Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
the impact of 3d regulatory landscapes on the evolution of developmental programs

vertebrate genomes are organized in 3d regulatory landscapes that control pleiotropic gene expression within them transcription emerges from a precise interplay between genes regulatory elements and 3d chromatin organization we and others have shown how mutations in these regulatory layers can modulate phenotypes however how 3d regulatory landscapes shape the evolutionary history of developmental programs is still largely unexploredour limited capability to read interpret and modify genomes has constrained our knowledge on how gene regulation evolves however recent advances in longrange sequencing singlecell chromatin interaction and genome editing methods offer novel tools to link genomic variation and phenotypes here i will combine these methods to investigate how changes in 3d regulatory landscapes contribute to refine the function of developmental programs as a testbed i will study gonadal sex determination an essential process for species perpetuation but characterized by a remarkable evolutionary plasticitywe will use singlecell transcriptomics across tetrapod clades to unravel the core and variable transcriptional network of sex determination singlecell epigenomics and novel chromatin interaction methods will reconstruct 3d regulatory landscapes and infer sources of regulatory variation with phylogenomic comparative strategies we will estimate the contribution of different types of mutations to different sex determination programmes as well as the impact of whole genome duplications finally we will develop innovative transgenic methods for interspecies replacement of 3d regulatory landscapes using this technology to activate early estrogen synthesis in mouse 3drevolution will provide groundbreaking insights on the evolution of gene regulation this will improve our understanding of the genomic sources and underlying mechanisms of phenotypical variation which are relevant for developmental and evolutionary genetics
societyaware machine learning the paradigm shift demanded by society to trust machine learning

to date the design of ethical machine learning ml algorithms has been dominated by technology owners and remains broadly criticized for strategically seeking to avoid legally enforceable restrictions in order to foster trust in ml technologies society demands technology designers to deeply engage all relevant stakeholders in the ml development this erc project aims at responding to this call with a societyaware approach to ml saml my goal is to enable the collaborative design of ml algorithms so that they are not only driven by economic interests of the technology owners but are agreed upon by all stakeholders and ultimately trusted by society to this end i aim to develop multiparty ml algorithms that explicitly account for the goals of different stakeholdersie owners those experts that design the algorithm eg technology companies consumers those that are affected by the algorithm eg users and regulators those experts that set the regulatory framework for their use eg policy makers the proposed methodology will enable quantifying and jointly optimizing the business goals of the owners eg profit the benefits of the consumers eg information access and the risks defined by the regulators eg societal polarization the saml project involves a highriskhighgain paradigm shift from an ownercentered to a societycentered multiparty ml design on the one hand it will require significant and challenging methodological innovations at every stage of the ml development from the data collection all the way to the algorithm learning on the other hand it will impact how ml technologies are deployed in society by enabling an informed discussion among different stakeholders and in general by society about these new technologies the results of this project will provide the urgently needed methodological foundations to ensure that these new technologies are at the service of society
dual challenges in the discovery and sustainability of nanozeolites controlling defect sites and structural flexibility

zeolites are a class of nanoporous crystalline inorganic materials that rank among the most versatile catalysts and are capable of facilitating the development of sustainable chemistry separation and emerging processes the aim of zeolight is to understand the fundamental molecularlevel interactions leading to specific crystallization events of nanozeolites to direct their properties the three challenges are 1 rational formation of molecularlyordered precursors with different tetrahedral tatoms understanding the fundamentals of zeolite growth kinetics in colloidal and high solid precursors resulting in frameworks with controlled defects and flexible structures fundamental understanding of defects and flexibility of nanozeolites 2 translate the discovery at the atomistic scale to development of novel nanozeolites and finetuning of relevant properties including crystals size pore dimension framework structure bulk chemistry and stability engineering nanozeolites and 3 relate the defects and flexibility as the origin of the remarkable properties of ultrastable zeolites for applications in heterogeneous catalysis the selection of the nonoxidative conversion of methane reaction as a specific case but not limited to will be considered application the mysterious defects associated with the generation of various silanol species brnsted acid sites and vacancies as integral parts of the reaction center of zeolites and their relation to the framework flexibility will be elucidated by advanced characterization the zeolight project will be the fundamental scientific driver for seeking novel nanozeolites and fully realize the knowledge gained in global cases where porous materials are considered the key achievements are understanding the properties of nanozeolites by uncovering the consequences of defects and flexibility the nanozeolites will claim a sizeable share of the global zeolite market for both classical and emerging applications
implementing wastewater and environmental surveillance for mpox in subsaharan africa

mpox a reemerging viral zoonotic disease has recently posed significant public health challenges in subsaharan africa particularly in the democratic republic of congo drc the disease has led to thousands of suspected cases and hundreds of deaths prompting the drc ministry of health to declare a public health emergency in april 2024 given the rapid spread and high fatality rate of the outbreak a coordinated research response is urgently needed to understand and mitigate this public health threatmpoxs emergence as a significant public health threat in subsaharan africa aligns with project odins core objective of addressing critical infectious pathogens through genomic surveillance and wastewaterbased epidemiology building upon the successful foundation of project odin this proposal aims to implement a comprehensive water genomic surveillance system specifically targeting the mpox outbreak in the drc and neighboring countriesby leveraging advanced genomic surveillance and wastewaterbased epidemiology this initiative will provide novel critical and timely insights into the presence and spread of the mpox virus in the environment this information will guide targeted public health interventions such as targeted vaccination campaigns and resource allocation to highrisk areas additionally the approach will enable the early detection of the mpox virus in water sources allowing for rapid public health interventions to prevent further transmissionthe project will identify mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fit them into a global context providing evidence of international sublineages that likely emerged or spread early in the drc and neighboring countries this data will be crucial not only in addressing the immediate outbreak but also in contributing to building global public health strategies and preparedness for future outbreaks by gaining a deeper understanding of the mpox virus itself
intergenerational spillovers of paternity leave

recent evaluations show that paternity leave reforms have successfully increased fathers involvement in childcare and have contributed to a shift in gender norms but whether this shift in gender norms can be passed on to the next generation and affect childrens reallife decisions remains to be seen this study thus fills an important gap since preference formation and social norms have been found to be the main contributor to the persistence of gender inequality over timethe objectives of this research project are twofold first it will determine whether the introduction of paternity leave can promote counterstereotypical attitudes that are transmitted from parents to children a survey of young adults exposed or not to a father eligible for paternity leave will be conducted to measure attitudes toward gender roles second the study will evaluate whether paternity leave has spillover effects on the next generations reallife decisions as such it will use register data to observe whether young adults human capital labour supply or fertility decisions are affected by their fathers use of paternity leaveto evaluate the intergenerational spillover effects of paternity leave this research proposes to analyse the 2002 belgian paternity leave reform which offers an appealing setup indeed belgium was an early adopter of paternity leave policies introducing a twoweek leave in 2002 the children of belgian fathers have therefore entered adulthood and will be 22 years old in 2024 to measure the causal effects of the paternity leave reform across generations the study will use a natural experiment that relies on the fact that when paternity leave was introduced in belgium in 2002 only fathers of children born after july 1 were eligible to take the paid leave using a regression discontinuity design this research will therefore compare young adults born before and after the reform cutoff
smart complex emulsions a versatile approach to optoelectronics and sensors

dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions are becoming increasingly important in pharmaceuticals medical diagnostics and sensing the main objective of smartdrops is to develop original smart complex emulsions sces and unlock their extraordinary multifaceted potential by creating novel integrated devices in particular smartdrops will be focused on exploring three potential applications of sces 1 sces containing multifunctional liquid crystals to create new dynamically controlled lensing devices 2 sces that can form complex nanostructures which will be used as highperformance organic electronics devices wherein the liquid crystal organization will facilitate the charge transport and 3 scesbased sensors that will be incorporated into organsonchips for continuous monitoring of cell activity without the need for complex and specialized equipment our target materials and their properties are relevant to present and newly emerging technologies including highresolution microlenses highperformance opvofet devices and inexpensive chemical sensors with extraordinary sensitivity and versatilitysmartdrops includes a strong transfer of knowledge between the host institution and me the fellowship will advance my future independent research career in chemistry by providing me an interdisciplinary training in widerange of skills mentoring from leading experts in the field and helping me to develop a new research line that has not yet been investigated at the hosting institution the results emerging from smartdrops will have a significant impact on the scientific community focused on the preparation of advanced functional materials the proposed applications may contribute to advance future innovative technologies and thus special attention will be given to the exploitation of the scientific results and their ip protection this multidisciplinary project is in line with the msca strategy contributing to europes competitiveness and growth
prediction monitoring and personalized recommendations for prevention and relief of dementia and frailty

comfortage is a joint effort of medical experts ie neurologists psychiatrists neuropsychologists nurses memory clinics social scientists and humanists technical experts ie data scientists ai experts robotic experts and digital innovation hubs to establish a pan european framework for communitybased integrated and peoplecentric prevention monitoring and progression managing solutions for agerelated diseases and disabilities the projects framework will be empowered by a unique combination and integration of i medicalclinical innovations eg novel approaches to risk factor analysis and personalized prediction aibased medical devices integrated data sources of agerelated clinical evidence and evidencebased healthcare technology assessment hta ii cutting edge ai innovations eg explainable ai xai secure ai serious games patient digital twins virtual assistive technologies for trusted accurate secure and personalized clinical decision making iii digital innovation hubs eg smart homes robotics and living labs to facilitate and promote research activities in the health and wellbeing domain and iv social innovations for promoting innovative views and cocreating new or improved solutions for assistance and improvement of social integration and interaction comfortage will facilitate the integration harmonization and management of a host of different data sources including biobanks cohorts medical records longitudinal observational studies realworld data about patients as well of alternative secondary data sources such as sensors wearables and mobiles in a standardized structure called holistic health records hhrs comfortage will become a catalyst to help prevent monitor and manage progression of agerelated diseases and disabilities especially of dementia and frailty based on highend research and analysis of the utilization of the aforementioned technologies
the city rising inequality and mobility in a growing metropolis of the 19th century

the rising industrial metropolises of the 19th century faced a series of timeless challenges the disruptive effects of new technologies the integration of new immigrants the threat of epidemics in this project we study with the use of novel highquality highfrequency individuallevel archival data how the city of munich dealt with these challenges and provided opportunities for economic and social mobility to its dwellers in the period 18231914 our study is composed of three parts in part 1 we study the consequences of a technological shock the introduction of mass transportation on the spatial structure of the city we show how occupations and businesses were subject to differential agglomeration forces and document the reorganization of economic activity and residents across space using schooling data we study the impact of this reorganization on social mobility in part 2 we study how members of a long marginalized ethnic group jews were integrated into the growing city and how they rose to ranks of the educated upper middle classes we study the initial conditions that determined their occupational specialization and eventual success place of origin religious current residential segregation human capital of ancestors we also study assimilation strategies and identity choices as evidenced by first name choices human capital investments and intermarriage in part 3 we study how the provision of a core health amenity sanitation reshaped the social geography of the city we analyze its consequences on child mortality fertility choices and human capital investments using linked individual data and consider the confounding role of spatial sorting in this process we expect our research to unify hitherto disparate literatures in economic history urban economics political economy and social mobility and to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting largescale individuallevel data from european history
atomically layered materials for nextgeneration metasurfaces

atomically layered materials composed of individual atomic planes bonded together by weak van der waals vdw interactions have sparked a revolution in solid state physics due to their unique electronic properties and capability for forming multimaterial heterostructures with atomically sharp interfaces however accessing fundamental electronic excitations of twodimensional 2d materials optically has so far been a major challenge due to the associated low absorption cross sections and their low environmental stability metanext will establish a new paradigm for amplifying and harnessing lightmatter interactions in 2d materials by shaping vdw heterostructures into the resonant building blocks of optical metasurfaces at the core of the proposed platform is the implementation of nanostructured hexagonal boron nitride hbn as a photonically active material pushing beyond its currently prevalent use as a passive buffer layer in optoelectronics leveraging the emerging concept of optical bound states in the continuum i will use my extensive experience in nanophotonic engineering to design and experimentally realize hbnbased metasurfaces with ultrasharp resonances incorporating mono and fewlayer systems of vdw materials allowing direct optical access to such 2d systems with unprecedented efficiency and spectralspatial control over the excitation specifically i will utilize the metanext platform to 1 push the limits of lightmatter coupling in black phosphorus heterostructures 2 greatly boost the efficiency of singlephoton generation from localized defects in atomically thin molybdenum disulfide mos2 and to 3 realize a completely new concept for valleydependent onchip lasing from transition metal dichalcogenide tmd monolayers metanext will deliver both fundamental insights into the optical excitation mechanisms of current and future 2d materials as well as important conceptual advances for practical chipintegrated quantum light sources
the centrioles role in male infertiliy

applying cuttingedge technology like cryoelectron tomography subtomogram averaging and singleparticle cryoelectron microscopy to sperm cells i aim to uncover structural details of sperm centriolesas most other cells in the human body sperm cells carry two centrioles called the proximal and the distal centriole in the field of reproduction biology it is widely accepted that these organelles are essential for the process of fertilization one of their many important functions for this process is to provide centrioles for the zygote as oocytes lose their own centrioles during maturation yet the molecular mechanisms that determine their exact role in mediating fertility is not entirely understoodconcurrently infertility is increasing globally and so is the demand for treatment commonly summarized as assisted reproductive technology art the success rate of art is however only between 3040 and even lower for women older than 35 one of the underlying reasons is that in up to 60 of the cases male infertility is idiopathic these numbers underpin the urge of improving our understanding of sperm biology and the molecular mechanisms of fertilization this project defines three main objectives to achieve this1resolve the ultrastructure of sperm centrioles by applying cryoelectron tomography2isolation and highresolution structure determination of the proximal centriole by cryoelectron microscopy3comparison of the centriole ultrastructure of sperm from fertile and infertile individualsa comprehensive structurefunction investigation in a native setting will shed light on how centrioles are embedded within the neck of sperm cells at high resolution proteins that are associated to the centrioles and link them to surrounding structures can be identified finally these findings will improve the understanding of male infertility the diagnosis of such and ultimately increase the success rate of in vitro fertilization treatments
evaluation of lesion network mapping as a technique to identify therapeutic targets for brain disorders

disorders of the brain are a major source of disability and place an enormous burden on society currently many firstline treatmentsare nonspecific invasive or cause sideeffects noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magneticstimulation rtms have been shown to offer a safe treatment alternative with rtms first clinically approved for major depression in 2007 unfortunately since then translation to other disorders has been slow mainly due to the lack of reliable methods to identify where in the brain to stimulate lesion network mapping lnm is a method recently introduced to address this problem lnm works by mapping the connections of causative brain lesions converging upon a small number of commonly connected locations in the brain lnm has localised abnormal networks in over 40 different disorders however as yet no study has tested whether these networks respond to treatment therefore the aim of this study is to conduct a clinical trial testing whether rtms delivered to a specific site in the somatosensory cortex identified in our previously published lnm study corp et al 2019 brain results in treatment benefit for cervical dystonia patients cervical dystonia is an ideal test case as changes in abnormal neck movement symptoms are easily measurable and this somatosensory location is on the surface of the brain so easily reachable with rtms we will employ a randomised shamcontrolled doubleblind crossover clinical trial with 30 patients receiving 10 daily sessions of real and sham rtms before and after the brain stimulation we will collect clinical behavioural and physiological data to measure patients response to the intervention improvement in cervical dystonia symptoms after brain stimulation would serve as proof of the principle that lnm can effectively identify therapeutic targets potentially unlocking safe and effective treatment protocols for a range of brain disorders
science society and environmental change in the first millennium ce

in the mediterranean in the first millennium ce environmental and climatic changes have been identified as causes for significant short and longterm societal and political processes and events such as epidemics and the rise and fall of empires however the effects of environmental or climatic variation on humans are substantially more complex than a narrative of causation of major events since culturally specific perceptions and interpretations of environmental or climatic variation can have significant social religious or political implicationssse1k builds on stateoftheart research but goes beyond it to ask novel important questions about relationships between past societies and environmental climatic fluctuation the project will pioneer an approach which is both multi and interdisciplinary centring on these questions how did humans experience and perceive environmental and climatic variation across the mediterranean in the first millennium ce and how did they respond both intellectually and socially to these changing conditions sse1k addresses issues which have been raised as significant challenges for collaborative study of climate change but have yet to be fully addressed it will investigate how the circulation of knowledge and adaptability intersect with sustainability and resilience in premodern societies and how human perceptions and ways of thinking shaped societal political or religious responses to environmental climatic changethe project will integrate textual archaeological and environmental evidence to investigate a large geographical area the mediterranean at a scale which balances human lived experience and climate trends the first millennium ce over macro and microlevels this integration is crucial in producing a holistic picture of past knowledge resilience and sustainability and will change the ways that scholars understand the relationships between past humans and environmental climatic fluctuation