Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
refugee finance histories frameworks practices

over the last decade following a general decline in aid from traditional bilateral and multilateral donors the international community has dramatically changed the way in which it seeks to fund humanitarian responses to refugee flows with an increasing reliance on refugee finance refugee finance is the term used to refer to new financial instruments aimed at attracting private capital refugee bonds technical assistance funds and concessional loans these instruments are promoted by international organizations international financial institutions and states as inevitable solutions to the societal challenges raised by largescale refugee flows however we know very little about the socioeconomic legal and financial implications of this paradigmatic shift from funding to financing refugee finance has the potential to dramatically affect not only the refugee funding paradigm but also the economy of the countries hosting refugees and the way in which international refugee protection itself is conceptualized and implemented according to its proponents refugee finance promises to ensure refugees resilience and selfreliance whilst at the same time supporting the economic development of the host communities there is however insufficient evidence to support these promises and a limited understanding of how these financial instruments operate reffin will advance both theoretical and practical knowledge of the political financial and legal processes enabling refugee finance and of its longerterm socioeconomic implications through a comprehensive study of its frameworks practices and emerging patterns
extreme bending strain induced novel interfaces in single crystal cantilevers of strongly correlated metals

the ground state of correlated materials is controlled by tuning parameters such as pressure or strain which are usually applied homogeneously to crystals here we aim for strong yet controlled strain gradient fields in microstructured correlated crystals that selectively transform parts of the structure into different electronic ground states xbends ambition is to open a new field of research into gradient quantum matter defined as a highly nonlinear regime in which gradients lead to qualitatively new behavior as compared to simple spatial distributions of bulk phasesthe concrete goal is a rational design of new electronic properties at interfaces between different correlated ground states within a single crystal akin to the interface states between different materials in heterostructures specifically we aim to frustrate interactions andor competing orders in unconventional superconductors at this interface with the goal to enhance the transition temperature tc we will create interfaces between 1 ferropolar and paraelectric phases in crystals of doped srtio3 2 oppositely detwinned domains in underdoped bafeco2as2 crystals 3 hiddenorder and magnetic phases in uru2si2 contrasting their nature and physical responses to those expected from trivial phase mixtures will signal that xbend has entered a nonlinear gradientdriven regime technically we will fabricate freestanding single crystal cantilevers from asgrown crystals using focused ion beam fib machining the cantilevers will be functionalized to allow cryogenic measurements of magnetoresistance while applying bending strain by pushing them with a piezoelectric motor xbend aims for extreme strain gradients in the 10micron range yet our proofofconcept already demonstrated 2micron the induced microscopic straindomain pattern will be probed by xray microdiffraction at desypetra iii and a complete finiteelementmodel will capture the elastoresistive response
nextgeneration aav vectors for liverdirected gene therapy

liverdirected gene therapy has undergone significant development in the last two decades recombinant adenoassociated vectors aav are the vectors of choice for liver gene transfer and have recently achieved remarkable successes in clinical trials however there are still large groups of patients who have limited access to therapy the major hurdles toward expanding the indication of aavmediated liver gene therapy are i transient aavmediated expression in proliferating hepatocytes ie newborn or regenerating livers due to dilution of episomal aav genome in proliferating cells ii dosedependent hepatotoxicity and immune response against aavs and iii preexisting immunity to aav capsids which currently preclude its systemic delivery in about 50 of individuals aavolution gathers renowned european experts in the field of aav vectorology gene therapy genome editing and immunology with the ambitious goal to develop and implement innovative therapeutic tools to effectively address these challenges to this aim aavolution proposes i to seek novel small cas nucleases for in vivo aavmediated genome editing iito develop selfreplicating episomal aavs to avoid transgene dilution in proliferating livers iii to generate synthetic aavs characterized by enhanced potency and reduced toxicity by screening of novel aav capsid libraries iv and to develop improved technologies to overcome preexisting immunity to aavs by transiently reducing the levels of circulating antiaav neutralizing antibodiesaavolution will significantly expand the toolkit for aavmediated liver gene therapy developing novel and improved molecular instruments to address the most relevant hurdles toward safer and more effective therapies and provide access to treatment to patients that are currently excluded from clinical trials moreover these novel tools will constitute an innovative platform with a potential for broad expansion of disease indications beyond the rare diseases
autonomous scalable trustworthy intelligent european meta operating system for the iot edgecloud continuum

the project aeros aims at transparently utilising the resources on the edgetocloud computing continuum for enabling applications in aneffective manner incorporating multiple services deployed on such a path therefore aeros will establish the missing piece a commonmeta operating system that follows a collaborative iotedgecloud architecture supporting flexible deployments eg federated orhierarchical bringing tremendous benefits as it enables the distribution of intelligence and computation including artificial intelligenceai machine learning ml and big data analytics to achieve an optimal solution while satisfying the given constraintsthe overarching goal of aeros is to design and build a virtualized platformagnostic meta operating system for the iot edgecloud continuum as a solution to be executed on any infrastructure element within the iot edgecloud continuum hence independent from underlying hardware and operating systems aeros will i deliver common virtualized services to enable orchestration virtual communication networkrelated programmable functions and efficient support for frugal explainable ai and creation of distributed datadriven applications ii expose an api to be available anywhere and anytime locationtime independent flexible resilient and platformagnostic and iii include a set of infrastructural services and features addressing cybersecurity trustworthiness and manageability aeros will a use contextawareness to distribute software task application execution requests b support intelligence as close to the events as possible c support execution of services using abstract resources eg virtual machines containers connected through a smart network infrastructure d allocate and orchestrate abstract resources responsible for executing service chains and e support for scalable data autonomy
efficient and affordable zero emission logistics through next generation electric trucks

the volume of the commercial freight sector is expected to increase towards 2050 especially in the medium to heavy truck modes n2 and n3 type however in parallel to that the recent european climate goals bring challenges for the transport sector given the fact that the typical vehicle development cycles can be of 57 years an immediate collective and collaborative action from the research organizations business strategists technology companies and oems is necessary the result of this would be to attain hightrl concepts that are ready to roll out in the european and global market where there is more room for a gradual adoption at the consumer side in any case given the fact that there are substantial technological and business steps are being taken in the zeroemission transport field the next 30 years towards 2050 potentially requires more dramatic changes than the last 30 years ie since 1990nextetruck aims to address different optimization challenges regarding tomorrows urban and suburban logistics for medium duty vehicles into systemsapproach that is reliable strongly integrated affordable and flexible enough to reapplied to different applications via dedicated toolsmethodsthe overarching objective of the nextetruck project is to play a pioneering role in the decarbonization of the vehicle fleets via demonstrating next generation emobility concepts consisting of holistic innovative affordable competitive and synergetic zero emission vehicles and ecosystems for tomorrows medium freight haulage while aiming significant leap of knowledge at component vehicle fleet infrastructure and ecosystem levels via innovations at epowertrain components and architectures smart charging infrastructure and management improved thermal design of the cabin fleet management systems with iot and digital tools
ductility and fracture toughness analysis of functionally graded materials

in this project we aim to build an intercontinental and intermultidisciplinary research network to unravel what is referred to as a pending challenge of continuum mechanics material science aerospace engineering and civil engineering analysis and optimization and design of new functionally graded materials with unprecedented combinations of mechanical properties and functionalities such as stiffness strength ductility toughness and formability with minimal weight and cost the rational solution to this problem is to adapt the local properties of different materials to fit specific requirements by locating optimized compositions and architectures in appropriate regions and generating multiple advantages within a single material to create improved global properties the network is an international consortium composed by 10 research organizations 4 european beneficiaries and 4 american 1 australian and 1 brazilian associated partners who will exchange and share skills and knowledge with the view to understand and optimize the ductile and toughness behavior of brittle and ductile functionally graded materials breakthroughs in this field will allow functionally graded materials fabricated by additive manufacturing to replace traditional composites with sharp transition between dissimilar components commonly used in critical applications in construction of civil infrastructures and in aerospace security and transportation industries all sectors of crucial importance for the european economy and society as stated in clusters iii civil security for society iv digital industry and space and v climate energy and mobility of horizon europe the staff members who participate in the project will be exposed to new research environments and develop new skills thus contributing to their increased employability and supporting topclass research in europe the 10 organizations will strengthen their knowledge base and develop lasting collaborations
polypro3 ecology and evolution of the tripartite symbioses between polychaetes and their protistan parasites

marine polychaete worms annelida are key organisms in marine benthic ecosystems they have important roles from decomposers to consumers and due to their burrowing lifestyle they actively participate in oxygenation of sediments maintaining benthic ecosystem health polychaetes are known to host protistan symbionts gregarines which themselves are infected my microsporidian parasites forming a tripartite symbiosis symbiotic interactions have been of fundamental importance in ecological and evolutionary processes through the history of life and have ultimately shaped the biodiversity we witness today however the polychaetegregarinemicrosporidian tripartite interaction has not been studied before and it is unclear how these interactions affect the polychaetes consequently it is unclear how the the tripartite symbiosis might affect the functioning of benthic ecosystems one reason behind this knowledge gap is the difficulty of applying experimental approaches with marine hosts and symbionts that are unculturable with polypro3 specifically aiming to resolve the nature of the tripartite symbiosis and the diversity of the interaction by using stateoftheart molecular methods combined with traditional ecological fieldwork i will bring a significant step forward in addressing this key gap of knowledge i will use differential transcriptomics and quantitative methods to disentangle the interaction and a large spatial scale field sampling across the opening of the baltic sea combined with metabarcoding approach to describe the diversity and specificity of polychaetegregarinemicrosporidian tripartite symbiosis polypro3 will also provide novel insights into the impacts of the tripartite symbiosis on the functioning and stability of important benthic habitats and provide effective means for investigation of other marine symbioses lastly polypro3 significantly adds to the knowledge on neglected biodiversity of polychaete associated marine protists
novel highly sensitive nanowire sensors for disease biomarker analysis

nanowirebased platforms are expected to radically impact disease diagnosis and precision medicine thanks to their high surfaceareatofootprint ratio and optical waveguiding properties the challenge is to costeffectively produce nanowires in a reproducible manner at aligned bio we have developed a new technology that enables for the first time mass and costeffective production of nanowire sensors our solution relies on three core patented technologies which when combined allow to produce lowcost highquality nanowires with controlled diameters to reproducibly enhance waveguiding properties of nanowire platforms this unique combination of novel technologies results in enhanced biomarker detection platform devices with 20 times higher sensitivity than current solutions in the market and crucially at low price to effectively carry out the tasks needed to reach trl9 the eic accelerator project is crucial to bridging the critical riskgap
the development of hetero structured nanofibrous microrobot for upcycling of microplastics integrated with hydrogen evolution from trash to treasure

plastics are playing indispensable parts in the modern civilization given its beneficial characteristics it would be hard to envisage a world without plastics however a more sustainable method to manage plastics after usage is critically needed in the present scenario so far wide variety of plastics have been produced over 8 billion tons out of which about 40 have been superfluous the plastic waste ends up as a litter in the environment will become small fragments as microplastics mip nanoplastics nip and only degrade slowly in natural environments and persist over years in past decades scientific community has investigated the efficient remediation technologies towards mip waste however contemplating the mip waste reforming to value added material still has profound knowledge gaps the chemical upcycling suggests a promising approach to deal with the challenges triggered by plastic wastes hydrogen could become an excellent energy carrier to appease the energy demand of humankind as a sustainable future alternative energy economy the conversion of mip into value added hydrogen fuel by photoreforming is a newly emerging field with enormous economic potential to better combatting the global challenges of mip contamination heterogenous nanomaterials play vital role due its surface functionality the present proposed work underlines the onsite upgrading of mip with selfpropelled heterostructured 3d carbon nanofibrous based architectures carbonmxenefemo2n will be used for hydrogen evolution by photoelectrocatalytic method these present approaches help to demonstrate trash to treasure generation of clean h2 fuel on plastic upcycling to overcome the economical hurdle and building a pollution free economy it helps inspiring more electrocatalytic process based fuel production in future energy
higher education informal diplomacy the case of the european universities initiative eui

in a world of shifting geopolitics and increasing societal and economic challenges higher education institutions heis have become critical actors in promoting economic social and educational relations among nations they also contribute to enhancing the global sciencepolicy interface by providing knowledge and expertise during crises while pursuing sustainable development goals yet we know surprisingly little re how higher education institutions combine political agency with knowledge production and thus act as autonomous agents of informal diplomacy a truly interdisciplinary project bringing theoretical methodological and empirical innovations heidi studies heis nature and role as informal diplomatic actors focusing on the european universities initiative eui heidi 1 defines the concept of higher education informal diplomacy 2 maps the nature governance and policy practices of heis as informal diplomatic actors 3 traces how heis are advancing informal diplomacy by looking at the role of stakeholders in this process heidi proposes a twoyear fellowship at the school of transnational governance of the european university institute in florence the expertise and facilities offered by the host and the supervisor prof stone together with my existing experience and talent mutually reinforce my development as an independent researcher during the fellowship in addition advanced training eg statistics grant writing science communication and twoway knowledge transfer will allow me to realize my longterm career goals after the fellowship a customized dissemination and communication plan ensures that the project and its results are known well beyond the academic communityaltogether heidi bridges a major scientific gap and represents cuttingedge research in a vital field for the future of europe in enhancing awareness of the importance of higher education to foster international cooperation and solve global challenges
coping with decline comparative socialhistorical analysis of depopulation and community welfare in europe 19502022

the shrinking population and closure of schools and hospitals are among the main signs of regional depopulation although this phenomenon has been widespread in europe since the 1950s affecting both rural and urban communities historical studies of depopulation are still scarce how communities have responded and indeed coped with the decline in population and welfare over the past 70 years is uncharted territory depop will break new ground by illuminating regional depopulation as a potent example of a slow burn crisis occurring over extended periods of time we will map out demographic trajectories of depopulation and their links to welfare provision investigate community strategies to cope with depopulation and develop a new framework to study community welfare in the slow burn crises as depopulationslow burn crises occur over extended periods and may thus be less visible than onetime shocks and disasters there is currently no approach to examine how communities cope with slow burn crises depop will develop a novel multilevel approach by drawing on and developing methodologies in compositional demography which is rooted in the historical concept of communication communities depop will look at communities in depopulating regions in finland the netherlands and ukraine we will analyse macrolevel population trajectories and state welfare provision data available as reports and regional statistics mesolevel collective coping strategies through social organisations collected through their archives and witness seminars and microlevel individual coping strategies examined through oral historiesdepops historical approach and findings will offer the firstofitskind comparative framework to study communities affected by the slow burn crisis of depopulation this will help us to advance our understanding of why some communities have historically been more resilient than others when faced with slow burn crises
silicate alteration in marine sediments kinetics pathway and dependency

over its long geological history the overall habitability of earth has been governed by the chemical alteration of silicate minerals a reaction that buffers pco2 and climate while terrestrial silicate weathering is widely appreciated marine silicate weathering and reverse weathering or marine silicate alteration msia altogether has long been considered insignificant in the big picture this paradigm is challenged by recent work that suggests reverse weathering as an oceanic si sink could be three times higher than previously thought the latest estimates of marine silicate weathering showing its co2fixing capacity could be 82 of that of its terrestrial counterpart though potentially significant these estimates are associated with large uncertainties and untested assumptions in particular information about the exact chemical pathway of msia kinetics and the environmental dependency is missing to fill these gaps i will provide the first comprehensive assessment of msia by quantifying its rates through both laboratory experiments and field observations while the former constrains how msia initiates the latter represents the millionyear quasisteady state condition in nature reproducing the conditions for msia in the laboratory is undeniably challenging due to the required multiyear incubation under up to 340 times atmospheric pressure and nearfrozen conditions which i can reproduce with a novel apparatus circulation of modified seawater with realistically slow flow will be maintained to derive msia rates through continuous fluid composition monitoring together with the rates estimated from field observations i will evaluate the dependency of msia on environmental factors such as the typequality of silicates and organic matter the project will be transformative in our understanding of the coupling between si and c cycles and thus provide fundamental knowledge for predicting earth responses to a likely hotter and wetter future
palladium anchored halide perovskites for solardriven diphenyl carbonate synthesis

global co2 emission dominated by burning fossil fuels is resulting in serious societal and environmental issues to reduce co2 emission it is ultimately needed to move away from the reliance on fossil fuels and develop new processes and technologies for co2 capture and transformation to valueadded chemical and products this project aims to develop and validate an innovative concept for solar energydriven diphenyl carbonate essential monomer for polycarbonatesynthesis by coupling co2 reduction and phenol oxidation half reactions over palladium single atom supported bismuthbased porous halide perovskite photocatalyst the proposal consists of key scientific and technological targets and objectives i modulation of band structure and creation of defects sites on morphologycontrolled halide perovskites for anchoring of palladium single atom sites which will result in a new class of hybrid materials ii demonstration of the proof of concept of co2 reduction and phenol oxidation halfreactions and the combination of their intermediates to form diphenyl carbonate over hybrid photocatalyst which is an untouched research territory and has great scientific and technological potentials iii exploration and gaining insights about reaction mechanism by using stateoftheart spectroscopic methods and theoretical predictions this highriskhighgain project is expected to have farreaching scientific economic technological and societal impacts