Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
politicobureaucratic relations in the context of decentralization understanding conflicts and outcomes in jordan morocco and tunisia

decentralization reforms in the global south have witnessed a surge since the 1980s embraced by governments and international donors as a solution to myriad problems from poor public services and territorial inequalities to corruption and low public trust decentralization reforms have been introduced across the middle east and north africa mena many of these reforms are strongly supported by international donors on the assumption that they promote citizen participation accountability and local development however there is little empirical assessment of whether decentralization reforms are in fact achieving these purported benefits following decentralization reforms in the mena in the past decade prominent conflicts have taken place between appointed and elected subnational officials the researchers own phd research on the politics of decentralization reforms in tunisia in 201119 suggests that decentralization reforms and the entry of thousands of elected local councillors into politics is challenging the existing distribution of power between elected local politicians and centrallyappointed regional or municipal officials conflicts between these two groups and their outcomes have significant implications for both the democratic and developmental benefits of decentralization this research project seeks to identify to what extent decentralization reforms serve to redistribute decisionmaking power from central government to local elected representatives and under what conditions specifically it asks when and why appointed central government representatives and local elected officials come into conflict following decentralization and under which conditions local elected officials are able to successfully resist bureaucratic opposition where conflict occurs thus asserting local autonomy these questions are central to reform processes that can deliver tangible improvements for the lives of millions
synthetic methods in program verification

typesynth synthetic methods in program verificationsoftware systems mediate a growing proportion of human activity eg communication transport medicine industrial and agricultural production etc as a result it is urgent to understand and better control both the correctness and security properties of these increasingly complex software systems the diversity of verification requirements speaks to a need for models of program execution that smoothly interpolate between many different levels of abstractionmodels of program execution vary in expressiveness along the spectrum of possible programming languages and specification logics at one extreme dependent type theory is a language for mathematicallyinspired functional programming that is sufficiently expressive to serve as its own specification logic dependent type theory has struggled however to incorporate several computational effects that are common in everyday programming languages such as state and concurrency languages that support these features require very sophisticated specification logics due to the myriad details that must be surfaced in their semantic modelsin the context of dependent type theory i have recently developed a new technique called synthetic tait computability or stc that smoothly combines multiple levels of abstraction into a single language inspired by sophisticated mathematical techniques invented in topos theory and category theory for entirely different purposes stc enables lowlevel details even down to execution steps to be manipulated in a simpler and more abstract way than ever before making them easier to control mathematically perhaps more importantly the stc method makes it possible to import ideas and techniques from other fields that seemed more distant prior to my interventionthe goal of the typesynth project is to extend the successful stc approach to a wider class of programming models in particular programming languages with effects
the benefits of conflict how factions can enhance political parties electoral performance

political parties and voters form important relationships in a democracy the conventional wisdom is that divided parties lose elections yet the empirical evidence for this is ad hoc and there are good reasons to suspect that it is at best a conditional wisdom firstly the factional groups that divide parties vary in many different ways even if the conventional wisdom treats them all the same secondly since factions have somewhat different preferences than the rest of the party they could also be useful in representing additional segments of society however there is currently no systematic analysis of the impact of factions whether negative or positive on a partys electoral result intraparty is a comparative study of factions and their effects on political parties electoral success in europe by answering the overall research question of when and how can factions have positive effects on political parties electoral performance intraparty launches a new scientific inquiry that challenges the conventional wisdom and seeks to explain the positive effects of factions on parties electoral performance it provides unprecedented theoretical and empirical insights into the true role of factions in representative democracies the project elaborates an original theory explaining factional effects on parties electoral performance that accounts for the inherent balancing factions face between inducing pressure but not harm on their party factions constitute a source of representation and reputation to voters that was previously neglected empirically the project breaks new ground by combining theorytesting and exploratory approaches from research in party politics interest group and computational social sciences by constructing an original comparative dataset on factions and parties over time and designing creative survey experiments to test voters reactions the project tests the effects of factions on parties electoral success in europe
protecting irregular migrants in europe institutions interests and policies

there is little knowledge on how and why the conditions of irregular migrants vary so dramatically across europe key to this variation are countries and sectors different institutional landscapes understanding the role and effects of institutional variations and the interests with which they are associated is a critical precondition for effective national and eu policies on irregular migrants prime will provide a new comparative institutional approach to understanding the conditions and vulnerabilities of irregular migrants in europe understanding irregularity as a complex gendered status it will conduct largescale surveys structured policy analysis and qualitative interviews with irregular migrants employers policy actors interest groups and voters across eight european countries prime will generate new analysis on how migrants outcomes and experiences are shaped by national socioeconomic institutions including national labour market regulations and welfare institutions sectoral policies and the actions and interests of migrants and citizens prime will examine the inevitable goal conflicts that arise in policymaking toward irregular migrants and propose strategies for how they may be best managed across different institutional settings to enable more effective policymaking that benefits both migrants and host communities to engage its key target groups national and eu policy actors interest groups and the scientific community prime will create a primehub for joint knowledge creation and exchange which will extend beyond the project lifetime in this way prime will go beyond simple bestpractice models by providing evidence on contextsensitive strategies and policy tools as a basis for achievable and sustainable policymaking on irregular migrants
toward nextgeneration xray imaging pbfree perovskite charge transport engineering

xrays are widely applied in medical diagnostics security screening and scientific research the growing demand for xray imaging has increased the frequency with which humans are exposed to ionizing xrays directly increasing radiationrelated health risks to minimize these health risks xpect aims to rationally design materials that enable more sensitive xray detectors thus allowing the use of lower operational radiation doses metal halide perovskite mhp semiconductors have emerged as a highly promising material class for sensitive xray detection besides their easy processing the popularity of mhps arises from their outstanding optoelectronic properties such as strong highenergy xray absorption and efficient charge carrier generation and transport outperforming current market standards however the intrinsic instability and toxicity of popular leadbased mhps hinders their largescale application in sustainable xray technology xpect aims for a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic strengths and limitations of mhps as photoactive material for xray detection in this context xpect will address urging scientific hurdles related to toxicity structural and chemical stability intrinsic charge carrier transport efficiency and processing efforts the ultimate goal of xpect is to rationally develop highly sensitive sustainable leadfree mhps through micromanaging their electronic structure by composition and dimensionality engineering tailoring their functionality will be guided by applying a full arsenal of both established characterization techniques and unique microspectroscopy platforms for the full assessment of the structural and photophysical properties to identify and suppress the factors currently limiting the xray sensitivity and stability ultimately selected candidate materials will be processed into a stable scalable pixelated xray demonstrator device with a 20 to 50fold improved sensitivity and resolution
colorsensing tracking true colors

reducing food waste is an issue that concerns us all the colorsensing company was born to contribute to this urgent global call by developing an affordable smart packaging solution to help packaged food manufacturers and retailers reduce waste and ensure the quality and safety of their products thanks to its ceo m eugenia martn what began as an idea in the research laboratory of the university of barcelona has already transcended into a minimally viable product which consists of the use of a qr label smart label with integrated smart inks that are capable of to determine the actual state and conditions of packaged foods users can read these smart labels simply by taking a photo and with our smart reading program developed with our algorithm they will receive quantified information about the real state of the food they intend to consume all the elements that this innovation includes were created and developed by our company offering an easytouse solution for the food packaging industry which does not have the necessary technology to receive information about the quality and real state of conservation of food packaged throughout its useful life as a result we can improve the efficiency of the supply chain and reduce the costs involved in not having constant control of the real state of the food our product has already been tested with excellent results thanks to our participation in the vegalsa project where we monitor the condition of the meat with our qr labels and through an app developed by us in a supermarket chain we offer a solution framed within the eu standards regarding the food packaging industry where a mediumsized manufacturer can save more than 300000year by using our product furthermore consuming packaged food with our integrated technology would guarantee the sanitary state of the food allowing our company to become the new standard of quality and food safety
musical imitation in medieval europe 11101300

the project will study the cultural interrelations between sacred music and lay vernacular lyric by uncovering and analysing the melodic imitations that occur between the two repertoires the research will focus on lyric music and manuscript sources produced in france and occitania from the beginning of the 11th to the end of the 13th century with the aim of understanding to what extent troubadour and trouvre poetry which was always accompanied by music depended on the latin ecclesiastical cultural humus its forms and its techniques imitation and memory were constitutive aspects of artistic creation in the middle ages which was more often driven by an attraction for an established tradition rather than the perceived need for innovation the project will exploit digital technologies available and develop new computational perspectives to analyse large corpora of liturgical and vernacular music in order detect concordances between melodies with the aim of assessing the intertextual literary and ideological implications of musical reuse with this goal the researcher will create a sophisticated searching tool able to detect similarities in melodic sequences which will take into account musicological principals as well as the variability inherent to the process of manuscript copy a secondment period at mcgill will enable the fellow to use optical music recognition to enlarge the dataset of encoded melodies at an unprecedented speed and accuracy this is expected to substantially increase the discovery of musical correspondences the research will enhance our understanding of the dialectic between imitation and creation in the middle ages and contribute to define the osmotic yet conflicting relationship between lay and religious culture and their creative environments throughout the later middle ages
european glaucoma research training program advancing the approach of advanced glaucoma

egretaaa is a joint doctorate program to provide training in glaucoma research leading to joint doctoral degrees for 15 esrs it converts existing partnerships between universities into longlasting ones together with many private and societal partners our consortium forms a cradle for a european network of highly skilled resilient entrepreneurial and creative researchers who will inspire each other to excel in glaucoma research both during and long after the funding period egretaaa will produce innovative treatments to protect and restore vision in patients with progressive eye disease glaucoma by using revolutionary human retinal organoids we will accelerate the development of new treatments and bring gene therapy and stem cellbased approaches a major step closer to clinical implementation while minimizing the need for animal research through our findings we will be able to protect the regenerated eyebrain connections and develop diagnostic techniques to select patients suitable for treatment and to evaluate intervention effects by doing so we will ultimately save approximately 1 million europeans from blindness and another 5 million from significant vision loss thereby increasing their quality of life and dramatically reducing societal and health care coststhrough our interdisciplinary and intersectoral training the 15 esrs will gain essential skills and assets for success in a broad range of careers in academia and beyond based on our previous experience gained on multiple training networks we believe that this timely program provides an indepth graduate research training environment of unrivalled quality and pertinence far greater and better than the sum of its parts by anticipating continued demand for the skills and experience of our esrs we see egretaaa as the precursor of a permanent and sustainable glaucomafocused european doctoral program
metabolomicsdriven molecular source analysis for personalized medicine in children

while recent advent empowered the new reality of holistic metabolic phenotyping we are currently still unable to accurately determine the sources of the underlying metabolites this is undoubtedly the main stumbling block in inferring causality to new biomarkers for disease prevention prediction and prognosis particularly given the rapidly increasing burden of metabolic diseases at the same time conventional metabolomics methods do not meet the requirements for adoption in clinical practice memosa will address these issues by unraveling the source hierarchy of the gastrointestinal metabolome ultimately enabling effective personalized treatments through longitudinal source modulation and followup first two workflows for 1 highthroughput comprehensive 2d metabolomics and lipidomics and 2 rapid clinically applicable ambient ionization metabotyping will be developed second molecular fingerprints of our unique deeply phenotyped pediatric cohorts 15k children will be generated and advanced machine learning algorithms will be used to predict metabolite abundances based on their sources ie diet lifestyle anthropometrics microbiome drug intake psychological factors clinical markers etc third a combination of in vitro digestions in vivo humanized mice and in silico experiments with selected source variables will be designed to contribute to our understanding of sourcemetabolite causality these mechanistic insights will be used to build dedicated intervention trials in children with specific sourcedominated metabotypes memosa will lay the foundation for integrating metabolomics into personalized and preventive medicine in children through i better prediction of individual metabotypes in relation to health ii indepth insight into metabolite sources which will foster a framework for biomarker qualification and unraveling disease etiology iii greater treatment efficacy through dedicated metabolomedriven source modulation
emissionfree hv and mv transmision switchgear for ac and dc

the use of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases ghg into the atmosphere must be minimised as fast as possible to reach a climateneutral society by 2050 a vital prerequisite of the decarbonisation is the rapid growth of renewables in 2050 more than 60 of electrical power is expected to come from wind and solar both significantly more remote located than traditional thermal power generation to achieve this efficient gridintegration of renewables across europe and globally requires the development of highpower transmission systems and components and more specifically medium voltage dc mvdc and high voltage dc hvdc switchgear in existing grids mvac and hvac switchgear is filled with the insulation gas sf6 the worlds most potent ghg with a global warming potential gwp of 24 300 sf6emissions due to leakages during gas handling or defective sealings compartments represents a significant part of the grid owners total ghg emissions mission project will develop and demonstrate three sf6free products as keylevers for climate neutral power transmission based on the requirements defined by tsos filling critical gaps in future hybrid acdc grids 1 sf6free hvac circuit breaker will be developed and type tested by siemens energy and installed and demonstrated by statnett in norway and rte in france reaching trl 8 2 sf6free hvdc gis will be developed and type tested by siemens energy in germany reaching trl 8 3 mvdc circuit breaker will be developed and tested in relevant environment by gw reaching trl 6 in addition mission will determine technical properties of different sf6alternatives for application in ac and dc switchgear for high and medium voltage operation mission will contribute to enable emissionfree energy transmission and switchgear technology transition for a resilient and sustainable future electric grid
sonophoresis smartpatch for painfree controllable and wearable transdermal drug delivery

wearable smartpatch is a unique needlefree drug delivery solution based on a patented electronic system that opens skin pores temporarily to deliver macromolecular drugs it generates sound waves sonophoresis that increase the size of the skin pores without pain or damage and passes drugs like insulin heparin or epo 50kda through reaching the hypodermis and capillary vessels without altering the pharmacokinetic profile of the drugit has a durable part with 3year warranty including the ultrasound generator electronics and battery and a disposable and recyclable piece that encloses the adhesive and the drug reservoir with up to 2ml average for 3 days of treatment changeable in less than 2 minutesthe device can vary both the absorption rate and the depth reached depending on programmed stimulation parameters which allows adaptation to different skin types and therapeutic uses our tests have shown absorption rates of at least 005 mlminute on a 1 cm2 pig skin area
entangled tertiary folds

the most sophisticated functions of proteins emerge at the level of their tertiary structure and involve large amplitude conformational changes in contrast the functions of synthetic molecules are currently limited by our inability to control their structure beyond the level of static secondary structures proteoknot seeks to address this limitation by introducing entanglements as a tool to control tertiary folding while maintaining the flexibility required to allow them to change conformation the first objective of this project is to establish design principles to guide the construction of entangled tertiary folds these principles will be tested with the assembly of multiplystranded helices wp1 entangled macromolecules wp2 and polymers wp3 the second objective is to introduce photoswitchable handles in these structures to enable remote control over their conformational states wp4 operating the transition from the traditional design of static secondary folds to the design of dynamic tertiary folds will unlock the possibility to engineer increasingly complex macromolecules with proteinlike functions these exquisite architectures feature tandem helical motifs and cavities providing an avenue toward highly elaborated receptors and catalysts to illustrate the great potential of entangled tertiary folds for future applications our third objective will be to develop their use as multiresponsive switchable catalysts wp5
6gpath 6g pilots and trials through europe

the path towards 6g is beginning now that 5g matured and is being deployed worldwide both publicly and privately while 5g brought a step up in many fields such as performance and efficiency more is always expected in terms of efficiency by the overall community and in terms of performance by industry and technology providers who want to further increase their offerings and products continuous demands for higher throughput lower latency and more energy efficient communications needs to be supported by relevant use cases that can claim and demonstrate the needs for these requests6gpath goal is to help foster the further development and integration of new and improved tools and products from eu companies with 5g6g while also measuring relevant kpis and kvis to achieve this 7 testbeds will be part of the project consortium which will be used by 10 use cases spread across four key verticals health education smart cities and farming moreover a relevant portion of the budget will be used for fstp where we envision the integration of 2 new pilot sites extend the testbeds with 10 additional technologies as well as 30 new use cases through open calls to further involve the community and obtain more metrics and outcomes6gpath plans to work closely with other ongoingstarting streamb and streamc projects in a feedback loop where the innovations that partners are achieving in other projects can be deployed and further tested by our pool of use cases and open calls while sharing our results and outcomes to further cement the innovation being made