Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
learning with multiple representations

machine learning methods operate on formal representations of the data at hand and the models or patterns induced from the data they also assume a suitable formalization of the learning task itself eg as a classification problem including a specification of the objective in terms of a suitable performance metric and sometimes other criteria the induced model is supposed to meet different representations or problem formalizations may be more or less appropriate to address a particular task and to deal with the type of training information available the goal of lemur is to create a novel branch of machine learning we call learning with multiple representations we aim to develop the theoretical foundations and a first set of algorithms for this new paradigma moreover corresponding applications are to demonstrate the usefulness of the new family of approaches we regard lemur as very timely as lmr algorithms will allow to flexible representations eg suitable for explainability fairness with diverse target functions eg incorporating environmental or even social impact so as to make the induced models abide by the green charter and trustworthy ai criteria by design we will focus on learning with weak supervision because it addresses one of the major flaws of modern ml approaches ie their data hunger by means of weaker sources of labelling for training data the outcome of the dn will be a set of 10 experts trained to implement the third and subsequent waves of ai in europe the highly interdisciplinary and intersectoral context in which they will be trained will provide them with researchrelated and transferable competences relevant to successful careers in central ai areas
a statistical mechanics framework for immiscible twophase flow in porous media

the flow of immiscible fluids in porous media is at the heart of a wide range of applications some of which are central to humanity oil recovery has traditionally had such a role but more recently aquifer replenishment to maintain water supplies has become a field of increasing worldwide importanceimmiscible multiphase flow in porous media is a problem in hydrodynamics of extraordinary complexity not only does one have the intricacies of moving fluid interfaces but the flow occurs within a pore space having a highly contorted geometry porous media typically span orders of magnitude in length scales the pore scale may be in the micrometer range or less whereas the macroscopic scale may be in the kilometer range is there a way to find a description of the flow at these large scales from a knowledge of how the fluids behave at the pore scale my claim is that there is statistical mechanics which has been used to derive thermodynamics from the motion of molecules can be reformulated to do the same for immiscible multiphase flow in porous media this sounds like an impossible task as statistical mechanics demands equilibrium whereas the flow problem is driven the approach i propose is based on information theory and hydrodynamicsmy objective is to develop a complete theory for immiscible multiphase flow in porous media at large scales based on a reformulation of statistical mechanics that encompasses the pore scale physics and which is simple enough to be useful in practical engineering applicationsthis will allow me to reproduce accurately the formation of viscous fingers when a less viscous fluid invades a more viscous fluid this is a problem as important in fieldscale modelling as it is difficult this will be the first time a statistical mechanics framework for nonthermal nonequilibrium systems has been developed this has interest far beyond the realm of porous media
accelerated discovery nanobody platform

since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody mab 30 years ago therapeutic mabs and abderived molecules have come to dominate the biologics market currently 100 abs are in clinical use for different diseases out of which 30 mab target cancer despite the huge market potential multiple and complex steps make the therapeutic ab discovery process long expensive laborious and inefficient these steps include target identification animal immunization ab selection and engineering humanization and preclinical validation all these are not integrated costly require large equipments and facilities and are highly dependent on experimental animals mostly mammals including genetically modified mice both for immunization and for preclinical validation of the therapeutic ab candidatesaladdin project emerges to bring to the market a novel accelerated discovery nanobody platform that will increase the efficiency of therapeutic ab discovery and preclinical validation for human cancer by 1 integrating selection and in vivo affinity maturation of abs in bacterial cells holding an universal library of single domain abs nanobodies nbs that fully eliminates animal inmunization 2 using in silico artificial intelligent ai tools for structurebased epitope mapping aiguided affinity maturation and nb humanization 3 developing costeffective miniaturized microfluidicbased devices for in vitro ab selection from bacterial cultures 4 accelerating ab validation with a fast nonmammalian in vivo model for preclinical testing based on patientderived tumor xenografts in zebrafish larvae 5 impacting target and ab validation with dynamic mathematical models to extract clinical and efficacy data of the ab candidates these ambitious goals will be possible through the multidisciplinary aladdin consortium formed by eight partners with complementary skills
substitution of fossil combustion in industrial hightemperature processes by advanced electrical heating technologies

effectively combating global warming requires a significant reduction in co2 emissions this poses enormous challenges especially for the energyintensive process and production industry as this industry accounts for one third of total energy consumption what is needed is intelligent electrification across all operational processes electrification has such a large potential impact on decarbonisation because it allows clean renewable electricity to power processes that previously used emissionsintensive technologies such as gas burners this means that a process that previously produced high emissions can become absolutely emissionfree when powered by renewable energythe aim of the citadel project is to substitute fossil combustion processes with innovative electric technologies such as electric resistance heating microwave heating and plasma heating five use cases are considered targeting the production of refractory bricks glass and copper wires preheating processes in steel production and the recycling of concrete for these specific applications appropriate demonstration plants have to be designed built tested close to the process and validated this is supported by corresponding activities to provide suitable hightemperature materials and tools for instrumentation and effective process control challenges regarding a stable energy supply electrical and thermal load management or intelligent energy management are simulated by means of numerical models this includes corresponding risk assessments eg with regard to possible time constraints in terms of a continuous power supply and the consequences of supply fluctuations for process safety all demonstration cases will be evaluated by a life cycle analysis and with regard to the effectiveness in the reduction of greenhouse gases the impact of the technical solutions developed here for the process industry will be assessed and strategies for scaleup and deployment will be elaborated
advancing research at the intersection between gut microbiota and cancer cachexia to train europes future leaders in microbiota medicine

microbiota medicine is the new frontier in human health the human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbes under normal conditions these microbial communities drive physiological and homeostatic functions in the host when altered they can lead to severe disorders with an increasingly recognized role in health and disease the gut microbiota offers promising therapeutic and diagnostic potential to tackle various pathologies incl metabolic neurological and cardiovascular disorders its full clinical potential remains largely unrealized though mostly due to the lack of critical mass capable of integrating the multiple scientific and translational dimensions of microbiota medicine grounded on a team of 180leading researchers and entrepreneurs from across 12 countries and dispersed disciplines biological big data analytics systems and synthetic biology experimental and translational medicine miccrobiotackle will train 12 doctoral candidates dcs with the muchneeded crossdisciplinary and sectoral expertise to advance microbiota medicine as coursesetting disease the dcs will focus on cancer cachexia cc cc is an excellent model to study the hostmicrobiota axis in the context of metabolic diseases and represents the paradigm of a devastating condition in urgent need of new and more efficient means of clinical management along miccrobiotackle the 12 highcalibre dcs will foster new discoveries with impact on cc while driving scientific and technological progress in microbiota medicine in its broadest scope by training the next generation of researchers with outofthebox thinking and an entrepreneurial mindset in microbiota medicine miccrobiotackle will safeguard the eu leadership in this vanguard and imperative biotechpharma segment while paving the way for the development of novel gut microbiota insights and tools to tackle multiple diseases with foreseeable impact on the wellbeing of billions of citizens worldwide
high speed communication links based on heterogeneous chips

the constant hunger for data is straining optical links causing optical chip makers to struggle transceivers have to work at everincreasing symbol rates on top they need to handle more complex data formats new materials have to be sought after as current modulator technologies in eg silicon are reaching their limit in the comb project we will leverage recently obtained results to make ultrahighspeed transceivers based on the multimaterial integration of indium phosphide and lithium niobate on a silicon nitride platform by exploiting modelocked lasers and using a large number of lines higher data rates can be transmitted over the same channel by heterogeneously integrating the source with a lithium niobate modulator very high symbol rates can be obtained
deciphering the recognition recruitment and modification of structured lncrnas by the methyltransferase complex mettl3mettl14 and its cofactors

the human mettl3mettl14 methyltransferase complex mtc is responsible for the m6a methylation of a large set of rnas and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis it targets numerous long noncoding rnas lncrnas including xist and malat1 to date studies have only considered singlestranded rna motifs and a critical need for structural information on the complex in interaction with lncrna has grown over the years mettl3 and mettl14 form a heterodimer through their catalytic domains mtds additionally each monomer comprises flexible regions that are essential to the complex activity but have been truncated because of their dynamics the mettl3 tandem zincfinger domains zfds and the rgg region of mettl14 moreover two cofactors of the mtc display a significant importance for its activity in vivo but have never been studied in interaction with lncrna the rna binding motif protein 15 rbm15 and the zinc finger ccchtype containing 13 protein zc3h13 this project aims at understand how structured regions of lncrnas are recognized by the functionally active mtc and its cofactors at an atomic level for that purpose we will measure the binding and methylation activity of both the zfds and rgg region to a set of rna targets corresponding to modified region of xist and malat1 in the context of the whole mtc with or without the cofactors by using mutated and posttranslationally modified protein we will assess i the lncrna binding cooperativity between zfd and the mtd ii the role of the rgg region methylation in lncrna binding structure specificity iii the role of the cofactors in lncrna recognition finally combining 13c methyltrosy experiments segmental labeling and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement we will access the dynamics of the complex in interaction with the lncrna in solution we expect to bring highimpact structural information of the specific recognition recruitment and modification of lncrnas by the mtc
euchina joint action to increase development and adoption of ipm tools

the continuous stream of invasive agricultural pests and chronic reemergence of key ones prompt for implementation of integrated pest management ipm tools but often main management methods rely largely on chemical pesticides however their widespread use is highlighted as a key threat to human health and wildlife much progress made in the conception of ipm tools in the past decade however despite eu and chinese policies prompting use of ipm widespread adoption by farmers is slowed down by key barriers notably because many available nonchemical ipm tools a have not been optimized lack reliability or effectiveness b are suboptimal when combined together in ipm packages as not developed via an integrated approach and c are missing for particular key pests in this context the project will exploit the thorough knowledge accumulated on pest management methods to adapt and optimize ipm tools and practices which did not reach the fieldmarket yet or that are currently not efficient enough in addition adoptipm will work on the further development of high potential ipm tools and will design optimized costeffective environmentsound ipm packages the choice of crops and pests in adoptipm tomato leafy vegetables wheat and maize is based on their economic importance in europe and china and for their current pest management methods relying largely on chemical pesticides the project is structured in 3 rd wps one for field demonstrations one for dissemination and one for project management the consortium has been selected to integrate early in the research process the main endusers of the projects results farmers associations smes and key stakeholders the euchina consortium also has a strong coverage of experts and based on many longterm collaborations to take advantage of the experience of each region and to more efficiently adapt the ipm tools practices and packages to the specific problems of european and chinese farmers
deciphering hostmicrobiome interactions in anticancer immunity

despite unprecedented clinical success t cellbased immunotherapies present significant heterogeneity in response rates often attributed to dampened activation and limited tumour infiltration of cd8 t cells studies in mice and humans have shown that gut commensals can modulate anticancer immune responses dictating the efficacy of immunotherapy but have failed to identify species that are consistently associated with improved patient prognosis i recently made a breakthrough in our efforts to understand the host determinants that define microbiomedependent cancer immunity i discovered that a single micronutrient vitamin d vitd enhances the ability of the gut microbiome to induce potent t cellmediated immunity to cancer dictating immunotherapy success in preclinical models unlike any other study i found that vitd modulates the function of the microbiome without significantly affecting its composition diverging from a speciescentric view of the microbiome to focusing on key hostmicrobiome interactions regulated by nutrient availabilitymicrobioguard attempts to systematically dissect the multidirectional gutimmunecancer axis we first address a key question in the field what defines a good microbiome that promotes immunity to cancer aim 1 of this proposal will dissect the mechanisms by which vitd transforms the function of the gut microbiome with a focus on identification of microbialderived bioactive molecules we will then assess how these altered microbial functions interact with host cells bidirectionally to shape anticancer immunity aims 12 we will broaden our findings and determine how vitdmicrobiomeimmune interactions impact cancer development finally we will investigate if vitd enables human microbiome to augment immunotherapy response aim 3 collectively microbioguard provides an unmatched opportunity to identify nonredundant microbiomeimmune checkpoints that can be targeted to overcome immunotherapy resistance
strategic climate litigations direct and indirect consequences for democracies

sharply increasing strategic climate litigation scl is a legal and social fact it has the potential to influence the democratic process at a time when democracy and its safeguards are already widely in decline as other strategic litigation climate litigation involves many actors ngos media politicians and has many nuanced and indirect consequences beyond its direct legal effects creating authoritative legal narratives framing perceptions fostering cooperation and legalising the political debate however because of the particular nature of the climate emergency as a global scientifically certain existential threat to humanity scl is an extreme case of strategic litigation both in quantity and in quality as a sharply growing phenomenon it aims for socioeconomic changes in response to the climate emergency as 1 a truly global collective action problem which is 2 increased by structurally inadequate political responses and 3 affects those most who do not yet have political power it is also distinct in its reliance on 4 arguments based on nonbinding international norms eg in the paris agreement and 5 complex science with uncertain legal effects litigants climate science defendants carbon capture technologylitdem breaks new ground by providing the missing theoretical framework that captures not only the direct legal but also the indirect nonlegal consequences of scl for the democratic process in times of societal tensions and democratic decline it provides greatly needed guidance to involved actors based on qualitative multimethod studies incl systematic content analysis doctrinal analysis interviews of all scl in 4 national and 2 european jurisdictions de fr nl uk eu echr it offers a grounded conceptual understanding of the democratic implications of rapidly growing scl it answers the questions how does scl affect the democratic process how could its neglected democratic potential be realised
multilingual individual neurocognitive differences in middle age project

the objective of the multilingual individual neurocognitive differences in middle age project mindmap is to investigate how variation in multilingual engagement eg context and intensity of l2 use correlates to individual differences in neurocognitive adaptations in the midlife age range this age range is severely understudied in the relevant literatures yet of critical importance as it is the immediate precursor period to when cognitive ageing ca becomes most prevalent as such mindmap serves as a bridge between research mapping multilingual experiencerelated factors and individual differences in neurocognitive outcomes to research on multilingualism effects in ca herein we combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography eeg eeg is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess quality and quantity of overall brain wave oscillatory activity and the degree of communication between brain regions functional connectivity in response to stimuli and at rest combining behavior and neuroimaging modalities mindmap will examine specific domains of neurocognition adversely affected by ca that overlap with areas argued to be positively affected by multilingual experience precisely in the age range where revealing and understanding these correlations could be the most helpful that is just prior to when ca progression is typically noted finetuning our understanding of the potential relationship between specific patterns of multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations is the first step to unlocking any future potential for capitalizing on it as a health initiative which would have manifold societal repercussions
increace increasing recycled content in added value products for a resilient and digitized circular economy

increasing the share of recycled plastics in new products is a central aspect of the european strategy for plastics adopted by the european commission in 2018 as a part of the first circular economy action plan 2015 one of the main goals of the strategy is to ensure that by 2025 10 million tonnes of recycled plastics find their way into new products on the eu market against less than 4 million tonnes in 2016 however in 2016 only 84 million tonnes of plastics went to recycling facilities as input material for this reason the collection rate has to improve significantly and more collected material needs to reach recycling facilities instead of being incinerated or landfilled additionally the demand for recycled plastics needs a boost especially in added value applications where the current share is still zero or very low another precondition for the uptake of recycled plastics in added value products is trust on the supply side definitions standards and traceability will help oems integrating recycled plastics into their business models on the demand side general acceptance of new materials will be crucial from all stakeholders including manufacturers and the general public the increace project will tackle above mentioned issues through innovative and interdisciplinary solutions along the entire plastics recycling value chain embedded in a systemic framework the project partners will develop new datadriven sorting solutions combine complementary recycling technologies to increase the recycling yield and introduce new digital verification methods blockchain to create the required trust in the industry the consortium will collaborate beyond organisational and sectoral boundaries to develop specific businesscases to proof the concept the partners will provide targeted inputs into standardisation policy making and foster active and inclusive engagement oof all relevant stakeholders as actors of the circular plastic transition
transforming everyday surgery into a painless and scarless experience

milano robotic platform is composed of a camera robot and assistive robot that can be used independently or combined with operative arms as operative robot robots are compact and easily portable thus there is no need for a dedicated surgical room unlike with current large size robots the initial set up can be done in only 10 minutes due to the use of singleuse tools and easy configuration the versatility of the operative robot to switch between single port access via one incision in the abdomen and multiport access via multiple incisions in the abdomen surgeries enable to use the same robot for a number of surgical specialties such as gastrointestinal gynecology and urology incorporated lens cleaning and smoke evacuation system offer a clear vision and increase the safety of surgical procedures the competitive purchase price and cost per procedure offered to hospitals via convenient purchase plans allow to increase patients access to minimally invasive procedures