Druvith/medqa huggingface dataset:
What are the symptoms of Wyburn Mason's syndrome ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Wyburn Mason's syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Wyburn Mason's syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the retinal vasculature 90% Abnormality of the skin 90% Aneurysm 90% Peripheral arteriovenous fistula 90% Cerebral palsy 50% Cognitive impairment 50% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 50% Migraine 50% Seizures 50% Visual impairment 50% Abnormality of eye movement 7.5% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 7.5% Behavioral abnormality 7.5% Hearing impairment 7.5% Intracranial hemorrhage 7.5% Meningitis 7.5% Nausea and vomiting 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Proptosis 7.5% Reduced consciousness/confusion 7.5% Tinnitus 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
What are the symptoms of Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined 4 ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined 4? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined 4. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Small sella turcica 5% Adrenal insufficiency - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Hypoglycemia - Hypothyroidism - Marked delay in bone age - Pituitary dwarfism - Severe postnatal growth retardation - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
What is (are) Adenylosuccinase deficiency ? 

Adenylosuccinase deficiency is a rare, inherited metabolic condition that results from a lack of the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase. Signs and symptoms vary greatly from person to person. In general, affected individuals may have a mix of neurological symptoms, which usually includes abnormalities with cognition and movement, autistic features, epilepsy, muscle wasting, and feeding problems. Although less common, abnormal physical features can include severe growth failure, small head, abnormally shaped head, strabismus, small nose with upturned nostrils, thin upper lip, and low set ears. Adenylosuccinase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ADSL gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.
What are the treatments for Adenylosuccinase deficiency ? 

How might adenylosuccinase deficiency be treated? At the current time, there are no effective therapies for the treatment of adenylosuccinase deficiency. Treatment is supportive based on the specific features.
What is (are) Pierson syndrome ? 

Pierson syndrome is a very rare condition that mainly affects the kidneys and eyes. Signs and symptoms include congenital nephrotic syndrome and distinct ocular (eye) abnormalities, including microcoria (small pupils that are not responsive to light). Most affected children have early-onset, chronic renal failure; neurodevelopmental problems; and blindness. Hypotonia (poor muscle tone) and movement disorders have also been reported. Pierson syndrome is caused by changes (mutations) in the LAMB2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The long-term outlook is poor; affected infants may not survive past the first weeks or months of life.
What are the symptoms of Pierson syndrome ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Pierson syndrome? The features and severity of Pierson syndrome can vary among affected people. Affected infants are usually born with serious and progressive kidney disease due to congenital nephrotic syndrome, although some do not have kidney failure until adulthood. Most require a renal transplant for end-stage kidney disease within the first decade of life. Ocular (eye) abnormalities are another common feature of Pierson syndrome. Most affected infants are born with abnormally small pupils (microcoria). Other ocular abnormalities may include cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachments, and blindness. Those that survive past infancy typically have neurological disabilities and developmental delays. Many children with Pierson syndrome don't achieve normal milestones such as sitting, standing, and talking. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pierson syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of movement 90% Cataract 90% EEG abnormality 90% Hematuria 90% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 90% Hypertension 90% Muscular hypotonia 90% Nephrotic syndrome 90% Nystagmus 90% Proteinuria 90% Hypoplasia of penis 50% Areflexia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Blindness - Diffuse mesangial sclerosis - Edema - Hypoplasia of the ciliary body - Hypoplasia of the iris - Hypoproteinemia - Neonatal onset - Posterior lenticonus - Stage 5 chronic kidney disease - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Is Pierson syndrome inherited ? 

How is Pierson syndrome inherited? Pierson syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that to be affected, a person must have a mutation in both copies of the responsible gene in each cell. Affected people inherit one mutated copy of the gene from each parent, who is referred to as a carrier. Carriers of an autosomal recessive condition typically do not have any signs or symptoms (they are unaffected). When 2 carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have children, each child has a: 25% (1 in 4) chance to be affected 50% (1 in 2) chance to be an unaffected carrier like each parent 25% chance to be unaffected and not be a carrier
How to diagnose Pierson syndrome ? 

Is genetic testing available for Pierson syndrome? Yes. The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests available for Pierson syndrome. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional. According to the GTR, genetic testing for Pierson syndrome may be available for diagnosis in a person suspected of having the condition, carrier testing, and prenatal testing.
What are the symptoms of Galactose epimerase deficiency ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Galactose epimerase deficiency? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Galactose epimerase deficiency. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Aminoaciduria 90% Cataract 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Feeding difficulties in infancy 90% Hepatomegaly 90% Muscular hypotonia 90% Nausea and vomiting 90% Splenomegaly 90% Weight loss 90% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Delayed gross motor development - Delayed speech and language development - Failure to thrive - Galactosuria - Hypergalactosemia - Intellectual disability - Jaundice - Sensorineural hearing impairment - Vomiting - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
What is (are) Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia ? 

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare condition in which cells called neuroendocrine cells spread and cluster in the small airways of the lungs. The majority of affected individuals are middled-aged women. Symptoms include shortness of breath and coughing. It is considered to be a precursor for pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Because so few cases have been reported in the medical literature, there is limited information on the prognosis and management of this condition.
What are the symptoms of Peptidic growth factors deficiency ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Peptidic growth factors deficiency? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Peptidic growth factors deficiency. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of skin pigmentation 90% Convex nasal ridge 90% Flexion contracture 90% Lack of skin elasticity 90% Limitation of joint mobility 90% Lipoatrophy 90% Narrow mouth 90% Palmoplantar keratoderma 90% Pectus excavatum 90% Pes planus 90% Weight loss 90% Abnormal hair quantity 50% Abnormality of limb bone morphology 50% Abnormality of lipid metabolism 50% Atherosclerosis 50% Chondrocalcinosis 50% Premature graying of hair 50% Reduced bone mineral density 50% Type I diabetes mellitus 50% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Dermal atrophy - Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus - Plantar hyperkeratosis - Reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue - Thin skin - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
What is (are) Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome ? 

Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is a congenital disorder that affects development of the limbs, head, and face. Findings might include an extra finger or toe (polydactyly), fusion of the skin between the fingers or toes (syndactyly), widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), and an abnormally large head size (macrocephaly).The features of this syndrome are highly variable, ranging from polydactyly and syndactyly of the upper and/or lower limbs to seizure, hydrocephalus , and intellectual disability. Progression of GCPS is dependent on severity. Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome is caused by mutations in the GLI3 gene. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Treatment is symptomatic.
What are the symptoms of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome? The symptoms of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) are highly variable, ranging from mild to severe. People with this condition typically have limb anomalies, which may include one or more extra fingers or toes (polydactyly), an abnormally wide thumb or big toe (hallux), and the skin between the fingers and toes may be fused (cutaneous syndactyly). This disorder is also characterized by widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), an abnormally large head size (macrocephaly), and a high, prominent forehead. Rarely, affected individuals may have more serious medical problems including seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) 1-3 toe syndactyly 90% Macrocephaly 90% Postaxial hand polydactyly 90% Preaxial foot polydactyly 90% Broad hallux 89% Wide nasal bridge 79% High forehead 70% Frontal bossing 58% Abnormality of the nose 50% Accelerated skeletal maturation 50% Finger syndactyly 50% Hypertelorism 50% Telecanthus 50% Toe syndactyly 50% 3-4 finger syndactyly 33% Broad hallux phalanx 33% Broad thumb 33% Abnormal heart morphology 7.5% Abnormality of muscle fibers 7.5% Agenesis of corpus callosum 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% Camptodactyly of toe 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 7.5% Craniosynostosis 7.5% Cryptorchidism 7.5% Delayed cranial suture closure 7.5% Hirsutism 7.5% Hydrocephalus 7.5% Hyperglycemia 7.5% Hypospadias 7.5% Inguinal hernia 7.5% Intellectual disability, mild 7.5% Joint contracture of the hand 7.5% Postaxial foot polydactyly 7.5% Preaxial hand polydactyly 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Umbilical hernia 7.5% Metopic synostosis 5% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Dolichocephaly - Trigonocephaly - Variable expressivity - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
What causes Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome ? 

What causes Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome? Mutations in the GLI3 gene cause Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS). The GLI3 gene provides instructions for making a protein that controls gene expression, which is a process that regulates whether genes are turned on or off in particular cells. By interacting with certain genes at specific times during development, the GLI3 protein plays a role in the normal shaping (patterning) of many organs and tissues before birth. Different genetic changes involving the GLI3 gene can cause GCPS. In some cases, the condition results from a chromosome abnormalitysuch as a large deletion or rearrangement of genetic materialin the region of chromosome 7 that contains the GLI3 gene. In other cases, a mutation in the GLI3 gene itself is responsible for the disorder. Each of these genetic changes prevents one copy of the gene in each cell from producing any functional protein. It remains unclear how a reduced amount of this protein disrupts early development and causes the characteristic features of GCPS.
Is Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome inherited ? 

How is Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome inherited? Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that to be affected, a person only needs a change (mutation) in one copy of the GLI3 gene in each cell. In some cases, an affected person inherits a gene mutation or chromosomal abnormality from one affected parent. Other cases occur in people with no history of the condition in their family. A person with GCPS syndrome has a 50% chance with each pregnancy of passing the altered gene to his or her child.
How to diagnose Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome ? 

Is genetic testing available for Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome? Yes. GLI3 is the only gene known to be associated with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS). Genetic testing is available to analyze the GLI3 gene for mutations. Mutations involving GLI3 can be identified in greater than 75% of people with GCPS. How is Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome diagnosed?  Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is diagnosed based on clinical findings and family history. Major findings of GCPS include: an abnormally large head size (macrocephaly) greater than the 97th percentile widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism) limb anomalies including extra fingers or toes (polydactyly) fused skin between the fingers and toes (cutaneous syndactyly) A diagnosis is established in a first degree relative of a known affected individual if that person has polydactyly with or without syndactyly or craniofacial features (macrocephaly, widely spaced eyes). A diagnosis is additionally established in a person who has features of GCPS and a mutation in the GLI3 gene.
What are the treatments for Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome ? 

How might Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome be treated? Treatment for Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is symptomatic. Treatment might include elective surgical repair of polydactyly. Evaluation and treatment of hydrocephalus might additionally occur if hydrocephalus is present.  Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. This fluid is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Excess CSF builds up when it cannot drain from the brain due to a blockage in a passage through which the fluid normally flows. This excess fluid causes an abnormal widening of spaces in the brain called ventricles; this can create harmful pressure on brain tissue. Treatment of hydrocephalus often includes surgical insertion of a shunt system-in which a catheters (tubes) are surgically placed behind both ears. A valve (fluid pump) is placed underneath the skin behind the ear and is connected to both catheters. When extra pressure builds up around the brain, the valve opens, and excess fluid drains through the catheter. This helps lower pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure).
What are the symptoms of Myelocerebellar disorder ? 

What are the signs and symptoms of Myelocerebellar disorder? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Myelocerebellar disorder. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum 90% Gait disturbance 90% Incoordination 90% Abnormality of macrophages 50% Abnormality of neutrophils 50% Acute leukemia 50% Anemia 50% Hyperreflexia 50% Neurological speech impairment 50% Nystagmus 50% Recurrent respiratory infections 50% Splenomegaly 50% Abnormality of thrombocytes 7.5% Decreased antibody level in blood 7.5% Microcephaly 7.5% Acute myelomonocytic leukemia - Ataxia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Cerebellar atrophy - Decreased nerve conduction velocity - Dysmetria - Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes - Hypoplastic anemia - Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs - Pancytopenia - Unsteady gait - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
What is (are) Sideroblastic anemia ? 

Sideroblastic anemia is a heterogeneous group of blood disorders characterized by an impaired ability of the bone marrow to produce normal red blood cells. The iron inside red blood cells is inadequately used to make hemoglobin, despite adequate or increased amounts of iron. Abnormal red blood cells called sideroblasts are found in the blood of people with these anemias. Sideroblastic anemias are classified as hereditary, acquired, and reversible.