EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure 6A. Quantification of Fbxl17 mRNA levels in DAOY cells transfected with control shRNA or shRNA targeting Fbxl17. (mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments, ***p<0.0005).B. Detection of Sufu protein levels in DAOY cells transfected with control shRNA or shRNA Fbxl17. Representative image of three independent experiments is shown.C. Quantification of Gli1 mRNA levels in DAOY cells transfected with control shRNA or shRNA Fbxl17. (mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments, **p<0.005).D. T2- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing tumour development in rats injected with DAOY cells transfected with control shRNA or shRNA against Fbxl17. One representative image for each condition, at 10 weeks is shown. Scale bar: 5mm. E. Graph showing area of T2 hyperintensity (a surrogate marker of tumourgrowth) between 4 and 10 weeks post-tumour induction. Animals were injected with DAOY cells stably expressing control shRNA or shRNA against Fbxl17 (10,000 cells/1µL). (mean ± SEM; n = 5; two-way ANOVA, followed by unpaired t-test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01).F. Representative immunohistochemistry image of Vimentin staining. Scale bar: 1 mm.G. Quantification of tumour growth (vimentin staining) in rats injected with DAOY cells transfected with either control shRNA or shRNA against Fbxl17 (mean ± SEM; n = 5; unpaired t-test, *p<0.05).H. Representative immunohistochemistry image of Ki67 staining. Scale bar: 0.5 mm/0.1 mm.I. Quantification of proliferative index (Ki67 staining) in rats injected with DAOY cells transfected with either control shRNA or shRNA against Fbxl17 (mean ± SEM; n = 5; unpaired t-test, *p<0.05).
Figure 7A-C. mRNA expression of Sufu, Gli1 and Fbxl17 detected in 285 medulloblastoma samples (GEO accession: GSE37382), stratified by tumor subtype. Level of significance (p) for Kruskal-Wallis (KW) rank test is p<10-8. Analysis using one-way anova gave comparable results.D. Expression of Gli1 and Fbxl17 in the 285 patients is shown colored by subgroup; level of significance (p) for Kruskal-Wallis (KW) rank test is p<10-8, and Spearman's rank correlation (R=0.5640) is indicated.E. Detection of HA-tagged Sufu wild type (WT) and HA-tagged Sufu S352F protein levels in NIH3T3 cells after cycloheximide (CHX) treatment. Where indicated, cells were transfected with a non- targeting siRNA (Control) or two siRNA to Fbxl17 (1) and (2).F. Assessment of Hh pathway activation using Gli1-luciferase reporter assay in MEFs Sufu-/- upon reintroduction of HA-tagged Sufu WT or Sufu mutant S352F using a retroviral system. (mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments, **p<0.005; ***p<0.0005).
Figure 1T2-weighed brain MRIs of patient A (D1-3) at 28 months of age and patient B at (D4-6) at 16 months of age, showing global brain atrophy as well as periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities.
Figure 3Quantifications of HOPS/CORVET subunits in fibroblast lysates (top) and representative immunoblots (bottom), analyzed as in (C). (E) VPS33A, (F) VPS11, (G) VPS18.Immunoblots (left) and quantifications normalized to control (right) of VPS16, VPS33A and VPS11 in lysates from fibroblasts transduced with a lentivirus to express VPS16 or control (empty vector).
Figure 4Analysis of the early endosome marker EEA1 in fibroblasts transduced with control or VPS16-expressing lentivirus by confocal microscopy. (A) Representative confocal micrographs. Scale bar, 20 μm. (B) Quantification of EEA1-stained puncta number and intensities (ca 80 cells analyzed for each of n=3 biological replicates).Analysis of intracellular Transferrin trafficking. Fibroblasts fed with fluorescently labeled Transferrin were co-stained with LysoTracker (G) or an antibody against LAMP2 (H). Representative images (left) of fibroblasts transduced with control virus, with magnified areas demonstrating co-localized puncta (arrowheads). Scale bars 10 μm or 2 μm (inserts). Quantifications (right) of the co-localization between Transferrin and LysoTracker or LAMP2, respectively, expressed as Pearson correlation coefficients. Colored horizontal bars indicate the median values and whiskers 5 and 95 percentiles (n=10 optical sections from 3 independent experiments).
Figure 5Confocal micrographs of fibroblasts transduced with control or VPS16-expressing lentivirus and labeled with LysoTracker. Scale bar, 20 μm. Quantification of LysoTracker-stained puncta number and intensities (ca 80 cells analyzed for each of n=3 biological replicates).Representative immunoblots (bottom) and summary quantifications (top) of the levels of LAMP1 (C) and LAMP2 (D) in fibroblasts, normalized to levels of actin (ACTB) and expressed as % of controls (n=3 biological replicates). Analysis of lysosomal Cathepsin D (CtsD) processing by immunoblotting. Immunoblot to detect CtsD isoforms (left) and quantification (right) of processing, calculated as the percentage of CtsD divided by the sum of all isoforms (n=3 biological replicates).
Figure 6Analysis of autophagosome numbers in fibroblasts transfected to express mRFP-GFP-LC3. (F) Representative confocal micrographs (optical sections) of fibroblasts imaged live under basal or serum-starved conditions. Scale bar, 20 μm.Analysis of autophagosome numbers in fibroblasts transfected to express mRFP-GFP-LC3. Quantification of autophagosomes, defined as green + red puncta (G) and autophago-lysosomes, calculated as the number of red (but not green) puncta divided by the total number of puncta. Colored horizontal bars denote median values and whiskers 5 and 95 percentiles (n=50-113 cells from a total of 3 independent experiments; for exact values see Appendix Table S1).
Figure 7Myelination, as reported using the Tg(mbp:gfp-caax) transgenic, is significantly reduced in vps16 crispants. The yellow box indicates the region assessed in D. Scale bar 100 μm. Bar graphs represent data as mean ±SEM. Statistical comparisons by Mann-Whitney U tests (n=6). ** p < 0.01.
Figure 8LysoTracker signal colocalizes with the astroglial reporter slc1a2b:citrine and does not appear to overlap with the pan-neuronal reporter elavl3:GCaMP5G.
Figure 1b. In vitro activity. Left y-axis: 13C2-oxalate in mM, right y-axis: 13C-formate in mM, x-axis: time in minutes. SYNB8802 (blue, circles, solid line: oxalate, dotted line: formate) The control EcN (pink, triangle, solid line: oxalate, dotted line: formate). Three biological replicates were run and plotted separately.c. In vitro simulation (IVS). Left y-axis: Rate of oxalate degradation in μmol/h/109 cells. X-axis = time in hours. Left X-axis 0 - 4 hours, Right X-axis 6 - 48 h. Three biological replicates were run and plotted separately. Data points in the orange box represent incubation in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Data points in the light blue box represent incubation in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Data points in the pink box represent incubation in simulated colonic fluid (SCF).
Figure 2b. Acute mouse study of UOx lowering with SYNB8802. The y-axis shows the urinary 13 C2-oxalate normalized to creatine. The x-axis shows the two groups, EcN (control, pink) vs SYNB8802AbxR (light blue; n = 15 mice per group). Individual dots represent each metabolic cage (n = 3 mice per metabolic cage). Error bars are calculated as SEM. (unpaired t-test with Welch's correction, **** p < 0.0001)d. Nonhuman primate model development study. The y-axis shows urinary oxalate normalized to creatine. X-axis shows baseline urinary oxalate levels after overnight fast, and urinary oxalate measured 6 hours post administration of either a spinach preparation (triangle, pink) or water (circle, blue) (n=6 for each group). Individual dots represent individual animals. Error bars are calculated as SEM. (Two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak's multiple comparison analysis, **** p < 0.0001).f. Urinary recovery of oxalate in nonhuman primates. The y-axis shows change in urinary oxalate from vehicle control. The x-axis shows vehicle (control, grey) and increasing doses of SYNB8802AbxR (n = 24 for vehicle, n = 6 for treatment groups). Individual dots represent normalized urinary oxalate for each individual animal. Error bars are calculated as SEM. (One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison analysis, * p < 0.05)g. Urinary recovery of 13C2 oxalate in nonhuman primates. The y-axis shows change in urinary 13C2-oxalate from vehicle control. The x-axis shows vehicle (control, grey) and increasing doses of SYNB8802AbxR (n = 24 for vehicle, n = 6 for treatmentgroups). Individual dots represent normalized urinary 13C2-oxalate for each individual animal. Error bars are calculated as SEM. (One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison analysis, ** p < 0.01)
Figure 1(B) Time constants of decay, τdecay, of the STC isolated pharmacologically in WT and FHM2 KI mice. Top, superimposed representative traces of the inward current evoked in an astrocyte (held at -90 mV) by a single pulse stimulation (indicated by the arrow) in a WT slice, before (trace a) and after (trace b) application of a saturating concentration of the GluT inhibitor TFB-TBOA (TBOA). The STC was obtained by subtracting the residual current remaining in the presence of TBOA from the total inward current (trace a-b); the decay of the STC was best fitted by a single exponential function with τdecay = 6.53 ms (in red). The bar plot shows the average values of τdecay of the STC isolated pharmacologically in cortical slices (n=13) from P22-23 WT (N=7) and KI mice (n=9; N=3). STC τdecay is 17% higher in KI compared to WT astrocytes (unpaired t-test: P = 0.003). Hereafter, n indicates the number of slices and N indicates the number of mice.(C) τdecay of the STC isolated using an exponential waveform approximating the average TBOA-insensitive current in WT and KI mice. Top trace, average normalized TBOA-insensitive current obtained by pooling the normalized TBOA-insensitive currents recorded in 16 WT and KI cells. This current was best fitted by an exponentially rising function (1-exp (-t/τrise)) with τrise= 2.35 ms (in green). The STC was obtained by subtracting from the total current elicited in the astrocyte (a: same representative trace as in (B)) the exponential function A(1-exp (-t/τrise)) with τrise = 2.35 ms and A equal to the maximal current measured in the astrocyte at about 60 ms after stimulation (trace c); the decay of the STC (trace a-c) was best fitted by a single exponential function with τdecay = 6.49 ms (in red). The bar plot shows the average values of τdecay of the STC isolated as shown in the top panel in cortical slices from P22-23 WT (n = 28; N=11) and KI mice (n = 27; N=9). STC τdecay is 21% higher in KI compared to WT astrocytes (unpaired t-test: P < 0.0001).
Figure 2(A) Isolation of the STC elicited by the last pulse of a high-frequency train of action potentials. Left: superimposed representative traces of the inward current evoked in an astrocyte (held at -90 mV) by extracellular stimulation with a train of 10 pulses (trace a: black) and a train of 9 pulses (trace b: brown) at 50 Hz in a WT cortical slice. The inward current elicited by the 10th pulse was obtained by subtracting the current elicited by 9 pulses from that elicited by 10 pulses (trace a-b). Right: The STC elicited by the 10th pulse (trace a-b-c) was obtained by subtracting the exponential function that simulates the TBOA-insensitive current elicited by a single pulse (trace c, obtained as in Figure 1C) to the 10-9 pulses difference current (trace a-b). The decay of the STC elicited by the 10th pulse was best fitted by a single exponential function with τdecay = 8.04 ms (in red).(B) τdecay of the STC elicited by the 10th pulse of 50 Hz (τ10 (50 Hz), left panel) and 100 Hz (τ10 (100 Hz), right panel) trains in layer 1 astrocytes in acute cortical slices from P22-23 WT (n = 23; N=10 for 50 Hz; n = 18; N=8 for 100 Hz) and KI (n = 21; N=9 for 50 Hz and n = 14; N=7 for 100 Hz) mice. The STC elicited by the 10th pulse was obtained as described in (A). STC τ10 (50 Hz) and τ10 (100 Hz) are 30% and 37% higher in KI compared to WT mice, respectively (unpaired t-test: P < 0.0001 in both cases).
Figure 4(A) Distribution of GLT-1agold particles in astrocytic processes contacting asymmetric synapses (perisynaptic astrocytic processes: PAP) in SI of 5 WT and 5 KI (2 male, 3 female) mice (P34-35). In cortical PAP of KI mice the density (particles/µm2) of total and membrane-associated gold particles (arrowheads) are reduced compared to WT mice, whereas the density of cytoplasmicgold particles (arrows) is comparable to that in WT (cf Table I for numerical values and statistics).(B) Distribution of GLT-1agold particles in excitatory axon terminals forming asymmetric synaptic contact (AxT) in SI of P34-35 WT and KI mice. In cortical AxT of KI and WT mice, GLT-1a density is comparable (arrowheads: membrane-associated gold particles; arrows: cytoplasmicgold particles) (cf Table I).
Figure 7(A) Western blottings of GLT-1a in cortical crude synaptic membranes of P39 WT mice following Cef treatment for 8 days. GLT-1a levels are significantly increased in mice treated with Cef (Cef WT, N = 4) compared to control saline-injected mice (Ctr WT, N = 4) (Mann-Withney U test: P = 0.028).(B) Visualization of GLT-1a+ puncta (green) and VGLUT1+ puncta (red) in sections from SI of P45-46 WT mice that were treated with saline (Ctr WT) or Cef (Cef WT). Arrows point to some GLT-1a/VGLUT1 related puncta. Framed regions (enlarged below) are examples of GLT-1a/VGLUT1 related puncta (arrowheads). Right, Cef treatment increased significantly the size of GLT-1a+ puncta overlaying VGLUT1 (142 and 186 GLT-1a+ puncta analyzed from 4 Ctr WT and 4 Cef WT mice, respectively; 3 sections/animal) (Mann-Withney U test: P < 0.0001). All microscopic fields are from layers II/III. Scale bars: 3.5 µm for left and right panels and 1 µm for enlarged framed areas.(C) CSD threshold and CSD velocity in cortical slices from P30-33 KI mice that were injected with saline (Ctr KI, n = 38; N=7) or Cef (Cef KI, n = 31; N=6). CSD threshold is 12% higher (Mann-Withney U test: P = 0.02) in Cef-treated compared to saline-treated KI mice. CSD velocity is not altered by Cef treatment (P = 0.90).
Figure 8(A) Distribution of GLT-1agold particles in PAP of saline-injected (Ctr KI, N=4) and Cef-treated KI mice (Cef KI, N=4) (P45-46). Cef treatment does not modify the density of total, cytoplasmic (arrows) and membrane-associated (arrowheads) gold particles in PAP of KI mice (cf Table II).(B) Distribution of GLT-1agold particles in AxT in SI of Ctr KI and Cef KI KI mice. The density of the membrane-associated gold particles (arrowheads) is increased in Cef-treated KI mice (cf Table II).(C) Western blottings of GLT-1a in cortical crude synaptic membranes of P39 KI mice following Cef treatment. GLT-1a levels are similar in Cef-treated (Cef KI, N=4) and and saline-injected (Ctr KI, N=4) (Mann-Withney U test: P = 0.83).(D) Visualization of GLT-1a+ puncta (green) and VGLUT1+ puncta (red) in KI mice that received saline (Ctr KI) and in Cef-treated KI mice (Cef KI) (P45-46). Arrows point to some GLT-1a/VGLUT1 related puncta; framed regions are examples of GLT-1a/VGLUT1 related puncta (arrowheads). Right, Cef treatment does not increase the size of GLT-1a+ puncta overlaying with VGLUT1 (160 and 175 GLT-1a+ puncta analyzed from the same 4 Ctr KI and 4 Cef KI used for post-embedding electron microscopy analysis; 3 sections/animal) (Mann-Withney U test: P = 0.31). Scale bar: 3.5 µm for left and right panels and 1 µm for enlarged framed areas. All microscopic fields are from layers II/III.
Figure 9(A) τdecay of the STC evoked by single pulse stimulation in layer 1 astrocytes in acute cortical slices from P22-23 WT mice before (Ctr WT) and after application of 2.5 µM DL-TBOA (TBOA 2.5) (n = 4; N=2) (right panel). The traces on the left are the corresponding average normalized STCs, isolated as in Figure 1C. The STC τdecay in TBOA 2.5 is 32 ± 2 % higher than in Ctr WT (paired t-test: P = 0.002). The left top panel shows the time course of τdecay of the transient component (due to the STC) of the current recorded in an astrocyte during a representative experiment in which TBOA 2.5 was applied at the time indicated by the horizontal bar. The steady-state effect was reached within 10-15 minutes from the beginning of the drug perfusion.(B) CSD threshold and velocity measured in cortical slices from P22-23 WT mice after perfusion for 20 minutes with extracellular solution without (Ctr WT: n = 23; N = 15) and with 2.5 µM DL-TBOA (TBOA 2.5: n = 25; N = 8). CSD threshold in TBOA 2.5 is 36 % lower than in Ctr WT (Mann-Withney U test test: P < 0.0001) and CSD velocity is 20% higher (unpaired t-test: P < 0.0001).(C) τdecay of the STC evoked by single pulse stimulation in layer 1 astrocytes in acute cortical slices from P22-23 WT mice before (Ctr WT) and after application of 1.5 µM DL-TBOA (TBOA 1.5) (n = 4; N=4). The STC τdecay in TBOA 1.5 is 22 ± 3 % higher than in Ctr WT (paired t-test: P = 0.004).(D) CSD threshold and velocity measured in cortical slices from P22-23 WT mice after perfusion for 20 minutes with extracellular solution without (Ctr WT: n = 23; N = 15) and with 1.5 µM DL-TBOA (TBOA 1.5: n = 18; N = 6). CSD threshold in TBOA 1.5 is 23 % lower than in Ctr WT (Mann-Withney U test test: P < 0.0001) and CSD velocity is 13 % higher (unpaired t-test: P = 0.003).
Figure 1(A Total PD-L1, PARP from colon (Colo-205), lung (A549), pancreatic (PANK1) lysates treated with indicated DR5 agonist antibodies named Lexa (lexatumumab), KMTR2 GAPDH is loading controlTotal PD-L1, PARP from triple negative breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-436) lysates treated with indicated DR5 agonist antibodies named Lexa (lexatumumab), KMTR2, BaCa, GAPDH is loading controlC) Total PD-L1, PARP, cleaved caspase-3 from ovarian cell (Cavo-3) lysates treated with indicated DR5 agonist antibodies named tigatuzumab. GAPDH is loading control(D) Total PD-L1, CD47, Calreticulin, PARP from MDA-MB-436 cell lysates treated with indicated DR5 agonist antibodies ± caspase inhibitor Z-VAD. GAPDH is loading control.(E) Total PD-L1 western blotting signal from the lysates of OVCAR-3 (n=3) and MDA-MB-436 (n=3) cells after 6 hrs treatment of 100nM lexa (DR5 agonist antibody) was normalized to GAPDH.(F) Surface biotinylation of PD-L1 from indicated tumor cells after indicated DR5 agonist treatments. Cleaved caspase-3 and PARP indicates activation of DR5 signaling. In lane 3 and 4, KMTR2 was pre-neutralized either with recombinant DR5 (rDR5) or recombinant FOLR1 (rFOLR1).(G) Representative flow cytometry plots of PD-L1 from two different tumor cell lines treated with indicated DR5 antibodies. Secondary alone and IgG1 control are included.(H) Relative surface PD-L1 % cells, after DR5 agonist treatments Relative signal is normalized to surface PD-L1 in IgG1 treated cells in corresponding tumor cells and horizontal line in samples indicated mean (n=3-4).(J) Relative surface PD-L1 % cells in indicated tumors after DR5 agonist treatments Relative signal is normalized to surface PD-L1 in IgG1 treated tumors and horizontal line in samples indicated mean (n=2-6)(K) ER (-), PR (-) and HER2 (-) UCD52 patient derived tumor tissue was xenografted in breast fat pad of NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice, following by treatment with IgG1 or KMTR2 (50μg, 4 doses). Harvested tumors were analyzed for PD-L1, CD47 and PARP in lysates.(L) KMTR2 treated (50μg, 4 doses) UCD52 TNBC PDX tumors were stained for PD-L1 using immunohistochemistry (IHC).(M) Total PD-L1 and CD47 blotting analysis from DR5 resistant MDA-MB-436 cell lines after indicated DR5 agonist treatment (50nM, 6hr).
Figure 2(C) Luciferase activity of reporter lines from tumor cell-Jurkat cell co-culture assay using MDA-MB-436 and OVCAR3 cells after treatment (50nM) with indicated DR5 agonists (tiga: tigatuzumab, AMG: AMG655, KMTR1, Lexa: Lexatumumab). The background luciferase signal from untreated cells (due to basal surface PD-L1) was subtracted. Various controls treatments (IgG1, anti-PD-L1, anti-EGFR) are also shown (n=3). (D) Same as (C) except tumor cells were pre-treated with indicated inhibitors for AKT, ERK, mTOR, MEK, STAT3, PARP-i and NF-Kβ along with DR5 agonist KMTR2 antibody prior to co-culture. MDA-MB-436 cells were treated with TNFα and indicated DR5 agonists for indicated times. Lysates were analyzed for PD-L1, CSN5 GAPDH is loading control in EMDA-MB-436 cells were treated with TNFα and indicated DR5 agonists for indicated times. Lysates were analyzed for PD-L1 phosphorylated p65, total p65, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. Tubulin is loading control in F.MDA-MB-436 cells were treated with TNFα and indicated DR5 agonists for indicated times. Lysates were analyzed for PD-L1, CSN5, phosphorylated p65 and PARP. GAPDH is loading control in G.(H) Flow cytometry analysis of MDA-MB-436 cells treated with TNFα ± MG132 (top) and indicated DR5 agonist ± MG132 (bottom).(I) Total PD-L1 from OVCAR3 cell lysates was analyzed after treatment of indicated DR5 agonist ± MG132.(J) Flow cytometry surface PD-L1 analysis of OVCAR-3 cells treated with indicated DR5 agonist ± MG132.(K) MDA-MB-436 cells were treated with MG132 for indicated times and total PD-L1 from lysates was analyzed. GAPDH is loading control.(L) Immunoblotting of DR5 confirming generation of knock out (DR5-KO) cell lines.(M) Cell viability analysis of DR5-KO and DR5-WT cells (n=3).(N) DR5-KO and WT cells were treated with TNFα and indicated DR5 agonist followed by flow cytometry using PD-L1 specific antibodies.(O) TNBC WT and DR5-KO (MDA-MB-436) cells were treated with either DR5 agonist or TNFα as indicated. Lysates were analyzed for PD-L1, S5a and DR5. GAPDH is loading control.(P) OVCAR-3 and MDA-MB-436 (WT and DR5-KO) cells were treated with KMTR2 followed by ubiquitin and S5a immunoblotting from total lysates. GAPDH is loading control.
Figure 3ApoEVs isolated after IgG1 and KMTR2 treatment (OVCAR-3) were blotted against CD63 and PD-L1 in dot blots.ApoEVs isolated after IgG1 and tigatuzumab treatment (MDA-MB-436) were run on western and blotted against CD63 and PD-L1.ApoEVs isolated after IgG1 and lexatumumab (D) treatment (MDA-MB-436) were run on western and blotted against CD63 and PD-L1.(F) ApoEVs isolated from DR5 sensitive tumor cells grown in Met-HPG+ media were added on to DR5-KO cells (growing in regular media). After 48 hrs flow cytometry analysis was carried out with HPG catalyzing dye. HPG incorporation from flow cytometry data confirms ApoEVs transfer from cells growing in Met-HPG+ (DR5-WT) to DR5-KO cells.(G) ApoEVs isolated from DR5-WT OVCAR-3 cells (KMTR2 treated) were added on to DR5-KO (MDA-MB-231) cells for indicated times (24-96 hrs) to analyze PD-L1 transfer kinetics from ApoEVsafter addition of MDA-MB-436 derived ApoEVs (treated with combination of KMTR2+lexatumumab DR5 agonists or IgG1) on to DR5-KO MDA-MB-231 cells, total lysates were immunoblotted for PD-L1 after 24 hrs. KMTR2+lexatumumab (n=3), IgG1 (n=2).(I) Left: PD-L1 surface histogram shows direct antibody treatment on DR5-KO cells. Right: PD-L1 surface histogram from DR5-KO cells after treatment (24 hrs) with ApoEVs isolated from DR5 sensitive cells after either Lexa or KMTR2 treatment.ApoEVs treated tumor cells were analyzed in PD-1 reporter co-culture assays for luciferase signal(K) MDA-MB-436 cells were treated with KMTR2 for 6 hrs and along with ZDEVD for indicated times. - ZDEVD shows final time of KMTR2 exposure to cells in absence inhibitor. Lysates were immunoblotted for cleaved caspase-3, 8, PARP, PD-L1, S5a, ROCK1 and GAPDH (n=3). u.c: uncleaved, c: cleaved, n.s: non-specific band(L) Relative caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity assays caspase-8 maintained steady activity, while caspase-3 activity required at least 40 (+) mins of DR5 agonist treatment without ZDEVD (n=3).(M) After indicated treatments with KMTR2 (DR5 agonist) and ZDEVD (caspase-3 preferred inhibitor) , cells were allowed to grow 24 hrs, followed by cell viability analysis.