Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
mechanisms of social learning in social contagion and cultural evolution

social learning learning from the behaviors of others is key for our success as a species ideas and behaviors are transmitted between individuals and across generations via social learning which gives rise to the evolution of human cultures social learning might also fuel modern threats such as the growing social contagion of misinformation in social networks despite the crucial role of social learning across a myriad of human behaviors surprisingly little is known about the i psychological neural and computational mechanisms of social learning and ii how these mechanisms create societallevel phenomena the solar project takes on the challenge of developing a new theoretical framework that addresses these issues the framework will be formalized in novel computational models the same coherent set of models will be tested on i the level of the brain using brainimaging ii the level of individual behavior and iii the level of the population using multiagent simulation and analysis of realworld interaction in social networks solar involves three programs that address three fundamental but asofyet unanswered questions about human social learning 1 what are the mechanisms that produce social learning 2 does social learning drive social contagion 3 how does social learning promote cultural evolution in contrast to previous accounts i predict that these seemingly disparate questions can be unified and understood by a coherent set of simpler social reinforcement learning mechanisms i will test this hypothesis with a unique multimethod approach that bridges the nanolevel of the brain via the microlevel of human behavior to the macrolevel of the social group solar will shed new light on both fundamental scientific questions about the nature of human social learning and on pressing social issues such as how to explain and reduce collective risks due to social contagion eg spreading of misinformation
the evolutionary biology of crop plant dna methylation

in this project mcevolve i aim to decipher the evolutionary principles governing crop plant methylation diversity this newfound knowledge will unlock investigations into an underexplored source of functional variation the project employs a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses mathematical modeling population genetics and epigenetics it is structured around three main objectivesobjective 1 separation of evolutionary and environmental forces on methylomes i will develop an innovative inference tool to disentangle neutral selective and environmental influences on methylation variants this will be achieved by inferring the genealogy along the methylome and evaluating the local correlations between genetic and methylation variantsobjective 2 assessment of transgenerational stability of methylation alleles following genomic shock given that introgressive hybridization is a recurring phenomenon in crop plant enhancement resulting in genomic shock and subsequent methylome remodeling i will analyze introgression lines derived from crosses between wild and domesticated sunflowers to identify methylation patterns stable across multiple generationsobjective 3 inference of evolutionary parameters in crop plants with varied methylation patterns i will analyze publicly accessible datasets containing genomes and methylomes from nine crop plants and their wild relatives to quantify the evolutionary forces affecting plant dna methylation this analysis aims to determine the variation in methylation rates across the phylogeny facilitated by comparisons to the model plant arabidopsisthrough the development of a pioneering evolutionary inference approach for methylomes the identification of the optimal marker class of crop plant methylation analysis and the analysis of multiple open access crop plant methylomes mcevolve is dedicated to advancing our comprehension of the evolutionary dynamics underlying crop plant dna methylation
harmonised network through smart technology and collaboration

based on the results obtained mainly from sesar w2 this project completes key developments of the demand and capacity balancing dcb operational concept in those areas where improvements would make the implementation of the operational concept more efficient the core focus being to provide automatic support for spot analysis and particularly resolution using whatif simulations that can find optimal solutions with most appropriate combinations of airspace configurations choice of flights and measure or set of combined measures selection to integrate and harmonise the constraints of the network actors such as departure and arrival airports integrated network management and atc planning inap actors terminal management areas tma and the airspace users au to supply networkwide solutions that respect constraints and priorities as far as possible to further integrate the dynamic airspace configuration dac concept with inap and network management nm increasing the flexibility of the process to be more efficient in the usage of available capacity the main benefits that the project will provide are an increase of capacity costefficiency of air traffic services ats flexibility and cost reduction of au and fuel efficiencythe developments are grouped into two solutionsenhanced demand management covering the two first areas dynamic airspace configuration covering the thirdit is a goal for this project to provide mature evolutions to the forementioned concepts with some elements becoming candidates for early deployment and that can integrate the new architecture of integrated network management inm
joint agency in groups

the sense of agency refers to the underlying feeling of control over our voluntary actions and the outcomes of those actions joint agency refers to the sense of agency when we perform voluntary actions with other people this is the feeling we experience when we move a couch with a friend build a lego tower with our younger family members play sports with friends or even perform music with a band despite its essential role in social life joint agency has received much less attention than work on individual sense of agency furthermore extant work has primarily focused on dyads yet actions are not done solely by individuals or pairs indeed the ability to work together in large groups and perform similar and complementary actions to achieve some goal eg building a large house undoubtedly played an essential role in the flourishing of human societies as such the aim of this research proposal is to fill this gap in the literature by investigating if and how joint agency changes in groups to tackle this important issue my work will involve a series of experiments implemented in a virtual reality vr setting featuring both behavioural and neural indices of the sense of agency
prejudice source and propagation

to understand the propagation of prejudice we need to understand the linguistic devices through which it is expressed prejudicial attitudes can be expressed through generic generalisations or simply generics like women are illogical which ascribe properties eg being illogical to groups eg women the standard analysis takes generics to express claims about the world this project will develop a novel alternative analysis on which generic generalisations are analogous to exclamations like ouch in that they function primarily express the speakers mental states rather than describing the world in addition to advancing our understanding of the propagation of prejudice this project will experimentally assess the novel generic bootstrapping hypothesis according to which prejudice has a source in our disposition to store evidence in generic formmain research objectives1 specify the expressivst view of generics and show how expressivism avoids problems that arise for the standard view3 explain the harm caused by discriminatory genericsresearch output1 two research papers2 a paper communicating research findings to the nonacademic public3 an experiment assessing the impact of generics about social kinds4 a conference on issues related to the project5 a special issue of a journal based on the workshoptraining objectives1 train the researcher in experimental techniques2 extend the researchers competencies to experimental philosophy and cognitive science3 transfer the researchers knowledge of context and underdetermination to the host4 increase collaboration and research opportunities for the host and researcher by bringing members of the researchersnetwork to host5 increase public awareness of debates and research concerning generics
modulating feeding behavior in obesity from brain lesions to noninvasive brain stimulation targets

altered feeding behaviors impair physical and psychosocial health and may lead to overweight or obesity obesity is a major global health challenge but current treatments are either ineffective in the longterm or carry important risks hence novel therapeutic approaches are needed the main erc stg aims to explore the neural basis of eating patterns by exploring postingestive reinforcement of foodseeking behavior in that context we are studying the contribution of gutbrain communication towards activity in brain circuits controlling feeding behavioranother strategy to clarify the neuroanatomy and neural correlates underlying dysfunctional human behaviors has been to study their occurrence when associated with a brain insult we have used this approach for neuropsychiatric disorders and believe it may also be used for feeding behavior indeed changes in weight regulation concurrent with brain lesions have been described raising the question of whether such lesions follow a particular distribution in the brain or impact specific functional networks several neuroimaging analysis methods can be used to explore if specific brain areas andor connectivity networks are associated with specific lesional syndromes in addition these methods have also been proposed to offer the opportunity for development of novel strategies for therapeutic brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation tmsin this project we aim to identify tms targets that potentially modulate feeding behavior supported by lesion topography andor connectivity networks involving lesions associated with changes in feeding behavior and weight regulation we will then conduct a tms protocol targeting the identified regions to modulate feeding behavior in patients with obesity we are convinced that foodconnect will contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for such a highly prevalent and socially impactful condition
opioidfree pain relief for enhanced recovery after spine fixation surgery

there is a troubling lack of effective pain treatments after major surgery especially after musculoskeletal procedures patients experience debilitating pain now treated with opioids opioids provide insufficient pain relief have many toxic sideeffects and are highly addictive pain and opioidrelated sideeffects impede early mobilisation and recovery and are the primary reasons for extended hospital stayssentryx is developing revolutionary drug delivery technology to extend the effects of a wellestablished local pain blocker called bupivacaine its initial use case in spine fixation surgery bupiring delivers bupivacaine directly to the surgical site for more than 72 hours without changing the existing surgical workflow nonopioid local pain relief in this critical early phase of recovery will promote early mobilisation shorten hospital stays prevent complications and save costs this project will demonstrate bupirings safety and efficacy in humans for the first time
upscaling of innovative processes for the recycling of pet from complex wastes a case study involving mechanical and enzymatic sorting applied to tyres textiles and hoses

pet is widely used in plastics and textiles leading to over 20 mty of complex waste worldwide for which no closedloop recycling is viable today most complex waste is landfilled or incinerated there is an urgent need to develop a circular solution to convert complex pet wastes from plastics and textiles back into highadded value products whitecycle unites 3 brandowners 1 pet converter 2 waste managers 1 digital deeptech for smart sorting the world leading enzymatic recycling sme 1 lca company 3 unisrtos 1 cluster and 1 management firm they aim to demonstrate two new processes combining strong scientific and industrial knowhow i innovative identification sorting and separation technologies that will dramatically increase the pet content of complex waste streams to 80 and ii a disruptive enzymatic recycling process that is expected to yield pure pet monomers sustainably even for impure waste streams pet monomers obtained will be repolymerised and recycled thus 2 t of waste will be used to demonstrate 3 highly technical petcontaining pilot series 100 tyres 1500 m of layflat hoses and 400m2 of multicomponent fabric that will be coated and used to manufacture 4 lines of technical garments process design kits lca and production cost estimates will be provided to pet manufacturers and waste management companies for rapid deployment and assure social acceptance first projections show that whitecycles recycled pet will be competitive with virgin pet the project will conduct a full circle loop from real complex waste feedstock to representative product of the 3 usecases at trl 5 then a strong upscale study will allow the process steps to reach trl 6 to 8 by 2030 whitecycle will enable the annual recycling of more than 2 mt of pet which corresponds to the amount of additional recycled pet needed to meet the eus 2030 targets this will reduce emissions by around 206 mt co2eq and avoid the landfilling of more than 18 mt of pet
globally competitive space systems support

the project glocs3 globally competitive space systems support aims to provide the appropriate support and coordination for the european space systems supply chain stakeholders consultations and all other relevant activities supporting the initial setup and proper execution of the globally competitive space systems coprogrammed partnership gssc or the partnership and providing material support for the initial setup and operations of the private sector stakeholder association space aisbl and its founding membersglocs3 will create the conditions and provide the resources to establish and implement coordinated consultation processes enabling the european space supply chain stakeholder communities to express their views and enable them to configure the inputs that the project will provide to the european commission and related institutional stakeholders in the framework of the partnershipthe overarching goal of the project is to enable the european commission via the partnership to gather a consolidated and consensual opinion from the space supply chain stakeholder communities with a view to configure the contents of the horizon europe work programme 20252027 and plan its ri strategy for the areas covered by the partnership in consideration of the coordinated viewpoints of the stakeholders the project will thus focus first and foremost on the organisation of suitable stakeholder consultation processes adapted to the areas of the consultations and the domains concerned by the partnership the project will also support the key reporting requirements of space aisbl towards the partnership notably the elaboration of the additional activities periodic reports
molecular insights into human nhe6 from dimerization to disease implications

the human nah exchanger 6 hsnhe6 is crucial for regulating ph in recycling endosomes in the central nervous system mutations in hsnhe6 are linked to christianson syndrome cs a severe neurodevelopmental disorder however the molecular mechanisms underlying hsnhe6 ion transport and its dysfunction due to cs mutations remain elusive my research aims to bridge this knowledge gap by combining cellular and liposomal functional assays and singleparticle cryoelectron microscopic structural investigations of hsnhe6 i will explore how dimerization in the lipid environment influences its ion transport mechanism how the dimer functions as a whole and how csassociated mutations affect both dimerization and ion transport i will conduct functional assays on heterodimeric hsnhe6 composed of wildtype wt and transportdeficient protomers complemented by structural investigations to uncover the structurefunction relationship during ion transport i will identify hsnhe6bound lipids and analyze hsnhe6 structure in its native environment utilizing detergentfree extraction furthermore i will perform functional assessment in various lipid environments to unravel how the lipid environment influences dimerization and ion transport additionally i aim to investigate whether and how csassociated mutations lead to a lossoffunction phenotype and can exert a dominantnegative effect on a wt protomer by integrating functional assays with structural analyses of csmutant hsnhe6 the project aims to unravel the molecular mechanisms governing ion transport of hsnhe6 within the lipid bilayer and will provide insights into the molecular basis of cs by integrating functional and structural data it offers the potential to guide therapeutic targeting of hsnhe6 in the context of cs the project is hosted at the department of biomedical sciences faculty of health and medical sciences university of copenhagen under the supervision of assoc prof henriette e autzen
monkey troubles confronting control in contemporary singapore

monkey troubles is a comparative ethnography of control in humanmonkey interactions and in the worship of a monkey deity in singapore it investigates how everyday interspecies and ritual encounters prompt ordinary singaporeans to reflect on what control is who has it and how these ideas shape singaporean relationships with other species and the environment the study deploys an interdisciplinary approach grounded in anthropology religious studies and the environmental humanities to comparatively analyse the diverse understandings and practices of control that take place in everyday interactions with monkeys and a monkey deity the project approaches these encounters as parallel interactive contexts in which humans struggle to interpret the ultimately opaque intentions of nonhuman others through communicative cues including gesture facial expression posture and gaze direction the many uncertainties raised by these encounters make them key sites in which people generate ideas about the limits of human control with critical implications for singaporean attitudes toward wildlife management conservation and environmental governance the project demonstrates that control is a culturally diverse and multispecies phenomenon that is decisively shaped by how people interpret the limitations of human control when interacting with morethanhuman others it also serves as a groundbreaking model for applying interaction analysis to other situations dealing with nonhuman entities such as religious studies and multispecies studies
resolving metabolic interactions between the gut microbiota and the host with multiomicsbased modelling

the gut microbiota is essential to human health microorganisms in the human body help to digest nutrients engage in host metabolism immunity behaviour and brain functions since the gut microbiota in contrast to the human genome can be modified through dietary and therapeutic interventions modulating the microbiota is a promising path to improve human health and to prevent or treat diseases however predicting the effects of microbiota perturbations on the host metabolic phenotype remains extremely challenging due to our limited understanding of bacterial metabolic functions molecular interactions within microbial communities and the mechanisms of microbial interactions with the hosti propose to tackle these challenges with a combination of experimental and computational approaches in a synthetic community of 14 common human gut bacteria which has been associated with 150 healthrelevant metabolites involved in amino acid vitamin and hormone metabolism in vivo we will follow a bottomup strategy to i systematically characterize the capacity of single bacteria to consume and produce metabolites of interest and identify the responsible enzymes ii investigate the metabolism of these compounds in compositionally diverse synthetic communities and iii quantify and modulate microbiota contribution to the host metabolism of these compounds in mouse models to this aim we will combine highthroughput bacterial culturing metabolomics transcriptomics and proteomics assays with genomescale metabolic modelling graphbased multiomics integration methods and physiologybased models of microbiotahost interactions this project will provide a generalized framework to systematically resolve microbiota contributions to the host metabolic phenotype and elucidate the fundamental principles governing microbiotahost metabolic interactions thus enabling targeted microbiota interventions to modulate the host metabolic phenotype and improve human health
plant roots as biofoundations for resilient transitional environments

coastal areas make up 4 of the worlds land surface and protect the majority of the largest cities from severe storms flooding and sea level rise with 40 of the global population living within 100 km of the coast they also contribute to preserving biodiversity and can store more carbon per hectare than any terrestrial ecosystem however coastal wetlands are being lost at an unprecedented rate due to the overwhelming stress caused by human interference and climate change the resilience of such ecosystems is strictly connected to their elevation with respect to mean sea level which can be altered by shallow compaction deep land subsidence erosion sedimentation decrease and sea level rise for this reason the conservation of wetlands and related resources has become a major priority of the uns sustainable development goals 2015 however interactions between physical and biologicalbiogeochemical processes at the plant root level are still largely unknown preserve aims at providing a quantitative response to the longterm prediction of wetland resilience under climate changes involving the coupled nature of surfacesubsurface processes by investigating the role of vegetation and especially the mutual interactions between roots and soils preserve is a multiinterdisciplinary project that connects different areas of expertise hydrodynamics geomechanics hydrogeology wetland dynamics and ecology and develops innovative and specificallydesigned laboratory and field experiments the results are integrated within a novel modeling framework and the new knowledge generated in this project will be publicly available in a userfriendly application for endusers to cast naturebased solutions for lowlying coastal systems preserve is set to reach the goals of the european green deal by supporting the eu strategy to become a global leader in preserving and protecting biodiversity and to become the worlds first climateneutral continent by 2050