Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
extreme ultraviolet ptychographic microscopy

this project extreme ultraviolet ptychographic microscopy xuvpm aims at improving the robustness and resolution of multispectral extreme ultraviolet xuv ptychography by realizing novel types of high divergence structured illumination in xuv spectral range in this microscope twocolor generation of highorder harmonics from an industrial grade femtosecond laser will be employed to create structured illumination with controllable degree of orbital angular momentum oam to be combined with ptychography the highrepetition rate and highaverage power femtosecond laser source will be temporally compressed with pulse postcompression and then split into two beams the weaker beam is used to generate the second harmonic in a nonlinear crystal this forms a twocolor interferometer where each arm contains a spatial light modulator slm to individually imprint oam into each beam both beams are directed and focused into a noble gas jet in a noncollinear scheme to obtain highorder harmonics with controllable oam the oamhhg beam consisting of multiple harmonic orders is focused onto the sample by two toroidal mirrors in wolter configuration the sample is scanned transversely and at each scan position a ccd camera records the diffraction pattern the generated xuv radiation will be optimized for its divergence and spatial properties where the oam can be controlled by the settings of the individual slms for the two generating colorsthe fundamental research on the described illumination technique will offer a chance to investigate the resolution limit of tabletop xuv microscopy which further can address imaging science challenges associated with eg the fabrication synthesis and integration of nextgeneration quantum and semiconductor devices the work is supported by two experienced supervisors from complementary fields covering the whole spectrum of the proposed project
the malignant glioma immunooncology matchmaker towards datadriven precision medicine using spatially resolved radiomultiomics

adult and paediatric malignant glioma gbm and phgg remain among the most difficulttotreat cancers with 5year survival rates of 5 despite intensive standardofcare therapy the differences among patients and the heterogeneous and plastic nature of each individual tumour have resulted in all therapeutic clinical trials failing during the past 20 years recently immunotherapy has been showing great promise but only in subsets of patients identifying those patients cannot be done a priori as biomarkers are still largely missing nor are we able to followup on therapeutic efficacy when patients get treated the gliomatch project aims at improving the clinical outcome of gbmphgg patients by enabling immunologybased patient stratification to empower personalised matching of appropriate immunotherapy while improving followup of clinical responses to existingnovel therapeutics this will be achieved by integrating spatially resolved multilayered tissue maps using integrated singlecell multiomics with noninvasive mri images this integration will fuel into a novel mri radiomultiomics hub that will be made available to clinical professionals through which they can perform tumourhost based patient stratification and personalised therapy matching while interpreting longitudinal followup and treatment efficacy the proposed datadriven models will be developed by analysing the largest cohort of immunooncology io treated gbmphgg patients n300 including prepost treatment samples with matched controls n300 and exceptionally longterm surviving gbm patients n140 in which various tumourhost niches will be studied in how they respond to io perturbations and lead to improved clinical outcome this will be empowered by deploying an uncancompatible data lake to which incremental data collection will be used to further refine the machine learning models while proposing novel treatment options this action is part of the cancer mission cluster of projects on understanding tumourhost interactions
how european big cities and legal systems trigger urban inequality an inquiry into law and economics

habitat is based on a groundbreaking research hypothesis gbrh socioeconomic inequality in major european cities is largely due to a history of regulatory failures of urban legal systems urban legal systems have played a central causal role in concentrating wealth and conversely they have failed as much as the economic system in protecting vulnerable residents from growing socioeconomic inequality in major eu cities to test this gbrh the principal investigator pi and his team address the main forms of urban inequality from a law and economics perspective habitat measures the impact of laws and judicial decisions that by hypothesis have triggered urban inequalities european urban legal systems made middle and bottom deciles underprivileged minorities migrants and women worse habitat tests this gbrh through a case study approach considering berlin london milan and paris the pi proposes unprecedented and unique legal research grounded on rigorous data analysis and a robust cuttingedge methodology that combines a the evolutionary analysis of legal orders with a focus on the legal determinants of the built environment b the comparative analysis of the common core of urban legal systems c a regulatory impact assessment through econometrics statistics and data analysis d an evidence and process based normative model for the design of just cities from a legal and conceptual perspective tested through scenario analysis
active mobility innovations for green and safe city solutions

to reach carbon neutrality cities must adopt new more adapted energy models for urban mobility relying on zeroemission and active mobility modes the uptake of sustainable mobility solutions relies on their inclusivity affordability and safety as well as their consistency with users needs through cocreation activities and innovative digital tools the amigos project will identify present and future mobility challenges for 5 cities living labs and 10 urban areas safety improvement areas the digital tools include a mobility observation box and an application for the collection of new mobility data which will feed a big data platform for their analysis and digital twins to visualize mobility scenarios they will allow urban stakeholders to identify mobility challenges and will serve as a basis for the codevelopment of adapted mobility solutions towards reducing traffic increasing public and active mobility modes improving safety and cohabitation between different mobilities for the 5 cities and towards increased safety for the 10 urban areas therefore key stakeholders such as public authorities and vulnerable users will be included in the definition of technological and policy solutions mobility solutions which will be implemented in the cities their environmental safety economic and social impacts will be assessed in addition to their medium and longterm impact and their replicability in view of their implementation in 5 twin cities
machine learning algorithm pipeline for endothelial damage detection and adverse outcome prediction

endothelial cells form the lining of the blood vessels of the entire vascular system from the heart to the smallest capillary regulating vascular tone immune response and exchange of materials in and out the blood stream among others endothelial damage has been observed in the early stages of most cardiovascular diseases atherosclerosis or in patients with iflammatory and infectious diseases eg covid19 septic shock typically endothelial damage is measured by means of blood test analysis and provocative tests either invasive performed by using pharmacological agents or noninvasive such as flow mediated dilation that on the other hand suffer from high operatorindependency and noautomatization this proposal revolves around the design development and validation of a supervised machine learning algorithm ml to evaluate endothelial damage and predict adverse outcome in critically ill patients in the icu the ml pipeline will use as input data the one from the horizon 2020 project vascovid clinical validation these data comprises of physiologically relevant variables that can be measured noninvasively with a completely automatized platform this smart platform combines diffuse optics and an automatized tourniquet for performing a reactive test on peripheral muscle thenar muscle by means of this device it is possible to access in an accurate and robust way information about early impairment in perfusion metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and microvascular functionality and tissue capability of locally regulate the blood flow these variables bring an important physiological insight concerning the interpretability of machine learning algorithm from the clinical community who does not fully trust this approaches
ribosome heterogeneity as a determinant of cellular identity in hematopoiesis and leukemia

differentiation and acquisition of cell identity are fundamental processes in multicellular organisms it is well established that chromatin and rna mechanisms regulate cell fate determination mounting evidence from our lab and others however suggests that translation is an additional until now underappreciated determinant of cell fate the importance of translation to differentiation can be gleaned from the hematopoietic system where a prominent feature of human congenital syndromes due to mutated ribosomes is aberrant blood production crucially these mutations lead to distinct celltypespecific differentiation defects rather than systemic failure it remains unclear how congenital totalbody ribosomal mutations only affect particular differentiation paths and manifest in a celltypespecific fashion we hypothesize that celltypespecific ribosomal compositionie ribosome heterogeneityresults in celltypespecific translation profiles and therefore represents a crucial layer of gene regulation in cellfate and differentiation we will explore this hypothesis by pursuing three complementary objectives 1 systematically map ribosome heterogeneity and reveal its function in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia 2 determine how ribosome heterogeneity controls celltypespecific translatomes and contributes to cellular transformation and 3 explore ribosome heterogeneity at singlecell resolution using novel methodologies we will develop for simultaneous transcription and translatome interrogation by combining cuttingedge sequencing techniques with extensive genetic manipulations in physiological settings we will reveal celltypespecific translation controlled by celltypespecific ribosomes as major regulators of cell fate in health and disease understanding the mechanisms of celltypespecific translation will provide a new paradigm for elucidating gene expression regulation and for revealing new mechanisms for human diseases
ultrafast topological engineering of quantum materials

topological phases of matter emerge from the interplay between broken symmetries and manybody physics and exhibit many fascinating quantum phenomena ultrafast switching between different topological phases using light pulses holds the promise for disruptive optoelectronic functionalities like dissipationless and faulttolerant logical operations however the lack of proper observable being simultaneously sensitive to the local in momentumspace topology of the band structure and compatible with timeresolved measurements prevents the realtime monitoring of ultrafast nonequilibrium topological phase transitions i will address this fundamental challenge by introducing innovative control and measurement methodologies using tailored light pulses in time angle and polarizationresolved extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy this approach will enable to follow the ultrafast evolution of the electronic band structures local topology in photoexcited quantum materials this will represent a major advance in photoemission spectroscopy by moving from band structure mapping to accessing the dynamical evolution of the bloch wavefunction of solidsi will use these novel time and quantumstateresolved dichroic observables to investigate the rich nonequilibrium physics underlying ultrafast topological phase transitions occurring on various timescales following impulsive optical excitation using shaped pump pulses i during the formation of hybrid lightmatter floquetbloch states ii upon the transient modification of electronic correlations and iii following the excitation of coherent phonon modes utopiq will deliver a dramatically improved understanding of the interplay between the nonequilibrium behaviour and nontrivial topology in photoexcited quantum materials while further representing a decisive step towards the development of the field of ultrafast on demand topology
artcast4d unleashing creativity

advances in immersive technology are an important driver of the experience economy enhancing the breadth depth and intensity of the visiting experience at arts and cultural institutions yet they usually are neither readily available nor broadly accessible first they require specific developments that can hardly be carried out by most institutions second the inherent affordance of immersive propositions is questioned by the currently evolving world health situation the objective of the artcast4d project is to develop a technological framework and tools that will unleash the potential of eu ccis for designing and developing costeffective noninvasive immersive and interactive users experiences using both academic and industrial approaches it relies on theoretical and experimental research open source software and hardware development together with challenging case studies and onsite beta testing implementations the innovation lies in the ability to create immersive environments in open spaces with minimally intrusive projection technology on the capability to design interactive applications with crowd movement and sensing capabilities and on the open source availability and ability to extend the solutions artcast4d will technically and financially promote the implementation of the technology outside the cultural institutions implementing 4 pilots in cities around the world issylesmoulineaux hounslow valencia athens each one with different artistic topics and experiences and bringing together creative actors and industrial partners with the civil society all pilots will include training workshops and open training modules will be designed for developers and artists the projects outcomes will also help to derive policy guidelines on how to strengthen the competitiveness and innovation potential of ccis on national level and eulevel
centre of excellence for precision medicine in pediatric care

the vision of the pmpc centre of excellence for precision medicine in pediatric care project is to position the childrens clinical university hospital ccuh in latvia at the leadingedge of pediatric precision medicine research and care in europe precision medicine has proven its potential to revolutionize healthcare by tailoring treatments to individual patients based on their unique genetic makeup environment and lifestyle factors while it has shown promise and delivers results in adult populations its potential in pediatric care is largely untapped our goal is to improve pediatric patient care and outcomes by establishing a new research centre of excellence coe at ccuhs campus for research on and adoption of innovative precision medicine approaches in an integrated and collaborative research innovationcareeducation rice environment to this end ccuh will teamup with europes leading institute in pediatric precision medicine the princess maxima center the netherlands maxima has an extensive precision medicine program and uses advanced translational research and treatment expertise in many areas including cart cell therapies and pediatric clinical trials the coe will provide an environment for transdisciplinary team science with international visibility in the field of pediatric precision medicine the center will leverage the latest advances in genomics cell therapies data science and computational biologyccuh has secured 20 million eur from private donors as a complementary part of funding together with the horizon europe grant the valuable knowledgetechnology transfer and active collaboration with the maxima team pmpcs unique value will be brought forward resulting in benefits for patients their caregivers researchers healthcare professionals and society it will strengthen ccuhs scientific and technological capacity in precision medicine enabling it to attain a competitive position in this promising field
arithmetic of curves and jacobians

the study of the arithmetic of curves is as old as mathematics itself and takes on many forms in some cases such as fermats last theorem or mazurs torsion theorem one tries to prove that a sequence of curves with growing genus has no interesting rational points in other cases such as the study of rational points in families of elliptic curves there is no way to classify all solutions but one tries to understand what is happening on average a third approach aims to link the existence of rational points on a given curve to the preponderance of points on the curve modulo larger and larger prime numbers this is the idea behind the birch and swinnertondyer conjecture and its generalization the beilinsonbloch conjecture the proposed research makes progress in each of the three paradigms above in corresponding order we propose a mazurtype theorem for a family of unitary shimura curves by exploiting the jacquetlanglands correspondence and a connection with prym varieties a special case of this result would give a classification of torsion points in a family of genus three bielliptic jacobians second we propose an approach to the poonenrains heuristics for elliptic curves by combining twisting methods with bhargavas geometryofnumbers methods for universal families using similar methods we aim to show that hilberts tenth problem has a negative answer over every number field third we study certain instances of the beilinsonbloch conjecture for the degree 3 motive of the jacobian of a curve with complex multiplication the strategy involves the construction of an euler system composed of cm ceresa cycles related work will explore torsion and infinite generation phenomena for ceresa cycles as well
projectionbased control a novel paradigm for highperformance systems

the field of control has been a key driver for major societal innovations in health mobility energy and manufacturing at present technological trends push the performance requirements for future applications to extreme levels that are far beyond current control solutions existing linear controllers for linear systems are supported by userfriendly time and frequencydomain design tools yet they lack the flexibility to overcome fundamental performance tradeoffs full nonlinear control structures provide the desirable flexibility but they lack comprehensive frequencydomain design techniques these observations indicate a lack of flexible control structures accompanied by systematic design and online optimization frameworks exploiting time and frequencydomain information to realize the unparalleled performance needs of future engineering systems in proacthis i will bridge this scientific gap by creating a new control paradigm based on projection operators by introducing projections in control loops specific signals are kept in wellchosen constraint sets inducing direct performanceenhancing benefits i foresee that the mathematical structure of these projectionbased controllers enables fundamental properties that were instrumental in the success of linear control and will be key to obtain effective design frameworks for this new class of hybrid controllers developing projectionbased control theory has high risks as even the mathematical formalization of these control schemes leads to a new class of dynamical systems never studied before this scientific challenge calls for leveraging powerful multidisciplinary methodologies from hybrid systems control engineering networked systems learning and mathematics successfully developing this new system theory will pave the way towards gamechanging cuttingedge control methodologies addressing the needs of future engineering systems thereby enabling new breakthroughs in important societal domains
reactions in microdroplets accelerated by plasma

chemical reactions are normally conducted in bulk solution in some cases the rate of such bulk reactions is quite slow limiting the throughput of a synthetic route in recent years a novel field of research based on microdroplet chemistry is emerging as an analytical tool for reaction monitoring as well as a mean for accelerating chemical reactions by using droplet chemistry reaction rates can be increased by several orders of magnitude compared to the bulk counterpart it is therefore beneficial to systematically investigate the reactivity of microdroplets and to understand the role of the underlying mechanism and individual parameters that can influence their reactivity eg ph temperature concentration and surface effects a better fundamental knowledge will make microdroplet reactions faster and allow for novel approaches to be developed the goal of my research proposal is to achieve a broader fundamental understanding of microdroplet chemistry and use this knowledge to investigate the novel field of plasmamicrodroplets interaction which is expected to open the doors for a completely novel chemical reactivity the highly reactive species generated by plasmas will be allowed to react with the highly reactive surface of microdroplets the possible outcome is a substantial increase in reactivity promoting reaction pathways normally not significant in bulk or even droplets by exploiting the unexplored field of plasmadroplets interaction i plan to identify reaction pathways that can significantly increase reaction yields of high addedvalue compounds aiming at more sustainable efficient and competitive industrial synthetic processes and at the possible conversion of existing waste products into chemicals which could still be useful for our society
paradoxical activation of oncogenic signaling as a cancer treatment strategy

cancer cell homeostasis requires a balance between activated oncogenic pathways driving tumorigenesis and engagement of stressresponse programs to counteract the inherent toxicity of such aberrant signaling indeed emerging evidence suggests that hyperactivated oncogenic signaling can also be toxic to cancer cells indicating that cancer cells select optimal levels of oncogenic signaling rather than maximal levels i propose here a fundamentally different approach to the treatment of cancer based on deliberate hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling combined with perturbation of the activated stress responses to selectively kill cancer cells we will use drugs that further activate oncogenic signaling in cancer cells protein phosphatase 2a pp2a inhibitors gsk3 inhibitors pkc activators dusp inhibitors and study the associated toxicities using single cell omics technologies we will then use crispr and compound screens to identify the vulnerabilities of such drugtreated cells this will identify effective combination therapies using this paradoxical approach we have delivered initial proof of concept for this notion by demonstrating that hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling in colon cancer by small molecule inhibition of pp2a combined with inhibition of the mitotic kinase wee1 results in dramatic antitumor responses in vivo most strikingly we found that cancer cells develop resistance to this therapy through selective downregulation of oncogenic signaling to evade the stress imposed by hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling consequently resistance to this hyperactivation therapy was associated with both reduced oncogenic signaling and oncogenic traits in vivo here we aim to understand and exploit toxicities associated with paradoxical activation of oncogenic signaling using multiomics technologies study how cancer cells can develop tumor suppressive drug resistance and address the effects of this type of therapy on premalignant lesions