Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
philosophy of social physics

philosophy of social physics sophy intends to explore the impact of physics on the genesis of the social sciences and to define the current use of social physics in the scientific discourse on big data related to crowd behaviors the general hypothesis is that physical narratives and notions such as force resistance balance and average have played a crucial role in shaping the concepts we use to think of society since the rise of the sociological thought in the 19th century and that in reconstructing the genealogy of the social sciences the reference to natural sciences cannot be limited to the biological frameworkthe goal is to provide new insights into the conceptual paradigms that have been underpinning democratic governance in modern and contemporary societies thus raising awareness about the rationale of increasingly databased patterns in social policies the social physics paradigm has not yet been analysed in depth through a politicalphilosophical perspective capable of showing the internal logic and history of the concepts employed additionally an analysis of the links between physicsrelated notions and political and social concepts in the 19th century is still to be outlined moreover there is still no historical conceptual and philosophicalpolitical study focusing on the origins of social physics as it is understood and structured todaysophy will use a methodology resulting from an original combination of the tradition of begriffsgeschichte foucauldian discourse analysis historical epistemology and history of social concepts this methodology will allow to analyse the historical semantics of concepts emphasizing their contingency and their cultural and social constructed nature while defining at the same time the epistemic structure in which they are produced and used
adaptation to climate change in developing countries

the fast pace at which the earth climate is changing is one of the major challenges of our time rising temperatures are expected to reduce agricultural productivity in developing countries which face uncertain adaptation paths the theoretical literature highlights two potential adjustment mechanisms the reallocation of economic activity towards nonagricultural sectors or towards colder regions in the first case lower agricultural productivity generates a shift in comparative advantage towards nonagricultural sectors and a reallocation of workers from agriculture towards manufacturing and services however this path might not be feasible for regions with low manufacturing productivity in this second case the lack of local employment opportunities can lead to migration towards other areas there is a rich theoretical and quantitative literature studying the relative importance of each margin of adjustment however these predictions are subject to a large level of uncertainty due to the lack of direct empirical evidence in particular we lack evidence on how labor and capital market frictions shape the adjustment to climate change we are now in the position to produce this evidence the last decade has been unusually hot leading to many persistent extreme weather events in tropical countries which triggered adaptation responses in this project we use newly digitized administrative reports on extreme weather events occurred in brazil during the last two decades a new meteorological measure of excess dryness relative to historical averages and detailed social security and credit registry data to estimate the effects of climate change on i the local economy of affected areas ii the magnitude of the labor and capital flows it generates and iii factor allocation across sectors and firms in destination regions
center of excellence in advanced pharmaceutical technologies

masaryk university mu is the secondlargest university in the czech republic located in brno thanks to the esif funding mu was able to acquire top research infrastructure attracting talented researchers who gradually built the position of the mu as the top regional hub for education research and innovationto further exploit this potential the management structures and processes of the university must thoroughly implement the european research area era priorities as an outstanding researcherinnovator can have a decisive and positive impact on the culture and performance of any institution mu will recruit a worldclass research manager as an era chair for its newlyestablished faculty of pharmacythe faculty of pharmacy muni pharm is besides others focused on the development of advanced drug formulations and molecular biology techniques the era chair will intensify the research and development of advanced drug formulation and nanotechnologies to open new opportunities to intensify muni pharm research capacities in the field of pharmacy and develop strategic partnerships with the application sphere and public sector for faster translation of the advanced drugs into clinicsthe recruitment of leading scientist will enforce the connection of the muni pharm to research structures of mu and the era chair will make a bridge in the formation of unique education and research facility at one place titled muni biopharma hub supported from national recovery plan part of rrf recovery and resilience facility nextgeneration euto solve the targeted delivery and transportation of nucleic acids into target cell environment the muni pharm will establish an interdisciplinary center of excellence pharma center of excellence in advanced technology with prof david oupick as its leader the creation of an international era chair team will ensure a successful establishment of the center combining excellent research high level education and top innovations
establishment of a framework for transforming current epes into a more resilient reliable and secure system all over its value chain

prompted by the need to comply with environmental and societal concerns electrical power and energy systems are undergoing an unprecedented transformation demanding urgent upgrades to make them more reliable resilient and secure modernization of current grids will greatly reduce the frequency and duration of power blackouts diminish the impact of disruptive events and restore service faster when outages occur creating broad benefits to society and economy efort approach will enable the further upgrading of the energy grid without affecting the security of supply and increasing their reliability and resiliency against extreme weather events manmade hazards and equipment failures efort addresses this complex challenge by gathering a consortium of 24 partners from 10 eu countries that provides the needed expertise the project will put in place a set of solutions at the cyber and physical layers for detecting preventing and mitigating vulnerabilities and threats among them an interoperable intelligent platform will set a common foundation for grid characterization and vulnerability overseeing as well as gather information from smart grid components and apply heavyduty algorithms whereas asset management developments will strengthen grid infrastructure robustness which will be empowered by the addressed digital technologies all these elements will be validated in relevant environments coming from 4 demo cases covering the whole grid value chain i a transmission network the netherlands ii a remote distribution grid italy iii a digital substation in ukraine and iv a microgrid in spain moreover efort relies on several horizontal actions aiming at empowering epes players by establishing a common regulatory and standardisation framework performing technical and costbenefit analysis and evaluating new related business models and replication potential in the pathway towards a more sustainable energy system
are you experienced an exploration into the functions and value of consciousness

why would we do anything at all if the doing was not doing something to us in other words what is consciousness good for here reversing classical views according to which subjective experience is a mere epiphenomenon that affords no functional advantage i propose that the core function of phenomenal experience is to enable subjectlevel valuation what it feels like is endowed with intrinsic value thus i argue that it is only in virtue of the fact that conscious agents experience things and care about those experiences that they are motivated to act in certain ways and that they prefer some states of affairs vs others conscious experience functions as a mental currency of sorts that makes it possible for agents to compare vastly different states of affairs in a common subjectcentred mental quality space a feature that explains that consciousness is unified while my previous work was focused on the how question of consciousness here i propose to focus on the even more challenging question of the why of consciousness experience will address this issue by pursuing a rich interdisciplinary program rooted in integrative philosophy of mind and in innovative cognitive neuroscience methods applied to the interactions between affect and consciousness in perception and action the project is articulated over four work packages each addressing a specific claim 1 subjective experience has intrinsic value 2 the phenomenal field is valenced 3 all intentional action is motivated by subjective experience 4 subjective experience has functional effects experience is highrisk for the function of subjective experience is largely unexplored territory and highgain for it promises to question entrenched distinctions and to move the scientific approach of conscious a step closer to what we all know that subjective experience matters in fact in many respects it is the only thing that matters as without it life would simply not be worth living
engineering and structure of transient ionotropic glutamate receptor complexes

all aspects of brain function rely on the interplay between networks of functionally related neuronal cells these cells are connected by synapses which are specialized cellular compartments dedicated to rapid electrical and chemical signalling excitatory neurotransmission in the vertebrate central nervous system cns is largely mediated by the ionotropic glutamate receptors iglurs these postsynaptic receptors conduct cations into the cell in response to binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate released from presynaptic vesicles accumulation and positioning of iglurs at neuronal synapses are crucial for enabling correct neurotransmission while it is known that extracellular scaffolding proteins esps interact with iglurs to stabilize these receptors at synapses the transient lowaffinity nature of these protein interactions has so far precluded complex structure determination and therefore a precise mechanistic understanding of their function the aim of this proposal is to implement stateoftheart techniques of protein engineering to stabilise igluresp interactions for structure determination by affinity maturation of their interaction interfaces i will focus on two wellestablished complexes cerebellinglutamate receptor delta cblnglud and neuronal pentraxinampa receptor npampar structural insights into the fulllength synapsespanning cblnglud and npampar interactions will elucidate how clustering and transsynaptic anchoring of iglurs contribute to synaptic transmission as well as pave the way for the design of engineered synaptic organizer proteins capable of remodelling synapses during this project i will gain experience in protein engineering which will allow me to establish a career as an independent scientist with a focus on tackling complex structural biology problems with translational applications
revealing an active mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in fungi

current theory asserts that eukaryotic evolution is almost exclusively mediated through vertical transmission from parent to offspring and relegates horizontal gene transfer hgt the movement of genes between individuals to an extraordinarily rare event in recent years mounting evidence from highquality genome sequencing has forced the field to consider that hgt is likely a persistent occurrence in eukaryotic evolution however as no active mechanism for hgt is known in eukaryotes the evolutionary origin of these genes remains almost entirely a mystery a potential vector of hgt in eukaryotes are transposable elements tes parasitic genetic sequences that can replicate independently of their host genome recently i discovered a novel group of tes that are common in filamentous fungi which i named starships these elements are massive reaching sizes over 500 kb and carry an extreme diversity of genetic cargo some with adaptive functions such as plant pathogenicity furthermore evidence suggests that many starships have undergone hgt among a diverse set of lineages thus i propose that the starships represent the first known mechanism of active hgt among eukaryotes i will examine this role by developing a tractable model system in which to observe hgt under laboratory conditions this will be done by investigating the basic biology of starship transposition in a model fungus with the use of transposon assays that we have recently developed and used to prove that the staships are mobile we will use this knowledge to design and create donor strains which we can pair with any recipient strain of fungus to monitor for hgt lastly we will determine if fungi utilize the movement of the starships to adapt to their environment by assaying the impact of a starship on the fitness of a plant pathogenic fungus this work will demonstrate that hgt is an active and ongoing process in eukaryotic evolution dramatically reshaping our current views
neoauthoritarianisms in europe and the liberal democratic response

to protect the future of liberal democracy in europe we must first understand its challengers authlib is a multidisciplinary project that aims to explore the varieties of neoauthoritarian illiberal ideologies in europe their social psychological and historical causes their organisational background and their political implications the study aims to capture the dynamics of ideological change in the european union as a whole but it will particularly focus on poland france italy hungary czechia the united kingdom and austria we will map ideological configurations by analysing textual data and social media and by organising surveys of citizens and experts the mapping of ideological structures will be complemented by a study of emotional triggers and rhetorical strategies pursued by illiberal actors the contemporary ideological configurations of illiberalism will be embedded within their historicalcultural context and the study of ideas and preferences will be supplemented by investigation of illiberalism in power and the cooperation of illiberal political actors to develop interventions that effectively target these new challenges authlib will define the normative limits for actions that democracies may take in their own defence in order to identify the mechanisms behind the support of illiberalism and the susceptibility of citizens towards changing their attitudes we will conduct laboratory and online panelbased survey experiments finally in order to observe how ideological and emotional stimuli work in cooperative settings we will set up deliberative fora involving both ordinary citizens ideological opponents and individuals responsible for educating future generations and operating the intricate procedures of liberal democracy the research will provide policymakers with a comprehensive toolbox to improve support for liberal democracy
singlemolecule visualization of temperature adaptation in subcellular dynamics and organization across bacteria

most microorganisms lack homeothermic regulation which subjects them to unpredictable fluctuations in environmental temperature nevertheless many bacteria and archaea can grow across a large range of up to 40c most biochemical reactions in bacteria occur in the highly crowded cytoplasm constituting a complex and dynamic interaction network of a cell temperature affects the rate of both intra and intermolecular reactions and largescale perturbations by temperature could be disastrous to cellular function homeostasis and subcellular organization it is still largely unknown how temperature affects the properties of the cytoplasm and what the consequences to cellular processes are the driving hypothesis of this project is that bacteria can actively modulate their cytoplasmic state to avoid the detrimental effects of temperature fluctuationsto test this i have established cuttingedge superresolution singlemolecule tracking tools to directly observe molecule dynamics in live bacteria in real time first we will quantify the diffusion and activity of macromolecules and other probes as a function of temperature to uncover the changes in the cytoplasmic state second we will probe different bacteria growing at temperatures from 0c up to 100c to characterize evolutionary differences in the cytoplasmic dynamics and temperature scaling of reaction rates finally we will uncover mechanisms by which bacteria obtain different cytoplasmic properties overall these approaches will reveal how the cytoplasmic state in bacteria changes with temperature and how this contributes to the cellular processes which has significant implications on how microorganisms adapt to temperatures and what are the limits of cellular life
operando interfacial ionics

electrochemistry provides direct control over the electron free energy and thus a path to electrically probe and drive chemical reactions in strong contrast no versatile technique exists that controls the free energy of a specific ion directly and in isolation this has led to poor understanding of interfacial ionics take for example water dissociation which is of key relevance for many energy technologies such as for producing green h2 in alkaline conditions or bipolar membranes bpms that generate acid and base using renewable electricity in electrodialysis bpms are unique because they isolate water dissociation spatially at a junction between two electricallyisolating but ionicallyconducting polymers however macroscopic bpms do not provide xyz resolution these geometric constraints limit our scientific understanding about the fundamental underpinnings of wd it is not still clearly understood what causes the kinetic barriers of wd at heterogeneous interfaces let alone the influence of the catalysts surface structures or local electrostaticsin orion i want to scale down the ionselective contacts of the bpm and develop ionomer pipette microscopy by forming and controlling a microscopic bpm junction we will resolve and study wd activity as a function of crystal facets metal oxide clusters and biasdependent surface speciation in general water dissociation serves us as ionic test reaction to study the impact and link between local electrostatics and local acidbase chemistry which is fundamentally important for interfacial ionics in general more broadly developing a tabletop setup to control the free energy of specific ions with microscopic precision could have tremendous impact across the disciplines example include interfacial ion transport in solidstate electrochemical systems dehydrogenation in organic chemistry and enzyme function proton gradients and action potentials in biochemistry
6g terahertz communications for future heterogeneous wireless network

with the fast development of electronic devices and computing technologies various emerging applications eg big data analysis artificial intelligence and 3dimensional 3d media internet of things etc have been entering our society with significant amounts of data traffic while mobile networks are already indispensable to our society for anywhere anytime connection one main characteristic of future mobile networks ie b5g beyond 5g is the very huge amount of data which requires very high throughput per devices multiple gbps up to tera bps tbps and multiple tbps per area efficiency tbpskm2 though some disrupting 5g technologies may provide a few gbps service it is still not able to achieve hundreds of gbps or tbps rates in the near future the peak rate of mobile communication networks is expected to reach hundreds of gbps or even tbps rates which requires either very high spectrum efficiency eg much higher than 10 bitsshz in millimetre wave bands or very large bandwidth eg more than 20ghz while the former is very challenging the latter can be achieved in thz bands roughly 100ghz to 10thz the design of ubiquitous access with very high rates in mobile and heterogeneous network hetnet environments is the key to the development of future mobile networks and so the objective of this collaborative 6gterafit is to create a knowledge transfer between the researchers and the engineers who will contribute to the design and implementation of future b5g ultrafast networks and create the pedestal for them to become potential leaders in the resulting scientific technological and industrial fieldsthis project is committed to creating an excellent educational training platform that is multidisciplinary and intersectoral in nature
combined spatialtemporal models and decadal climate predictions for tuna fisheries

tuna a cornerstone of global fisheries representing 10 of marine catches and sustaining numerous jobs confronts pressing challenges from overfishing and climate change to address these issues comprehensively our proposal outlines a threefold strategy 1 advanced spatial modeling we will employ bayesian spatial models specifically inla integrated nested laplace approximation to predict tuna catch and price dynamics while considering vital environmental factors this approach will unveil intricate relationships between catch prices and environmental variables providing a deeper understanding of the complex interplay 2 climatebased predictions building upon the insights gained from our spatial models we will integrate predictions from the norwegian climate prediction model norcpm this integration will allow us to provide skillful forecasts for tuna catch and price fluctuations over the next decade these forecasts are invaluable for anticipating and responding to dynamic changes in the tuna industry enhancing its resilience 3 userfriendly web application in collaboration with experts from ices international council for the exploration of the sea and the norwegian imr institute of marine research we will develop a userfriendly web application by developing this tool we aim to make our scientific insights accessible to a wide audience including researchers managers and policymakers this project not only enhances our understanding of tuna fisheries and climate vulnerabilities but also empowers coastal communities supports sustainability and aligns with the sustainable development goals our commitment to openscience practices ensures lasting impact through readily available project code and results