Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
nutrient redistribution by mammals as a key mechanism for ecosystem restoration

declining soil fertility represents one of humanitys major challenges in the 21st century in the past large vertebrate animals played a crucial role in transporting nutrients between ecosystems supporting a more fertile planet today however species extinctions diminished population abundances and constraints on animal movement have reduced animalmediated nutrient transport by 90 compared to the latepleistocene in contrast anthropogenic use of certain nutrients nitrogen n phosphorus p and potassium k vastly exceeds planetary boundaries consequently some areas of the world experience excessive nutrient pollution and others nutrient depletion agricultural abandonment trajectories provide opportunities for largescale ecosystem restoration including rewilding of large vertebrates however where humans have altered nutrient geographies redistribution by wild animals may have unintended consequences for nearby ecosystems including to plant productivity carrying capacity carbon storage and endemic competitive advantages consequently changes to either anthropogenic nutrient loading or to animal dynamics during ecosystem restoration projects can have farreaching implicationsrenourish will develop an agentbased modelling framework that quantifies the redistribution of multiple nutrients across landscapes by different guilds of large mammals crucially this model will include the direct and indirect influences of predators an essential but often overlooked aspect of nutrient redistribution in terrestrial landscapes the renourish framework will then be applied to two restoration case studies in i nutrientdeficient and ii nutrientpolluted environments this transformative approach will directly help conservation practitioners achieve goals of ecological integrity and contribution to climate stability results will be disseminated via published papers interactive workshops conference presentations and popular articles
lithium niobate quantum systems

quantum technologies are expected to have a transformative impact by exploiting fundamental quantum mechanical effects for technological applications such as quantum computation quantum simulation quantum communication and quantum sensing photons are the only reliable qubit for quantum information transmission making them an essential resource for quantum technologies however quantum photonics will only meet its expectation as a ground breaking technology when integrated in a scalable fashion the solution lies in quantum photonic integrated circuits where photons are used to encode and process quantum information onchip offering scalable quantum information processing units currently different integration platforms are investigated with a selection of building blocks available however no platform has shown a comprehensive toolbox combining all functionalities on a single chip in this project i will demonstrate that the thin film lithium niobate on insulator platform can simultaneously link all quantum photonics building blocks on a single platform resulting in fully integrated quantum photonic integrated circuits i will develop integrated lithium niobate quantum systems linqs showcasing the generation manipulation and analysis of photonic qubits this will result in the first compatible integration platform hosting semiconductor quantum emitters quantum memories based on rareearth ions cryogenic electronics and superconducting singlephoton detectors together with the outstanding properties of cmoscompatible lithium niobate on insulator lowloss circuits and fast modulators by developing all required building blocks and linking them to scalable systems i will provide the quantum technology community a single integration platform for all quantum photonics applications linqs will lay the foundation for europes forefront position in a future photonicsdriven quantum technology industry
impact of maternal nutritional status and microbiota on child anthropometric and metabolic development

both overnutrition and undernutrition shape the capacities of the body to process food double burden of malnutrition and are thus important determinants of metabolic syndrome a cluster of conditions including high blood sugar or excess body fat and dietrelated diseases such as type 2 diabetes or heart diseases the first 1000 years of life from conception to second birthday are considered a key period of life where the metabolic capacities are adjusted we hypothesize that during this period exposures such as the nutritional and metabolic status of the pregnant mother her gut and vaginal microbiota the childs gut microbiota and other clinical parameters linked to pregnancy delivery and early life have an impact on how the metabolism develops the objective of the proposed research is to study the contribution of prenatalearly life exposures on the anthropometric and metabolic development of the child and whether these effects could be mediated by epigenetic changes for this i will spend 24 months in the university of lausanne switzerland for the outgoing phase prof pascale vonaesch followed by a returning phase of 12 months in fisabio spain dr pilar francino this collaboration gives me the unique opportunity to work on samples and data from two birth cohorts of under normally and overnourished pregnant mothers and their offspring both in a low and a highincome country lao pdr and spain i will bring my expertise in epidemiology and clinical research as well as specific knowledge and skills in analysing vaginal microbiota data to the host and associated partner in return i will dig into new concepts and acquire advanced skills in genomics from bench work to bioinformatics community analysis epigenetics nutritionrelated diseases as well as transferable and complementary skills in order to enhance my careers perspectives this interdisciplinary research will generate new insights in both basic science and public health
a continent disarmed gun culture gun control and the making of western europe ca 18701970

this research project is a comparative and transnational historical investigation of the lawful possession and use of small firearms by lawabiding civilians in europe between ca 1870 and ca 1970 over the course of this centurylong period europe underwent a silent revolution which led it from being a continent where guns were in daily use to becoming a place where weapons in civilians hands became associated with violence and crime this led to the progressive establishment of gun control measures and to the cultural deglamorization and depoliticization of guns as a cornerstone of public order social peace and more generally the smooth running of political systems the overall goal of the project is to study the root causes of this shift and its impact on european historythe project provides a wideranging examination of the gun question it adopts an integrated methodological approach that encompasses legislative measures cultural representations and gunrelated practices within a broad comparative and transnational diachronic framework involving select countries in western europe france the united kingdom germany italy spain and swedenheuristically the project does not equate the possession and use of guns with political violence and warfare instead it focuses on lawful gun ownership and use this constitutes a privileged point of view and a fundamental benchmark to fully grasp the impact and cultural roots of political violence the project has the ambition to write the first political social and cultural history of the gun question in europe it will not only fill a major gap in the current literature but also newly address the relationship between processes of enlargement of states competences the control of violence and the rights of individuals which ultimately lies at the core of the making of modern and contemporary europe and the nature of european citizenship
managing uncertainty in disaster risk reduction an ethnography of data practices in ghanas emergency preparedness and early intervention infrastructure

the mundi msca project explores the uses of digital innovations for the predictive anticipation realtime analysis and early intervention in multiple and intersecting threats to human security in ghana specifically the project takes the focal areas of ghanas multisectoral emergency preparedness and response effort that is the spread of infectious disease climatechange related flooding and manmade disasters in the context of mining activities as case studies to explore data practices in the countrys national disaster risk reduction drr strategy central tools of drr including strategic and evidencebased risk assessment operational plans and risk communication are directly tied to the systematic and standardized production and analysis of data about populations and their environs this has raised concerns about data quality in contexts characterized by historically incomplete and fragmented population registers and statistical reporting systems the mundi project seeks to answer the research question how innovations in data practices anchor the acceleration of interventions in human security in spite of multiple and layered uncertainties about data sources models and predictions exploring this question in the context of ghana will advance our empirical understanding of the base processes and material foundations of building realtime datafication in emerging data systems develop new theoretical approaches to evidenceproduction under conditions of sustained uncertainty and add to our methodological toolkit new frames for the comparative analysis of digital population data infrastructuring for the purpose of impact forecasting early warning and rapid deployment of first responders
feedback mechanisms approach to resolve regime shifts in ecological systems

our planet is changing at a pace never experienced before ecosystems worldwide are impacted by multiple anthropogenic pressures and are experiencing abrupt changes sometimes leading to regime shifts marine ecosystems are prone to these dynamics and regime shifts are at the spotlight of research which seeks to reduce the uncertainties related to our incomplete understanding of these processes three main questions need to be answered to understand regime shifts when they happen ie detection why ie drivers and characteristics and how ie mechanisms present literature has focused mainly on detecting regime shifts neglecting feedbacks and how ecosystems function this ignorance has limited the causal understanding of these phenomena and has hindered the capacity to predict them a fundamental step under global changes feedres brings feedbacks mechanisms at the fore and aims at responding to all the three challenges to understand and project regime shifts to fulfil this feedres will develop a cuttingedge methodological framework combining methods from system dynamics theory and ecology feedres will follow three steps 1 map worldwide marine regime shifts through a systematic mapping feedres will assess the extent of regime shifts highlighting knowledge gaps when 2 empirically study the important structural elements and connections that characterize marine systems under regime shifts from populations to socioecological systems feedres will apply a twostep modelling approach to understand how the system change during regime shifts why 3 develop mechanistic models to understand how changes in feedback mechanisms mediate marine regime shifts how based on the knowledge developed feedres will identify common feedback types in marine systems and will project the likelihood of regime shifts feedres will revolutionise ecosystem science and will increase the understanding on how complex systems behave under cumulative stressors
deep learning air quality forecasts for four days

aqplus4 will develop the first scientifically sound operational air quality forecasting system based on innovative deep learning and it technology based on the successful development of ai air quality forecasting models in the intelliaq advanced grant we will explore the combination of several deep learning models into one coherent concept test the transferability to new air pollutant species and other world regions furthermore the grant shall cover the necessary technical developments to prepare the data processing and deep learning software for operational use and we shall setup a dialogue with two identified stakeholders uba germany and nier korea to discuss the data processing and forecasting requirements as well as the deployment and maintenance options the stakeholder exchange will also include training activities including extended training of a korean researcher timely and reliable air quality forecasts are important to issue health warnings and prepare mitigation measures intelliaq has demonstrated higher accuracy forecasts compared to conventional chemistry transport model results the aqplus4 system will therefore constitute an important breakthrough innovation that may later be adopted at several environmental monitoring agencies around the world
tackling limitations of future relevant thermochemical reactions by exploiting the dynamic surface behaviour of complex mixed metal oxides

for a sustainable future highly active selective andfor a sustainable future highly active selective and stable catalyst are of utmost importance for the chemical industry the conventional steadystate operation of catalytic reactors reaches its limit this project opens up new perspectives on the opportunities of tailored oxide surfaces we aim to develop a dynamic responsive catalysts drc that change their surface structure dependent on the oxidizing or reductive character of the reactant mixture combined with oscillation between reducing and oxidizing atmosphere in forced periodic operation fpo our concept opens unprecedented opportunities for surface engineering at low reduction degree the drcfpo concept allows activation and net stabilization of activeselective metastable sites that are thermodynamically not accessible under conventional steadystate operation furthermore at high reduction degrees the drcfpo concept enables reversible formation of highly dispersed active nanoparticles out of the mixed metal oxide host structure upon oxidative treatment the atoms of nanoparticles can reintegrate into the host structure at ultimate dispersion this is a unique way to overcome irreversible catalyst deactivation by nanoparticle sinteringwith our expertize on mixed metal oxides based like spinels and perovskites we will enable the drc functionality by compositional tailoring and resolve general trends to leverage the full potential of this approach we aim to explore all relevant effects in four future relevant demonstrator reactions at low and high temperatures as well as oxidizing and reductive environment by a combination of synthetic analytic reaction engineering and operando characterization methodologiesthe acquired basic knowledge and proven feasibility of the drcfpo concept opens a paradigmshift in the operation of catalysts it generates groundbreaking ways to create defined active surface sites and avoid catalyst deactivation
disorder in ultrafast phase transitions

disrupt which stands for disorder in ultrafast phase transitions represents a theoretical physics initiative with the primary aim of harnessing both static and timedependent disorder to gain full control over ultrafast phase transitions occurring in quantum materialsa key aspiration within the realm of nonequilibrium physics is to attain the ability to manipulate the properties of quantum materials over time offering numerous potential applications in highimpact technologies such as ultrafast electronics probabilistic computing and quantum computing however in experiments where a pumpprobe approach is employed disorder is often viewed as an unwelcome factor that threatens to undermine the vision of achieving complete control over the dynamics of quantum manybody systems through the use of light our objective is to challenge this conventional perspective and demonstrate that disorder serves two fundamental purposes firstly it enables us to place the system in nonthermal states that would be otherwise inaccessible under equilibrium conditions as seen in ultrafast inhomogeneous disordering secondly it allows us to theoretically devise robust mechanisms for preventing the thermalization of quantum systems with direct implications for quantum memory technology this dual objective lies at the core of our proposalto accomplish these objectives we plan to implement for the first time according to our knowledge an outofequilibrium extension of realspace dynamical mean field theory this will enable us to investigate both the absence of thermalization in correlated electron systems experiencing static quenched disorder manybody localization and the ultrafast inhomogeneous disordered transition in vanadium dioxide involving annealed timedependent disorder
role of astrogliosis in the recurrence of brain tumors after microsurgical resection

malignant primary and secondary brain tumors represent the deadliest types of human cancer glioblastoma is the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumor standard of care is based on maximal surgical safe resection followed by fractionated radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy despite optimal treatment the recurrence rate is higher than 90 on the other hand brain metastases secondary brain tumors from distant organs remain a substantial contributor to overall cancer mortality being the main cause of death in up to 50 of affected patients research on the resistance to chemo and radiotherapy has been widely performed however studies on the impact of surgery on the cellular biological phenotype have been curiously neglected even if the standard of care requires that all patients receive surgical resection if possible the contribution of the neuroinflammation to cancer progression is extensively studied however its role after surgical injury remains to be elucidated therefore we aim to mechanistically decipher the role of reactive astrocytes key regulators of neuroinflammation on the postsurgery recurrence of primary and secondary brain tumors we will use intravital microscopy digital pathology genetic and pharmacological selective targeting of reactive astrocytes and ultimately we will evaluate novel therapeutic approaches to improve clinical benefit
collective dynamics of sleep

sleep is a biological imperative for all animals insufficient sleep can have detrimental effects on individuals health cognition social functioning and overall fitness even among gregarious species sleep has largely been studied in lone individuals in laboratory settings divorced from relevant socioecological context limiting our ability to understand how social environments shape and are shaped by the sleep patterns of their members my goal is to bring the study of sleep into the collective context understand how social processes structure the sleep patterns of individuals groups and populations and test how gregarious animals navigate the opportunities and constraints imposed by sleeping as part of a group to do this i will integrate cuttingedge technologies with traditional fieldobservation methods to measure and model the collective dynamics of sleep among wild baboons to continuously monitor movement position and sleep of baboons at the individual group and population levels i will use gps and accelerometry tracking of members of 30 troops of wild baboons this will be combined with 3d laser scanning of the physical sleep environment overnight thermal videography sleepdisruption field experiments focal sampling of social behaviors and advanced computational modeling to shed light on how differentiated and multifaceted social relationships shape individual and collective sleep decisions and how these decisions in turn shape the overall social dynamics of groups this groundbreaking project will be the first to measure the collective sleep behavior of animal groups in a socially and ecologically relevant context as such it has the potential to shed wholly new light on social and ecological tradeoffs that gregarious species like our own must balance to satisfy the biological imperative of sleep
solutions for constructions and bulding materials based on the energy absorption

energy efficiency in buildings is a critical aspect of addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to contribute to this endeavor our research project focuses on the development and optimization of phase change materials pcms derived from biomass as a sustainable solution for thermal energy storage in buildings pcms have shown promise in enhancing energy efficiency by storing and releasing thermal energy as they undergo phase transitions however challenges such as low thermal conductivity and leakage have limited their widespread application especially in construction materials our project seeks to address these challenges by exploring the use of natural biomass materials such as plant fibers wood particles endocarps and husks as containers for pcms these lignocellulosic materials possess unique properties including high deformation capacity and porosity which make them promising candidates for effectively containing and activating pcms by utilizing biomass as pcm containers we aim to improve the thermal performance of building materials reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions to achieve our objectives we will conduct a comprehensive research program that includes experimental testing numerical simulations and optimization techniques
mechanical oocyte measurement as a predictive biomarker for assisted reproductive technologies

infertility is a major societal problem and one in six people must use assisted reproductive technologies art to conceive however art success rates remain low ca 20 which represents a significant burden for the patients due to the heavy treatments and high risk of miscarriage recent studies have revealed that the mechanical properties of female gametes oocytes are tightly regulated and can change with advancing maternal age ama leading to a higher risk of miscarriage or congenital diseases mechanical biomarkers have thus been proposed to score highquality oocytes in art however their use is hampered by 1 the lack of precise knowledge of mechanical phenotypes associated with ama and oocyte quality and 2 the absence of appropriate technology to measure oocyte mechanical properties in medical settings in momart i propose to develop a userfriendly and noninvasive approach for the mechanical phenotyping of oocytes based on an innovative miniaturized measurement system with computational analysis i will characterize mechanical phenotypes associated with ama andor developmental defects in mouse models to establish the predictive value of mechanical biomarkers for oocyte quality i will finally evaluate the proposed microfluidic approach in a reproductive medicine department in the frame of a nonacademic placement and aim thereby to identify minimal requirements that my approach and device must meet to be applied for oocyte mechanical scoring in medical setting this comprehensive and interdisciplinary project will bring significant technological fundamental and medical advances in oocyte mechanobiology directly applicable to oocyte quality assessment and personalized diagnostics in art in momart i will interact with experts in microfluidics developmental biology and human reproduction upon completion of the fellowship i will have consolidated my interdisciplinary and intersectional profile which is key for my future career