Original: The secret British Colossus computers (1943)B. Jack Copeland, ed., Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers, Oxford University Press, 2006, which had limited programmability but demonstrated that a device using thousands of tubes could be reasonably reliable and electronically reprogrammable.
Simplified: The secret British Colossus computers (1943),B. Jack Copeland, ed., Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers, Oxford University Press, 2006 which had limited programmability but demonstrated that a device using thousands of tubes could be reasonably reliable and electronically reprogrammable.