EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure legend: "(C) Representative image of a smKO male Ndfu3s3-smKO mouse and a WTFlx littermate of 6-month old showing decreased body weight."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndfu3s3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(D) Survival curve of Ndufs3 smKO female mice (red line) and males (blue line). P values were calculated using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) Test; p=0.0010 for males (n=19), and p=0.0004 for females (n=10)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(E) Nocturnal ambulatory activity of Ndufs3 smKO and aged matched wild-type littermates from 1 and 2 months old male mice. P values were calculated by Student's t test. P values were calculated by Student's t test to determine the level of statistical difference. ; *p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.01 and ***p&lt;0.0001."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(F) The number of falls in the treadmill of WTFlx and Ndufs3 smKO male mice, starting at 2 months (n=8). Bars represent means ± standard error (SE). P values were calculated by Student's t test to determine the level of statistical difference. n.s.-not significant; *p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.01 and ***p&lt;0.0001."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(G) Rotarod performed by Ndufs3 smKO and wild-type male mice. (n=8). Bars represent means ± standard error (SE). P values were calculated by Student's t test to determine the level of statistical difference. n.s.-not significant; *p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.01 and ***p&lt;0.0001."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(A) Representative image of quadriceps from WTFlx and Ndufs3 smKO animals of 8 months of age. Muscle weight from Ndufs3 smKO males (black bar) and wild-type mice (white bar) from 6, and 8 months of age (n=5 each group). Bars represent means ± standard error (SEM)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(B) Representative H&amp;E, COX, and SDH staining of quadriceps from WTFlx and Ndufs3-Mlc1f smKO at 8 months old."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Mlc1f: 17901
Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(C) Cross-sectional area (CSA) of quadriceps muscle fibers. A minimum of 100 fibers/sample were analyzed (n =3/genotype). The percentage of central nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers of quadriceps muscle of WTFlx and Ndufs3 smKO at 8 months (n =3 mice for WTFlx and n=4 mice for Ndufs3 smKO). P values were calculated by Student's t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(D) Serum lactate levels of WTFlx and Ndufs3-smKO animals at different ages. Ndufs3 smKO male mice (filled black squares) showed increased levels compared to matched WTFlx males (empty black squares). Error bars represent SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(E) BN-PAGE In-Gel Activities of Complex I and IV measured in homogenates from quadriceps of wild-type and Ndufs3-Mlc1f smKO animals at 2 and 4 months."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Mlc1f: 17901
Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(F-G) Western blots of muscle homogenates (quadriceps) of WTFlx and Ndufs3-Mlc1f smKO animals at different ages (2 and 4 months, respectively) using antibodies against PGC-1α, COX1 (complex IV subunit), NDUFS3, VDAC1, SDHA (complex II subunit), and β-actin. (H) Quantification of the western blots in panels F and G. Bars represent means ±SEM of n=4 for each group. P values were determined by Student's t test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Mlc1f: 17901
Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(C) The KO-GFP mouse was visibly smaller and weaker than a KO-NDUFS3 mouse, at 7 months."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(D) Females body weight injected with rAAV9-Ndufs3 (heretofore referred to as KO-NDUFS3) mice were similar to WTFlx mice body weight and significantly higher than the rAAV9-eGFP injected mice (KO-GFP) starting at 5 months. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. P values were calculated using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) Test; p=0.0016 (KO-NDUFS3 vs KO-GFP); p=0.0014 (KO-GFP vs WTFlx); n-indicates the number of animals used per group."
NCBI gene IDs:
"eGFP: 
GFP: 
Ndufs3: 68349
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(E) Males body weight of KO-NDUFS3 mice were similar to WTFlx mice, and significantly different from KO-GFP from 4 months onwards. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-test. P values were calculated using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) Test; p=0.0016 (KO-NDUFS3 vs KO-GFP); p=0.0014 (KO-GFP vs WTFlx); n-indicates the number of animals used per group."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(F) Treadmill performance was significantly improved in the KO-NDUFS3 mice when compared to the KO-GFP, from 2 months onwards. P values were calculated using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) Test; p=0.0016 (KO-NDUFS3 vs KO-GFP); p=0.0014 (KO-GFP vs WTFlx); n-indicates the number of animals used per group."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(G) Four limb strength was evaluated by the grid hang test. KO-NDUFS3 mice performed significantly better starting at 3 months, when compared to the KO-GFP mice. F) and G) Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. P values were calculated using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) Test; p=0.0016 (KO-NDUFS3 vs KO-GFP); p=0.0014 (KO-GFP vs WTFlx); n-indicates the number of animals used per group."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(H) Quadriceps and gastrocnemius wet weight of 6 months old mice was similar between WTFlx and KO-NDUFS3 mice. Quadriceps weight was significantly increased in KO-NDUFS3 mice when compared to KO-GFP injected. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. ns- not significant. P values were calculated using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) Test; p=0.0016 (KO-NDUFS3 vs KO-GFP); p=0.0014 (KO-GFP vs WTFlx); n-indicates the number of animals used per group."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(I) Survival curve of Ndufs3 smKO mice injected with rAVV9-Ndufs3 (blue line) and with rAVV9-eGFP (green line). WTFlx mice are depicted in black. rAAV9-Ndufs3 injections extended the survival of the smKO mice."
NCBI gene IDs:
"eGFP: 
Ndufs3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(A) Western blots of 6 months old quadriceps of WTFlx, KO and KO-NDUFS3 injected mice at 15-18 days old. GFP expression was observed only in the KO-GFP mice. Protein loading was obtained with stain-free gel technology. (B) Quantification of NDUFS3, COXI and SDHA expression levels in female mice showed in A."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(G) Total mtDNA levels in quadriceps from males and females were determined by qPCR using the ratio ND1/18S. Inset shows the appearance of the quadriceps, reflecting normalization of mitochondrial levels after replacement of NDUFS3."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ND1: 17716
NDUFS3: 68349
18S: 100861531"
Figure legend: "(B) The smKO mice group that received retro-orbital injections at 2 months was tested prior to the rAAV9-Ndufs3 injection showing a significant exercise intolerance attested by the number of falls in the treadmill. The KO-NDUFS3 gradually recovered over time. Individual KO-NDUFS3 mice are color coded. Green triangles represent the animals injected with GFP whereas white triangles represent non-injected mice. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
Ndufs3: 68349
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(C) The hang test was performed in symptomatic mice which had a significant decrease in four-limb muscle strength and coordination, at 2 months. The KO-NDUFS3 mice showed a significant recovery 3.5 months after injection. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(D) KO-NDUFS3 muscle weight was similar to WTFlx mice, and it was significantly increased in gastrocnemius when compared to KO-GFP mice. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(E) Immunohistochemical analysis with NDUFB8 and COX1 antibodies in quadriceps muscle sections of 6-month-old animals. The expression of NDUFB8 (representative of assembled CI) was recovered in the KO-NDUFS3 mice and COX1 expression was similar to WTFlx animals."
NCBI gene IDs:
"NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(F) COX and COX/SDH activity staining showed that KO-NDUFS3 quadriceps were reverted to levels found in wild-type, at 6 months. n-indicates the number of animals used per group, scale: 100 µm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(A) Western blots showed NDUFS3 expression in KO-NDUFS3 and GFP expression in the KO-GFP quadriceps samples. PGC-1α expression was normalized in the KO-NDUFS3 mice which was abnormally elevated in the KO-GFP. The same was observed for CIV (COX1), CIII (Core 2) and CII (SDHA). (B) Quantification of western blots showed in A. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. Data represent means ±SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(C) BN-PAGE western blots showed recovery of Complex I assembly into complex and supercomplexes in KO-NDUFS3 injected mice. CIV and CII were similar to wild-type in the KO-NDUFS3 samples, at 6 months."
NCBI gene IDs:
"NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(E) BN-PAGE In-gel CI and IV activities of KO-NDUFS3 mice were also reverted to levels similar to the WTFlx samples (F) Quantification of in-gel activities. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. Data represent means ±SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(G) Complex I/Citrate synthase activity of KO-NDUFS3 samples measured spectrophotometrically were similar to WTFlx samples and increased in comparison to KO-GFP mice. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. Data represent means ±SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(H) Total mtDNA levels were determined by qPCR. MtDNA levels in KO-NDUFS3 mice were decreased when compared to KO-GFP mice and not different from the levels in WTFlx mice. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. Data represent means ±SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(I) The serum lactate levels were similar to WTFlx in KO-NDUFS3 samples and significantly decreased when compared to KO-GFP levels. The individual KO-NDUFS3 animals are color coded. Green triangles represent the animals injected with rAAV9-eGFP whereas black triangles represent animals which did not receive an rAAV9-eGFP injection. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. Data represent means ±SEM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"eGFP: 
GFP: 
NDUFS3: 68349"
Figure legend: "(E), Kaplan-Meier  analysis of  survival  rates in WT,  Fpr1 and Fpr2  KO mice after i.p. challenge with 2x105 bacteria. Data are the cumulative results from two experiments, each involving 8 animals per group. **P &lt; 0.01, ****P &lt; 0.0001 vs WT mice, as determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Data information: means + SDs of three duplicate determinations, each conducted in a different animal."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Fpr1: 14293
Fpr2: 14289"
Figure legend: "(F-G)  Neutrophil  influx (F) and  bacterial burden (G) in peritoneal lavage fluid samples collected from Fpr2-/- mice at 3 h after i.p. challenge with live GBS (2x107 CFU). At 1h post-challenge mice were inoculated i.p. with 1 μg of recombinant Cxcl1   or Cxcl2  or with vehicle. Data information: , individual data points and means. *P &lt; 0.05, **P &lt; 0.01, ***P &lt; 0.001 versus vehicle treated mice determined by unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney U test"
NCBI gene IDs:
"Fpr2: 14289"
Figure legend: "(D), Effect of the absence of  Fpr1, Fpr2 or the TLR adaptor MyD88  on the activation of AP-1 family members in  neutrophils. Neutrophils from WT, Fpr- or  MyD88-deficient mice  were stimulated for 90 min with live GBS (MOI 5), lysed and assayed for AP-1 activation. Data are means + SD from three independent experiments conducted in duplicate. *P &lt; 0.05, ***P &lt; 0.001 vs WT  mice, as determined by unpaired t-test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Fpr1: 14293
Fpr2: 14289
MyD88: 17874
TLR: 21897///24088///142980///21898///53791///21899///170743///170744///81897///239081///384059///279572"
Figure legend: "(F), Effect of the absence of Fpr1,  Fpr2  or the  TLR  adaptor MyD88  on  p38MAPK activation in neutrophils  stimulated with live  GBS  (MOI 5). Shown is a blot representative of three separate experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Fpr1: 14293
Fpr2: 14289
MyD88: 17874"
Figure legend: " F. A physical 650-kb window of the genomic distribution of genes surrounding SNP rs4971059, such as EFNA4, KRTCAP2, MUC1, MIR92B, THBS3,and DAP3 (top). Total RNAs were extracted from [GG], [GA], or [AA] MCF-10A cells and analyzed for the expression of EFNA4, KRTCAP2, TRIM46, MUC1, THBS3, MIR92B, or DAP3 by RT-qPCR. TRIM28 was examined as a negative control (bottom). "
NCBI gene IDs:
"DAP3: 7818
EFNA4: 1945
KRTCAP2: 200185
MIR92B: 693235
MUC1: 4582
THBS3: 7059
TRIM28: 10155
TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: " B. MCF-7 cells were transfected with a control vector or FLAG-TRIM46 for 40 h and treated with DMSO or MG132 (2μM) for 10h. Cellular lysates were then collected for western blotting with antibodies against the indicated proteins. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"FLAG: 
TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: " F. Schematic diagrams of HDAC1 deletion mutants. GST pull-down experiments were performed with bacterially expressed GST-fused proteins as indicated and in vitro transcribed/translated TRIM46. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"HDAC1: 3065"
Figure legend: " F. MCF-7 cells were transfected with empty vector or FLAG-TRIM46 for forty-eight hours and then treated with 50 μg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) for the indicated hours. DMSO was added to cells 10 h before cellular proteins were collected for western blotting (left). On the right panel, quantitation was done by densitometry analysis of the immunoblots and expressed as signals of HDAC1. G. MCF-7 cells were treated as described in F, except that MG132 (10 μM) was added to cells 10 h before cellular proteins were collected for western blotting (left). Quantitation was performed on the right panel as in F. H. MCF-7 cells were treated with control siRNA or TRIM46 siRNA. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were treated with 50 μg/mL CHX for the indicated hours before cellular proteins were extracted for western blotting analysis (left). Quantitation was performed on the right panel as in F. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: "  In vivo ubiquitination assays performed in MCF-7 cells. (B) Stable shCTR- or shTRIM46-expressing MCF7 cells were transfected with His-Ub for 40 h. Cells were then treated with MG132 (10 μM) for 12 h before Ni-NTA bead precipitation followed by IB with anti-HDAC1. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: " E-G. Verification of representative genes targeted by the TRIM46-HDAC1 axis. (E) MCF-7 cells were transfected with empty vector, FLAG-TRIM46, or FLAG-TRIM46 together with FLAG-HDAC1 for 48 h. (F) MCF-7 cells were transfected with control siRNA, TRIM46 siRNA, or TRIM46 siRNA together with HDAC1 siRNA for 72 h. (G) MCF-7 cells were transfected with control siRNA, TRIM46 siRNA, or a siRNA-resistant TRIM46 construct together with TRIM46 siRNA for 72 h. Total RNAs were extracted from cells and RT-qPCR was performed with primers specific for indicted genes. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"FLAG: 
HDAC1: 3065
TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: " B. EdU assays were performed in MCF-7 cells treated with control siRNA, TRIM46 siRNA or TRIM46 siRNA and HDAC1 siRNA for 72 h, or MCF-10A cells treated with vector, FLAG-TRIM46 or FLAG-TRIM46 and FLAG-HDAC1 for 48 h. Representative images from FACS analysis are shown on the left panel, the percentage numbers of cells in S phase was quantified by FlowJo software on the right panel. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"FLAG: 
HDAC1: 3065
TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: " G. Accumulation of γH2AX in cells depleted of TRIM46 or HDAC1 after cisplatin stimulation. MCF-7 cells were treated with 4 μM cisplatin for 8 h before harvesting. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"HDAC1: 3065
TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: "D. Control MCF-7 cells or MCF-7 cells depleted with TRIM46 were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (cis), VP16, or adriamycin (ADM) for 72 h, and the proportions of viable cells were examined. E. Control MCF-10A cells or MCF-10A cells overexpressed TRIM46 were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin, VP16, or adriamycin for 72 h, and the proportions of viable cells were examined."
NCBI gene IDs:
"TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: " E. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of TCGA BRCA dataset for the correlation between overall survival of breast cancer patients and TRIM46, BRCA1, or BLM expression. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"BLM: 641
BRCA1: 672
TRIM46: 80128"
Figure legend: "Kaplan-Meier analysis of the correlation between expression level of LOC113230 and overall survival of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients from TCGA database. P&lt;0.001. P-value for Kaplan-Meier curves was determined using log-rank test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "qRT-PCR analysis of LOC113230 expression level in 65 paired CRC samples."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "Representative RNA-Scope immunostaining images of LOC113230 levels in CRC tissue and corresponding normal tissue from TMA chips. Scale bar represents 100 μM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "Kaplan-Meier analysis for overall survival of CRC patients with high and low expression of LOC113230 from TMA chips. *P &lt; 0.001. P-value for Kaplan-Meier curves was determined using log-rank test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "Overexpression of LOC113230 in SW-1116 cells inhibited lung metastasis. Left: Exponentially growing SW-1116 - LOC113230-Luc and SW-1116-Vector-Luc cells were injected into the tail vein of 8-week-old nude mice and intensities of lung metastatic tumor cells at the 8th week were analyzed by in vivo photon flux imaging equipment. The red circles in images are to help to see the tumors. Right: Box plot (central band: median; box limits: first and third quartile; whiskers: minimum and maximum) of lung photon flux at the 8th weeks."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Luc: 
LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "5 ng/ml TGF-β and DMSO were applied to stimulate SW-1116 -Vector or SW-1116 -LOC113230 cells for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively. Cell migration was detected by transwell assays. Scale bar represents 100 μM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "I)Stable expression of LOC113230 300-800 inhibited cell migration, while LOC113230 antisense showed no apparent effect on cell migration. Scale bar represents 100 μM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "(A)Top: Images taken by confocal microscopy showed the localization of LOC113230 detected by RNA scope assays in SW-1116. Scale bar represents 50 μM. Bottom: qRT-PCR assays showed LOC113230 expression level in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions extracted from SW-1116 cells."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "SW-1116 cells bearing stable expression or knockdown of LOC113230 were treated with MG132 (5 μM) for 12 hrs. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated (IP) assays were performed with α-Flag antibody. The co-eluted proteins were detected by western blot assays with ubiquitin (Ub), ASS1 and α-Flag antibodies, respectively."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "SW-1116 cells stably expressing ASS1WT, or ASS1 K234R and LOC113230 or not were treated with MG132 (5 μM) for 12 hrs. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated (IP) assays were performed with α-Flag antibody. The co-eluted proteins were detected by western blot assays with ubiquitin (Ub) and α-Flag antibodies, respectively."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ASS1: 445
LOC113230: 113230"
Figure legend: "Depletion of ASS1 decreased cell migration in SW-1116 cells. Scale bar represents 100 μM."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ASS1: 445"
Figure legend: "Transwell assays showed the effect of ASS1WT and ASS1K234R on Caco-2-Vector or Caco-2-LOC113323 cell migration. Scale bar represents 100 μM.."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ASS1: 445
LOC113323: 113230"
Figure legend: "(N) Kaplan-Meier analysis for overall survival of patients with high or low expression of ASS1. P &lt; 0.001. P-value for Kaplan-Meier curves was determined using log-rank test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ASS1: 445"
Figure legend: "SW-1116-LOC113230 cells transiently transfected with siRNAs to LRPPRC or TRAF2 or scrambled control (SiRNA-NC) were treated with MG132 (5 µM) for 12 hrs. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with α-Flag antibody. The precipitate proteins and input proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting. NC: Negative control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LRPPRC: 10128
LOC113230: 113230
TRAF2: 7186"
Figure legend: "SIRT1 activity is required for resveratrol-induced autophagy but not for spermidine-mediated autophagy induction in mammalian cultured cells. (A-C) Human colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells were left untransfected (Co, control) or transfected with an irrelevant siRNA (UNR, unrelated) or siRNAs specific for ATG5, ATG7, or SIRT1 and then retransfected with a GFP-LC3-encoding plasmid, cultured in complete medium for 24 h, and left untreated or treated for 4 h with 100-µM resveratrol (Resv) or spermidine (Spd). The same experiment was performed in the presence of bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), which inhibits the fusion between lysosomes and autophagosomes, to evaluate the autophagic flux. (A) Representative images. (B) Quantitative data."
NCBI gene IDs:
"ATG5: 9474
ATG7: 10533
LC3: 440738///81631///84557
SIRT1: 23411"
Figure legend: "SIRT1 activity is required for resveratrol-induced autophagy but not for spermidine-mediated autophagy induction in mammalian cultured cells. (A-C) Human colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells were left untransfected (Co, control) or transfected with an irrelevant siRNA (UNR, unrelated) or siRNAs specific for ATG5, ATG7, or SIRT1 and then retransfected with a GFP-LC3-encoding plasmid, cultured in complete medium for 24 h, and left untreated or treated for 4 h with 100-µM resveratrol (Resv) or spermidine (Spd). The same experiment was performed in the presence of bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), which inhibits the fusion between lysosomes and autophagosomes, to evaluate the autophagic flux. (A) Representative images. (B) Quantitative data. (C) Representative immunoblots of HCT 116 cells transfected either with an unrelated siRNA or with a SIRT1-specific siRNA showing LC3 lipidation after treatment with 100-µM spermidine in the presence or absence of bafilomycin A1."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LC3: 440738///81631///84557
SIRT1: 23411"
Figure legend: "(D-F) HCT 116 cells were left transfected with a GFP-LC3 plasmid, cultured in complete medium for 24 h, and treated with either vehicle (Co), 100-µM resveratrol, or 100-µM spermidine in the presence or absence of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 for 4 h. (D) Representative images. (E) Quantitative data. (B and E) Bars depict the percentages of cells showing accumulation of GFP-LC3 in puncta (GFP-LC3vac; means ± SEM; n = 3; *, P &lt; 0.05). (F) Representative immunoblots showing LC3 lipidation in HCT 116 cells treated with 100-µM spermidine in the presence or absence of EX527. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SIRT1: 23411"
Figure legend: "The lifespan-extending and autophagy-inducing effects of spermidine in yeast are not mediated by Sir2. (A-E) EGFP-Atg8p was ectopically expressed in wild-type (WT) or Δsir2 S. cerevisiae undergoing chronological aging on small synthetic 2% glucose media with or without (Co, control) supplementation of 4-mM spermidine (Spd). (A) Representative images. EGFP-Atg8p localization (bottom) was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Yeast cells undergoing autophagy (in which EGFP-Atg8p exhibits a prominent vacuolar localization) are indicated by arrows. Yeast morphology was monitored by differential interference contrast (DIC; top)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Atg8p: 852200
Sir2: 851520
sir2: 851520"