EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure legend: "A. hTR and NHP2 mRNA expression in U2OS-hTR cells 72 h post-transfection with siLuc or siNHP2, normalized to ACTB mRNA and to SI14/TEL+ cells (n=2). Data information: All scale bars: 5 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SD, with the red line marking the mean value."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ACTB: 60
Luc: 249591
NHP2: 55651
TR: 7012"
Figure legend: "B. Western blot showing NHP2 protein levels in the indicated cells treated with siLuc or siNHP2, 72 h post-transfection. β-Actin served as loading control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Luc: 249591
NHP2: 55651"
Figure legend: "C. Representative images for co-localization between p-RPA32S33 (green) and telomeres  (red FISH probe) in U2OS-hTR cells treated with control siLuc or siNHP2, 72 h post-transfection. White arrows indicate co-localization events. Quantification of  images is shown on the right. Each dot indicates the  number of co-localization events per nucleus  (n=2). Statistical analyses were performed with Student's two-tailed unpaired t-tests with Welch's correction for normality of distribution. Data information: All scale bars: 5 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SD, with the red line marking the mean value."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Luc: 249591
NHP2: 55651
TR: 7012"
Figure legend: "D. Representative images for TIF quantification: co-localization between 53BP1  (green) and telomeres (red FISH probe), measured 72 h post-transfection with siLuc or siNHP2 in cells further treated with either DMSO or Doxorubicin (DOXO, 1.5 μM) for 2 h. White arrows indicate TIF. Quantification of TIF is shown on the right. A total of at least 100 nuclei were scored from two independent experiments. Each dot represents the number of TIF per nucleus. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Games-Howell's test for multiple comparisons. Data information: All scale bars: 5 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SD, with the red line marking the mean value."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Luc: 249591
NHP2: 55651"
Figure legend: "E. Western blot analyses in U2OS and U2OS-hTR cells treated with the indicated siRNAs, 72 h post-transfection to detect total protein levels using the indicated antibodies. β-Actin and Vinculin served as loading controls."
NCBI gene IDs:
"TR: 7012"
Figure legend: "F. Representative images for 53BP1 foci formation in U2OS and U2OS-hTR cells, 72 h post-transfection with siLuc or siNHP2, exposed to 1 Gy irradiation and fixed at various time points post-irradiation as indicated."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Luc: 249591
NHP2: 55651
TR: 7012"
Figure legend: "A Growth curves show proliferation reduction in ATRX depleted U87 cells. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (s.d.), N = 2. 500 cells/well were plated."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546"
Figure legend: "B β-gal staining revealed the increased senescent cell population in ATRX-deleted U87 cells. Upper panel, micrographs of control and ATRX-deleted U87 cells processed for ATRX immunofluorescence (IF) and β-gal senescence assay. Scale bar, 200 µm. D, DAPI. Lower panel, percentage of senescent cells. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546"
Figure legend: "C, D PML/TelG immuno-FISH (C) shows increased APB formation in ATRX-deleted U87 cells (D). Scale bar, 10 µm. (D) Percentages of APB positive cells are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546"
Figure legend: "E C-circle assays revealed enhanced C-circles formation in ATRX-deleted U87 cells. Reactions lacking DNA or ɸ29 serve as negative controls. 30 ng of indicated template DNA was used in each reaction."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546"
Figure legend: "G 53BP1/TelG immuno-FISH shows increased TIF formation in ATRX-deleted U87 cells (G). Arrows denote telomeres positive for 53BP1 signals. Scale bar, 10 µm. (G) Percentages of cells containing &gt; 4 TIFs are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546"
Figure legend: "H Growth curves revealed increase of cell proliferation in ATRX-deleted U87 cells (A-1 and A-2) after hTERT transduction. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 2."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
hTERT: 7015"
Figure legend: "I Western blots show depletion of ATRX protein expression in hTERT-transduced and ATRX-deleted A-1 and A-2 U87 cells."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
hTERT: 7015"
Figure legend: "A Growth curves revealed that deletion of ATRX had minor effect on proliferation of TERT-overexpressed U87-T cells, but further removal of the exogenous floxed TERT by Ad-Cre induced rapid cell cycle arrest. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
Cre: 2777477
TERT: 7015"
Figure legend: "B Telomere restriction fragment (TRF) analysis shows increased telomeric length heterogeneities in ATRX-deleted U87-T and the further enhancement following Ad-Cre treatment. Genomic DNAs (EtBr staining, left panel) prepared from control and ATRX-deleted U87-T cells at day 9 post control or Ad-Cre infection (middle panel) were assayed by hybridization with 32P-labelled (TTAGGG)4 probe, followed by re-hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe specific for centromere region (right panel). Genomic DNA from U2OS cells was used as an ALT positive control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
Cre: 2777477"
Figure legend: "C, D PML/TelG immuno-FISH (C) shows increased APB formation in ATRX-deleted U87-T cells (D) at day 9 post control or Ad-Cre infection. Images are maximum-intensity projections of ~10 stacks captured with a 63x lens with 2x zoom. Scale bar, 10 µm. (D) Percentages of APB positive cells are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
Cre: 2777477"
Figure legend: "E 2D gel analysis revealed increased T-circle formation in ATRX-deleted U87-T cells without or with Ad-Cre infection. Shown are gels stained with EtBr and blots hybridized with a TelG probe. Indicated are linear (lin) and open (oc) T-circle forms of telomeric DNA."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
Cre: 2777477"
Figure legend: "F C-circle assays shows increased C-circle formation in ATRX-deleted U87-T cells at day 9 post control or Ad-Cre infection."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
Cre: 2777477"
Figure legend: "G, H 53BP1/TelG immuno-FISH (G) shows increased TIF formation in ATRX-deleted U87-T cells at day 9 post control or Ad-Cre infection (H). Scale bar, 10 µm. (H) Percentages of cells containing > 4 TIFs are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
Cre: 2777477"
Figure legend: "B Western blots of extracts from U87 cells infected with Lenti-CRISPR(puro) encoding individual ATRX-targeted sgRNAs. The extracts were isolated after puromycin selection, and assayed for ATRX depletion levels using antibody against ATRX or ACTIN control. The asterisks (*) denote the two sgATRXs (sgA#10 and sgA#19) used in following experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CRISPR: 
ATRX: 546
ATRXs: 546"
Figure legend: "C ATRX immunofluorescence staining of U87 cells infected with lentiviral control sgRosa, sgA#10, or sgA#19. D, DAPI. Scale bar, 50 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Rosa: 91978"
Figure legend: "Bar graphs show time-course analyses of U87 (E) transduced with lentiviral LRG vector encoding sgRosa control or ATRX-targeted sgA#10 or sgA#19. The graph plots the percentage of GFP+ cells over time following transduction with indicated sgRNAs. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., * denotes ns (not significant); **, p &lt; 0.01; ***, p &lt; 0.001. N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
ATRX: 546
Rosa: 91978"
Figure legend: "Bar graphs show time-course analyses of U2OS cells (F) transduced with lentiviral LRG vector encoding sgRosa control or ATRX-targeted sgA#10 or sgA#19. The graph plots the percentage of GFP+ cells over time following transduction with indicated sgRNAs. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., * denotes ns (not significant); **, p &lt; 0.01; ***, p &lt; 0.001. N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
ATRX: 546
Rosa: 91978"
Figure legend: "K Bar graphs show time-course analyses of IMR90 cells transduced with lentiviral sgRosa, sgA#10 or sgA#19. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., * denotes ns (not significant); **, p &lt; 0.01; ***, p &lt; 0.001. N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Rosa: 91978"
Figure legend: "A, B γH2AX/TelG immuno-FISH (A) revealed increased TIF formation in IMR90 cells transduced with DAXX-targeted lentiviral sgRNAs (sgD#1 and #2) (B). Scale bar, 10 µm. Arrows denote telomeres that are positive for γH2AX signals. (B) Percentage of cells containing &gt; 4 TIFs are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"DAXX: 1616"
Figure legend: "C Western blots show depleted DAXX protein expression in Ad-Flp-infected cd-DAXX cells."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flp: 
DAXX: 1616"
Figure legend: "D, E PML/TelG immune-FISH (D) show enhanced APB formation in Ad-Flp infected cd-DAXX cells (cd-D#1 and cd-D#2) (E). The cells were analyzed at day 18 post Ad-Flp infection. Images are maximum-intensity projections of ~10 stacks captured with a 63x lens with 2x zoom. Scale bar, 10 µm. (E) Percentages of APB+ cells are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flp: 
DAXX: 1616"
Figure legend: "Depletion of DAXX induced delayed onset of growth arrest (F) (F) 2,000 cells were plated at day 4 post Ad-Flp infection. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flp: 
DAXX: 1616"
Figure legend: "Depletion of DAXX induced C-circle formation (G)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"DAXX: 1616"
Figure legend: "A Growth curves show the immortalization processes of lentiviral Rosa control (sgRosa#1 or #2) or sgATRX (sgA#10 or #19) transduced IMR90 cells. TERT transduced IMR90 culture was included as a positive control for immortalization."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
TERT: 7015
Rosa: 91978"
Figure legend: "B Quantitative RT-PCR of endogenous TERT gene expression revealed that sgATRX but not sgRosa transduced IMR90 cells adopted ALT during immortalization. Data are expressed as means ± s.d., N = 3, unpaired t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATRX: 546
TERT: 7015
Rosa: 91978"
Figure legend: "A.  Western blot  analysis of LDHA  and LDHB  expression in P3 cells transduced with CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral  vectors with scramble sequence (sgControl) or against LDHA  (sgLDHA), LDHB  (sgLDHB) or both (sgLDHA/B). Knockout (KO) cells were exposed to 21% or 1% O2  for 48 h."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CRISPR: 
Cas9: 69900935
LDHA: 3939
LDHB: 3945"
Figure legend: "D. Left: P3 spheroid growth  recorded over one week at 1% O2  (n = 3 independent experiments, one experiment including 16 spheroids per condition). Data are represented as mean and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test. Spheroid growth: sgCont vs sgLDHA, P=0.0003; sgCont vs sgLDHB, P=0.78; sgCont vs sgLDHA/B, P&lt;0.0001. Dead area: sgCont vs sgLDHA, P=0.19; sgCont vs sgLDHB, P&lt;0.0001; sgCont vs sgLDHA/B, P&lt;0.0001. Right: Viability  of spheroids  at one week, incubated with calcein (green) or ethidium homodimer-1  (red). Scale bar: 200 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LDHA: 3939
LDHB: 3945"
Figure legend: "E. P3 spheroid invasion  in collagen  I   gel, incubated 24 h at 21% or 0.1% O2. Invasion rate is expressed as fold change from controls (n = 4 independent experiments, one experiment including 6-8 spheroids  per condition). Data are represented as mean and analyzed using Two-way ANOVA following by Tukey's multiple comparisons test: sgCont 21% vs sgLDHA 21%, P=0.003; sgCont 0.1% vs sgLDHA  0.1%, P&lt;0.0001; sgCont 21% vs sgLDHB  21%, P&lt;0.0001; sgCont 0.1% vs sgLDHB 0.1%, P&lt;0.0001; sgCont 21% vs sgLDHA/B 21%, P&lt;0.0001; sgCont 0.1% vs sgLDHA/B 0.1%, P&lt;0.0001. Images of representative of control or LDHA/B KO spheroids. Scale bar: 100 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LDHA: 3939
LDHB: 3945"
Figure legend: "F-G. A first cohort of mice  was sacrificed when one mouse  reached a limit point, brains  was extract, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, sliced and stained. For the second cohort, each mouse was sacrificed when it reached a limit point allowing the draw of survival curves. Left: Immunofluorescence staining  of Nestin  (top and middle) and CD31  (bottom) of control and LDHA/B KO P3 tumor section. Scale bars: 2 mm (top), 250 µm (middle) and 100 µm (bottom). Right: Graphs represent tumor core and invasion  area of control and  LDHA/B KO P3 tumors in mm2 (n = 5 mice  per group, average of 5-6 sections per tumor). Data are represented as mean. For F, data are analyzed using One-way ANOVA following by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. Core: sgCont vs sgLDHA, P=0.48; sgCont vs sgLDHB, P=0.99. Invasion: sgCont vs sgLDHA, P=0.40; sgCont vs sgLDHB, P=0.81. For G, data are analyzed using unpaired t test. Core: sgCont vs sgLDHA/B, P=0.005. Invasion: sgCont vs sgLDHA/B, P=0.01."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LDHA: 3939
LDHB: 3945"
Figure legend: "B. Epifluorescence  (top) and quantitative image analysis (bottom) of immune stained mitochondria  (TOM20, green) from LDH KO P3 cells (Phalloidin, red; DAPI, blue) upon exposure to 0.1% O2  (n = 2 independent experiments, 28-32 cells per group). Data are represented as mean and analyzed using One-way ANOVA following by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Mitochondrial  mass: sgCont vs sgLDHA/B, P=0.005; sgLDHA/sgLDHB vs sgLDHA/B, p=0.006. Network aspect ratio: sgCont vs sgLDHA/B, P=0.03; sgLDHA vs sgLDHA/B, P=0.02; sgLDHB vs sgLDHA/B, p=0.04. Mitochondrial  mass corresponds to the area covered by the mitochondria  relative to the entire cell area. Network aspect ratio is the ratio of the major axis to minor axis of the  mitochondrial network. Scale bar: 10 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LDHA: 3939
LDHB: 3945"
Figure legend: "E. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of xenotransplanted mice  with LDHA/B KO (red) or control (blue) P3 cells, treated with phenformin  or irradiated  with 10 Gy (n = 6-8 mice  per group). Data are analyzed using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test: sgCont Vehicle vs sgCont Phenformin, P=0.019; sgCont Vehicle vs sgCont Irradiation, P=0.0002; sgCont Irradiation vs sgLDHA/B Irradiation, P=0.024."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LDHA: 3939"
Figure legend: "Statistics of 3H-glutamate uptake by neurons transfected with two lentivirus-based RNAi against EAAC1 (R2 and R3) or nonsense RNAi (Non) in response to vehicle (Ctrl) or Shh (D, n=3-6). No difference between R2 or R3 in Ctrl and those in Shh. Inset of (D): representative western-blots for EAAC1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"EAAC1: 25550"
Figure legend: "(G) Upper, representative western-blots of EAAC1 and Smo from HEK293 cells transfected with empty vectors (Ctrl), constitutively active form of Smoothened (SmoA1), EAAC1, or EAAC1 plus SmoA1. Lower, 3H-glutamate uptake by cells transfected with the indicated vectors. n=9."
NCBI gene IDs:
"EAAC1: 6505
Smo: 6608"
Figure legend: "Effects of ablation of Smo in CaMKIIα-positive neurons (G-I), on the progression of kindling including seizure class (A,D,G,J), evoked electrographic seizure duration (ESD) (B,E,H,K) and the number of stimulations required to reach equivalent seizure intensity (C,F,I,L). In G-I, Ctrl: Smofl/fl induced by tamoxifen; CaMK: Smofl/flCaMKIIα-CreERT2 induced by tamoxifen, n=14-20."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CaMKIIα: 12322
Smo: 319757"
Figure legend: "Effects of ablation of Smo in Aldh1l1-positive astrocytes (J-L) on the progression of kindling including seizure class (A,D,G,J), evoked electrographic seizure duration (ESD) (B,E,H,K) and the number of stimulations required to reach equivalent seizure intensity (C,F,I,L). In J-L, Ctrl: Smo+/fl; Aldh1l1: Smo+/flAldh1l1-Cre, n=19-20."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Aldh1l1: 107747
Smo: 319757"
Figure legend: "D-E qPCR results showing mRNA expression of CIB1, FT in the genotypes indicated. The numbers indicate independent transgenic lines. The transcript levels of CIB1 or FT in Col were set to 1.0. Samples were collected from 7-day-old LD grown seedlings at ZT16. Data information: error bars indicate standard error within three biological replicates and for each of these two technical replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CIB1: 829604
FT: 842859"
Figure legend: ", I-J. qPCR results showing mRNA expression of CO, FT in the genotypes indicated. The numbers indicate independent transgenic lines. The transcript levels of CO or FT in Col were set to 1.0. Samples were collected from 7-day-old LD grown seedlings at ZT16. Data information: error bars indicate standard error within three biological replicates and for each of these two technical replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CO: 831441
FT: 842859"
Figure legend: "Immunoblots showing CIB1 (A) protein levels in WT and co-1 backgrounds (A) over the course of 20 hours under LDs. Samples were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE, blotted, probed with the anti-Myc antibody, stripped and re-probed with the anti-actin antibody (ACT)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"co: 831441"
Figure legend: "The relative levels of CIB1 in WT and co-1 backgrounds over the course of 20 hours under LDs were calculated Data information: Error bars represent the standard deviation of three biological replicates of the Western blots."
NCBI gene IDs:
"co: 831441"
Figure legend: "B. BiFC assays to show in vivo protein interactions. Epidermal cells of N. benthamiana leaves were co-transformated with cCFP-CO and nYFP-CIB1, with cCFP-CO and nYFP, or with cCFP and nYFP-CIB1. BF, bright field. Merge, overlay of the YFP and bright field images. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data information: For each experiment, two or more biological replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"cCFP: 
nYFP: 
CIB1: 829604
CO: 831441"
Figure legend: "C. Split-LUC assay showing that CIB1 interacts with CO. Leaf epidermal cells of N. benthamiana were co-transformed with CO-nLUC and cLUC-CIB1 or cLUC or nLUC with cLUC-CIB or cLUC. Data information: For each experiment, two or more biological replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"cLUC: 
nLUC: 
CIB: 829604
CIB1: 829604
CO: 831441"
Figure legend: "D. Co-IP assays of samples prepared from 10-day-old 35S:Myc-CIB1, 35S:CO-Flag or 35S:Myc-CIB1/35S:CO-Flag seedlings grown in LDs. Data information: For each experiment, two or more biological replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flag: 
Myc: 
CIB1: 829604
CO: 831441"
Figure legend: "E. qPCR results showing mRNA expression of FT in the genotypes indicated. The transcript levels in Col are set to 1.0. Samples were collected from 7-day-old seedlings of the genotypes indicated at ZT16. Data information: error bars indicate standard error within three biological replicates and for each of these two technical replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"FT: 842859"
Figure legend: "G. Box plots (the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum are shown, with data &gt;1.5 interquartile ranges denoted with circles) for relative reporter activity (LUC/REN) in plants expressing different reportors and effectors. The relative LUC activities normalized to the REN activity are shown. The LUC/REN in plants expressing ProFT alone is set to 1.0. Data information: data are presented as mean ± SD, n=4. The letters &quot;a&quot; to &quot;g&quot; indicate statistically significant differences determined by Tukey's HSD test (P≤0.05). Two biological replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LUC: 
REN: 
FT: 842859"
Figure legend: "B. Co-IP assays showing that CRY2, CIB1 and CO form a protein complex. Samples were prepared from 10-day-old WT or 35S:Myc-CIB1/35S:CO-Flag or 35S:Myc-CIB1/35S:CO-Flag /cry2-1 seedlings grown in LDs (16L/8D), and samples were collected at ZT16."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flag: 
Myc: 
CIB1: 829604
CO: 831441
cry2: 839529"
Figure legend: "C. Co-IP assays of samples prepared from 10-day-old 35S:Myc-CIB1/35S:CO-Flag 35S:Myc-CIB1/35S:CO-Flag /cry2-1 seedlings grown in LDs (16L/8D). Samples were collected at the times indicated over the course of one day."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flag: 
Myc: 
CIB1: 829604
CO: 831441
cry2: 839529"
Figure legend: "E. Representative results of the ChIP-qPCR assays. Chromatin fragments (~500 bp) were prepared from 10-day-old 35S:Myc-CIB1/35S:CO-Flag seedlings, immunoprecipitated by the anti-CRY2, anti-Flag (CO-Flag) , anti-Myc (Myc-CIB1) antibody or anti-preimmune IgG, and the precipitated DNA was analyzed by qPCR using the primer pairs indicated. The IP/input ratio of anti-preimmune is set to 1.0. Data information: the relative IP/input ratios are shown with their standard deviation (n = 3). Two biological replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Flag: 
Myc: 
CIB1: 829604
CO: 831441"
Figure legend: "F. Box plots (the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum are shown, with data &gt;1.5 interquartile ranges denoted with circles) for relative reporter activity (LUC/REN) in plants expressing different reportors and effectors. The LUC/REN in plants expressing ProFT alone is set to 1.0. Immunoblots were done to show GFP-CRY2W374A, Myc-CIB1 and Myc-CO protein levels in the transient Dual-LUC assay. Samples were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE, blotted, probed with the anti-Myc antibody, and with the anti-GFP antibody. Data information: the relative LUC activities normalized to the REN activity are shown (LUC/REN) with their standard deviation (n =6). The letters &quot;a&quot; to &quot;f&quot; indicate statistically significant differences determined by Tukey's HSD test (P≤0.05). Two biological replicates were performed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LUC: 
REN: 
FT: 842859"
Figure legend: "(C,D) De‐activation of autophagy returns DOR to the nucleus. HeLa cells were transiently transfected with DOR and incubated for 1 h with DMEM (basal) or HBSS (starvation). Cells were then incubated with normal DMEM for an additional hour (starvation+GM). The intracellular distribution of DOR was determined by immunofluorescence. DOR is shown in red and the nuclei are in blue. Scale bars, 5 μm. Cell lysates were also obtained and western blot assays were performed with specific antibodies. 3MA, 3‐methyladenine; DAPI, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; DOR, diabetes‐ and obesity‐regulated gene; HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution; LC3, microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3."
NCBI gene IDs:
"DOR: 58476"
Figure legend: "DOR localizes to autophagosomes when autophagy is activated. (A) Confocal images of HeLa cells transiently transfected with DOR and GFP‐LC3, and incubated for 1h with DMEM, HBSS (starvation), 2 μM rapamycin or HBSS containing 50 μM chloroquine. Nuclei were labelled with DAPI. Scale bars, 10 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"DOR: 58476"
Figure legend: "(D) Confocal images of HeLa cells transiently transfected with DOR and LAMP1‐GFP, or with YFP‐LC3 and LAMP1‐GFP. Scale bars, 10 μm. Contrast‐corrected merge RGB pictures and the Z‐projection of Product of the differences from the mean (PDM) images are shown in all panels. Colour scales of PDM images have different maximal values, so the different conditions are not comparable from these projections. Product of the differences from the mean (PDM) values closer to 1 show reliable colocalized pixels. DAPI, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; DOR, diabetes‐ and obesity‐regulated gene; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution; LAMP1, lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1; LC3, microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3."
NCBI gene IDs:
"DOR: 58476"
Figure legend: "(A) DOR gain‐of‐function accelerates the degradation of proteins of middle-long half‐life. Untreated HeLa cells and those transiently transfected with DOR were incubated in DMEM or HBSS. *Significant effects of starvation, P0.01; τsignificant effects caused by DOR overexpression, P0.01."
NCBI gene IDs:
"DOR: 58476"
Figure legend: "(B) DOR overexpression enhances autophagosomal formation. LC3‐GFP‐positive vacuoles were counted in 100 transfected HeLa cells (with GFP‐LC3 and TRα1, or GFP‐LC3 and DOR). *Significant effects of starvation, P0.001; τsignificant effects of DOR overexpression, P0.001."
NCBI gene IDs:
"TRα1: 100702192
LC3: 440738///81631///84557
DOR: 58476"