EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
Quantification of 4-6 independent experiments comparing the basal respiration, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity and ATP-linked respiration of the UNT versus "GFP-+", "GFP++" and WT cells. The cells were analyzed between 25-28 days after sorting
H: Control or ELDR knockdown synchronized Cal27 and JHU029 cells were harvested, fixed and stained with propidium iodide. DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are represented cell population in G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Right panels show percentage of cell population in different phases of cell cycle. n = 4 biological replicates. Data are represented as the mean ± SD,
Body weight of RAG-2-/- mice after transfer with 5 x 105 CD4+CD45RBhigh cells alone (circles) or with 2 x 105 FACS-sorted CD4+GFP+ cells transduced with control retrovirus (MigRI) (squares) or retrovirus encoding C/EBPβ (triangles) and cultured for 2 d in the presence of TGF-β and culture supernatant. Each time point contains three (circles) or four (squares and triangles) mice in each group. Error bars represent mean ± s.d
H-J. Fluorescent images of Mitotracker and MitoSOX labelling of cells from Donor number 2 treated for 24hours with either DMSO, GW or GI. Scale bars: 10μm
Ferroptosis assay in ATG16L1-/- cells stably expressing ATG16L1WT, ATG16L1LD or ATG16L1LE. Cells were cultured in amino acid free media (AA starve) in the presence of 10% FBS or 10% dialysed FBS (diFBS) for 24 hr. Quantification of percentage of PI-positive cells from at least three independent experiments is shown.
A Two-colored IFA of ISP1/DHHC2 and ISP3/DHHC2 at zygotes of the triple tagged strain isp1::3V5/isp3::6HA/dhhc2::4Myc (TTS). Right graph shows overlay of fluorescence peaks along cell periphery. Scale bar = 5 μm.
H. Immunoblots showing the levels of BLM, FANCD2 and PrimPol after BLM or FANCD2 downregulation in WT and PRIMPOL KO cells for experiments in (G). Ponceau-S is shown as loading control.
Levels of HER2, pHER2, HER3, pHER3, pAKT and calnexin of cells resistant to lapatinib
Expression levels of NETs' markers for individual transcripts in severe (n=37) versus mild (n=179) comparisons. Data were represented as means ± SEM and differences between groups were estimated using a Student's t test. *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Fig. 4 Higher-order assemblies identified by proteome-wide cross-linking mass spectrometry, biomolecular modeling and negative-stain electron microscopy. (A) Distance distributions of identified cross-links on top of the modeled protein complexes and identification of novel interactions. Satisfied distances are shown in blue and over-length cross-links are shown in red.
(C) PMSS1, a H. pylori strain, was used to challenge mice orogastrically, with Brucella broth as the control. qRT-PCR was performed to measure UHMK1 (Ci) and PMSS1(Cii) expression in gastric tissues. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation from three replicates. Data information: Unpaired, two-tailed statistical significance was assessed by Student's t‐test. Data represent mean ± SD. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01,.
C-F. MDM we treated with 5μM ETO for 18h and co‐infected in the presence of ETO with HIV-1 BaL and SIV VLP Q76A. DNA was isolated 18 h post‐infection for qPCR quantification of D. Late RT products; E. 2LTR circles; F. integrated viral DNA.2LTR circles. (n = 3, mean ± s.e.m.; (ns) non‐significant; *P‐value ≤ 0.05, paired t‐test).
(E) The percentage of worms that have three or more surviving touch neurons in different genetic backgrounds supplemented with different fatty acids. AA and EPA but not LA significantly enhance the neurodegeneration triggered by mec-4(d). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. Asterisks signify significant differences between the groups under the crossbars. ns: not statistically significant. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data show mean ± SEM. Number of experiments n ≥ 3, with at least 50 animals per strain analyzed in each experiment.
(G) Polysome profiling of 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing Vec or YTHDC2 plasmid. (H) qPCR analysis of mRNA levels of Hif1a in 40-80S or polysome fraction in 3T3-L1 cells overexpressing Vec or YTHDC2 plasmid. (I) Polysome profiling of siCtrl and siYthdc2 3T3-L1 cells. (J) qPCR analysis of mRNA levels of Hif1a in 40-80S or polysome fraction in siCtrl and siYthdc2 3T3-L1 cells. Data information: The data were presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate tests (n = 3). Statistical analyses were performed using Student t‐test.∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
(A-D) RAW264.7 cells were transfected with miR-155 mimic (A and C) or inhibitor (B and D) for 24 h and then either left uninfected or infected with BCG. Expression levels of miR-155 were detected by real-time PCR (A and B). The LC3 levels were detected by Western-blot, and the ratios of LC3-II/β-actin were calculated as shown below the representative blot (C and D)
D, HEK293T cells transfected with NF-κB-luciferase reporter and indicated TLR7 mutant vectors and then treated with IMQ (10 µg/ml) for 24 h were harvested for luciferase assay. Data information: Data are represented mean ± SEM. P values are determined by two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test **P<0.01, ns, not significant.
C. Analysis of TBC1D15/HOPS interactions by co-IP of RFP/mCherry-HOPS subunits with GFP-TBC1D15 from HEK293T cells using GFP-trap beads. Left panel: schematic of HOPS complex composition, with subunits tested marked in yellow. Right panel: representative immunoblots against GFP and RFP; IP: immunoprecipitation, TL: total lysate.
E. Colocalization of SKIP with endogenous Rab7 (Mander's overlap) in response to FIS1 depletion, n siC=13, n siFis1=9 images (3≥ cells per image) analysed from 2 independent experiments
Kaplan-Meier survival curves of wild-type (WT) and, ced-9(n1653ts strains fed bacteria transformed with either empty-vector (con) or with vector expressing dsRNA against frh-1 or isp-1
(C) Merlin-depleted LN229 cells were stably transduced with HA-tagged wild-type (WT) Merlin or its mutants. These cells were treated with thapsigargin (TG) for 15 minutes and subjected to PLA using HA and Lats1 antibodies. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) PLA signals (dots) in each cell from the results in (C) were quantified. Mean±s.e.m, Ordinary one-way ANOVA. ****P<0.0001. Each data point represents an image field containing an average of 10 cells. NVector=8, NWT=16, NK396R=18, NK159R=17 images. All images were collected from one experiment. Two independent experiments were performed and gave similar results.
(D) Volcano plot of TMT/iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis. In red, proteins significantly dysregulated in age-1; gas-1 compared to gas-1 (FDR< 20%; |log2 (fold change)| >0.47). Dashed lines indicate cutoffs. Proteins involved in carbohydrate (green) and lipid (blue) metabolism are labeled.
F-H. Representative images of H&E staining (F), quantification of intestinal pathology (G) and mucosal hemorrhages (H) in Casp8WT and Casp8ECko mice treated with antibiotics compared to untreated Casp8ECko mice (G; n= 6 WT, 4 ECko+ antibiotics, 5 ECko; one-way ANOVA with tukey's multiple comparison, H; n= 6 WT, 4 ECko+ antibiotics, 4 ECko; one-way ANOVA with tukey's multiple comparison). Data information: Data shown as mean ± SEM. ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001; ns: not significant. Scale bars: 100μm.
K Sharpened cryo-EM map of UMODe (4.0 Å resolution) in two orthogonal views oriented as in panels D, E. Comparison of this map with that of UMODfl identifies density belonging to the N-terminal half of UMOD (salmon contour in the front view of panel F), which is lost upon site-specific cleavage by elastase (orange arrow).
Representative cytometry images of SSC-A/CFSE and CD11b/F4/80 gated analysis of eye cell suspensions prepared 24 h after the injection of Cx3cr1GFP/GFP CFSE+ macrophages and cytometric quantification of eye cell suspensions at 24 h after the injection of C57BL/6J and Cx3cr1GFP/GFP macrophages into C57BL/6J (n = 16-20/group; Mann-Whitney U-test, *P = 0.0024).
A) Distributions of brain size as indexed by total brain volume (TBV) in ASD and control toddlers used in the co-expression analysis (WGCNA). T= value from T-test; F= value from Levene's test.
a, ChIP-qPCR analysis of REST binding to target genes in isolated PFCneuronalnuclei. Shown are young adult (Young), normal aged (Aged) and AD cases, which were stratified as AD1 (MMSE score > 18) and AD2 (MMSE score 8). Also shown are control ChIP assays with non-specific IgG, and a RESTChIP with PCR primers directed 10 kb 3′ to the SNAP25 RE1 site (SNAP25-10K down). Values represent fold change relative to the mean young adult value, and represent the mean ± s.e.m., n = 7. *P 0.05 by the Mann-Whitney test.
B. Volcano plot of RNA gene expression in purified naïve CD62L+ CD44- WT and miR-132-/- CD4+ T cells following 18hr in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 under Th1 conditions. Fold change determined as log2 mean FPKM (miR-132-/-/WT) from 4 WT and 4 miR-132-/- mice. Transcripts significantly different between WT and miR-132-/- cells (p<0.05) shown in red.
HepG2 cells were treated with 2-BP and/or lentivirus vectors expressing KLF10. n=3. Results represent three independent experiments. (F) CD36 protein expression the plasma membrane fractions, and its normalization to ATP1a1. Data information: ** P < 0.01. Results are shown as mean ± SD. 1-way ANOVA
Representative images of day 21 BALO after microinjection of SC35M-GFP IAV (green) into the central airway-like (*) after 0 and 12 h pi visualizes IVA spread to the alveolar-like regions. Dotted lines illustrate BALO-borders. Scale bars represent 100 μm
Growth curves of hOSE-MXIV, hOSE-YAP and hOSE-YAPS127A cells in the presence of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins at the 9th passage. Each point represents mean ± SEM of four independent samples.
A) Preservation analysis between BrainSpan dorsolateral prefrontal cortexgene expression data and the ASD + control blood data. Zsummary statistic (e.g., Zsummary > 10 means highly preserved, Zsummary in between 2 and 10 is weak to moderate preservation, Zsummary<2 is little to no preservation and median rank (modules with lowest rank are highly preserved). Median Rank and Zsummary values indicate high module preservation between the two datasets.
(O) Western blotting analysis with lysates of control and untreated or Bafilomycin A1 (300 nM; 4 h and 8 h) treated Flag-IRGM expressing HT29 stable cell lines.
(C) We performed an in vitro kinase assay by incubating purified NCOA3 FL or its protein fragments with purified UHMK1 kinase. These proteins were visualized using Coomassie blue staining. The phosphorylation of the substrates is shown in the autoradiograph.
(H) Confocal microscopy images of HeLa cells treated with aerolysin and immunolabelled for NMHCIIA (green) and Gp96 (red). Insets show NMHCIIA bundles and arrows indicate association between Gp96 and NMHCIIA.
(F) Protein synthesis assays using the Cayman kit and Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining were performed in the indicated cells. WB was performed using the indicated antibodies (left), and the relative intensity of protein synthesis was quantified (right). Unpaired t-test was used. Data information: The data are represented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments (N.S.: not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).
E: Median shift in the CF of the area change rate and F (blue symbols, N=52 biological replicates), the LimE-GFP intensity (brown symbols, N=17 biological replicates) and the GFP-myo intensity (yellow symbols, N=7 biological replicates). Data below the dashed line indicates cells for which no significant correlation was found. Shift values are -11.2 (-15.0/-9.4) s, 11.3 (7.5/11.3) s, and -26.3 (-30.0/-14.1) s.
(G) Immunostaining of cathelicidin in HaCaT keratinocytes treated with LL37 (4 μM) ± RAPA for 24 h. DAPI staining (blue) indicates nuclear localization. Scale bar: 50 μm. All results are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. Data represent the mean ± SEM.
(B) Venn diagram showing overlap of differentially expressed (DE) genes between treatments (P-values < 0.05), bubbles are drawn to scale. A total of 1451 DE genes was found in comparisons between all treatments and relative percentages to this number are indicated.
Expression levels of EMX2 (top) and EZH2 (bottom) in tumour or adjacent normal regions laser microdissected from human GBM tumours as detected by RNA-seq. Data sourced from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas. FPKM: fragments per kilobase of transcript per million. The significance of the differential expression in normal and tumour regions across patients is indicated (two-way ANOVA). Bars represent mean ± SEM. N: 3 regions sampled for each GBM tumour, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3 and 1 regions for normal tissue of patients 1-8, respectively.
G Western blot analysis to detect cleavage of wild-type (WT) or modified (P259A) FdnH with active (+) or inactive (SAHA) Rhom7 expressed from pBAD33 with (+) or without (-) FdnI. rhomboid substrates that are uncleaved, cleaved by Rhom7, are marked by black, blue arrows, respectively.
H. Kaplan-Meier curve of GSK-LSD1 (n = 8) or vehicle-treated (n = 8) mice. Mice were sacrificed when tumors reached a volume ≥ 1.5cm3 or greatest dimension ≥ 1.5cm. Red arrow: start of therapy, day 1. ****p < 0.0001 (log-rank Mantel-Cox test)
% of adult females that hatch after crossing female dTor+/- ;; dLap1-/TM6C with male y/FM7i ;; dLap1-/TM6C flies. Two-tailed T-Test. **** p < 0.0001, compared with expected Mendelian ratio (n≥3).
D, Schematic representation of the AAV-dCAS system: For induction of up to five endogenous genes plus a GFP reporter, a total of four different AAVs are utilized. dCas9 is delivered by two AAVs, a third AAV is needed for the delivery of the SAM activator. A fourth virus contains the reporter gene, while sgRNAs are distributed between the vectors. To ensure cell type specificity upon Cre expression, the N-dCas9 and the GFP are inverted and flanked by two different LoxP sites (LoxX and Lox511). Data information: Abbreviations: dN-Cas9 - N-terminal dCas9-residues 1-573, N-intein - N-terminal part of DNA polymerase III subunit alpha, dC-Cas9 - C-terminal dCas9 residues 574-1368, C-intein - C-terminal part of DNA polymerase III subunit alpha, VP64 - 4x VP16 herpes simplex virus protein vmw65, p65 - p65 subunit of human NF-ĸB, HSF1 - heat shock factor 1, MS2 - MS2 bacteriophage coat protein, PAM - protospacer adjacent motif, TSS - transcriptional start site, CBh - chicken β-actin hybrid promoter. SgRNA expression is driven by the different Pol III promoters (H1, hU6, mU6 and 7SK).
(A) Representative IHC images of CXCL12 intensity and staining pattern in the TMA. N = 219 tumors. Upper panel, scale bar, 400 μm; lower panel, scale bar, 100 μm. Arrows point at punctate staining in the stroma.
(F) Under nutrient repletion conditions, almost no autophagic elements are detected in Epg5+/− MEFs. RER, rough ER; M, mitochondrion; N, nucleus. The arrowhead indicates a vacuole with a late residual body-like appearance (aAV-III). (G) Under nutrient repletion conditions, Epg5−/− MEFs accumulate a large number of autophagic vacuoles. Red arrow, a likely autophagosome; red arrowheads, complex vacuoles of the aAV-I type; white arrowheads, aAV-II vacuoles
qPCR quantification of SOX1 in wildtype, PAX6 KO and PAX6D KO cell at day 20 of retinal differentiation (n=3 biological replicates for each sample).
Measurement of L-amino acid or essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) contents in Scgb1a1 lineage-labeled tdTomato+ organoids derived from control, Lats1/2 dKO or Raptor;Lats1/2 tKO mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n=3 technical replicates for each genotype). *p<0.05, **p<0.001 (Student's t-test).
(A) Schematic representation of the genomic locus of the chromosome 1 of V. cholerae with the three parS sites, named parS1-3. The rRNA operon (blue rectangle) spans the genomic coordinates 53823 to 59123 (B) ChIP-seq performed on strain N16961 is displayed as the number of nucleotide reads in function of the genomic coordinates. Correspondence to the parS1-3 location represented in (A) is indicated by grey dotted lines. The number of reads in the Input sample (grey line) is normalized to the total number of reads in the IP sample. (C) We modeled the ChIP-Seq data as in Fig.1C-E by means of MC simulations with a Freely jointed chain of size N=2000 monomers of size a=16-bp. Data are normalized after background subtraction to the read value at parS1 (genomic coordinate 62438). The best fit was achieved with σ=25nm and an amplitude κ=0.15 leading to Nt~50 ParB on the chromosome. In the MC simulation, we accounted for the finite width of the distribution around parS sites by including the average fragment size of the DNA librar
(A) LM2 cells transfected with siRNA targeting PTPRN2, PLCβ1, or control siRNA were stained with phalloidin (red) and DAPI (blue) and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. Right, mean fluorescence intensity quantification of whole cell phalloidin signal. N = 40 cells/group. Scale bar, 10 μm.
MT repair sites on GaMTs and non-GaMTs extracted from C. Red: GaMTs; Green: non-GaMTs; yellow: GTP-tubulin. MT repair sites on GaMTs and non-GaMTs separately presented in detail. White arrows indicates GTP-tubulin labeling sites. Scale bar: 5 μm. Box-whisker plot presents the ratio of MT repair sites on GaMTs and non-GaMTs separately. (1 representative of 3 independent experiments and n= 8 cells). ***p < 0.001, unpaired t-test.
Simultaneous expression of Y701F-STAT1 rescued the hTau-induced suppression of NMDARs protein (K) expression measured by Western blotting in hippocampal CA3 of C57 mice (n=4). Data information: Data were presented as mean ± SD two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni' s post hoc test *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001 vs eGFP or hTau; #, p<0.05, ##, p<0.01 vs hTau.
(d) Mitophagy was analyzed in untransfected (UT) SH-SY5Y cells or in stable Flag-Parkin overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells transfected with either scrambled (scr) or Fbxo7 siRNA. Histogram indicates the percentage of cells with no remaining mitochondria following 24 h treatment with CCCP (10 μM) for each condition. Complex Vβ subunit (CxVβ) was used as a mitochondrial marker. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., **P 0.01. Scale bars, 10 μm.
B Quantification of SV2 monomer (left panel) and SV2 high molecular weight species (right panel). β-Actin was used as the reference.
Confocal images and 3D reconstruction showing the intracellular localization of endogenous βCaMKII (green) in CAD cells. Cells were stained with DAPI (blue) and phalloidin (red). Yellow arrows point to βCaMKII-positive puncta inside a TNT. Scale bars in the expanded fields represent 10 µm in the micrographs and 1 µm in the 3D projection.
Flow cytometric analysis of splenic GC B cells in Prdm1ihCd2/+ (red) and wild-type (gray) mice (at the age of 2 months) at day 14 after NP-KLH immunization Cell surface expression of hCD2 and intracellular staining of Bcl6 are shown for Prdm1ihCd2/+ (red) and wild-type (gray) GC B cell The absence of Bcl6 expression in non-GC B cells (black) is shown as reference
Diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) strains expressing a Gam-GFP reporter were cultured on YPD or PRE-SPO medium at 30°C or 37°C, respectively, in the presence (Gam-GFP ON) or absence (Gam-GFP OFF) of doxycycline (DOX) for 24 h. Cell images indicate calcofluor white staining (cell wall; blue), GFP, and a merged image of GFP/DAPI/DIC channels. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Covariate single-cell analysis of pRb(Ser807/811) versus pS6(Ser235/236) following 24-h treatment of WM1552C cells with different doses of vemurafenib alone (top) and vemurafenib and JNK-IN-8 together (bottom). Drugs were added at a 1:1 ratio, each at indicated concentrations when used in combination. Density scatter plots were generated using signal intensities for individual cells as measured by immunofluorescence microscopy. The horizontal and vertical lines were used to gate pS6High versus pS6Low cells, and pRbHigh versus pRbLow cells, respectively.
F. Venn diagram illustrating the number of TSSs containing binding sites for Jmjd2a and/or Jmjd2c within +/- 1kb. The p value was calculated using hypergeometric test.
(E) IP of β2AR in the absence (Control) or presence of 10 μM Pep2 or Pep2 with S1928 being phosphorylated (phPep2), which did not displaced α11.2.(F) α11.2 and GluA1 IB signals were normalized to β2AR signals (***p<0.001, ANOVA).
(B, E, and F) At the indicated time points post-infection, WCL were extracted from HCV-infected Huh7 cells. (B) Parkin ubiquitination in WCL extracted from HCV-infected cells. All ubiquitinated proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-Ub antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-Parkin antibody. HCV infection was verified by immunoblotting with anti-HCV core antibody. β-actin was used as an internal loading control.
I - Left: Representative flow plots showing ChAT-eGFP+ and Cx3cr1CreER-RFP+ double positive MΦ (yellow gate) in the IWAT of ChAT-eGFP;Cx3cr1CreER-RFP mice. Right: Percentage of ChAT-eGFP+ MΦ that are RFP- or RFP+ in the IWAT of ChAT-eGFP;Cx3cr1CreER-RFP mice (n = 5).
Brain sAPPβ shows an age-related increase in APP23, APP24, and APP51 micesAPPβ was measured in Triton X-100 brain extracts from largely the same mice as analyzed in Figs1 and2 and is expressed as percentages of levels measured in the youngest age group.Swedish sAPPβ showed an age-dependent increase in APP23 mice following a linear trend (F(1, 83) = 52.914, P < 0.001); APP23 from two independent batches were included in this analysis (see Materials and Methods and Supplementary Fig S2 for details).Swedish sAPPβ showed an age-dependent increase in APP24mice following a linear trend (F(1, 84) = 11.264, P = 0.001).Human wild-type sAPPβ showed an age-dependent increase in APP51 following a quadratic trend (F(1, 18) = 68.980, P < 0.001).Data information: Post hoc Dunnett's test group comparisons were always conducted between the youngest group and all other groups. All data are represented as group means ± SEM; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; and ***P < 0.001. For absolute values, see Supplementary Fig S2.
(a) Inhibiting ROCK1 activity increases the association between Beclin1 and Bcl-2. HeLa cells, untreated or treated with 10 μM Y27632 (top panel), were cultured in control or glucose-free (4 h) medium, lysed and cell extracts prepared. Endogenous Bcl-2 was immunoprecipitated with cross-linked Bcl-2 agarose and resulting eluted immune complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE and blotted against indicated antibodies. EJ shCont. and shROCK1#1 cells (bottom panel) were grown in control or starvation media for 4 h and Bcl-2 IP was performed as above. Inputs were rerun to confirm ROCK1 knockdown.
G, H Reporter cells were subjected to nutrient starvation for the indicated time. AMPKα Thr172 and HSF1 Ser121 phosphorylation was measured by immunoblotting.
(A) FAK−/− cells stably re‐expressing FAK‐wt, FAK‐Y397F, FAK‐KD or FAK‐Y4F‐Y9F were immunoblotted using anti‐FAK, anti‐FAK Y397, anti‐FAK Y861, anti‐FAK Y925, anti‐Src, anti‐Ret and anti‐actin. FAK and Ret were immunoprecipitated from these cells and then samples were immunoblotted with anti‐Src, anti‐FAK or anti‐Ret.
G, H. RNase H2 enzyme activity is reduced in mouse and patient cells. (G) Enzyme activity for Rnaseh2bA174T/A174T MEFs and passage-matched Rnaseh2b+/+ controls, against RNase H substrate (RNA:DNA heteroduplex) and RNase H2-specific substrate, double stranded DNA with a single embedded ribonucleotide (DRD:DNA). Mean activity for three independent cell lines, error bars, SEM. Enzymatic activity expressed relative to the average value of control MEFs. *** = p<0.001, two-tailed t-test (n=3 Rnaseh2bA174T/A174T and n=3 Rnaseh2b+/+ control MEF lines). (H) RNase H2 activity in LCLs from two independent healthy controls and an AGS patient homozygous for the RNASEH2B-A177T mutation. Enzyme activity normalised to average activity of control lines. Three independent experiments, error bars SEM. *** = p<0.001 versus either control, two-tailed t-test.
F) Three example traces from a single cell exposed to 405nm followed by 525nm light. Individual traces were fit with exponential decay (405nm, blue) or association curves (525nm, green) for 6 trials across 2 cells