EMBO/sd-character-level-ner huggingface dataset:
Cells were treated as (E), and incubated in the indicated serum concentration for 48 h. Cells were treated with BrdU for 1 h prior to harvesting and then stained for BrdU incorporation. Three random fields from each of three biological triplicates were counted for BrdU incorporation via immunofluorescence and data is represented as percent positive/total cell number.
AIB1 is engaged with TEAD on superenhancer sites at 1q21.3 in normal cells. Sequential ChIP-reChIP performed with indicated antibodies in MCF10A cells. Levels of precipitated chromatin assessed by qPCR.
H. Immunofluorescence of SOX2 (Red) in xenografts derived from T3359 GSCs expressing shNT or shSATB2 (n=4 tumors per group). Scale bar: 40 μm.
Representative images depicting the level of DNA double strand break (DSB) induction in histologically normal bone marrow 5h after treatment, as measured by anti-ɣ-H2AX, which is higher in free oligo-FdU-treated mice than in T22-GFP-H6-FdU (P=0.047). Low level of cells containing DSBs in histologically normal kidney after T22-GFP-H6-FdU or free oligo-FdU treatment, a finding occurring in all normal tissues analysed. (N=50, 5 mice/group; 10 fields/mouse).
F. Raw 264.7 macrophage cells were transfected with eGFP(N-term)-Rab10 for 24 hours and treated with or without the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi2 (100 nM) for two hours. Representative photomicrographs (from 25 images analyzed for each condition across n=3 biologically independent experiments) are shown with eGFP(N-term)-Rab10 epifluorescence (shown as green signal) and pT73-Rab10 (shown as red signal), with EEA1 (shown as blue signal). White bounding boxes are "High Mag" panels that show individual vesicles analyzed. Scale bars represent 10 μm and 1 μm for "High Mag". Positive colocalization signal (depicted as white) in "CoLoc" panels are given with white arrow heads highlighting vesicles scored as co-positive between pT73-Rab10 Rab10 and the indicated marker. G. Calculated percentage of colocalized vesicles, with each dot representing mean vesicle frequency in each cell analyzed. The group mean of % Rab10 vesicles positive with EEA1 were calculated, and error bars represent ± SEM. Significance was assessed by Mann-Whitney test for each marker with *** representing P<0.005.
Figure 4. Dynamic reorganization of chromosomes during mitosis. (G) Left: chr12 normalized contact maps in cdc20 and cdc15 arrested cells. Right: magnification of the log-ratio map from (F, bottom left).
(O) Atg8a and Rab3-GAP colocalize to autophagosomes. Dmef2-Gal4 drives expression of UAS-myc-Atg8a and UAS-CFP-Rab3-GAP in animals starved and treated with CQ for 6 hrs. In all panels green = GFP-Atg8a and red = myc-Atg8a, and blue = CFP-Rab3Gap2.
(F) Increased interaction of p53 with its activating partner 53BP1 in response to UBE4B and LSD1 knockdown. Left: representative western blots of 53BP1 co-immunoprecipitation. Right: quantification of the 53BP1 co-immunoprecipitation (n = 2). Data represent means ± SEM.
(I) The effect of PARP1 mutations (H909A or T824A) on KLF4 PARylation, confirming the critical role of H909 in mediating KLF4 PARylation in 293T cells. Myc-PARP1 wildtype or mutations (H909A or T824A) and FLAG-KLF4 were co-transfected into 293T cells and then the FLAG-KLF4 was pulldown by anti-FLAG antibody, the PARylation modification of KLF4 was blotted with anti-PAR antibody, and the binding PARP1 was blotted with anti-myc antibody.
(C) IF of DAXX in wild type (n=30), Ring1m-z+ (n=12), Rnf2m-z+ (n=11) and Ring1m-z+; Rnf2m-z+ (n=12) paternal pronuclei of PN5 zygotes. Data information: All scale bars, 10µm.
Chi-G4S-DR5 stable MC38 tumors harboring mice were treated (6 total doses) lexatumumab, avelumab, ROCK1i, lexatumumab +ROCKi, and avelumab + lexatumumab and IgG1 control as indicated. Harvested tumors homogenized followed by quantitation. Protein lysates were run on SDS-Page followed by immunoblotting using indicated CD8, CD4, Foxp3, caspase-3 and granzyme-b antibody. GAPDH is loading control. Red arrows indicated cleaved caspase-3 p19 and p17 fragments.
E. Immunoblot analysis of FOXM1 and SATB2 expression in tumor xenografts-derived from T3359 GSCs expressing shNT or shSATB2.
Quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis of BCL11B in human after 5 days, respectively, of coculture on OP9 stromal cells expressing different Notch ligands. Graphs show mean expression, relative to the geometric mean of ACTIN and GAPDH and relative to the OP9-DLL1 cultured cells (n=4 independent experiments with different donors, error bars indicate SEM and * indicates p<0.05 and ns (not significant) indicates p>0.05 in a paired t-test).
B Histology of the testis of a Stx2repro34 mouse. Arrowheads indicate multinucleated cells containing spermatocyte-like nuclei. There are no spermatids or spermatozoa. Bar = 50 μm.
Figure 4: FMN2 is linked to age-associate memory decline E. Escape latency in the water maze test in 3-month old Fmn2 +/+ (n=15), APPPS1-21 (n=15), APPPS1-21_Fmn2 -/- (n=15) and Fmn2 -/- mice (n=15). Comparing the learning curves amongst all groups revealed no significant difference. Error bars indicate SEM.
(D-F) BMDMs from WT and NOX2 KO mice were infected with Mtb-WT, Mtb-Δeis, or Mtb-c-eis for 18 h. (D) Numbers of LC3-punctated cells (counted manually) are shown (at least 250 cells were counted in each well).
(c) Ba/F3 cells expressing either myrPI(3) K-ER or myrPKB-ER were cytokine starved overnight and stimulated with 4-OHT. Cell lysates were analysed for protein levels of phospho-FOXO3 (T32), glutamine synthetase, p27 and actin. Shown are representative blots (n=4).
(A)-(C) Secondary structure of the complete sfRNAs of DENV2 (A), ZIKV (B) and WNV (C). The stem-loop structures (SLI and SLII), SL3 of WNV, pseudo-dumbbell (ψ-DB1) structure of ZIKV, duplicated dumbbell structures (DB1, DB2), as well as the essential 3' SL are indicated. Sequences involved in pseudoknots (PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4) formation are indicated with red lines.
L, ATP concentration, HK2 enzyme activity and lactate production in INSL5 wide-type or knock down HNE1-EBV cells.
Mice were superinfected as described in Fig 3A (E) mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides in lungs following administration of αIL-17, IL-22 or IgG control antibody, as determined by qPCR Data information Dat are representative of two independent experiments wit 4-6 in (E) mice per group. All data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical significance was determined wit one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey"s multiple comparisons test in (E). n.s. = not signif
(A) Cartoon representation of α1-antitrypsin with GSK716 shown in yellow stick format. The five-stranded β-A sheet is in blue.
Heatmap showing somatic mutations in defined pathways and HPV status for all HNSCC and SQCLC cases analysed. (Blue, no mutation/ no HPV detected; red, mutation/HPV detected; white, no data available)
E. The intramuscular metabolome profiles analyzed using GC-TOF-MS and clustered by PCoA based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix
CD4+ T cells were isolated by negative selection from WT, EGR4-/- mice. (B) CD4+ T cells were isolated by negative selection from WT or EGR4-/- mice and incubated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies for 6 hrs in the presence or absence of either senicapoc, TRAM-34 or Shk-Dap22 before measuring expression of IFNγ levels by FACS analysis. Data are mean±SEM; 3 biological replicates were examined; each biological replicate includes 2 technical replicates. *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.
B Western blot analysis of cell surface preparation. The surface‐biotinylated cells were lysed using a detergent containing lysis buffer, incubated with and then eluted from streptavidin beads (i.e., cell sur. fraction). Cell surface fraction and the whole‐cell lysate were blotted against a cell surface protein, EGFR, and a cytoplasmic protein, actin.
E Summary for how ANGPTL4 induces the severity of pancreatitis in acinar cells and macrophages.
Indicated MAF lines were treated as in (A) and harvested 48 h post-transfection. Cells were analyzed for total PAR levels via immunoblot. cyclin D1 levels serve as siRNA validation controls.
(F) pex19Δ versus pex19Δmsp1Δ RNA levels. Outliers are indicated. Peroxin genes are indicated in red. The red shading emphasizes that the RNA levels of the indicated genes are higher in pex19Δmsp1Δ compared to pex19Δ.
Summary of the timeline of events of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the work leading to the reconstruction and recovery of rSARS-CoV-2.
Representative H&E and immunohistochemical stainings of CK5/6 and p63 in squamous-cell lung tumours of unknown origin derived from HNSCC patients. Scale bar: 500 µm.
(C) Analysis of correlation of Ezh2 and p53 protein levels determined by IHC in Pten knockout (Ptenpc-/-) mice (n=11).
D Triple mutation of E61A-Q64A-R67A is important for the function of SiaB. The biofilm formation by the indicated strains was displayed with crystal violet staining (up) and quantified with optical density measurement (down).
Flow cytometric quantificatio of Alexa647-labeled C10-15 interaction with mTLR2-Fc Protein (n=4 each) Data information: Quantification sub-panel represent data (mean+SE combined from 'n' biological replicate mic I one representative of 'n' independent experiments is show p<0.05 according to Mann-Whitney U (A
E Representative example of co-culture containing control (green), PKAN (red) humanneurons, and E18 cortical miceneurons. Control and PKAN NPCs were infected with GFP-LV and tdT-LV expressing vectors, respectively, and differentiated for 8 weeks. Scale bars 20 μm.
B Representative images of BrdU-incorporating newly-generated cells in control and running hGFAPeGFP animals. BrdU+ cells (magenta) were assigned to distinct cell types: rNSCs [identified by their SOX2+ (cyan) cell bodies residing in the SGZ with a GFAP+ radial process (green)]; IPCs/neuroblasts [SOX2+ (cyan) nuclei located to the SGZ, DCX+ cells (white) in the SGZ and GZ, respectively], and astrocytes [SOX2+ cells (cyan) in the hilus, GZ, and ML]. Arrows mark newly generated neuronally committed cells (BrdU+/DCX+), while arrowheads indicate BrdU+ astrocytes (SOX2+). Data information: dotted lines border SGZ and GZ; scale bars = 50 µm.
A HEK293T cells were transfected with GST-tagged NEMO-WT and its point mutants with or without Strep-tagged MARCH2. Whole cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies.
Tumors collected and analysed for exhaustion/anergy. Cells were collected and enriched for the immune cell population by Ficoll-Hypaque. WT cells were 36.9 ± 4.68% Thy1.2+, EGR4KO cells were 48.0 ± 0.58% Thy1.2+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were stained with CD44, CD73, FR4 and PD1 to monitor the formation of anergic/exhausted T cells. (E) Gating strategies.
Top, DNA content (n/2n) of exponentially growing yeast cells. First blot: 2D gel electrophoresis of the distribution of Lk topoisomers (Lk) of the YEp13 DNA in cells quenched at 26oC and after shifting the culture to 35oC for 60 min. Second blot: 2D gel electrophoresis of the same samples upon nicking the YEp13 DNA in order to reveal the occurrence of knots (kn). (C) Experiments conducted as in (A) but in smc6-9 yeast cells. Graph: Pkn of YEp13 before and after the inactivation of the Smc5/6 complex.
(C) The tissues from extracts were analysed by western blot with FoxO3a‐P antibody and normalized with α‐actin antibody. Graph depicts mean±s.e.m. of relative expression of FoxO3a‐P determined by densitometry and nomalized to the α‐actin expression for each muscle, *P⩽0.005, n=3.
C. phospho-H2AX and Glut1 immunohistochemistry on 3 weeks growth glioma in wild-type mice treated as described in A.
(C) The TAP-tagged Vps34 protein complex was purified from the vps30Δ atg14Δ vps38Δ cells. The purified proteins were separated on SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie staining. Recombinant GST-Atg38 (WT), GST-Atg381-120 (N), and GST-Atg38121-226 (C) were incubated with Vps15-Vps34-TAP complex bound to IgG-Dynabeads. The eluted proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting.
J, MTT assay of vector control or INSL5 overexpressing HK1 cells either treated with STAT5 siRNAs or JAK kinase inhibitor.
Pathway-enrichment analysis for proteins differentially expressed in HNSCC and SQCLC.
(c) Count of LC3 puncta in HeLa cells transduced as in b. Five different confocal microscopy images for each experiment were randomly chosen and GFP-positive dots were examined on the images with identical brightness and contrast settings. The results are represented as the average number of LC3 dots with 100 cells analysed per sample. Confocal images are shown in Supplementary Fig. S3b.
(G) Mean square displacement of ookinetes moving on hydrogels of different stiffnesses at two timepoints.
B Schematic illustration that outlines induction of the naïve-like state from primed hPSCs. Primed hPSCs were first cultured as single cells in conventional hPSC medium in the presence of ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) and Y27632 (day 0). The medium was replaced by serum-free medium plus 2a2iL on day 1 without ROCKi. Compact dome-shaped colonies began to appear on day 3. The resultant naïve-like cells were passaged as single cells in the absence of ROCKi on day 5 in 2iL medium. 2a2iL-hPSCs were passaged every 3 to 4 days in 2iL, and kept typical naïve-like morphology for over 50 passages.
B. Analysis of cytokine expression by CD4T cells isolated from the spleen and restimulated with MOG for 6 h. Data are representative FACS plots, gated on VD-TCRβ+CD4+CD44+cells (upper row) with mean frequencies among CD4T cells per group ± SEM, and (lower row) with mean frequencies per group.Cells (A-D) were isolated at day 9 after MOG/CFA/PTx immunization. Data consist of n=5 mice of each genotype. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, N.S. - not significant; two-tailed unpaired t-test. Experiments were performed twice with similar results.
(e) Lysates of 293ET cells were immunoprecipitated (IP) using the indicated antibodies or an isotype control. Lysates and precipitates were blotted (IB) for the presence of TBK1, IKKε and IKKβ.
(D) The ab initio shape envelopes of the DB12s of DENV2 (left), ZIKV (middle) and WNV (right) in two views. The atomic models from de novo structure modeling by Rosetta were superimposed onto the respective envelopes. The back-calculated scattering profiles of the de novo atomic models are fitted to the respective experimental scattering profiles in (A). (E) The ab initio shape envelopes of the PK3 mutants of ZIKV DB12s, the ZIKV-DB12-PK3∆ (left) and WNV-DB12-PK3∆ (right) in two views, suggesting open conformations upon PK3 mutations.
E WT and ADAP−/− OT-I CD8+ CTLs were pretreated with 10 μg/ml anti-PD-1 antibody or IgG control, followed by incubation with 10 nM OVA257-264-pulsed EL4 cells to examine in vitro killing ability (mean of triplicates ± SD).
(A) Diagram of MDMX mutant constructs and summary of CK1α inhibitory efficiency.
MFI of surface E-cadherin of murine PDA cells pretreated with 20μM W7 for 24h and then DMSO, 2.5μM ionomycin, or 20μM W7 with 2.5μM ionomycin for 24h. Experiment was repeated in two different murine PDA cell lines in triplicate. Statistical analysis by ANOVA (**, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; non-significant (NS); ±SD).
F Disruption of epidermal morphology after upregulation of autophagy. The membrane marker Src-GFP is lost from large areas of the epidermis and nuclei have lost their regular spacing. Image in control and rictori panels are from the time laps in Appendix Fig S5B and Movie EV12.
(C) Representative immunoblot of the HTT (ab-MAB5492) after filter retardation assay from the insoluble cellular fraction upon expression of HTTex1 16Q eGFP or 72Q eGFP or its phosphorylation-incompetent mutants with the indicated kinases for 48 hour in HEK293T cells. (D) Quantification of the fold change in HTT aggregates compared to EV expressing HTTex1 16Q from the experiments like in C.
J) Western blot analysis for protein levels in Raji cells expressed NTC or ALKBH5 shRNAs and knocked down MYC or not (J). HPRT1 and β-actin serve as negative and loading controls, respectively. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments.
Classification accuracy of the SVM-prediction model described, in an independent validation cohort of 19 SQCLC and 19 HNSCC cases.
A. qPCR analysis of CCR7, IL12, CCL19, CXCL10, MRC1, TGFβ, CD209 and VEGF on RNA samples from MHCII or MRC1 tumor extracted macrophages (n=5 isolation per group).Statistical analysis: A. G. Mann-Whitney u-test. Error bars: A-D-E-F: meanSD
(A) Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pulldown protein from Mulberry bark derived exosome-like nanoparticles (MBELNs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treated MC38 cell lysate. Data from three technical replicates are shown.
B. Levels of phospho-PKA substrates (p-PKA substrates), phospho-CREB (p-CREB), CREB, G6pc Pck, Prom1 and GAPDH were determined after 18 hours fasting. Band intensity for p-CREB was quantified using Photoshop software.
A-D An experiment where HT29luc tumor cells were implanted intravenously into YFP-SCID mice. (A) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. (B) Quantification of total metastatic burden in the liver and lymphatics, at 35 days post-implantation (DPI), from whole-body bioluminescent imaging (C). (D) Photograph of typical liver metastases.
A Fold-change of each annotated mRNA (log2FC, relative to the EV control), plotted against its q-value (-log10). mRNAs showing significant up- and down-regulation (qval<0.05) are marked in red and blue, respectively. The values reported in the graphs indicate the total numbers of up- and down-regulated genes (qval<0.05) and of the subset regulated above a defined threshold of |log2FC|>0.5.
Graphs represent ELISA (N = 5) in autophagic vacuoles (AVs) in the brain of 4 and 8 months old Tg-APPmice treated with 10 mg/kg Nilotinib or 5 mg/kg Bosutinib (N = 5) for 3 weeks showing (A) humanAβ1-42 (Insert is WB analysis of AVs showing LC3-B in AV10 and AV20 (1st blot) and LAMP2a in Lys (2nd blot) fraction) and (B)Aβ1-40,(C) p-Tau and (D) parkin.
F Differential deuteration of BAK in a membrane. Relative deuteration is mapped onto the structure of inactive monomeric BAK
Illustrations reflects the relevant components, but not precise physical association or order of events. B Histones are then conjugated to polySUMO chains by Ubc9 and E3 SUMO ligases. Both H2B ubiquitylation and histone sumoylation inhibit nucleosomal binding of Ctk1 kinase.
ELISA in autophagic vacuoles of 1 year old WT and parkin−/−mice (N = 5) injected with lentiviralAβ1-42 for 3 weeks and treated with 10 mg/kg Nilotinib and 5 mg/kg Bosutinib for 3 additional weeks showing (E) humanAβ1-42 and (F) p-Tau levels.
(F) ChIP-seq analysis of GAL4DBDCBX2.1 occupancy in HEK2935xUAS cells expressing DAXXMycHis (X-axis) or GAL4DBDCBX2.1 and DAXXMycHis (Y-axis), showing (log2) enrichment for GAL4DBDCBX2.1 at many TSSs (± 1 kb) in cells expressing the CBX2.1 protein (Y-axis).
Macroscopic appearance of livers from 10-month-old mice treated by DEN or vehicle. Scale bar, 1 cm. Black arrows indicates tumors.
C Mutant htb1-K123R ulp2Δ and htb1-K123R ULP2 strains with a pRS316-ULP2 cover plasmid were grown on the indicated plates at 30°C for 2-3 days. Three double mutant isolates were tested in parallel.
I Expression of inflammatory markers in the ileum of wildtype and Defa6-Ogt KO mice (n = 5)
(D) After 3 days-treatment cell lysates from treated and control untreated WT neurons were immunoblotted with α-synuclein and CSPα and protein levels were quantified.
Real time qPCR results of PAX6, NEUN, NESTIN, CSTB gene expression levels in PAX6- and NEUN- FACS sorted nuclei from f-CTRL d135 hCOs. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was based on T-student test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). For PAX6, 10 samples were analyzed as biological replicates: 5 for Pax6+sorted Nuclei and 5 for Neun+sorted Nuclei; for NEUN, NESTIN and CSTB, 9 samples were analyzed as biological replicates: 5 for Pax6+sorted Nuclei and 4 for Neun+sorted Nuclei.
Mice were superinfected as described in (A) (B) Survival of mice following bacterial superinfection Data information: Data from (B) are combined from two independent experiments, n=13 mice per experimental group All data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical significance was determined by logrank test in (B
A, Primary HBMEC were challenged with type I (RH) or type II (ME49) strains of T. gondii for the indicated time points. Cell lysates were used to probe for total Akt and phospho-Ser473 Akt by immunoblot.
WT and NRBF2 KO MEFs were treated with DMSO, 1 μM thapsigargin(TP) or 1 μM tunicamycin (TN) for 24 or 48 h. (a) Then cells were either imaged under phase-contrast microscope or (b) stained with propidium iodide (PI) and subjected to cell death rate analysis by flow cytometry. The representative images of cell morphology after treatments and quantitative analysis of PI-positive cells rate show marked increase of cell death in the NRBF2 KO MEFs compared with WT MEFs. (Data are shown as mean±s.e.m., P values are indicated on the figure, unpaired Student's t-test, n=5). Scale bars, 100 μm; Con, control.
(d) IL-3 was withdrawn from Ba/F3 cells in the presence or absence of BafA1 (100 nM) as indicated. Cell lysates were analysed for protein levels of glutamine synthetase, LC3 and hsp90. Shown are representative blots (n=2).
Western blots showing nucleo-cytoplasmic fractionation of WT-mCherry and MUT-mCherry iPSC-derived motor neurons with F (left panel) quantification of total mCherry and total untagged TDP-43 on α-tubulin and (right panel) relative cytoplasmic mCherry and untagged TDP-43 on total mCherry and total untagged TDP-43 respectively
(N) Quantification of klu+ cells and renewed ECs in kluReDDM>Diap1 posterior midguts (n=8) relative to 'Low' control in K and L, respectively. Data information: ox and whisker plot showing min to max values and the box is extending from the 25th to 75th percentiles. The line in the middle of the box is plotted at the median. P values (*, P<0.0261; **, P<0.005; ***, P<0.0021) calculated by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.
(C) Heatmap summarizing the effects of each of the nine TRs single knockdowns on the expression of the other TRs on day 6; The white color denotes no change in expression levels.
J Negative charges at the E2HTH weakens the diUb synthesis activity of the E2 family. Electrostatic models of the UBE2S, UBE2C, UBE2D2, and UBE2R2 HTH motifs were generated using the PBEQ solver (Jo et al, 2008). Active site cysteine is indicated as a yellow sphere. Negative to positive charge represented as a red to blue gradient.
(B) Representative immunoblot for FUS on protein extracts of E18.5 brain. Histone 3 is used as loading control.(C) Quantification of FUS protein levels from immunoblots . (**) p<0.01.
(H) Box plot showing the enrichment of CHR11 and PIE1 over H2A.Z target genes and non-H2A.Z target genes. The log2(fold change) values of RPKM between the CHR11-Flag or PIE1-Flag signals and the WT signals are shown. Center lines and box edges represent medians and the interquartile range (IQR), respectively. Whiskers extend to minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times of the IQR. The data shown are from two independent biological replicates. The difference between the CHR11-Flag and PIE1-Flag ChIP-seq levels was determined by student's t test. ** P<0.01.
A Representative images of the H&E staining of ileum and colon of 10-week-old male wildtype and Vil-Ogt KO mice. Scale bars = 100 μm
Steady-state protein levels of strains as described in (A) cultivated on YP media containing glycerol
E. The efficacy of miR-10b inhibition in intracranial tumors was assessed by qRT-PCR analysis of the resected tumor tissues, with miR-10b expression levels normalized to miR-125b.
A, B BMDCs were treated with OxPAPC or DPPC (40 μg/ml) for 60 min followed by R837 stimulation (5 μg/ml). (A) Supernatants were harvested after 18 h, and concentrations of IL-6 and IL-12 were quantified by ELISA. One-way ANOVA adjusted by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. Mean ± SD of triplicate determinations from > 3 independent experiments are shown.