Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
detecting stress in earlyforming teeth advancing optimising and interpreting dental cortisol methods and data for archaeology

stress influences health and wellbeing throughout the human life course from prenatal to final stages however there are multiple methodological challenges to assessing past occurrences of stress in studies of living populations typical measures of stress only reflect recent experience in archaeological populations stress markers in skeletons are often challenging to interpret as they are nonspecific and indirect measures of stress cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced in response to stressors stimulating changes in multiple bodily systems therefore cortisol acts as a primary channel through which external stressors become internalised within the body although cortisol is commonly assessed in blood saliva and hair from living humans and animals as a sensitive indicator of recent stress experience new research has successfully detected cortisol in teeth from living and archaeological populations teeth begin development inutero providing a record of early life experience and also preserve well archaeologically overcoming some of the difficulties in retrospective analyses of stress further research is now needed to correlate variation in dental cortisol concentrations with stress experienceusing 200 earlyforming teeth from archaeological and living populations the aims of this project are 1 to validate the current methods for assessing dental cortisol 2 to assess potential sexbased differences in cortisol in primary teeth and 3 compare dental cortisol data with known episodes of stress in living individuals and plaguerelated mass graves in the st pöltendomplatz cemetery the emphasis on exploring cortisol embedded in teeth during prenatal and early life stages is due to the dramatic and enduring effects of maternal and earlylife stress on health and wellbeing throughout the life course this research has the potential to provide new ways to understand the skeletal embodiment of stress in past present and future populations
transnational sociology and concepts of social expertise in eastern europe 1970s2000s

within a broader vision of technocratic socialism in eastern europe expertled socialist modernization turned to social issues beginning in the 1960s existing scholarship on the development of sociology in different national contexts in the region shows that the discipline was accommodated as a technical but not critical source of social expertise both before and after 1989 going beyond this wellresearched national level the project transnational sociology and concepts of social expertise in eastern europe 1970s2000s transsocio asks how socialist sociologists were embedded in transnational epistemic networks regionally transregionally and internationally beginning in the 1970s and what their contribution was at the articulation of the main social issues of their time transsocio is an interdisciplinary intellectual history and digital humanities project which will produce a database of sociologists involved in collaborative research beyond their national context a corpus of machinereadable publications stemming from such involvement and a collection of twenty oral history interviews with sociologists from throughout the region who contributed to transnational social expertise on this basis and by combining dh methods social network and text analysis and intellectual history methods contextual analysis of concepts transsocio will map the transnational epistemic networks and the concepts of social expertise to which eastern european sociologists contributed and will explore their uses up to the early 2000s this is a history worth recovering as a counterpart to the current crisis of expertise in eastern europe as a genealogy of epistemic inequalities engendered by professional and conceptual integration in europe beyond the national level and as a resource for strengthening social expertise the public trust in science and visions of transnational social solidarity at a moment of renewed crisis due to pandemic war and economic austerity
quantum atom light interfaces in high density samples

light mediated dipoledipole dd interactions in high density samples constitutes an interesting source of complex physical phenomena ultracold atomic systems provide a unique platform to study such fundamental phenomena this project targets the systematic study of the light mediated dd interactions in yb atoms a twoelectron atom this remains a highly unexplored regime where even simulations for small atom numbers remain difficult a profound knowledge of the dd coupling mechanism can have severe implications in our understanding of atomlight quantum interactions in high density samples and can open the way to new and exciting possibilities in quantum simulation or quantum metrology we will study dd interactions in high spatial and optical density samples of yb our main goal is to understand line shifts for nearresonance probing light in the usual weak drive regime but also in the strong and pulsed operation regimes the expected line shifts will inevitably affect the atomic population dynamics which has implications in advanced metrological protocols rabiramsey spectroscopy currently used in stateoftheart optical atomic clocks understanding and harnessing dd interactions in such context can be a crucial step towards more precise and stable atomic sensors
fighting talk motivating violence in ancient judaism

this project entitled fighting talk motivating violence in ancient judaism will examine examples of prebattle speeches recorded in ancient jewish literature to determine how such speeches reflect forms of motivation to violence within judaism how such speeches draw from and respond to other literary templates and to further explore the relationship between literary representations of prebattle exhortations and their oral counterpartsthe principal goal of ftmvaj is to gather and analyse a comprehensive group of ancient jewish prebattle exhortations using appropriate methodological considerations including but not limited to linguistic analysis role of violence in the speech actions anticipated following the speech the identity of the speaker and audience both within the narrative and as a literary work and intertextuality additionally i will create a suitable framework for understanding these collected speeches and explicate common features these features will be further compared with greek and roman counterparts to examine the relationship between jewish and nonjewish examples of ancient prebattle speechthe projects goals will be measured by the following deliverables academic publications dissemination and communication activities the research is of significance to several academic fields and has importance for public understanding of differences in core motivations between ethnic and religious groups and furthermore any who employ biblical texts to incite collective violence ftmvaj also has significant contributions to make for modern contexts wherein holy texts are used to justify imagined and real violence
accessing hardtoreach areas with advanced and breakthrough innovation for reliable insitu characterization of a facility

the xsability project aims to develop advanced robotic solutions by embedding various types of sensors to address remaining challenges in dd as remote and mobile investigation of hardtoaccess areas and difficulttomeasure radionuclides characterization in innovative safe and costeffective ways the project innovations are related to nuclear instrumentation accurate and compact sensors their integration onto robotic platforms as well as datadriven through ia algorithms robot fleet management by considering accuracy compactness automation and costefficient aspectsto achieve this goal the consortium will develop all the necessary subcomponents the demonstration will be achieved by integrating all the xsability developments and testing mainly in indoor environment throughout use cases scenarios on real dd facilities to assess insitu performances and to acquire data in real experimental conditionsthe consortium behind xsability is a unique combination of crossfunctional experts from nuclear instrumentation robotic and artificial intelligence ai fields it consists of 8 partners from 7 eu countries including 4 rto cea ife vtt sck 2 sme caen fly 1 industrial company sigm and 1 association dev representative of the whole value chain workshops with stakeholders will be organized in order to guide the xsability consortium during the projects main stepsthe innovative solutions provided by the project will be exploited in dismantling decommissioning nuclear power plant monitoring maintenance market sensor and cbrne defense markets the enhanced knowledge generated will be disseminated to all these stakeholders according to the dec measures defined furthermore on the basis of the project demonstrations guidelines covering multirobot systems behaviour in indoor environment data collection protocols as well as best practice harmonization will be developed showing how to effectively deploy in real dd scenarios
low capillary number flow in phase change porous media permeability and liquid water capacity of snow

the effective hydraulic conductivity of snow is highly impacted by its microstructure introducing a variability of at least three orders of magnitude impacting seasonal flooding and glacier hydrology yet the mechanisms of unsaturated flow and the impact of local phase transitions have never been investigated at the pore scale this inhibits improving on the constitutive laws for larger scale models of snow hydrology using upscaling methods micro computer tomography is a very effective method for dry snow metamorphism but fails for wet snow because the transient flow and the accelerated change in microstructure cannot be resolved we propose nuclear magnetic resonance nmr methods in combination with latticeboltzmann simulations and porenetwork models to characterize water flow in snow applying these methods on unsaturated flow in snow we can resolve local saturation liquid water displacement probabilities and diffusion measures quantitatively measuring mechanisms of water transport these are essential for gauging modelling approaches of transport phenomena whilst nmr methods have been used extensively on saturated flow it has found limited application in unsaturated media and is poised for significant advances to target melt and percolation phenomena in snow we start with 3d printed porous media single pores and fully resolved snow geometries to refine the experimental setup and provide novel data for unsaturated flow in porous media assisted by latticeboltzmann simulations we can link porescale mechanisms to the nmr data the action will produce unique data sets on unsaturated flow as a function of capillary number in model porous media and snow this data will be used to calibrate dynamic pore network models aiming at quantifying the transient flow in snow this leads to a parameterization of effective hydraulic conductivity for a wide range of snow microstructures providing a new standard for models resolving water transport in snow
understanding spatial mobility from early life into adulthood

the lifelongmove project is the first of its kind to comprehensively and systematically examine spatial mobility from early age into adulthood ie lifelong mobilityresearch has only started to address the increasingly diverse and complex ways individuals engage in spatial mobility over the life course and in relation to the growing inequality of opportunity while backgrounds and circumstances in childhood shape life chances and outcomes in a later age the extent to which childhood mobility contributes to diversity in life paths and stratified outcomes in adulthood is largely unknownlifelongmove brings together and integrates bodies of research that study spatial mobility in childhood and in adulthood separately and provides new insight on the pathways resources and strategies that underlie lifelong mobility this insight will help formulate alternatives to the conventional explanations of spatial mobility patterns behaviours and stratified outcomes over the life courselifelongmove has three main innovative objectives i to document the diverse and complex pathways of lifelong mobility by examining longterm trajectories from early childhood into adulthood ii to establish whether and how childhood mobility influences spatial mobility over the life course and iii to document the impact of lifelong mobility on life conditions by focusing on socioeconomic family and health outcomes to address these objectives lifelongmove innovates by adopting a novel approach that recognizes the experiences and resources accumulated since an early age that underlie the rationales opportunities and restrictions for mobility behaviour and their associated outcomes in a later age lifelongmove breaks new ground by examining largescale longitudinal datasets from integrated administrative registers and panel surveys that recently enabled this study for a range of european contexts using a series of advanced quantitative methods
back to the future anticipatory synchronisation as a core mechanism for interarea brain communication

our brain processes multitudes of signals based on recurrent network activity involving feedforward and feedback interarea communication to funnel information efficiently between areas lowfrequency rhythmic neural activity patterns couple to each other it is an unresolved question how early sensory cortex sc can couple efficiently to both feedforward sensory information flow and feedback information flow arriving from higher order regions such as prefrontal cortex pfc since pfc and sensory input lack direct coupling and operate with their own temporal dynamics sc decouples from the sensory input when pfc couples to sc it is therefore not possible to achieve efficient multiarea coupling in currently proposed feedbackdriven coupling schemes in search of a mechanism to address this problem i resort to a dynamical systems process called anticipated synchronization as during as a receiving system pfc sends a copy of its own activity as delayed feedback to itself allowing this system to paradoxically anticipate the dynamics of the driving system sc during as information from pfc is sent back to sc arriving at the right time in the future while sc maintains sensory coupling my goal in the next 5 years is to provide evidence of interarea as coupling by creating a biophysical model of as empirically testing its predictions using ecog data psychophysics and eeg by validating the use of tacs to control coupling i will experimentally induce as in a new closedloop setup that stimulates pfc with its own delayed activity the proposed research will settle a critical theoretical debate on temporal coordination of interarea brain communication and will provide the computational basis for the hitherto unexplained excess of local feedback loops in the brain the findings will inform new closedloop treatment approaches and can improve biologicallyinspired artificial intelligent systems that currently disregard the exact timing of information flow
regulation of dna replication origins during normal development and tumorigenesis

the development of the human body starts from a single cell fertilized egg which divides about ten trillion times to form an adult human during every cell division the genome is duplicated with great accuracy by dna replication and distributed with one copy to each of the two daughter cells understanding how the cell regulates dna replication remains one of the most fundamental questions in biomedicine because up to twothirds of all cancers are caused by accumulation of errors during dna replication prereplicative complexes prercs serve as essential precursors for dna replication and their accurate levels are critical to alleviate genome instability associated with severe diseases including cancer indeed the overexpression of prercs has been reported at early stages of variety of cancers making them an attractive target for cancer therapy on the other hand programmed genetic instability is part of the normal mammalian development including heart cells the aim of this project is to map differences in the mechanisms that regulate pathological and physiological genetic instability an area that remains largely unexplored we will identify signaling pathways responsible for optimal levels of prercs and understand their contribution to genome instability during oncogeneinduced tumorigenesis and programmed polyploidy during cardiomyocytes maturation in normal mammalian development by combining physiologically relevant mammalian cellular models with stateoftheart crisprcas9 genome editing quantitative cell biology genomics and proteomics approaches we will address mechanism regulating accurate prerc formation and its role in physiological and oncogenic cellular transformation our findings will lay the foundations for the development of new anticancer drug targets and thereby expand therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer associated with misregulated prerc levels and poor prognosis
polymer probes for a visual prosthesis

approximately forty million people across the world are blind a condition with serious consequences for a persons autonomy restoration of visual function in blind individuals is an important scientific goal with large societal benefits in a large fraction of blind patients the connection between the eye and the brain has degenerated so that restoration of a rudimentary form of vision can only be achieved in pathways downstream from the retina like the visual cortex proviso tests the feasibility of a new approach for a cortical visual prosthesis by implanting flexible polymer electrodes into the visual cortex that can be stimulated electrically to create a rudimentary form of vision weak electrical currents applied to an electrode in the visual cortex induce an artificial percept of light called phosphene multiple phosphenes can be used to build up a shape just as the lights of a matrix board along the highway generate letters a promising approach to restore vision involves inserting tiny electrodes into the visual cortex close to the neurons so that weak currents result in phosphene perception there are two problems that need to be solved before the prosthesis can become a treatment for blind individuals the first problem is that the electrodes available for chronic implantation are made of silicon or metal which causes a tissue response gliosis causing the interface with the tissue to degrade after several months the second problem is coverage of the visual field in humans much of primary visual cortex v1 is not located on the surface of the brain but inside a sulcus making it difficult to access proviso will develop methods to implant flexible electrodes that cause little tissue damage and remain functional across longer time scales into the brain these electrodes will be implanted deep into several brain areas thereby providing a good coverage of the visual field
synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenides optimized for mrams

energy use in information and computation technology ict is growing unsustainably the pandemic has further accelerated this trend greenhouse gas emissions were lower in 2020 than in 2019 globally due to overall decreased economic activity but the increase in demand for digital connection translated in ict using 8 of the worlds electricity a figure that keeps rising yearly it is therefore imperative to reduce computing power consumptionaim of this project is the functionalization of 2d transition metal dichalcogenides tmds for their use as channel layers in spinorbit torque magnetic rams sotmrams compared to current eflash memories used in ict sotmrams require significantly lower operation voltage while having orders of magnitude higher endurance to improve the efficiency of sotmrams beyond the state of the art storm will develop methods to maximize the tmds valenceband spinorbit splitting a larger spinorbit splitting translates in a larger torque exerted on an adjacent ferromagnet thus reducing the current needed for the writing operation of the sotmram operation after optimizing the channel layer tmdferromagnet heterostructures will be realized and studied to reproduce the assembly at the heart of sotmramsimplemented at imdea nanociencia under the supervision of a vazquez de parga storm will allow the researcher to learn new materials growth mbe and analysis techniques srarpes interdisciplinary expertise will be developed during a secondment period at alba synchrotron under the supervision of p gargiani a collaboration with an industrial partner m drouard at antaios will strongly benefit the researchers intersectoral communication skills the exploitation and communication plan ensure impactful sharing of the results at multiple levelsthanks to the transfer of knowledge between researcher and the hosting groups storm is set to be a step towards the realization of lowpower technologically relevant devices
linguistic traces lowfrequency forms as evidence of language and population history

we know remarkably little about the early history that formed the known european languages and cultures while advances in genetics have led to new debates about population histories they cannot tell us about the languages spoken in the absence of written records language appears ephemeral changes through time seemingly erase all traces of earlier speech leaving only abstract protolanguages to be reconstructedsuch erasures are not however complete as language change always leaves behind a tail of residual forms very little research has dealt with the lowfrequency variation that forms part of all natural language even though it is known that residual forms are often resistant to change and may show stable geographical patterns this project explores the potential of such patterns to provide linguistic fingerprints allowing the reconstruction of much earlier linguistic configurations it also addresses the general question of lowfrequency variation as a carrier of meaning how can the systematic study of minor variants refine current views of linguistic variation and changewe will study the spread and interactions of linguistic and cultural groups in early england celtic scandinavian and west germanic through geographically coherent patterns of minority variants micropatterns in a set of historical purposebuilt text corpora such an approach has not been attempted before and is made possible by the combination of philological expertise and the development of corpus annotation methods based on deep learning technology the project is expected to lead to a breakthrough in the study of linguistic variation where smallscale patterning has largely been ignored linguistic traces combined with the findings of archaeology and genetics are expected to form a powerful means of reconstructing the past throwing light on past linguistic areas and interactions as well as on the maintenance of local and regional identities