system: [SYSTEM]

user: 4. 《红楼梦》中“水”的概念隐喻 通过分析语料库中所有的索引行，研究发现主要有四个概念隐喻，即[人体是水]、[状态即水]、[具有水特征的物体或现象是水]和[功能是水]。下面的段落将具体地分析这些隐喻。 4.1. [人体是水] 水是人体和社会所必需的基本元素。农业和工业的发展也离不开水。[人体是水]包括几个从属隐喻：[女人是水]、[性格是水]、[眼睛是水]、[状态是水]、[情感是水]。 1) 说起孩子话来也奇怪，他说“女儿是水作的骨肉，男人是泥作的骨肉”。(Y002c125) And he says the strangest things for a child. “Girls are made of water， men of mud，” he declares. (Y002c125) 2) 那金桂原是个水性人儿，那里守得住空房，况兼天天心里想念薛蝌，便有些饥不择食的光景。(103c107) Jingui was too amorous to live without a man and had long been hankering after Xue Ke， but hers was a case of “beggars can’t be choosers.” (y103e107) 3) 唇不点而红，眉不画而翠，脸若银盆，眼如水杏。(Y008c040) Her lips needed no rouge， her blue-black eyebrows no brush; her face seemed a silver disk， her eyes almonds swimming in water. (Y008c040) 4) 一个大些的生得十分水秀，宝玉便问：“你叫甚么名字？”(Y021c092) The elder of the two had a certain delicate charm. “What is your name?” he asked. (Y021c092) 5) 因我看破凡情，超出情海，归入情天，所以太虚幻境‘痴情’一司，竟自无人掌管。(111c056) Now that I have seen through earthly love， passed over the sea of love and returned to heaven， there is no one in charge of the Board of Infatuation in the Illusory Land of Great Void. Infatuation in the Illusory Land of Great Void. (y111e056) 在例(1)中，女人是水做的，而男人则是泥做的，女人如温柔而纯净的水。例(2)表明人的性格像水一样变化无常。例(3)显示眼睛非常清澈明亮，就像水的性质一样。例(4)中的“水秀”表示模样清秀。例(5)中，人们把他们的情感和“水”结合起来，即“爱的海洋”，表明他们的感情深邃如海。 4.2. [状态是水] 状态是一个非常抽象的概念，它指的是他们在特定时间所处的状态或他们的样子。[状态是水]包括以下这些隐喻表达，如[心理状况是水]、[不利状况是水]、[冲突状态是水]。 6) 闲静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。(Y003c230) In repose she was like a lovely flower mirrored in the water; in motion， a pliant willow swaying in the wind. (Y003c230) 7) 不然，就是他和琴妹妹也有了什么不对的地方儿，所以设下这个毒法儿，要把我拉在浑水里，弄一个不清不白的名儿，也未可知？ (090c259) Or maybe， because she bears Sister Baoqin some grudge， she's playing this dirty trick to get me into hot water and give me a bad name—that’s possible too. (y090e259) 8) 我和他“井水不犯河水”怎么就冲了他！(y069c196) I kept clear of her as well water and river water. How could my horoscope clash with hers? (y069c196) 例(6)表明黛玉是非常温柔而安静的，这显示了她的精神状态。例(7)中，“浑水”表明复杂的情况和不利的状况是水。此外，井水和河水是两个相互矛盾的个体，以此来表现这种人际关系的冲突状态是水。例(8)便是这样。 4.3. [具有水的特征的物体或者现象是水] [具有水的特征的物体或者现象是水]包括[月亮是水]，[时间是水]，金钱是水]，[虚无是水]。 9) 只见月光如水，忽然一阵微风，只觉侵肌透骨，不禁毛骨森然。(y051c132) Once outside the room， however， a breath of wind chilled her to the bone and set her shivering. (y051c132) 10) 又侧耳时，只听唱道：“则为你如花美眷，似水流年……”(Y023c194) For you are as fair as a flower. And youth is slipping away like flowing water. (Y023c194) 11) 那时候我才记事儿，咱们贾府正在姑苏、扬州一带监造海舫，修理海塘，只预备接驾一次，把银子都花的淌海水似的!说起籴…… (Y016c157) “I was just old enough then to remember things. In those days our Jia family was in charge of making ocean-going ships and repairing the sea-wall round Suzhou and Yangzhou. To prepare for that Imperial visit， we spent money just like pouring out sea-water ...” (Y016c157) 12) 一个是水中月，一个是镜中花。(Y005c205) One is the moon reflected in the water， the other but a flower in the mirror. (Y005c205) 在例(9)中，月亮像水一样清澈明亮。例(10)表示时间迅速流逝如水流趟过一般。在例(11)中，钱像流水一样花掉了，这意味着钱很容易用完。示例(12)将水中反射的月亮与镜子中的花朵进行比较。他们都表达了虚无的东西。 4.4. [功能是水] [功能是水]包括[方法是水]，[目标是水]，[力量是水]，[条件是水]。 13) 秦钟道：“这也容易，‘只是远水救不得近渴。’”(Y015e153) “That’s easy to manage， but ‘distant water can’t quench a present thirst’”. (Y015e153) 14) 平儿咬牙道：“没良心的东西，过了河就拆桥，明儿还想我替你扯谎!”(Y021c211) “You beast!” she cried through clenched teeth. “As soon as the river’s crossed you pull down the bridge. Don’t ever expect me to lie for you again.” (Y021e211) 15) 小的闻到考爷补升此任，亦系贾府、王府之力；此薛蟠即贾府之亲，老爷何不顺水行舟，作个整人情，将此案了结，日后也好见贾、王二公的面。(Y004c096) I heard that your appointment was due to the good offices of the Jias and Wangs， and this Xue is related to the Jias by marriage. So why not sail with the stream and do them a good turn， settling this case in such a way that you can face them in future? (Y004c096) 16) 次日又来见宝玉，二人相会，如鱼得水。(y066c134) The next day he called on Baoyu， and meeting again they felt so at home with each other. (y066e134) 在例(13)中，水就像解决问题的方法。例(14)水表示目的，示例(15)表示水具有移动船的动力，例(16)表示水所具有的条件，鱼有水才能自在游动。