Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
a circuit perspective on olfaction how learning and context shape the propagation of information between brain areas

sensory information is initially processed in specialized brain areas but only integration with previously acquired knowledge provides meaningful information for flexible action selection this requires the propagation of information from sensory to association areas where sensory information is put into context and memories are acquired the entorhinalhippocampal network is of particular importance for information integration and memory formation recent findings about learninginduced changes in sensory areas raise the question whether they occur independently or reflect altered topdown influence of the abundant feedback projections from associative areaswhile learning and contextrelated changes of activity have been described for individual brain areas it is largely unknown how learning affects propagation of information between areas the proposed project aims to dissect the mechanisms by which learning and context shape propagation of sensory information from the olfactory system to the entorhinalhippocampal network in mice olfaction provides unique features to address this aim a short pathway from sensory to association areas a discrete time frame for information sampling by respiration and the capability of mice to quickly learn odorguided tasksthe main hypothesis of this project is that timing and synchrony of neuronal activity are key parameters in determining the propagation of information between brain areas and that they are affected by learning and context through feedback projections from association areas this hypothesis will be tested by simultaneous electrophysiological recordings in olfactory bulb piriform cortex lateral entorhinal cortex and hippocampus during learning of odorreward associations combined with optogenetic manipulations and anatomical assessment of connectivity between these areasthis project will reveal the mechanisms by which learning and context change the propagation of information between brain areas
from maternal hormones to malaria susceptibility and accelerated ageing new insights from wild birds

for centuries malaria has been a major global health concern and despite intensive research efforts malaria infection remains a key issue for many countries malaria parasites are also responsible for wildlife population declines and even extinction of many bird species despite being exposed to the same risk there is a clear interindividual variation in the susceptibility to malaria infection through mathormal i propose that such interindividual variability in malaria susceptibility might be linked to both the prenatal programming of physiology by maternal hormonal effects and by initial differences in cellular ageing ie assessed through telomere length higher exposure to certain maternal hormones can depress immunity accelerate cellular ageing and deregulate the protective microbiome of the uropygial gland linked to antimalarial defensive mechanisms thus i hypothesize that increased prenatal exposure to certain maternal hormones could make the offspring more susceptible to malarial infections potentially through its effects on telomeres and uropygial microbiome to test this i will first use artificially increased yolk hormone experiments glucocorticoid testosterone and thyroid hormones in a wild bird population and assess malaria infection intensity immunity telomere dynamics and uropygial microbiome then i will experimentally induce earlylife telomere lengthening with ta65 to assess the potential role that short telomeres play in malaria susceptibility this project will advance our understanding of the interindividual variation in malaria susceptibility which will help to improve malaria prevention strategies mathormal will use an integrative approach at the crossroad of evolutionary ecology ecophysiology and parasitology and largely benefit from the dual knowledge transfer between myself expertise in maternal hormonal effects and avian malaria and my host group expertise in maternal hormonal effects and telomere biology
facilitating innovations for resilient livestock farming systems

the overall objective of relivestock is to evaluate and mobilize the adoption of innovative practices applied crossscale animal herd farm sector and region to reduce ghg emissions from livestock farming systems and increase their capacity to dealing with potential climate change impacts to reach our aim relivestock have brought together the excellence scientific expertise in europe and australia and across disciplines including coinnovation animal feeding breeding welfare farm management environmental and socioeconomic assessment and policy analysis to develop novel and scientifically supported integrated approaches specific for different dairy beef and pig systems and geographic regions in the context of climate change strong collaboration with industry stakeholders to identify the innovations and to codesign the validation will ensure relevance and maximise the adoption of best practices national groups of farmers case studies and stakeholder forums together with a european multiactor platform will allow for an engaged codesign of transition pathways whilst learning from innovation networks will allow for the testing and sharing of latest innovative solutions a community of practice will extend the multiactor approach to a broad range of stakeholders
treelevel biomass maps for africa

trees outside forests make up more than one quarter of the tree cover in africa but there is currently a lack of efficient and reliable monitoring systems for trees outside forests previous research suggests that most forest and landscape restoration flr is occurring outside of contiguous forests particularly in agroforestry systems this implies that tree on fields in particular those of smallholder farmers as well as trees in restoration and plantation areas cannot be effectively and rapidly monitored the erc project tofdry has developed methods and tools that can fulfil these tasks but the project outputs are not harmonized and not operational the treemap project aims at moving research into practical and needed application in africa that facilitate the use of tree level biomass maps with endusers such as governmental authorities or ngos treemap will conduct a user needs assessment and harmonize tofdry methods to develop operational products at two scales 1 localregional scale treelevel biomass maps using submeter resolution imagery 2 annual high resolution biomass maps at national scale based on planetscope images with a focus on dynamics in farmlands and restorationplantation areas finally treemap will disseminate and distribute demoproducts to endusers treemap will partner with audanepad who is setting up incountry institutional arrangements to enable multisector use of the biomass maps treemap products will generate visibility on and verification of flr efforts that can attract climate finance treelevel biomass maps contribute to greenhouse gas ghg inventories the agriculture forestry and other land use afolu sector nationally determined contributions ndc reporting and potential participation in carbon markets placing highly accurate user friendly regularly updated analysis ready products in the hands of nonexperts in africa allows widespread participation in flr monitoring and carbon markets
doctoral training programme in functional advanced materials towards a better future

docfam doctoral training programme in functional advanced materials towards a better future is a new excellent doctoral programme for the recruitment of 26 excellent doctoral researchers led by csic through icmab it builds on the success and positive outcomes from the original docfam programme by providing a new dimension through highly interdisciplinary and intersectoral research while fulfilling all the principles of open science and maintaining the highest research quality standards the new programme includes the participation of 6 implementing partner organisations alba synchrotron lightsource albacells catalan institute of nanoscience nanotechnology icn2 catalonia energy research institute irec high energy physics institute ifae the institute of microelectronics of barcelona imbcnmcsic and the autonomous university of barcelona uabdocfam involves a wide variety of research projects hosting supervisors within the functional advanced materials sector targeting three main applications in alignment with major european societal challenges clean secure energy smart nanomedicine and sustainable lowcost electronics it goes one step further by strengthening the collaborative approach of docfam while enhancing the potential and future career perspectives of recruited fellows and consolidating the excellence and outstanding trackrecord of participating entities the frontier research programme will be complemented with advanced training aspects through an integrating holistic approach to the training of doctoral fellows through a combination of researchoriented and demanding soft skills in alignment with excellence in hr policies the european charter for researchers the code of conduct the international intersectoral aspects of the programme are boosted by the collaboration with several associated partner organisations including startups universities research technology organisations and synchrotron installations
innovative 5r solutions for textile integrated circular economy

solstice aims at demonstrating 4 replicable systemic solutions for the territorial deployment of the circular economy cec for the major industrial sector of textiles 62mt producedyear all steps of waste prevention and management will be included in a 5r strategy refusereduce reuse repair repurpose recycle the solutions developed can be replicated and crosslinked with the plastics value chain solstice willdevelop tools and strategies to implement the 5r approachofor the 4r refusereduce reuse repair repurpose engage the different stakeholders industrial companies local authorities citizens to revise their supply chains behaviour and become more sober circular and sustainable scope and map current state carry research on and analysis of relevant circular interventions per territory create a methodology and blueprints of cec interventions to be testedpiloted define circular guidelines and indicatorsorecycle demonstrate innovative chemical recycling technologies able to treat efficiently part of the major streams of polymers in textiles and plastics pet elastane polyamide polyurethane in mild conditions the technologies allow to recycle multicomponent and biobased materials complex streams and to recycle textile into textile or coating into coating closedloop or into addedvalue applications open loop they are easily adaptable and allow a local recyclingsetup a traceability system based on a digital product passport and designed in relation to existing initiativesthe demonstration will take place in 4 eu representative and complementary territories knowledgetransfer and cooperation between the cities and regions involved and with ccri and other stakeholders and projects will ensure an optimised development and deployment of the new circular concepts as well as the replicability of the concept and a maximal impact the deployment of solstice could save 43108 mt ghg emissionsyear by 2030
modulation of valencebased learning and behavior a closedloop approach in the primate amygdala

the primate amygdala is a neural hub that processes computations for learning and memory specifically when learning involves emotional motivational and reinforcementbased signals this requires it to remain highly adaptive for changes in valence of environments and stimuli failures of such computations can lead to maladaptive behaviors and even psychopathologies such as ptsd and anxiety however the core principles of amygdala function continue to elude the field recent studies suggest valence is processed in dedicated pathways and we do not fully understand the mechanisms governing adaptive processing of valence and its reversal our overarching goal here is to elucidate the factors that underlie the dynamics of valence representation in amygdala circuits and actively reverse valence to examine the impact on behavior we develop a new framework using braincomputerinterface bci and a closedloop approach that allows us to guide changes in neural activity in the primate amygdala and modulatory networks we test the hypothesis that coding properties of single amygdala neurons are dynamic and examine how adaptive flexible coding is enabled by population activity we unveil the parameters that govern this flexibility timescales directionality population size and its effective dimensionality we then test how reversing representation of valence alters the animal response to learned stimuli and use it to examine and manipulate aversivebiases in models of anxietytrauma generalization and exploration using highdensity neural recordings in the primate amygdala acc si with closedloop behavioral paradigms and computational approaches we will unveil a more direct rather than correlative role for the amygdala in the process of valencebased learning and find the constraints that limit network adaptivity our findings in the primate brain will accelerate the design of closedloop interventions to alleviate human psychopathologies
migrants protests how the borders of citizenship are conceived mobilized and constructed by migrants farm workers protests

migrants workers exploitation in several fields of production is one of the most dramatic and serious aspects of our societies and at the same time one of the not enough explored discussed voiced nevertheless hard structural and subjective conditions migrants workers as several recent case show in italy and worldwide protest and more and more raise up their voices and claims together some times with locals to equal rights dignity in work and life conditions this project explores two contexts italy and canada of migrants labor movements with a central focus on migrants employed in agriculture it intends to work on the following sets of research questions how migrants workers mobilization and protests1 challenges the theory and practices of citizenship do they restrict or enlarge rights for all2 impact on actors selfrepresentation as citizens and their recognition by other actors in the fieldfor this very timely issue that urges attention worldwide the two contexts will be approached recurring to multiple theoretical frames the main being migration and citizenship studies and social movement studies qualitative methods will be privileged even though second hand quantitative data will be utilized as well additionally in order to give voice to the subjects lives and struggles the project intends to adopt a participatory action research par approach mixed with ethnography participant observations and interviews will provide mechanisms towards a strong orientation to the field on the other side the direct engagement of participants throughout the research process will create opportunities for democratic and transformative knowledge creation that align with par principles
the making of local legal cultures under rome a view from the margins

law and order were romes vehicles for displaying its imperial authority and supremacy over nonroman subjects however rome did not fill a legal vacuum rather it competed with established legal practices among communities in the greek east these communities took pride in their legal traditions as they were being absorbed into the roman legal order consequently the sphere of law served provincials as a major arena for negotiating roman power and demarcating their own local identities what customs to maintain and what trends to resist despite scholarly interest in the plurality of laws under rome this project proposes an innovative crossdisciplinary study of these local legal cultures as an expression of provincial agency and selfdetermination while previous studies were limited to the scattered remains of legal activities in the greek east on papyri or on inscriptions it is the premise of this project that only by integrating the hitherto neglected body of jewish jurisprudence we may gain access into provincial perceptions of their legal cultures early rabbinic literature 1st3rd centuries ce which has been marginalized as an isolated phenomenon is in fact the only comprehensive source of local lawmaking under rome and is therefore the most appropriate framework for studying provincial legalisms in all of their forms by applying a multidimensional comparative analysis of key legal fields local law under rome provides a structured method including the following stages for proceeding towards a new understanding of subordinate legal discourse first the project contextualizes each system of local law separately against the background of roman legal administration and local traditions next it discerns patterns of integration across different legal traditions and finally it characterizes the distinct nature of provincial legalism as means for cultural and political distinction in circumstances of law without power
social and technological innovation factory for lowcarbon and circular industrial value chains

the sotecin factory social and technological innovation factory for lowcarbon and circular industrial value chains goal is to connect industry with society in a community of missionoriented social innovators to support social entrepreneurs in their drive to increase the circularity of key product value chains and to promote a culture of social innovation in european manufacturing businesses the sotecin factory serves the eu priority a european green deal and its european industrial strategy by giving financial and capacitybuilding support to social innovations that improve the circularity of the seven key product value chains as defined by the eu circular economy action plan it supports systemic transformation towards restructuring value chains to be lowcarbon and circular by implementing higher value circular economy strategies ie reuse repair refurbish and remanufacture specifically the sotecin factory will support 40 missionoriented social entrepreneurs with services regarding governance through the creation of stewardship councils for each innovation business model capacitybuilding fundraising and exploitation and 30 missionoriented premarket demonstration projects
edible lasers for safety and authentication of food and pharmaceuticals

the goal of ediblelasers is to make microlasers entirely out of edible materials and explore their potential for barcoding and sensing in food pharmaceuticals and beyond in the ongoing erc starting grant celllasers we have developed several lasers made out of biocompatible and biological materials and implanted them in cells and tissues if the microlasers are made from biological materials they can also be edible building on this work we have specifically developed several microlaser types that are completely made of edible materials and can be embedded in edible products their welldefined spectral fingerprints have the potential to enable muchimproved food quality control safety and traceability including unclonable security tags and novel barcodes because of their small size edible lasers can be embedded in any food without changing its characteristics such as taste and appearance the microlasers could detect the freshness of food as well as measure other food properties such as ph and sugar concentration further the unique emission spectra of each microlaser can encode information directly inside food such as expiration date and manufacturer data here i propose to optimize the edible microlaser sensors and barcodes to be viable as commercial products to patent this technology and to explore the path toward commercialization taken together developing advanced edible lasers will lead to a great diversity of applications of benefit to the wider society
scalable method for synthesis of multifunctional colloidal inks for superconductors

global warming is one of the main challenges that society is currently facing it involves a major change of the energy paradigm to drastically reduce co2 emissions high temperature superconductivity presents a huge interest worldwide for its opportunities for cleantech energy as superconductors allow energy harvesting and transport electric power with minimal losses superconducting nanocomposites in the form of coated conductors cc are specially interesting as generators operating at high magnetic fields however the widespread use and commercialization of cc nanocomposites in large scale applications is limited by the high cost performance ratio of existing manufacturing processes we developed a novel method that when combining the lowcost benefits of chemical solution deposition csd processing with the ultrafast growth rates of crystallization from liquid phases transient liquid assisted growthtlag a four times cost reduction is expected in comparison with state of the art the tlagcsd approach uses multifunctional colloidal inks mfci that replaces the standard csd inks enabling the control of the nanoscale landscape required to improve performance the key point is the stabilization of the nanoparticles in a highly ionic environment at high concentrations the innovation product of smsinks is the manufacturing of robust stable and reproducible mfci in large quantities several litres by industrial processes which will fill the existing gap in the superconducting nanocomposites coated conductors industry a new generation of mfci will be validated by upscaling the manufacturing process focusing on value capture and market fit ensuring a strong ip position and preparing a development plan that can be further codeveloped with industry additionally this mfci technology could be easily adapted to other csd material areas magnetic ferroelectric thermoelectric
nanobiological contrast agent platform for mri imaging

nanoimaging proposes the elucidation of the potential of a metalprotein hybrid nanostructure as a platform for the development of tissuespecific positive magnetic resonance imaging mri contrast agents this proposal builds on the large demand for mri examinations worldwide the health concerns raised by available contrast agents and the little choice of tissuespecific contrast agents available to clinical practitionersthe unique value proposition of nanoimaging a safe bright and tissuespecific mri contrast agent is possible due to the purposely designed structure and composition of the nanostructure and tissuetargeting properties thereofthe proposed solution based on proprietary technology allows for the control of the nanomaterial properties and the straightforward customization of targeting moietieshaving observed the basic principles of the technology formulated the concept behind the idea and made invitro experiments that prove the consistency of our revolutionary approach now we want to further the technology towards the clinical practice by testing the technology invivoby leveraging on the platform nature of this solution and our capacity to tune the targeting properties of the nanostructure we aim at providing a simple tuneable and affordable development platform for the fabrication of biocompatible tissuespecific mri contrast agents la carte therefore the successful outcome of this project will help realize the breakthrough and innovation potential of this solution for the fast and costeffective development of a growing portfolio of tissuespecific mri contrast agents and thereby address a current societal challenge in health by satisfying the present demand for efficient safe and tissuespecific contrast agents for diagnosis