Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
islamic endowments waqf and state formation in the ottoman empire 14501650

this project investigates how pious endowments shaped statebuilding in the ottoman empire between 1450 and 1650 pious endowments waqf singular were trusts of property devoted to charitable activities that constituted the most widespread and powerful social institutions within the empire and across islamic societies yet their significance for state formation has been overlooked previous scholarship in the field focuses on the development of institutions directed by ottoman sultans to produce models of the state that emphasize unfettered sultanic authority this project overturns that view by focusing on how social institutions in the form of pious endowments limited enhanced and shaped the character of the ottoman state the approach will radically reshape our understanding of the ottoman empire by demonstrating how a diverse range of social actors from across the empire created the early modern ottoman state in doing so ottowaqf will fundamentally reconceive our understanding of how empire worked outside europe to do this ottowaqf will scrutinize a large body of legal and accounting records related to endowments to produce a comprehensive survey of their management administration and interaction with the state across southeastern europe anatolia and the arab provinces of the empire ottowaqf will produce a database with a web portal offering comprehensive coverage of these endowments including key metadata on their functioning over two centuries in addition the project team will complete an edited volume one doctoral dissertation five journal articles and three monographs culminating in a new synthesis that explains statebuilding in the ottoman empire ottowaqf will offer a pathbreaking approach to imperial state formation outside europe that will open up new frontiers in the study of comparative empire and socioeconomic and legal history
coastal climate resilience and marine restoration tools for the arctic atlantic basin

the climarest project coastal climate resilience and marine restoration tools for the arctic atlantic basin integrates multiple expertise into a holistic approach to develop a toolbox designed to establish guidelines for ecosystem restoration and to enhance climate resilience in coastal communities the concept is to develop test and optimise a modular toolbox that integrates expert knowledge scientific information multilevel stakeholder and community involvement ecosystem service improvement analysis costbenefit analysis priority of actions and custom designed protocols for restoring and monitoring multiple coastal habitats the toolbox framework will have common and specific tools that will be tested optimised and demonstrated in five different ecosystems across a latitudinal gradient of the arcticatlantic basin ranging from the higharctic svalbard 79 n in the north to the madeira archipelago 33 n in the south the variety of environmental conditions and restoration needs of the five demonstration sites will provide different restoration scenarios with particular specificities in terms of biodiversity pressures and threats ecosystems services and stakeholders the diversity in restoration scenarios will create a unique opportunity to develop a modular toolbox that integrates common tools with tools that are specific for each restoration scenario into a collective framework ecosystemspecific innovations in naturebased solutions for habitat restoration that improve local climate resilience will also be developed tested and integrated into a general toolbox framework establishing guidelines and innovative workflows the toolbox and tools developed in each demonstration site for different restoration scenarios will be made available and tested for replication and upscaling in comparable ecosystems and similar communities with particular emphasis in promoting stakeholder involvement
fiction literature indigenous storytelling and history

this project explores the unique potential of historical fiction as a transformative method to create counterrepresentations ofindigenous peoples in brazil where they are often seen as inferior and savage because of their close connection to nature thesestereotypes spread by european colonisers through literature and historiography have become ingrained in collective sensibilitiesand are currently used to justify racism against indigenous peoples the illegal occupation of their lands and the deforestation of theamazon rainforest historiography has criticised these views but due to its dominant epistemology which relies firmly on writtenrecords the field does not usually go beyond deconstructive ambitions indigenous ethnic groups on the other hand tend to pass ontheir histories orally so their ecocultures and resistance to colonialism fall outside the lens of prevalent epistemology the centralresearch question of this project ishow can historical fiction help us explore pluralistic views of the indigenous pasts and open up new visions for a sustainable anddiverse futureanswering this question calls for innovative and interdisciplinary methods to achieve three goals 1 to understand how brazilianwriters have used historiography and fiction to represent indigenous peoples in historical novels 2 to identify how theepistemology of historiography constrains or even silences the writing of indigenous historical fiction 3 to develop a method ofcollective writing with indigenous authors that allows us to cocreate representations of their pasts and ecocultures the projectdraws on decolonial studies theory of history and literary theory and combines methods of discourse and intertextual analysisqualitative interviews and collaborative writing with indigenous writers from brazil the proposal moves from deconstruction toreconstruction in a context of growing appeal for a sustainable multicultural and decolonised world
neuromorphic computing enabled by heavily doped semiconductor optics

neho will develop a novel photonic integrated circuit platform that enables ultrafast and lowenergy consumption neuromorphic information processes by means of a newly developed nonlinear photonplasmon semiconductor technology at midinfrared wavelengths 812 m neho vision will be achieved by unconventional use of semiconductors to optimize and control plasmonic effects that will provide the optical nonlinearity required to implement the functionalities of an artificial neuron nehos optical neuron will be the building block for the realization of ultrafast optical neural networks we will combine the flexibility of fieldeffect devices realized on semiconductors with the nanoscale nature of plasmonic processes so to enable the reconfigurability of the nonlinear optical coefficient at each node of the network simply obtained by controlling dc electric potential levels at the heart of neho is the idea of exploiting the rich electron dynamics of semiconductors doped semiconductors undergo an interesting transition from the sizequantization regime to the classical regime of plasmon oscillations this transition region can exhibit strong nonlocal and nonlinear optical response due to a large variety of electronelectron interactions the decrease in electron density induced on the semiconductor surface by an external bias can be used to modulate the nonlinear response strength this unprecedented feature will be used to leverage the hardware implementation of a neural network into the development of new machine learning optimization techniques including the optimization of the nonlinear activation function to different tasks this extra degree of freedom will offer tremendous benefits for a large variety of machine learning applications
fisa 2025 euradwaste25 conferences on euratom fission research and training

the fisaeuradwaste event is a highlevel research policy conference on the outcomes and perspectives of the euratom research and training programme this 11th edition of the conference will be held in warsaw poland in may 2025 under the auspices of the polish presidency of the council of the eu the organisers of this conference are the national centre for nuclear research ncbj the most important polish research centre in the nuclear energy field and the european commission dgrtd fisa25 and euradwaste 25 conference objectives are to present progress and key achievements of the latest projects carried out since 2022 as part of the euratom programmes to stimulate discussions on the state of play of rd key challenges addressed at national european and international levels on research and innovation policies synergies and partnerships benefitting research and innovation programmes and future perspectives expected impacts thanks to an ambitious communication and dissemination action plan are increasing visibility of the euratom research and training programme increasing awareness of nuclear research achievements networking eu stakeholders bringing new research project ideas and collaboration between different stakeholders orienting research development and innovation orientations at the eu level increasing the visibility of national research potential and participation in the euratom framework programme
modern aubased surfaces and secondary ionisation for mass spectrometry imaging of small molecules

matrixassisted laser desorptionionisation maldi mass spectrometry imaging msi is increasingly used for clinical application based on untargeted spatial chemical information tissue samples can be analysed with superior density of information compared to conventional histology techniques however maldi suffers from several significant limitations like strong ion suppression effects inherently low ion yields limited to a few classes of polar to midpolar analytes and impeded detection of lowweight compounds this crucially hampers a comprehensive analysis of complex biological samples strategies for post ionisation pi most prominently maldi2 significantly increase the ion yields for numerous midpolar and polar compounds surfaceassisted ldi saldi uses photoactive surfaces which feature specific ablation and ionisation that can majorly extend the range of detectable compounds and can be prepared in a superiorly homogeneous manner for saldimsithe proposed study aims to develop a novel means for extensive metabolome and lipidome analysis by saldipimsi to overcome limitations of maldi therefore a new pi strategy coined singlephoton induced chemical ionisation spici will be combined with functionalised au layers for comprehensive tissue characterisation of an extended polarity range with high mass resolution the versatile software package rmsi will provides the computational means for the analysis of the complex measured data sets we will apply our approach to human samples of bladder cancer tumour and achieve detailed monitoring of physiological processes in the cancerous tissue in unpreceded analytical depth newly identified biomarkers will help the urgent need for prognostic and diagnostic means for cancer this comprehensive approach can be a massive generator of hypotheses for disease characterisation and foster the implementation of msi into further fields of medical research and help to mature msi in a multidisciplinary fashion
blackness imagery in the construction of european identityies the case of the czech lands in a transnational perspective

this project conceives selfafricanisation as a rhetorical strategy of symbolic exclusion of the other despite being european from europe by either the voluntary assumption or the imposed ascription of a surrogate identity starting from the hypothesis that the cultural artistic and scientific output of a noncolonial nation can also be considered as a form of colonial discourse this project seeks to examine blackness imagery in czechgerman and czechfrench cultural relations and transfers focusing on the long nineteenth century extended until the early 1930s the research spans five interconnected axes 1 the scientific constructions of black and mixedrace alterity in the czech lands 2 translating literature with colonial topics for the czech lands 3 black and mixedrace representations in czech literature 4 black are the others the ascription of surrogate identity in german and french literature and 5 the instrumentalization of blackness imagery in culturalpolitical struggles drawing on the methodology of literary history comparative literature and translation studies the project will analyse translations of french literature and academic literary and mediatic discourses in the czech lands and mutual representations of czechs and germans as black the interdisciplinary approach which includes postcolonial studies discourse analysis comparative historical linguistics and insights of anthropology will shed light on the mixophobic framework of racial naming notably in its gendered and intersectional dimensions the transnational scope of this topical project the commitment to open science practices as well as the hosting arrangements aimed at developing a diversified research profile including transferable skills in communication management and digital humanities will significantly promote the career prospects of the researcher as well as strengthen the profile of the host institution
pulsed laser deposition technology for solid state battery manufacturing supported by digitalization

europes objective to have 30 million electric vehicles evs by 2030 can only be achieved by large scale inhouse production of highly effective and performant batteries development of solidstate battery technologies could improve the energy density and safety of lithium metal solid state batteries pulselion project aims to develop the manufacturing process of gen 4b solidstate batteries ssbs based on lithiummetal anode sulfide solid electrolytes and nickelrich nmc cathode novel pulsed laser deposition technique developed by pulsedeon will be adapted and modified into a singlestep vacuum process for safe and efficient manufacturing of anode components composed of lithium metal protective layers and sulfide based solid electrolytes the cathode layer will be made based on conventional wet processing techniques initially the anode and cathode layers will be developed in small scale for making coin cells and monolayer cells for optimising the materials and process ssb cells will be developed with optimised process routes and will be upscaled to a pilot line proofofconcept trl 6 by manufacturing large scale solidstate batteries 10 ah digitalisation will be incorporated in the process modelling task with the inputs obtained from process upscaling and cell testing tasks which will enable efficient process optimisation
next generation versatile and effective aavmediated large gene delivery

despite 6 products on the market and dozens in advanced phases of clinical development in vivo gene therapy with vectors derived from adenoassociated viruses aav still faces the major challenge of the limited vector cargo capacity 5kb this prevents aav application for treatment of inherited diseases caused by mutations in large genes to address this we have recently developed an aavbased strategy relying on the use of short protein elements called inteins these when fused at the extremities of fragments of a large protein delivered to cells through aav can mediate joining of the fragments in a traceless manner resulting in the reconstitution of the intact target protein however despite being extensively utilized as biotechnological tools in vitro the in vivo application of inteins for therapeutic purposes comes with several limitations these include insufficient levels of fulllength protein reconstitution for some applications complex design and production of undesired potentially harmful byproducts nextgenetx aims to expand the potential of aavinteins as an innovative in vivo biotechnological tool for therapeutic purposes by addressing each of these limitations to achieve this we will leverage cuttingedge technologies to i engineer inteins with improved efficiency and greater design flexibility ii modulate intracellular trafficking of inteincontaining protein fragments to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of fulllength protein reconstitution iii develop strategies to reduce the production of unwanted byproducts we will test the therapeutic relevance of evolved aavinteins in both gene therapy and genome editing applications using human retinal organoids and animal models of retinal diseases the outcomes of nextgenetx will define a highly adaptable safe and effective nextgeneration aavbased approach to deliver large genes thus significantly expanding the patient population that can benefit from in vivo gene therapy
human dimensions of biodiversity conservation wildlife trade covid19 and geopolitics

the catastrophic global decline of biodiversity is one of the most pressing problems facing humanity effective conservation solutions must be informed by evidence conservation policy and practice historically relied solely on the natural sciences for guidance but there is increasing recognition that considering the human dimensions of conservation is vital these are complex and span diverse fields of classic and applied social sciences and are particularly pertinent for problems which are inherently the result of human decisions and actions such as wildlife tradewildlife trade is a major driver of biodiversity loss and a pathway for zoonotic disease transmission illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade is a significant threat placing 12000 terrestrial vertebrate species ca one quarter of the total at risk of extinction furthermore the rising frequency of zoonotic epidemics and pandemics including covid19 has highlighted the devastating human health consequences of wildlife consumption shifting global power structures and geopolitics add to the complexity of the challenges faced improved wildlife trade governance and environmental governance in biodiversityrich areas is needed to manage zoonotic disease risks and implement integrated preventative approaches like one health how can wildlife trade governance address the challenges of our geopolitically polarized postpandemic worldin the humanconservation project i will pursue three research objectives on the human dimensions of wildlife trade building on my expertise on the human dimensions of wildlife trade my ability to lead interdisciplinary collaborations and prof di marcos strengths in comparative species modelling and in using integrated approaches to connect conservation solutions to broader societal goals like human health the humanconservation project will inform wildlife trade policy help combat wildlife trafficking and define frontiers in conservation geopolitics
computational analysis of semantic change across different environments

this network aims to train earlystage researchers to develop and apply innovative methodologies for computational analysis of semantic change across different environments cascade ie to identify analyse and interrogate how meaning is expressed in language in diverse contexts with a shared focus on the impact of time diachronic text analyticscascade responds to a skills deficit within the academic public and commercial sectors the need for people able to retrieve critically evaluate and make better use of the large volumes of textual data that characterise our contemporary information society the data deluge the consortium is a collaboration of some of europes worldleading universities and companies from the united kingdom belgium finland ireland and germanythe overall training approach will consist of beneficiaries matching up to host and support 10 individual research projects in addition to 10 secondments and reinforced by a programme of networkwide training camps and research conventions the key deliverables from each research project in addition to the anticipated doctoral theses for esrs 1 to 10 will include 12 coauthored articles for experts wikipedia articles for a general audience and new software and algorithmsthe networks unique selling point for potential researchers is its emphasis on computational linguistics and humanities scholarship as skills that bring value and competitive edge to organisations concerned with semanticallyaware information retrieval these organisations might be academic or commercial involved in early stage rd methods development or early adoption of new methods methods application
conflicts over conspiracy theories

in recent years conspiracy theories have become an important issue not only to the people who propagate them but also to those who fear their consequences and design initiatives to push back against the posttruth era perceived as a major threat to liberal democracies they are increasingly subjected to stateled interventions also many ngos are now dedicated to preventing and combating conspiracy theories clearly conspiracy theories have become a highly polarizing topic the objective of conspirations is to analyse this growing tension over conspiracy theories in europe the project proposes an innovative approach which moves beyond an exclusive focus on truthers to examine the perspective of truth defenders as well this project will analyse conspiracy theory not as a standalone phenomenon but instead as an outcome of the complicated relationship linking stakeholders who are both separated and connected by the conspiratorial divide by expanding the scope of study from conspiracy theories to conflicts over conspiracy theories conspirations will explore the possibility that the worlds of these actors are mutually constitutive this approach goes beyond the question of who is wrong and what to do about it instead it offers a deeper understanding of the conflicts themselves which are clearly of urgent importance for contemporary europe that understanding in turn will provide better knowledge for tackling the damaging effects of the conspiratorial divide an important premise of this proposal is that the answer lies not in addressing the content of the conspiracy theories themselves but rather the kinds of conditions that give rise to them the secondary goal is to understand how these conflicts are influenced by social contexts and how they unfold across diverse european settings the objectives of this project will be achieved through ethnographic case studies in belgium bulgaria estonia germany poland sweden and eu institutions
earthquakes and community resilience through historical analysis

earth earthquakes and community resilience through historical analysis project explores the social and economic impact of earthquakes on eastern mediterranean societies during the late roman period 4th6th centuries ce it aims to highlight the characteristics of different societies that have suffered from earthquakes and analyse the theoretical and practical responses generated by these natural disasters for these reasons the er has chosen to explore the negev area from the 4th to the 6th century ce this choice allows the researcher to analyse if earthquakes influenced human settlement choices how different societies reacted to a catastrophic event and how central powers changed their strategies today as in the past earthquakes continue to be an unpredictable and frightening phenomenon they are examples of the power of nature and the impotence of man earth project contributes to the recent flowering of integral regional studies in which geography and topography the history of settlements and migration the study of trade routes economic processes and political organisation play an important role even earthquakes that did not have a significant impact were sometimes mentioned by ancient writers therefore historians inevitably encounter this topic by focusing on earthquakes and the events they triggered my project compares societies at times when they were pushed to go beyond their limits and actively or reflexively deal with this circumstancestudying ancient earthquakes is mandatory not only to explore historical seismology but also because it allows us to better understand human societies their resilience and their relationship with the past