Figure 4Longitudinal associations between CSF T-tau, Ng and NFL and other AD traits. Data are estimates (-coefficients) from linear mixed effects models, with 95 % confidence intervals. The estimates are the effect of time plus the biomarker by time interactions, capturing the longitudinal effects of the biomarkers. For each model, the "average" effect of time is also shown for comparison. Effects were significant (*), meaning that biomarker levels affected the slopes of the outcome, for MMSE: T-tau (p=.021) and NFL (p<.0001) in A-negative and for T-tau (p<.0001), Ng (p=.0031) and NFL (p<.0001) in A-positive. Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Note also that the range of the y-axes differs for the different outcomes, for visualization purposes. Models were adjusted for age and sex, and education (for cognitive measures), and intracranial volume (for MRI measures). Aβ42 and T-tau were measured using the the INNOBIA AlzBio3 kit (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium), Ng was measured using an in-house immunoassay for Ng (Portelius et al, 2015) and NFL was measured using the NF-light® ELISA kit (Uman Diagnostics, Umeå, Sweden). Longitudinal associations between CSF T-tau, Ng and NFL and other AD traits. Data are estimates (-coefficients) from linear mixed effects models, with 95 % confidence intervals. The estimates are the effect of time plus the biomarker by time interactions, capturing the longitudinal effects of the biomarkers. For each model, the "average" effect of time is also shown for comparison. Effects were significant (*), meaning that biomarker levels affected the slopes of the outcome, for ADAS-cog: NFL in A-negative (p<.0001) and for T-tau (p<.0001), Ng (p=.0015) and NFL (p=.0027) in A-positive. Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Note that the y-axes for ADAS-cog are flipped, so that the lower ranges constantly reflect "worse" outcomes. Note also that the range of the y-axes differs for the different outcomes, for visualization purposes. Models were adjusted for age and sex, and education (for cognitive measures), and intracranial volume (for MRI measures). Aβ42 and T-tau were measured using the the INNOBIA AlzBio3 kit (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium), Ng was measured using an in-house immunoassay for Ng (Portelius et al, 2015) and NFL was measured using the NF-light® ELISA kit (Uman Diagnostics, Umeå, Sweden). Longitudinal associations between CSF T-tau, Ng and NFL and other AD traits. Data are estimates (-coefficients) from linear mixed effects models, with 95 % confidence intervals. The estimates are the effect of time plus the biomarker by time interactions, capturing the longitudinal effects of the biomarkers. For each model, the "average" effect of time is also shown for comparison. Effects were significant (*), meaning that biomarker levels affected the slopes of the outcome, for hippocampal volume: NFL in A-negative (p=.0048) and for T-tau (p=.0015) and Ng (p=.0027) in A-positive. Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Note also that the range of the y-axes differs for the different outcomes, for visualization purposes. Models were adjusted for age and sex, and education (for cognitive measures), and intracranial volume (for MRI measures). Aβ42 and T-tau were measured using the the INNOBIA AlzBio3 kit (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium), Ng was measured using an in-house immunoassay for Ng (Portelius et al, 2015) and NFL was measured using the NF-light® ELISA kit (Uman Diagnostics, Umeå, Sweden). Longitudinal associations between CSF T-tau, Ng and NFL and other AD traits. Data are estimates (-coefficients) from linear mixed effects models, with 95 % confidence intervals. The estimates are the effect of time plus the biomarker by time interactions, capturing the longitudinal effects of the biomarkers. For each model, the "average" effect of time is also shown for comparison. Effects were significant (*), meaning that biomarker levels affected the slopes of the outcome, for lateral ventricles: Ng (p=.0051) and NFL (p<.0001) in A-negative and NFL (p<.0001) in A-positive. Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Note that the y-axes for ventricle size are flipped, so that the lower ranges constantly reflect "worse" outcomes. Note also that the range of the y-axes differs for the different outcomes, for visualization purposes. Models were adjusted for age and sex, and education (for cognitive measures), and intracranial volume (for MRI measures). Aβ42 and T-tau were measured using the the INNOBIA AlzBio3 kit (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium), Ng was measured using an in-house immunoassay for Ng (Portelius et al, 2015) and NFL was measured using the NF-light® ELISA kit (Uman Diagnostics, Umeå, Sweden). Longitudinal associations between CSF T-tau, Ng and NFL and other AD traits. Data are estimates (-coefficients) from linear mixed effects models, with 95 % confidence intervals. The estimates are the effect of time plus the biomarker by time interactions, capturing the longitudinal effects of the biomarkers. For each model, the "average" effect of time is also shown for comparison. Effects were significant (*), meaning that biomarker levels affected the slopes of the outcome, for FDG-PET: T-tau (p=.00038) and Ng (p=.0019) in A-positive. Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Note also that the range of the y-axes differs for the different outcomes, for visualization purposes. Models were adjusted for age and sex, and education (for cognitive measures), and intracranial volume (for MRI measures). Aβ42 and T-tau were measured using the the INNOBIA AlzBio3 kit (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium), Ng was measured using an in-house immunoassay for Ng (Portelius et al, 2015) and NFL was measured using the NF-light® ELISA kit (Uman Diagnostics, Umeå, Sweden). Longitudinal associations between CSF T-tau, Ng and NFL and other AD traits. Data are estimates (-coefficients) from linear mixed effects models, with 95 % confidence intervals. The estimates are the effect of time plus the biomarker by time interactions, capturing the longitudinal effects of the biomarkers. For each model, the "average" effect of time is also shown for comparison. Biomarkers and outcomes were standardized to z-scores. Note that the y-axes for WMH are flipped, so that the lower ranges constantly reflect "worse" outcomes. Note also that the range of the y-axes differs for the different outcomes, for visualization purposes. Models were adjusted for age and sex, and education (for cognitive measures), and intracranial volume (for MRI measures). Aβ42 and T-tau were measured using the the INNOBIA AlzBio3 kit (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium), Ng was measured using an in-house immunoassay for Ng (Portelius et al, 2015) and NFL was measured using the NF-light® ELISA kit (Uman Diagnostics, Umeå, Sweden).