Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
reducing iron oxides without carbon by using hydrogenplasma

with 18 billion tons produced per year steel is the dominant metallic material it can be recycled by melting scrap a resource satisfying at most 30 of the demand hence fresh steel must be produced in huge amounts from oxide minerals reduced by co in blast furnaces followed by partial removal of c by o2 in converters these two processes create 21 tons co2 per ton of steel qualifying steelmaking as the largest single greenhouse gas emitter on earth 8 of all emissions roc tackles the fundamental science needed to drastically cut these staggering co2 numbers by up to 80 and beyond this is the biggest single leverage we have to fight global warming the disruptive approach of roc lies in 1 using h instead of c as reductant and 2 merging the multiple steps explained above into a single melting plus reduction process which can run with green electricity namely an electric arc furnace operated with a hcontaining reducing plasma rocs approach is feasible as it can be upscaled by modifying existing furnace technology the motivation is that solid fe from other synthesis methods such as direct reduction must anyway be melted after reduction project roc also addresses hybrid processes where partially reduced oxides from direct reduction are fed into a reducing plasma for high energy and h2 efficiency at fast kinetics and high metallization project roc explores the physical and chemical foundations of these processes down to atomistic scales with a blend of instrumented laboratory furnaces characterization simulation and machine learning specific topics are the elementary nucleation transport and transformation mechanisms mixed scrap and ore charging influence of contaminants from feedstock plasma parameters cfree electrodes slag metallurgy and the role of nanostructure drastic reduction of co2 is the biggest challenge of our time and project roc explores how steelmaking can contribute to it by cutting its emissions by 80 and more
theoretical and computational study of polymers fluorescent proteins mixtures for applications in bioleds

in the field of lighting a new technology has recently appeared the bioled which makes use of derivatives of the green fluorescent protein fp as downcoverting materials this provides a cheap green and easy to procure replacement for the currently used rareearthsbased downconverting filters whose sustainability is hindered by the associated costs and their ecological impact despite the encouraging results obtained so far the bioled needs improvements in terms of stability and performances in order to become competitive in the market bios bioled through simulations aims at addressing these issues by studying the fundamental structural and electronic properties of the fpbased filter at realistic working conditions ie high temperature using a theoretical and computational approach this will allow us to characterise the interactions that stabilise the fppolymer matrix mixture thus providing guidelines for the chemical design of components of the downconverting filters to improve thermal stability hybrid approaches that makes use of molecular dynamics molecular mechanics quantum mechanics and analytical models will be employed to first characterise the interactions that stabilise fps in nonphysiological conditions while allowing them to maintain their optical activity and then to study in detail the deactivation paths of the fps with a particular focus on thermal dissipation procceses which currently constitute the main obstacle to the market competitiveness of the bioled technology through bios we will therefore obtain insight in the strategies to adopt to improve the performances of the final device
clonal hematopoesis of indeterminate potential and degenerative aortic valve stenosis

degenerative aortic valve stenosis is the most common acquire heart valve disease and will continue to increase as a result of an aging population there is currently no medical therapy established to halt progression of aortic stenosis and the only definitive treatment is aortic valve replacement either by surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement tavr without valve replacement the 2 year mortality rate approximates 50 once patients are symptomatic although a number of general risk factors have been described for developing calcified aortic valve disease risk prediction for progression of cavd to severe stenosis is still poor we demonstrated that somatic mutations associated with expansion of hematopoietic cells clonal haematopoiesis ch are associated with a poor prognosis of patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing tavr this application aims to address the following major points we will determine 1 how mutations in the most prevalent chdriver gene dnmt3a may directly or indirectly affect the pathophysiological processes leading to aortic valve stenosis and 2 which type of mutation is particularly involved in mediating the poor prognosis 3 we will determine the impact of ch on the reversibility of cardiac fibrosis after successful replacement of the aortic valve and 4 determine the relation of ch with senescence and inflammaging we will use cutting edge single cell and omics technologies to decipher the pathophysiological effects in patient tissues and circulating blood samples and will explore the pathomechanisms induced by dnmt3a chdriver mutation by assessing cellular communication processes in vitrothe discovery of relevant of immune system mediated complexities in the progression of aortic valve stenosis and consequent cardiac fibrosis is expected to identify biomarkers and possible novel therapeutic targets to specifically intervene in patients with a high risk for worse outcome
the royal patronages in a global perspective governance spiritual jurisdiction and resistances in the iberian empires 16221738

the iberian patronages project will be focused on the development of an indepth study of the impact that the creation of the sacred congregation de propaganda fide has had on the regime of the iberian patronages guided by this goal this innovative research will decisively contribute to the strengthening of europe in ri delivering important contributions to the comprehension of four crucial issues that integrate the investigation the intimate and structural relationship between religious dimension and the dynamics of domination control and assimilation of local populations the resistances and transformations imposed by these populations in response to the directions emitted from europe the jurisdictional nature of the policies formulated by the iberian monarchies to defend their royal patronages and the key role played by religion in the configuration of colonial societiesthe research will be anchored in the work developed in historical archives and libraries in portugal spain and italy in a permanent exchange of ideas with the supervisor and the host institution cham centre for the humanities and in an advanced training program designed to enable the researcher to expand her academic networking provide her insertion in a highly qualified scientific circuit and promote the acquisition and improvement of core competencies and skills for a successful international career plan a secondment in the max planck institute for legal history and legal theory will improve the scientific knowledge of this research plan the strong commitment to the open science practices associated with a scientific dissemination plan and plural communication activities were designed to ensure that the research will be able to reach different audiences the scientific community the undergraduate and graduate students teachers and students of the basic education system and the general public
hydrogen offshore production for europe

hydrogen offshore production for europe hope intents to pave the way for the deployment of largescale offshore hydrogen production to this aim hope will design build and operate the first offshore hydrogen production demonstrator of 10mw by 2025 in an offshore test zone near the port of oostende in belgium the twoyears demonstration of a midscale concept on a retrofitted jackup barge will prove the technical and commercial sustainability of renewable offshore hydrogen production export by pipelines and supply to endclients onshore it will also provide an extensive experience to assess the feasibility of 300mw and 500mw offshore concepts the experience gathered by the consortium members and the maturity levels reached at the end of the project will enable the deployment of commercial largescale solutions as soon as 2028hope gathers a unique consortium of european players with cuttingedge expertise across the whole hydrogen value chain an offshore wind power developer a renewable hydrogen producer an electrolyser manufacturer a desalination solutions manufacturer an offshore hydrogen pipes manufacturer a research centre a regional development agency a strategic consultancy and a renewables communication agencyhope will produce a large range of exploitable results including not only detailed designs of replicable offshore hydrogen technologies operational data and resulting analyses from a firstofakind project but also prefeasibility studies and technoeconomic assessments of two largescale concepts through an ambitious dissemination and exploitation plan the consortium intends to accelerate the deployment of largescale offshore hydrogen solutions to contribute to reach the 10 mt of clean hydrogen produced in europe by 2030 to decarbonize the european economy and reach our climate goals
exploring novel drivers of antimicrobial resistance

antibiotic resistance amr is a major public health issue with 5 million deaths in 2019 linked to amr worldwide these numbers are comparable to the toll of the sarscov2 pandemic without new solutions amr is projected to soon become one of the leading causes of death in the eu addressing this challenge requires the development of new effective antibiotics but this alone is not sufficient due to the rapid evolution of bacteria understanding the drivers and mechanisms of amr is vital to delay or reverse resistance in both existing and new antibiotics especially since no new broadspectrum antibiotics have been developed since the 1990s and their development is a lengthy process with high attrition ratesthe endamr doctoral network aims to better equip researchers in europe to understand and develop new strategies to tackle amr wp1 focuses on how amr affects the fitness of pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiome aiming to identify microbiome characteristics that predispose to amr infections and to explore microbiomebased interventions wp2 examines amr acquisition via horizontal gene transfer investigating evolutionary pathways host genetics environmental factors dissemination and amr reservoirs wp3 is dedicated to understanding the frequency mechanisms and clinical implications of antibiotic resistance with a particular focus on the less studied aspects of heteroresistance and tolerance and to developing diagnostic tools and predictive models wp4 explores the combination of antibiotics to enhance treatment outcomes and potentially prevent or reverse amr based on understanding the interplay of resistance mechanismsendamr will also prepare doctoral candidates for various career paths beyond academia including teaching science communication and entrepreneurship candidates will gain transferable skills and learn from industry role models equipping them to make significant contributions to solving the amr crisis
advanced cryptography for the quantum age

project acqua brings together two of the most important trends in modern cryptographic study with the aim of maximizing their combined benefit one is the emergence of quantum computing as a realistic computational model andthe other is the accelerated development of advanced cryptographic tools for the remote processing and control of private dataas we aspire to a world where quantum computing is prevalent it is necessary to prepare the proper cryptographic tools for users to utilize their data in such a world this includes protection against quantum attackers known as postquantum security ways for classical users to securely maintain and process data stored on a remote quantum device and methods to utilize quantum powers to exceed classically achievable capabilities recent developments in quantum cryptographic research gave us a glimpse of the possibilities that such a world holds but they are still few and far between we are still far from understanding even the theoretical possibilities and limitations project acqua is a concentrated effort drawing from the theory of quantum computing and from the theory of cryptography towards establishing advanced cryptography in a quantum world as a viable construct and unleashing its full potentialthe project objectives consist of studying the effect of quantum computing on the foundations of cryptography constructing relevant classical building blocks and developing new quantumcryptographic tools that are needed for an advanced quantumcryptographic future
valuing public goods in a populist world a comparative analysis of network dynamics and societal outcomes

the eu strives to create socioeconomic wealth for its citizens by ensuring fair and equal access to public goods these goods are nonexcludable and nonrivalrous utilities that benefit society countries are the primary providers of these goods but private firms ngos politicians and the media also play a role a central challenge is to govern the creation and fair distribution of public goods as actors interact and collaborate in their creation institutions ensure fair and equal access to public goods as purely marketbased supply would result in misallocations the rule of law corrects such misallocation by stipulating subsidies taxes regulations or monopolies for certain public goods however populism has gained momentum globally challenging democracy and the rule of law it involves gaining and maintaining power by targeting formal and informal institutions including the rule of law populist politics typically create an ingroup and an outgroup interfering in creating and distributing public goods this creates countervailing pressures between the rule of law and populism affecting the distribution of public goods we study how the rule of law and populism impact the creation and distribution of public goods by societal actors our analysis takes a network perspective and considers actors interactions collaborations and potential collusions for a multidimensional view of socioeconomic outcomes we investigate how the structure of these networks and their degree of populism a construct we define as networked populism affect the contribution of societal actors to socioeconomic outcomes in summary our study analyses how the rule of law and populism impact the creation and distribution of public goods by societal actors
unveiling diurnal cycles in the martian climate

the climate system of mars shares similar fundamental properties and also substantial difference with the earths system due to its small thickness with a surface pressure 06 that of the earth the martian atmosphere has significant and dramatic diurnal cycles driven by solar forcing atmospheric tides clouds and dust are coupled and they dominate the daily climate on mars however the diurnal cycles in the martian atmosphere are poorly understood due to the lack of data yet the partial observations previously obtained could not be well reproduced by atmospheric models here i propose a comprehensive investigation of the diurnal cycles on mars using recently obtained observations and stateoftheart numerical simulations i will work with dr francois forget at laboratoire de meteorologie dynamique lmd taking advantages of the mars general circulation model gcm developed and maintained in the host lab and making the most collaborations with the science teams of two atmospheric sounders onboard mars orbiters tgo acstirvim and emmemirs recent observations of the martian atmosphere obtained by these two infrared spectrometers enable such diurnal cycle investigation for the first time thanks to their unprecedented spacecraft orbits by combining the new data and the updated gcm i will unveil and characterize the diurnal cycles in the martian atmosphere and understand the mechanisms in this coupled climate system the results will have great scientific significance in understanding the climate of mars and have implications for future mars mission planning the proposal demonstrates the transfer of knowledge to the host institution lmd the training of the candidate in research of martian atmosphere and project management and specific plans for dissemination and communication of the results the project puts the candidate and host institution in good position to participate in future mars missions and reinforces the role of eu in mars exploration
the journey matters pathway complexity in polyplex formation

a vast number of pathologies have a genetic origin yet using gene therapy to directly intervene at the genetic root remains a rarity within todays pharmaceutical arsenal the main hurdles in promoting gene therapy from the lab to the clinic are the complex delivery pathways and biological instability of the therapeutic nucleic acids polyplexes nanoscale coacervates of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers hold the prospect of being highly tunable scalable and robust transport vehicles and as such a key enabler for gene therapydespite years of active research however polyplexes have yet to fulfil their claimed potential our understanding of polyplex formation and the followed assembly pathways are presently insufficient for the rational design of efficient and selective gene delivery vehicles prototypical polyplex formation routes are illdefined yielding a broad spectrum of unequilibrated structures the effect of this structural polydispersity on gene delivery and transfection efficiency is unknown critically hampering the potency of polyplexesthe aim of polypath is to develop polyplex fabrication routes via controllable and predictable assembly pathways these routes rely on the in situ growth of the encapsulating polymers in the presence of the nucleic acids and yield temporal ondemand control of the attractive interactions that drive polyplex formation with this synthetic control we will create a systematic predictable library of structurally welldefined polyplexes the assembly processes will be elucidated with stateoftheart timeresolved xray scattering and spectrallyresolved nmr relaxometry and diffusometry to bridge the knowledge gap between polyplex structure and function we will use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to directly measure polyplex stability and fate in cellular environments ultimately polypath will provide mechanistic insights that can finally bring functional polyplexes towards the clinic
fighting addictions improving lives comprehensive drug rehabilitation with music

objectives and ambition substance use disorder sud is associated with a high global burden of disease with 54 of all disabilityadjusted life years lost due to alcohol and illicit drugs highly prevalent multimorbidity includes polysubstance use mental health conditions and other noncommunicable and infectious diseases where traditional treatments are insufficient alone music therapy mt is highly engaging and improves motivation and craving but its longterm effects are unknownmethodology in a diverse group of people with sud across a wide range of age gender socioeconomic and cultural background a parallel 3arm assessorblinded pragmatic multinational randomised clinical trial with embedded exploratory trials and mechanistic studies will determine longterm effects of active music groups amg and music listening groups mlg versus treatment as usual tau on addiction severity primary 1 year recovery and other health and socioeconomic outcomes embedded trials will examine shortterm effects of individual components of tau combined with amg or mlg to determine the best combinations of interventions experimental studies will examine mechanisms using neuropsychological tests and brain imaging with 600 participants in 7 countries randomised the trial has 80 power on the primary outcome patient representatives hta bodies and interventionists have been involved from conception and will ensure feasibility and applicability across europeimpact falco will reduce disease burden through innovative effective and affordable treatment and will strengthen research and innovation expertise recommendations from falco will inform intervention delivery across europe and beyond leading to increased safety effectiveness and costeffectiveness and improved quality of life for people with sud stakeholders will be involved in communicating findings in all european countries and regions and ensuring that findings are effectively implemented
ageing care and the climate crisis in villages on the spainportugal border

climagecare explores ageing social care and older peoples care experiences in the context of the climate crisis in villages on the spainportugal border the border and rural areas of spain and portugal share environmental and social conditions that impact the care of older people because depopulation processes and the lack of care policies in social and health programmes are causing a care crisis and the current climate crisis is increasing the number of forest fires and the temperatures in these border areas which mainly affect the ageing population this project adopts a critical and reflexive approach to understand how ageing care is delivered in these rural border areas in a context of climate crisis it analyses 1 ageing social care in relation of the primary health system community and families in the context of climate crisis events such as forest fires and increased temperatures and 2 the daily care experiences of older people in the context of climate crisis events and their cultural construction of care and selfcare based on their relationship with local care actors and the nonhuman environment the design of climagecare is grounded in empirical and interdisciplinary research crosscutting the fields of care studies environmental studies and medical anthropology to understand the dynamics of the relationships between ageing care and the climate crisis the project will use qualitative research methods and a cocreation approach in two villages on the central spainportugal border to answer the research questions