Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
theoretical understanding of classic learning algorithms

machine learning has evolved from being a relatively isolated discipline to have a disruptive influence on all areas of science industry and society learning algorithms are typically classified into either deep learning or classic learning where deep learning excels when data and computing resources are abundant whereas classic algorithms shine when data is scarce in the tucla project we expand our theoretical understanding of classic machine learning with a particular emphasis on two of the most important such algorithms namely bagging and boosting as a result of this study we shall provide faster learning algorithms that require less training data to make accurate predictions the project accomplishes this by pursuing several objectives1 we will establish a novel learning theoretic framework for proving generalization bounds for learning algorithms using the framework we will design new boosting algorithms and prove that they make accurate predictions using less training data than what was previously possible moreover we complement these algorithms by generalization lower bounds proving that no other algorithm can make better use of data 2 we will design parallel versions of boosting algorithms thereby allowing them to be used in combination with more computationally expensive base learning algorithms we conjecture that success in this direction may lead to boosting playing a more central role also in deep learning3 we will explore applications of the classic bagging heuristic until recently bagging was not known to have significant theoretical benefits however recent pioneering work by the pi shows that bagging is an optimal learning algorithm in an important learning setup using these recent insights we will explore theoretical applications of bagging in other important settings
black hole opticalpolarization timedomain survey

supermassive black holes form the most intriguing astrophysical systems offering countless opportunities to study fundamental physics in regimes not accessible to laboratories on earth their multimessenger emission manifests in the formation of accretion disks jets and the acceleration of extremely energetic particles all of which are still poorly understood optical polarization can provide answers to such longstanding black hole physics questions since optical polarization signatures clearly distinguish between competing theories however the optopolarimetric data necessary for such a task are missing bootes is a unique joint observational and theoretical program that can unify our understanding of transient tidal disruption events and steady active galactic nuclei supermassive black hole systems using optopolarimetry the unprecedented telescope time 109 nightsyear and highaccuracy optical polarimeter available to the proposed work will allow us to produce 1 the first comprehensive optical polarization monitoring of tidal disruption events 2 the first systematic veryhighcadence optical polarization monitoring of relativistic jets having clear polarization expectations from the stateoftheart models we will uncover two fundamental black hole processes the accretion disk formation mechanism the highenergy particle energization process in relativistic jets two open questions currently at a precipice of a breakthrough in black hole studies
intelligent optoacoustic radiomics via synergistic integration of system models and medical knowledge

radiomics the extraction of clinically relevant information from complex medical imaging data via mathematics and data science is on the verge of becoming a main player in clinical research and medicine however the current radiomics workflow mostly relies on feature engineering and black box machine learning lagging behind the stateoftheart in explainable artificial intelligence i will exploit my broad expertise in mathematics informatics and biomedical imaging to implement intelligent radiomics by integrating the whole imaging value chain ranging from imaging hardware over image formation to medical interpretation of the data into an intelligent software environment echolux is a paradigm shift from black box machine learning to truly intelligent radiomicsecholux will be realized in three steps 1 modelling the imaging system via a digital twin approach using dedicated physical phantom data and a reference dataset acquired from healthy volunteers 2 development and integration of a medical knowledge base that captures the effects of disease on the imaged tissue 3 integration of system and medical tissue models into a bayesian reasoning framework that is able to perform explainable diagnostics and medical knowledge discoverythe clinical use case is optoacoustic imaging of peripheral neuropathy i recently demonstrated that the internal structure and vascular supply of peripheral nerves can be visualized in unprecedented detail by exploiting the molecular contrast of optoacoustic imaging the echolux approach thus has the potential to enable early detection of pathological changes in peripheral nerves eg in conjunction with diabetesecholux links the clinical imaging data simultaneously back to the hardware and forward to the medical decision making this holistic and interdisciplinary approach will leverage radiomics in general and boost the clinical value of optoacoustic imaging
health european muslims and gender medical authority and assisted reproductive technologies in sunni islam

infertility is estimated to affect an average of 14 people worldwide it is an issue that affects equally both men and women although it is often associated with a womens social burden and the case of islam is not an exception while religion influences muslims health beliefs behaviours and decisions health providers are not always aware of cultural and religious preferences and norms thus islamic norms on health treatments can result in muslims exclusion from the health care system especially affecting muslim women this can especially impact issues on infertility and reproduction which holds exceptional moral and social significance across religions through an innovative focus this project aims to advance scientific knowledge about how sunni muslims in a minority context in europe navigate between the authority of medical science and the authority of religion and to what extent this affect their access to health care the project will provide empirical data and develop a theoretical framework based on gender studies sociology of religion and anthropology of health literatures this will be achieved by applying intersectional perspective and qualitative methodologies consisting of semistructured interviews with health professionals and muslims who have had fertility treatments the research will be conducted in two european cities oslo and barcelona both cities have experienced a rapid increase in religious diversity in last decades but are different in their organisation of religious communities and of health systems the comparison between the two cities will provide insights into differences among sunni muslims around negotiating health religious and gender issues this project will contribute to new avenues of investigation concerning the life conditions of sunni muslims in europe and will develop new knowledge on health inequality that may be adapted for future research on other religious minorities or vulnerable groups
resource spirits an interactionist approach to animism and extractivism in southeast asia

indigenous populations in southeast asia and elsewhere have become a major source of inspiration for more sustainable relations with the environment their animist orientations attributing agency personhood or spiritual powers to the nonhuman world is what prevents them from treating the environment as a resource to be exploited extractive industries by contrast are seen to objectify the environment as an entity separate from human beings which is what allows them to extract resources at an industrial scale through longterm ethnographic research in indonesia malaysia the philippines and timorleste this project investigates how natural resource extraction affects peoples diverse relations with the environment however rather than pitching indigenous communities against extractive industries this projects conceptual stepchange consists in the development of a social interactionist framework that examines how animism and extractivism are constituted through their interactions the hypothesis is that we find extractive logics within animist practices and that animist assumptions might also be uncovered within extractive industries the focus on interaction allows us to determine whether animist orientations truly protect against extractivism and how multinational corporations counteract criticism by incorporating the very logics on which this criticism is based ethnographic studies of resource extraction tend to be dominated by single cases focussing on indigenous opposition and the incommensurability between indigenous and modernist ways of relating to the environment the methodological innovation of this project lies in its comparative multiscalar approach through historically informed longterm ethnographic case studies in four southeast asian countries it constructs a comparative matrix for southtosouth comparisons and examines how humanenvironment relations are constituted through their interactions at different scales
new generation marine engines and retrofit solutions to achieve methane abatement flexibility

lng utilisation in shipping is increasing and has direct effects namely benefits on air quality and human health moreover co2 emission is lower with gas use compared to diesel fuels but methane slip may form in gas combustion the lowpressure dual fuel concept is the most popular lng engine technology and unfortunately also the technology producing methane slip therefore development of methane slip reduction technologies for these lowpressure dual fuel cases is the focus of this projectto assess the methane emissions from shipping the green ray project will combine existing data collection with onboard measurements to address existing vessels and new builds normal operation and varying loads and further utilise these results in a model development to achieve lng fleet level assessment to prevent the methane slip the strong consortium of green ray will develop onengine technologies for low pressure dual fuel engines and aftertreatment technologies for the existing vessels as well as newbuilds first the four stroke engine technology is developed further to enable methane slip reduction at all engine loads and to be applicable to the largest engines in the market involving cruise ferry and gas carriers second the onengine technology development for the two stroke engine around a patented lng injection system will aim to significantly reduce methane slip from eg tankers and container ships third a unique approach of a sulphur resistant catalyst system to significant methane oxidation while also ensuring that the activity remains high over time the achievements of these three technologies development will be demonstrated onboard two new builds and one retrofit to existing vessel all of them targeting trl 7 and implementing the partnership on zewt dissemination and exploitation of green ray results towards acknowledged target groups will enable wide deployment of the new technologies maximising also the benefits for climate
challenging the limits of mechanical quantum metrology

nano and micromechanical resonators with their high coherence and low mass serve as extremely good sensors of small forces and particles they are especially powerful in combination with optical laser fields which can measure mechanical motion down to the level where quantum mechanics is needed to describe it the performance of mechanical quantum sensors and in fact our ability to measure their displacement is however limited by fundamental concepts heisenbergs uncertainty principle dictates the smallest vibration that can be resolved and timereversal symmetry bounds the measurement rate of a sensor in this project i challenge both limits evading them by making nanomechanical resonators interact strongly with temporally controlled and nanoconfined light fields the experiments i propose will project a macroscopic mechanical object in a pure quantum state through the mere act of performing a strong measurement i aim to show that such measurements can entangle the objects internal degrees of freedom and can be used to boost metrology performance by breaking timereversal symmetry through optical control i seek to enhance the sensitivity of mechanical force sensors i will investigate whether the measurement interaction can be employed to coherently convert optical to mechanical states and to manipulate optical signals down to the singlephoton levelthe realization of these goals will radically advance mechanical quantum sensing create coherent interfaces for quantum communication and establish novel ways to control light and motion at the quantum level moreover we will gain a new fundamental understanding of metrology and sensing performance in basic systems that transcend the mechanical domain finally these foundational experiments will bring intriguing quantum effects in full view in tangible objects and test whether they can in fact exist at such macroscopic scales
sustainability educational programme for greener fuels and energy on ports

contributing to reach the european green deal objectives and the europe 2050s goals the seanergy project aims to provide a solution for exploiting the untapped potential of euports energys system by implementing the seanergy master plan which assesses stakeholders to execute the necessary activities towards transforming ports regardless of their geographical context into active members of the clean energy and fuel generation grid of eez activities such as training reskilling awareness spreading and communication channels creation will set the basis of the green port transitioning creating spaces of dialogue and teaching among all agents of the industry private and public which will in turn boost the development and integration of these technologies along with prepared professionals that will be able to manage and implement them promptly securely and efficiently the seanergy project will be developed in 3 stages 1 understanding of actors and port ef systems and identifying limitations 2 developing the master plan and handbook which will serve as a training manual for stakeholders as well as implementing the industryacademy programme to train future professionals in clean energy technologies and fuels and how to apply the knowledge in ports 3 expanding the scope of the master plan beyond europe
marseille and the immobilities of black maritime workers in the african mediterranean

marseille and the immobilities of black maritime workers in the african mediterranean mibwam is an interdisciplinary and intersectoral project dedicated to illuminating africas place in the global history of labour port cities colonialism and world oceans the objective of the research under the supervision of prof xavier daumalin amutelleme is to uncover the intersections of docks and decks in the life of african maritime workers within the french empire which subverts common narratives of early globalization as an age of borderless circulation the results will greatly impact the international debate on global social history furthermore from the vantage point of the immobilities of black maritime workers in marseille the project conceptualizes a modern history of the african mediterranean as a way of obtaining a more integrated view of the mediterranean world this cuttingedge interdisciplinary endeavour can greatly advance the crucial transregional reconceptualization of areas studies finally mibwam seeks to engage a wide range of publics in reflection on the entanglements of africa and the mediterranean which will both influence nonacademic audiences and diversify my skills to achieve these objectives mibwam adheres to a multimethodological approach including archival research and includes a research blog devoted to citizen science and involving a variety of participants an additional nonacademic placement at mucem a museum devoted to the euromediterranean world is intended to revisit its representation of africa enriching its collections and databases destined to inform exhibitions mibwam will thus foreground the neglected topic of africas relevance to the mediterranean region in both the academic and museum sectors in accordance with the horizon strategy mibwam is committed to breaking new ground in interdisciplinary research and to helping forge an inclusive and historically aware european society
a magnetocaloric cooling device that employs triangularmicrochannel active regenerators

magnetocaloric materials are energy efficient and have zero globalwarming potential we will build a highefficiency magnetocaloric cooling device with aligned triangularmicrochannel active magnetic regenerators amrs the relatively low practical efficiencies of stateoftheart mcds result from multiscale energy transfer barriers which involve large irreversibilities throughout different boundaries regarding magnetic materials amr geometries hydraulic system and magnetic circuits this work will characterize and optimize the crosssectorial parameters covering mcm properties microchannel structures amr housing dimensions control logic as well as integration and economic aspects of the whole device the experimental tests multiphysics and thermaleconomic models will be closely integrated such that the data from initial experiments with benchmark mcms are used as the basis for the model development the models will then be applied for optimal design of amr microchannels transition temperature arrangement and housing configurations for the highefficiency mcd abundant experimental tests will be performed to promote the control strategy synergizing the parallel microchannel amrs the project will be carried out in collaboration with german academia and industry the collaboration helps to ensure the potential of the project results and that the findings of the project may be transferred to industry for further adaptation the research outcomes of the project will present significant benefits to both academia and industry moreover by contributing to the design of more efficient magnetocaloric heat pump systems with the optimized amr geometries and control strategies and thus helping to attain socioeconomic and environmental targets in the context of the danish 2050 targets and the eu 2030 targets focused on 325 improvement in energy efficiency
development of the first oral diseasemodifying treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd

palobiofarma is a spanish biotech company with the ambition to develop new treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases based on adenosine receptor modulation our compound pbf680 is a firstinclass therapy with disease modifying effects in respiratory diseases like copd over 65m patients suffer from copd yet there are no approved therapies that target disease progression pbf680 is a unique molecule designed to specifically antagonise the adenosine 1 receptor a1r it has shown to be safe and welltolerated in phase 1 trials and demonstrated to reduce pulmonary symptoms and inflammation in mildtomoderate asthmatics in phase 2 trials with funding from the eic accelerator we will demonstrate efficacy in a phase 2 trial in copd a market with high unmet medical need proven clinical efficacy will be the major milestone to raise 30m incl 15m eic equity for a phase 3 trial followed by an additional fund raising or ipo to independently reach market launch with pbf680
analysis of transferrin conformational changes that impact virulence and evolution

structural dynamics define the transition from one protein state to another and are modulated by interactions with partnersligands andor chemical modifications they are important to control protein biological activity govern protein evolution and their alteration can lead to diseases or death the longterm objective of atractive is to understand protein structural dynamics their regulation and how such dynamics diversify a conserved structural core to evolve in computing distinct functions for this we will focus on human serum transferrin htf which shares an ancient and conserved bilobed structural core composed of two domains from the typeii periplasmic binding protein domain family this core is fundamental for maintaining ironhomeostasis in human cells conferring nutritional immunity the same core is harbored by proteins ubiquitous throughout the tree of life that diversified yielding transcription factors enzymes or transport relatedsignaling proteins bacterial pathogens to acquire iron from available sources have evolved membrane receptors for capturing ironloadedhtf transferrin binding proteins a and b tbpatbpb this interaction is essential for the pathogenicity of many critical human pathogens such as neisseria sp gonorrhoeae meningitidis our aim is to investigate the structural dynamics modulated by iron binding and release and how such are affected by the receptors in the presence or absence of drugs following a threepronged approach a determine the structural dynamics of htf upon iron binding in the two bilobed structures and uncover the allostery between them b map the structural changes triggered by htftbpatbpb interactions that underlie the iron release mechanism c identify drugs that compromise the htftbpa interaction to do so cuttingedge multidisciplinary tools will be adopted a smfret b hdxms c moleculardynamic simulations d in vitro binding assays and itc
evolutionary genomics of unconventional sex chromosomes in frogs

in sharp contrast to model organisms with degenerated yw chromosomes many reptiles fish and amphibians have mostly undifferentiated sex chromosomes and exhibit dynamics of birth and death of sex chromosomes why and how earlystage sex chromosomes and frequent turnovers are so prevalent across eukaryotes remain mysterious this also raises pressing questions on alternative mechanisms leading to sex chromosome recombination arrest their dynamics and stability frogs are ideal systems because they have mostly earlystage sex chromosomes and frequent turnovers in this project i will use the robber frogs to study unconventional sex chromosome evolution challenging the paradigm predicted by the canonical model of degenerate yw1 does genomewide reduced recombination always associate with the heterogametic sex i will study an alternative mechanism driving sex chromosome recombination arrest sexspecific telomererestricted recombination in 12 robber frogs with xy zw systems in a phylogenetic framework 2 do sexdetermination turnovers repeatedly occur in frogs with heteromorphic sex chromosomes i will identify sex chromosomes for each species and analyse the rate of turnovers in xy and zw systems in a phylogenetic framework i anticipate several independent transitions between sexdetermination mechanisms and more transitions within the xy or zw system 3 what are the genomic consequences of giant ys and ws how do they form and differ i will perform chromosomelevel genome assembly to identify gene content on the ysws i will detect inversions evolutionary strata compare transposable elements dynamics and dosage compensation mechanisms between xy and zw systemsif successful this project will uncover alternative mechanisms driving sex chromosome recombination arrest their dynamics and genomic features it will reveal the mysterious formation of giant ysws together this will conceptually extend boundaries of the canonical model