Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
evolution of leaf shape diversity in angiosperms using single cell approaches

leaves show a large scale of morphological diversity advanced timelapse imaging and computational analysis revealed specific growth differences underlying development of different leaf forms in the simple leaves of a thaliana vs the complex leaves of its relative c hirsuta however this does not capture the differences in genetic networks that underlie these growth changes during development to solve this problem i will apply stateoftheart single cell technologies to dissect the genetic networks behind leaf development and complexity first by utilizing multimodal single cell sequencing technologies in high temporal resolution i will describe the celltype specific gene regulatory networks grns during leaf development by comparing these cell types and grns between a thaliana and c hirsuta we will be able to make major steps on understanding mechanisms underlying development and diversity of leaf formsto understand how the newly discovered grns interact in a developing tissue context i will apply spatial transcriptomics to understand how local genetic changes can influence morphogenesis to analyze this i will implement a novel functionality in a software morhographx which was originally developed for microscopybased growth analysis this way it will be possible to directly link the genetic regulators to cellular morphological propertiesa selected number of these regulators will be further investigated with comparative genetic methods empowered by gene editingto further extend the findings and place them into a broader evolutionary perspective i will investigate cell type specific grns in two solanaceae species one with simple pepper and one with complex leaves tomatoby comparing the commonalities and differences between simple and complex leaves in brassicaceae and solanaceae which occurred independently during evolution we can reveal developmental and evolutionary constrains underlying differences between simple and complex leaf
the new generation of scalable urban heat island mitigation by means of adaptive photoluminescent radiative cooling skins

from their early origins urbanization has produced both benefits and penalties due to the generated anthropogenic stress documented overheating such as urban heat island uhi compromises human wellbeing in cities where 60 of the world population lives and is exposed to the related health risks and vulnerability an urgent solution is much needed here and now since classic passive cooling techniques showed to slowly mitigate uhi a disruptive improvement must be dedicated to eradicate the problem by conducting a groundbreaking multidimensional and multidisciplinary research that is the key motivation of helios which aims at holistically developing the resilient urban skin of the future this skin will take advantage of the combination of successful radiative cooling in the atmospheric window813m and high solar reflectance integrated for the first time to photoluminescence in the short wave02528m thanks to the breakthrough leadfree halide perovskites helios will develop novel radiative cooling structures into temperature responsive carriers eg phase changeoxides thermonastic shapememory alloys and albedo adaptive photoluminescent finishing with the twofold purpose to tailor radiative supercooling performance enough to minimize winter penalties and to give the desired colour finishing finally allowing the sustainable upscaling of this research frontier this approach would radically change the building physics paradigm with the ambition of rethinking built environment into a fullydynamic resilience as only nature can do helios will indeed analytically and experimentally identify the thermalradiative physics of such skin assessing its performance for indooroutdoor human comfort and energyefficiency helios bioinspired radiative and photoluminescent skin will be indeed tailored and optimized for each dynamic boundary as demonstrated through a disruptive building physics experimentallyvalidated balance and urban canopy model worldwide
unearthing ancient social structures with sediment dna

humans and other living beings are constantly shedding dna and this dna is preserved in archaeological sediments in 2021 i developed the first methods for reliably capturing and analyzing human nuclear ancient dna adna from sediments leveraging this abundant genetic resource as a reliable tracer of biological identity for ancient societies such adna has the potential to function as forensic breadcrumbs that trace the spaces inhabited by ancient individuals at the welldocumented multiphase early bronze age settlement of vrble i will undertake a cuttingedge research program to obtain human adna from over 100 individual house floors spanning the entire occupational area and 500year history of the settlement the unearth project will reveal inheritance patterns and social organization and map individuals from the cemetery back onto the spaces where they left their genetic traces by integrating genetic bioarchaeological and isotope analyses unearth seeks to uncover socioeconomic stratifications and their role in prehistoric neighborhood organization the methods developed in unearth for extracting and analyzing human adna from sediments will have wideranging impact on archaeogenetics enabling new analyses on archaeological sites cultures and time periods that lack associated human remains crucially unearth will develop a robust framework for using human adna from sediments in cases where bones cannot be ethically sampled by establishing new methodology and best practices for sampling and analyzing sediment adna this project will unlock rich genetic records that are ubiquitous at nearly every archaeological site in order to elucidate the lived experiences of prehistoric europeans at unprecedented resolution
european birds of passage an empirical legal theory of temporary labour migration in europe

the ebop project is an innovative study of the legal framework for temporary labour migration in the european union eu while unevenly researched the subject is hotly debated and in continuous expansion temporary labour migration increasingly represents the compromise between calls to take back control of borders and the demands from employers of access to migrant workforce the legal regulation of this phenomenon is grounded on concepts such as temporariness and labour market which are either not defined by the law or in conflict with their socioeconomic reality ebop explores these concepts through an empirical legal analysis to address the foundations of the legal framework for temporary labour migration in the eu in doing so it covers forms of temporary labour migration which legal doctrine has never analysed together namely posting of workers seasonal work and intracorporate transfers the project aims to answer a set of questions concerning this legal framework what is the implicit definition of labour market accepted by legislation and courts and what are its boundaries what does the law mean when it classifies certain migrant workers as temporary what would be the legal and socioeconomic consequences of conceiving temporary labour migrants as fully integrated in the member state where they perform their work the ebop project triangulates the results of a systematic analysis of legal documents with quantitative analysis of the phenomena at stake to explore the real world meaning of concepts upon which the legal regulation of temporary labour migration in the eu is construed as such the ambition of ebop extends beyond the field of labour and social rights and into other legal disciplines and branches of social sciences considering how the legal construction influences employment statistics leading to the undercounting of temporary labour migrants the project challenges the societal perception of reality
highprecision gravitational wave physics from a worldline quantum field theory

this project will determine the gravitational waves emitted in the encounter of two black holes or neutron stars in our universe at highestprecision the gravitational waves emerging from such violent mergers are now routinely detected at the ligovirgokagra observatories since their discovery in 2016 with the presently planed third generation of observatories the experimental accuracy will dramatically increase theoretical predictions for the emitted waveforms at highestprecision are therefore needed in order to determine the source parameters such as masses spins and intrinsic parameters of the two compact objects obtaining these waveforms requires solving the extremely difficult field equations of einsteins gravity major obstacles are the inclusion of radiative and spin effects at highprecision as well as access to the strong gravity regime together with my research group i have recently devised a novel quantum formalism to attack this classical physics scenario worldline quantum field theory that is methodologically rooted in elementary particle physics it is the leading formalism to compute observables in the gravitational scattering of spinning black holes and neutron stars my goal is to extend the scope of worldline quantum field theory to include radiative higher spin and tidal effects that discriminate between black holes and neutron stars moreover i will uncover a hidden supersymmetry in the scattering of two spinning black holes finally by matching to curved spacetimes i will develop theoretical tools that apply to strong gravitational fields as they arise close to the merger these are presently unreachable by analytical methods our results will set the basis to test einsteins theory of gravity in extreme regions possibly uncovering deviations from known physics to understand blackhole formation and to uncover the nature of neutron stars
krasalphatacs a novel class of biotherapeutics to target kras

the ras pathway is the most frequently activated signaling node in human cancer activating kras mutations are found in approximately one in seven human cancers kras signaling is also activated in a significant subset of human cancers that lack kras mutations targeting kras has been a central goal during the past four decades and the efforts have intensified over the past years ignited by the approval of the krasg12c inhibitors a targeted kras degradation approach is an attractive solution for blocking kras activity and within the ubrasdisease project we explored the degradability of wildtype and mutant kras proteins in parallel my group initiated studies to combine the alphabody technology with the targeted protein degradation approach by designing an alphatac as a novel therapeutic modality the goal of this project is to generate and preclinically validate alphatacs targeting kras for degradation this will strengthen the proof of concept on the alphatac utility in targeted protein degradation and provide support for establishing a proprietary platform in view of the creation of a new spinoff company
codesigning a physical activity policy toolkit plato with key policymakers from 27 eu member states

physical inactivity is a global problem causing more than 53 million premature deaths per year worldwide both who and eu recognize the importance of public policies and recommend specific policy actions to promote physical activity pa however these policies remain ineffective if they are not implemented properly to collect data on pa policy development different tools are currently in use most prominently eus pa monitoring framework however there is a lack of knowledge on how to use pa policy monitoring as a lever to impact policymaking to reduce inactivitythis fellowship aims to codesign a toolkit for improving the impact of pa policy monitoring on national policymaking as i have an interdisciplinary research profile with a dissertation in political science and a track record in pa policy research i am in an excellent position to advance the state of the art by 1 coassessing the impact of pa policy monitoring on the policymaking process 2 comparatively mapping pa policy monitoring tools based on political science theory and 3 codesigning a pa policy toolkit with key policymakers from all 27 eu member statesmy host team at the university of limerick has a high expertise in pa policy research and recently led the development of a new tool for pa policy monitoring i will have access to training programmes that enhance my interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary skills eg with regards to the coproduction of knowledge i will also gain relevant insights into pa policymaking in ireland secondment at a government agency and europe nonacademic placement at whoas who is tasked to coordinate data collection within the eu pa monitoring framework this is an ideal opportunity to exploit the results of the fellowship my further dissemination exploitation and communication activities will also highlight the societal impact of pa promotion eg in the context of the eu4health programme the european green deal and uns sdgs
mechanistic insight into immune control of cnidarian endosymbiosis

algae live inside corals and transfer valuable nutrients to them this essential endosymbiotic relationship is the foundation of reef ecosystems elevated temperature as a consequence of climate change disrupts this symbiosis resulting in the expulsion of algae coral bleaching and eventual reef destruction symbiosis establishment and bleaching significantly alters the expression of numerous host immune genes this suggests that coral immunity regulates symbiosis but the mechanisms remain elusive i aim to understand the role of host immunity in coralalgal symbiosis using anemones as a model in my host laboratory we were able to generate immune mutants and transgenic lines to monitor distinct stages of symbiosis taking advantage of these lines and the molecular tools established in the host laboratory such as quantitative phagocytosis assays fluorescence microscopy and transcriptomics i will functionally determine how immunity regulates symbiosis i will assay how immune activation and genetic mutation impacts symbiont uptake by anemone larvae as this is the first step in symbiosis establishment subsequently i will perform rna sequencing to determine genes downstream of immunity that control symbiont uptake second i will compare bleaching rates in anemones upon immune activation in both wildtype and immune mutants perform rna sequencing and identify genes altered in mutants to elucidate mechanisms of immune control of bleaching third i will do comparative coral fieldwork to determine whether immune stimulation and mutation alters symbiosis establishment and bleaching in corals from their natural environment using novel functional tools this project will provide new insight into how evolutionarily ancient innate immune pathways have been coopted to regulate coral symbiosis in health and what goes awry under environmental stress providing valuable information to guide restoration efforts
verifiying noisy quantum devices at scale

quantum computing is undergoing a phase transition as the field shifts from asking what if quantum computers existed to how do we leverage the power of emerging quantum devices progress in the design of experimental quantum systems raises a unique challenge given that their size already precludes direct classical simulation and given that quantum states are perturbed by observation how does one test and certify the new devices this difficulty is starkly evidenced by the ongoing race for demonstrating a quantum computational advantage given that the task cannot be replicated classically can it be verified the main goals of this project are to develop effective means to characterize certify and harness complex quantum states and devices to achieve this we employ the framework of interactive proofs from classical complexity theory we use this to model interactions as varied as demonstrations of quantumness the delegation of a quantum computation or cryptographic tasks such as quantum key distribution the major challenges that we address are scalability noise tolerance and security to achieve scalability we build on complexitytheoretic techniques such as the notion of probabilistically checkable proofs we focus on the design of protocols that successfully complete even when the quantum device is slightly noisy the security notions that we seek encompass device independence no a priori trust is placed on the quantum equipment and side information privacy should be guaranteed with respect to any external party largescale experimental demonstrations of quantum networks are currently being planned in many countries including a leading european effort euroqci our work lays the theoretical groundwork for scalable secure and trustworthy interactions in such networks it paves the way to making the power of quantum devices for computation and communication available to a wider public remotely and through classical means
questioning the epidemiology of subclinical tuberculosis

tuberculosis tb remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world the majority of tb control policies rely on the binary paradigm of tb which focus on interventions tackling latent tb infection and active tb disease stages however recent evidence disputes this longstanding conceptualization of tb natural history demonstrating that tb exists on a continuous spectrum of bacterial and immunological responses several active casefinding studies have shown that around 50 of the cases in whom mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in sputum were asymptomatic subclinical asymptomatic tb has lately attracted increased scientific interest since it could play an important role in tb transmission despite the absence of cough however beyond limited evidence on tb transmission based on modelling studies using retrospective data collection there is not a single field study showing a direct transmission from an index subclinical tb case to a secondary laboratoryconfirmed case if subclinical tb does spread the disease the consequences for global tb control and research are of paramount importance i propose to characterize the subclinical tb stage within the natural history of tb and to understand its role in spreading the disease i have designed a field epidemiological study tbquest with the potential to show evidence of effective transmission from subclinical tb cases to close contacts using pathogen genome sequencing additionally by using innovative wearable technology i will assess whether objective tools to measure classical tb symptoms match the selfreported absence of symptoms thus i might challenge the current definition of subclinical tb and the usefulness of current tb screening algorithms lastly i will study the clinical trajectory of subclinical tb in order to improve our understanding of its natural history duration of infectiousness and factors associated with selfclearance or progression to symptomatic disease
an ai powered paraphraser based in europe disrupting linguistic barriers in english writing

my cofounders and i started ludwig with a mission to help everyone write better english and be more confident about it to achieve the ambitious goal of making english writing more democratic we have been working with the most cuttingedge artificial intelligence technologies in the field of natural language processing nlp for the last 8 years in 2021 we conducted a market survey with 1000 users and discovered that 60 of them needed a paraphraser based on this we decided to design and develop one a paraphraser is a software that given an input sentence can generate several alternative phrases that maximize the terminological grammatical and syntactical transformation of the original sentence while minimizing the semantic differencethe problem was that to have a competitive paraphraser model based on neural networks you have to train models made of billions of parameters which would cost millions of dollars based on new cuttingedge technology we adapted a method named prompt tuning to our case study and built a process able to train billion parameter models for hundreds of instead of millions this opens up a whole new world of technological and market opportunities we will be able to train more models and hence develop more tools quickly and with a 11000th of the cost of our competitors while having the same qualitythe goal of this project is to help us bring our trl7 paraphraser to the market trl9 with a compelling product market fit most of the tasks are businessrelated and being as chief of business development this project is the perfect match for my skills we will complete the project in 9 months during which we will establish kpis analyze ui interactions design and launch marketing experiments to make product iterations and modifications based on insights we will complete the deployment of our paraphraser in all the touchpoints and release it to the public
cure heartandbrain postdoctoral cofund programme by cnic

the cnic spanish centre for cardiovascular research is a worldwide recognised research centre dedicated to cardiovascular research cnics mission is to improve cardiovascular health in the society by generating scientific knowledge efficiently translating that knowledge to the clinic and providing new researchers with a comprehensive training cnic awarded with the hr excellence in research since 2013 proposes to run a postdoctoral fellowship programme cure heart brain that will offer a total of 12 positions in the incoming mobility type for the selected and eligible candidates holding phd and compliant with msca mobility rules during the cofund grant life 5 years there will be two calls m2 and m9 each offering 6 fellowships the programme will advertise the positions internationallythe fellows will be able to choose the supervisor at cnic and to propose research projects in all the research disciplines available at cnic the selection of the proposals will be transparent based on merit and performed by external international peerreviewers cure heart brain fellowship programme will be open to excellent researchers of any nationality the programme will offer training to develop key transferable skills and competences foster innovation entrepreneurship promote open science practices fair data management and public engagement the fellows will acquire new skills through advanced training international interdisciplinary and intersectoral mobility cure heart brain includes 24 associated partners 12 from private sector from all over the world and from different sectors providing translational elements to the programme secondments training supervision the overall goal of the programme is to enhance the creative and innovative potential of a new generation of translational researchers in cardiovascular research and related areas as well as reach out to society to make the results of the research visible to the citizens
fluar a novel solution for fluorescenceguided surgery based on augmented reality

fluorescenceguided surgery fgs uses nearinfrared nir sensors to detect and display fluorescent biomarkers indicating the exact location of tumors but the current cameras and monitors force surgeons to match the images to the body via subjective comparisons this long errorprone process reduces the accuracy and increases operating times and cost this is a critical problem in cancer surgery where complete tumor removal is key to prevent recurrence eg a yearly incidence of 05 m breast cancer patients requires over 28 m surgeries fluar are novel augmented reality ar glasses with integrated highend nir sensors and computer vision algorithms they detect and display the fluorescent biomarkers in the surgeons direct sight hence show the tumor margins on the target fluar will increase the surgeons accuracy and reduce tumor removal times this project aims to finalize and validate fluars technical developments and clinical usability according to enduser requirements