Druvith/medqa1 huggingface dataset:
Question:  What are the symptoms of Gray platelet syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Gray platelet syndrome? Signs and symptoms usually appear at birth or in early childhood and include low platelet counts, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding, and nose bleeds. Affected individuals often have myelofibrosis and splenomegaly. Bleeding tendency is usually mild to moderate in those with mild thrombocytopenia. However, the thrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis are usually progressive in nature. GPS may result in fatal hemorrhage (bleeding), especially in adulthood when platelet counts are further decreased. Female patients may develop heavy menstrual bleeding. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Gray platelet syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of coagulation 90% Bruising susceptibility 90% Thrombocytopenia 90% Abnormality of the menstrual cycle 50% Epistaxis 50% Myelodysplasia 50% Splenomegaly 50% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Impaired collagen-induced platelet aggregation - Impaired thrombin-induced platelet aggregation - Menorrhagia - Myelofibrosis - Progressive - Prolonged bleeding time - Reduced quantity of Von Willebrand factor - Reduced von Willebrand factor activity - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the treatments for Gray platelet syndrome ?
Answer: How might gray platelet syndrome (GPS) be treated? There is no specific treatment for GPS, but management involves anticipating and preventing risks of bleeding (e.g. possible platelet transfusions before surgery). Treatment may also include administration of desmopressin. Splenectomy should be considered to increase the platelet counts in those whose platelet counts decrease to approximately 30,000/microliter. Prognosis is generally good early in life when thrombocytopenia is mild. Those with platelets counts less than 30,000/microliter are at risk for life-threatening bleeding.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Episodic ataxia with nystagmus ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Episodic ataxia with nystagmus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Episodic ataxia with nystagmus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Cerebellar vermis atrophy - Diplopia - Downbeat nystagmus - Dysarthria - Dystonia - Episodic ataxia - Gaze-evoked nystagmus - Incomplete penetrance - Migraine - Muscle weakness - Myotonia - Paresthesia - Progressive cerebellar ataxia - Saccadic smooth pursuit - Tinnitus - Vertigo - Vestibular dysfunction - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Pterygium of the conjunctiva and cornea ?
Answer: Pterygium of the conjunctiva and cornea is a benign (non-cancerous) pink lesion that grows from the conjunctiva onto the cornea. They typically start from on the inner surface of the eye, and grow toward the the pupil. Long term exposure to ultraviolet light has been associated with causing this condition. Depending on the size of the pterygium, a person can experience vision problems. Surgical removal of the pterygium is often not needed unless it is causing irritation or vision loss.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Pterygium of the conjunctiva and cornea ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pterygium of the conjunctiva and cornea? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pterygium of the conjunctiva and cornea. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Opacification of the corneal stroma 50% Abnormality of the conjunctiva - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Pterygium - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Pearson syndrome ?
Answer: Pearson syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by transfusion-dependent sideroblastic anemia and pancreatic dysfunction resulting in in malabsorption and chronic diarrhea. The features of this progressive disorder may change over time. Individuals who survive beyond infancy often develop the symptoms of Kearns-Sayre syndrome or Leigh syndrome. Pearson syndrome is caused by deletions in mitochondrial DNA. Inheritance is usually sporadic.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Pearson syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pearson syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pearson syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of skin pigmentation 90% Abnormality of the heme biosynthetic pathway 90% Anemia 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Malabsorption 90% Muscular hypotonia 90% Reduced bone mineral density 90% Type I diabetes mellitus 90% 3-Methylglutaric aciduria - Complex organic aciduria - Failure to thrive - Lactic acidosis - Metabolic acidosis - Mitochondrial inheritance - Pancreatic fibrosis - Refractory sideroblastic anemia - Renal Fanconi syndrome - Small for gestational age - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Brown-Sequard syndrome ?
Answer: Brown-Sequard syndrome is a rare neurological condition characterized by a lesion in the spinal cord. This condition results in weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparaplegia) and a loss of sensation  on the opposite side (hemianesthesia). Brown-Sequard syndrome may be caused by a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a puncture wound to the neck or back), obstructed blood vessel, or infectious or inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, or multiple sclerosis. Treatment and prognosis depends on the underlying cause of the condition.
Question:  What are the treatments for Brown-Sequard syndrome ?
Answer: How might Brown-Sequard syndrome be treated?
Question:  What are the symptoms of Nail dysplasia, isolated congenital ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Nail dysplasia, isolated congenital? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Nail dysplasia, isolated congenital. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Concave nail - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Pseudoprogeria syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pseudoprogeria syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pseudoprogeria syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the eyelashes 90% Abnormality of the teeth 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Convex nasal ridge 90% Freckling 90% Gait disturbance 90% Hypertonia 90% Microcephaly 90% Narrow nasal bridge 90% Neurological speech impairment 90% Prominent nasal bridge 90% Ptosis 90% Reduced bone mineral density 90% Scoliosis 90% Short philtrum 90% Thin skin 90% Abnormality of the nipple 50% Abnormality of the pinna 50% Delayed skeletal maturation 50% Glaucoma 50% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 50% Microcornea 50% Optic atrophy 50% Seizures 50% Short stature 50% Absent eyebrow 2/2 Absent eyelashes 2/2 Convex nasal ridge 2/2 Glaucoma 2/2 Microcephaly 2/2 Progressive spastic quadriplegia 2/2 Short nose 2/2 Encephalocele 1/2 Autosomal recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Neurofibromatosis ?
Answer: Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic condition that causes tumors to develop in the nervous system. There are three types of neurofibromatosis that are each associated with unique signs and symptoms: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) causes skin changes (cafe-au-lait spots, freckling in armpit and groin area); bone abnormalities; optic gliomas; and tumors on the nerve tissue or under the skin. Signs and symptoms are usually present at birth. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) causes acoustic neuromas; hearing loss; ringing in the ears; poor balance; brain and/or spinal tumors; and cataracts at a young age. It often starts in the teen years. Schwannomatosis causes schwannomas, pain, numbness, and weakness. It is the rarest type. All three types of NF are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. There is no cure for neurofibromatosis. Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and may include surgery to remove tumors, radiation therapy and/or medicines.
Question:  Is Neurofibromatosis inherited ?
Answer: Is neurofibromatosis inherited? Neurofibromatosis is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that to be affected, a person only needs a change (mutation) in one copy of the responsible gene in each cell. In some cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from an affected parent. Other cases may result from new (de novo) mutations in the gene. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. A person with neurofibromatosis has a 50% chance with each pregnancy of passing along the altered gene to his or her child.
Question:  What is (are) CHILD syndrome ?
Answer: CHILD syndrome, also known as congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects, is a genetic condition that is typically characterized by large patches of skin that are red and inflamed (erythroderma) and covered with flaky scales (ichthyosis) and limb underdevelopment or absence. The development of organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys may also be affected. Several cases in which milder signs and symptoms have been reported in the medical literature. The condition is caused by mutations in the NSDHL gene, a gene that provides instructions for the production of an enzyme involved in the making of cholesterol. CHILD syndrome is inherited in an X-linked dominant fashion and is almost exclusively found in females.
Question:  What are the symptoms of CHILD syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of CHILD syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for CHILD syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma 100% Stillbirth 99% Abnormality of bone mineral density 90% Abnormality of the ribs 90% Abnormality of the thyroid gland 90% Amniotic constriction ring 90% Aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle 90% Aplasia/hypoplasia of the extremities 90% Asymmetric growth 90% Atria septal defect 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Epiphyseal stippling 90% Flexion contracture 90% Hypoplastic left heart 90% Ichthyosis 90% Skin rash 90% Sprengel anomaly 90% Thin skin 90% Upper limb phocomelia 90% Abnormality of the nail 75% Hyperkeratosis 75% Parakeratosis 75% Cerebral cortical atrophy 50% Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology 7.5% Abnormality of epiphysis morphology 7.5% Abnormality of the adrenal glands 7.5% Abnormality of the cranial nerves 7.5% Abnormality of the fingernails 7.5% Abnormality of the heart valves 7.5% Alopecia 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lungs 7.5% Arteriovenous malformation 7.5% Cleft palate 7.5% Congenital hip dislocation 7.5% Dry skin 7.5% Elevated 8(9)-cholestenol 7.5% Elevated 8-dehydrocholesterol 7.5% Hearing impairment 7.5% Hypoplastic pelvis 7.5% Hypoplastic scapulae 7.5% Intrauterine growth retardation 7.5% Kyphosis 7.5% Myelomeningocele 7.5% Polycystic ovaries 7.5% Pulmonary hypoplasia 7.5% Renal hypoplasia/aplasia 7.5% Scoliosis 7.5% Short clavicles 7.5% Short ribs 7.5% Short stature 7.5% Ventricular septal defect 7.5% Vertebral hypoplasia 7.5% Adrenal hypoplasia 5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the central nervous system 5% Thyroid hypoplasia 5% Abnormality of the cardiac septa - Cleft upper lip - Heterogeneous - Hydronephrosis - Intellectual disability, mild - Mild intrauterine growth retardation - Single ventricle - Umbilical hernia - X-linked dominant inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis 90% Cerebral cortical atrophy 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Hypertonia 90% Microcephaly 90% Holoprosencephaly 50% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) IBIDS syndrome ?
Answer: Tay syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis (dry, fish-like scaly skin present at birth) and abnormal brittle hair (trichothiodystrophy).
Question:  What are the symptoms of IBIDS syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of IBIDS syndrome? The most common symptoms of Tay syndrome are brittle hair (trichothiodystrophy); dry, thickened, scaling skin (ichthyosis); photosensitivity (abnormal light sensitivity); abnormal nails; and multiple developmental defects. Other features include: low birth weight, short stature, mental retardation, delayed neuromuscular development and other central nervous system anomalies, dysplasia of nails, hypoplasia of subcutaneous fatty tissue, prematurely-aged facial appearance, hypogonadism, cataracts, osteosclerosis (abnormal increase in density and hardness of the bone), dysphonia, and increased susceptibility to infections. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for IBIDS syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the face - Abnormality of the thorax - Asthma - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Brittle hair - Cataract - Congenital nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma - Cutaneous photosensitivity - Flexion contracture - Fragile nails - Hypogonadism - IgG deficiency - Intellectual disability - Intestinal obstruction - Lack of subcutaneous fatty tissue - Microcephaly - Recurrent infections - Short stature - Small for gestational age - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  Is IBIDS syndrome inherited ?
Answer: What causes Tay syndrome? How is it inherited? Although Tay syndrome is known to be genetic, the gene(s) associated with the condition is(are) unknown. Tay syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern , which means two copies of the gene in each cell are altered (mutated). If both parents carry the gene for Tay syndrome, their children have a 25% chance of being affected with Tay syndrome. Additionally, each child has a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier, like their parents, and a 25% chance of being a non-carrier.