the indicated time before staining with Bodipy 493/503, TRAPPC9, Rab18 and γ-COP.B. Bodipy 493/503 was pseudocolored in green, Rab18 in red, and γ-COP in blue. In the colocalization between Rab18 and γ-COP on the right side, the γ-COP signal was re-colored to green for easy visualization. Bar = 10μm.
(C) Two alternative models for the polymerase activity of WASP-family proteins. Note that the second model is not in agreement with thermodynamic laws (see Discussion).
(A) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of receptor binding to the ER8 element (region 1) of the nrf2 promoter. Immunoprecipitation with nonspecific IgG and PCR amplification of an adjacent region (2) served as controls. ChIP assays were also carried out to analyse binding to ER8s in the il10, ddit3 and tyrobp genes. RAR, retinoic acid receptor; VDR, vitamin D receptor.
Growth of BW25113(ycbB, relA'), BW25113(ycbB, relA') ΔmepM, and its derivatives harboring plasmids encoding MepM, MepM
Mapping of the single cell data shows different distribution of the respective clusters. Data information: Color-coding bars represent degree of gene expression similarity between all cells from given cluster and mixture of all cells from given single pixel of Slide-seq data. Scale bars: 300 µm
C, D, Length of females (C) and males (D) after the indicated diets (Δ1 +/+ n=5, Δ1 -/- n=5, Δ2 +/+ n=5, Δ2 -/- n=5).
A qRT-PCR analysis of LDHA mRNA levels in A375 cells treated with BRAF inhibitor (PLX-4032, 1 μM) for 24 hr. Data information: Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t-test for the comparison of two groups. Data are shown as mean ± SD, n = 3. ns: not significant, **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001.
C Schematics of the amino acid (aa) residues in the aa115-208 region of MOAP-1 across the indicated mammalian species. Red boxes depicting location of positively or negatively charged residues of MOAP-1 subjected to mutagenesis to alter positively charged residues in the KYKKLR sequence (aa161-166.) (MOAP-1-M3), the KRRR sequence (aa202-205) (MOAP-1-M1) and the negatively charged residues in the EEE sequence (aa178-180) (MOAP-1-M2) to alanine.
Difference in pA-DamID z-scores plotted against the distance to telomeres (leftpanel) or centromeres (rightpanel). Each dot represents a single LAD. Chromosomes are colored and ordered by size. Red line is a fitted loess curve. The Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to test for a significant monotonic, non-linear association. pA-DamID z-scores for individual time points.