Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
reionization and signatures of early stars

understanding how the first stars and galaxies formed and drove the universes final phase transition by reionizing intergalactic hydrogen is one of the longstanding goals of extragalactic astronomy in the past two decades we have discovered this epoch of reionization ended around one billion years after the big bang redshift z 6 but the process is still poorly understood we are currently undergoing a radical shift in our ability to observe this epoch with the new james webb space telescope jwst early jwst observations have discovered a surprising excess of luminous z 9 galaxies implying stars may have formed differently in the early universe than we had previously expected however we can only observe the brightest galaxies directly enhanced star formationin the bulk of the early galaxy population should have produced an early start to reionization but this is stillvery poorly constrained observationally excitingly jwst finally enables us to chart reionization out to itsearliest stages and infer the properties of the first starsin rises i propose to analyse groundbreaking new datasets i am accruing as pi on jwst with stateoftheart statistical inference frameworks to connect observations of the bright galaxies visible with jwst to the evolution of the intergalactic mediumthe key aims of this proposal are to 1 test what drove the enhancement of star formation in the first bright galaxies 2 establish when reionization began to infer whether star formation was enhanced in the bulk of early galaxies and 3 understand how reionization proceeded by connecting galaxies to ionized regions for the first timethese measurements will push the boundaries of our knowledge of structure formation in the early universe and enable potential breakthroughs in our understanding of the formation of the first galaxies the regulation of star formation at the highest redshifts and the evolution of the intergalactic medium
social prescribing to promote and improve access to health and care services for people in vulnerable situations in europe

social prescribing sp is an innovative solution to bridging the gap between primary health care and nonclinical supports and services within the community sp enables general practitioners who identify healthrelated social problems to refer patients to a socalled link worker the link worker provides personalized support and helps these patients to access community resources by addressing any barriers that may exist sp is an approach to integrate health and social care and strengthen community orientation sp thereby mitigates the effects of social determinants of health on health outcomes however sp has not been tailored to the needs of people in vulnerable situations yet and the effectiveness of sp to improve their access to health and care services remains unknownthe overall objective of speu is to assess the potential of sp to promote and improve access to health and care services for people in vulnerable situations focusing on three primary target groups lgbtiq persons refugees and firstgeneration immigrants and older adults living alonespeu follows a mixedmethods approach sp adaptations will be cocreated with the target groups to adapt them to their specific needs and social contexts a pragmatic randomized controlled trial will assess the effectiveness of the adapted sp to improve access by randomizing 1776 patients in eight eu countries to receive sp or care as usual a qualitative analysis in five european countries will explore enabling and limiting factors to the implementation of sp from different stakeholders perspectives additionally we will communicate and disseminate results and translate them into policy actionspeu will enable health care systems to implement sp as a scalable safe costeffective and peoplecentred solution to provide equal access to sustainable care thus speu will enable the transformation of european health care systems to equitable communitybased peoplecentred and integrated health care
countering oppositional political extremism through attuned dialogue track attune limit

oppattune tracks the evolution of oppositional extreme ideologies and protectionist decisionmaking develops an innovative attunement model and tests a series of interventions at the national and transnational levels which limit the spread of extremism oppattune revitalises trust in key democratic institutions its actions involve an online iattune selftest interactive to build democratic capacity across diverse publics oppattune will create an oppattune summer academy for students and researchers 2025 and an oppattune winter academy for practitioners and policymakers 2026 oppattune provides micro meso and macro level evidencebased recommendations and strategies designed to counter the potential of extreme narratives to disrupt democratic growth it delivers this via a multidisciplinary consortium of 17 countries across the eu and its peripherydemocracies and the european project are under threat by extremism and lack of political and social dialogue existential insecurities arising out of economic and refugeerelated crises have been exacerbated by covid19 to create rebordering eg xenophobicnationalism and reshoring eg the localisation of production oppositional worldviews narratives and dissensus within public debate are all vital to a functioning democracy however destructive polarisation of oppositional usthem logic is at the core of the rise of extremist narratives disruptive actors polarise oppositional logic using disinformation emotions hot cognitions conspiracy theories and mistrust to create new forms of direct action this direct action is understood to many as direct democracy this direct action cultivates unlikely coalitions creating attractive alternative onlineoffline worlds which spread extreme narratives into the mainstream via deep rooted sociological and historical pathways oppattune will track attune and limit extreme narratives to foreground eu transnational freedoms and multilateralism
the role of palmitoylation erasers in cancer metastasis

metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with cancer a better understanding of the mechanisms driving metastasis is critical to develop more effective anticancer treatments the fatty acid palmitate has been recently identified as fuel for metastasispromoting pathways however why palmitate has such a unique prometastatic effect compared to other fatty acids with similar metabolic fates remains elusive strikingly i discovered that palmitoylation a reversible posttranslational protein modification driven solely by palmitate is essential for metastasizing breastcancer cells unexpectedly i found that palmitoylation erasers enzymes that remove the modification are essential to sustain prometastatic effects of palmitate during metastatic colonization therefore i hypothesize that in palmitaterich conditions eg under highfat diet palmitoylation anchor oncogenic proteins to membranes to get activated functioning as a priming event while erasers act as a ratelimiting release step allowing primed proteins to engage in prometastatic signaling i will investigate how the dynamics of palmitoylation promote metastasis by focusing on the erasers whose role in metastasis remains largely unexplored specifically i will 1 define how erasers influence prometastatic signaling events in metastasizing cells 2 investigate how erasers activity is regulated in metastasizing cells and 3 assess how organ microenvironments and palmitaterich diet condition eraser activity i will address this by integrating multiomics molecular biology and mass spectrometry techniques with clinically relevant in vivo metastasis models palmerasers will serve as a proof of concept for palmitoylationbased therapies with the goal of preventing or treating metastases by focusing on the influence of diet i will also enhance clinical translation of these findings by defining which patients will respond most effectively to palmitoylationbased therapies
diving into the mineralogy and structure of exotic rocky exoplanets

determining the diversity of exoplanets compositions and structure is fundamental for investigating the earths uniqueness the improvement of groundbased instruments and the launch of new space missions eg jwst is providing unprecedented information as to exoplanets masses radii and atmospheric speciation however none of these properties can uniquely constrain the nature of planetary interiors which dictate their geological evolution in order to interpret these new observations and identify future exoplanet targets the implementation of accurate interior models is required at present much of our knowledge on exoplanets interior comes from analogue experiments on earthlike compositions performed over pressuretemperaturecomposition spaces relevant for the solar system stellar data however has indicated a greater compositional diversity than in our own solar system thereby preventing an accurate description of the mineralogy and structure of orbiting planets exodivers aims to bridge the gap between astronomical observations and the interior properties of exoplanets by investigating the evolution of stable mineralogical assemblages for exotic compositions expected in exoplanetary cores and mantles with pressure and temperature the experimental bulk compositions will derive from spectroscopic data of observed host stars providing access to a compositional space that remains yet unstudied experiments will be performed to determine the stability of different minerals and refine their thermodynamic properties these new data will supplement existing databases and will be used to calculate the mantle and core mineralogy of exoplanets this novel approach obviates the earthcentric view of exoplanets mineralogy that has characterized the field up to this point and will be implemented to determine a priori how variations in the interior affect geological processes including the possibility of starting convection or activating a dynamo
gaseous detectors for neutrino physics at the european spallation source

the recent detection of the coherent elastic neutrinonucleus scattering cenns opens the possi bility of using neutrinos to explore physics beyond the standard model deploying small detectors however the cenns process generates signals at the few kev level requiring very sensitive detection technologies the european spallation source ess has been identified as an optimal source of low energy neutrinos offering an opportunity to explore at depth the physics of cenns with large discovery potential in this project i propose to apply the highpressure noble gas tpc technology to the detection of the cenns process at the ess this will require the detection techniques sensitive to very lowenergy depositions as well as improving the current knowledge of the quenching factor for nuclear recoils in xenon argon and neon gas at kev energies this project proposes the development of a novel detector able to hold 20 kg of xenon gas at high pressure the device will operate at the ess providing more than 7000 cenns events per year potentially overtaking the sensitivities of much larger detectors in current spallation sources operation with xenon will explore most of the possible new physics associated with the cenns process furthermore the high pressure technology offers the possibility to operate the same detector with different gases at minimal extra costs thus providing a unique tool to further explore any signatures of new physics at the ess
nextgen of sustainable biobased chemical platforms and polymers enhancing sustainability in european industry

successfully scaling up the sustainable and biodegradable materials is essential for the future growth of european industry to compete with wellestablished fossilbased chemicals biobased alternatives need to solve the triple equation of environmental safe economic and societal performance at the same time it must be economically viable on an industrial scale and possess properties akin or superior to existing petroleumderived analogues few biobased polymers have met this challenge nextstep will build on the h2020 biocatpolymers project to demonstrate a sustainable safe and economically viable production process for a new chemical platform with large scale applications notably in the biobased polymer market nextstep will use harwdood sugars produced from sustainably managed forest at the flagship plant of the project partner fibenol nextstep has defined ambitious kpis for its process regarding its economic performances as well as its biomass and energy efficiency the new chemical platform the 3methyldvalerolactone 3mdvl will improve the sustainability and recyclability of polyurethane pu products and unlock new engineering plastic applications for polylactic acid pla copolymers together with its derivate 3methyl 15pentanediol 3mpd the 3mdvl can also be used as a biobased polyol component in the traditional pu and other plastic production processesnextstep will demonstrate the applicability of its chemical platform by demonstrating its use as a feedstock for the production of i polylactic acid pla copolymers for shoe outsole and of ii recyclable non isocyanate polyurethane foams for shoe midsole and insulation materials applications five other applications will be selected for demonstration together with the polymer industry during the project
scientific excellence in nanocatalysis at the heyrovsk institute

the overall aim of the nanocat project is to boost scientific excellence in nanocatalysis at j heyrovsk institute of physical chemistry hipc by creating a consortium network with outstanding research institutions university ulm and vienna university of technology the consortium benefits from and fully utilizes complementary competencies both at the scientific and management level the partner institutions participate in joint research projects in the progressive field of physical chemistry namely nanocatalysis bringing together all expertise and approaches instrumental to achieving the scientific objectives by uniquely combining nanocatalysis synthesis surface science and electrochemistry from experiment to theory collaboration with respected experts enhances the visibility of hipc in the european context builds further scientific links and fosters the hipc integration into european research area aselfstanding activity is the creation of a european office at hipc the project structure comprises scientific exchanges of research staff empowering the performance of nanocatalysis science scientific exchanges of earlystage researchers esrs supporting equal opportunities and gender balance organization of communitybuilding events such as opening and concluding international conference in nanocatalysis reaching better visibility and increasing the profile of all partner institutions as well as organizing summer schools with esrs presenting their scientific achievements and gaining additional communication and soft skills dissemination and communication to target audience and project management structure guaranteeing smooth project implementation the project dedicates a specific attention to esr from the coordinator institution reflecting young researchers needs and encouraging ambitious challenging and international collaborative spirit
building energy efficient system through short and long spectrum thermal energy storage

buildings consume most of the worlds electricity and as much as 50 of their consumption is used to cover thermal demands some actual developments such as the growing use of electrical vehicles and the usage of heat pumps are affecting electricity consumption and peak demand and their impacts will only increase in the future the excessive high energy demand entails significant negative environmental and economic impacts consequently it is imperative to increase use of demand response strategies that shift electricity use from peak to offpeak periods the beststorage project is an important step to achieve the goal of peak load reduction and shifting energy saving and energy cost minimization moreover technologies for storing renewables for longer timespans of months or seasons are scarce and costly and thus not widely used yet large amounts of energy are needed for heat supply of buildings in cold winter months when solar energy is scarce and in general when renewable sources cannot cover the demand thus seasonal storage solutions will be a necessary technology for a full decarbonisation of the energy supply system in beststorage long and shortterm highenergy density storage solutions will be developed and demonstrated in four demo cases around europe a thermochemical and lossfree storage technology will be developed as a seasonal storage two phase change materials slurry concepts and a vacuum insulated water storage will be developed for cold and warm applications respectively with the aim of shifting peak load demands finally storage solutions will be integrated within smart building energy management systems featuring model predictive controls to reduce operation cost for shortterm applications
singleatom catalysts for a new generation of chemical processes from fundamental understanding to interface engineering

the grand challenge for the chemical industries of the 21st century is the transition to more sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials and eliminate waste catalysis engineering is the key enabling technology to drive this transition and singleatom catalysis is an emerging new approach to catalyst design however major questions concerning the local structure of these systems their reactivity and their evolution when prepared and structurally integrated into chemical devices are elusivethis project will address these important scientific gaps laying the foundation for a new generation of catalysts for co2 conversion to unveil their microscale functioning i will study for the first time the charge transfer taking place before during and after reactant adsorption and surface reactivity this will be done combining synthesis operando characterizations microkinetics and theoretical methods then merging microreactor technology and process intensification i will manufacture singleatom catalysts in powder and as miniaturized thin films or foams using new scalable and greener methods this will bypass current limitations in terms of efficiency and metal dispersion and close the gap on challenges related to catalystreactor integration bridging chemical and device engineering the materials will be validated in the valorization of co2 to derive structurefunction relationships and prove major catalytic improvements under realistic conditionsoverall this is a fundamental and interdisciplinary project with ambitious objectives and highriskhighgain potential that will go beyond the traditional pillars of catalysis the scientific outcomes will provide new perspectives in catalysis and open paths in other fields such as materials chemistry green synthesis and purification science my pioneering contributions in this field and new proofofconcept data place me in a unique position to undertake this fundamental study
intelligent radiation sensor readout system

the vision of irase is to pioneer a new class of radiation sensor systeminpackage sip chips at the intersection of computer science and neuroscienceoriented approaches to artificial intelligence ai developmentthe irase project aims to design build test and implement the first onthefly photonbyphoton radiation detector with transformational potential for various radiation applications such as medical imaging industrial inspection scientific space instrumentation environmental monitoring and morethe irase project will develop physicsinspired artificial neural networks anns for comprehensive sensor signal processing sp and realtime rt measurement of radiation interactions it will compact this technology into an ultimate vision for sp embedded in hardware hw as an allinone sip enabling cost and energyefficient detection and intelligent radiation data output with unparalleled accuracy and speed this approach enhances measurement precision and speed by utilizing complex sp event characterization and onthefly processing of incident radiationinduced signals in near realtime as a result it facilitates the retrieval of comprehensive information on incident radiation ultimately improving measurement accuracy and speed while reducing digital data output
remote ethnography of xinjiang uyghur autonomous region methodology and research capacity building

remote ethnography of xinjiang uyghur autonomous region methodology and research capacity building this project seeks to develop a methodology of remote ethnography to collect data and produce analysis of xinjiang uyghur autonomous region xuar in the central asian northwest corner of the peoples republic of china it aims to establish a consolidated research group train the researchers in methods relevant for remote ethnography and through their interactions develop both a remote ethnography of xuar and a sound methodology of remote ethnography for areas with limited access the motivation for this is that the developments in xuar and the abuse committed against the muslim minorities in the region have become major geopolitical issues central for the eu and european countries choices of future engagement and cooperation with china and the us at the same time access to xuar itself has become extremely limited and the information gained from the area often heavily politically biased fragmented and unreliable further the rise of surveillance securitisation and authoritarianism world wide suggest that such places will increase rather than decrease over the next decades it is therefore both important to gather reliable and deep knowledge of xuar and to develop solid methodological tools for approaching such closed state or privately controlled areas through this project palacky university olomouc upol along with the two partner universities würzburg universitt and universit libert bruxelles will become important interconnected hubs in a strengthening network of researchers on xuar will place upol on the map as a force in xuar studies and in methodological innovation of remote ethnography and will provide reliable information on the region to media policy makers ngos and other nonacademic stakeholders including the uyghur diaspora community to whom a degree of ownership of the knowledge produced about them and their region must be reinstated
clear scalable and scientific framework to measure terrestrial biodiversity

3bee applies technology to measure and regenerate ecosystem biodiversity using bees as sentinels we collect data through 3 assets hivetech iot sensor integrated in honey beehives to measure the health of a colony spectrum sensor for wildlife monitoring thanks to noises sampled and analysed throughout the year we monitor pollinators avifauna and insects in real time flora satellite data collection with the support of european space agency for agronomic analysis flora density flowering intensitythen we quantify a biodiversity index through a scientific methodology and select biodiversity regeneration projects proposed by the 4000 beekeepers and growers of our networkbiodiversity enhancement is measured through data on nectar potential honey production insects diversity and frequency and our pollination abundance index this enhancement is certified by means of a disciplinary protocol that follows iso standards elemente protocol and biodiversity credits are generated for establishing the benefits associated with regenerative techniques thanks to our technology and ai algorithms our methodology is scalable we can exploit data of an area where our inthefield sensors are installed to assess biodiversity in a much larger territoryour first customers are large corporations they have 4 why to buy esg reporting improvement improve transparency of the value chain improved brand positioning improved enps employee net promoter scoreby promoting biodiversity offset projects and generating certified biodiversity credits thanks to 3bee all these needs will be met