Druvith/medqa1 huggingface dataset:
Question:  What is (are) 22q13.3 deletion syndrome ?
Answer: 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, also known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome, is a chromosome abnormality caused by the loss (deletion) of a small piece of chromosome 22. The deletion occurs near the end of the long arm (or q arm) at a location designated as q13.3. The signs and symptoms of this condition vary widely from person to person. Common symptoms include low muscle tone (hypotonia), intellectual disability, delayed or absent speech, abnormal growth, tendency to overheat, large hands, and abnormal toenails. Affected individuals may have characteristic behaviors, such as mouthing or chewing on non-food items, decreased perception of pain, and autistic-like behaviors. The loss of a particular gene on chromosome 22, called the SHANK3 gene, is likely responsible for many of the signs and symptoms of 22q13.3 deletion syndrome. Additional genes within the deleted region probably contribute to the variable features of the syndrome.
Question:  What are the symptoms of 22q13.3 deletion syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of 22q13.3 deletion syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for 22q13.3 deletion syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the eyelashes 90% Accelerated skeletal maturation 90% Delayed speech and language development 90% Hypoplastic toenails 90% Impaired pain sensation 90% Large hands 90% Muscular hypotonia 90% Neonatal hypotonia 90% Neurological speech impairment 90% Tall stature 90% Autism 75% Bruxism 75% Hyperorality 75% Long eyelashes 75% Poor eye contact 75% Abnormal nasal morphology 50% Abnormality of immune system physiology 50% Behavioral abnormality 50% Broad-based gait 50% Bulbous nose 50% Deeply set eye 50% Dolichocephaly 50% Full cheeks 50% Heat intolerance 50% Hypohidrosis 50% Macrotia 50% Malar flattening 50% Palpebral edema 50% Pointed chin 50% Ptosis 50% Sacral dimple 50% Thick eyebrow 50% Unsteady gait 50% Wide nasal bridge 50% 2-3 toe syndactyly 33% Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 33% Dental malocclusion 33% Epicanthus 33% Episodic vomiting 33% Gastroesophageal reflux 33% High palate 33% Long philtrum 33% Lymphedema 33% Seizures 33% Strabismus 33% Aggressive behavior 25% Hearing impairment 20% Arachnoid cyst 15% Tongue thrusting 15% Cellulitis 10% Abnormality of the periventricular white matter 7.5% Abnormality of the teeth 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% Cerebral cortical atrophy 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Delayed CNS myelination 7.5% Macrocephaly 7.5% Obesity 7.5% Patent ductus arteriosus 7.5% Polycystic kidney dysplasia 7.5% Umbilical hernia 7.5% Ventricular septal defect 7.5% Ventriculomegaly 7.5% Vesicoureteral reflux 7.5% Cortical visual impairment 6% Microcephaly 1% Concave nasal ridge - Feeding difficulties - Generalized hypotonia - Hyporeflexia - Intellectual disability, moderate - Motor delay - Prominent supraorbital ridges - Protruding ear - Short chin - Sporadic - Toenail dysplasia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Cluttering ?
Answer: Cluttering is a disorder that affects the way a person speaks. It is characterized by a rapid speaking rate and inability to maintain normally expected sound, syllable, phrase, and pausing patterns while speaking. Other symptoms may include stuttering; language or phonological errors (problems organizing sounds); and attention deficits. The disorder seems to result from disorganized speech planning, talking too fast or in spurts, or simply being unsure of what one wants to say. Therapy generally focuses on the symptoms present in each individual and may include slowing the rate of speech and clearly producing speech sounds (articulating). Articulation and language problems are often reduced if the affected individual can achieve a slower rate of speech.
Question:  What is (are) Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria ?
Answer: Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA) is an inherited condition in which certain chemicals accumulate in the blood and urine of affected individuals. People with CMAMMA can have a wide variety of symptoms. Children with CMAMMA can suffer from developmental delays and a failure to gain weight and grow (failure to thrive). In those who were identified as adults, symptoms may include psychiatric features and neurological problems that can mimic Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Recently, researchers have found that mutations in the ACSF3 gene cause CMAMMA.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Dehydration - Diarrhea - Failure to thrive - Generalized clonic seizures - Ketoacidosis - Methylmalonic aciduria - Vomiting - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 5 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 5? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 5. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Microcephaly - Olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia - Seizures - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Retinal cone dystrophy 4 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Retinal cone dystrophy 4? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Retinal cone dystrophy 4. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Reduced amplitude of dark-adapted bright flash electroretinogram b-wave - Visual impairment - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Pyomyositis ?
Answer: Pyomyositis is rare bacterial infection of the skeletal muscle (the muscles used for movement). Signs and symptoms may include pain and tenderness of the affected muscle, fever, and abscess formation. If left untreated, the abscess may extend into the bone and joint or blood poisoning may occur. Approximately 90% of cases are caused by the bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. Risk factors for the condition include strenuous activity, muscle trauma, skin infections, infected insect bites, illicit drug injections, connective tissue disorders, and diabetes. Treatment generally includes surgical drainage of the abscess and antibiotics.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Pyomyositis ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pyomyositis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pyomyositis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of temperature regulation 90% Myalgia 90% Myositis 90% Recurrent cutaneous abscess formation 90% Leukocytosis 50% Weight loss 50% Renal insufficiency 7.5% Sepsis 7.5% Sudden cardiac death 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1 ?
Answer: Lattice corneal dystrophy is a type of stromal dystrophy. It is characterized by the build up of protein fibers (i.e., amyloid) in the stroma.  Symptoms may include corneal erosions, decreased vision, photosensitivity, and eye pain. Most cases of lattice dystrophy are caused by mutations in the TGFBI gene.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Lattice corneal dystrophy - Progressive visual loss - Recurrent corneal erosions - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Mowat-Wilson syndrome ?
Answer: Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects many systems of the body. The main features include moderate to severe intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and epilepsy. Other features may include Hirschsprung disease; heart (cardiac) defects; kidney (renal) abnormalities; genital abnormalities; eye abnormalities; and short stature. It is caused by a mutation or deletion in the ZEB2 gene, which usually occurs for the first time (sporadically) in affected people. Treatment typically focuses on the specific symptoms in each person.
Question:  What causes Mowat-Wilson syndrome ?
Answer: What causes Mowat-Wilson syndrome? Mowat-Wilson syndrome is caused by mutations in the ZEB2 (also known as ZFHX1B or SIP-1) gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the formation of many organs and tissues before birth. It is a transcription factor, which means that it attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of particular genes. Researchers believe that ZEB2 protein is involved in the development of tissues that give rise to the nervous system, digestive tract, facial features, heart, and other organs. Mowat-Wilson syndrome almost always results from the loss of one working copy of the ZEB2 gene in each cell. In some cases, the entire gene is deleted. In other cases, mutations within the gene lead to the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional version of the ZEB2 protein. A shortage of this protein disrupts the normal development of many organs and tissues, which causes the varied signs and symptoms of Mowat-Wilson syndrome.
Question:  Is Mowat-Wilson syndrome inherited ?
Answer: How is Mowat-Wilson inherited? Mowat-Wilson syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Most cases of Mowat-Wilson syndrome result from new (de novo) mutations in the gene that occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early embryonic development. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.
Question:  What is (are) Neuroblastoma ?
Answer: Neuroblastoma is a tumor that develops from a nerve in a child, usually before the age of 5.  It occurs in the abdomen near the adrenal glands, but it can also occur in other parts of the body.  It is considered an aggressive tumor because it often spreads to other parts of the body (metastasizes).  The symptoms of a neuroblastoma may include a lump in the abdomen, pain, diarrhea, or generally feeling unwell.  It affects one out of 100,000 children.  The exact cause of this tumor is not yet known.  Neuroblastoma may be diagnosed by physical examination; specific blood tests; imaging tests such as x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans; and a biopsy.  Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor within the body, as well as the childs age. Surgery is often the first step of treatment, and may be followed by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a stem cell transplant in more severe cases.
Question:  What are the symptoms of Neuroblastoma ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Neuroblastoma? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Neuroblastoma. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Neoplasm of the nervous system 90% Abdominal pain - Abnormality of the thorax - Anemia - Ataxia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Bone pain - Diarrhea - Elevated urinary dopamine - Elevated urinary homovanillic acid - Elevated urinary vanillylmandelic acid - Failure to thrive - Fever - Ganglioneuroblastoma - Ganglioneuroma - Heterogeneous - Horner syndrome - Hypertension - Incomplete penetrance - Myoclonus - Neuroblastoma - Opsoclonus - Skin nodule - Spinal cord compression - Sporadic - Weight loss - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What are the symptoms of SeSAME syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of SeSAME syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for SeSAME syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Short stature 7.5% Chronic axonal neuropathy 5% Peripheral hypomyelination 5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebellar atrophy - Delayed speech and language development - Dysdiadochokinesis - Enuresis - Hyperaldosteronism - Hypocalciuria - Hypokalemia - Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis - Hypomagnesemia - Increased circulating renin level - Infantile onset - Intellectual disability - Intention tremor - Muscular hypotonia - Polydipsia - Polyuria - Renal potassium wasting - Renal salt wasting - Renal sodium wasting - Salt craving - Seizures - Sensorineural hearing impairment - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:  What is (are) Congenital disorders of glycosylation ?
Answer: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that affect a process called glycosylation. Glycosylation is the complex process by which all human cells build long sugar chains that are attached to proteins, which are called glycoproteins. There are many steps involved in this process, and each step is triggered by a type of protein called an enzyme. Individuals with a CDG are missing one of the enzymes that is required for glycosylation. The type of CDG that a person has depends on which enzyme is missing. Currently, there are 19 identified types of CDG. CDG type IA is the most common form. The symptoms of CDG vary widely among affected individuals. Some people have severe developmental delay, failure to thrive, and multiple organ problems, while others have diarrhea, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), liver problems, and normal developmental potential.