EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure legend: "(G) Cell extracts prepared from 293T  cells transfected with full-length or deletion mutants of  IL-1Rrp2 were probed using anti-phospho-JNK, anti-JNK, or anti-β-actin antibodies after stimulation with  IL-38  (200 ng/ml) at different times."
NCBI gene IDs:
"IL-1Rrp2: 8808"
Figure legend: "Representative images of the scratch assay (left) and  wound closure rate (right) of A431  cells (n = 5) treated with recombinant  IL-38 (200 ng/mL) (F) after  IL-1Rrp2 interference. Error bars represent the mean ± SD. All data are biological replicates. ns, not significant; *p &lt; 0.05; **p &lt; 0.01; ***p &lt; 0.001; p values were calculated using one-way ANOVA , F"
NCBI gene IDs:
"IL-1Rrp2: 8808"
Figure legend: "Representative images of the scratch assay (left) and  wound closure rate (right) of A431  cells (n = 5) treated with recombinant  IL-38 (200 ng/mL) (F) after JNK  interference. Error bars represent the mean ± SD. All data are biological replicates. ns, not significant; *p &lt; 0.05; **p &lt; 0.01; ***p &lt; 0.001; p values were calculated using one-way ANOVA , F"
NCBI gene IDs:
"JNK: 5602///5601///5599"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Bcl2 and Art-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were treated with imatinib for 48 h to induce G1 arrest. (A) DSBs quantified by qPCR analysis of Igk (Jκ1) genomic DNA. Schematic shows germline (GL) Igk locus, unrepaired Jκ1 coding end (Cut) and primer location. Results are normalized to Rag1-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells, which do not generate RAG DSBs and have only germline Igk DNA. Loss of Igk germline product is representative of DSB generation."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Art: 11604
Bcl2: 12043
Igk: 243469
Rag1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Bcl2 and Art-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were treated with imatinib for 48 h to induce G1 arrest. (B) Representative images of 53BP1 foci. Scale bar denotes 8 μm. Bar graph shows percentage of cells with indicated number of foci from three biological replicates. In each replicate, 100 cells per condition were quantified."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Art: 11604
Bcl2: 12043
Rag1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Bcl2 and Art-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were treated with imatinib for 48 h to induce G1 arrest. (C) Western blot analysis of KAP1 phosphorylation (p-KAP1), NF-κB2 (p100 and p52) and PIM2. GAPDH is shown as loading control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Art: 11604
Bcl2: 12043
Rag1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Bcl2 and Art-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were treated with imatinib for 48 h to induce G1 arrest. (D) Cd40 and Pim2 mRNA expression."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Art: 11604
Bcl2: 12043
Cd40: 21939
Pim2: 18715
Rag1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were transduced with an empty vector (control) or vector expressing RAG1 then treated with imatinib for 48 h. (E) DSBs quantified by qPCR analysis of Igh (JH1) genomic DNA and analyzed as in A with results normalized to empty vector control, which has only germline Igh DNA."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Igh: 111507
Lig4: 319583
Rag1: 19373
RAG1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were transduced with an empty vector (control) or vector expressing RAG1 then treated with imatinib for 48 h. (F) Representative images of 53BP1 foci. Scale bar denotes 8 μm. Bar graph shows percentage of cells with indicated number of foci from three biological replicates. In each replicate, 100 cells per condition were quantified."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Lig4: 319583
Rag1: 19373
RAG1: 19373"
Figure legend: "E-H. Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were transduced with an empty vector (control) or vector expressing RAG1 then treated with imatinib for 48 h. (G) Western blot analysis of FLAG-RAG1, p-KAP1, NF-κB2, and PIM2. GAPDH is shown as loading control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Lig4: 319583
Rag1: 19373
RAG1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells were transduced with an empty vector (control) or vector expressing RAG1 then treated with imatinib for 48 h. (H) Cd40 and Pim2 mRNA expression."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Cd40: 21939
Lig4: 319583
Pim2: 18715
Rag1: 19373
RAG1: 19373"
Figure legend: "A. Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2:iCas9 abl pre-B cells were treated with (+) or without (-) 2 μM doxycycline (Dox) to induce Cas9 as indicated. Western blot shows FLAG-Cas9 and GAPDH (loading control)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Cas9: 69900935
Lig4: 319583
Rag1: 19373"
Figure legend: "Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2:iCas9 abl pre-B cells were treated with doxycycline as in A and imatinib to trigger cell cycle arrest for 24 h. Cells were then transfected with indicated gRNA and maintained in doxycycline and imatinib. All analyses were completed 48 h after gRNA transfection. DSBs quantified by qPCR analysis of Eb (B) and Gapdh (C) genomic DNA. Results are normalized to cells without gRNA (-). Schematic shows germline (GL) locus, unrepaired cut end (Cut) and location of gRNA and primers. Loss of germline product is representative of DSB generation."
NCBI gene IDs:
"abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Cas9: 69900935
Gapdh: 14433
Lig4: 319583
Rag1: 19373
Eb: 21425"
Figure legend: "(E) Western blot analysis of FLAG-tagged Cas9 or RAG1 (as indicated), p-KAP1, NF-κB2, and PIM2. GAPDH is shown as loading control. Responses to RAG DSBs in Rag1-/-:Lig4-/-:Bcl2 abl pre-B cells transduced with empty vector or vector expressing RAG1 RAG DSBs from Fig 1G are included for direct comparison. # denotes band for FLAG-Cas9. * denotes band for FLAG-RAG1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"FLAG: 
abl: 11350
Bcl2: 12043
Lig4: 319583
RAG1: 19373
Rag1: 19373"
Figure legend: "(F) Cd40 and Pim2 mRNA expression. Blue dashed line indicates mRNA expression in response to RAG DSBs from Fig 1H and is included for comparison."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Cd40: 21939
Pim2: 18715"
Figure legend: "E. CD40 and Pim2 mRNA expression. Blue dashed line indicates mRNA expression in response to RAG DSBs from Fig 1H and is included for comparison."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CD40: 21939
Pim2: 18715"
Figure legend: "B. DSBs quantified by qPCR analysis of Igh (JH1) genomic DNA and analyzed as in Fig 1E with results normalized to empty vector control, which has only germline Igh DNA. There is no statistically significant difference in DSBs generated by cRAG1 or RAG1P326G compared to full-length RAG1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Igh: 111507
RAG1: 19373"
Figure legend: "E. Cd40 and Pim2 mRNA expression."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Cd40: 21939
Pim2: 18715"
Figure legend: "A Sting-/- iBMDMs expressing mRuby3-STING (magenta) and eGFP-Golgin84 (green) were imaged live on the 3i marianas spinning disk microscope. Z stack images were acquired either before (i.e., untreated) or after 50 μg/mL DMXAA treatment (i.e., image captured at 12 min post DMXAA treatment). Data is shown as a maximum intensity projection (MIP) of Z stack images."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Sting: 72512"
Figure legend: "D Sting-/- iBMDMs expressing mRuby3-STING were imaged live on the spinning disk microscope. Representative images of timelapse showing STING vesicles exiting the Golgi for a recording starting 27 min after 50 μg/mL DMXAA treatment. Data is shown as a MIP of Z stack images. Square region of interest (ROI) indicates zoomed insert. Scale bar = 5 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Sting: 72512"
Figure legend: "F Sting-/- iBMDMs expressing eGFP-STING were imaged live on the spinning disk microscope. A representative image of timelapse showing transport of STING vesicles for a recording starting 1 h 18 min after 50 μg/mL DMXAA treatment. Data is shown as a MIP of Z stack images. Square ROI indicates zoomed insert. Scale bar = 5 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Sting: 72512"
Figure legend: "D Sting-/-, WT or TBK1/IKKε dKO iBMDMs were left untreated or treated with 10 μg/mL 2'3'-cGAM(PS)2 for 1, 2, or 3 h. Cells were lysed for immunoblot with the indicated antibodies. Data shown representative of 3 independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"IKKε: 56489
Sting: 72512
TBK1: 56480"
Figure legend: "G-I Primary BMDMs were treated with 2 μM TAK243 or DMSO vehicle control for 30 min before being either left untreated (UT) or treated with 25 μg/mL DMXAA or 10 μg/mL 2'3'-cGAM(PS)2 for 4 h. Cells were lysed for RNA purification and the expression of Ifnb1 (G) , Isg15 (H) and Il6 (I) was analysed by qPCR. Data is shown as mean ± SEM combined from N=3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA using Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, where * p&lt;0.05, ** p&lt;0.01, *** p&lt;0.001, **** p&lt;0.0001."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ifnb1: 15977
Il6: 16193
Isg15: 100038882"
Figure legend: "B Sting-/- iBMDMs expressing HA-STING were left UT or treated with 50 μg/mL DMXAA for 1 or 3 h. Cells were lysed and a portion of lysate underwent immunoblot with the indicated antibodies (i.e., lysate). The remaining lysate underwent immunoprecipitation with an anti-HA antibody (i.e., HA pull down). Samples then underwent immunoblot with the indicated antibodies. Data representative of 3 independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"HA: 
Sting: 72512
STING: 72512"
Figure legend: "A dCas9-KRAB expressing iBMDMs, without (i.e., dCas9 alone) or with HRS-targeting sgRNAs (i.e., sg1, sg2 or sg3) were treated for 48 h with 1 μg/mL doxycycline (Dox) to induce sgRNA expression. Cells were then left untreated (UT), or treated with 20 μg/mL DMXAA or 10 μg/mL 2'3'-cGAM(PS)2 for 6 h. Cells were lysed for immunoblot with the indicated antibodies. Data shown is representative of 3 independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Cas9: 69900935
HRS: 15239"
Figure legend: "B-C dCas9-KRAB expressing iBMDMs, without (i.e., dCas9 alone) or with HRS-targeting sgRNAs (i.e., sg1, sg2 or sg3) were treated for 48 h with 1 μg/mL Dox to induce sgRNA expression. Cells were then left UT, or treated with 20 μg/mL DMXAA or 5 μg/mL 2'3'-cGAM(PS)2 for 6 h. Cell supernatant was collected and assayed for secreted IFNβ (B) and IL6 (C) by ELISA. Data is shown as mean ± SEM combined from N=3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA using Bonferroni's test, where * p&lt;0.05, *** p&lt;0.001, **** p&lt;0.0001. n.d. = not detected"
NCBI gene IDs:
"Cas9: 69900935
HRS: 15239"
Figure legend: "D-F dCas9-KRAB expressing iBMDMs, without (i.e., dCas9 alone) or with HRS-targeting sgRNAs (i.e., sg1, sg2 or sg3) were treated for 24 h with 1 μg/mL Dox to induce sgRNA expression. iBMDMs were further treated with 1 μg/mL (i.e. 1000 ng/mL) or 100 ng/mL H-151 as indicated, and incubated for a further 24 h. Cells were lysed for RNA purification and the expression of Ifnb1 (D), Isg15 (E) and Irf7 (F) was analysed by qPCR. Data is shown as mean ± SEM combined from N=3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA using Tukey's multiple comparisons test, where * p&lt;0.05, ** p&lt;0.01, *** p&lt;0.001, **** p&lt;0.0001. Bars display significant differences between dCas9 and sgRNA knockdowns in the absence of H-151. Additional asterisks represent significant differences between the absence or presence of H-151 across the same cell line."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Cas9: 69900935
HRS: 15239
Ifnb1: 15977
Irf7: 54123
Isg15: 100038882"
Figure legend: "A-B VPS4aWT or VPS4aE228Q dominant negative BMDMs were left untreated (UT) or treated with 1 μg/mL doxycycline (Dox) for 4 h. BMDMs were then further left UT or treated with 25 μg/mL DMXAA (A) or 10 μg/mL 2'3'-cGAM(PS)2 (B) for 4 h. Cells were lysed for immunoblot with the indicated antibodies. Data shown is representative of 2 independent experiments for A and 3 independent experiments for B."
NCBI gene IDs:
"VPS4a: 27183"
Figure legend: "C-D VPS4aWT or VPS4aE228Q dominant negative BMDMs were left UT or treated with 1 μg/mL Dox for 4 h. BMDMs were then further left UT or treated with 25 μg/mL DMXAA for 4 h. Cell supernatant was collected and secreted IFNβ (C) or IL-6 (D) was measured by ELISA. Data is shown as mean ± SEM combined from N=3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. using Bonferroni's test, where * p&lt;0.01. n.d. = not detected"
NCBI gene IDs:
"VPS4a: 27183"
Figure legend: "ChIP analysis of young (PD 30) and senescent (PD 72) MRC-5 cells performed with either anti-RAP1, anti-TRF2 or an IgG antibody. The immunoprecipitated and input products were loaded into a slot blot membrane and hybridized with a telomere probe, stripped and hybridized to an Alu probe in order to determine unspecific binding. Quantification was performed by normalizing the telomere signal of the immunoprecipitated to that of the input. Data represent mean +/- SD of three biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Alu: "
Figure legend: "Number of telomere fusions performed by PCR using 3 subtelomeric primers in the same reaction (16p1, 21q1 and XpYpM). The primer 16p1 is able to bind the subtelomeric region of 1p 9q, 12p, 15q, 16p, XqYq and the interstitial 2q14 region; the 21q1 primer binds the subtelomeric region of 1q, 2q, 5q, 6q, 6p, 8p, 10q, 13q, 19p, 19q, 21q, 22q and the interstitial 2q13 site. The PCR-fusion assay was performed in MRC-5 primary fibroblasts of different population doublings (PD) with or without depletion of RAP1 (shRAP1 or shControl respectively). Lentiviral infection was performed for 10 days. Data represent mean +/- SD of 3 biological replicates. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test (**p &lt; 0.001; ***p &lt; 0.0001). Southern blotting showing the hybridization of the 16p probe for the conditions described in A. Number of fusions per 1 µg of DNA is shown at the bottom of the gels."
NCBI gene IDs:
"RAP1: 54386"
Figure legend: "Distribution of the telomere repeat array found at the junction between two fused chromosomes of senescent cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing either shControl or shRAP1. Variant telomere repeats were included in the estimation of the telomere array length. Data represent median +/- interquartile range (green lines) of 3 biological replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test ***p &lt; 0.0001)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"RAP1: 54386"
Figure legend: "Number of fusions in HeLa cells after 25 days in culture. Cells were maintained with BIBR1532 during the whole period of the experiment, while doxycycline (1 µg/µl final concentration) and the infection with shControl, shLIG3 or shLIG4 was carried out for the last 15 days of the experiment. Data represent mean +/- SD of three biological replicates are shown. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test (*p &lt; 0.05; **p &lt; 0.001; ***p &lt; 0.0001)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LIG3: 3980
LIG4: 3981"
Figure legend: "Growth curve of MRC-5 fibroblasts. Cells were grown until senescence and after three weeks of no growth detection, lentiviral infections containing either shp21CIP1 or shp21CIP1 + shRAP1 sequences were performed. Cells were harvested 15 days post infection (dpi). Data represent mean +/- SD of three biological replicates measured after 8 and 15 dpi."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p21CIP1: 1026
RAP1: 54386"
Figure legend: "Expression of p21CIP1 and RAP1 after 15 dpi of cells transduced with shControl, shp21CIP1 or shp21CIP1 + shRAP1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p21CIP1: 1026
RAP1: 54386"
Figure legend: "Senescent cells, transduced with shp21CIP1 or shp21CIP1+shRAP1 for 15 days, were stained with CytoCalcein violet (live cells), Apopxin Green (apoptotic cells) and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) (late apoptostic/necrotic cells) and visualized by flow cytometry. Quantification of apoptotic cells from the conditions described in E. Data represent mean +/- SD of three biological replicates (**P &lt; 0.001; two-tailed Student's t test)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p21CIP1: 1026
RAP1: 54386"
Figure legend: "Isolated sporozoites from the hemolymph (HL) and salivary glands (SG) of infected mosquitoes stained with Hoechst and SiR-tubulin. Note the similar staining of WT and α1-tubulin(-) complemented lines. Scale bars: 5 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Comparison of sporozoite development in oocysts of WT, α1-tubulin(-) and complemented lines. Hoechst (blue) and SiR-tubulin (green) staining reveal that the complemented line generates sporozoites indistinguishable from WT controls, while SiR tubulin staining is absent from α1-tubulin(-) oocysts. mCherry stains the cytoplasm of the parasite. Scale bars: 5 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Transmission electron micrographs of developing sporozoites in WT and α1-tubulin(-) parasite lines. Note the slender sporozoites in the WT oocysts, which are absent in the mutant. Sb: sporoblast; scale bars: 5 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "TEM cross sections of WT and α1-tubulin(-) parasites showing the aberrant structure of the latter. Subpellicular and centriolar plaque (spindle pole body) associated (hemispindle) microtubules are readily recognizable in the WT sporozoites (green arrowheads in insert) but absent in the mutant, while the inner membrane complex is formed below the plasma membrane of both parasites (white arrowheads). Note the different scale chosen to highlight the malformed shapes in the mutant. N: nucleus; scale bars: 0.2 µm, magnification boxes: 0.1 µm,."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Electron micrographs showing different stages of development in WT and α1-tubulin(-) parasites. Key structural elements are highlighted in the following colors: blue: plasma membrane; yellow: inner membrane complex; green: microtubules; light blue: micronemes; lilac: rhoptries; brown: rootlet fiber; cyan: nucleus. Note the undulating shapes of the elongated mutants and that micronemes are hard to distinguish from other small vesicles in the α1-tubulin(-) parasites. The rootlet fiber in panel II starts at the apical tip and in panel V is associated with the centriolar plaque (dark structure in nuclear envelope). Panel III corresponds to Fig 1D. Scale bars: 200 nm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "α1-tubulin(-) parasites show multiple attachments (arrowheads) with the sporoblast membrane at day 17 post infection. Note the highly branched nature of the budding parasite (same parasite as in panel C) shown in two views in I and II. Right: slices through the tomogram in grey scale with the outlines used for the 3D model indicated. Two connections with the sporoblast are indicated by 1 and 2. Scale bars: 1 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Life imaging of wild-type (WT) and α1-tubulin(-) oocysts expressing ef1α:GFP (early and late oocysts) and csp:mCherry (late oocysts) to locate the oocyst cytoplasm. Microtubules were labeled with SiR-tubulin (green) and DNA with Hoechst (blue). Oocysts are shown in a chronological order from early (day 4) to late (day 12) development. (A, B) Early oocyst development with remaining subpellicular microtubules of the preceding ookinete stage (A) and subsequent DNA replication (B), where some but not all DNA is co-stained by microtubules in the mutant. (C) Nuclear alignments to the invaginated plasma membrane and budding of sporozoites. Note the strong SiR-tubulin signal only seen in sporozoites of WT oocysts and complete absence from the mutant. Sb: sporoblast. (D) Oocyst ready to burst with fully formed sporozoites in WT oocysts. Note that α1-tubulin(-) oocysts retained sporozoite nuclei predominantly within the sporoblast (Sb) during budding. Scale bars: 5 μm, magnification box in B: 1 µm,."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
mCherry: 
csp: 3428738
α1-tubulin: 3424816
ef1α: 3426474"
Figure legend: "3D reconstructions from spinning disc confocal microscopy z-stacks across an early oocyst labelled with the DNA dye Hoechst (left). 50 and 19 images with a z-distance of 0.5 µm and 1 µm were collated for WT and α1-tubulin(-) oocysts, respectively. Right: 3D reconstructions from late WT and α1-tubulin(-) oocysts labelled with Hoechst (blue) and SiR-tubulin (green). Note that the mutant does not form proper sporozoite shapes during budding and the few peripheral nuclei that were uptaken into budding sporozoites. 10 and 28 images with a z-distance of 1,5 µm and 1 µm were collated for WT and α1-tubulin(-) oocysts, respectively. Sb: sporoblast; scale bars: 5 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "TEM cross sections of WT and α1-tubulin(-) oocysts during nuclear division. Spindle microtubules (arrowheads) emerging from centriolar plaques (M) were seen in WT oocysts. Although individual nuclei (N) were visible in α1(-) oocysts, microtubules were absent even in dividing centriolar plaques (M). Scale bars: 0.2 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1: 3424816
α1-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Fluorescence images showing the SiR-tubulin stained microtubules, nuclei (Hoechst) and cytoplasmic shape (mCherry) of the parasite lines. Note the small amount of DNA (black arrowhead) and the reduced level of SiR-tubulin fluorescence in the α1cm&amp;∆introns-expressing sporozoites (lower graph). See also Fig S6. Quantitative data was derived from 96-120 sporozoites per line. Box plots represent 50% (boxes) and 95% (bars) of data with horizontal bar showing the median. Scale bar: 5 μm. **** indicates p&lt;0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis-test. Note that α1cm&amp;∆introns-expressing sporozoites do not express mCherry; their autofluorescence (auto-fluo) indicates an aberrant shape."
NCBI gene IDs:
"mCherry: 
α1: 3424816"
Figure legend: "TEM reveals α1cm&amp;∆introns-expressing sporozoites with smaller (A and B) and larger (C) diameters than wild type sporozoites. See also Fig S7. Scale bar: 0.2 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1: 3424816"
Figure legend: "α1cm&amp;∆introns-expressing sporozoites show a reduced number of subpellicular microtubules (green arrowheads) by TEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Expression of different α1-α2 chimeric α-tubulins instead of α1-tubulin leads to sporozoite shape changes as revealed by SEM. See also Fig EV5. Scale bar: 1 µm. α1∆c-term lacks the last 3 amino acids of α1-tubulin. α2+ parasites contain an α1-tubulin with all amino acids that are different between the two α-tubulins changed into those of α2-tubulin; see also Fig S4. α2++ parasites contain α2-tubulin (exons, introns, 3'UTR) and α2+++ parasites express the exons of α2-tubulin and introns of α1-tubulin from the α1-tubulin promoter."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1-tubulin: 3424816
α-tubulins: 3424816
α1: 3424816
α2-tubulin: 3421492
α2: 3421492"
Figure legend: "qRT-PCR analysis of the parasite lines at day 12 after infection shows different expression level. Note the subtly higher expression of α2++ compared to α2+++. Error bars show standard deviation from the mean of two biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α2: 3421492"
Figure legend: "TEM along sporozoites shows a decrease of microtubule numbers towards the nucleus in parasites expressing α-tubulin chimeras. Green arrowheads point to microtubules. See also Fig S8 and S9. Note that the WT control panel is shown already in Figure 4E to indicate that here we perform an extended analysis to the dataset generated earlier. Scale bars: 0.2 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α-tubulin: 3424816"
Figure legend: "Microtubule quantification along the sporozoite reveals the presence of fewer microtubules in central and nuclear sections of α2+ and α1∆c-term parasites compared to wild type sporozoites."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1: 3424816
α2: 3421492"
Figure legend: "The average microtubule length remains close to the maximum length 6 μm. The circles are obtained by averaging results from 200 stochastic simulations of the model equations and stars are the experimental data (blue stars are for (α2+, α2++, α2+++) strains). The error bar shows the standard deviation in the data and simulation results."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α2: 3421492"
Figure legend: "For the WT expression level (c0 = 36.6 (m0+p+n)), the rate of nucleation is faster than the microtubule growth. Then the microtubule number is determined by the number of nucleation sites. The average microtubule length is around 1 μm (shown by dashed arrow) when the last nucleus forms. At intermediate tubulin numbers (c0 = 16 (m0+p+n)), corresponding to the α1c-term mutant, the microtubule formation rate is comparable to nucleation rate. The average microtubule length is around 4 μm (shown by dashed arrow) when the last nucleus forms."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α1: 3424816"