Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
illuminating charge transport in feldspar to measure rates of earth surface processes

lumin will enable unprecedented quantitative measurements of rates of earth surface processes through a new understanding of the charge transfer that records these rates in natural minerals earth surface processes sculpt landscapes disperse nutrients and affect climates and ecosystems knowledge of the rates of these processes is fundamental to understanding and predicting landscape evolution quantifying such rates has proven very challenging over 00001100 m spatial and 10100000 year temporal scales recently luminescence dating techniques based on feldspar the most dominant mineral in earths crust have shown a unique potential to quantify rates over such scales these techniques rely on mathematical models of charge transport in feldspar when exposed to ionising radiation heat and light in earth surface environments however despite extensive efforts our models yield inconsistent results and remain controversial because of our inability to observe these charge transfer processes the prime objective of lumin is to close this acute knowledge gap by applying novel innovations in luminescence physics using our recent breakthrough discovery which enables imaging of trapped electrons lumin will for the first time a observe the spatial and temporal evolution of atomic states participating in luminescence b develop a unified mathematical model of charge transport in feldspar from first principles and c validate this model for measuring rates of earth surface processes lumin will provide a paradigm shift in our knowledge of charge transport processes in feldspar and thus enable quantification of mass removal and transport on unprecedented spatial and temporal scales such data are essential for i resolving the roles of climate tectonics and anthropogenic forcing in shaping our landscapes and ii further developing and fieldtesting landscape evolution models for assessing and addressing the challenge of global warming
network inpainting via optimal transport

the precise digital reconstruction of natural networks such as blood vessels or plant roots is crucial to ensure the quality ofsimulationdriven predictions however these structures can often be accessed only via noninvasive techniques leading to artifactsthat compromise the reliability of the data and the derived simulations no technological solution is currently able to recover digitalreconstructions of real networks from corrupted imagesthe niot network inpainting via optimal transport project aims to fill this technological gap by defining for the first time a robustmathematical formulation of the image network reconstruction problem thanks to the most recent advances of the optimaltransport theory we will finally encode into equations the wellknown fact that several natural networks are designed to transportresources with the least effort possible we will adopt a variational image processing method where the reconstructed network isobtained as the density minimizing the sum of the discrepancy with the observed data and a branch inducing functional as such ourproposed methodology builds a bridge between the image regularization and optimal transport communitiesa major ambition of the project is to pair the theoretical analysis with robust simulation tools that are capable of handling real dataarising from mri acquisition techniques this will require exploitation and development of dedicated components to handle largedatasets both from a data handling and a multiscale simulation perspective our algorithm will be tested on a sequence ofincreasingly channeling problems we will start from simple synthetic networks then we will use an highquality map of the bloodvessel network of a mouse brain the final benchmark will be to reconstruct of corrupted vascular networks in mri scans of humanpatients
the subsequent lives of arab revolutionaries

what are the biographical consequences and the social outcomes of revolutionary activism when the revolutionary moment turns into a civil war an authoritarian restoration a fragile democratic transition or a return to the former years of lead livear will develop a novel and ambitious analytical approach that will focus on the subsequent lives of ordinary revolutionaries in four contrasted casestudies morocco tunisia egypt and syria by articulating the micro and meso levels it will propose a groundbreaking threefold shift from the usual viewpoint a from the revolutionary moment to the subsequent lives of the women and men who participated in these events and a longitudinal analysis b from political and state institutions and macropolitical transformations to the ordinary activists and the individual level and c from national studies to crossnational comparisons in order to comprehend patterns and variations depending on the political context this analytical framework will unfold along four intertwined lines of research 1 activist careers and biographical consequences 2 emotional legacies 3 revolutionary interpersonal networks 4 revolutionary organizations in so doing it will not only contribute to the literature on social movements activism and contentious politics by providing if not a collective biography at least a detailed mosaic of lifestories of activists from the global south but also to the field of comparative politics to which it will offer original and empiricallygrounded data to document the multiple possible social outcomes of revolutionary processes as they unfold in nondemocratic contexts the project will rely on a multidisciplinary skilled team and devise a diversified qualitative methodological toolkit combining life story interviews with life calendars an analysis of digital social networks and internet archives ethnographic observations of daily life practices and encounters and secondary sources
strongly polarized carbon taming fundamental intermediates and their applications

in cccharged i propose a new concept to induce cc bond polarization as well as predict fundamentally new stable carbonbased compound classes the manipulation of functional groups builds the basis for the rational design of complex molecules in organic synthesis while most compound classes have been studied for decades few remain virtually unexplored only suggested as reactive intermediates i propose to tame these elusive intermediates into hitherto unknown roomtemperature stable compound classes central motif to gain stability relies in the polarization of the cc bond which can either result in zwitterions charged or diradicals the dichotomic behavior will be analyzed and a general approach to cc bond polarization will be developed based on a new concept of mesoionic frustration such mesoions are predicted to be exceptionally strong polarized carbon compounds exceeding the polarization of traditional ylides triggering applications from transition metal main group chemistry to organic synthesis the reactivity of such strong carbon donors will be analyzed correlated and a scale generated applications of cc bond polarization in the stabilization of unsaturated diazo and monosubstituted carbon compounds are presented their synthesis electronic structure and reactivity will be evaluated and applications such as catom transfer reagents for molecular editing studied while singlet vinylidenes are central intermediates in organic reactions the generation and reactivity of triplet vinylidenes is virtually unknown i propose them as new compounds in organic chemistry as metalvinylidene precursors and as new platforms for magnetic applications recent highimpact publications by the group build the basis for this project that goes far beyond the stateoftheart considering that carbon is the pivotal element of life and the central element of organic chemistry cccharged is a fundamental groundbreaking contribution to organic chemistry
supervised morphogenesis in gastruloids

the lack of realistic in vitro organ models that can faithfully represent in vivo physiological processes is a major obstacle affecting the biological and medical sciences the current gold standard is animal experiments but it is increasingly clear that these models mostly fail to recapitulate the human physiology moreover animal experiments are controversial and it is a common goal in the scientific community to minimize the use of animals to a strictly necessary minimum the emergence of stem cell engineered organ models called organoids represents the only viable alternative to animal research however current organoid technology is yet to produce the larger physiologically relevant organmodels that the medical sciences really need specifically current organoids are too small not vascularized and lack the 3dimensional organization found in vivo in this interdisciplinary project we aim to challenge all these limitations by using the recently developed gastruloid technology guided by cutting edge bioengineering and artificial intelligence gastruloids are formed by initiating the very early developmental processes and develops along a highly coordinated three axial process that closely resembles mammalian embryogenesis moreover gastruloids can develop several organ precursors simultaneously and thus constitutes important improvements over conventional singletissue organoids to harvest the potential of gastruloid technology we will first implement large sequencing and imaging experiments to optimize the developmental trajectory of gastruloids for organ inductions we will then build these datasets into a multimodal data matrix to identify gastruloid candidates for cardiovascular and foregut development specifically we will identify candidates that show strong vasculogenesis as candidates for later vascularisation by anastomose with endothelial cells
improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

poseidon brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained nextgeneration network of doctoral candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify map assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce groundbreaking methods to prevent mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate the consortium is formed by experts across eu countries with universities research institutions industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills the programme will undertake critical research across scales from micro to macro for seeking the inner links and differences with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency in addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physicalnumerical modelling and lab studies our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of stateoftheart data science technologies eg data mining machine learning etc to their full potential only through this systematic approach we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures ocis and developing novel models tools and designs for future ocis such as wind turbines pipelines and cables the doctoral candidates will enjoy a highly integrated interdisciplinary and intersector training environment enriched through secondments with the network of nonacademics poseidon enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the ocis climateresilient building
the plant water pump

with global warming climate zones are projected to shift poleward and the frequency and intensity of droughts to increase driving threats to crop production and ecosystems plant hydraulic traits play major roles in coping with such droughts and processbased plant hydraulics water flowing along decreasing pressure or total water potential gradients has newly been implemented in land surface modelsan enigma reported for the past 35 years is the observation of water flowing along increasing water potential gradients across roots by combining the most advanced modelling tool from the emerging field of plant microhydrology with pioneering cell solute mapping data i found that the current paradigm of water flow across roots of all vascular plants is incomplete it lacks the impact of solute concentration and thus negative osmotic potential gradients across living cells this gradient acts as a water pump as it reduces water tension without loading solutes in plant vasculature xylem importantly water tension adjustments in roots may have large impacts in leaves due to the tensioncavitation feedback along stemswith the plant water pump i will combine for the first time cuttingedge osmotic mapping and microhydrological modelling approaches to 1 characterize water status and osmotic responses to water deficit in diverse crop and tree species 2 revolutionize the current paradigm of plant water uptake and 3 increase the accuracy of plant water status functions for land surface models by creating a continuum between key cellscale variables and plantscale water fluxes this project lays the foundations for future multidisciplinary research encompassing plant physiology and ecohydrology besides its groundbreaking contribution to the fundamental understanding of plant water relations this effort embodies a muchneeded step toward the accurate forecasting of land water fluxes and decision support under future climates
human antibodyenabled cardiovascular personalized theranosis

abcardionostics envisions an innovative multimarkerbased positron emission tomography pet magnetic resonance imaging mri system for efficient staging and personalized treatment of vulnerable patients with atherosclerosis to provide a snapshot of plaque composition along the arterial tree of atrisk patients human antibodies huabs targeting different affected arterial sites will be developed importantly huabs targeting culprit and protective monocytemacrophage momp populations that are instrumental in plaque progression will be crucial to assess disease status and reprogramme an unbalanced functional state toward atheroprotection to translate this concept into clinical practice the abcardionostics consortium will combine cuttingedge biotechnologies and in silico and computing analyses to close the knowledge gaps on plaque momp spatiotemporal dynamics and the lack of imaging approaches for multimarker detection pioneering in vivo and in vitro phage display approaches to identify relevant huabs ubx multispectral mapping and macroscreen to unravel the functionomics of momp subsets in atherosclerosis munc unvisited in silico and biochip development to identify huab targets mabs cnrstbi innovative huab bioengineering techniques cnrsbacfly and ubxinp btm derivatization and labelling to develop pet tracers to finally explore the feasibility of a translational noninvasive multimarker petmri system for diagnosis and monitoring cnic and an adapted immunotherapy strategy targeted to the appropriate plaque by designing bispecific antibodies cnrsbacfly data processing will integrate multimodal images to obtain insight into plaque morphology and composition pmi abcardionostics successful completion will bring huab leads for atherosclerosis theranosis and novel tools for huab identification and design easily transposable to other diseases revolutionizing the current imaging and therapeutic approaches
production of superior meat analogues by bridging the benefits of plant proteins and mycelium protein biomass produced from circular substrates

plantomyc is a transformative initiative aiming to reshape the landscape of the alternative protein sector it aims to bridge the versatile benefits of plantbased proteins with the functional and organoleptic taste aroma texture advantages of mycelial protein biomass mpb and develop innovative minimally processed hybrid meat analogues that are both healthy and tasty the project promotes sustainability by upcycling underutilized circular substrates such as starch rich pea protein byproduct and brewers spent grains to produce mpb by submerged fermentation smf and solidstate fermentation ssf respectively envisioning a nearzero waste process design plantomyc proposes converting the broth from smf into a gammaaminobutyric acid gaba enriched beverage and or a flavorful bouillon adopting a multiactor approach the project addresses challenges related to consumer preferences technological scaling and regulatory requirements notably the impact of plantomycs product prototypes on nutritional functional gut health metabolic syndrome technofunctional and sensory properties will be assessed thoroughly moreover to advance plantomycs trl we perform a comprehensive impact assessment for the adoption of these products utilizing our consortiums industrial endusers plantomyc will significantly increase the competitiveness of european alternative protein initiatives it will accelerate the sector by offering an openaccess knowledge platform introducing new production concepts for hybrid meat analogues increasing resource independence and efficiency providing new market opportunities for industrial partners like millow brl and lantmnnen increasing the affordability of alternative proteins and reducing the environmental footprint of protein production
next generation gene writing platform to cure genetic and oncological diseases

gene therapy offers a promising opportunity for treating the more than 10000 human genetic diseases as well as other disorders such as cancer by editing diseasecausing genetic defects or engineering immune cells to target cancer cells however most genetic disorders remain untreatable as gene therapy still holds an untapped potential due to significant limitations of current editing technologies that are not efficient precise and safe enough and thus present limitations in scope and applicability integra therapeutics a spinoff of the pompeu fabra university upf has developed an advanced genome writing platform that overcomes the limitations of current gene editing technologies our proprietary gene writing technology platform ficat combines the precision of rnaguided nucleases with the effectiveness of programmable transposases to insert large pieces of dna in a safe precise and stable way ficat has the capacity to integrate virtually any gene into the genome with unprecedented efficiency precision and safety ficat has already been validated in several ex vivo and in vivo models with ficat we will unlock the potential of gene writing to cure genetic diseases and bring lifechanging therapies to patients suffering from high unmet need genetic and neoplastic diseases
mechanism regulation and functions of dna loop extrusion by smc complexes

life and evolution of organisms relies on the maintenance integration propagation and readout of genetic information this information is stored in chromosomes that have a specific threedimensional structure a condensed yet accessible form of dna that is dynamically folded during the lifespan of cells how dna is folded within chromosomes has however remained a mystery it has been proposed that this is achieved by a process of loop extrusion in which smc structural maintenance of chromosomes complexes that are multisubunit atpases present in all kingdoms of life including condensin and cohesin reel dna into loops thereby organizing genomic dna into higherorder structures recent in vitro singlemolecule studies stimulated by our initial discovery on condensin provided direct evidences that both condensin and cohesin can indeed generate chromatin loops by extrusion however the most fundamental questions relating to this process remain unanswered what is the molecular mechanism of loop extrusion how is this process regulated what are the functional roles of smcmediated loop extrusion beyond condensation to address these questions we will synergistically combine our singlemolecule loop extrusion assay with correlative light and electron tomography and force spectroscopy to reveal both dynamic and structural aspects of loop extrusion and smc proteins specifically we will resolve how smc complexes function as molecular motors how regulatory factors modulate the kinetics of loop extrusion and how loop extrusion impacts cellular functions like chromosome segregation and gene recombination all at the single molecule level in the long term our findings will provide vital insights into the basic packaging structure of the genome which directly governs its biological function
ecology and biology of hpaiv h5 kappaflu

the global emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai viruses and the subsequent adaptation to wild birds has resulted in record mortality of wild birds and poultry and is developing into an enzootic threat for wildlife poultry and human health in europe the ongoing evolution of hpai viruses is expanding their geographical distribution and host range to deal with this global problem kappaflu brings together top experts from europe north america and asia the overall objective of kappaflu is the characterization of key viral hostrelated and environmental factors that determine the maintenance and the longdistance spread of hpai viruses in wild birds with the goal of improving capacities for riskbased surveillance prevention and control of hpai in poultry and wildlife and its potential impact on human health kappaflu will follow three research themes theme a disease ecology provides a deep understanding of the population dynamics of hpai viruses in migratory waterbirds and spillover hosts both resident wildlife and poultry through riskbased surveillance strategies and accounting for the impact of climate change theme b virology studies the evolution of hpai viruses in wild birds and poultry and the resulting increasing risk to humans and other mammals based on the above results theme c agroecosystem risk identifies and models prevention and control strategies including vaccination using machine learning algorithms actors from different sectors of society will through the multiactor panel play key roles in translating results into policy and practice in this way kappaflu will make stepwise advances in knowledge of the population dynamics and evolution of hpai and thus contribute to a sustainable poultry production system and improved public health