Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
threats to biodiversity conservation global impacts of renewable energies and the interaction with other human activities

renewable energy developments are essential to fighting climate change but we do not yet fully understand their global spatial patterns and impacts on biodiversity conservation moreover they could interact with other human pressures that are already threatening wildlife species understanding these interactions the underlying factor triggering these threats and their effects on protected areas especially in areas where more threats overlap would help us better prioritize and optimize efforts to break free from fossil fuels while also halting the loss of biodiversity therefore this project aims to improve our current knowledge of the threats that renewable energy developments represent to biodiversity and to explore and advance our understanding of the interactions with other humaninduced threats to biodiversity this project will map for the first time the likelihood of impact of all renewable energy developments using the international union for conservation of nature red list of threatened species for amphibians birds and mammals together with other threat maps agriculture afforestation overhunting invasive species pollution and climate change obtained from peerreviewed public sources this project will identify and assess the interactions between threats through a cooccurrence matrix and identify areas where more threats overlap finally it will evaluate the socioeconomic factors that are triggering all these threats and their effects on protected areas in two contrasting regions europe and south america this project will promote a link between conservation and energy developments providing relevant information to nature policies which is both timely and urgent as human impacts have become catastrophic on biodiversity it will also have a substantial impact on my career as new skills in ecological modelling and global threat assessment will complement my previous experience in humaninduced threats and conservation biology
imaging the local flow of heat and phonons

efficient heat management is of paramount importance for modernday electronics to ensure optimal performance and energy consumption while fouriers twocenturyold macroscopic model for heat diffusion has served as a valuable tool in particular for homogeneous solids at room temperature it does not hold on short time and length scales notably the model assumes that an abrupt and localized temperature perturbation propagates instantly everywhere in the rest of the materialthis project aims to visualize the breakdown of the fouriers law paving the way for the development of a more physically satisfying model of heat propagation my investigation will focus on a specific and very illustrative nonfourier transport regime that has recently attracted considerable interest in the scientific community the viscous hydrodynamic regime to achieve this i will design and construct a highly sensitive and spatially resolved thermometer capable of probing material surfaces with an exceptional resolution to resolve heat propagation at the nanoscale this tool is a squidontip sot i will carefully scan materials known to exhibit this phenomenon at different scales and play with geometries to enhance or attenuate its effects by comparing the temperature maps obtained in these regimes with predictions from recent theoretical propositions i will directly test these models this project will illuminate the underlying microscopic mechanisms responsible for heat transport offering crucial insights into the intricate nature of heat propagation in materials at the nanoscalethermoscopy represents a groundbreaking initiative that will serve as a stepping stone towards the formulation of a comprehensive physical model for heat propagation in solids beyond the fourier equation this will impact the design of future more energy efficient materials
modern challenges in learning theory

recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in the field of machine learning ml learning algorithms are applied in an everincreasing variety of contexts ranging from engineering challenges such as selfdriving cars all the way to societal contexts involving private data these developments pose important challenges i many of the recent breakthroughs demonstrate phenomena that lack explanations and sometimes even contradict conventional wisdom one main reason for this is because classical ml theory adopts a worstcase perspective which is too pessimistic to explain practical ml in reality data is rarely worstcase and experiments indicate that often much less data is needed than predicted by traditional theory ii the increase in ml applications that involve private and sensitive data highlights the need for algorithms that handle the data responsibly while this need has been addressed by the field of differential privacy dp the cost of privacy remains poorly understood how much more data does private learning require compared to learning without privacy constraints inspired by these challenges our guiding question is how much data is needed for learning towards answering this question we aim to develop a theory of generalization which complements the traditional theory and is better fit to model realworld learning tasks we will base it on distribution data and algorithmdependent perspectives these complement the distributionfree worstcase perspective of the classical theory and are suitable for exploiting specific properties of a given learning task we will use this theory to study various settings including supervised semisupervised interactive and private learning we believe that this research will advance the field in terms of efficiency reliability and applicability furthermore our work combines ideas from various areas in computer science and mathematics we thus expect further impact outside our field
towards operational supermodel climate prediction

toscp will proofofconcept a radically new approach to climate prediction based on supermodelling climate prediction promises reliable information on climate and its extremes for the coming seasons and years this information is critical to providing climate services that are needed to build a resilient and sustainable society unfortunately predicting climate in the extratropics remains a major challenge model systematic error is the major limitation in the north atlanticeuropean sector it leads to the strong under representation of the predictable dynamics compared to unpredictable atmospheric weather patterns the current approach to account for such errors is to perform a vast number of independent simulations with different models this is computationally expensive and impractical in an operational context the supermodel approach developed in the ercstercp project is aptly suited to improve climate prediction a supermodel combines a set of different models in runtime so that the individual model errors compensate so as to produce a superior model the approach is extremely effective in mitigating longstanding model errors and can control the ratio between predictable and unpredictable dynamics toscp will reconfigure a supermodel developed in the stercp project for climate prediction the supermodel is based on three stateoftheart climate models we will develop new ensemble generation and data assimilation schemes we aim to demonstrate that supermodel climate predictions greatly outperform the standard approach to climate prediction that is currently used for climate services dialogue with users and providers of climateservices will ensure the development of an optimal configuration of the new prediction system and its use in operational climate services this will set the stage for the wider exploitation of supermodel climate prediction leading to improved climate services for the benefit of society
regions alliances for interconnected startup ecosystems

the main goal of raise is to contribute to the development of a new and sustainable integrated support framework to foster startup growth and scaleup within and across europe in all its dimensions from initial funding research support to public incentives and internationalization this will result in promoting competitive business models unconventional collaborations and solutions from all in all over europe and contributing to the establishment of a true eu startup ecosystem not based on a single city or region but linking all of them togetherthe vision of an interconnected eu startup ecosystem has been largely developed through the combined efforts of european associations complementing the scope of the actions of national or regional agencies in the different countries which offers a first opportunity for a more global perspective on the different aspects of startup supporthowever and in spite of several cooperation initiatives between these organisations there is still a lack of integration between their action plans which creates gaps in startup support at eu level this proposal will address these gaps establishing a joint agenda to build an effective collaboration amongst key players of the innovation ecosystem fostering a common action that will inovolve key stakeholders at regional national and eu level that play a role in the lifecycle of startups growth be through upskilling initiatives ri programmes and policies capacity building private investment or access to public funding
a datadriven approach to microstructural imaging

the ability to study tissue microstructure in vivo and completely noninvasively using magnetic resonance imaging mri has the potential to radically change how we detect monitor and treat diseases in particular the many neurodegenerative diseases that affect our worlds aging population unfortunately the mri signal is a very indirect measure of microstructure and the variety of contributing factors complicates a onetoone association between the mri measurements and the biological substrate as a result microstructural mapping is still a poorly understood and challenging inverse problem that often yields inconsistent and contradictory outcomes in adami i will take the next leap in microstructure imaging by approaching the problem in a completely datadriven fashion as opposed to the stateoftheart that is modeldriven this paradigm shift will enable me to turn the mri scanner into a powerful in vivo microscope that can provide reliable information about tissue microstructure that closely matches the underlying cellular composition rather than relying only on a single source of contrast i will exploit the versatility of mri and use multiple independent contrast mechanisms that will provide the necessary information to distinguish reliably between microscopic substrates rather than relying on preconceived models i will use machine learning to learn the appropriate models directly from the data rather than performing a posteriori histological validation of these new microstructural models i will acquire a priori histological data to directly inform this learning process guaranteeing for the first time a close match between microstructural readouts obtained from mri and invasive histology through these innovations adami will advance the field of medical imaging by introducing a groundbreaking datadriven approach to microstructure imaging which will significantly impact the understanding diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases and beyond
a metapredictive model of synthetic awareness for enabling tool invention

around 33 million years ago our ancestors made the first tool they imagined a new utensil and then knapped a stone until it became an efficient tool for cutting tool creation was an outstanding technological milestone for humanity providing us with unprecedented control over our environment this ability required cognitive capabilities such as prediction metacognition abstraction and creativityall of which are associated in humans with awareness current artificial intelligence systems and robots largely lack these capabilities and cannot even monitor and evaluate the consequence of their actions let alone develop new tools to address environmental challengesmetatool aims to provide a computational model of synthetic awareness to enhance adaptation and achieve tool invention this will enable a robot to monitor and selfevaluate its performance ground and reuse this information for adapting to new circumstances and finally unlock the possibility of creating new toolsunder the predictive account of awareness and based on both neuroscientific and archeological evidence we will 1 develop a novel computational model of metacognition based on predictive processing metaprediction and 2 validate its utility in real robots in two use case scenarios conditional sequential tasks and tool creationmetatool will provide a blueprint for the next generation of artificial systems and robots that can perform adaptive and anticipative control with and without tools improved technology selfevaluation novel explainable ai and invent new tools disruptive innovation toolmaking and toolinvention are outstanding technological milestones in human history a similar breakthrough can now be envisioned in engineering we already have algorithms to enable machines to use tools and now it is time to develop robots that create tools
demonstration of innovative functional food production systems based on a sustainable value chain of marine and freshwater raw materials for conscientious european consumers

novafoodies will offer novel competitive functional products to european consumers from a reliable traceable and sustainable fisheries and aquaculture value chains to reach this novafoodies is composed of an international consortium covering the whole value chain and expertise production processing transformation biosecurity legislation consumer associations experts in business it and sustainability novafoodies willdemonstrate at trl 67 in 10 cases studies costefficient and sustainable fish micro and macro algae production processes that will benefit from natural ecosystem services bring to trl6 an innovative sustainable microwaveassisted algae drying process to maximising efficiency and lower costsupscaling to trl 67 an innovative biorefinery concept for separation of functional extracts from fish and seaweeds which will be optimised for the technoeconomic and environmental validation 12 functional food prototypes will be prepared using these extracts as well as fish bycatch algae for human products and aquafeeds which will be assessed in terms of properties biosecurity and standards and will be brought to consumers by educative activities as eg showcookingsbring to trl7 an innovative process to make ecological packaging material from macroalgaebring to trl6 a process to convert the beach wracks material to invertebrate biomass for aquafeedsbring to trl6 a process to valorise fisheries bycatchs to create novel food for human consumptionnovafoodies will develop a marketplatform mobile app using iot technologies and advanced data analysis for tracing wastes optimisation along the value chain enhacing consumers trustpartners are committed to the exploitation of developed technologies being actively involved in the dissemination exploitation as well as education and training activities in local areas to promote sociolaboral inclusion and paving the way to the market entry of new products and processes
road to friday of science and art

refocus art road to friday of science and art project aims to substantially raise public awareness about the importance and positive role of science for and in society by bringing the researchers into the focus of the general public the 2020 year demonstrated the necessity for the state of the art of science in everyday life and large creativity in the research process to respond to contemporary challengesskills such as creativity problemsolving and critical thinking will be fundamental for the carriers of todays generations we argue the same skills are crucial for the researcher career and instrumental in art as well science and art may have different subjects and different audiences but share the investigative spirit motivation and skills both artists and researchers strive to see the world in new ways and when they succeed in those endeavours the general public acquires a novel perspective and new knowledge both are based on the process which can lead to encouraging to use creativity and critical thinking and questioning the world around usthis year by using science is art as an overall theme we want to promote the creativity critical thinking and problemsolving skills of researchers and artists as an imperative for the development of science and society in this way we want to inspire and stimulate young people to be innovative and to seek creative solutions to different problems and challengesthe activities will take place in the 14 cities and 46 diverse venues through serbia including research institutes old streets and houses museums archaeological sites fortress science clubs shopping malls city parks and libraries some of the activities will be exclusively online allowing reaching the public outside proposed cities the diversity of partners in the project both cultural and scientific institutions will expand the general image of how and why science and researchers are important for society
excellence and competitiveness in marine algae aquaculture for a sustainable black sea

algae aquaculture represents an alternative for high quality healthy and diverse sea products with climate change benefits in terms of carbon sequestration and positive environmental social and economic impacts in romania marine algae aquaculture maa is underdeveloped and faces considerable challenges in meeting the current targets despite its considerable potential for the sustainable development of the country and especially the black sea region to overcome this challenge exaqua supports nimrd in building excellence in the field of maa as a catalyst in the black sea developing and enhancing competitiveness of the local value chain for the exploitation of marine living resources in multiple applications creating new jobs and market opportunities the aim is to transfer maa knowledge tailored to the black sea specific environment from western top leading institutions to nimrd with the support of other targeted publicprivate organisations to finally enable the creation of new industries and business and to enforce the blue economy value chain exaqua will be implemented through 4 action pillars 1 creating excellence science in marine algae aquaculture 2 enforcing capacity building for nimrd to increase their impact in rdi 3 strengthening the local innovation ecosystem for the industrial uptake of new technological solutions for maa 4 creating synergies through the creation of a cluster for marine applied aquaculture the two topleading institutions will enable nimrds research skills in macro algae largescale cultivation and will open new lines for further developement these actions will unlock structural changes enabling stronger collaborations between industry academia policy makers and civil society in the black sea and beyond to add the eu southeast region to the marine and algae aquaculture map reducing disparities among eu regions and contributing to the achievement of the green deal targets
ntase products and cyclic nucleotide signalling

survival of a cell depends on its ability to receive and process information coming from the environment second messengers are the key transmitters of information that rapidly amplify the signal inside the cell cyclic nucleotides cns are the most diversified category of second messengers and are found in all organisms modulating diverse pathways cns are best studied in bacteria where they have a variety of biological functions in humans the only described cyclic dinucleotide is cgamp which elicits an antiviral immune response cgamp is rapidly emerging as a promising drug candidate in eg cancer immunotherapy i hypothesise that additional cns contribute to yet uncharacterized pathways in humans and my aim is to discover novel cns and their signalling pathways cns are synthesized by nucleotidyltransferases ntases and many human ntases remain uncharacterized by the lack of activity in the absence of the cognate ligandthis project aims to reveal the molecular function of uncharacterized ntases and to discover novel cn signalling pathways in humans in immune and nonimmunerelated areas of biology i will focus in objective on the activation of as yet uncharacterized ntases and in objective i want to identify cn signalling pathways involved in immune responses and beyond the proposed experiments will provide me with candidates and precedence for cn signalling in humans other than cgamp the concept that yet uncharacterized cns are involved in immune signalling as well as other pathways is highly innovative together the wellstudied activities in bacteria and the overall conservation of ntases in humans further support fundamental involvement of cn signalling in humans my proposed research will open up conceptually new modes of regulation in human biology reveal novel signalling pathways and in the longterm contribute to new therapeutic options using cns as drugs
the quarkgluon plasma through energy correlators

the quarkgluon plasma qgp created in highenergy collisions of heavy nuclei at the large hadron collider lhc is an exotic state of matter made of deconfined quarks and gluons which behaves as a stronglycoupled fluid with no discernible microscopic particlelike dynamics understanding how this stronglycoupled liquid emerges from matter which at very short distances is made of weaklycoupled partons stands as one of the paramount challenges in heavyion physics for the coming decade to address this fundamental question we must probe the qgp at varying resolution scales qgpthrougheecs proposes an innovative approach to multiscale microscopy of the qgp based on examining the structure of the jets energy flux deposited on the detectors captured in a class of observables finding their origins in conformal field theories known as energyenergy correlators eecs npoint eecs look at the energy distribution of all combinations of n final particles within a jet as a function of their angular distances much like temperature correlations of the cosmic microwave background offer insights into the universes time evolution the structure of eecs across their angular regimes gives access to the qgp dynamics at distinct length scales by developing the quantum chromodynamics qcd firstprinciples framework for heavyion jets eecs and computing specific eecs sensitive to elusive qgp phenomena this project aims to answer several longstanding questions about the qgp inner dynamics these include quantifying the role of color decoherence unveiling how the qgp modifies the qcd deadcone effect establishing compelling evidence of medium response and determining the length scale at which the description of the qgp in terms of quasiparticles becomes valid as the person who pioneered the application of eecs to heavyion physics and with broad expertise in jet quenching theoretical calculations the pi is in a unique position to achieve these ambitious goals