Druvith/medqa1 huggingface dataset:
Question:  What is (are) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance ?
Answer: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a condition in which an abnormal protein called monoclonal protein is detected in the blood. MGUS typically does not cause any problems, although some affected people may experience numbness, tingling or weakness. In some cases, MGUS may progress over time to certain forms of blood cancer (such as multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, or B-cell lymphoma). MGUS is thought to be a multifactorial condition that is likely associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors. People with MGUS are usually monitored closely to ensure that the levels of monoclonal protein do not rise and other problems do not develop. Those with stable levels of monoclonal protein typically do not require treatment.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Auriculo-condylar syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Auriculo-condylar syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Auriculo-condylar syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Narrow mouth 52% Glossoptosis 46% Stenosis of the external auditory canal 30% Anterior open-bite malocclusion - Apnea - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Chewing difficulties - Cleft at the superior portion of the pinna - Cleft palate - Cupped ear - Dental crowding - Dental malocclusion - Hypoplastic superior helix - Low-set ears - Macrocephaly - Mandibular condyle aplasia - Mandibular condyle hypoplasia - Overfolding of the superior helices - Postauricular skin tag - Posteriorly rotated ears - Preauricular skin tag - Round face - Speech articulation difficulties - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Cockayne syndrome ?
Answer: Cockayne syndrome is a rare condition which causes short stature, premature aging (progeria), severe photosensitivity, and moderate to severe learning delay. This syndrome also includes failure to thrive in the newborn, microcephaly, and impaired nervous system development. Other symptoms may include hearing loss, tooth decay, and eye and bone abnormalities.  Cockayne syndrome type 1 (type A) is sometimes called classic or "moderate" Cockayne syndrome and is diagnosed during early childhood. Cockayne syndrome type 2 (type B) is sometimes referred to as the severe or "early-onset" type. This more severe form presents with growth and developmental abnormalities at birth. The third type, Cockayne syndrome type 3 (type C) is a milder form of the disorder. Cockayne syndrome is caused by mutations in either the ERCC8 (CSA) or ERCC6 (CSB) genes and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The typical lifespan for individuals with Cockayne syndrome type 1 is ten to twenty years. Individuals with type 2 usually do not survive past childhood. Those with type 3 live into middle adulthood.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Cockayne syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Cockayne syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Cockayne syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal blistering of the skin 90% Abnormality of the nose 90% Carious teeth 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Cutaneous photosensitivity 90% Deeply set eye 90% Hyperreflexia 90% Hypertonia 90% Incoordination 90% Macrotia 90% Microcephaly 90% Peripheral neuropathy 90% Prematurely aged appearance 90% Retinopathy 90% Sensorineural hearing impairment 90% Short stature 90% Abnormal hair quantity 50% Abnormality of the foot 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the skin 50% Atypical scarring of skin 50% Cerebral calcification 50% Cerebral cortical atrophy 50% Chorioretinal abnormality 50% Decreased nerve conduction velocity 50% Dental malocclusion 50% Disproportionate tall stature 50% EEG abnormality 50% Fine hair 50% Generalized hyperpigmentation 50% Hypertension 50% Kyphosis 50% Large hands 50% Limitation of joint mobility 50% Strabismus 50% Tremor 50% Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology 7.5% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 7.5% Abnormality of the palate 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the eye 7.5% Breast aplasia 7.5% Cataract 7.5% Cryptorchidism 7.5% Delayed eruption of teeth 7.5% Glomerulopathy 7.5% Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 7.5% Nephrotic syndrome 7.5% Optic atrophy 7.5% Oral cleft 7.5% Platyspondyly 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Telangiectasia of the skin 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Panuveitis 5% Abnormality of the mouth - Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis - Circulating immune complexes - Elevated serum creatinine - Glomerulonephritis - Non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomatosis - Reversible renal failure - Sporadic - Uveitis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Adrenogenital syndrome - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - Hypospadias - Renal salt wasting - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4B ?
Answer: Autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4B is a form of adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, which is a rare condition that affects the nervous system. Signs and symptoms usually begin around age 30, but they can develop anytime between adolescence and late adulthood. Affected people generally experience behavioral abnormalities, dementia; difficulties with muscle coordination (ataxia); and involuntary movements such as tremors or tics. It can be caused by changes (mutations) in the DNAJC5 or CTSF gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Treatment options are limited to therapies that can help relieve some of the symptoms.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4B ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4B? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 4B. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Adult onset - Ataxia - Auditory hallucinations - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Curvilinear intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material - Dementia - Depression - Fingerprint intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material - Granular osmiophilic deposits (GROD) in cells - Increased neuronal autofluorescent lipopigment - Myoclonus - Parkinsonism - Rapidly progressive - Rectilinear intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material - Seizures - Visual hallucinations - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder ?
Answer: Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder is a form of peripheral neuropathy characterized by skin redness and warmth (flushing) and attacks of severe pain in various parts of the body. Early in life, the pain is often concentrated in the lower part of the body and may be triggered by a bowel movement. As a person ages, the location of the pain may change, with attacks affecting the head and face. Triggers of these pain attacks include changes in temperature, emotional distress or eating spicy foods and drinking cold beverages. Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder is caused by mutations  in the SCN9A gene. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Treatment may include medications used to manage chronic neuropathic pain (anticonvulsants) such as the sodium channel blocker carbamazepine.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Constipation 50% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Bradycardia - Impaired pain sensation - Lacrimation abnormality - Mandibular pain - Neonatal onset - Ocular pain - Tachycardia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Anonychia congenita ?
Answer: Anonychia congenita is an extremely rare nail disorder characterized by the complete absence (anonychia) or abnormally developed  fingernails and toenails. Affected individuals usually do not have hair, teeth, or bone abnormalities. Signs and symptoms are variable, even among affected members of the same family. Less than 20 individuals with anonychia congenita have been identified. This condition is thought to be caused by mutations in the RSPO4 gene and inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Anonychia congenita ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Anonychia congenita? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Anonychia congenita. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Anonychia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the treatments for Anonychia congenita ?
Answer: How might anonychia congenita be treated? There is limited information regarding anonychia congenita because it is very rare.  After a careful review of the medical literature, we did not find any information about treatment for this condition.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Microcephaly cervical spine fusion anomalies ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Microcephaly cervical spine fusion anomalies? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Microcephaly cervical spine fusion anomalies. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the ribs 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Convex nasal ridge 90% Hyperlordosis 90% Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone 90% Kyphosis 90% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 90% Malar prominence 90% Microcephaly 90% Pectus excavatum 90% Proptosis 90% Short stature 90% Sloping forehead 90% Vertebral segmentation defect 90% Abnormality of dental morphology 50% Abnormality of the clavicle 50% Abnormality of the hip bone 50% Abnormality of the ureter 50% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 50% Hyperreflexia 50% Neurological speech impairment 50% Ptosis 50% Short neck 50% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Intellectual disability - Spinal cord compression - Spinal instability - Vertebral fusion - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Genochondromatosis ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Genochondromatosis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Genochondromatosis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the clavicle 90% Abnormality of the knees 90% Multiple enchondromatosis 90% Abnormality of the skeletal system - Autosomal dominant inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Camurati Engelmann disease, type 2 ?
Answer: Camurati-Engelmann disease is a genetic condition that mainly affects the bones. People with this disease have increased bone density, particularly affecting the long bones of the arms and legs. In some cases, the skull and hip bones are also affected. The thickened bones can lead to pain in the arms and legs, a waddling walk, muscle weakness, and extreme tiredness. The age at which affected individuals first experience symptoms varies greatly; however, most people with this condition develop pain or weakness by adolescence. Camurati-Engelmann disease is caused by a mutation in the TGFB1 gene which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. In some instances, people have the gene mutation that causes Camurati-Engelmann disease but never develop the characteristic features of this condition. In others, features are present, but a mutation cannot be identified. These cases are referred to as Camurati-Engelmann disease type II.  Treatment for Camurati-Engelman disease depends on many factors including the signs and symptoms present in each person and the severity of the condition.