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user: 3. 《好汉两个半》第二季中的语料分析论文 3.1. 违反得体准则产生的幽默 3.1.1. Allen， Charlie and Jake Were Watching TV TV commercial: Some side effects include headaches， blurred vision， and high blood pressure. Ask your doctor if it’s right for you. Jake: Dad? Allen: Yeah? Jake: Do you suffer from erectile dysfunction? Charlie: Well， Alan? Do you? Allen: Jake， wh... What do you know about erectile dysfunction? Jake: It’s something to do with your penis， right? Allen: Right. Jake: And they say one out of three guys gets it， and mine’s fine， so it’s gotta be one of you. Allen: I’m fine. Charlie: Not me， l... 在这段对话中，查理、艾伦和杰克正在看有关男性生殖器官保健的电视广告，杰克人小鬼大，随性问了一个不应该在公开场合讨论的话题，艾伦和查理感到既好笑又尴尬。作为家长，艾伦并没有急于打断他，而是以一种客观的方式引导杰克正确看待人体器官。作为男人，艾伦和查理都竭力否认自己存在类似的问题。杰克的直接发问，毫无策略可言，也正反映了小孩子天真无邪的本性，也引起了观众对他这一发问的捧腹大笑。 3.1.2. Berta: Here. This Is for You Allen: Thank you. And I didn’t get you anything. Berta: It’s your kid’s toilet seat. It’s obviously in his way， and I’m tired of cleaning it. Allen: Oh， come on， Berta. He’s 11. Berta: He’s a pig. Allen: I’ll talk to him. Berta: While you’re at it， you may wanna mention the half-eaten egg salad sandwiches in his toy chest， the dead marine life at the back of the close and the booger collection under the bed. Allen: I’ll do my best to address your concerns. Berta: Don’t condescend to me， Zippy. I’ll snap you like a butter bean. 在这段对话中，波塔因为杰克上厕所小便尿的到处都是而大发雷霆，向艾伦抱怨，并拒绝为杰克清理卫生间的卫生。艾伦向她解释，并答应跟自己儿子说一下这个问题，谁知波塔在气头上，觉得艾伦的态度不尊重她，所以威胁艾伦：“别用这种口气跟我说话，小心我把你像根豆芽菜一样拧断”。作为家里的女佣，波塔是没有权利和资格跟主人这样讲话的，但是正是因为违背了得体准则，幽默效果随之产生。 3.2. 违反慷慨准则产生的幽默 1) Charlie: Alan， most beautiful women are used to guys chasing after them. They expect it. However， if you hang back and stay cool， the women come to you. Well， not to you specifically， but you get the theory. 2) Charlie: Now... Now， listen， sweetheart. Sweetheart， no offense but since you’re dirt-poor and living with your brother. One must ask， what kind of woman would agree to marry you? Unless she’s a little slow， or looking for a green card. 查理作为哥哥虽然内心是真心的爱护自己的弟弟艾伦，但是从他嘴里说出的话总是非常的尖酸刻薄，让艾伦倍受打击。在1) 中，查理在传授艾伦他的恋爱葵花宝典：大多数女孩都会等着男的去追求她们，但如果某个男人矜持点冷静点，女孩就会给你自动送上门。说完之后，查理特意强调他说的这套理论不适用艾伦，暗指艾伦不具备一个男人的魅力。在2) 中，艾伦想要与一个刚刚认识不久的女人结婚，查理知道后非常生气，于是告诫艾伦像他这样一个你又脏又穷，还和哥哥一起住的男人，没有正常的女人是想嫁给艾伦的，如果有，要么那个女人脑子有问题，要么想在美国拿绿卡。从查理的这段言论，可以看出他完全是站在自己的立场进行劝慰和指导，这种利己而损人的做法一方面可以感受到查理对这个弟弟很看不上，另一方面观众也为这对兄弟的关系感到哭笑不得。 3.3. 违反赞扬准则产生的幽默 Charlie: Come on， open her up. Allen: The first 1000 miles is the break-in period. You’re not supposed to go over 65. Charlie: Well， then go 65. Allen: The speed limit is 60. You want me to get a ticket? Charlie: Alan， you’re driving an expensive red sports car. If you're not getting tickets and tail， you might as well take the bus. Which， by the way， just passed us. 艾伦向自己的妈妈借钱买了一辆保时捷，他邀请查理一起兜风，查理建议他加足马力，这样才能尽情感受跑车带来的速度感。艾伦做事一向按规则行事，坚持不超速驾车。查理没有褒奖他安全驾车，反而嘲笑他开车速度连公交车都赶不上，引起观众发笑。 3.4. 违反谦逊准则产生的幽默 Allen: Forget it. You’re asking too much. Charlie: Oh， really? Was it too much when you showed up on my doorstep， looking for a place? Too much when I took in your son on weekends and holidays? Too much when I set up a college fund for Jake? Allen: I can’t believe you would sink so low to actually use emotional and financial blackmail me. 查理的生意伙伴兼上司是一个同性恋，查理为了融入他的圈子，假装自己是同性恋，这段对话是因为查理要参加上司举办的party，需要携带一个同伴，于是让Allen也去以便扮演一对同性恋。谁知艾伦死活不同意，于是查理一点也不谦虚的将自己过往对艾伦的帮助都列出来迫使艾伦意识到艾伦有义务帮这个忙。 3.5. 违反一致准则产生的幽默 Charlie and Allen were eating Pizza. Charlie: Okay， then. Thanks for letting me know. Allen: Who was that? Charlie: St. John’s Hospital. Our mother checked in this evening with chest pains and breathing difficulties. Allen: Oh， my God. Charlie: Ever wonder who was the first guy to put pineapple on pizza? I bet he was gay. Allen: Charlie... Charlie: No straight guy is gonna say: “You know what this pizza could use? A pineapple ring.” God bless him. It’s good. Allen: Charlie， is Mom okay? 查理和艾伦因为跟他们的妈妈吵架了，决定不再理睬自己的妈妈。查理突然收到从医院打来的电话，被告知妈妈住院了。艾伦听了以后非常担心，本想继续向查理问明详细情况，以便知道自己妈妈的现状。结果查理突然拿起一块披萨，说第一个想出点子要把菠萝放进披萨里的人一定是个同性恋。很明显，查理不想跟艾伦讨论妈妈的情况，于是转移了话题，违背了一致原则，他的不在乎和淡定与艾伦的着急担心形成强烈对比，制造出幽默。 3.6. 违反同情准则产生的幽默 Allen: He’s got a boat and a pool? Charlie: I guess you can afford cool stuff when you don’t have to sell your blood and sperm to make alimony payments. Allen: Hey， hey， my relationship with my son is not based on having cool stuff. Charlie: And lucky for you. Come on， look at the bright side. Allen: What bright side， Charlie? Charlie: Maybe one weekend Greg will let us take a couple of chicks out on the boat. Allen: Why on earth would he lend us his boat? Charlie: He’s tight with Jake， we’re tight with Jake. We’ve got an in. Allen: Are you not hearing my pain? My son likes Judith’s boyfriend better than me. Charlie: Hey， I don’t even know him and I like him better than you. 艾伦的前妻茱蒂丝新交了一个富豪男友，不仅有豪宅还有私人游艇，杰克特别喜欢这个人。艾伦作为父亲，因为觉得自己儿子胳膊肘往外拐感到伤心难过，于是向查理寻求安慰。可是查理给他的建议是想想他们从中能得到的好处：如果杰克跟这个富豪搞好关系，他们就可以坐船兜风了。艾伦听了很生气，责怪查理乱出馊主意。谁知查理火上加油，告诉艾伦自己还没见过这个富豪都已经心生仰慕，更何况杰克呢！查理这种直白的不含同情的表达不禁让观众对他感到既无奈又搞笑。