Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
novel 2d metallenes for highperformance potassium ion storage

the energy transition of europe from fossil fuels to sustainableclean energy greatly increases the demand for energy storage techniques the lithium ion batteries libs dominate the energy storage market for over 30 years after their commercialization in 1991 recently the price jump of limited li resource and other cathode materials co and ni shows an urgent need to explore newgeneration energy storage systems the potassium ion battery kibs is proposed in this project as a promising libs alternative for largescale energy storage systems however poor cycling performances hinder the development and application of kibsto resolve the lifetime issue of kibs this project focus on the investigation of novel twodimensional 2d metallenes materials since they have shown intriguing properties like higher conductivity and a larger exposure of metal active sites than other 2d material and bulk materials the 2d metallenes with reduced width and thickness layers are beneficial to alleviate the stress from volume expansions of large k ion insertion and will achieve highly stable electrochemical performances for kibs the proposed 2d metallenes for kibs in this project will be the first innovation in the area of energy storage and conversion and will bring new scientific knowledge to current studies i with my host group will combine the expertise and techniques to make a difference
dynamic instabilities smallscale turbulence and impacts on the stratosphere disturbs

the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere tutls plays a critical role in the climate system as the gateway to the global stratosphere within this region tropical upwelling wave activity and turbulence control stratospheric composition by modulating the vertical transport of aerosol and trace gases and the formation of thin ice clouds which are a net sink of water vapor this complex interplay between dynamics and chemistry is challenging to simulate and as a result atmospheric models struggle to represent the composition of the lower stratosphere in the current and future climatethe proposed work uses diverse observational datasets collected by highresolution radiosondes highaltitude research aircraft and superpressure balloons to understand the role of turbulence in this system and to apply that knowledge to the improvement of atmospheric models the work is divided into four parts 1 quantifying the frequency of tutls turbulence and characterizing its variability 2 investigating the effect of tutls turbulence on ice clouds aerosol and trace gases 3 evaluating tutls turbulence in two different types of atmospheric models and 4 developing a datadriven parameterization of tutls turbulence using machine learningi will carry out my fellowship at laboratoire de mtorologie dynamique lmd in palaiseau france under the supervision of dr aurlien podglajen my experience with machine learning complements the hosts expertise in the theory and measurement of turbulence and familiarity with the datasets used for this work facilitating a twoway transfer of knowledge i will acquire new technical skills in observations and modelling broaden my physical understanding of the atmosphere contribute to the planning and execution of a large field campaign and work with an international network of collaborators which will critically support my professional ambition of leading my own research group
information theoretic foundations of joint communication and sensing

the integration of radio communication and sensing services in the same network infrastructure will be a key feature of nextgeneration wireless technology it is envisaged that wireless basestations will communicate with active devices and simultaneously detect localize and track passive targets within their vicinity all using the same spectrum and hardware this emerging joint communication and sensing jcas paradigm currently at the frontier of wireless research will revolutionize a broad range of applications from automotive and transportation to healthcare and environmental monitoringa major challenge for realizing this vision is the lack of a fundamental theory for jcas communicationcentric wireless systems rely on information theory in establishing fundamental performance limits and guiding the design of efficient schemes that best utilize scarce radio resources in sharp contrast information theory for jcas is currently in its infancy and without such a theory optimal signal and protocol design for nextgeneration wireless networks will remain elusive the goal of this project is to take the first major steps towards closing this fundamental knowledge gapi will first introduce a novel informationtheoretic approach to sensing i propose the new notions of sensing capacity and reliability function which will enable characterizing the fundamental tradeoff between sensing efficiency and reliability i will then establish new informationtheoretic performance limits and optimal schemes for jcas systems where signals have the dual function of communicating and probing finally i will extend the analysis to multiple transceivers targets and users by introducing a novel network information theory for sensing and jcasthe results of this project will open a new research frontier in information theory push the boundaries of current knowledge in neighbouring domains and directly impact the design of future jcasenabled wireless technology
beyond culture towards a phenomenological foundation of anthropology

the universality of the divide between nature and culture has been recently challenged by anthropology as researchers argued that this divide is specific to modernity and should not be generalized to capture the plurality of ways of conceiving humanitys relation to the world to account for the diversity of collective experience the humanities and social sciences should decenter supposedly universal categories of western modernity and reconceptualize the fundamental aspects of collective behavior beyond this ethnocentric bias how does this pluralistic view of the world change our philosophical account of nature and culture how can phenomenology explain the different modes of collective existence described by anthropology the working hypothesis of cosmos is that the interaction between phenomenological philosophy and anthropology can improve our conception of social experience and change the traditional view in which the distinction between nature and culture is assessed while extensive literature has been devoted to the social world and the duality of nature and culture phenomenological research on the anthropology of the lifeworld and the intersubjective aspects of nature and culture remains largely unexplored especially when it comes to a discussion with concrete findings in anthropology cosmos aims to fill this gap and break new theoretical ground by providing a foundation for contemporary anthropology it will draw upon the phenomenology of the social world of edmund husserl maurice merleauponty and alfred schütz and recent research on social experience to provide a new view of the common world that integrates anthropologys radical idea of diversity and plurality by combining a phenomenological approach with anthropologys findings and theoretical considerations it aims to build on and impact recent research on sociality and contribute to changing sedimented views of nature and culture underpinning the division between natural and human sciences
hydrodynamics biomechanics of cancer cell migration in heterogeneous media

so far medicine has not solved the workings of a formidable and scientifically challenging aspect of cancer metastasis the migration of circulating tumor cells ctc through the body in this highly interdisciplinary project expertise and techniques from fluid dynamics are employed to study how ctc move through the vascular network and what prompts them to do so the complex interplay among hydrodynamics biophysics of intracellular interactions and biochemical signaling within vascular networks is unknown our understanding of these underlying processes is hindered by the complex heterogeneity in the vascular network comprising of capillaries veins and arteries with a wide range of size and structural diversity to unravel these processes i bring my expertise in fluid dynamics and porous media together with the stateoftheart facilities on experimental cancer mechanobiology and multiscale modeling at the host and secondment institutes i will conduct microfluidic experiments and simulations by simplifying the vascular network as strategically designed porenetwork models first i will study the twoway interactions between the heterogeneous flow field and the deformable ctcs that control their overall transport deformation and trapping a heterogeneous flow field also induces a spatially nonuniform scalar concentration across the medium ctcs are highly sensitive to certain biochemicals that can alter motility and invasiveness of ctcs i will investigate how the local gradients of such biochemicals in a heterogeneous microsystem influence ctc migration finally i will study the collective migration of ctc clusters through the system and quantify the dynamic intracellular interaction by measuring membrane tension and intracellular adhesion forces these investigations will provide novel understandings on cancer metastasis that i will strategically communicate to research communities stakeholders and general public
stem and niche cell dynamics in normal and pathological conditions

coherent tissue growth and repair require an interplay between stem cells and their local and systemic environment the dynamics of this process remains poorly defined particularly at the intersection with disease cellular quiescence is adopted by many adult stem cells conferring them several features including a smaller cell volume and reduced metabolic demand suggesting that quiescence preserves stem cell properties making them less responsive to external cues we examined the status of skeletal muscle stem musc and niche cells during an influenza virus infection lung and cancer cachexia tumour in mice unexpectedly quiescent muscs remodelled their cellular metabolic and transcriptome properties extensively and tissue regeneration was impaired prompting us to define a novel cell state gpath whether gpath represents a coordinated response of stem cells to pathology or uncontrolled deregulation is unclear muscs exhibit remarkable diversity in gene regulation and function in distinct anatomical locations headlimb we discovered that cranial muscs display higher resistance to the pathologies compared to those in limb these observations have led us into a novel area of research to the best of my knowledge largely unexplored in model organisms and humans how stem and niche cells in one organ respond to pathologies present at a distal site we will examine the response of muscle and blood stem and niche cells to distal pathologies by defining their cellular metabolic molecular epigenetic and functional properties and their modes of cell division we will employ diverse multiomics approaches and novel mediumhighthroughput intravital and ex vivo imaging pipelines this work should provide new knowledge and tools to address an important but underinvestigated area of research where stem cell biology and pathologies converge the knowledge gained will be widely applicable to other stem cell systems and inform on human pathologies
formalisation of constructive univalent type theory

there has been in the past 15 years remarkable achievements in the field of interactive theorem proving both forchecking complex software and checking non trivial mathematical proofsfor software correctness x leroy inria and college de francehas been leading since 2006 the compcert project with a fully verified c compilerfor mathematical proofs these systems could handle complex argumentssuch as the proof of the 4 color theorem or the formal proof of feitthompson theoremmore recently the xena project lead by k buzzard is developing a large library of mathematical facts andhas been able to help the mathematician p scholze field medalist 2018 to check a highly non trivial proofall these examples have been carried out in systems based on the formalism of dependent type theory andon early work of the pi in parallel to these works also around 15 years agoa remarkable and unexpected correspondance was discovered between this formalismand the abstract study of homotopy theory and higher categorical structuresa special year 20122013 at the institute of advance study princeton was organised bythe late v voevodsky field medalist 2002 princeton s awodey cmu and the pipreliminary results indicate that this research direction is productiveboth for the understanding of dependent type systems and higher category theory and suggest several crucialopen questions the objective of this proposal is to analyse these questions with the ultimate goalof formulating a new way to look at mathematical objects and potentially a new foundation of mathematicsthis could in turn be crucial for the design of future proof systems able to handle complex highly modularsoftware systems and mathematical proofs
innovative solution for imaging of infiltrating monocytes

the societal burden of brain disorders such as multiple sclerosis ms alzheimers and parkinsons disease is enormous and is considered one of the worlds most important health challenges they affect millions of people worldwide and the annual healthcare costs are high and are increasing with the aging population there is an immediate need to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders inflammation is widely recognized to play an important role in many neurological disorders next to the response of microglia the resident immune cells in the central nervous system cns infiltration of monocytes from the blood occurs but the exact role of monocyte infiltration and the interplay between microglia and monocytes in vivo is still largely unknown clinical trials with chemokine receptor type 2 ccr2 antagonists aiming to reduce recruitment of monocytes and thereby reducing neuroinflammation do not show clinical efficacy together this emphasizes the need to unravel the role of infiltrating monocytes in human disease in vivo positron emission tomography pet is an imaging technique well suited to serve this purpose i propose to develop new pet tracers targeting ccr2 as a tool to visualize infiltration of monocytes in the cns in vivo to help elucidate their role in disease newly developed tracers will be evaluated in vitro ex vivo and in vivo in an animal model of ms a successful pet tracer will contribute to a better understanding of monocyte infiltration in disease in vivo and could ultimately serve as an important tool to guide drug development and evaluate novel diseasemodifying therapies and therapies inhibiting monocyte infiltration on a personal level the proposed project will have a significant impact on my career as new skills in neuroimaging computeraided drug design and in vitro target validation techniques will complement my previous expertise in organic chemistry radiochemistry and pet tracer development
deconstructing the electrodeelectrolyte interface by novel nmr methodology

more efficient rechargeable batteries must be developed for utilizing sustainable energy sources and stopping the rapidly advancing climate change the current technology cannot be merely extended for the nextgeneration storage systems new approaches are required especially for understanding and controlling the complex chemistry at the electrodeelectrolyte interface it has already been established that such control can in principle be realized by the solid electrolyte interphase sei a stable passivating layer formed on the electrode such a layer should enable continuous transport of ions across it but the fundamental understanding of what sei components and architectures may give rise to such transport is not yet available the ultimate goal of this erc project is to establish structurefunction correlation for the sei by implementing methodologies for directly probing interfaces at the atomicmolecular level and for guiding the design of novel interphaseswe will achieve this goal by introducing to materials science a set of nmr tools based on chemical exchange saturation transfer cest commonly used to study dynamics in biomolecularnmr here we propose to develop variants of cest to probe ion dynamics across the sei implementing these new approaches in situ we will disentangle the multistep transport process at the electrolyteseielectrode interfaces coupled with sensitivity enhancement by dynamic nuclear polarization from inherent polarization sources we will identify the sei components participating in the ion exchange processes integrating our results with the battery performance we will determine the pathways and bottlenecks for transport across the seiapplying advanced nmr methods combined with controlled surface chemistry to stateoftheart battery materials such as lithium and beyond metal anodes highenergy cathodes and composite electrolytes we will establish design rules for nextgeneration energy storage systems
thebet thetabeta dynamics in action execution

human actions are complex processes that require the coordination of numerous brain areas responsible for sensorimotor prediction sensory integration action planning decisionmaking movement execution and performance evaluation various neural oscillations in different frequency bands including delta theta alphamu beta and gamma have been identified as markers of these processes however their precise functional significance interrelationships and specificity remain poorly understood this proposal is dedicated to investigating the neural mechanisms involved in action execution and monitoring with a specific focus on the roles of frontal midline theta and sensorimotor beta activity the primary objective is to unravel the relationships between these neural activities and their contributions to the performance of goaloriented actions to achieve this i will record a new highdensity meg dataset with participants performing a large number of trials involving conflictinducing tasks the proposal is centered around three 3 subprojects sps subproject 1 sp1 focuses on unraveling the functional specificity of frontal thetas in goalrelated actions the main hypothesis of sp1 is that conflictrelated errorrelated and monitoringrelated theta activity exhibits different temporal dynamics eg burst vs sustained oscillation and originates from distinct neural sources subproject 2 sp2 will investigate the functional connectivity between thetas and beta activity during action execution beta activity in individual trials occurs in brief sporadic bursts rather than in sustained oscillations sp2 will explore longrange directed connectivity measures between actionmonitoring areas and m1 during motor execution considering the burstlike nature of beta and theta subproject 3 sp3 will combine results from sp1 and sp2 and focus on neurobehavioural joint modeling of conflict and error processing using drift diffusion models
resilient trust trusted smes for sustainable growth of europeans economical backbone to strengthen the digital sovereignty

the internet of things iot is promising as it drives the datafication of our everyday life and thus leverages synergies between originally considered dead things and enables them to proactively serve humans iot leads to a high automation potential with which we improve the life of billions of people and compensate for societal problems such as a growingly old population missing highskilled labour across europe or the efficiency limits in current production capabilities iot50 an artificial intelligence ai assisted internet of things could even more benefit society as the devices could even learn how to provide more value but the ubiquitous connectivity comes at a cost security levels have to rise tremendously to ensure a network stays secure and safe for humans this additional effort often is a burden for small and medium sized enterprises as the complexity and security demands of such systems rise faster than available resources this is especially dangerous as a single corrupted malicious device can result in the exploitation of the entire network of connected devices by an attacker consequently resilient trust focuses on endtoend security of iot processing chains with a focus on strong exploitation for smes this vision will be realized by developing specialized hardware to establish trust inbetween a network and a wall of resilience even against new attack methods such as post quantum attacks and ai based attacks the architecture of the secure processing chain will be carefully built after threat modelling asset identification risk analysis security objectives and requirements definition consequently resilient trust will address and significantly mitigate these major risks to enable iot50 that way this project will be a driver for sustainable development and the generation of convenience and wealth a solution is proposed to ensure endtoend security by boosting resilience and trust along different key supply chains of iot device
gates to language

language is perhaps the most prominent feature that distinguishes humans from the rest of the animal kingdom nevertheless many perceptual and learning mechanisms serving language acquisition are not tailored specifically to language nor to humans decades of research have shown that several animal species are equipped with perceptual cognitive and neural architectures that allow to learn language but only humans end up doing so the key features and mechanisms that make language learnable by very young humans are still unclear the gala project focuses on how humans begin to learn language exploring the biological nature of the mechanisms at the entrygate of language through a comparativedevelopmental approach involving nonhuman species human newborns infants and adultssyllables are essential processing units of speech at the onset of language acquisition through which newborns and infants preferentially encode and organize the speech signal my proposal is that the mechanisms that allow to parse syllables from speech emerge from evolutionaryancient sensory processes that likely evolved to compute different inputs in different species i will explore two alleged universal linguistic constraints responsible for parsing syllables and shaping the syllabic structure maximal onset principle research line 1 and sonority hierarchy research line 2 i will test such constraints across species and at distinct stages of human development as well as in distinct sensory modalities with behavioral and neuroimaging techniques the gala project will shed light on the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins of the mechanisms through which humans access language and will provide invaluable new knowledge that will bring us closer to understand why are humans the only species so far able to learn language