Claim: The so-called Gestalt qualities were based on earlier scientific experiments.
Evidence: Gestalt qualities (Gestaltqualitäten in German) were introduced by the Austrian philosopher Christian von Ehrenfels (1859–1932). It is responsible for the word "Gestalt" having acquired citizenship in the English language; and even the term "Ehrenfels qualities" is encountered here and there in American psychological literature as a term designating Gestalt properties. The qualities were based on tests done by flashing lights for certain amounts of time. This discovery later led to the famous Gestalt effect discovered by Max Wertheimer.