EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure legend: "(a) LRO (lysosome-related organelle) live Nile red-stained images of hlh-30(tm1978) and wild-type (WT) L3 larvae starved for 60 h show that hlh-30 is required for the expansion of the lysosomal compartment following fasting. Quantification as mean±s.e.m. relative to fasted wild-type worms is also presented; n = 3 independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"hlh-30: 177157"
Figure legend: "(b) Transcriptional levels of the autophagy genes lgg-1, lgg-2 and atg-16.2 in fasted wild-type and hlh-30(tm1978) young-adult worms show that transcriptional activation of autophagy following fasting is hlh-30 dependent (mean ddCt+s.e.m. relative to wild-type ad libitum-fed worms). n = 3 independent experiments"
NCBI gene IDs:
"atg-16.2: 174067
hlh-30: 177157
lgg-1: 174050
lgg-2: 177989"
Figure legend: "(c) The mean percentage (+ s.d.) of L1 larvae alive after 48 h fasting in minimum media shows that hlh-30 (tm1978) mutant animals are sensitive to starvation. n = 3 independent experiments. For L4 survival see Supplementary Fig. S6g."
NCBI gene IDs:
"hlh-30: 177157"
Figure legend: "(a) Expression analyses of the liver of C57BL/6J 9-week females fasted overnight (ON) for 10 h relative to siblings feeding ad libitum show that LipA (mouse lysosomal acid lipase), Map1lc3a (mammalian lgg-1/lgg-2) and Tfeb (mammalian hlh-30) but not Max (mammalian mxl-3) are transcriptionally linked to nutrients in the mouse liver (median+s.e.m. fold change; ddCt). Levels of expression were normalized to ActB and Cog2 as internal controls; all but Max differences are significant (P0.05), n = 3 independent experiments. Cyp4a14 is a positive control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ActB: 
Cog2: 
Cyp4a14: 13119
hlh-30: 177157
lgg-1: 174050
lgg-2: 177989
LipA: 16889
Map1lc3a: 66734
Max: 17187
mxl-3: 181457
Tfeb: 21425"
Figure legend: "(b) Expression analyses of control or hTFEB siRNA treated HepG2 cells incubated in EBSS minimal medium for 2, 4 or 8 h, compared with the expression of control or hTFEB siRNA treated hepatocytes in complete media, show that LAL (human lysosomal acid lipase), MAP1LC3A and TFEB but not MAX are transcriptionally linked to nutrients in human hepatocytes, and that LAL and MAP1LC3A induction under nutrient deprivation are TFEB dependent (median dCt+s.e.m.). Levels of expression were normalized to ACTB as internal control; all butMAX differences are significant (P0.05), n = 3 independent experiments. IGFBP is a positive control. EBSS, Earles's balanced salt solution."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ACTB: 
IGFBP: 3484
LAL: 3988
MAP1LC3A: 84557
MAX: 4149
hTFEB: 7942
TFEB: 7942"
Figure legend: "(a) Wild-type (WT), mxl-3(ok1947), hlh-30(tm1978) or mxl-3(ok1947);hlh-30(tm1978) double mutant were used in longevity epistasis analyses, revealing that hlh-30 suppresses the mxl-3 extended lifespan phenotype. Animals were incubated at 20°C and transferred every other day until cessation of reproduction. The cumulative survival curve is depicted. Kaplan-Meier statistics, calculated using SSPS 17, are also shown."
NCBI gene IDs:
"hlh-30: 177157
mxl-3: 181457"
Figure legend: "(b) Live Nile red quantification of wild-type and lipl-1lipl-3 double mutant worms shows that lipl-1 and lipl-3 contribute to the clearance of lipids from the endocytic pathway. Mean+s.e.m. signal intensity is shown as percentage relative to wild type; significant differences are indicated; n = 4 independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"lipl-1: 179771
lipl-3: 178572"
Figure legend: "(c,d) Animals overexpressing LIPL-1 or LIPL-3 were incubated at 25 °C and transferred every other day until cessation of reproduction. Data presented as in Fig. 7a show that activated lysosomal lipolysis extends C. elegans lifespan. a Survival presented as mean lifespan (LS) ± s.e.m. b Number of uncensored animals (animals that crawled off the plate, bagged, exploded or became contaminated were censored)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LIPL-1: 179771
LIPL-3: 178572"
Figure legend: "Snapshots of ChIP-seq signals of Sen1 (this study), RNAP3 (this study) and RNAP2 (data from (Larochelle et al, 2018)) across the U6 snRNA snu6"
NCBI gene IDs:
"snu6: 
U6 snRNA: "
Figure legend: "Snapshots of ChIP-seq signals of Sen1 (this study), RNAP3 (this study) and RNAP2 (data from (Larochelle et al, 2018)) across the srp7 loci."
NCBI gene IDs:
"srp7: 5802954"
Figure legend: "ChIP-qPCR analysis of the Flag-tagged RNAP3 subunit Rpc37 and Flag-tagged Sen1 across the SPCTRNAARG.10 tRNA locus, whose TATA box was either mutated (TATA-) or not (TATA+). The mutations introduced to disrupt the putative TATA boxes are indicated in red above the graphs. The enrichment values were normalized to SPCTRNATHR.10 (mean ± standard deviation from 4 biological replicates; p-value obtained using the Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney statistical test)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SPCTRNAARG.10: 3361068
SPCTRNATHR.10: 3361099"
Figure legend: "Strand-specific RT-qPCR was used to quantify the indicated RNAP3 transcripts. Transcript levels were normalized to act1 (mean ± standard deviation from 3 biological replicates)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"act1: 
RNAP3: "
Figure legend: "Snapshots of ChIP-seq signals of the RNAP3 subunits Rpc1 and Rpc2 in the presence or absence of Sen1 across a representative (A) tRNA gene, (B) 5S rRNA gene and (C) srp7. Boxed regions highlight the increased density of reads in the downstream region of genes in the absence of Sen1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Sen1: 2541556
srp7: 5802954"
Figure legend: "Average ChIP-seq profile of Rpc1 and Rpc2 across all isolated tRNA and 5S rRNA genes in the presence and absence of Sen1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Sen1: 2541556"
Figure legend: "Scanning of Rpc37-3flag occupancy at three different tDNA loci in the absence of Sen1 by ChIP-qPCR (mean ± standard deviation from 6 biological replicates)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Sen1: 2541556"
Figure legend: "Northern blot analysis of the tRNA SPATRNAPRO.02 using an intron-specific probe (TCTAAACTCAGCATACAAGTGGGG). U5 snRNA was used as a loading control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"U5 snRNA: 
SPATRNAPRO.02: 14218195"
Figure legend: "ChIP-qPCR analysis of Rpc37 around SPCTRNAARG.10 gene in the strong terminator mutant (mean ± standard deviation from 4 biological replicates)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SPCTRNAARG.10: 3361068"
Figure legend: "Strand specific RT-qPCR was used to quantify read-through transcripts at SPCTRNAARG.10 (arg10) and SPCTRNASER.09 (ser09) in the strong terminator mutant (mean ± standard deviation from 4 biological replicates; p-value obtained using the Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney statistical test)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"arg10: 3361068
SPCTRNAARG.10: 3361068
SPCTRNASER.09: 3361067
ser09: 3361067"
Figure legend: " (D-E) RT-qPCR analysis of the mRNA levels of MyoD (D 24h after treatment relative to the NT control. Data information: All quantifications are of three independent experiments (n = 3) and error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). Significance between means was first determined using ANOVA. Significance p-values were calculated using Fisher&quot;s LSD. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from NT controls; ††, p &lt; 0.01 from IFNγ/TNFα treated controls "
NCBI gene IDs:
"MyoD: 17240"
Figure legend: " (D-E) RT-qPCR analysis of the mRNA levels o myogenin (E) 24h after treatment relative to the NT control. Data information: All quantifications are of three independent experiments (n = 3) and error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). Significance between means was first determined using ANOVA. Significance p-values were calculated using Fisher&quot;s LSD. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from NT controls; ††, p &lt; 0.01 from IFNγ/TNFα treated controls "
NCBI gene IDs:
"myogenin: 17928"
Figure legend: " (F) RT-qPCR analysis of iNOS mRNA levels relative to the IFNγ/TNFα control 24h after treatment Data information: All quantifications are of three independent experiments (n = 3) and error bars represent the SEM For panels E through G, p-values were calculated using the Student&quot;s t-test. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from DMSO controls; ††, p &lt; 0.01 from IFNγ/TNFα treated controls"
NCBI gene IDs:
"iNOS: 106736473"
Figure legend: " (D-E) RT-qPCR analysis of Atrogin-1/MAFbx (D mRNA expression from the tibialis anterior of three mice per cohort (n = 3). Data information: Error bars represent the SEM. Significance between means was first determined using ANOVA. Significance p-values were calculated using Fisher&quot;s LSD. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from saline controls; †, p &lt; 0.05; ††, p &lt; 0.01 from C26 controls "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Atrogin-1: 67731
MAFbx: 67731"
Figure legend: " (D-E) RT-qPCR analysis o MuRF1 (E) mRNA expression from the tibialis anterior of three mice per cohort (n = 3). Data information: Error bars represent the SEM. Significance between means was first determined using ANOVA. Significance p-values were calculated using Fisher&quot;s LSD. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from saline controls; †, p &lt; 0.05; ††, p &lt; 0.01 from C26 controls "
NCBI gene IDs:
"MuRF1: 433766"
Figure legend: " (B-C) RT-qPCR analysis of Atrogin-1/MAFbx (B mRNA expression from the tibialis anterior of four mice per cohort (n = 4). Data information: Error bars represent the SEM. Significance between means was first determined using ANOVA. Significance p-values were calculated using Fisher&quot;s LSD. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from PF controls "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Atrogin-1: 67731
MAFbx: 67731"
Figure legend: " (B-C) RT-qPCR analysis o MuRF1 (C) mRNA expression from the tibialis anterior of four mice per cohort (n = 4). Data information: Error bars represent the SEM. Significance between means was first determined using ANOVA. Significance p-values were calculated using Fisher&quot;s LSD. *, p &lt; 0.05; **, p &lt; 0.01 from PF controls "
NCBI gene IDs:
"MuRF1: 433766"
Figure legend: "Retrotransposon transcription in WT (Hu303), fft2Δ (Hu1955), fft3Δ (Hu1867), and fft2Δfft3Δ (Hu2000). A) Transcription in fft2Δ relative to WT over chromosome 1. The top and bottom panels represent fold change in tiling array signal from the forward and reverse strands, respectively. Coordinates are shown in the middle panel; genes more than 2-fold upregulated are marked: Tf2 retrotransposons (black); antisense to Tf2 elements (gray); coding genes (green); noncoding RNAs (blue)"
NCBI gene IDs:
"Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "Retrotransposon transcription in WT (Hu303), fft2Δ (Hu1955), fft3Δ (Hu1867), and fft2Δfft3Δ (Hu2000). B) Northern blot for the Tf2 ORF; rRNA staining of the same membrane by methylene blue is shown below. Two different exposures of the molecular size marker are shown (left)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "Retrotransposon transcription in WT (Hu303), fft2Δ(Hu1955), fft3Δ (Hu1867), and fft2Δfft3Δ (Hu2000). C) qPCR scheme. Amplicon 1 spans the end of the LTR and into the ORF. Amplicon 2 does not include the LTR but covers the translation start site. Amplicon 3 is entirely within the ORF. D) Bar graph representing RNA levels for the amplicons depicted in (C), relative to a control locus (SPAC1F8.07c) and to WT levels, as measured by qPCR. Error bars represent standard deviation of duplicate reverse transcriptions of biological triplicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SPAC1F8.07c: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "Retrotransposon transcription in WT (Hu303), fft2Δ (Hu1955), fft3Δ (Hu1867), and fft2Δfft3Δ (Hu2000). E) 5'RACE products run on a 1.5% agarose gel."
NCBI gene IDs:
"fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "Top panel: Y-axis shows the CAGE signal intensity (tag-per-million normalized number of mapped CAGE tags on plus strand). X axis shows LTR and 5' of Tf2 ORF. Three biological replicates are shown for each strain: fft2Δfft3 and WT. Bottom: LTR and tf2 ORF are colored: U3 (green), R (red), U5 (blue), self primer and primer binding sequence (PBS; gray), beginning of ORF (gray striped). TSS of all Tf2 transcripts from (Rhind et al, 2011) are shown as gray dots above the sequence elements. The black square indicates the 5' end of the Tf2 mRNA in WT and the green square indicates the 5' end in fft2Δ fft3Δ detected by 5'RACE."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Tf2: 
tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "A) Fft2 and Fft3 are both enriched at LTRs, while Fft2 is also enriched at the tf2 coding region. Fft2 LTR enrichment increases in fft3Δ cells, while Fft3 LTR enrichment decreases slightly in fft2Δ cells. Top: Fft2 -myc enrichment in WT (solid line) and in fft3Δ (dashed line). Bottom: Fft3 -myc enrichment in WT (solid line) and in fft2Δ (dashed line). ChIP-chip signal is normalized against no-epitope control arrays."
NCBI gene IDs:
"tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "B) Nucleosome occupancy over the LTR U3 is significantly reduced (average reduction ~50%; average p-values at each position &lt;0.001, Poisson test) in fft2Δ fft3Δ cells. MNase-seq data aligned at the start of tf25'LTRs is shown for WT (black line), and fft2Δ fft3Δ (dark gray line). Light gray line indicates significance of difference between WT and mutant signals: amplitude reflects significance (p-value) and sign reflects the sign of occupancy change in mutant vs. WT cells. Error bars show standard deviation of nucleosome occupancy averaged over 13 tf2 elements. LTR and tf2ORF are colored: U3 (green), R (red), U5 (blue), self primer and primer binding sequence (PBS; gray), beginning of ORF (gray striped). TSS of all tf2 transcripts from (Rhind et al, 2011) are shown as gray dots above the sequence elements, while the green dot indicates the TSS in fft2Δ fft3Δ."
NCBI gene IDs:
"tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "A) Mean nucleosome occupancy over solo LTRs (n=236) and tf2-associated LTRs (n=25), in WT and in fft2Δ fft3Δ."
NCBI gene IDs:
"tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "B) Mean ratio of expression (fft2Δ fft3Δ /WT) for each of the following categories: non-coding with LTR (n=69) / without LTR (n=1665) (p=0.008); protein coding with LTR (n=246) / without LTR (n=4887) (p&lt;0.001); Tf2s (n=13). A and B) Data shown as box plots, significance of difference between categories was assessed by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (** p&lt;0.001)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "A) Heat and oxidative stress cause a Tf2 TSS shift in WT cells, resulting in the production of reverse transcription competent Tf2 transcripts. Transcription fold change as in Figure 1D, but relative to act1 transcription and to transcription in the same culture immediately prior to stress, as measured by qPCR. Error bars represent standard deviation of reverse transcriptions of biological duplicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"act1: 
Tf2: "
Figure legend: "B) Heat shock-associated TSS shift is accompanied by a reduction in LTR nucleosome occupancy. The degree of nucleosome loss is greater in WT cells than in fft2Δ fft3Δ cells, where nucleosome occupancy is already very low (Fig 2B, Fig S3). LTR nucleosome occupancy shown relative to occupancy of the Tf2 ORF +1 nucleosome, measured by MNase-qPCR."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "C) Exposure to stress conditions does not increase Tf2 transcript levels further in fft2Δ fft3Δ cells. Transcription fold change as in Figure 1D, but relative to act1 transcription and to transcription in the same culture immediately prior to stress, as measured by qPCR. Error bars represent standard deviation of reverse transcriptions of biological duplicates"
NCBI gene IDs:
"act1: 
Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "B) Bar graph representing RNA levels as in Fig. 1D, relative to a control locus (act1) and to WT levels, as measured by qPCR. Error bars represent standard deviation of nucleosome occupancy of biological duplicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"act1: "
Figure legend: "A) Fluorescencein situ hybridization with a probe against tf2 elements (green), and DAPI staining (blue) in WT and fft2Δ fft3Δ cells. B) The number of tf2 element signal clusters is significantly elevated (p=9.8x10-18, χ2-test) in fft2Δ fft3Δ cells, indicating a loss of retrotransposon clustering. Tf2 clustering was counted in wt cells (n=663), fft2∆ (n=556), fft3∆ (n=493), fft2∆ fft3∆ (n=636). Significance of difference between strains was assessed by Chi-square test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"tf2: 
Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "A) Pictures of YES plates with G418 showing growth of G418 resistant subclones in fft3D (PP3) and fft2Dfft3D (PP4) mutant strains with new integrations of Tf2-12-neoAI. After 3 days at 32o C."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Tf2: 
fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "C) Southern blot probed for neoA fft3D (PP3) and fft2Dfft3D mutant strains (PP4) and derived G418 resistant subclones."
NCBI gene IDs:
"fft2: 2539045
fft3: 2541531"
Figure legend: "The Dyf phenotype of the ts-che-3 mutant was confirmed, with animals grown at the permissive temperature (15ºC) showing the ability to uptake dye, while those raised at the restrictive temperature (25ºC) are Dyf. Scale bar, 20 µm"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "Using the homodimeric kinesin OSM-3 as a marker for IFT, proper localisation is seen in the ts-che-3 mutant at the permissive temperature, with the strongest signal at the basal body (bb). At the restrictive temperature, most of the OSM-3 signal is found within the axoneme of the short, bulbous cilia. Scale bar is 4 µm"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "The ts-che-3 mutant shows normal osmotic avoidance at permissive temperature but not at the restrictive temperature, indicating defective chemosensation. The osm-9 mutant is included as a positive control. n = 50 animals; error bars are standard error"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593
osm-9: 177117"
Figure legend: "Three TZ markers (NPHP-4, CEP-290 and MKS-6) are shown at both the permissive (15ºC) and restrictive (25ºC) temperatures in the ts-che-3 mutant. At the permissive temperature, all three markers localise to the TZ, while at the restrictive temperature exhibit ectopic localisation (leakage) distally into the ciliary axoneme. While NPHP-4 and MKS-6 show significant accumulations, CEP-290 is grossly normal. At the permissive temperature, both IFT co-markers (CHE-13 and XBX-1) display strong localisation to the basal body (bb) and along the axoneme. At the restrictive temperature, the IFT markers show accumulation in the axoneme. Accumulations emphasized using asterisks"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "To determine if ciliary compartmentalisation could be restored, young ts-che-3 mutant adults were transferred to the permissive temperature after being raised at the restrictive temperature. The TZ proteins reassembled at the TZ, with loss of the ectopic accumulations, and IFT protein localisation was also restored-strongest at the basal body, similar to animals grown at the permissive temperature. (c) After 24 hours at the restrictive temperature, TZ proteins appear to begin to accumulate distally within the axoneme in ts-che-3 mutants. This is seen, in small amounts, for NPHP-4 and CEP-290 but with stronger ectopic localisation for MKS-6. The IFT proteins CHE-13 and XBX-1 also show accumulations in the axoneme after 24 hours at the restrictive temperature. Data information: For (A), (B), and (C), fluorescence quantification is shown for each marker at the indicated temperature in the heat maps on the right. Each point in the plot represents one pixel along the centre of the basal body (BB), transition zone (TZ) and middle segment (MS) regions. Dotted areas (three pixels) in the MS were used to quantify ectopic localisation (TZ markers) or accumulation (IFT markers) for statistical analyses. n = 10 cilia (4-7 animals), Kruskal-Wallis test, *P&lt;0.05, **P&lt;0.01. tz, transition zone; bb, basal body; scale bars are 4 µm"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "In the ts-che-3 mutant grown at the permissive temperature (15ºC), both RPI-2/RP2 and TRAM-1/TRAM1 are localised to the PCMC, just proximal to the ciliary axoneme. At the restrictive temperature, TRAM-1 shows leakage into the axoneme with its strongest localisation at the PCMC. Intriguingly, RPI-2 now displays strong localisation to the axoneme, indicating that in the absence of IFT, RPI-2 may be targeted into the cilium. When ts-che-3 mutant animals grown at the restrictive temperature (25ºC) are shifted at young adult to the permissive (15ºC) for 24 hours, both TRAM-1 and RPI-2 exhibit restoration of their PCMC localisation. Consistent with other TZ markers, both MKS-2 and MKSR-1 show ectopic localisation in the axoneme when grown at the restrictive temperature compared to the permissive temperature. Also consistent with what was observed for other markers, after 24 hours at the permissive temperature, animals grown at the restrictive temperature show loss of the ectopic localisation. Fluorescence quantification is shown for each marker at the indicated temperature in the heat maps on the right. Each point in the plot represents one pixel along the centre of the basal body (BB), transition zone (TZ) and middle segment (MS) regions. Dotted areas (three pixels) in the MS were used to quantify ectopic localisation (MKS-2 and MKSR-1) or accumulation (RPI-2 and TRAM-1) for statistical analyses. n = 10 cilia (4-6 animals), Kruskal-Wallis test, *P&lt;0.05, **P&lt;0.01; scale bars are 4 µm"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "Loss of CHE-3 function results in short, bulbous cilia containing electron dense accumulations and abnormal membrane-microtubule connections. Shown are transmission electron micrograph (TEM) cross sections of an amphid channel cilium in wild-type and che-3(e1124) null mutant animals. Representative images of wild-type cilia show intact middle segment (containing doublet microtubules) and transition zone (with Y-shaped links) (left top and bottom panels) regions. Representative images of che-3(e1124) cilia reveal apparently intact transition zones, with visible Y-link structures, but enlarged ciliary ends filled with electron-dense accumulations, which often appear vesicular. The bulbous structures reveal doublet microtubules associated with the membrane, and occasionally ectopic microtubule-to-membrane connections, which sometimes appear similar to transition zone Y-links in the region just distal to the seemingly \"normal\" TZ structure. Schematics show longitudinal (left images) and cross section (right images) representations of wild-type and che-3(e1124) cilia. tz, transition zone; pcmc, periciliary membrane compartment; scale bars are as indicated in (nm) for"
NCBI gene IDs:
"CHE-3: 172593
che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "Using the IFT marker BBS-7, cilia lengths were measured for wild-type and the ts-che-3 mutant animals raised at the permissive (15ºC) and shifted to the restrictive temperature (25ºC) for three time points. After 12 hours some accumulations (indicated by asterisks in the fluorescence images) are observed within the cilia but there is not a significant reduction in cilium length. After 18 and 24 hours, significant reduction in ciliary length is observed and large accumulations of BBS-7 is seen within short bulbous cilia, similar to what is observed in ts-che-3 animals raised at the restrictive temperature. n = 30-34 cilia, one per animal; Kruskal-Wallis test, **P&lt;0.01; error bars are mean absolute deviation; scale bars are 4 µm"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"
Figure legend: "IFT velocities were measured for wild-type or ts-che-3 mutant animals (grown at permissive temperature) and imaged at the permissive temperature, restrictive temperature or after 3 hours at the restrictive temperature. Compared to wild-type, anterograde velocities in the ts-che-3 dynein mutant are similar, while IFT retrograde rates are highly reduced for both the middle and distal ciliary segments. Interestingly, the ts-che-3 IFT dynein mutant appears to not only have slow retrograde IFT trains, but the trains also appear much larger and less frequent. Initially upon the temperature shift (&lt;15min) IFT rates are much faster for both wild-type and ts-che-3 dynein mutant, although retrograde remains much slower in the mutant. After 3 hours at the restrictive temperature, IFT velocities are intermediate between the rates seen at 15ºC and those observed at the initial shift to 25ºC"
NCBI gene IDs:
"che-3: 172593"