Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
distributed radar interferometry and tomography using clusters of smallsats

earth science benefits tremendously from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar by combining multiple images taken from different angles we can create accurate digital elevation models and highresolution tomograms that unveil the threedimensional structure of vegetation ice and dry soil whereas today such images are acquired sequentially with conventional satellites compromising product quality and hindering the monitoring of fast dynamics dritucs envisions distributed sensor concepts to acquire all data in a single pass paving the way for effective and powerful monitoring of our planet we exploit clusters of smallsats and build highquality products from noisy and undersampled data this makes a key contribution to multidimensional imaging theory and represents a paradigm shift from stateoftheart techniques that demand expensive highquality imagery to create digital elevation models and tomograms smallsats can be massmanufactured and lead to lowcost solutions they are a disruptive newspace technology that needs to be complemented by novel distributed approaches to replace and enhance large aperture high power radar systems we are pursuing three scientific paths to lay the foundations of a distributed multibaseline interferometry b distributed tomography and c multipleinput multipleoutput tomography that takes advantage of waveform diversity to infer unique information about different scattering mechanisms in natural and manmade environments the elaboration of theoretical models and the development of signal processing algorithms will be complemented by experimental demonstrations with drones dritucs is a giant leap for radar remote sensing with a significant impact on numerous applications it will pose the basis for future advanced earth observation missions that will offer remarkable societal benefits and boost european capabilities in the emerging newspace sector
cryptographic foundation for secure and scalable distributed systems

many of todays criticamany of todays critical infrastructures such as power grids or cellular networks are distributed systems which arecomprised of autonomous nodes connected over a network to avoid single points of failure a central goal indistributed systems is to implement such systems in a faulttolerant manner faulttolerant systems remain secure andavailable even if some minority of nodes crash or spread incorrect information to improve robustness and scalabilitycuttingedge systems frequently rely on cryptography in spite of its benefits careless use of cryptography can incurperformance penalties or lead to vulnerabilities both of these aspects significantly complicate its use in practice asa result many realworld systems use cryptography sparingly and therefore lack both robustness and scalability toimprove this unsatisfying state of affairs the objectives of cryptosystems are as follows new formal models established formal models from cryptography and distributed systems pursue independentsecurity goals and therefore lack compatibility cryptosystems will develop new more appropriateformal models for analyzing the security of cryptographic distributed systems efficient and robust distributed algorithms the use of cryptography is currently underexplored indistributed systems cryptosystems will present exciting new applications of cryptography that will leadto the development of more robust and scalable distributed systems cryptography for distributed algorithms cryptography is seldom developed with distributed algorithms asits primary usecase in mind this results in inefficient or unwieldy cryptography which hampers the efficiencyof distributed algorithms to counteract this cryptosystems will develop cuttingedge cryptography suchas compact signatures and communication efficient distributed randomness generation routines importantlythese tools will be specifically geared toward use in distributed algorithms
training in cuttingedge battery technologies highperformance materials and researchers for future electrochemical storage

secondary batteries are critical technologies to ensure the forthcoming energy transition a main aspect of the european green deal in order to achieve carbonneutrality by 2050 there is thus a strong need to rapidly develop the future high energy density low cost and safe batteries to support the massive and rapidly developing ev market and to secure the eu industrial and economic growths riders aims to establish a highquality research and training program with groundbreaking objectives spanning over the full value chain of battery production from the design processing and multiscale characterization of original advanced materials ie electrodes separators polymer electrolytes binders to their implementation into eu gen 4a and gen 5 batteries as well as their properties and performance assessment ie advanced electrochemistry and interfacial science operando analyses and theoretical modelling riders research and training program rely on the multidisciplinary expertise of 10 internationally renowned academic beneficiaries and 8 industrial partners including 3 smes originating from 7 european countries riders will provide to 10 earlystage researchers doctoral candidates dcs a unique combination of advanced and transferable skills within an innovative multidisciplinary and intersectoral scientific environment the research program will address the development of cuttingedge battery technologies to contribute to the eu strategic energy independence riders will offer dcs a unique combination of local and networkwide trainings in the fields of advanced materials and electrochemical storage future strongholds of the eu industries and key provider of new jobs in the forthcoming decades this together with their training in transferrable skills will improve their career prospects as highquality researchers and will prepare them as highly attractive candidates for industry academia or future entrepreneurs
lorentzian calderon problem visibility and invisibility

this project addresses questions in the mathematical theory of inverse problems a research field at the interface between pure and applied mathematics the techniques that will be developed lie at the intersection of partial differential equations and geometry with affinity to control theory and general relativity the lorentzian calderon problem is central to the proposal a physical interpretation of the problem asks us to recover a moving medium given data generated by acoustic waves probing the medium and seen from the mathematical point of view it is the simplest formulation of an inverse boundary value problem for a linear wave equation that is expressed in a generally covariant fashion the project explores the geometric conditions under which the problem can be solved that is media that are visible to probing waves as well as counterexamples violating such conditions leading to invisibility the lorentzian calderon problem is poorly understood in comparison to similar inverse problems for nonlinear wave equations one of the guiding ideas in the project is to adapt techniques from the theory of these problems developed recently by pi and others to the lorentzian calderon problem another source of inspiration is the recent solution of the lorentzian calderon problem under curvature bounds by pi and his coauthors the project develops a new approach to solve the lorentzian calderon problem and this may also lead to a breakthrough in the resolution of the riemannian version of the problem often called the anisotropic calderon problem the latter problem has remained open for more than 30 years in addition to being the hyperbolic analogue of this wellknown problem the lorentzian calderon problem can be viewed as a generalization of the even more classical inverse problem studied by gelfand and levitan in the 1950s
circular and connected pavements for carbonneutral and digital roads

roads are the arteries through which economic and social development pulses and are one of the most important public services in the world however roadway assets are currently made of virgin and fossilbased materials and processes additionally roads are subjected to everheavier traffic loads relentless traffic concentrations and climate change which will result in much quicker infrastructure failures and in turn costs therefore the aim of this dn is to create circular and connected pavements for carbonneutral and digital roads circopav through a worldclass international interdisciplinary and intersectorial training programme for ten doctoral candidates circopav dn will complete two key scientific objectives 1 road network digitalisation to create smart and automated pavements and 2 pavement sustainability to mitigate carbon footprint and ensure climate change resilience these targets will be achieved through a consortium of 8 universities 8 industrial companies and a road administration across 8 countries and 3 continents and combine the transportation construction engineering sustainability electronics and data science sectors to create a new generation of creative entrepreneurial and innovative leaders for the next generation of roads additionally these goals fall directly in line with horizon europes goal to transition to a green and digital economy the green charter and two horizon europe missions they will be achieved via intelligent and connected eg sensors and iot networks and sustainable technologies eg low emission materials and manufacturing and climate change resilient designs and materials as a result guidelines and prototypes will be developed up to trl 6 and designed for exploitation in europe and developing countries and will be supported by opendays openaccess publications and seven international external advisory and dissemination entities
leaf heal the planets future

starting from the encouraging results of the leaf heal the planets future project in 2022 and 2023 night edition we are now proposing a step forward to increase the awareness on the importance of research and innovation to improve trust in the researchers work by effectively involving the society in experimenting science through 900 events all activities will cover eu green deal topics farm to fork biodiversity circular economy zeropollution toxicfree environments health wellbeing energy and resource efficient buildings secure energy sustainable and smart mobility the main goal is to make science accessible and fun to everyone thus generating a practical understanding of how to cope with climate change issues the leaf project will be developed in 20 cities in italy involving 43 partners 6 of which as associated with a series of events happening during the last week of september 2024 and 2025 thus including the night leaf 2425 project will include a series of specific activities dedicated to schools to permit researchers to engage with teachers and pupils on challenges related to climate change sustainable development health and other issues related to the european commission priorities such as the european green deal in particular in this edition we will reinforce the experience at school involving institutes located all around italy and in particular in small towns with difficulties in reaching night events first year will be devoted to fulfill the achievements reached in last editions while in 2025 our main goal will be the improvement of project kpis thanks to the validation of the researchersschools activity the overall result will be a relevant increase in the awareness of why and how the researchers work is relevant for the benefit of our current and future planet as well as effectively encouraging young people in embarking in scientific careers by generating a real impact on science
the emergence of actin stars for epithelium coordination and tissue patterning

faithful epithelial morphogenesis is crucial during development and tissue homeostasis the dynamic intestinal epithelium is an appropriate model to study this field of research constant regeneration of epithelium is one of the main characteristics of intestinal homeostasis mediated by finely controlled balance between intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation therefore it is instrumental to study mechanisms controlling intestinal organization to understand tissue homeostasis and functionactin cytoskeleton plays an important role in regulating epithelial morphogenesis recently by using 2d and 3d intestinal organoids the host lab has discovered a new unique multicellular starshaped actin assembly termed actin stars acss located in the basal domain of differentiated epithelium this network is characterized by 6branched starshaped actin clusters covering the entire basal surface with acs node at the centroid of the cell and each branch of the star orthoradially connects the plasma membrane and directly mirrors a corresponding branch from a neighbouring cell they confirmed such actin structures in vivo in mouse small intestine the acss may represent a largescale interconnecting meshwork in the differentiated epithelial domain considering the novelty of these results we would like to investigate the interplay between largescale acs networks and tissue morphogenesis here we aim to dissect the organization of acs network determine the processes leading to their formation and understand the importance of acss for individual cells as well as epithelial assemblies for that we will carry out a multidisciplinary approach combining the use of highresolution imaging optogenetics genomics coupled to physical modelling we anticipate that our results will have a significant impact in understanding the role of acss in epithelial differentiation tissue homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions
luxr solos as major proteobacterial players of cellcell signaling in the plant microbiome

microbes live as members of a microbial consortium where they interact with neighboring organisms including their host via the secretion of signaling molecules and through other types of cellcell interactions the root microbiome is comparable to the gut microbiome of the plant important for optimal root growth nutrition and providing resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses the major mechanisms of microbial plantrecruitment from the soil and formation of microbial communities are unknown the practical exploitation of these mechanisms will lead to innovative solutions for a sustainable agriculture in order to mitigate the upcoming challenge associated with climate change main members of the root microbiome are proteobacteria as they account for 50 of the bacterial population and luxom project aims to generate critical insights on their assembly and cellcell communication mechanisms via a welldefined and targeted approach luxr solos which evolved from cellcell signaling quorum sensing systems qs are very widespread and exclusively found in proteobacteria they are a family of transcriptional regulators that respond to endogenous or exogenous also of plant origin signals the luxr solos will be studied by genomics genetics molecular biology analytical and molecular chemistry biochemistry microbiome analysis and stateof theart mass spectrometry based technologies the importance of bacterial luxr solos in the plant rootmicrobiome network will be explored to unravel their influence on plant host physiology and microbial community dynamics understanding cellcell signaling in the root microbiome will be used to design bacterial communities of interacting plantbeneficial strains that will serve as a probiotic for plants to enhance plant health and sustainable agricultural productivity thus luxom will unravel the first major cellcell signal players for plant rootmicrobiome establishment
dispersals resilience and innovation in late pleistocene se africa

genetic evidence suggests that successful modern human migration out of africa is believed to have started c 70000 years ago populating the whole world at different rates and times this incredible voyage took place because of humans unique resilience versatility and innovation both biological and cultural to external stimuli including ecological and environmental changes the main objective of dispersals is to investigate the migration and dispersal dynamics of early homo sapiens in africa and archaeologically evaluate the genetic model that southern african human populations were the genesis of the successful outofafrica some 70000 years ago this will be accomplished by investigating cultural and biological continuitydiscontinuity issues and human population movements in the last c 100000 years in the poorly studied limpopo and the save river basins central mozambique an area mediating the two key regions of human development ie southern and eastern africadispersals will compare the human occupation and ecology between central mozambique and eastern and southern africa using a multiscale approach based on the study of regional diachronic cultural traits it will reconstruct regional population patterns followed by comparative quantitative population genetics combined with gis computational network analyses the results will be then integrated through agentbased modeling based on the incremental creation elimination or reorientation of network links to simulate a quantitative framework to study the evolution of population dispersal across southerneastern africa the project will be crucial in providing groundbreaking highresolution archaeological chronological and paleoenvironmental data dispersals will deliver a fundamental perspective on the key processes that triggered migrations and dispersals within africa and outofafrica which ultimately resulted in the human diaspora over the entire planet
the italian lauda disseminating poetry and concepts through melody 12th16th centuries

the lauda a vibrant expression of popular piety is the poeticmusical genre that from the second half of the twelfth century marked the birth and the spread of singing in the italian language it was based on melodies of varied origins but mostly functional in orally conveying through minstrels lay confraternities and preachers the dissemination of texts and not only spiritual concepts among a largely illiterate population despite this volatility a good corpus of laude has been preserved in written form for ritual needs sometimes with musical notation forming an impressive repository of frozen orality while realizing the importance and vastness of this heritage scholars for over a century have been mainly engaged in alternatively considering it either from a literary or a musical point of view therefore no systematic research has yet to shed light on the specific nature of the phenomenon its dynamics of creation and transmission and all indicators that make it a reliable mirror of society culture and mentality in medieval and early renaissance italy the laudare project aims to approach the italian lauda in its intrinsic intermediality by collecting the whole corpus of texts handed down with music up to the mid 1500s and comprehensively exploring the dynamics of composition and transmission of poems and related tunes according to the mechanisms of orality an open access database making searchable the entire corpus will allow wideranging surveys such as the territorial impact of a text andor its musical setting as well as the diffusion of melodic patterns and text formulas the results will be collected in a specific volume other expected outputs are a handbook at least ten open access articles three workshops and two international conferences with proceedings one of which will have involved related disciplines such as medieval and religious history linguistics palaeography iconography anthropology and urban studies
fluorides for 2d nextgeneration nanoelectronics

the irds roadmap considers twodimensional 2d materials a promising option for scaling electronicdevices down to atomic dimensions while there has been a lot of progress regarding 2d semiconductorsall electronic devices require suitable insulators as well although a major showstopper insulators havereceived far less attention and their is no clear roadmap as to which insulators can be used for ultimatelyscaled nanoelectronicsmy group was recently first to demonstrate backgated 2d fets using ultrathin calcium fluoride caf2as an insulator based on these promising results i firmly believe that fluorides which are ionic crystalswith often very wide bandgaps can efficiently address the major challenges i although relativelyexotic materials their growth is considerably better established than that of any 2d material ii caf2 canbe epitaxially grown layerbylayer on silicon substrates and likely also on 2d semiconductors as theirfterminated inert surface supports van der waals epitaxy of 2d materials they could be the missing linkbetween 3d substrates and 2d semiconductors iii the lowdefectivity of the inert caf2 surface willsignificantly improve device performance and stability thereby fluorides will allow novel 2d devices tomake the leap from promising concepts to highly performant and stable real devicesf2go will establish fluorides as a key enabler for 2d nanoelectronics by successfully demonstratingdevice architectures which were previously impossible to fabricate with sufficient performance due toinadequate insulators i will do so by investigating selected fluoridebased devices for key technologies isteep slope devices for cmos logic cold source fets at the ultimate scaling limit to allow sub100 mvoperation and ii ultrascaled nonvolatile memory devices flash and tram thereby f2go will pavethe way for fluoridebased nanoelectronics at the ultimate scaling limit as required for the generations2030
intelligent archaeological mapping of longterm settlement in punjab

intelligent archaeological mapping of longterm settlement in punjab iarchmap will develop a new workflow for the development of archaeological regional surveys through the application of machine learning methods to historical maps multitemporal multisource satellite data and droneacquired highresolution imagery these will be tested and complemented by field groundtruthing and analysis of field material this new methodological approach will allow archaeologists to map atand characterise information on past human settlement over large areas with an unprecedent speed and accuracyiarchmap will complement site detection methods with data on landscape change that might have impacted human settlement and the formation and preservation of the archaeological recordiarchmap design is based in a combination of experimental approaches currently in development by the supervisor and the host research group the actions training will provide the researcher with the capacities required to implement those approaches in a single workflow for the first time the research previous experience and expertise will provide groundtruthing data and an interpretative background to evaluate the projects data contribution to current historical debatesthe selected regional casestudy the territory of the modern punjab state india has been intensively settled since prehistory but it has been significantly less explored than neighbouring regions the projects results will represent a significant stepforward in the knowledge on the historical settlement dynamics of the study area and the indus region in general and will benefit its cultural heritage management and preservation methods and data employed for iarchmap will be freely accessible which opens the possibility to apply them to other regions of south asia and elsewhere