CVE-2023-52900
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nilfs2: fix general protection fault in nilfs_btree_insert()

If nilfs2 reads a corrupted disk image and tries to reads a b-tree node
block by calling __nilfs_btree_get_block() against an invalid virtual
block address, it returns -ENOENT because conversion of the virtual block
address to a disk block address fails.  However, this return value is the
same as the internal code that b-tree lookup routines return to indicate
that the block being searched does not exist, so functions that operate on
that b-tree may misbehave.

When nilfs_btree_insert() receives this spurious 'not found' code from
nilfs_btree_do_lookup(), it misunderstands that the 'not found' check was
successful and continues the insert operation using incomplete lookup path
data, causing the following crash:

 general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address
 0xdffffc0000000005: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
 KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000028-0x000000000000002f]
 ...
 RIP: 0010:nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node fs/nilfs2/btree.c:418 [inline]
 RIP: 0010:nilfs_btree_prepare_insert fs/nilfs2/btree.c:1077 [inline]
 RIP: 0010:nilfs_btree_insert+0x6d3/0x1c10 fs/nilfs2/btree.c:1238
 Code: bc 24 80 00 00 00 4c 89 f8 48 c1 e8 03 42 80 3c 28 00 74 08 4c 89
 ff e8 4b 02 92 fe 4d 8b 3f 49 83 c7 28 4c 89 f8 48 c1 e8 03 <42> 80 3c
 28 00 74 08 4c 89 ff e8 2e 02 92 fe 4d 8b 3f 49 83 c7 02
 ...
 Call Trace:
 <TASK>
  nilfs_bmap_do_insert fs/nilfs2/bmap.c:121 [inline]
  nilfs_bmap_insert+0x20d/0x360 fs/nilfs2/bmap.c:147
  nilfs_get_block+0x414/0x8d0 fs/nilfs2/inode.c:101
  __block_write_begin_int+0x54c/0x1a80 fs/buffer.c:1991
  __block_write_begin fs/buffer.c:2041 [inline]
  block_write_begin+0x93/0x1e0 fs/buffer.c:2102
  nilfs_write_begin+0x9c/0x110 fs/nilfs2/inode.c:261
  generic_perform_write+0x2e4/0x5e0 mm/filemap.c:3772
  __generic_file_write_iter+0x176/0x400 mm/filemap.c:3900
  generic_file_write_iter+0xab/0x310 mm/filemap.c:3932
  call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2186 [inline]
  new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:491 [inline]
  vfs_write+0x7dc/0xc50 fs/read_write.c:584
  ksys_write+0x177/0x2a0 fs/read_write.c:637
  do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
  do_syscall_64+0x3d/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
 ...
 </TASK>

This patch fixes the root cause of this problem by replacing the error
code that __nilfs_btree_get_block() returns on block address conversion
failure from -ENOENT to another internal code -EINVAL which means that the
b-tree metadata is corrupted.

By returning -EINVAL, it propagates without glitches, and for all relevant
b-tree operations, functions in the upper bmap layer output an error
message indicating corrupted b-tree metadata via
nilfs_bmap_convert_error(), and code -EIO will be eventually returned as
it should be.
CVSS v3.1 Score: 5.5 (MEDIUM)
CVSS v3.1 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Affected Products: linux_kernel
References: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0bf463939c09e5b2c35c71ed74a5fd60a74d6a04, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c2a2ff67d46106715c2132021b98bd057c27545, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45627a1a6450662e1e0f8174ef07b05710a20062