system: [SYSTEM]

user: 3. 結果 3.1. 植物乳杆菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之体重、食物摄取量、能量摄取、饮水量与食物利用率之影响 表1为大鼠之体重及增重比较表，表2为大鼠食物摄取量、能量摄取、饮水量与食物利用率之比较表。由结果得知，全程实验老鼠无任何死亡或异样的情形，各组之间在起始体重上并无显著差异(p > 0.05)。高脂饮食之HFD组别在最终体重上显著高于正常饮食ND组(p < 0.05)，而在高脂饮食所诱导之肥胖大鼠，HFD合并给予植物乳杆菌GKM3之HFD + GKM3组别，可显著降低其最终体重(p < 0.05)。在体重改变上亦可得到相同之结果。单纯给予高脂饮食组别之大鼠，在食物利用率上显著高于正常饮食组(p < 0.05)。而在高脂饮食给予益生菌冻干粉末之组别可较高脂饮食组显著降低食物利用率(p < 0.05)。在食物摄取量、能量摄取和饮水量上，高脂饮食合并GKM3组与单纯高脂饮食组别相比，并不会影响食物摄取和能量摄取(p > 0.05)。 Table 1 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on body weights and weight change in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Initial body weight (g) 231.52 ± 4.36 a 235.30 ± 3.45 a 231.22 ± 3.66 a Final body weight (g) 505.40 ± 12.87 b 542.68 ± 14.94 a 478.50 ± 7.14 b Weight change (g) 273.88 ± 13.32 ab 307.38 ± 15.21 a 247.28 ± 6.72 b 表1. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之最终体重与体重变化之影响 The reported values are the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). ND， normal diet; HFD， high-fat diet. Weight change (g) = final body weight (g) − initial body weight (g). Table 2 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on food intake， energy intake， water intake， and feed efficiency in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Food intake (g/rat/day) 25.21 ± 0.31 a 20.43 ± 0.47 b 19.71 ± 0.56 b Feed efficiency (%) 19.22 ± 0.54 c 38.70 ± 2.08 a 31.41 ± 0.66 b Energy intake (kcal/rat/day) 99.84 ± 1.25 a 106.42 ± 2.47 a 102.69 ± 2.93 a Water intake (mL/rat/day) 43.29 ± 2.47 a 45.16 ± 2.99 a 44.33 ± 3.10 a 表2. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之食物摄取、能量摄取、饮水量与食物利用率之影响 The reported values are the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). Feed efficiency (%) = [weight change (g) ¸ total food intake (g)] ´ 100%. 3.2. 植物乳杆菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之脏器重量之影响 表3为本次实验中对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之脏器重量影响。各试验组大鼠以二氧化碳牺牲后，取下其心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏，并分别纪录其重量。由结果得知，各试验组大鼠在心脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏重量上，均无显著之差异(p > 0.05)。在肝脏重量结果上，HFD + GKM3组相较于单纯给予HFD组，可显著降低高脂饮食所诱导肝脏重量之增加(p < 0.05)。 3.3. 植物乳杆菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之总脂肪重量与脂肪组织重量之影响 如表4和表5所示，各试验组大鼠牺牲后，取下肾周围脂肪组织、副睪脂肪组织和肠系膜脂肪组织代表内脏脂肪；腹股沟脂肪组织和腹膜外脂肪组织代表皮下脂肪，分别精秤其重量，最后将各脂肪组织加总之总和作为总脂肪重量；将总脂肪重量除以最终体重为体脂肪率。由结果得知，HFD组之肥胖大鼠，其在内脏脂肪组织重量显著高于正常饮食组(p < 0.05)。而HFD + GKM3组相较于单纯给予HFD组，其在总体脂肪、体脂肪率、内脏脂肪(肾周围脂肪、副睪脂肪和肠系膜脂肪组织) 和皮下脂肪组织 (腹股沟脂肪和腹膜外脂肪组织)重量上，皆显著低于HFD组(p < 0.05)。 3.4. 植物乳杆菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之血清生化参数之影响 表6为本次实验各大鼠之血清生化分析结果；大鼠饲养6周后以二氧化碳牺牲，并从静脉进行血液收集，作为后续血清生化分析。在血脂质相关结果显示，HFD组大鼠其血清中三酸甘油酯值着高于正常饮食组(p < 0.05)。在高脂饮食诱导之肥胖大鼠，给予益生菌冻干粉末之HFD + GKM3组中，可见显著 Table 3 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on the weights of organs in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Heart (g/rat) 1.49 ± 0.05 a 1.50 ± 0.05 a 1.46 ± 0.06 a Liver (g/rat) 15.88 ± 0.47 a 17.41 ± 0.77 a 13.20 ± 0.48 b Spleen (g/rat) 0.94 ± 0.07 a 0.89 ± 0.04 a 0.82 ± 0.04 a Lung (g/rat) 2.37 ± 0.08 a 2.45 ± 0.20 a 2.21 ± 0.15 a Kidney (g/rat) 3.38 ± 0.05 a 3.46 ± 0.06 a 3.37 ± 0.10 a 表3. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之脏器重量之影响 The reported values are the mean SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). Table 4 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on the weights of total body fat， body fat percentage， visceral adipose tissue， and subcutaneous adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Total body fat (mg/g rat) 123.11 ± 4.27 a 137.74 ± 6.34 a 96.81 ± 5.22 b Body fat precentage (%) 12.31 ± 0.43 a 13.77 ± 0.63 a 9.68 ± 0.52 b Visceral adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 82.98 ± 2.73 b 94.14 ± 3.50 a 67.76 ± 3.25 c Subcutaneous adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 40.13 ± 2.27 a 43.59 ± 4.02 a 29.05 ± 2.48 b 表4. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之总体脂肪、体脂肪率、内脏脂肪组织和皮下脂肪组织重量之影响 The reported values are the mean SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). Total body fat (mg/g rat) = [visceral adipose tissue (mg) + subcutaneous adipose tissue (mg)] ¸ final body weight (g). Body fat percentage (%) = total body fat (g) ¸ final body weight (g) ´ 100%. Visceral adipose tissue (mg/g rat) = [perirenal adipose tissue (mg) + epididymal adipose tissue (mg) + mesenteric adipose tissue (mg)] ¸ final body weight (g). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (mg/g rat) = [retroperitoneal adipose tissue (mg) + inguinal adipose tissue (mg)] ¸ final body weight (g). Table 5 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on the weights of adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Perirenal adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 35.40 ± 1.03 a 39.32 ± 1.97 a 29.95 ± 2.02 b Epididymal adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 25.33 ± 1.26 b 30.79 ± 0.92 a 21.05 ± 1.78 c Mesenteric adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 22.25 ± 1.19 a 24.04 ± 1.66 a 16.76 ± 1.65 b Retroperitoneal adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 23.09 ± 2.13 ab 25.78 ± 2.74 a 18.16 ± 1.65 b Inguinal adipose tissue (mg/g rat) 17.04 ± 1.42 a 17.81 ± 2.27 a 10.89 ± 1.60 b 表5. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之脂肪组织重量之影响 The reported values are the mean SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). Table 6 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on the serum biochemical parameters in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Triglyceride (mg/dL) 129.50 ± 23.50 b 229.50 ± 8.65 a 71.67 ± 1.33 c Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 116.24 ± 6.74 a 98.35 ± 1.94 b 90.55 ± 1.96 b HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 71.67 ± 2.86 a 52.50 ± 4.84 b 61.17 ± 2.48 ab LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 38.33 ± 2.60 a 24.67 ± 1.78 b 24.83 ± 1.01 b LDL-C/HDL-C (ratio) 0.55 ± 0.04 a 0.47 ± 0.03 ab 0.40 ± 0.03 b Glucose (mg/dL) 242.65 ± 8.45 a 240.93 ± 6.96 a 247.85 ± 2.85 a AST (U/L) 84.67 ± 11.75 a 62.17 ± 4.04 a 68.67 ± 9.44 a ALT (U/L) 35.67 ± 4.29 a 32.50 ± 2.05 a 30.33 ± 5.14 a Uric acid (mg/dL) 5.72 ± 0.10 b 7.47 ± 0.15 a 5.68 ± 0.11 b Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.60 ± 0.00 a 0.55 ± 0.03 a 0.53 ± 0.02 a Ketone body (mmol/L) 5.68 ± 0.20 b 7.17 ± 0.33 a 5.18 ± 0.43 b Na + (mmol/L) 145.33 ± 0.67 a 145.50 ± 0.43 a 144.33 ± 0.49 a K + (mmol/L) 4.62 ± 0.07 a 4.42 ± 0.03 b 4.55 ± 0.04 ab Cl – (mmol/L) 105.67 ± 0.33 a 105.67 ± 0.33 a 105.17 ± 0.40 a 表6. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之血清生化参数之影响 The reported values are the mean SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). 降低高脂饮食引起血清中三酸甘油酯之浓度升高(p < 0.05)。另外，正常饮食ND组别之大鼠其血清中总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量与钾离子浓度，皆显著高于高脂饮食HFD组(p < 0.05)。高脂饮食HFD组别之大鼠其血清中尿酸与酮体显著高于正常饮食ND组别(p < 0.05)。在高脂饮食诱导之肥胖大鼠，给予益生菌冻干粉末之组别，可显著降低高脂饮食所诱导之血清酮体和尿酸浓度之升高(p < 0.05)。此外，在天门冬胺酸转胺酶、丙胺酸转胺酶、肌酸酐、钠离子和氯离子之浓度上，各组之间均无统计之显著差异(p > 0.05)。 3.5. 植物乳杆菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之肝脏总脂质、三酸甘油酯和胆固醇含量之影响 表7为益生菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之肝脏总脂质、三酸甘油酯和胆固醇含量之影响。 Table 7 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 powder on the hepatic total lipid， triglyceride， and cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced obese rat Groups ND HFD HFD + GKM3 Hepatic total lipid (mg/g liver) 66.23 ± 5.86 b 90.71 ± 10.49 a 76.78 ± 3.45 ab Hepatic triglyceride (mg/g liver) 22.76 ± 1.24 b 30.37 ± 2.40 a 25.29 ± 1.35 ab Hepatic cholesterol (mg/g liver) 11.02 ± 0.63 ab 12.46 ± 0.64 a 10.55 ± 0.41 b 表7. 植物乳杆菌GKM3粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之肝脏总脂质、三酸甘油酯与胆固醇含量之影响 The reported values are the mean ± SEM (n = 6). Mean values with different letters were significantly different (p < 0.05). 由结果得知，单纯给予高脂饮食之组别在肝脏总脂质与三酸甘油酯之含量，均显著高于正常饮食控制ND组(p < 0.05)，而高脂饮食给予益生菌GKM3，在肝脏总胆固醇含量上相较于单纯给予高脂饮食组别，可显著降低其肝脏肝脏总胆固醇之含量(p < 0.05)。 3.6. 植物乳杆菌GKM3对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之粪便总脂质、三酸甘油酯与胆固醇含量之影响 表8为益生菌冻干粉末对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠之粪便总脂质、三酸甘油酯与胆固醇含量之影响。由结果显示，高脂饮食HFD组在粪便总脂质、三酸甘油酯和胆固醇含量上，皆显著高于正常饮食ND组(p < 0.05)。而给予高脂饮食诱导之肥胖大鼠益生菌GKM3，可显著较单纯给予高脂饮食HFD组，增加粪便总脂质之排出(p < 0.05)。