Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
artisanal mines economic development and social impact

the adoption of green energy technologies worldwide is going to have significant consequences for mineral demand in a near future the booming sector of artisanal and smallscale mines asm that employs around 40 million people represents about 20 of the global gold and diamond supply 25 of tantalum and tin and up to 80 of sapphire those numbers make the asm sector a pivotal actor in the energy transition the aim of artimindev project is to analyze the economic and social impacts of asm in subsaharan african countries up until now the absence of exhaustive timevarying information on the location of asm has prevented researchers in social sciences from precisely quantifying the contribution of this activity to economic development the ambition of this project is twofold first i intend to map the openingclosing of asm in subsaharan african countries over the period 20002020 with exact information on location gps coordinates two other crucial information are also collected the size and the mineral extracted from each asm i will use machine learning techniques and satellite image time series to identify sediment and open pitmining activities second equipped with this groundbreaking dataset i aim to provide systematic and largescale evidence of the impact of asm on violence and conflict environmental degradation and health and internal migration the proposals objectives grounded in quantitative economics are spanning several literatures from a wide variety of disciplines by combining stateoftheart machine learning techniques and remote sensing data i expect the methodologies and the results to push the research frontier in several dimensions moreover the conclusions drawn from the project would be highly relevant for policymakers and ngos aiming to improve the monitoring of those mining activities and their impacts on conflict health and environmental degradation
participatory open social innovation through interlinking valuable ecosystems

social innovation actors take on an important role in finding solutions for societal challenges however many social enterprises lack entrepreneurial skills and digitization of their products or services and there is still a lack of support for social entrepreneurs which is due to the fact that many business support organisations have little understanding of the specific challenges and needs of social entrepreneurs the social innovation and the technology innovation ecosystems are currently not well interconnected and mostly considered separate ecosystems with different skillsets the positive project will counteract these factors by raising awareness about the benefits of social innovation and providing capacity building about social innovation and social entrepreneurship to the tech innovation ecosystem thus creating the basis for better support for social entrepreneurs and a more inclusive innovation ecosystem based on mutual understanding the project will also provide new opportunities for social entrepreneurs to digitise their products and services and to acquire new business skills through the organisation of an open innovation challenge in three countries positive impact challenge which constitutes knowledge transfer from the tech into the social innovation ecosystem with the specific purpose to support regional si actors to access alternative means of financing the positive project will also foster the interlinkage of the two ecosystems on a regional and european level through crossfertilization knowledge exchange and policy recommendations on how the positive impact challenge model can be replicated thus the positive project can not only contribute to the strengthening of the social economy on different levels but also make the tech innovation ecosystem more resilient and equipped to tackle the important societal challenges by including social innovation actors
hybrid networked control for microgrids

to promote the eus sustainable environmental development and decarbonization increasing distributed renewable energy sources dress are desirable to be integrated into power grids microgrids as one kind of promising means to integrate dress with power electronics technologies have great potential in future power grids however due to the lack of physical inertia the stable operation of powerelectronicsdominated microgrids is suffering significant challenges the hncm project is proposed in the context of solving these challenges by providing some scientific foundations that enable the efficient operation of lowinertia microgrids with particular focus on hybrid modeling stability analysis and control design first new hybrid models will be set up by incorporating physical properties of each distributed generator dg and their interactions with electrical networks then new stability analysis criteria for general microgrids will be derived with the expected dynamic performance by designing electricalparameterdependent lyapunov functions finally flexible distributed robust control approaches will be developed under multiagent architectures with timevarying interaction topologies among dgs
reinforcing the scientific excellence and innovation capacity in polymer processing technologies of the faculty of polymer technology

global annual consumption of plastics is expected to increase from the current 368 million tons 2019 to 11 billion tons in 2050 however this growth also poses some dangers such as the increasing amount of plastic waste and a rise in co2 emissions one of the ways to tackle these problems is to produce more durable products and to use processing technologies that generate less waste the ippttwinn project addresses both methods as more durable products can be manufactured through a better understanding of processing methods and waste can be reduced through the application of new technologies and better waste management the main objective of ippttwinn is to increase the knowledge of polymer processing at ftpo this will be achieved both through joint scientific work with 4 partners from 4 eu countries covering several advanced processing techniques and through the organization of a series of events such as workshops summer schools expert visits etc however the project is organized in such a way that not only ftpo but all four partner institutions will make progress in this area although partners knowledge largely overlaps each is a specialist in a particular field and together they represent a concentration of knowledge in the whole field of modern polymer processing the proposed joint research work will improve the research excellence and innovation capacity of researchers at ftpo that will result in more scientific publications in highimpact journals this will make ftpo more attractive as a partner also for other educational and research institutions industry representatives will also be invited to the events to be organized which will increase the visibility of all partners in the business sector and strengthen cooperation at last but not least one of the main goals of the project is to train researchers especially the young ones how to find suitable calls right partners and to prepare and manage excellent project proposals
superresolution ultrafast and deeplylearned contrast ultrasound imaging of the vascular tree

our healthcare system is under unsustainable strain owing largely to cardiovascular diseases and cancer for both imaging vasculature and flow precisely is paramount to reduce costs while improving diagnosis and treatment specifically the focus is on the multiscale aspects of shear vorticity pressure and capillary bed 10200 m vessels structure and mechanics however this requires an imaging depth of 10 cm with a resolution of 50m furthermore velocities often exceed 1ms which requires a frame rate of 1000 fps clinical imaging modalities have so far been hindered by insufficient spatiotemporal resolution and there is thus a dire need for new techniquesplanewave ultrasound enhanced with contrast microbubbles outperforms all modalities in safety cost and speed and is thus the ideal candidate to address this need the strategy i propose in superfalcon harnesses the nonlinear dynamics of monodisperse microbubbles in wp1 i will use deep learning and gpuaccelerated acoustic simulations to recover superresolved 120th of the wavelength bubble clouds in wp2 i will create a new model for confined bubbles and use them as nonlinear sensors for capillary imaging in wp3 i will disentangle attenuation and scattering using physicsinformed deep learning and correct for wave distortion this is needed to apply the strategies from wp1 and 2 in deep tissue finally in wp4 i will use automatic segmentation to integrate the fundamental results of wp1 2 and 3 into a technology that i will scientifically assess on vascularized ex vivo liverswith superfalcon my ambition is to generate a longterm impact both scientifically and societally i will produce new fundamental knowledge about confined bubble dynamics inhomogeneous ultrasound propagation and deconvolution strategies as well as new experimental methods for flow imaging and characterization in healthcare superfalcon could initiate a paradigm shift towards patientspecific treatment
role of epistatic interactions in evolution

the distribution of fitness effects of mutations is vital to our understanding of rates and patterns of adaptation population genetics and mutation accumulation experiments have given us insight into the distribution of fitness effects of single mutations however mutations often interact with each other this is called epistasis the role of epistatic interactions in adaptation has remained controversial yet the distribution of epistatic effects is as fundamental as distribution of mutational effects themselves without knowing the distribution of epistatic effects we cant calculate the average fitness effect of a given mutation across multiple genetic backgrounds moreover if epistatic interactions tend to be positive or negative on average this will have an important effect on evolutionary dynamics epistatic interactions are also known to play a role in speciation but the proportion of mutations that exhibit incompatible interactions that can lead to speciation is unknown i will investigate the properties of epistatic interactions among mutations with two complementary approaches first i will estimate the probability and distribution of effects of epistatic interactions among spontaneous mutations i will cross mutation accumulation lines that i have developed for the fungus neurospora crassa to produce a mapping population where spontaneous mutations are segregating and use it to estimate the distribution of epistatic effects second i will estimate the proportion of substitutions that cause reproductive incompatibilities between populations from the relationship between reproductive isolation and genetic divergence this is achieved by an evolution experiment with fission yeast with a design that will maximize the rate of genetic divergence with minimal change in mean phenotype the elucidation of properties of epistatic interactions will be a major breakthrough for the field of evolutionary biology
new deeptech technology to help industrial maritime oil gas companies comply with agenda 2050 by reducing 99 of pm voc and ghg emissions combined with x68 times lower expenses

solumar is the brand name of a startup developing new deeptech industrial solutions for air and gas purification and emissionscutting with a strong and experienced team of aviation software and maritime engineers and young key account and business development experts we are an impactdriven team on a mission to help industrial business owners construction companies maritime ship owners and port operators and oil gas companies reduce pollutants and emissions by 9899 in an efficient and sustainable way without compromising their business needs our journey started working with the rd departments of airbus biz lab and liebherr aerospace then proved the technology on a smaller scale in nonaviation sectors today we are selling to metal wood processing and pharmaceutical manufacturers in europe we plan to expand in the maritime and oil gas industries because of the huge climate change impact and the multibillion market opportunity in maritime only the market size reaches 300bn by selling equipment and up to 200m annual recurring revenue by selling byproducts carbon black also providing shipowners and port operators with an opportunity to comply with the net zero agenda 2050 and help stop global warming and the climate change interest has already been demonstrated by greek ship owners local bulgarian maritime cluster both kaust deeptech accelerator and aramco in saudi arabia and norwegian companies and the first demo prototype designed for maritime integration is supported by innovation norway rd grants project started in august 2022 the technology borrows knowhow from aviation and embodies a unique working principle deeptech modular approach and a design allowing to collect of particles also black carbon and ash voc and gases sox nox cox combined and is the only solution for the market that reaches x6 times lower capex and x1015 times lower opex versus each of the currently existing alternatives
skeletal alteration of bioactive polycyclic molecules by catalytic ringopeningcrossmetathesis

catalytic olefin metathesis is a transformative transformation with many unique attributes one being the possibility of converting a ring to a modifiable acyclic diene by ringopening crossmetathesis rocm however the existing methods are rare and limited to those that generate eenoates to the best of our knowledge there are no available methods for rocm reactions that can be used to access zalkenes from reactions involving five to eightmembered ringsto address this we will develop a rocm method for converting the small rings to readily alterable acyclic dienes efficiently and in high ze ratios on the basis of preliminary unpublished results a set of molybdenum alkylidene complexes recently designed by the host group will be utilized we will investigate and develop a method for rocm of cyclohexene with several commercially available z and ealkenyl halides the strategy will then be extended to five seven and eightmembered ring alkenes the diene products can be used for rapid synthesis of bioactive compounds such as antitumor tetrahydrosiphonodiol and their specifically altered analogsanother notable aspect of the project will be application to precise skeletal alterations of polycyclic bioactive compounds we will exploit the presence of an olefin within a bioactive compound as the launching point for brief sequences leading to various specific modifications this will obviate the need for lengthy and tedious de novo synthesis of each analog more specifically we will develop the open ring modify close ring omc strategy and by using it prepare an assortment of specifically modified analogs of androstadiene and vindoline through collaboration with experts these compounds will be tested for in vitro bioactivity catalyst and method development will thus be applied to accessing formerly uncharted chemical space which is central to new lead discovery and drug development
broadband memsbased infrared spectrometers the core of a multipurpose spectral sensing photonic platform

there is a continuously increasing need for miniaturised sensors providing simultaneous access to multiple chemical and biochemical parameters sensing optical spectroscopy is the golden standard for the identification and quantitative measurement of several chemicals simultaneously using a single device a spectrometer challenge 1 conventional ftir spectrometers are bulky benchtop instruments regarding pts for gas sensing the proofofconcept has only recently been validated at macroscopy scale considering field deployment of such spectrometers the main challenges are related to the production cost ruggedness size of the instrumentchallenge 2 a key advantage of ftir absorption spectroscopy is its broad spectral range in the mir range where fundamental molecular vibrational tones have large absorption cross section however while conventional benchtop ftir spectrometers can operate up to 25000 nm or more it is still a big challenge when considering miniature spectrometers to reach a wide spectral range coupled with high sensitivity siware recently developed an ultracompact memsbased ftir spectrometer the commercial product neospectra is operating in the nearinfrared range up to 2500 nmbromedir will address the aforementioned challenges and make an important step towards meeting the related need using neospectra as a spectroscopy development platform targeting though the development of a radically new spectrometer with multiple extensions of its capabilities beyond the sota in parallel a novel miniaturised pts spectrometer will be developed taking advantage of the same siliconmems technology platform that has been used for the development of the pic used in neospectras ftir chip in bromedir this new generation of miniature spectrometers will be used to develop sensing platforms to be demonstrated in 3 application domains a sustainable farming b hydrogen supply chain quality monitoring and c fuel quality control
biodegradable mems implants for nerve repair

in this project i will develop biodegradable mems microelectromechanical systems implants for nerve repair a new class of microsystems made entirely of biodegradable materials including sensors actuators and electronicsthese wireless implants will focus on the mechanical stretching of peripheral nerves in vivo for neural regeneration after injury two strategies will be explored compared and combined 1 cyclic mechanical nerve stimulation with nervecyclicstretch a soft biodegradable magnetic implant controlled by wireless magnetic actuation with an integrated strain sensor and 2 constant mechanical traction with nervesuctionstretch a biodegradable implant applying negative pressure to the injured nerve with a biodegradable mems micropump and with an integrated pressure sensor new biodegradable stretchable magnetic and conducting materials will be developed for this purpose and in vivo studies on the sciatic nerve of rat models will be performed to demonstrate the proper operation of the implants and to identify the optimal mechanical stimulation parameters for nerve repairthe development of new functional biodegradable materials with tailored magnetic electrical and mechanical properties and cleanroomcompatible fabrication processes thin films deposition photolithography etching of biodegradable metals and polymer composites will enable the realization of fully biodegradable microsystems while retaining the established advantages of mems small size high precision fast response time low energy consumption reliable largescale productionthis proposal is a paradigm shift in the design of medical devices with biodegradable implants allowing for the first time the in vivo exploration of a promising new therapeutic approach beyond neurosciences nerverepair20 will pave the way for many other medical applications including cardiac diseases addressing crucial societal challenges that could not be solved otherwise
energy production and storage using biological ion transport systems

this project aims to create a green energy storage system that integrates a biological voltage source with a biological supercapacitor to achieve large energy and power capacities in a lightweight sustainable packaging the project redefines the concept of biological engineering to be one that utilizes proteins molecules and lipids in combination with synthetic materials to assemble the smart micronanostructured energy storage system there are at least four advantages to this biological engineering approach including i the capability for selfassembly ii the easy scalability that follows from using selfassembly iii the easy assembly into 3d structures and iv up to 1000fold less energy requirements for switching functions compared to stateoftheart enode systems moreover the use of biological components can overcome limitations of existing battery technology by improving the ecological footprint and environmental sustainability and by enhancing lifetime reliability and safety the system will be assembled as an array of interconnected vesicles to form a compartmental system to control ion gradients established by cotransport proteins incorporated in the interconnecting vesicle membranes the system utilises the ion gradient to sustain a stable voltage output and as a supercapacitor to store energy the stable voltage output and supercapacitor function are sustained from ion gradients and not catalytic electrochemical reactions since the system will function both as a generator and an energy accumulator we anticipate power management would require an integrated design rather than a discrete design used for traditional sourcesupercapacitor systems the energy capabilities will be tested by packaging the system to provide power for an illustrative device that is either a typical nomadic device eg smartphone a typical implantable medical device eg cardiac pacemaker or a typical ambulatory device eg drone
towards a unified macrodistributional analysis of globalization

which social groups have most benefitted from financial globalization since the 1980s how would inequality have evolved if instead of tax competition countries had chosen tax harmonization the goal of this project is to address these questions in a unified framework and using new data this proposal builds on my previous work and consists of two parts first i will create prototype global flows of funds comprehensive statistics of the ownership of global assets by country of the owner and wealth group eg amount of uk real estate owned by us households in the top 1 of the wealth distribution current macroeconomic and inequality data do not indicate which groups of the population own external assets in different countries to remedy this i will generalize my earlier work on the size and distribution of offshore wealth to all external assets leveraging recent major improvements in global wealth data the resulting database will provide a direct measure of the share of foreign assets in the portfolios of different wealth groups eg fraction of the wealth of the us top 1 invested in foreign assets bridging the gap between the study of inequality and financial globalization second using these global flows of funds i will estimate the effect of international tax competition on inequality i will first provide a comprehensive quantification of the rise of international fiscal externalities since the 1980s ie the extent to which residents of a given country have increasingly been subject to taxation in other countries eg tax havens using multicountry models of wealth accumulation with heterogeneous agents calibrated using global flow of funds data and other sources i will then simulate the counterfactual evolution of inequality under different regimes of international tax coordination eg full tax harmonization since 1980 the ultimate objective is to renew thinking about the future of international economic coordination