Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
hidden in the noise transient details of nanoparticlecatalyzed reactions under challenging conditions

metal nanoparticlebased catalysts drive our chemical industry and will be an essential tool to shift away from fossilresources despite their exigence new catalysts are often still found by trial and error rather than designed rationally although recent fundamental studies from our own research and others yield important new insights there is a lack of methodology to investigate the subtle transient details missing in our understanding at the very high pressures that are often industrially relevant details such as reaction mechanisms or dynamic surface equilibria at more than 100 bar are evidently greatly relevant to rationally designing better catalysts yet have so far been outside of the realm of experimental characterization which hampers progress our key objective is to generate fundamental understanding of supported metal nanoparticle catalyst dynamics at work under relevant highpressure conditions up to 100 bar with a strong focus on studying the haberbosch reaction to achieve this we will utilize three recent developments we will 1 employ specially designed reactors where laminar flow standing wave stimulation will be used 2 perform hightime resolution resonantsurfaceenhanced infrared spectromicroscopy and spatially resolved quickxray absorption spectroscopy and 3 use our noise classification algorithm and further statistical data mining for quantification of surface site participation and dynamics in this way we will be able to differentiate important but miniscule reaction details from noise these novel methods will be combined to gain insight into dynamic active sites and equilibria that may exist at high pressure the new insights will shift our fundamental knowledge from static approximation to dynamic reality and will offer direction in a new path of activity design improvements dynamic site tailoring
carbonnegative compression dominant structures for decarbonized and deconstructable concrete buildings

carbcomn addresses a disruptive innovation in zerocarbon concrete loadbearing structures combination of columns beams slabs or walls by setting forth a new digital aec design paradigm that is fully compatible with concrete that uses co2 as raw material and is carbonnegative digital methodologies are exploited and developed to realise an innovative carbonneutral construction system implementing structural geometries that are compression dominant optimise the co2 sequestration capability and make use of demountable discrete blocks combined with system redundancy the latter will be assisted by the combined use of funicular shapes and posttensioning with shape memory alloys to handle the complex geometries in combination with a carbonnegative concretelike material an innovative digital pipeline is developed that incorporates for example computed tomography topology optimization and 3d construction using co2 sequestration to harden the concretelike material for widely used load bearing structures will reduce embodied greenhouse gas emissions in an unprecedented way the material design incorporating recycled materials and byproducts derived from other industrial processes eg slags and ashes will equally reduce raw material usage the intrinsic durability properties by introducing a system that is not susceptible to rebar corrosion and is deconstructable will achieve both long service life and circularity to further reduce the environmental impact of the built environment the overall superiority of the proposed system with respect to the current state of practice will be demonstrated through a full life cycle analysis throughout the carbcomn project compliance with relevant standards of building operational performance will be established and designers architects engineers will be enabled to use the novel design paradigm for inspiring buildings
shaping the future of flexible geothermal energy

flexgeo aims to develop innovative geothermal energy system designs for maximized systems performance and flexibility pathing the way for the market entry of commercial modular reversible orc systems will be together with advanced smart control strategies and operational tools the backbone of our concept the proposed keyinnovations will make geothermal systems more flexible more efficient more economically viable and adaptable for an implementation and market update across europe and beyond a modular rev 200 kwel orc unit with advanced control strategies and operational tool will be installed and demonstrated at a real district heating system at the tum campus in garching germany the firsttime demonstration of this innovative technology on a trl 7 level will directly path the way to its market entry after the project since due to the attractive modular approach the demonstrator already has the same capacity as the future commercial product furthermore innovative geothermal system designs considering high and lowtemperature underground thermal energy storage utes systems advanced closedloop systems ags and enhanced flexibility of district heating dh and district cooling dc networks dhcn are pathing the way to a broad spread of the flexgeo solutions across europe and the world resulting in largescale co2 emission reductions
permafrost pollution health

permafrost underlies 22 of the northern hemispheres exposed land surface and is thawing at an alarming rate as a direct consequence of climate change permafrost thaw releases large quantities of organic matter and contaminants into the environment contaminants including heavy metals persistent organic pollutants and microbiological agents locked in permafrost are a risk for both human and animal health in addition permafrost thaw dramatically impacts infrastructure in local communities with wideranging consequences for health economy and society yet the social physical and health components of permafrost thaw have traditionally been studied in isolation leading to inadequate policy options that ignore the holistic nature of the threat there is a need for an integrated and participatory approach to the complex issues at the overlap between climate change permafrost thaw infrastructure damage contaminants health and wellbeing and for solutions founded on the cultural natural and social frameworks of local communitiesilluq is an interdisciplinary project rooted in participatory research with local stake and rightsholders its mission is to tackle this need by providing the first holistic approach to permafrost thaw pollution one health and wellbeing in the arctic and delivering timely products on the risks from contaminant release infrastructure failure and ecosystem changes to stakeholdersilluqs endeavor is a direct answer to the pressing needs of communities on potentially disappearing permafrost it targets the missing link between studies performed by scientists engineers and consultants in local communities and solutions with local stake and rightsholders focusing on the longterm implications of decisionmaking in the context of permafrost thaw a time frame generally overlooked in existing governance frameworks
analysing frozen foraminifera by cryostage laicpms neogene co2 patterns cycles and climate sensitivity

knowledge of past concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide co2 has transformed our understanding of earths climate past present and future ice cores have yielded 800000 years of high resolution and high precision data revolutionising earth system science marine sediment records provide the opportunity for highly resolved records of ocean and past ocean ph and therefore ocean and atmosphere co2 content over millions of years by means of the 11bph proxy but present progress is currently hampered by large sample size requirements and intensive laboratory techniques limiting throughput and applicability innovation is therefore required to answer a number of key questions including how do spatial variations in ocean carbon flux cause natural climate variability and does climate sensitivity vary with background state by analysing small samples frozen into a blankfree ice puck forcry exploits the increased sensitivity of laser ablation 11b analysis to enable the next generation of past climate data to be recovered this novel approach allows analyses to be conducted on 20 individual plankton representing a 10fold reduction in sample size but while maintaining precision additionally this approach removes costly chemical purification steps and leads to higher throughput which makes highresolution co2 reconstructions using the 11bph proxy a viable option to augment and extend the ice core co2 records forcry has 4 objectives i to develop this novel technique and optimise the hardware for efficient data collection from carbonates and other archives ii to calibrate through culture and field sample collection the 11bph proxy in multiple species of foraminifera iii to map ocean ph change in four dimensions using a data inversion model and iv to reconstruct co2 change at high resolution over key past intervals eg midmiocene that are highly relevant to a warm future thus probing the state dependency of climate sensitivity
understanding and modifying cellfate transitions during plant grafting

the remarkable regenerative capacity of plants to join wounded tissues together through a process known as grafting has been extensively used in agriculture to combine the best properties of two different plants into a single plant although grafting has been practiced for thousands of years many agriculturally important plants are not possible to graft one of the major limitations that prevent us from improving grafting efficiency is our poor understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant regeneration when tissues are wounded and joined for grafting the differentiated cells near the wound site modify their identity and acquire a dedifferentiated fate these pluripotent cells then differentiate to form the missing cell types leading to tissue regeneration however it remains unknown how cells dedifferentiate in response to wounding and how they differentiate to heal tissues the major problem to be addressed in this project this gap in knowledge will be addressed by using multidisciplinary approaches that include my experience and skills in plant regeneration molecular genetics and advanced microscopy and the host labs expertise in plant grafting transcriptomics and genetics of various plant species the outcome of this research is expected to enhance the fundamental knowledge in cellfate transition and vascular regeneration and provide powerful tools for improving grafting in various plant species the project will allow me to be trained as an independent researcher in plant grafting and vascular regeneration at the same time the host lab will benefit from my expertise in plant regeneration and microscopy
brain mechanisms underlying mathematics and its acquisition

mathematics is a fundamental tool by which we understand the universe yet its cognitive and brain mechanisms are vastly understudied i propose a systematic study of the human representation of mathematical concepts and their growth with education the project will test the language of thought theory according to which humans share core concepts with other animals numbers objects shapes spatial maps but the growth of math relies on a human symbolic composition system that recursively recombines those concepts into arbitrarily more complex expressions work package wp 1 will generate maps of mathematical concepts in adults varying in education using highresolution singlesubject 7t fmri and meg the impact of education will be studied by testing concepts ranging from elementary to advanced and by comparing adults whose education varies from highschool to professional math blind and highfunctioning autism subjects will also be tested wp2 will focus on 5 concepts of central importance in math geometrical shape pattern set number line and graph for each we will map developmental change by acquiring behavioral and fmri data in adults and children the model predicts that concept acquisition can be modeled as a construction of increasingly complex mental expressions whose complexity is predicted by minimal description length mdl wp3 will map the brain changes during the acquisition of a math concept experiments will test the role of feedback repetition retrieval practice sleep conceptual diversity and age in facilitating behavioral and brain measures of conceptual change finally wp4 will examine whether artificial neural networks can capture the above results and investigate how these networks can be enhanced to achieve humanlike performanceoverall the results will shed light on how mathematical education changes the human brain and how conceptual change occurs thus paving the way to reallife educational applications in schools
intensity correlations for stars

the pioneering experiments of intensity correlations by hanburybrown and twiss more than 50 years ago not only allowed to measure the angular diameter of many bright stars but it also motivated roy glauber to develop his quantum formalism of photon statistics the advent of direct optical interferences of light collected by different telescopes developed in the beginning of the 70s with superior performances in terms of signal to noise ratio and correspondingly reduced required observation time put an end to these first attempts of intensity correlation imaging for astrophysics state of the art optical interference imaging is however limited by accessible baselines and the required mechanical precision for optical delay lines are limited in particular due to atmospheric fluctuations and at short wavelengths in ic4stars we will use modern photon counting techniques to perform quantum optics measurements and probe quantum systems in astrophysics a first target will be a quantum degenerate fermi gaz of electrons a white dwarf whose angular diameter is out of reach for direct optical imaging techniques a second goal will be the search for quantum sources of radiation by looking for random lasing in astrophysics to be detected by second order photon correlation
coherent steering of order via lattice resonances

discovering methods that facilitate ultrafast and minimallydissipative switching of spontaneous ordering represents one of the most prominent research directions in modern condensed matter physics in recent years breakthrough experiments have revealed that circularlypolarized femtosecond pulses in the visible spectral range can nonthermally perturb magnetization via the ultrafast inverse faraday effect however the associated pathway of energy flow from light to electrons to spins incurs substantial parasitic energy losses while simultaneously restricting the functional duration and amplitude of the spin stimulus to the highlylimited lifetime and strength of the photoexcited electrons aiming to unveil an alternative and potentially superior method for the selective switching of magnetic order this project will explore the possibility of manipulating and ultimately reversing magnetization using left or righthanded circularlypolarized optical phonons driven at resonance to coherently pump such phonons this project will exploit the intense and narrowband infrared light pulses delivered by freeelectron lasers the ensuing rotational motion of ions in a manner analogous to the ultrafast barnett effect is predicted to temporarily create a magnetic moment that could be sufficiently strong enough by virtue of the longer lifetime and nonlinear character of optical phonons to drive largeamplitude permanent reorientation of magnetization by constructing stateoftheart multicolor pumpprobe techniques operational in both stroboscopic and singleshot modes the existence character and universality of this neverseenbefore source for magnetic recording and processing of data will be discovered while the challenging and highrisk experiments proposed here explore largelyuncharted physics they could reveal a disruptive new tool that enables the highlyefficient ultrafast and directional switching of spontaneous order
phase separation in metallic glasses design phase stability and properties

in recent years much attention has been given to phase separated metallic glasses mgs which provide a unique opportunity for designing composites or alloys with hierarchical microstructure at different length scales the structure and physical properties of phase separated mgs have characteristics different from those of other mgs many theoretical efforts have been undertaken to understand the origin of phase separation in mgs yet the understanding of the mechanism is insufficientthis project aims to synthesize new mgs by alloying addition aiming to understand the genesis of phase separation the effect of alloying addition on phase separation and properties will be investigated such studies will help to understand the structure microstructureproperty corelations the results of these investigations will be used as a guideline to modify the synthesis process to accomplish the main objectives namely to obtain materials with desired properties novel glassynanocrystalline dualphase mgs with high toughness and ductility will be designed that will provide an important insight for industrial application in addition we will explore the possibility of fabricating nanoporous foams and nanofilters in mgs the nanoporous network structure in phase separating mgs has potential to be applied for many engineering applications the project will be conducted at erich schmid institute of materials science of the austrian academy of sciences esiöaw under prof jürgen eckerts supervision esiöaw has internationallyleading expertise in the associated areas and prof eckert is one of the worlds leading scientists in mgs and nanostructured materials based on the high reputation of the host and the strong track record of the applicant it is believed that this research will bring a significant impact for europe to have a leading position in science and for the host and applicant to have an excellent career development
the political culture of postimperial intervention the case of spain and the south american republics of the pacific 18331868

the project postempire will analyse the ideas and cultural representations that shaped the interventionist foreign policy deployed by the spanish monarchy in the republics of chile peru and ecuador during the elizabethan period 18331868 i will reconstruct the doctrinal developments of panhispanism free trade imperialism antirepublicanism and navalism to understand how they structured the political culture of postimperial interventionism legitimising and guiding spains attempts to establish a sphere of influence in its former possessions by studying a littleconsidered example of postimperial interventionism i aim to stimulate discussions at the academic and media levels that allow comparison with other analogous cases postempire will achieve the following research objectives ro1 to explain the geopolitical imaginaries that gave rise to spanish postimperial interventionism ro2 assess the weight that the examples of the british empire france and the united states had in the strategic culture of informal spanish imperialism ro 3 to gain access to an interdisciplinary training experience that will allow me to enrich my knowledge as a historian of europeanamerican relations with the perspectives of transpacific historiography political theory and socioconstructivist international relations theory ro 4 to contribute to elaborating an interdisciplinary theorisation of the dynamics that have characterised postimperial conflicts throughout contemporary history ro 5 to enrich general social knowledge about the dynamics that govern postimperial conflicts seeking to raise awareness among public decisionmakers and civil society of their importance for the strategic compass for the eu and european security and foreign policy
enzymatic co2 capture in a rotating packed bed and electrocatalytic co2 reduction to useful products

reuse proposes the development of an advanced co2 capture and utilization concept where a rotating packed bed rpb is used that employs immobilized carbonic anhydrase ca in combination with advanced solvents while the captured co2 is transformed into carbon monoxide co or formic acid fa in a co2 reduction co2r cell to deliver highquality flue gas to the rpbco2r system the team will consider several insitu strategies of particles abatement and process optimization design of experiments coupled with propagation of error combined with the synergetic effect of using biomass blends then the process employs a rpb where the used enzyme is immobilized in cellulosic fibers on the packing material of the rpb while a solvent is used to capture and transfer the co2 into a co2r cell the immobilized ca allows the enhancement of absorption kinetics while avoiding the need for an unregulated freeflowing suspension of ca and solvent the co2r cell employs novel electrocatalysts electrodeposition and plasma methods to produce fa and co which are chosen here as they necessitate a 2e transfer and are the only co2r products that can compete with conventional production processes reuse will prove its enhanced performance under relevant operating conditions by testing a an 80 kwth pilotscale fluidized bed unit enabling cogasificationcombustion runs as needed at multiple operating conditions b an rpb absorber with fiberimmobilized ca and c a co2r cell with advanced catalysts after validation of the single units a pilotscale fluidized bed combustion unit will be integrated with the rpb absorber and co2r cell for integrated system validation in a trl 5 pilot plant that will enable continuous operation reuse strategy includes life cycle and technoeconomic assessments as well as socioeconomic aspects including sdgs and impacts when applying such solutions in regions in transition from fossil fuels
nanoscale virus imaging xray microscope based on incoherent diffraction

coronavirus disease covid19 is an infectious disease that emerged in late 2019 by march 2020 the outbreak was declared a devastating pandemic and clearly illustrated the threat that viruses pose to our society the characterization of viral structures and the identification of key proteins involved in each step of the cycle of infection are crucial to developing treatments yet imaging single viruses can only be performed in a few specialized centers in europe while every hospital could benefit from it nanoxcan proposes to develop a tabletop virus imaging xray microscope with foreseeable impact as revolutionary as the invention of superresolved fluorescence microscopy paving the way towards determination of structure and dynamics of matter to a large community for this purpose we will develop an original digital laser that delivers on a daily operation subwavelength focusing reaching relativistic intensities at mhz repetition rates this will be used to create a nanosource of hard xrays from the kalpha plasma emission of metallic nanotargets at an average power comparable to that of a synchrotron beamline we will capitalize on this high brilliance high average power hard xray source to perform lensless nanoscale biomedical imaging based on recent findings in incoherent imaging and machine learning all these ingredients will create a unique nanoscopy platform that our consortium will illustrate by imaging a single virus in the future our xray idi microscope could help to study mechanisms involved in viral infection and antiviral design xrays have the advantage of performing insitu nondestructive and noninvasive imaging over competing techniques nanoxcan will create a transformative positive effect on our economy and society by proposing this new technology for single virus imaging