Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
the impossible and the imaginable latemedieval semantics of impossibility and the roots of complex mathematics

a popular view in the history of philosophy and science holds that we only conceive what is in some sense possible and cannot truly understand anything intrinsically contradictory the chimera is the paradigmatic example of such an inconceivable absolute impossibility in medieval logic chimera is a necessarily empty term lacking signification and reference analogously premodern mathematics dismisses the square root of a negative number as the impossible result of an impossible operation ie something as nonsensical as the chimerayet by the 16th century complex numbersie those numbers having an imaginary part i the numerical value of root1start being used and problematised somewhere down the line these impossible numbers had become conceivable and manipulable how and why did this shift happeni2 seeks the answer in the late medieval semantics of necessarily empty terms in the 14th century marsilius of inghen ca134196 makes terms like chimera properly signifying understandable and referential in his semantics marsilius account of imaginable absolute impossibilities is widely influential in the 15th and 16th centuries girolamo cardanocredited with the philosophical problematisation of complex numbersseems at least partly aware of this marsilian traditionmarsilius semantics of imaginable impossibilities its later reception and its possible influence on cardano have not yet been explored this is what i2 is set to do for the first time through a keyconcept analysis and the applications of the method of historical and rational reconstruction to a rich textual corpus i2 will produce a groundbreaking account of the rise of complex mathematics in relation to the medieval semantics of impossibility and imaginabilitybased at radbouds center for the history of philosophy and science and advised by an international board of scholars i2 will deliver highimpact outputs in top journals two books and knowledge dissemination results
versatile and direct efuel and fertiliser generation from renewable electricity

the verge project will develop a disruptive distributed renewable energy technology that will directly utilise intermittent renewable energy to produce liquid ammonia from air and water synthesising ammonia with renewable energy can both replace the current fertiliser production and facilitate the emerging efuel market by providing an energy carrier eg for maritime current greenhouse gas ghg emissions from ammonia fertiliser production and maritime fuel consumption constitute about 1 and 3 of total ghg emissions respectively avoiding these emissions would contribute towards the transition to a netzero ghg emissions in the eu economy by 2050 starting at trl2 with realistic goals to reach trl4 by the end of the project the verge technology will a optimise the electrolytic system for nitrogen reduction and demonstrate ammonia synthesis through an interlaboratory study with the realistic measurable goals of a reaction rate 1109 molscm2 current efficiency of 50 and at least 300 h stable operations b design the process for optimised operations with intermittent energy sources to produce liquid ammonia the verge project will create knowledge and scientific proof of its technical feasibility as well as lay the basis for economical sociological and environmental optimisation of the process frequent communication with stakeholders allows the verge project to develop a clear vision towards optimisation scaleup and market entry as well as further enhancing the eu innovation base in the field of electrochemical processes the verge project will be carried out by a consortium from five european countries composed of two universities a tech transfer institute two large companies a lca consultancy and last but not least an sme for future scaleup and exploitation each consortium member has demonstrated excellence in its fields with high impact publications exceptional customer service and a history of international project participation
reframing nonmetropolitan left behind places through mobility and alternative development

peripheral nonmetropolitan areas are the subject of narratives with different degrees of pessimism the pessimistic view relates to the hotspots of discontent that have arisen across europe and the optimistic view to revitalized visions of small cities and rural localities as offering a higher quality of life in pandemic times than the metropolitan centres both views point to the complexity in deciphering the role spatial mobilities play in the future of peripheral places traditionally victims of outward migration and a lack of investment in economic and social infrastructure replace will study the dual function of places as areas of origin and destination focusing on heterogeneous forms of dwelling enmeshed in place the overall objective is to mobilize participative research in nonmetropolitan leftbehind areas lbas to examine the impact that spatial immobility has on origin and destination areas and how it can be harnessed to improve local alternative development cooperative building of human capital wellbeing and sustainability across contexts it will reach this through five specific objectives i to develop empirical tools namely a typology and an online representative population survey to advance complex understandings of development pathways and mobility ii to scale down to 12 areas in 6 countries to examine the immobility drivers and movement to and from different types of lbas assessing ensuing spatial economic social and cultural transformations iii to qualitatively examine perceptions and livelihood practices of immobile residents across life domains to understand micro strategies of dealing with peripherality iv to cocreate placebased policies to enhance mobility benefits and alternative local development through village living labs and the development of a policy toolbox and v using coproduction and visual methodologies to reframe existing narratives on lbas to reinforce a sense of place for residents and newcomers
multiferroic oxide 2degs for reconfigurable nonvolatile memory nanodevices modern

the main idea of modern project is the realization of novel ferroelectric fe and multiferroic oxide twodimensional electron gases 2degs characterized by a metalinsulating transition as function of the fepolarization direction by locally switchingon and off the 2deg using a scanning probe devices with arbitrary nanoscale geometry will be demonstrated and sketched in a nonvolatile manner to realize prototype fe field effect transistors fet spinfet and spincharge conversion circuits for the generation and detection of spincurrents all operating at ultralow power energy density to achieve the objective two heterostructures platforms will be studied and realized 1 k05na05nbo3 knnktao3 2deg where knn is a wellknown leadfree fe layer and ktao3 is an oxide characterized by a large soc up to 04 ev that develops an interfacial 2deg here knn can both act as felayer with large polarization up to 30 ccm2 and as interfacial donor of carriers by nbdoping of the interface2 deltadoped laosrvo3 down to 2 unit cells ucssrtio3 here two ucs of vo2terminated srvo3 have been theoretically predicted to become a 2d multiferroic with in plane fe order and an antiferromagnetic magnetic order
radical and radicalpolar crossover logic in terpenoid synthesis

the synthesis of complex natural products has shaped the field of organic chemistry with translational applications spreading further into medicinal agrochemical and material sciences as the largest class of natural products terpenoids play a variety of roles in mediating antagonistic and beneficial interactions macroscopically ie among organisms and microscopically ie on a subcellular level they defend many species of plants animals and microorganisms against predators pathogens and competitors and they are involved in conveying messages within these organismsfacilitating and streamlining the access to the most complex terpenoids heavily rearranged and highly oxidized triterpenoids requires an understanding of natures ways to biosynthesize these structures ie of their biogenesis biomimetic synthesis can only then provide routes which outrival classical retrosynthetic planning in the absence of a plausible biogenesis proposal this strategy is not accessible thoughso far biogenesis proposals have in lieu of validated intermediates and enzymes followed the paradigm of polar mechanisms and evoked standard textbook reactions involving ionic intermediates to account for skeletal rearrangementsthe aim of this project is to disprove this paradigm and cross this perceived limit of reactivitythus we will here provide chemical proof that terpenoid biogenesis is not sufficiently explained by polar mechanisms but rather is an intricate interplay of radical and polar reactivity the border we attempt to cross is the one between two very different chemical entities radicals and ionsdevelopment of radicalpolar crossover logic will evolve robust and selective routes to access drugable triterpenoid natural products modulating the immune system targeting cancer and combating pathogens added value comes from the involvement of modern photoredox catalysis strategies to initiate radicalpolar crossover cascades in sustainable fashion
new sustainable safe steel for automotive components

in the current climate emergency and energy crisis the need to reduce energy and raw material consumption is undoubtedly imperative in the context of a more environmentally and resourceconscious societybearing in mind that steel is the most produced metallic material in the world 1900 million tonnes per year it is not surprising that a large number of scientific and technological resources are devoted to simplifying its compositions improving its properties and optimizing the necessary processing in line with this in this proposal new sustainable steel for automotive components nes3acom we have found a niche of study and development in which we intend to develop a new steel belonging to the medium manganese steels mms family which can be used to manufacture two security components for the automotive industry one for antiintrusion and the other for energy absorption by means of two types of specific processing more energy efficient than those currently used while in the case of antiintrusion a homogeneity in the chemical composition of the different microstructural phases is pursued in the case of energy absorbing the heterogeneity of these compositions will be exploited which is a product of the steel manufacturing process and therefore innate to itin the framework of the nes3acom project during the design process of this alloy a plethora of processing parameters solidstate phase transformation theories of steels microstructureprocessing relationships propertiesmicrostructure etc will have to be combined and taken into account in order to obtain after processing the steel the optimum microstructures whose properties equal or improve those required for the two applications at a lower environmental cost than at present
hybrid endoscope for esophageal in vivo histology and histochemistry

esohisto proposes a radically new scientific concept to revolutionize disease research diagnosis and treatment by realtime imaging of 3d organization of diseased cells cellcell and cellmatrix interactions and their biochemical events in large living human tissueorgans this transformative vision of in vivo histology and histochemistry is not yet feasible for most human organs however gi mucosa the shallow lining of gi tract where many gi cancer originates is a unique tissue to implement the ambitious vision of esohisto by developing disruptive endosocpic technologies to provide a longawaited solution to the insufficient diagnosis and early detection of gi cancers the landscape changing ability of esohisto is attributed to its key invention of a volumetricprojection confocal laser endomicroscopy vpcle and a multimodal approach to complement vpcle with advanced imaging methods including optical coherence tomography oct and optoacoustic mesoscopy opam the novel volumetric projection method allows vpcle to provide 3d cellular features and molecular profiles at high speed and without any mechanic parts in the distal endoscope oct and opam delivers 3d morphology and pathophysiology of gi mucosa with an imaging depth far exceeding microscopy the combination of vpcle oct and opam in a miniaturized endoscope heralds a paradigmshifting gi cancer diagnosis scheme by replacing insensitive white light endoscopy and biopsy with comprehensive 3d octopam inspection to identify subtle lesions and following zoomin cellularmolecular vision through vpcle to complete in vivo diagnosis with its prospect of unprecedented in vivo histology and histochemistry for gi cancer diagnosis and early detection esohisto is able to leverage european investment and knowhow and strengthen eu citizens wellbeing and economic growth by leading the market position in future gi endoscopic imaging
methane management using methanotrophic bacteria

the proposed project consists in commercialisation of a biotechnology based on methanotrophic bacteria allowing for turning waste methane into high grade ecological products the general objectives of the proposed work are support for the commercialisation of longterm research by prof zofia stpniewska over methanotrophic bacteria validation of technology and business model company organisation and preparation of its financing path certain cultures of methanotrophic bacteria were examined as part of research conducted at the department of biochemistry and environmental chemistry of the catholic university of lublin they can absorb methane produced among others in coal lignite copper and other minerals mines in the transport of natural gas as well as in animal husbandry in landfills in industrial processes and elsewhere this will reduce the risks associated with the explosion of methane and reduce its emissions to the atmosphere and therefore lower the climatic load because methane is a greenhouse gas with a greenhouse coefficient approximately 25 times higher than co2 in 25 years the project is thus consistent with the eu methane strategy which envisages a series of measures to reduce methane emissions the use of biofilters based on methanotrophic bacteria would reduce the negative impact of methane emissions to the environment and would also allow to obtain valuable raw materials obtained from the produced bacterial biomass eg polyhydroxybutyrate phb a biodegradable plastic ectoine or carbohydrates for the production of animal feedthe essence of the product is the proper selection of bm bacteria cultures and determination of the optimal environment and parameters of their life it was the subject of many scientific works conducted by the founder microbic sp z oo prof zofia stpniewska during the last 20 years these bacteria are ready for multiplication and colonisation of biofilters
multifuel sofc system with maritime energy vectors

shipping is responsible for the emission of about 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide co2 and about 25 of global greenhouse gas ghg emissions worldwide the drastic reduction of ghg emissions from ships has been set as one of the urgent targets to achieve the eu green deal objectives as a result the maritime industry which is a hardtodecarbonize sector is actively seeking for alternate solutionstechnology which can make it more climate friendly but at the same time does not compromise on the current performance levels leveraging novel concepts as well as assets from former projects and initiatives the project fuelsome focuses on establishing the technological feasibility of a flexible scalable and multifuel capable energy generation system based on solid oxide fuel cells sofc technology specially catered for longdistance maritime shipping this system will be able to operate on ammonia methanol and hydrogen and their mixtures for which short and longterm sustainable supply pathways will be explored finally on a broader level an indepth and detailed investigation on the environmental social and economic benefits of developing such a system for the european industry the maritime sector and the citizens will be carried out the future roadmap of the project is that the outcomes generated will not only benefit the maritime industry but can also serve as a blueprintlaunchpad for implementing the same technology in other hard to abate emission sectors andor thereby enabling multifuel energy generators to become the norm in the future the consortium comprises 8 partners 7 partners from 6 european member states and 1 partner from a nonassociated third country switzerland the fuelsome consortium unites the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge expertise skills and resources to constitute a representative value chain of actors which together can achieve the projects ambitious objectives
quantum technology with a spinphoton architecture for thousandqubit chipsets at telecom wavelengths

scalability is one of the core challenges of presentday quantum technology while many promising demonstrations have been performed at the level of tens of qubits a vast leap will be required to create systems with the many thousands of physical qubits with the outstanding quality needed for the achievement of quantum computational advantage and highbandwidth quantum communication spin centres in silicon carbide are an emerging platform for quantum information and communication some of these systems have long spin lifetimes and strong optical transitions in the near infrared optical spectrum this optical band is advantageous for strong photonic enhancement and for interfacing with lowloss waveguide and fiber networks these defects possess electronic spins for photonic links and nuclear spins for quantum information storage the multilevel systems furthermore offer a platform for novel resourceefficient quantum information methods based on highdimensional encoding silicon carbide is a highly developed material platform offering extremely high purity transparency and compatibility with eminently scalable semiconductor processing methods in qusparc we will develop and demonstrate waferscale processes to create thousands of nearidentical qubit sites with spin control on a sic wafer and with optical enhancement interfaces using optical microresonators of extremely high quality we will determine optimized methods for the control and readout of selected spin centres in sic towards faulttolerant implementations based on these insights we will demonstrate highfidelity spin initialization spin measurement spinphoton entanglement and connectivity between sites on these microchips qusparc will thereby achieve a disruptive step change in the development of scalable quantum information devices leading the race towards the creation of millionqubit systems for highperformance quantum technology
photo stability of icebound complex organic molecules

the universality of life ie the likelihood that life can form in extraterrestrial environments hinges upon the availability of certain molecular building blocks whether the biomolecules of which we are made form before or after planet formation is an open question in astrochemistry answering this question requires an understanding of the life cycle of biomolecular precursors bps in various circum and interstellar environments numerous complex organic molecules coms with biological significance have been identified in star and planetforming regions through astronomical observations motivating laboratory studies aiming to uncover the mechanisms by which prebiotic molecules are born during the early stages of planetary evolution however formation of bps can only partially answer questions regarding the likelihood of life evolving elsewhere in the universe it is also critical to understand the stability of such species in the harsh environment of the interstellar medium ismwhether small bps would have sufficient lifetimes in the ism to eventually coalesce into larger coms is the central question of this research proposal which concerns the photostability of icebound complex organic molecules psicom laboratory experiments on interstellar ice analogues containing selected bps will be performed using a fully operational and highlyspecialized ultrahigh vacuum apparatus ices will be bombarded with ultraviolet radiation characteristic of that produced in dense interstellar clouds as well as in the diffuse ism and the chemical evolution will be tracked to yield kinetic and mechanistic information useful to astronomical models of star and planet formation the results will be compared with or used to steer observational studies such as the james webb space telescope
personalised medicine by using an advanced pointofcare tool for stratified treatment in high risk cardiovascular patients poccardio

cardiovascular diseases cvds are the leading cause of death worldwide besides established risk factors such as elevated blood pressure blood glucose or lipid levels circulating proteomic as well as genetic markers allow further stratification of patients while some of these markers can be measured routinely in lowthreshold healthcare institutions others require access to highly specialized and costly laboratory environment which usually can be found only within larger tertiary settings the aim of this project is to advance and tailor a pointofcare poc tool which was recently developed within the framework of horizon 2020 using cuttingedge labonachip loc and microfluidic technology the tool will be further developed to measure qualified biomarkers and polymorphisms from finger prick blood in order to help identify classify and monitor cardiovascular patients at high risk the clinical validation of these biomarkers and the poc tool will then be performed in a prospective randomised multinational trial which will include only existing and approved pharmaceuticals based on their specific pattern of qualified biomarkers patients will be assigned either to standard pharmacological treatment or tailored intensified treatment data derived from the clinical validation study will constitute a rich source for complex aipowered computational analysis to explore potential predictors for primary and secondary outcome parameters the trial will further provide the scientific foundation to support regulatory authorities in regard to approval of companion diagnostics and recommendations for the prescription of drugs respectively overall this project aims to improve care and treatment efficacy in cvd patients through an advanced biomarkerdriven pocbased personalised medicine to achieve these aims a wellbalanced consortium of five academic research partners and two smes has been brought together