Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
from a to b generalizing the mathematics of artificial neural networks anns to biological neural networks bnns

why does the brain outperform ai artificial neural networks anns are at the core of the ai revolution in the past years enormous efforts have been made to unravel their mathematical properties leading to fundamental insights and mathematical guarantees on when and why deep learning works well anns are inspired by biological neural networks bnns but differ in many respects anns represent functions while bnns represent stochastic processes and the gradientbased deep learning applied for anns is very different from the local updating of bnns bnns are superior to anns in the sense that the brain learns faster and generalizes better despite the urgency for answers and the rich and interesting mathematical structures that bnns create scarcely any theoretical attempts have been made to understand learning in the brain the stochastic process structure of bnns and the need to understand the statistical convergence behavior call for a mathematical statistics approach this project proposes the development of advanced mathematical tools in nonparametric and high dimensional statistics to analyze learning in bnns as a statistical method the starting point is a novel interpretation of the local updating of bnn parameters as a specific and nonstandard derivativefree optimization method whereas derivativefree optimization is thought to be slow our conjecture is that it leads to favorable statistical properties in the setting underlying bnns if the research is successful it has the potential to open a new research area in mathematical statistics and provide insights into how the brain learns it could also lead to recommendations on how to make ai more efficient with less training data and how to train neuromorphic computer chips mimicking bnns
green investments household finances and local economic dynamics

greenvest fuses the power of satellite data and cuttingedge econometric analysis to study patterns emerging in two understudied interconnected phenomena at the crossroads of finance environmental science and economics 1 green investments and local economies and 2 the contribution of market dynamics on biodiversity loss and pollution drawing on research from environmental economics climate science finance and business strategy i will explore and reveal to what extent households financial welfare is impacted by public and private investments in green projects and how the investments performance and environmental impact of local firms and banks are affected by government green initiatives such as the eu green deal and the us inflation reduction act ira greenvests new modeling approach will not only enable environmental economists to estimate the financial value of natural ecosystems but highlight for the first time the financial value of nature conservation and the financial benefits of investments in naturebased solutions with the worldrenowned business school iese as my host and channeling my project through its institute of sustainable leadership i will grow new skills in project management skills ri insight communication and satellite and biodiversity data analysis to become a leading voice in biodiversity and sustainable finance in both academia and as a european policy influencer about green investments in service to public nonprofit and private institutions
from smallscale cooperative herding groups to nomadic empires a crosscultural approach

the main question of this research project is can political complexity evolve from smallscale cooperative groups the predominant view of nomadic empires that they are caused by contact with agricultural neighbours cannot explain how pastoralists transitioned from small kinbased cooperative herding groups to complex hierarchical groups with the power to conquer their sedentary neighbours by perceiving cooperative herding groups as the building blocks of nomadic societies this project aims to develop a theoretical explanation of pastoral political organisation ranging from acephalous societies in africa to imperial confederations in inner asia while cooperative herding has been documented previous studies have been based on single case studies thus a crosscultural investigation of pastoral cooperation is lacking there is also a view that livestock as the primary source of wealth limits the development of inequalities making pastoralism unable to support complex or hierarchical organisations however evidence indicates that environmentally induced livestock losses exacerbate rather than limit the development of wealth inequalities complexity rectifies this situation through three steps first by combining a systematic literature review of the ethnographic material with information in the ehraf world cultures database complexity will crossculturally document the prevalence of cooperative herding groups second by using a pluralistic methodology eg experimental economic games observations and interviews complexity will comparatively investigate to what degree pastoral cooperation is structured by evolutionary factors such as kinship reciprocity social network structure and norms and investigate how cooperation affect pastoral performance and inequality third by combining empirical data with modelling techniques complexity investigates whether cooperative herding groups can be considered prototypes for more complex organisations
emotional coupling in interpersonal synchronization

the proposed action titled ecosync aims to incorporate computational modelling as a pivotal framework for elucidating the intricate dynamics of social bonding this new framework is crucial for the european work programme in the current global crises the action perfectly aligns with the programmes vision of addressing pressing societal challenges for the wellbeing and stability of european communities recognizing the profound impact of emotions on human wellbeing this research endeavors to uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern the emergence of social bonding the action includes training in computational modelling and fundamental research in musical performance it highlights interpersonal synchronization as a method for cultivating strong interpersonal connections understanding the interplay between emotions and interpersonal synchronization in musical interaction opens up new avenues for exploration supporting resilience and recovery in the context of global adversity through social bondingto quantify the processes underlying the formation of social bonds we will execute a sequence of three work packages ie wp2wp4 these work packages will synergistically integrate cuttingedge methodologies from nonlinear dynamical systems social and affective neurosciences and music psychology wp2 will focus on the computational mapping of emotional effects on interpersonal coupling in wp3 we will validate and refine the model through empirical dyadic musical interaction leveraging advanced motion capture and physiological techniques in wp4 we will investigate how emotions influence group synchronization and its subsequent impact on social bondingfinally the actions international mobility and training in research will broaden the applicants academic portfolio and develop extensive experience as well as professional connections furthering the advancement of the applicants career as an independent researcher
learning from nature microbiome training towards improving agricultural sustainability

a major challenge for mankind in the age of climate change is to feed the increasing human population in a sustainable manner currently more than one third of crop yields are lost due to abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought salinity pests and diseases to minimize this yield gap and to simultaneously reduce the environmental impact of current agricultural practices future crop production needs to be achieved with reduced input of fertilizers and pesticides these challenges have increased the awareness of plant microbiomes bearing a hidden untapped potential for crop productivity and resilience that we must learn to use recently more and more microbial products are tested in agriculture but often they are based on one or a few bacteria inoculants however the performance and efficacy of these products can be affected by many factors such as soil type temperature humidity and the composition of the native microbiomes the aim of the microtrias project is to unfold the potential of microbiomes by steering the native soil microbial communities towards plantgrowth promoting and abiotic stress alleviating functions to achieve this goal i propose an innovative and ambitious multidisciplinary approach based on the hypothesis that we can stimulate and train functional and taxonomic shifts in microbiomes on demand to remodel and improve existing communities rather than introducing new elements in a native ecosystem additionally by monitoring the microbiome changes using beyond the state of art multiomics technologies i will be able to identify microbes and functions fundamental to desirable microbiome traits this study will suppose the first proof of concept of this novel integrative approach opening new avenues for microbiome applications in agricultural settings the findings of this study will be beneficial for improving agriculture sustainability but also will raise societal climate change awareness on the local and global scale
herint cultural heritage participation patterns among immigrants and their influence on integration the case of ukrainians in poland and poles in norway

how do immigrants engage with ancestral and new homeland heritage and what factors stand behind their heritage participation patterns can cultural heritage participation facilitate the process of immigrants integration and if so how these are the central research questions addressed in this project which has an ambition to contribute to culture creativity and inclusive societies cluster of the horizon europes second pillar public institutions in european countries promote the heritage of immigrant minorities in various ways as well as encourage the participation of immigrants in heritages of new homelands with a goal to enhance integration while there has been quite extended scholarly attention to the institutional forms of minority heritage inclusion into the mainstream the knowledge on the individual attitudes of immigrants regarding the participation in cultural heritage and its possible influence on immigrants integration to the new homeland is still limited this presents a gap between theory and practice and herein lies the potential of herint action the planned research aims at identifying the patterns of participation in cultural heritage by immigrants from poland in norway and from ukraine in poland and evaluating its influence on immigrants inclusion in the new homelands herint therefore aims at bridging the gap between migration and heritage studies by addressing the relevance of cultural heritage participation patterns to the issues of integration of immigrants and initiates an interdisciplinary and crosssectorial dialog between migration and heritage scholars and cultural heritage stakeholders this aim is supported by supervisors with an expertise in both migration and heritage studies and the stay at their institutions professor agata grny centre for migration research at the university of warsaw and professor jacek purchla international cultural centre
a novel inline sensing scheme for quality control optimization and structural integrity assessment of 3d concrete printing

insens3dcp presents an innovative solution to critical challenges within the realm of 3d concrete printing 3dcp safety and reliability concerns have hindered the broader adoption of 3dcp and the establishment of essential guidelines our project introduces an integrated inline sensing system for realtime property assessment during 3dcp precisely monitoring key properties such as yield strength green strength thixotropic behaviour and interlayer bond strength by establishing the relationship between process parameters and sensors in the pumping system and printed structure this allows for realtime adjustments of key process parameters enhancing printing outcomes insens3dcp not only ensures successful printing and quality assurance but also aligns with the uns sustainable development goals emphasizing sustainability our objectives encompass ambitious contributions interdisciplinary approaches and twoway knowledge transfer the project will enable me to excel in sensor technologies structural health monitoring techniques and digital technologies through collaboration with esteemed european research groups to maximize its impact our strategy targets scientific communities industry stakeholders and regulators we prioritize openaccess publications and conferences to ensure broad access to our research engagement with industry and regulatory bodies guarantees practical applicability and policy making the impacts of insens3dcp span scientific advancements economic growth and societal improvements ultimately contributing to refining construction processes and enhancing the safety affordability and accessibility of 3d concrete printing insens3dcp stands as a trailblazer pioneering a safer more reliable and sustainable approach to 3dcp
ilof aiaugmented photonics to identify and quantify disease biomarkers

ilof is a digital health company pioneering a breakthrough aiplatform to accelerate the future of personalized drug discovery development through advanced ai photonics we collect massive amounts of data to build a digital library of biomarkers biological profiles bringing together worldclass physicists biologists data scientists to get lifesaving personalized treatments to patients faster our platform captures labelfree patterns in biological liquid samples to generate specific patient or disease signatures the ilof device generates multiple highly focused nondestructive laser beams that interrogate the biological sample to obtain a digital signal of its light pattern that signal is used to detect modifications providing a flexible agnostic tool that is not limited to a single use or disease the current project focuses on developing an alzheimers disease ad clinical trial patient screening tool
tunable interactions in 2dimensional materials for quantum matter and light

interactions amongst a macroscopic number of constituents leads to emergent collective phenomena such as magnetism and superconductivity quantum confinement enhances interactions between electrons leading to a wide variety of manybody quantum phases atomically thin layered materials such as monolayer semiconductors are prime candidates to study the effect of interactions due to extreme quantum confinement moreover they offer unique features such as heterostructure assembly aided by van der waals interactions allowing for engineered electronic properties recently electronic transport measurements have uncovered correlated electronic phases such as mottinsulator and superconductors in heterostructures of seemingly ordinary semiconductors such as mose2 and wse2 this begs the question whether correlated phases of optical excitations such as excitons can be realized in such heterostructures in addition to being generated on demand such outofequilibrium phases should have a richer phase diagram moreover correlations amongst optical excitations could translate to emission of nonclassical light despite these attractive features a solidstate system which exploits all the aforementioned properties is currently lacking this proposal aims to realize a versatile 2d materials platform with tunable attractive and repulsive interactions amongst optical excitations and use it create spontaneously ordered phases such as excitonic ferromagnet and dipolar crystals we will also explore these phases for exotic light generation finally we will exploit the interplay between strong interactions and the underlying geometry and topology of electronic states to hunt for elusive topological correlated phases such as fractional quantum hall states of excitons the achievement of these objectives will uncover designprinciples for exotic quantum phases and enable the discovery of novel quantum matter and light a fundamental goal of condensed matter physics
decoding requirements for infiltration of t cells into solid tumors

cancer immunotherapies that leverage t cell activities are transforming cancer treatment currently enormous effort has been devoted to empowering t cells to recognize and attack tumor cells in contrast the trafficking of t cells into tumors a crucial prerequisite and limiting factor for effective t celltumor cell interactions receives relatively less attention while at the same time being poorly understood this is due to the complex and dynamic nature of t cell trafficking and the lack of model systems that allow functionbased systematic investigation of the specific process this proposal integrates innovative functional genomics into physiologically relevant models that recapitulate two essential steps in the migration of effector t cells into tumors to investigate i chemokine production in the tumor microenvironment tme and ii chemotactic infiltration of t cells into tumors here we focus on one of the most devastating cancers pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pdac because it poses considerable physical and biochemical barriers that restrict the access of effector t cells to tumor cells and substantially resists all available therapieswe will 1 elucidate the coregulatory mechanisms of the expression of chemokines that direct t cell recruitment and exclusion in parallel we will 2 develop model systems to systematically reveal cellintrinsic determinants in t cells that influence their capability to infiltrate tumors finally we will 3 evaluate whether pharmacological or genetic targeting of the modulators of t cell trafficking improves t cellbased cancer immunotherapies collectively this project will deliver fundamental insight into the mechanisms that regulate t cell trafficking into tumors and may yield novel strategies to broaden or increase the efficacy of the current cancer immunotherapies
molecular mechanisms and consequences of thermal stress rippling through changing aquatic environments

heat stress is a driver of current mass mortalities related to anthropogenic global warming however current approaches to study heat stress have not considered three major but little known aspects these are i the ripple effect which could amplify negative outcomes through propagating heat stress among organisms ii heat stress as an evolutionary mutagen and iii genomic networks as filters for prezygotic selection which together could speed up the process of evolutionary adaptation to rapidly changing environments in this project these properties of heat stress will be studied in vulnerable early life stages of three distinct aquatic ectotherms a ragworm a fish and a frog to achieve an understanding of how universal these aspects of heat stress are among distinct unrelated species first this project will explore whether thermal stress can be propagated by means of chemical communication stress metabolites to naive receivers of different species outcomes on development will be compared with differential gene expression we will then identify heatinduced stress metabolites and their molecular pathways of action through rnasequencing metabolomics and crisprmediated gene editing we will then test whether thermal stress and stress metabolites exposure induce higher mutation rates through heatinduced transposon activity and reduced dna repair capacity gdna sequencing will be combined with optical genome mapping to identify mutation rates and new structural variants lastly we will identify the role of functional genomic network constraint in filtering such variants we will sequence a reference genome and explore through ailed simulations whether networks with topological node constraints outperform those without constraint together these objectives will transform our understanding of the mechanisms and the extent to which organisms will respond to anthropogenic warming
catalytic hydrotreatment of kraft lignin to aromatics

crude oil is the primary source for sixmembered aromatic hydrocarbons building blocks for the production of synthetic fibers pharmaceuticals pesticides and dyes due to the looming petroleum crisis biomass valorization is currently receiving a great emphasis in industries and academic institutions for sustainable chemical production for decades the pulp and paper industries struggled to generate sustainable technologies to produce valueadded chemicals from the kraft lignin where it was utilized as fuel to produce heat this issue is now at the forefront in front of the second generation of biorefineries since the first generation of biofuels relies on the food material resulting in rising food prices therefore there is an urgent need to develop sustainable processes for the production of aromatics from renewable sources ie lignin a natural biopolymer consisting of 6 membered aromatic rings therefore the hydrotreatment of lignin to aromatics contributes to emerging resource sustainability and makes the biorefining processes profitable the proposed project lig2btx aims to develop a unique sustainable catalytic hydrotreatment process for the production of aromatics from an inexpensive and abundant kraft lignin by utilizing dandelion type single hollow microsphere catalyst also investigation of the best routes for high yields of aromatics and minimize the overall production cost the lig2btx project combines knowledge from the synthesis of catalysts chemical engineering and understanding the molecular level processes by dft studies this project will provide breakthrough scientific and engineering experience combined with an excellent training program it will implement several work packages focusing on dandelion flowerlike metal oxide synthesis processes for the production of aromatics from lignin and optimization of the process the high yields of aromatics together with the innovation management
plasticizers flameretardants and surfactants new alternatives validating the safe and sustainable by design approach

the green deal sets up ambitious roadmaps for increasing eu sovereignty while promoting safer and more sustainable approaches the ssbd framework published by jrc and adopted by the commission proposes an approach to evaluate the safety environmental and socioeconomic dimensions of molecules materials and processes the applicability of this framework is currently being tested under different typologies of products and maturity levels planets will demonstrate the applicability of the framework while technically developing alternatives for 3 of the most important classes of molecules in chemical industries plasticizers flame retardants and surfactants at trl 6 and their incorporation into broadly available consumer goods at trl7 the new molecules and products will be significantly safer to workers and consumers and will have considerably lower environmental impact while ensuring economic viability and social awareness throughout the 3 value chains vcplanets consortium brings together 18 complementary partners from 7 countries including 7 large companies and 4 smes covering the 3 complete vc 4 rto and the 3 nonprofit organizations these actors will bring the expertise required for all the project development development of safer and more sustainable alternatives through ssbd assessments in a tiered approach demonstration of the integration of the new molecules for the manufacturing of new products for various applications coating insulation foams and childcare articles social and humanities sciences business plans and market uptake approaches digital product passport identification of new skills and training interactions with appropriate stakeholders and citizens and feedback to jrc and the ec planets ambitions are to strongly contribute to pave the road for the adoption of ssbd framework while proposing a roadmap towards industrialisation and market uptake of the alternative solutions