EMBO/SourceData huggingface dataset:
Figure legend: "Schematic of mutation analysis during allelic recombination (left). Mutation reporter cassette is inserted within the repair template 16 kb away from strand invasion site. Mutation rate (right) of WT, rad59∆, rad52-R70A was calculated as previously described (Saini et. al., 2013). Data information: χ  Mutation rates are reported as the median value, and statistical comparisons between median mutation rates were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"rad52: 854976
rad59: 851500"
Figure legend: "(A-C) Representative Southern blots showing DSB repair products (top), percentage of BIR among repair products (bottom left) and viability  (bottom right) of WT and sir2∆ in the H-150 assay (A),  H--150 no-gap assay  (B) or native mating type switching H-1400 assay (C). (mean ± SD; n = 3). Welch's unpaired t-test was used to determine the p-value in panels A-C."
NCBI gene IDs:
"BIR: 853551
sir2: 851520"
Figure legend: "(A-B) Representative Southern blots showing DSB repair products (top), percentage of BIR among repair products (bottom left) and viability (bottom right) of indicated mutants in the H-150 no-gap assay (A) or H-150 assay (B). (mean ± SD; n ≥3). Welch's unpaired t-test was used to determine the p-value in panels A and B."
NCBI gene IDs:
"BIR: 853551"
Figure legend: "(I) The MET variants by Sanger sequencing was indicated by red arrow."
NCBI gene IDs:
"MET: 4233"
Figure legend: "(J) 293T cells were transfected with FLAG-tagged MET/METMut/Vector plasmids, and 48 h post transfection, cells were treated with 10 ng/mL recombinant human HGF for 1 h. Then MET/METMut protein purification and tyrosine kinase assay were conducted. Western Blot pictures representative of n = 3 experiments. METMut means p.Y1234C mutant MET. EGFR means epidermal growth factor receptor and serves as a positive control. NC means negative control."
NCBI gene IDs:
"FLAG: 
MET: 4233"
Figure legend: "(A) In situ hybridization of E10.5 embryos using Pax3 probe. Pax3 expression (brown signal) was observed in limb bud and demomyotome (DM), respectively. Cells labeled with Pax3 were indicated by red arrow. Scale bars, 200 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Pax3: 18505"
Figure legend: "(D-G) Cell death mechanisms of C3H BMDMs transfected with miR-342-3p mimic (D), or B6 BMDMs transfected with miR-342-3p inhibitor (F), followed by Mtb infection for 36 hours. Cell viabilities of C3H BMDMs transfected with miR-342-3p mimic (E), or B6 BMDMs transfected with miR-342-3p inhibitor (G), followed by stimulation with Mtb or z-VAD (20 μM) for 24 hours. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"miR-342-3p: 723909"
Figure legend: "(A, B) Survival of Mir342+/+C3H mice and their wild-type littermate controls (C3H) (n=10) (A), or Mir342-/-B6 mice and their wild-type littermate controls (B6) (n=10) (B) after aerosol infection with around 400 CFU Mtb. Data are shown as the Kaplan-Meier curves."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Mir342: 723909"
Figure legend: "(G, H) Secretion of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and CXCL15 in BMDMs obtained from Mir342+/+C3H and their littermates (C3H) (G), or from Mir342-/-B6 and their littermates (B6) (H) after Mtb stimulation, was detected by ELISA. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Mir342: 723909"
Figure legend: "(C, D) MiR-342-3p mimic or inhibitor was transfected to NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. After 48 hours, cells were collected for qRT-PCR (C, data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates) and western blotting (D, representative blots from n = 3 biological replicates are shown) to detect SOCS6 expression."
NCBI gene IDs:
"MiR-342-3p: 723909"
Figure legend: "(F-H) C3H BMDMs were transfected with miR-342-3p mimic or SOCS6-overexpressing lentivirus, followed by stimulation with Mtb or z-VAD (20 μM) for 24 hours. Cell death mechanisms (F), cell viabilities (G) and Mtb growth rates (H) were analyzed respectively. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"miR-342-3p: 723909
SOCS6: 54607"
Figure legend: "(A, B) Survival of Mir342-/-B6 and Mir342-/-B6 mice supplemented with Socs6 siRNA (n=10) (A), or Mir342+/+C3H and Mir342+/+C3H mice supplemented with SOCS6-overexpressing vector (n=10) (B), after aerosol infection with around 400 CFU Mtb. Data are shown as the Kaplan-Meier curves."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Mir342: 723909
Socs6: 54607
SOCS6: 54607"
Figure legend: "(C-F) Relative expressions of chemokines CCL5, CXCL10, ICAM1 (C), and Caspase 3, Caspase 7, Caspase 8 (F) in Mtb-stimulated Socs6+/+ or Socs6-/- BMDMs were detected by qRT-PCR. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates. Cluster analysis of clinical samples."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Caspase 3: 12367
Caspase 7: 12369
Caspase 8: 12370
CCL5: 20304
CXCL10: 15945
ICAM1: 15894
Socs6: 54607"
Figure legend: "(C) Socs6-/- BMDMs were transfected with plasmids expressing Myc-RIPK3 or Myc-RIPK3 K51A mutant for 24 hours. Afterwards, transfected cells were stimulated with Mtb for 12 hours, cell lysates were collected and immunoprecipitated using an anti-RIPK1 antibody. The recruitment of Caspase 8, RIPK3, FADD and MLKL was analyzed by immunoblot. The lower panel represents the immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysates. Representative blots from n = 3 biological replicates are shown."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Myc: 
RIPK3: 56532
Socs6: 54607"
Figure legend: "(D-F) Cell viabilities (D), cell death mechanisms (E), or Mtb growth rates (F) of Mtb-infected Socs6-/- BMDMs that were transfected with plasmids expressing Myc-RIPK3 or Myc-RIPK3 K51A mutant as indicated. Z-VAD treatment concentration was 20 μM and the treatment time was 24 hours. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Myc: 
RIPK3: 56532
Socs6: 54607"
Figure legend: "(E-G) RAW264.7 cells were transfected with plasmids expressing A20 and RIPK3 (E), or A20 and RIPK3 mutants (G) as indicated, cell lysates were collected for immunoprecipitation and immunoblot. Myc-A20 or Flag-RIPK3 purified from transfected HEK-293T cells was incubated with ATP, E1, E2 and ubiquitin as indicated. The in vitro ubiquitination of RIPK3 was analyzed by immunoblot using an anti-Ub antibody (F). Representative blots from n = 3 biological replicates are shown."
NCBI gene IDs:
"RIPK3: 56532
A20: 21929"
Figure legend: "(A, B) Production of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, CXCL15 (A), or chemokines Ccl5, Cxcl10, Icam1 (B) in the A20-/-Socs6+/+, A20+/+Socs6+/+, A20-/-Socs6-/- and A20+/+Socs6-/- BMDMs after Mtb stimulation. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 3 biological replicates."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Ccl5: 20304
Cxcl10: 15945
Icam1: 15894
Socs6: 54607
A20: 21929"
Figure legend: "(A, B) Two-dimensional tryptic mapping of YFP-p27, YFP-p27T198A and a mixture of both (A). Phosphoamino-acid analysis of spots a and b (B). The migration of phosphoserine (S), phosphothreonine (T) and phosphotyrosine (Y) is marked with circles in B. The asterisk indicates the origin of migration."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027"
Figure legend: "(C-E) MCF-7 transfected with YFP-p27 or YFP-p27T198A mutant (C, D) or cotransfected with YFP-p27 and an empty RFP vector in a 5:1 (YFP-p27: RFP) ratio (E) were treated with (+) or without (−) MG132 (10 μM) for 12 h before western blot analysis (C) and fluorescence microscopy (D, E)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027
p27T198A: 1027"
Figure legend: "(F) Western blots of protein extracts from MCF-7 transfected with YFP-p27, YFP-p27T198A or YFP-p27T198D mutants following incubation with cycloheximide (CHX) for the indicated times. Uncropped images of the blots are shown in the Supplementary Information, Fig. S5."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027
p27T198A: 1027"
Figure legend: "(a) Crystal violet staining of MCF-7 cell transfected with YFP (C1), YFP-p27, YFP-p27T198A or YFP-p27T198D and selected with G418 for three weeks. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027"
Figure legend: "(b) Flow cytometry analysis of MCF-7 cells transfected with YFP (C1) or YFP-p27, YFP-p27T198A and YFP-p27T198D for 48 h. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027"
Figure legend: "(c) GFP-LC3 U2OS cells 48 h post-transfection with RFP, RFP-p27, RFP-p27T198A or RFP-p27T198D. Data represent results of three independent experiments, from which a total of ∼200 cells were counted (s.d., 10∼15%). The scale bars represent 50 μm in c."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027
LC3: 440738///81631///84557"
Figure legend: "(c) MCF-7 cells were transfected with vector alone (C1), YFP-p27 (WT), or the siRNA-resistant constructs WT-R and T198A-R 24 h before RNA interference (RNAi). PARP cleavage was determined by western blotting and densitometric scanning. Data represent three independent experiments (mean ± s.d.)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027"
Figure legend: "(e) MCF-7 cells treated with or without LY294002 for 48 h following RNAi. p27 siRNA pool-1, siRNA1, 2 and 3; arrows, membrane blebbing; triangles, apoptotic bodies. The scale bar represents 50 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 1027"
Figure legend: "(c) Western blots of protein lysates from Hela cells transfected with either pCDNA3 or wild-type LKB1 cultured with or without glucose for 24 h."
NCBI gene IDs:
"LKB1: 6794"
Figure legend: "(A) FACS analysis of TUNEL positive p27+/+ and p27−/− cells treated with AICAR for 20 h. Data represent mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 12576"
Figure legend: "(B, C) Electron microscopy of p27+/+ (a, c and e) and p27−/− (b, d and f) MEFs treated with (c and d), or without (a and b) AICAR (1 mM), or without glucose (e and f) for 14 h. Magnified images of the boxed areas were shown on the left (a′, b′, c′, d′, e′ and f′) with arrowheads indicating autophagic vacuoles including autolysosomes (black arrowheads). The scale bars represent 10 μm in a-f and 0.5 μm in a′-f′. N, nucleus. Autophagic vacuoles were counted for three randomly selected cells from each electron microscopy section and data represent mean ± s.d. (C)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"p27: 12576"
Figure legend: "(E) Validation of the binding specificity for the Hippo WW domain-containing proteins. HEK293T cells were transfected with the indicated SFB-tagged constructs and subjected to the pulldown assay."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SFB: "
Figure legend: "(F) Validation of the binding specificity for the derived WW domains from the Hippo WW domain-containing proteins. HEK293T cells were transfected with the indicated SFB-tagged constructs and subjected to the pulldown assay."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SFB: "
Figure legend: "(C-G) Validation of the identified 9-amino acid sequence in determining the Hippo WW domain binding specificity. The requirement of the identified 9-amino acid sequence for AMOT association was respectively examined for TAZ (C), TAZ-WW domain (D), KIBRA (E), YAP (F) and SAV1 (G). HEK293T cells were transfected with the indicated SFB-tagged constructs and subjected to the pulldown assay."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SFB: "
Figure legend: "(C) The identified 9-amino acid sequence is required for the association between STXBP4 and AMOT. HEK293T cells were transfected with the indicated STXBP4 mutants and subjected to the pulldown assay."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(F) Loss of STXBP4 inhibits YAP phosphorylation and LATS activation. Western blotting was performed with the indicated antibodies."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "Loss of STXBP4 activates YAP. STXBP4 deficiency promotes YAP nuclear translocation (G)"
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "Loss of STXBP4 activates YAP. STXBP4 deficiency promotes YAP downstream gene transcription (mean ± s.d., n=3 biological replicates) (H). Scale bar, 20 μm.*** p &lt; 0.001 (Student's t-test)."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(I) WW domain is required for the STXBP4-mediated YAP cytoplasmic translocation. STXBP4 KO cells were transfected with the indicated STXBP4 constructs and immunofluorescent staining was performed. HA-positive cells (arrows) from ~30 different views (~200 cells in total) were randomly selected and quantified for YAP localization. Percentage of HA-positive cells with nuclear YAP enrichment is shown. Scale bar, 20 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(J) Loss of STXBP4 attenuates YAP phosphorylation as induced by actin cytoskeleton inhibition. The indicated cells were subjected to serum starvation (treatment with no-serum medium for 12 hours), glucose starvation (treatment with no-glucose medium for 6 hours) or actin inhibition (treatment with 0.5 μg/mL latrunculin B or 5 μM blebbistatin for 30 min). YAP phosphorylation was detected using phospho-tag gel, where the YAP phosphorylation level was indicated."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(C) STXBP4 promotes the association of α-catenin with AMOT and LATS1. HEK293T cells were transfected with the indicated SFB-tagged constructs and subjected to the pulldown assay."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SFB: 
STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(D) Loss of STXBP4 diminishes the association of α-catenin with AMOT, LATS1 and YAP. HEK293A and STXBP4 KO cells were transfected with the SFB-tagged α-catenin construct and subjected to the pulldown assay."
NCBI gene IDs:
"SFB: 
α-catenin: 29119///1496///1495
STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(E) STXBP4 induces the co-localization between α-catenin and AMOT as well as LATS1 and YAP. HEK293A cells were transfected with the indicated constructs and immunofluorescence was performed. Scale bar, 20 μm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "Identification of several STXBP4 missense mutations that disrupt its interaction with α-catenin and AMOT. The identified missense mutations respectively disrupted the STXBP4- α-catenin (G) and STXBP4-AMOT (H) complex formation."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(I) Inhibition of actin cytoskeleton promotes the STXBP4-associated protein complex formation. HEK293A and the STXBP4 KO cells were subjected to immunoprecipitation using pre-immune serum and anti-STXBP4 serum under the indicated treatments."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(J) The missense mutations of STXBP4 (F) diminished the ability of STXBP4 to rescue YAP phosphorylation in the STXBP4 KO cells with low actin cytoskeleton tension. YAP phosphorylation was detected using phospho-tag gel, where the YAP phosphorylation level was indicated."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "STXBP4 is downregulated in human kidney cancer. The mRNA level of STXBP4 is analyzed in the Firebrowse web database (A), where 14,729 tumor sample data generated by TCGA were included. The first quartile, median and third quartile values were indicated as the boxplots. Outliers were plotted as individual points. Error bars indicated the standard deviation above and below the mean of the data."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "STXBP4 is downregulated in human kidney cancer. The expression of STXBP4 was also examined using kidney tissue microarray, where percentage of the indicated tissue samples with downregulated STXBP4 was shown (B). The p value was calculated by using the paired Student's t-test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(C) Kaplan-Meier curves of overall survival of patients with ccRCC is stratified by STXBP4 expression level. Clinical data of STXBP4 were analyzed in TCGA-KIRC project containing total 611 patient samples. The p value was calculated by using the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test."
NCBI gene IDs:
"STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: "(G and H) Both the association with α-catenin and the functional WW domain are required for the STXBP4's tumor suppressive function in 786-O cells. Overexpression of STXBP4, but not the indicated STXBP4 missense mutants, significantly suppressed the 786-O cell xenograft tumor formation. Xenograft tumors are shown in (G), and the tumor weight is quantified in (H) (n = 5 mice, mean ± s.d.). ** p &lt; 0.01 (Student's t-test). Scale bar, 1 cm."
NCBI gene IDs:
"α-catenin: 1495///1496///29119
STXBP4: 252983"
Figure legend: " A TUNEL assay comparing apoptotic cells in Miwi+/- and Miwi-/- testis during diakinesis. Blue, DAPI; Green, TUNEL labeling. Asterisk indicates TUNEL-positive stained cells in the meiotic metaphase stage. Scale bars, 10 μm. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " B, C Meiotic metaphase I plate in FACS-sorted Miwi heterozygous (B) and knockout (C) spermatocytes. Green: phospho-histone H3; red: α/β-tubulin. Asterisk indicates misaligned chromosome. Scale bars, 10 μm. D Frequency of abnormal arrangement in the meiotic metaphase I plate. White, Miwi heterozygous; Light gray, Miwi knockout. Three mice were used for each genotype, total numbers of counted metaphase I plate in Miwi heterozygous and knockout are 113 and 181, respectively. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " E, F Meiotic metaphase II spread preparations of Miwi heterozygous (E) and knockout (F) spermatocytes. Scale bars, 5 μm. G Frequency of meiotic metaphase II (MII) cells with chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome counts were defined as the number of paired sister chromatids per MII metaphase cell. The frequency was calculated as the number of cells with given pairs of sister chromatids (20, &lt;20, or &gt;20) divided by the total number of cells. Three mice were used for each genotype, total numbers of counted MII cells in Miwi heterozygous and knockout are 204 and 302, respectively. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " H, I Meiotic metaphase I spread preparations of Miwi heterozygous (H) and knockout (I) spermatocytes. Scale bars, 5 μm. J Frequency of meiotic metaphase I (MI) cells with chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome counts were defined as the number of paired homologous chromosomes per MI metaphase cells. The frequency was calculated in the same way as in (G), except for that the number of paired chromosomes was counted instead. Three mice were used for each genotype, total numbers of counted MI cells in Miwi heterozygous and knockout are 265 and 358, respectively. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: "K, L Mitotic metaphase spread preparations of Miwi heterozygous (K) and knockout (L) testes. Scale bars, 5 μm. M Frequency of mitotic metaphase cells with chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome counts were defined as the number of chromosomes per mitotic metaphase cell. Three mice were used for each genotype, total numbers of counted mitotic metaphase cells in Miwi heterozygous and knockout are 52 and 71, respectively. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " A Equal amounts of total RNA isolated from Miwi knockout (-/-), heterozygote (+/-) and slicer activity-deficient mutant (-/ADH) spermatocytes, were resolved on a 1% agarose gel. The gel was subjected to northern blot analysis using probes specific for the sense (S) and antisense (As) strands of major (Maj) and minor (Min) satellite RNA transcripts. The blot was re-hybridized with a 28S-complementary probe to demonstrate equal loading (bottom on the left). The relative abundance was quantified using ImageJ software, normalized to the 28S signal from the blot. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " B 100ng of total RNA was isolated from Miwi heterozygous (+/-), knockout (-/-) and slicer activity-deficient mutant (-/ADH) spermatocytes and was subjected to qRT-PCR with primers specific to major satellite RNA, minor satellite RNA, 5S, 5.8S and Gapdh. Data were normalized to 5S rRNA. 5.8S rRNA and Gapdh were used as negative controls."
NCBI gene IDs:
"Gapdh: 14433
Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: "Sertoli-spermatogenic cell co-cultures were transfected with vectors ectopically expressing both strands of major satellite RNA (Maj, dark gray bar), both strands of minor satellite RNA (Min, black bar), full-length 18S (18S, light gray bar) or empty vector (Ctrl, white bar). Total RNA isolated from equal numbers of FACS-sorted MIWI-expressing spermatocytes were subjected to qRT-PCR with primers specific to major satellite RNA (C), minor satellite RNA (D), 18S (E)"
NCBI gene IDs:
"MIWI: 57746"
Figure legend: " Sertoli-spermatogenic cell co-cultures were transfected with vectors ectopically expressing both strands of major satellite RNA (Maj, dark gray bar), both strands of minor satellite RNA (Min, black bar), full-length 18S (18S, light gray bar) or empty vector (Ctrl, white bar). Total RNA isolated from equal numbers of FACS-sorted MIWI-expressing spermatocytes were subjected to qRT-PCR with primers specific to 5.8S (F) and Gapdh (G). Data presented were normalized to 5S rRNA. 5.8S rRNA (F) and Gapdh (G) were used as negative controls. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Gapdh: 14433
MIWI: 57746"
Figure legend: " I Frequency of mis-arrangement of the meiotic metaphase I plate in Sertoli-spermatogenic cell cocultures using Miwi+/-;Stra8-Cre testes. Spermatocytes transfected with vectors expressing both strands of major satellite RNA (Maj, dark gray), both strands of minor satellite RNA (Min, black), full-length 18S (18S, light gray) or empty vector (Ctrl, white). n=3 cultures for each group. The total numbers of counted meiotic metaphase plate in Ctrl, 18S, Maj and Min were 153, 144, 130 and 141, respectively. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Cre: 2777477
Miwi: 57746
Stra8: 20899"
Figure legend: " J Combined RNA-DNA FISH analysis of major satellite transcripts and DNA regions in Miwi heterozygote (Miwi+/-) and knockout (Miwi-/-) diakinesis spermatocytes. Sense major satellite RNA transcripts were first detected using an antisense probe (red signal), and then the major satellite DNA region was further detected using a sense probe (green signal). For RNase A treatment, the slides were incubated with (+RNase A) or without (-RNase A) 100 μg/ml RNase A for 1 hour before adding antisense probe. Nuclear DNA was stained by DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate the same pericentric heterochromatin in each channel per cell. Scale bars represent 2 µm. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " A Combined immunofluorescence and DNA FISH analysis of the kinetochore inner plate/centromere formation in Miwi heterozygous (Miwi+/-) and knockout (Miwi-/-) spermatocytes at diakinesis/metaphase I. For slicer activity-deficient mutant spermatocytes (Miwi-/ADH), the images are presented in Fig EV1A. Chromosomes were stained with anti-centromere protein antibody (CREST, purple signal), indicating the kinetochore inner plate/centromere. Major satellite DNA regions were detected using an antisense probe (red signal) which revealed the specific localization of pericentromeres in chromosomes. Nuclear DNA was stained by DAPI (blue). Scale bars represent 2 µm. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"
Figure legend: " B Left panel: illustration of kinetochore configurations in meiotic metaphase I. The kinetochores of sister chromatids cohere to form a single microtubule-binding interface. The inner-outer kinetochore axis connects the pericentric chromatin to the spindle microtubule. CREST (centromere protein) and BUBR1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1) served as markers for the inner and outer regions of the kinetochore, respectively. A major satellite DNA (Maj sat DNA) probe was used to detect the pericentric chromatin. Right panel: categories of inner kinetochore configurations from A. Right panels: Inner kinetochore configurations in MI were classified as overlapping (two sister kinetochores which overlap by more than their individual radii, also see yellow arrow in A), adjacent (two sister kinetochores which overlap by less than 100% of their individual radii, also see magenta arrow in A) or separated (two sister kinetochores without overlapping, also see light blue arrow in A) kinetochores. The scale bar represents 1 µm. C Population of overlapping, adjacent, and separated inner kinetochores shown in B. The results represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. n=3 mice for each genotype. The total numbers of counted cells in Miwi+/-, Miwi-/- and Miwi-/ADH spermatocytes were 88, 118 and 125, respectively. The total numbers of counted sister kinetochore pairs in Miwi+/-, Miwi-/- and Miwi-/ADH spermatocytes were 3,520, 4,720 and 5,000, respectively. "
NCBI gene IDs:
"Miwi: 57746"