EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure legend: "Targeting of dCas9-EGFP or CENP‑T∆C‑dCas9‑EGFP to Chr9-CEN and Chr1‑TELO in HEK293T cells. C) Immunofluorescence images of CENP‑T∆C‑dCas9‑EGFP targeted metaphase cells stained with antibodies against Mad2. D) Percentage of individual EGFP foci showing EGFP and Mad2 signal co-localisation, in metaphase cells with CENP‑T∆C-dCas9-targeting. 2 experiments for (D). Image in C) is a maximum intensity projection taken across the depth of the EGFP signal. Scale bars = 1µm on small images and zooms, 5µm on larger images in C)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"EGFP: 
Cas9: 69900935
CENP‑T: 80152"
Figure legend: "Immunofluorescence images from CENP‑T∆C‑dCas9‑EGFP targeted metaphase cells stained with antibodies against Mad2 and alpha-Tubulin, showing examples of microtubule attached (G) EGFP foci. H) Percentage of individual EGFP foci with EGFP and Mad2 signal co‑localisation attached (H) EGFP foci. are from ≥75 EGFP foci pairs from n≥15 metaphases per condition 1 experiment for H) are single Z-slices."
NCBI gene IDs:
"EGFP: 
Cas9: 69900935
CENP‑T: 80152"
Figure legend: "C,D) Example images of chromosome mis-segregation events involving the target locus (EGFP signal) in anaphase HEK293T (C) or HCT116 (D) cells with CENP-T∆C-dCas9‑EGFP targeting after Mps1i pulse. E,F) Mis‑segregation rate in fixed dCas9-targeted HEK293T (E) or HCT116 (F) cells after Mps1i pulse, involving only EGFP+ chromosomes, only EGFP- chromosomes or both. Bars = mean ± SD, 3 experiments for each cell line, each with ≥25 anaphase cells per condition. * = p&lt;0.05, **= p&lt;0.01, *** = p&lt;0.001, **** = p&lt;0.0001 (Oneway ANOVA with Šidák's multiple comparison correction, in E/F) comparing the mis-segregation rate for any events involved EGFP)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"EGFP: 
Cas9: 69900935
CENP-T: 80152"
Figure legend: "G-H) Frames from live cell imaging of HEK293T H2B-RFP cells after treatment with Mps1i (t=0), with CENP‑T∆C‑dCas9‑EGFP targeted to Chr9-CEN or Chr1-TELO. Frames are either across the duration of the 4 h movie (G) or show examples of the different categories of fate (H). I) Percentage of CENP-T∆C-dCas9‑EGFP targeted cells that made an EGFP+ error in anaphase, categorised by subsequent fate of EGFP signal in daughter cells 3 h after Mps1i addition. Assessed by live cell imaging. ≥22 cells with error per condition, combining data from ≥3 independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"EGFP: 
Cas9: 69900935
CENP-T: 80152
CENP‑T: 80152"
Figure legend: "(g,h) HepG2 cells stably transduced with mCherry (mCh)-GFP-LC3-expressing retroviruses were treated with Con, Rap or PA for 9 h and examined under a live confocal microscope (g). Yellow dots represent autophagosomes while red dots indicate autolysosomes in which GFP signal was faded out. Number of autolysosomes was quantified (h; n=7). Scale bar, 5 μm. All data are shown as mean±s.e.m. ***P0.001 (Student's t-test). Molecular weight markers are indicated in kDa."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LC3: 440738///81631///84557"
Figure legend: "(A-C)  Extra-mitochondrial  puncta formation of CHCHD2T61I in MEFs. Chchd2KO cells were transfected with the CHCHD2WT-HA  and CHCHD2T61I-HA  plasmids. At the indicated times, cells were fixed and stained  with anti-HA  and anti-Tom20  antibodies, and observed by confocal microscopy. In (A), representative images are shown. Magnified images of the areas within the dashed squares are shown in the insets. Representative images at lower magnification are shown in Appendix Fig. S1D. (B, C) Quantification of cells displaying mitochondrial CHCHD2   and extra-mitochondrial CHCHD2   puncta (n ≥ 100 cells in each experiment). In (B, C, data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Comparisons were performed using unpaired two-tailed Student t-tests and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc tests. **p &lt; 0.01"
NCBI gene IDs:
"HA: 
Chchd2: 14004
CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "(D, E) Extra-mitochondrial  puncta formation of CHCHD2T61I in Neuro2a  cells. Neuro2a  cells were transfected with the CHCHD2WT-HA  and CHCHD2T61I-HA  plasmids for 4 hr, then cultured with medium containing 2% FBS  and 10 µM retinoic acid for neuronal  differentiation. At 28 hr after transfection, cells were fixed and stained  with anti-HA  and anti-Tom20  antibodies. In (D), representative images are shown. Magnified images of the areas within the dashed squares are shown in the insets. Representative images at lower magnification are shown (E) Quantification of cells displaying mitochondrial CHCHD2   and  extra-mitochondrial CHCHD2   puncta (n ≥ 100 cells in each experiment). In E, data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Comparisons were performed using unpaired two-tailed Student t-tests and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc tests. **p &lt; 0.01"
NCBI gene IDs:
"HA: 
CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "Neuro2a   cells were transfected with the CHCHD2WT-HA  and  CHCHD2T61I-HA  plasmids for 4 hr, and then cultured in medium containing 2% FBS  and 10 µM retinoic acid to induce neuronal  differentiation. At 28 hr after transfection, cells were fixed and stained  with an anti-HA  antibody and ProteoStat  protein aggregation dye (A, B), anti-HA  and anti-Nefl  antibodies (C, D), anti-HA and anti-p-Nefl473 antibodies (E, F), In (A, C, E, representative images are shown. Magnified images of the areas within the dashed squares are shown in the inset. Arrowheads indicate colocalized  puncta between CHCHD2T61I-HA  and aggresomes  or the indicated proteins. Representative images at lower magnification are shown (B, D, F, The amount of aggresomes (B), Nefl (D), p-Nefl473 (F) was measured as the fluorescence intensity per cell (n  = 30 cells in each experiment). Red bars indicate mean values. In (B, D, F, comparisons were performed using unpaired two-tailed Student t-tests. *p &lt; 0.05. **p &lt; 0.01"
NCBI gene IDs:
"HA: 
CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "Neuro2a  cells were transfected with the CHCHD2WT-HA  and CHCHD2T61I-HA  plasmids for 4 hr, and then cultured in medium containing 2% FBS  and 10 µM retinoic acid to induce neuronal  differentiation. At 28 hr after transfection, cells were fixed and stained  with anti-HA  and anti-p-α-Synuclein129 (p-α-Syn129) antibodies (G, H). In G), representative images are shown. Magnified images of the areas within the dashed squares are shown in the inset. Arrowheads indicate colocalized  puncta between CHCHD2T61I-HA  and the indicated proteins. Representative images at lower magnification are shown H) The amount of p-α-Syn129 (H) was measured as the fluorescence intensity per cell (n  = 30 cells in each experiment). Red bars indicate mean values. In H, comparisons were performed using unpaired two-tailed Student t-tests. *p &lt; 0.05. **p &lt; 0.01"
NCBI gene IDs:
"HA: 
CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "(E, F) Interaction  between CHCHD2T61I and Csnk1e/d. Neuro2a  cells were transfected with the CHCHD2WT-HA  and CHCHD2T61I-HA  plasmids together with pmax-GFP  (to detect transfected cells), and were differentiated into neuronal  cells at 4 hr after transfection. At 28 hr after transfection, cells were fixed and the PLA  was performed using anti-HA  and anti-Csnk1e/d antibodies and Duolink PLA  reagents. In (E), PLA  signals were clearly observed in cells expressing CHCHD2T61I-HA, but were faint and localized  in the cytosol  in cells expressing CHCHD2WT-HA. Representative images at lower magnification are shown In (F), the number of PLA signals were counted (n  = 50 cells in each experiment). Red bars indicate mean values. In F), comparisons were performed using the unpaired two-tailed Student t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc test. *p &lt; 0.05. **p &lt; 0.01. NS: not significant"
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
HA: 
CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "(D-I) Neuro2a  cells were transfected with the CHCHD2T61I-HA  plasmid together with the indicated siRNAs, and were differentiated into neuronal  cells after 4 hr. At 28 hr after transfection, cells were fixed and stained  with anti-HA, anti-p-Nefl473, and anti-p-α-Syn129 antibodies, or ProteoStat aggresome  detection dye. Similar experiments were performed by the addition of PF-670462  (10 µM) after 4 hr of transfection instead of gene silencing. In (D, F, H), representative images are shown. Magnified images of the areas within the dashed squares are shown in the insets. Arrowheads indicate colocalized  puncta between CHCHD2T61I-HA  and the indicated phosphorylated  proteins or aggresomes. In (E, G, I), the amount of p-Nefl473 (E), p-α-Syn129 (G), and aggresomes (I) was measured as the fluorescence intensity per cell (n = 30 cells in each experiment). Red bars indicate mean values. In E, G, I), comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc tests or unpaired two-tailed Student t-test. *p &lt; 0.05; **p &lt; 0.01. NS: not significant"
NCBI gene IDs:
"HA: 
CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "(F-J) The same experiments as Fig. 5G-K were performed using PF-670462-infused and vehicle-infused Chchd2T61I knock-in mice."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Chchd2: 14004"
Figure legend: "(A) Photos of the midbrain  of a control subject (left) and PD patient  harboring the CHCHD2T61I mutation (right). The dashed lines indicate the SNpc. A portion of the midbrain  of the control subject was lost when slicing."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "(B-G) Colocalization  of extra-mitochondrial CHCHD2T61I with  CSNK1E/D, p-NEFL472, and p-α-SYN129 in the brain  of a PD patient  harboring the CHCHD2T61I mutation. Each brain  section was deparaffinized and immunostained  with anti-CHCHD2   and anti-ANT1/2 (B), anti-CSNK1E/D (C), anti-p-NEFL472 (D, E), or anti-p-α-SYN129 antibodies (F, G). Arrowheads indicate extra-mitochondrial CHCHD2T61I puncta (B), and puncta showing colocalization  of CHCHD2T61I with CSNK1E/D (C), p-NEFL472 (D), and p-α-SYN129 (F). Arrows indicate weaker colocalization  between  CHCHD2T61I and the indicated proteins in the control brain  (C, D, F). Dashed lines indicate cell shapes. In (E, G), the amount of p-NEFL472 (E) and p-α-SYN129 (G) was measured by the average fluorescence intensity per cell (n  = 30 cells in each experiment). Red bars indicate mean values. Comparisons were performed using the unpaired two-tailed Student t-tests. **p &lt; 0.01"
NCBI gene IDs:
"CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "iPSCs  were prepared from a healthy control and a PD patient  harboring the CHCHD2T61I mutation. An isogenic control iPSC  line was generated by the correction of the gene mutation Then, these iPSC  cells were differentiated into dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and analyzed by immunofluorescence  using anti-CHCHD2 (A-E), anti-ANT1/2 (A), anti-CSNK1E/D (B), anti-p-NEFL472 (C), and anti-p-α-SYN129 antibodies (D) Arrowheads indicate extra-mitochondrial CHCHD2T61I (A), puncta showing colocalization  of CHCHD2T61I with CSNK1E/D (B), p-NEFL472 (C, , and p-α-SYN129 (D, Dashed lines indicate cell shapes."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "CHCHD2T61I iPSC-derived DA neurons were treated with  PF-670462 (10 µM) for 20 hr and analyzed by immunofluorescence  using anti-CHCHD2  and anti-p-α-SYN129 antibodies (G), and ProteoStat aggresome  dye (H). Arrowheads indicate puncta showing colocalization  of CHCHD2T61I with p-α-SYN129 G) or aggresomes  H). Dashed lines indicate cell shapes."
NCBI gene IDs:
"CHCHD2: 51142"
Figure legend: "(B) Western blot  analyses of whole-cell lysates of wild-type (CC-124), bld10, bld10::B10-N-HA, bld10::B10-M-HA, and bld10::B10-C-HA  cells using antibodies against the C-terminal region of Bld10p  (Anti-Bld10-C antibody, upper blot) and the HA  antigen (Anti-HA  antibody, lower blot). The apparent molecular weights of tagged Bld10ps are slightly larger than that of native  Bld10p  due to their HA  tags."
NCBI gene IDs:
"bld10: 
HA: "
Figure legend: "(C) Percentages of flagellated  cells in wild-type (CC-124), bld10, bld10::B10-N-HA, bld10::B10-M-HA, bld10::B10-C-HA, bld12, bld10bld12, bld10bld12::∆N3, bld10bld12::∆C2, bld10::∆N3, and bld10::∆C2 cells. Cells with two (red), one (green), and zero (blue) flagella  were counted. n, number of cells counted."
NCBI gene IDs:
"bld10: 
bld12: 
HA: "
Figure legend: "(A)  Western blot  analyses of whole-cell lysates of wild-type (CC-124), bld12, bld10, bld10bld12, and  bld10bld12::∆N3 cells using an antibody against the C-terminal one-third of Bld10p  (Anti-Bld10-C antibody). The band corresponding to truncated Bld10p  (Bld10p  ∆N3) overlaps with a non-specific band at 75 kDa. (B) Western blot analyses of whole-cell lysates of wild-type (CC-124), bld12, bld10, bld10bld12, and bld10bld12::∆C2 cells using an antibody raised against the N-terminal 120 amino-acid sequence of Bld10p  (Anti-Bld10-N antibody)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"bld10: 
bld12: "
Figure legend: "(C) Cross-sectional electron micrographs of centrioles  in bld12, bld10::∆N3, bld10bld12::∆N3, bld10::∆C2, and bld10bld12::∆C2 cells. Scale bar, 100 nm. (D) Distribution of the number of triplets in centrioles  of bld12, bld10::∆N3, bld10bld12::∆N3, bld10::∆C2, and bld10bld12::∆C2 cells. Red lines denote the normal number of microtubules  in the centriole  (nine). n, number of centrioles  observed."
NCBI gene IDs:
"bld10: 
bld12: "
Figure legend: "(A and B) Cross-sectional electron micrographs  of the proximal  (A) and distal  (B) regions of centrioles  containing eight or nine triplets in bld12, bld10bld12::∆N3, and  bld10bld12::∆C2 cells. The arrangement of triplets in images of axonemes  were circularized using CentrioleJ program The colored circles represent the circles inscribed to the innermost positions of the A-tubules in the centriole. Scale bar, 100 nm. (C and D) Distances between adjacent  A-tubules at the proximal  (C) and distal  (D) regions of centrioles  containing seven, eight, nine, and ten triplets in wild-type (cw92), bld12, bld10bld12::∆N3, and bld10bld12::∆C2 cells. The distances between the contact points of A-tubules with the inscribed circle were measured. These distances were ~10% shorter in cells expressing truncated Bld10ps  than in wild-type and bld12  cells. ***, P&lt;0.0001. n, number of centrioles  measured. Data information: Data were analyzed by unpaired t-test. The graphs show mean ± SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"bld10: 
bld12: 
Bld10ps: "
Figure legend: "(E) Lengths of A-C linkers in wild-type (cw92), bld12, bld10bld12::∆N3, and  bld10bld12::∆C2 centrioles. Centrioles  containing nine triplets and eight triplets were separately analyzed. n, number of A-Clinkers measured. (F) Angles between adjacent triplets in centrioles  analyzed in panel €. The angle (θ) measured was defined as indicated in the schematic diagram; the angle between the line connecting the centers of  B-tubules of the two adjacent triplets (black line) and the line connecting the centers of A- and C-tubules  of the triplet of the two (brown line). *, P&lt;0.01. n, number of triplet angles measured. Data information: Data were analyzed by unpaired t-test. The graphs show mean ± SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"bld10: 
bld12: "
Figure legend: "D. To determine the Akt domain responsible for interacting with INVS, Akt subfragments were generated. The C-terminus of Akt is the primary domain for INVS interaction (lanes 7-9). Similar levels of each Akt fragment were immunoprecipitated using anti-HA antibody."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Akt: 208///207"
Figure legend: "E. Schematic showing the structure and the functional domains of Flag-tagged full-length and fragmented INVS in mammalian expression vectors (N-Term: 1-421, Intermediate domain: 421-678, and C-Term: 678-1065) used in the current study. Intermediate (lanes 6-9) and C-terminal (lanes 10-12) fragments of INVS were important for interaction with Akt."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "A. The indicated recombinant INVS proteins (lanes 1-4) were used for IVK. Akt phosphorylates WT (lane5), 1-970 (lane 6), and 1-898 (lane 7) INVS, but failed to phosphorylate 1-670 (lane 8) INVS."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "Co-immunoprecipitation assays using HEK293T cells show that INVS preferentially binds to WT-Akt (second panel, lane1) or phospho-mimetic Akt (T308D/S473D, lane2), but fails to interact with phosphorylation-defective forms of Akt (T308A/S473A, lane 3).PDGF-AA stimulation of HEK293T cells results in augmented interaction of endogenous INVS with Akt (top panel, comparison between lane 1 and lane 2, untreated and PDGF-AA-stimulated conditions, respectively)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Akt: 208///207"
Figure legend: "Both WT and 3A-INVS, which are localized at the INVS compartment of primary cilia under serum-starved condition (left side panels, lower panels show higher magnification), translocate to the basal body of the cilium after PDGF-AA stimulation (right side panels, lower panels show higher magnification). Results presented are means ± SE of yellow pixels demonstrating colocalization of EGFP-INVS (green) with γ-tubulin (red) in hTERT-RPE1 cells (n=28). Three independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by student's t test. Fluorescence intensities of INVS (green), acetylated-α-tubulin (blue), and γ-tubulin (red) along the line (a-b) are plotted underneath."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "A. PDGF-AA stimulation resulted in the phosphorylation of WT INVS (top panel, lane 2), but not 3A INVS (top panel, lane 6). PDGF-AA-stimulated INVS phosphorylation is inhibited by Akt inhibitors (top panel, LY294002, MK2206, and GSK690693, lanes 3, 4, and 5, respectively)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "B. Myr-Akt, a constitutively active form of Akt, was expressed together with WT or 3A INVS in HEK293 cells and INVS phosphorylation was quantified. WT, but not 3A INVS, can be phosphorylated in the presence of Myr-Akt."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Akt: 208///207
INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "C. 3A INVS exhibited a weaker interaction with Akt as compared to WT INVS (top panel, compare lanes 1 and 2, WT and phospho-defective mutant, respectively). Expression of Akt and INVS are shown underneath.D. 3A INVS exhibited weaker dimerization as compared to WT INVS (top panel, compare lanes 1 and 2, WT and 3A, respectively). Expression of Akt and INVS are shown below each."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "E. Length of primary cilia in confluent hTERT-RPE cells was analyzed after siRNA-mediated knock down of Akt1/2. Ciliary length decreased in cells expressing siRNA. Results presented are means ±SE of the longitudinal length of acetylated-tubulin (red), a marker of primary cilia, in siRNA-transfected (green) hTERT-RPE1 cells (n=175 for control siRNA and Akt siRNA, and n=195 for Akt siRNA plus siRNA resistant Akt, respectively). Three independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was analyzed by student's t test. Note that re-introduction of siRNA-resistant Akt (Matsuda-Lennikov et al., 2014) in Akt knockdown cells rescued the effect on ciliary length."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Akt1: 207
Akt: 208///207"
Figure legend: "Quantification of ciliary length. Results are mean ± SE of longitudinal length of acetylated-tubulin (blue), a marker of primary cilia, in EGFP-INVS (green) transfected in hTERT-RPE1 cells (n=58 for EGFP vector and for EGFP-INVS WT, and n=52 for EGFP-INVS 3A mutant, respectively). Three independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by student's t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "Schematic describing the measurement of spindle angle (θ) (Kikuchi et al., 2010). Z-stack images were obtained from 0.45 mm-thick sections of metaphase cells and the angle between the axis of metaphase spindle and that of the substrate surface, which is termed the spindle angle, was calculated. Results presented are scatter plots of the angle (θ) of the mitotic spindle (n=28 for all samples of vector, HA-WT, -3D, -3A, -R899X, -Q671X, and -R603X INVS stably transfected MDCK cells). Three independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by Mann-Whitney's non-parametric median test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "Spindle angles were measured in MDCK cells transfected with the indicated INVS plasmids (+). The spindle axis was misaligned in cells expressing mutant forms of INVS as compared to cells expressing WT INVS or sham-transduced cells. Expression of 3A INVS and of clinically relevant truncated forms of INVS but not WT INVS, resulted in disorientation of the spindle axis during metaphase. Similar expression of all INVS constructs was verified by immunoblotting (Appendix figure S4A)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "WT INVS robustly inhibited the transactivation of INVS in a luciferase reporter assay, which could be reverted by C-terminal truncated INVS (R899X, Q671X, or Q603X), but not by a phospho-mimetic mutant or 3A INVS. Results presented are mean ± SE of the ratio of triplicates between sequentially measured firefly TCF/LEF signal and Renilla luciferase signal in HA-INVS transfected 293T cells. Dual-Luciferase reporter® Assay System (Promega) was used and experiments were performed in triplicates. Two independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by student's t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "WT INVS- transduced MDCK cells in 3D cultures form uniform round tubules. However, expression of 3A or NPHP2-related truncated INVS mutants, which lack Akt phosphorylation site (s), disrupts this uniformity. Results presented are representative of three independent experiments and show mean ± SE of percent normal acini in vector- or WT INVS-transduced MDCK cells (n=422 for Vector, n=398 for HA-WT, n=401 for -3D, n=365 for -3A, n= 344 for -R899X, n=331 for -Q671X, and n=325 for -R603X INVS stably transfected MDCK cells, respectively). Three independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by student's t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "WT transduced MDCK cells form a relatively smaller lumen; however, expression of 3A INVS or the indicated NPHP2-related truncation mutants result in relatively larger acini. Both truncation mutants (Q671X or R603X) lack the Akt phosphorylation site and exhibit a larger lumen size. Three independent experiments showed similar results."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "C. Quantification of normal lumen in cells transduced with WT or mutant INVS. Results presented are mean ±SE of percent normal acini in vector- or WT INVS-transduced MDCK cells (n=166 for Vector, n=204 for HA-WT, n=233 for -3D, n=150 for -3A, n=164 for -R899X, n=128 for -Q671X, and n=137 for -R603X INVS stably transfected MDCK cells, respectively). Three independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by student's t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "D. Size of lumen in cells transduced with WT or mutant INVS is shown. Results presented are scatter plots of acini size (n=205 for Vector, n=143 for HA-WT, n=131 for -3D, n=167 for -3A, n=144 for -R899X, n=128 for -Q671X, and n=144 for -R603X INVS stably transfected MDCK cells, respectively). Two independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical significance was determined by Mann-Whitney's non-parametric median test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"INVS: 27130"
Figure legend: "A. Time-lapse of actin filaments constantly exposed to nGr-Tpm1.8 (yellow), WT mCh-cofilin-1 (blue) and S3D-cofilin-1, and to MICAL1 from time t=100s onwards. Here we mixed WT with an excess of S3D-cofilin-1 to mimic cellular conditions in which most of cofilin-1 is inhibited by phosphorylation. While Tpm prevents cofilin from binding to non-oxidized filaments, MICAL1 rapidly oxidizes actin, allowing cofilin to bind and sever filaments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"mCh: "
Figure legend: "(A) MEFs were transfected with GFP-tagged wild-type (WT) or mutant Parkin expression plasmid followed by an 18-h treatment of CCCP. Cells are immunostained with a Tom20 antibody to visualize mitochondria (red). GFP-parkin-transfected cells are marked by dotted lines. Arrows indicate parkin-positive mitochondria or mitochondrial aggregates. Bar, 10 µm. (B) The average percentages of mitochondria-free cells from three independent experiments from A are presented with standard deviation as error bar. **, P &lt; 0.01"
NCBI gene IDs:
"Parkin: 56816"