Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
the plasma physics of galaxy clusters in a cosmological context connecting micro and macro scales

the intracluster medium provides a window into the formation history of galaxy clusters and understanding its detailed dynamics eg turbulence and heatingcooling balance is of paramount importance for cosmology galaxy formation and even plasma physics upcoming xray telescopes will soon be able to directly measure the velocity of the intracluster medium in exquisite detail this is bound to revolutionize our understanding of galaxy cluster dynamics merger activity and fundamental plasma processes across a vast range of scales under conditions which are impossible in terrestrial labsthese imminent advances in observational xray astronomy demand a similar advancement in our theoretical understanding a severe limitation of current cosmological simulations is that they assume that the intracluster medium is fully collisional even though it is known to be only weakly collisional this mcsa fellowship will allow me to perform the first cosmological galaxy cluster simulations that move beyond the collisional assumption in order to make detailed predictions for the weakly collisional turbulent medium the results of this work will be useful for observers using galaxy clusters in order to to constrain cosmological parameters and to plasma physicists using galaxy clusters as a plasma physics laboratoryi will carry out the project at the niels bohr institute in collaboration with prof troels haugblle who is an expert on zoom simulations plasma physics cosmology and turbulence and with dr henrik latter an expert on the physics of weakly collisional plasmas during a secondment at the university of cambridge the mcsa fellowship will allow me to take leadership in the emerging field of highfidelity comparisons between cosmological simulations and xray observations and its extensive training program will prepare me well for my next career stage as i seek to build my own group and obtain a permanent position in europe
a numerical integrated model for the power output of floating offshore wind farms that are fully gridconnected during sea storms

the implementation of the energy policy to clean our energy system will lead to massive offshore wind power installations in the coming decades thus causing the electricity grid balance to increasingly rely on intermittent renewable energy sources such dependence and the increased electrification leaves power grids vulnerable to the risk of negative impacts of climateinduced weather extremes nevertheless the effects of extreme events on the reliability of electricity distribution systems remain an open question and to address this point impower is proposed here the action aims to develop a numerical integrated model to predict the power generation performance of emerging offshore wind technologies during storm conditions and anticipate their impact on power grids impower will set a comprehensive numerical strategy to assess the power output of offshore wind farms that comprise wind turbines installed on floating platforms highfidelity modeling techniques for simulating marine structures and harsh marine conditions involving wind effects floating foundations and power generators will be combined three representative configurations of floating offshore wind turbines fowts will be arrayed into wind farms to provide relevance to the layouts their design will be tackled in cooperation with the worldleading project developer hexicon ab sweden therefore the computational tool will be used to investigate the power output of the fowts by assessing their transient response when the peak of storms usually lasting three or four hours hits the wind farm owing to the effort required by the numerical procedure hardware acceleration provided by the national supercomputer centre sweden will be used to perform the calculations the knowledge gained from the power production variability during storms using impower for different platform configurations will permeate fowt design and optimization procedures and support power grid upgrades
global strategy for skills migration and development

in light of eu challenges relating to an aging workforce and the energy transition the eu faces a shortage of relevant skills gs4s seeks to better understand global skills shortages in selected sectors digital care and construction and strengthens evidencebased policies through new evidence on various overlooked global mobility schemes uniquely a business perspective at macro meso and micro levels is central to the proposal juxtaposing local strategies for filling skills shortages of multinational enterprises and small and medium enterprises in global value chains moreover we focus on skilled migrant workers experiences with skilling upskilling and reskilling in eu and noneu regional contexts we propose multilevel policies on labour migration governance and alternative ways for addressing these shortages in the six regions eu eea western balkan middle east and northern africa west africa and southsoutheast asia using mixedmethods research the interdisciplinary consortium with partners in austria belgium estonia italy netherlands switzerland egypt nigeria and bangladesh aims to provide exploitable datasets and practical tools for policy makers businesses and educational institutions in the eu and noneu countries towards improved matching of skills to address labour market needs in doing so the project aims to contribute to a socially sustainable wellbeing oriented global strategy for skills migration and development
reinforcement twinning systems from collaborative digital twins to modelbased reinforcement learning

the concept of digital twins promises to revolutionize engineering by offering new avenues for optimization control and predictive maintenance digital twins seek to virtually replicate systems using models that continuously learn from data automatizing data collection validation and refinement and becoming selflearning models however this concept is not yet established in engineering and requires significant developments in integrating machine learning with traditional domainspecific knowledge the retwist project tackles this challenge with two objectives the first objective is to develop a new framework that puts fundamental principles at the core of digital twinning and combines the training of a digital twin with the training of a controlling agent in ways that allow one to learn from the other the agent learns by trial and error as in reinforcement learning while interacting with the system and using the digital twin as a playground i call this novel framework reinforcement twinning rt the second objective is to develop rt on labscale prototypes of systems at the centre of global challenges these are the optimal operation of wind turbines drone propellers sloshing tanks and cryogenic liquid storage wind turbines drive the fastestgrowing renewable energy sector
atmospheric tracing of earths evolution

planetary atmospheres are fundamental reservoirs controlling the habitability of planets the chemical and isotopic compositions of atmospheric constituents also hold clues on the geological evolution of the entire planetary body today earths atmosphere contains about 80 dinitrogen and 20 dioxygen yet there is no scientific consensus on how and why these two molecules emerged and persisted in the earths atmosphere the interactions between the atmosphere and the continental crust also play a major role in controlling the bioavailability of nutrients and the composition of the atmosphere and thus the climate however the evolution of the volume of continental crust over time is strongly debated project attracte will significantly improve our knowledge of the main drivers of atmospheric evolution over time this will be achieved by going back in time and following the evolution of the composition of the earths atmosphere over geological eons analyses of gases contained in traditional and new paleoatmospheric proxies the postimpact hydrothermal minerals will be carried out with innovative mass spectrometry techniques the isotopic composition of paleoatmospheric xenon will provide new constraints on the history of hydrogen escape for the archean earth coupled argon and nitrogen measurements will allow to determine for the first time the evolution of the partial pressure of atmospheric dinitrogen paleoatmospheric data gathered during the project will be fed in numerical models of earths atmospheric and crustal evolution this will allow to reconstruct how volatile elements have been exchanged between the silicate earth and the atmosphere through time results gathered during project attracte will ultimately provide new datasets for climate studies of the ancient earth but will also help building the scientific framework required to interpret future observations of exoplanetary atmospheres and to portray the geology of extrasolar planets
gene regulatory network architecture in neuronal development

stem cellbased therapy is an attractive way to treat a panel of asyet incurable diseases amongst which is parkinsons disease caused by the progressive degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic mesda neurons to make this a reality efficient and precise differentiation protocols of human embryonic stem cells hescs need to be developed while a protocol for differentiation of mesda neurons exists little is known about the resulting progenitors homogeneity and the mechanisms that control their maintenance expansion and differentiation mesda neurons arise from ventral midbrain progenitors whose differentiation requires the transcription factor neurogenin 2 ngn2 ngn2 acts as a master regulator by binding to and stimulating transcription of a panel of poorly defined target genes while itself negatively regulated by hes1 one of the main effectors of notch signalling yet the involvement of notch signalling in mesda differentiation and the composition of the hes1ngn2 gene regulatory network grn ie the group of genes under their transcriptional control in this context remains largely unknownthe aim of this action is to determine the mechanisms by which hes1 ngn2 and their grn control mesda differentiation building upon and expanding existing tools and knowledge in the host lab i will use a multidisciplinary approach combining genome editing and hesc biology to derive mesda progenitors from a panel of wildtype and hes1ngn2 ko hescs cell lines with a multiomics approach to define the members of the hes1ngn2 grn and unravel its mechanism of action the synergy between the expertise of the host lab in developmental and stem cell biology and my extensive knowledge of bioinformatics and experience in the generation of multiomics datasets will allow to both improve the efficacy and quality of the current mesda differentiation protocols as well as expand fundamental knowledge about the architecture of grns regulated by notch signalling
eu face advanced communication for elders treasuring in society

eufacets aims at maximising the value of the erc consolidator project facets by developing a familyoriented social network app based on visage some faces were excluded from the forced digitalization of all faces due to the increasing digitalisation of our lives accelerated by the covid19 pandemic those of the elders the pandemic was just underlining an already existing issue facebased social networks have been designed by young people for young people they focus on connecting people who are distant in space but fail to connect people who are distant in time they help individuals treasure and share their own memories those attached to digital pictures and selfies yet they are oblivious of memories that are enshrined in predigital photographs eufacets aims to alleviate this issue by developing an app establishing a new familyoriented social network based on visage through the app members of extended families will be able to digitalize analogic pictures send it in this digital form to the elder who will then be able to tell a story about the picture the story will be made available to the family which will be able to listen to it and to integrate it with secondary narratives finally through facial recognition and artificial intelligence the app will suggest automatic identification of visages photographed in subsequent pictures and facilitate the reconstruction of the narrative the solution will grow around the elders with the only purpose of reconnecting them with their distant relatives friends and acquaintances as well as with the predigital past of their visage this is done without any logics of commodification and control standardization and commercial exploitation underlying existing facebased digital platforms
automated monitoring in horticulture through spectral analysis with quantum dot detectors and highresolution optical filters

the hortiqd project aims to develop an affordable and easytouse machine vision system for precision farming the objective is to build a hyperspectral shortwave infra red camera working in the wavelength range of 1 2 m with integrated point detection at smaller wavelengths specifically suitable for orchard monitoring to reach this goal we propose a novel detector type based on qd technology based on lead and mercuryfree qds in compliance with eu regulations and reducing the component cost by approximately 99 the optical filter will allow for high spectral and spatial resolution tunable to specific application requirements by design the hyperspectral images recorded invivo will be analyzed by deeplearning algorithms in order to identify diseases in an early state and assess the plant health starting with apples a data management and correlation system will be set up and present the derived diagnoses and measures directly to the farmer in realtime the system will be mounted on an already existing autonomous tractor customized for horticulture in order to verify the feasibility and targeted trls under realistic conditions in several orchard types hortiqd will help to reduce or avoid the usage of pesticides in european orchards paving the way towards sustainable farming and increasing food quality it will scale up the intensity of monitoring by automation hence ensure the reliability of european food production it will help analyze and address the impacts of climate changethe project aims for a fully integrated solution consisting of several innovative sub components each of the developments brings benefit to the industry it addresses and opens up new markets beyond agriculture and food
circular rnas to reverse pathological remodelling of the injured heart

heart failure hf is a most common cause of mortality with currently 60 million of affected patients numbers will increase due to socioeconomic factors and as a result of the current covid19 pandemic a major underlying cause of hf are cardiac remodelling processes at the molecular cellular and tissue level we will here focus on noncoding circular rnas circrna involved in two distinct forms of cardiac injury chemotherapyinduced cardiotoxicity and sarscov2infection where currently no specific treatment strategies are available to reverse disease pathology first proofofconcept studies targeting the cardiac remodelling process by noncoding rna modulation have been pioneered by us and were recently tested in a worldwide first clinical phase 1b study in hf patients within the family of noncoding rnas circrnas are stable and speciesconserved and thus ideal drug targets we discovered multiple molecular circrna signatures during remodelling of cardiac cells and tissues from mice and patients we now aim to lift our research to its next inflection point with the following steps and interconnected objectives a discover key functional circular rnas involved in remodelling processes by functional crisprcas library screening b validate circrnas by manipulating human living beating myocardial tissue c explore their mode of action and d perform targeted cardiac delivery approaches of selected candidates in both chemotherapyinduced cardiotoxicity and sarscov2induced cardiac disease models a combination of bioinformatic molecular and physiologybased methods unique established noncoding rna drug discovery pipelines availability of modern s3safety labs large clinical biobanks and fresh human cardiac tissue for slicing preparations form the basis for a successful strategy reverse aims to discover fundamentally new therapeutic entry points for two forms of cardiac injuries where currently no diseasespecific treatments are available
modelling and computer simulations of postrelease movements of european lynx species to improve decisionmaking and success of conservation translocations

conservation translocations ct assist to restore populations of relevant animal species for ecosystem and biodiversity enhancement such as the two emblematic species of lynx in europe the eurasian and the iberian lynx often ct show partial success due to multiple environmental and local human factors moreover the selection of release sites is mostly based on expert knowledge and habitat selection analyses of animals in their source environment critical to improving release site selection methods is the use of empirical information from the observed postrelease behaviour of already translocated lynxes using cuttingedge animal movement analyses and computational simulations in the context of conducted reintroduction programs of the eurasian and the iberian lynx in slovenia and spain respectively this project will assist to improve decisionmaking on release site and ct success it will 1 model the postrelease behavioural states of both reintroduced eurasian lynxes and iberian lynxes prior to settling and how they are related to environmental and human factors and 2 produce lynxonthemove a software to simulate and predict optimal release site scenarios this multidisciplinary research will combine geospatial methods reintroduction science conservation biology and animal ecology and behaviour the fellow has outstanding experience and expertise in these fields obtained in new zealand and europe which in conjunction with the expertise of miha krofel action supervisor in carnivore ecology and conservation will ensure a valuable transfer of knowledge and enable me to carry out research that will have an impact for europe findings will be openly disseminated in scientific publications conferences seminars workshops and general publications and the media thus scientists stakeholders the general public will all greatly benefit this action will provide the fellow with greatly valuable training to become an independent researcher
timedomain analysis to study the lifecycle and evolution of supermassive black holes

the proposed network aspires to provide high quality doctorate training to a core group of young researchers in one of the most visible and fastdeveloping areas of astrophysics the lifecycle of supermassive black holes and their impact on the evolution of galaxies the key innovative aspects of the proposed training include i the leveraging of timedomain astronomy observations from stateoftheart facilities to map the inner environments of supermassive black holes ii the use of novel analysis methods from the discipline of data science to maximise the information gain from the observations iii the development of new models and theories to interpret the data and learn about physics iv the extensive interaction with the industrial sector to promote key technical and complementary skills that are essential for future market leaders training in the proposed science theme is needed now to exploit the increasing influx of timedomain observations and prepare for the imminent explosion in data volume and quality as new dedicated facilities eg vera rubin telescope einstein probe with strong european involvement see first light in the next 12 years the ultimate goal of the network is to enhance the human capital of europe thereby contributing to major societal priorities such as the digital transformation through new technologies or the competitiveness and environmental neutrality of the european economy through innovative solutions
memory access in language how we store and retrieve linguistic information

to be able to talk and to understand each other we have to continuously store and retrieve linguistic information in linguistics the dominant approach to studying the processes of storing and recall of linguistic information from shortterm memory assumes that we can access all items in parallel and that the most highly activated items are the most likely to be retrieved activation in turn can be boosted by the requirements of the current cognitive contextthis model is related to theories of memory developed independently of linguistics in linguistics it has been supported by rich research on production and comprehension the model however has been applied very narrowly it focuses only on the recall of some syntactic items for instance the recall of arguments during the processing of a verb other functions of memory fall outside the approachthe projects core idea is that the memory model can be applied to many other cases in which memory has a decisive role we will do this by linking the model to theories of other language phenomena developed in linguistics cognitive sciences and artificial intelligence first we will link it to computational models of lexical knowledge which will enable us to fully and formally represent what the current cognitive context is and to build an indiscriminate and general approach to memory access second we will link it to computational models of grammatical knowledge to understand how we store and recall grammatical rules finally we will link it to discourse theories to have an analysis of storage and recall of textual informationthe project will lead to a new view on the memory model one that is general and crossdomain it will provide a more principled account of how memory affects language will give us a new insight into why the theories of lexical knowledge grammatical knowledge and discourse theories work and it will make it possible to tie together accounts that are often treated as independent
why two and not one evolutionary consequences of maintaining individual genome copies in two separate nuclei

the effect of ploidy and genome organization on evolution and adaptation is a central question in biology most organisms contain a single nucleus per cell irrespective of their genome size and ploidy level the kingdom fungi represents a notable yet significantly understudied exception most fungal species partition individual haplotype genome copies into discrete nuclei what evolutionary advantages arise from partitioning different haplotypes into multiple nuclei is a fundamental and unsolved puzzle in eukaryote genomics this project addresses several questions that will improve our fundamental understanding of multinuclear genome biology by identifying genetic and epigenetic internuclear differences in the stripe rust fungus puccinia striiformis f sp tritici pst in contrast to diploids it partitions its two haplotypes into two distinct nuclei dikaryon it is one of the most harmful wheat pathogens with significant impacts on global wheat production and food security pst epidemics in wheat growing regions including europe and australia have been dominated by lineages that reproduced exclusively asexually for decades the haplotypes of the asexually evolving lineages diverge over time through independent accumulation of genetic variation in this proposal i will dissect how the presence of multiple nuclei in the same cytoplasm in rust fungi contributes to rapid adaptation to variable and changing agricultural environments understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive rapid evolution of new genotypes in absence of sexual recombination is important to make predictions about durability of host resistance and management strategies