Druvith/medqa1 huggingface dataset:
Question:  What is (are) Osteoporosis ?
Answer: Consider talking to your doctor about being evaluated for osteoporosis if - you are a man or woman over age 50 or a postmenopausal woman and you break a bone  - you are a woman age 65 or older  - you are a woman younger than 65 and at high risk for fractures   - you have lost height, developed a stooped or hunched posture, or experienced sudden back pain with no apparent cause  - you have been taking glucocorticoid medications such as prednisone, cortisone, or dexamethasone for 2 months or longer or are taking other medications known to cause bone loss   - you have a chronic illness or are taking a medication that is known to cause bone loss   - you have anorexia nervosa or a history of this eating disorder.  - you are a premenopausal woman, not pregnant, and your menstrual periods have stopped, are irregular, or never started when you reached puberty.  you are a man or woman over age 50 or a postmenopausal woman and you break a bone you are a woman age 65 or older you are a woman younger than 65 and at high risk for fractures you have lost height, developed a stooped or hunched posture, or experienced sudden back pain with no apparent cause you have been taking glucocorticoid medications such as prednisone, cortisone, or dexamethasone for 2 months or longer or are taking other medications known to cause bone loss you have a chronic illness or are taking a medication that is known to cause bone loss you have anorexia nervosa or a history of this eating disorder. you are a premenopausal woman, not pregnant, and your menstrual periods have stopped, are irregular, or never started when you reached puberty.  Here is how to find an appropriate health care professional to treat osteoporosis.
Question:  How to diagnose Osteoporosis ?
Answer: Diagnosing osteoporosis involves several steps, starting with a physical exam and a careful medical history, blood and urine tests, and possibly a bone mineral density assessment. When recording information about your medical history, your doctor will ask questions to find out whether you have risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. The doctor may ask about -  any fractures you have had   -  your lifestyle (including diet, exercise habits, and whether you smoke)  - current or past health problems   - medications that could contribute to low bone mass and increased fracture risk  - your family history of osteoporosis and other diseases   - for women, your menstrual history.  any fractures you have had your lifestyle (including diet, exercise habits, and whether you smoke) current or past health problems medications that could contribute to low bone mass and increased fracture risk your family history of osteoporosis and other diseases for women, your menstrual history.
Question:  What are the treatments for Osteoporosis ?
Answer: A comprehensive osteoporosis treatment program includes a focus on proper nutrition, exercise, and safety issues to prevent falls that may result in fractures. In addition, your doctor may prescribe a medication to slow or stop bone loss, increase bone density, and reduce fracture risk. Nutrition.  The foods we eat contain a variety of vitamins, minerals, and other important nutrients that help keep our bodies healthy. All of these nutrients are needed in balanced proportion. In particular, calcium and vitamin D are needed for strong bones and for your heart, muscles, and nerves to function properly.   Exercise. Exercise is an important component of an osteoporosis prevention and treatment program. Exercise not only improves your bone health, but it increases muscle strength, coordination, and balance, and leads to better overall health. Although exercise is good for someone with osteoporosis, it should not put any sudden or excessive strain on your bones. As extra insurance against fractures, your doctor can recommend specific exercises to strengthen and support your back. Therapeutic medications.  Several medications are available for the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis, including: bisphosphonates; estrogen agonists/antagonists (also called selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMS); calcitonin; parathyroid hormone; estrogen therapy; hormone therapy; and a recently approved RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor. (Watch the video to learn how exercise helped a 70-year-old woman with osteoporosis. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)
Question:  What is (are) Osteoporosis ?
Answer: Millions of Americans are able to lead healthy, productive lives while living with osteoporosis. If you have been feeling symptoms of depressionsuch as loss of appetite, hopelessness, feeling useless and helpless, or having thoughts of suicidefor more than 2 weeks, consult a doctor, social worker, or therapist. Medications and counseling are available to fight depression.  Learn more about the emotional impact of osteoporosis.  Learn more about older adults and depression. (Watch the video to learn more about coping with osteoporosis. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)
Question:  What is (are) Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Urinary incontinence means a person leaks urine by accident. Urinary incontinence is a common bladder problem as people age. Women are more likely than men to leak urine. If this problem is happening to you, there is help. Urinary incontinence can often be controlled. Talk to your health care provider about what you can do. Types of Urinary Incontinence There are different types of urinary incontinence. - Stress urinary incontinence happens when urine leaks as pressure is put on the bladder, for example, during exercise, coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting heavy objects. Its the most common type of bladder control problem in younger and middle-age women. It may begin around the time of menopause. Stress urinary incontinence happens when urine leaks as pressure is put on the bladder, for example, during exercise, coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting heavy objects. Its the most common type of bladder control problem in younger and middle-age women. It may begin around the time of menopause. - Urgency urinary incontinence happens when people have a sudden need to urinate and arent able to hold their urine long enough to get to the toilet.  Urgency urinary incontinence happens when people have a sudden need to urinate and arent able to hold their urine long enough to get to the toilet. - Mixed urinary incontinence is a mix of stress and urgency urinary incontinence. You may leak urine with a laugh or sneeze at one time. At another time, you may leak urine because you have a sudden urge to urinate that you cannot control. Mixed urinary incontinence is a mix of stress and urgency urinary incontinence. You may leak urine with a laugh or sneeze at one time. At another time, you may leak urine because you have a sudden urge to urinate that you cannot control. - Overflow urinary incontinence happens when small amounts of urine leak from a bladder that is always full. A man can have trouble emptying his bladder if an enlarged prostate is blocking the urethra. Diabetes and spinal cord injury can also cause this type of urinary incontinence. Overflow urinary incontinence happens when small amounts of urine leak from a bladder that is always full. A man can have trouble emptying his bladder if an enlarged prostate is blocking the urethra. Diabetes and spinal cord injury can also cause this type of urinary incontinence. - Functional urinary incontinence occurs in many older people who have a problem getting to the toilet in time. They may not make it in time because of arthritis or other disorders that make it hard to move quickly. Functional urinary incontinence occurs in many older people who have a problem getting to the toilet in time. They may not make it in time because of arthritis or other disorders that make it hard to move quickly.
Question:  What causes Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Why Does Urine Leak? The body stores urine in the bladder, which is a hollow organ, much like a balloon. During urination, muscles in the bladder tighten to move urine into a tube called the urethra. At the same time, the muscles around the urethra relax and let the urine pass out of the body. When the muscles in and around the bladder dont work the way they should, urine can leak. Short Periods of Leaking Sometimes urinary incontinence happens for a little while. Short periods of leaking urine can happen because of - urinary tract infections   - constipation  - some medicines.  urinary tract infections constipation some medicines. Longer Periods of Leaking  When leaking urine lasts longer, it may be due to - weak bladder muscles  - weak pelvic floor muscles  - overactive bladder muscles  - damage to nerves that control the bladder from diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinsons disease  - blockage from an enlarged prostate in men  - diseases or conditions, such as arthritis, that may make it difficult to get to the bathroom in time  - pelvic organ prolapse, which is when pelvic organs (such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus) shift out of their normal place into the vagina. When pelvic organs are out of place, the bladder and urethra are not able to work normally, which may cause urine to leak. weak bladder muscles weak pelvic floor muscles overactive bladder muscles damage to nerves that control the bladder from diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinsons disease blockage from an enlarged prostate in men diseases or conditions, such as arthritis, that may make it difficult to get to the bathroom in time pelvic organ prolapse, which is when pelvic organs (such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus) shift out of their normal place into the vagina. When pelvic organs are out of place, the bladder and urethra are not able to work normally, which may cause urine to leak. (Watch the video to learn how aging affects the bladder. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)
Question:  How to diagnose Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: The first step in treating urinary incontinence is to see a health care provider. He or she will give you a physical exam and take your medical history. The provider will ask about your symptoms and the medicines you use. He or she will want to know if you have been sick recently or have had surgery. Your provider also may do a number of tests. These might include - urine tests  - tests that measure how well you empty your bladderusually by ultrasound. urine tests tests that measure how well you empty your bladderusually by ultrasound. In addition, your health care provider may ask you to keep a daily diary of when you urinate and when you leak urine. Your family provider may also send you to a urologist or urogynecologist, doctors who specialize in urinary tract problems Get tips on choosing a health care provider. (Watch the video above to learn more about what to expect when seeking care for a bladder problem. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)
Question:  What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Today, there are more treatments for urinary incontinence than ever before. The choice of treatment depends on the type of bladder control problem you have, how serious it is, and what best fits your lifestyle. As a general rule, the simplest and safest treatments should be tried first. Types of Treatments If lifestyle changes and bladder training dont help, your health care provider may suggest medical treatments. Medical treatments may include the following. - Medicines. If you have urgency urinary incontinence, your provider may prescribe a medicine to calm bladder muscles and nerves. These calming medicines help keep bladder muscles and nerves from making you urinate when youre not ready. Medicines for urgency urinary incontinence come as pills, liquid, creams, or patches. No medicines treat stress urinary incontinence. Medicines. If you have urgency urinary incontinence, your provider may prescribe a medicine to calm bladder muscles and nerves. These calming medicines help keep bladder muscles and nerves from making you urinate when youre not ready. Medicines for urgency urinary incontinence come as pills, liquid, creams, or patches. No medicines treat stress urinary incontinence. - Medical devices. Some women may be able to use a medical device to help prevent leaking. One medical device -- called a urethral insert -- blocks the urethra for a short time to prevent leaking when it is most likely to happen, such as during physical activity. Another device -- called a pessary -- is put in the vagina to help hold up the bladder if you have a prolapsed bladder or vagina (when the vagina or bladder has shifted out of place).  Medical devices. Some women may be able to use a medical device to help prevent leaking. One medical device -- called a urethral insert -- blocks the urethra for a short time to prevent leaking when it is most likely to happen, such as during physical activity. Another device -- called a pessary -- is put in the vagina to help hold up the bladder if you have a prolapsed bladder or vagina (when the vagina or bladder has shifted out of place). - Nerve stimulation. Nerve stimulation sends mild electric current to the nerves around the bladder that help control urination. Sometimes nerve stimulation can be done at home, by placing an electrode in the vagina or anus. Or, it may require minor surgery to place an electrode under the skin on the leg or lower back.  Nerve stimulation. Nerve stimulation sends mild electric current to the nerves around the bladder that help control urination. Sometimes nerve stimulation can be done at home, by placing an electrode in the vagina or anus. Or, it may require minor surgery to place an electrode under the skin on the leg or lower back. - Surgery. Sometimes surgery can help fix the cause of urinary incontinence. Surgery may give the bladder and urethra more support or help keep the urethra closed during coughing or sneezing.  Surgery. Sometimes surgery can help fix the cause of urinary incontinence. Surgery may give the bladder and urethra more support or help keep the urethra closed during coughing or sneezing.
Question:  What is (are) Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Urinary incontinence means a person leaks urine by accident. Urinary incontinence is a common bladder problem as people age. Women are more likely than men to leak urine. If this problem is happening to you, there is help. Urinary incontinence can often be controlled. Talk to your health care provider about what you can do. Learn about urinary incontinence in women. Learn about urinary incontinence in men.
Question:  What is (are) Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: There are different types of urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence happens when urine leaks as pressure is put on the bladder, for example, during exercise, coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting heavy objects. Its the most common type of bladder control problem in younger and middle-age women. It may begin around the time of menopause. Urgency urinary incontinence happens when people have a sudden need to urinate and arent able to hold their urine long enough to get to the toilet. Mixed urinary incontinence is a mix of stress and urgency urinary incontinence. You may leak urine with a laugh or sneeze at one time. At another time, you may leak urine because you have a sudden urge to urinate that you cannot control. Overflow urinary incontinence happens when small amounts of urine leak from a bladder that is always full. A man can have trouble emptying his bladder if an enlarged prostate is blocking the urethra. Diabetes and spinal cord injury can also cause this type of urinary incontinence. Functional urinary incontinence occurs in many older people who have a problem getting to the toilet in time. They may not make it in time because of arthritis or other disorders that make it hard to move quickly. Learn about urinary incontinence in men. Learn about urinary incontinence in women.
Question:  What causes Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Leaking urine can happen for many reasons. Sometimes urinary incontinence happens for a little while. Short periods of leaking urine can happen because of - urinary tract infections   - constipation   - some medicines.  urinary tract infections constipation some medicines. When leaking urine lasts longer, it may be due to - weak bladder muscles  - weak pelvic floor muscles  - overactive bladder muscles  - damage to nerves that control the bladder from diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinsons disease  - blockage from an enlarged prostate in men  - diseases or conditions, such as arthritis, that may make it difficult to get to the bathroom in time  - pelvic organ prolapse, which is when pelvic organs (such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus) shift out of their normal place into the vagina. When pelvic organs are out of place, the bladder and urethra are not able to work normally, which may cause urine to leak.  weak bladder muscles weak pelvic floor muscles overactive bladder muscles damage to nerves that control the bladder from diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinsons disease blockage from an enlarged prostate in men diseases or conditions, such as arthritis, that may make it difficult to get to the bathroom in time pelvic organ prolapse, which is when pelvic organs (such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus) shift out of their normal place into the vagina. When pelvic organs are out of place, the bladder and urethra are not able to work normally, which may cause urine to leak. Learn more about urinary incontinence in men.  Learn more about urinary incontinence in women.
Question:  How to diagnose Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: The first step in treating urinary incontinence is to see a health care provider. He or she will give you a physical exam and take your medical history. The provider will ask about your symptoms and the medicines you use. He or she will want to know if you have been sick recently or have had surgery. Your provider also may do a number of tests. These might include - urine tests  - tests that measure how well you empty your bladder, usually by ultrasound. urine tests tests that measure how well you empty your bladder, usually by ultrasound. In addition, your health care provider may ask you to keep a daily diary of when you urinate and when you leak urine. Your family provider may also send you to a urologist or urogynecologist, a doctor who specializes in urinary tract problems. Learn more about how urinary incontinence is diagnosed in  men and  women.
Question:  What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Today, there are more treatments for urinary incontinence than ever before. The choice of treatment depends on the type of bladder control problem you have, how serious it is, and what best fits your lifestyle. As a general rule, the simplest and safest treatments should be tried first. Treatment may include - bladder control training, such as pelvic floor muscle exercises and timed voiding  bladder control training, such as pelvic floor muscle exercises and timed voiding - lifestyle changes such as drinking the right amount of fluids, choosing water over other fluids, eating and drinking less caffeine, drinking less alcohol, limiting drinks before bedtime, keeping a healthy weight, and trying not to get constipated  lifestyle changes such as drinking the right amount of fluids, choosing water over other fluids, eating and drinking less caffeine, drinking less alcohol, limiting drinks before bedtime, keeping a healthy weight, and trying not to get constipated - medicines, medical devices, nerve stimulation, and surgery, if lifestyle changes and bladder training dont help.  medicines, medical devices, nerve stimulation, and surgery, if lifestyle changes and bladder training dont help. Learn more about how urinary incontinence is treated in men. Learn more about how urinary incontinence is treated in women.
Question:  What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence ?
Answer: Even after treatment, some people still leak urine from time to time. There are products that can help you cope with leaking urine. These products may make leaking urine bother you a little less. - Pads. You can wear disposable pads in your underwear to absorb urine when it leaks and keep your clothes from getting wet.  Pads. You can wear disposable pads in your underwear to absorb urine when it leaks and keep your clothes from getting wet. -  Adult diapers. If you leak large amounts of urine, you can wear an adult diaper to keep your clothes dry. You can choose disposable adult diapers, which you wear once and throw away. Or you can choose washable adult diapers, which you can reuse after washing.  Adult diapers. If you leak large amounts of urine, you can wear an adult diaper to keep your clothes dry. You can choose disposable adult diapers, which you wear once and throw away. Or you can choose washable adult diapers, which you can reuse after washing. - Protective underwear. Special kinds of underwear can help keep clothes from getting wet. Some kinds of underwear have a waterproof crotch with room for a pad or liner. Others use a waterproof fabric to keep your skin dry.  Protective underwear. Special kinds of underwear can help keep clothes from getting wet. Some kinds of underwear have a waterproof crotch with room for a pad or liner. Others use a waterproof fabric to keep your skin dry. - Furniture pads. Pads can be used to protect chairs and beds from leaking urine. Some pads should be used once and thrown away. Other cloth pads can be washed and reused.  Furniture pads. Pads can be used to protect chairs and beds from leaking urine. Some pads should be used once and thrown away. Other cloth pads can be washed and reused. -  Special skin cleaners and creams. Urine can bother the skin if it stays on the skin for a long time. Special skin cleaners and creams are available for people who leak urine. Skin cleaners and creams may help the skin around your urethra from becoming irritated. Creams can help keep urine away from your skin.  Special skin cleaners and creams. Urine can bother the skin if it stays on the skin for a long time. Special skin cleaners and creams are available for people who leak urine. Skin cleaners and creams may help the skin around your urethra from becoming irritated. Creams can help keep urine away from your skin. - Deodorizing pills. Deodorizing pills may make your urine smell less strongly. This way, if you do leak, it may be less noticeable. Ask your health care provider about deodorizing pills. Deodorizing pills. Deodorizing pills may make your urine smell less strongly. This way, if you do leak, it may be less noticeable. Ask your health care provider about deodorizing pills.