Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
singularities in general relativity

one of the outstanding open mathematical problems in general relativity is to understand how singularities form in solutions to the einstein equations singularities are typically found in the interior of black holes or at the big bang the main objective of this proposal is to start a research group at the university of crete that will develop novel mathematical techniques combining ingredients from analysis partial differential equations and differential geometry which will enable us to prove the formation of singularities in various new settings and test longstanding conjectures in the fielddynamics of big bang singularities in vacuum the generic cosmological singularity is conjecturally spacelike local and oscillatory the only rigorous evidence in favor of the latter scenario is restricted to homogeneous solutions we intend to construct big bang singularities containing spikes or oscillations without symmetries and analyticity that test the conjectural picture here previous work of the pi with j luk constructing kasnerlike singularities will be useful since they are the building blocks of more complicated scenarios we also intend to dynamically study the submanifold of big bang singularities having no oscillations by advancing techniques recently developed in work of the pi and collaborators to prove stable big bang formation in the subcritical regimethe black hole interior problem the stable phenomenon that has been observed so far in black hole regions is cauchy horizon formation our goal is to show that in certain regimes a similar situation to that of big bangs occurs where part of the inner black hole boundary is spacelike and singular we consider the einsteinmasslessscalar field system as well as the classical oppenheimersnyder dust model of gravitational collapse for a class of initial data outside of spherical symmetry where singularity formation has not yet been understood
children trauma and political violence in italoslovene borderland 19451960

retrochild explores the psychological impacts of war and other forms of political violence on children age 018 from a historical perspective relying on trauma and resilience as analytical concepts temporally it is focused on the post world war ii period 19451960 geographically it explores what is now the borderland between italy and slovenia but also aims for a global perspective on the phenomena at hand its main objectives are to explore how the meanings surrounding the concept of childhood trauma or resilience were defined by different actors ranging from the experts who worked with children affected by political violence to the children themselves and also to uncover the political motivations behind the narratives relating to and the treatment of children who were considered traumatised or psychologically damaged in order to examine the universalisations related to the meanings and motivations behind these the project applies a novel retrograde approach which instead of the events presumably involving psychological distress develops the analysis from three subsequent examples of social medical and legal interventions the first intervention involves orphans and abandoned children wp1 the second children in psychiatric care wp2 and the third juvenile delinquents wp3 retrochilds unique interlinked focus on interventions within the medical social and criminal justice systems in the border area will reveal original insights into the nature of the experiences of war and the socialist childhood as well as the functioning of political power in addition to questioning the universal western notions of trauma and victimhood the project will use childhood narratives in a highly contested border region to challenge the conventional divide between socialist and nonsocialist or eastern and western understandings of social welfare education and mental illness
molecular bases of zincmediated immunity in arabidopsis thaliana

recent studies have shown that plants locally increase zinc concentrations to fendoff invading microbes a process in which zn2 atpases hma2 and hma4 are essential zinmunity aims to unveil the molecular mechanisms controlling plantzinc based immunity connect it to the known defence signalling pathways and determine the mechanisms allowing hma2 and hma4 to locally increase zinc levels to do this i will be trained in the pathosystem arabidopsis thalianaplectosphaerella cucumerina bmm in metal imaging confocal microscopy transcriptomic and proteomic data analyses and biochemistry of zn2atpases in exchange i will contribute with my experience in proteinprotein interaction and in computational analyses of protein docking at the end of this project i should not only have placed zinctoxicity mechanisms within the general plant immune responses but also identified the molecular patterns triggering it and determined the identity of the zincdonor proteins to hma2 and hma4 impacting both the plant immunity and nutrition areas as relevant will be setting the foundations for the development of new strategies of crop protection based on the use of zinc enriched bioestimulants or fertilizers with important societal reduction of pollutingtoxic and expensive pesticides and economical implications lower costs for farmers new markets for the zincfertilizer industry moreover this proposal will set the basis for me to reach a position of scientific independence since zinmunity will deliver a number of interesting genes for future characterization this next career step will also be facilitated by many of the transferable skills acquired such as grant applications paper publication research supervision and fair data management
engineering the immunosuppressive microenvironment in mesothelioma with targeted lipidnanoparticles encapsulating selfamplifying rna

malignant pleural mesothelioma mpm is a highly aggressive disease where chemotherapy remains the standard of care enabling an overall survival os of 12 months antipd1based immunotherapy has not improved the patients os while providing only a response rate of 21 owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironmentthe originality of this proposal relies on engineering a novel form of immunotherapy for the treatment of mpm through activating the innate and adaptive tumor microenvironment upon one single intravenous injection of selfamplifying rna intracellularly delivered by a targeted lipidnanoparticle which has recently proven to successful target small drugs to orthotopic mpmthis proposal challenges a major dogma in onconanomedicine targeting nucleic acids to extrahepatic tumors where i will have the guidance of prof moreira from cnc uc who holds more than 25 years of experience in the field of targeted delivery to solid tumors being a successful entrepreneur supervision will be complemented with the guidance of an immunologist apaiva clinical pathologist acarmo expert on physicalchemistry of colloids bsilva and drug development srgio simes supervisor at bluepharma pharmaceutical industrythis marie sklodowskacurie european fellowship in line with europe mission on cancer is a life time opportunity to gain a number of different transferable skills mentoring and leadership networking and knowledge dissemination exploitation and communication these will enable me to become a highly qualified researcher able to generate and integrate differentiated and interdisciplinary knowledge and with knowhow on how to translate it towards the market and the patients as such a wide avenue of opportunities will be open to further pursue a career either in academia as principal investigatorgroup leader or senior scientist in the rd department of a company dedicated to cancer immunotherapies andor complexes injectables
strategies for just and equitable transitions in europe

st4te adopts a multidimensional approach to study the relationship between the green digital and twin transition tt and inequalities the project aims to investigate the impact of the tt on inequalities among individuals and territories and explore how existing inequalities affect the transition paths creating cycles of inequalities st4te uses both quantitative methods econometrics machinelearning and agentbased modelling and qualitative methods narrative interviews case studies and workshops to analyse different patterns of inequalities and envisage custom made policies to counterbalance the unequal effects of the tt st4te objectives are 1 understand the different drivers of the tt and measure the progress in european regions to identify the level of regional readiness and existing or potential vulnerabilities 2 identify types of inequalities including income skill job and health related inequalities as well as agegender and other intersecting inequalities and investigate new forms of social inequality that emerge or widen due to the tt 3 examine how the tt can increase existing inequalities leading to a vicious cycle between higher inequality and unequal impacts of the transition the focus will be on four drivers policies consumption education and sti 4 model the effects of tt policies assess their territorial impact develop forward looking scenarios and define pathways for knowledgebased policymaking using tools and recommendations that will ultimately address negative socioeconomic effects caused by the tt 5 maximise the projects visibility by communicating and disseminating st4te activities and progress and support the exploitation of its results with emphasis on policy engagement and codesign of recommendation overall st4te will go beyond the stateoftheart as it can have significant implications on the twin transformation of cities and regions and the design of social cohesion and placebased innovation policies
smart european networks for sensing the environment and internet quality

the project aims to develop new tools and methods to operate global telecommunication networks as largescale distributed sensors we will develop novel photonic techniques for measuring the deformation of optical cables by interferometric means with high sensitivity and high resolution making use of lowphasenoise laser sources we will address the onchip integration of such lasers overcoming one important limit of present systems ie of being bulky costly and not suitable for massproduction and large scale implementation at the same time we will design an advanced network architecture in which the newlydeveloped sensing elements are made visible to the network control layer together with standard elements and the information is processed and turned into exploitable information this will provide the network with intelligence and awareness in turns enabling a wiser use of resources towards a more sustainable operation of global networks selfhealing functionalities by timely recognition of softfailures and identification of correction pathways timecritical tasks such as recognition of ongoing hazard and the implementation of actions to protect population and critical infrastructuresour consortium brings together optical networking experts photonic developers seismologists and network providers and has a strong focus on longterm experimental tests in fibres shared with data traffic through unprecedented data collection campaigns and thanks to a multidisciplinary approach we will advance the interpretation of collected data and make them available to the wider scientifc community aiming for a synergic and smarter exploitation of global networks for telecommunications scientific research citizen protection and the management of highlypopulated areas
the role of nuclear architectural rnas in the longterm maintenance of the neural epigenome

neurons in the brain must function for a lifetime with limited replacement thus they need to robustly maintain their identity and function understanding the mechanisms underlying the longevity and persistence of neurons will be key for preventing and treating agerelated neurological diseases by focusing on epigenetic mechanisms regulated by nuclear rnas the project aims at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the longterm maintenance of neural identity and their biological roles in the development of agerelated vulnerability the successful completion of this proposal will uncover novel roles of rnas in longterm epigenetic regulation and key biological links between epigenetic dysregulation and agerelated pathological developmentwe recently discovered that some nuclear rnas in rodent brains do not turn over for two years these rnas are maintained in a neural cell typespecific manner and are mainly localized around heterochromatin through a targeted approach satellite rna was found to be one of the stable nuclear rnas and is critical for the maintenance of heterochromatin based on this finding the proposed project aims to test the specific hypothesis that neural cells possess several longretained nuclear rnas which interact with chromatin to stabilize cell typespecific epigenetic regulation but that they deteriorate as a result of aging to address this question we will use an interdisciplinary approach first the molecular identity of longretained nuclear rnas will be probed globally using deep sequencing in parallel mechanisms responsible for maintaining rnas will be investigated second the roles of the nuclear rnas and associated complexes we identify in maintaining cell typespecific epigenetic regulation will be investigated using neurobiological epigenomic and biochemical approaches efforts will be directed toward understanding the roles of nuclear rnas in pathophysiological brain aging
randomised controlled trial of preventive treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with diabetes mellitus

diabetes mellitus dm contributes to an estimated 113 of adult deaths worldwide approximately 1 in 10 adults globally are estimated to have dm and the prevalence will rise significantly over the coming decades especially in subsaharan africa people with dm have a threefold increased risk of developing tb and twofold higher risk of dying from tb or experiencing treatment failure or recurrent disease further threatening global tb control as such the growing burden of dm alongside the continuing tb epidemic have huge health and socio economic impact protid performs the first randomized controlled trial rct globally to evaluate efficacy safety costutility and population impact of preventive treatment of tb preventive therapy for people with dm it also examines gaps in diagnosis and management of dm and dmtb in uganda and tanzania our results will guide global policy on tb prevention and management in people with dm and this can have large socioeconomic impact in africa this is highly relevant given the double burden of dm and tb in europe our results will be highly relevant for migrants and people living in eastern europe as both groups have a high burden of dm latent tuberculosis infection ltbi and tb disease protids results so far and other advancements in the field have already set clear research priorities beyond protid protid is very wellpositioned to take these forward with strengthened leadership and research capacity in protids african partners embedded in a global research network and its accumulated data on the largest and mostwell characterized longitudinal cohort on dm and tb globally
creatures of sorrow lay experiences of melancholy in early modern scandinavia

crow explores lay experiences of being mentally unwell in 16th and 17th century scandinavia it asks how social status gender and age affected experiences of mental states before the modern era in doing so it deepens our understanding of mental suffering historically and creates an inclusive and complex history of the phenomenon the project uses new sources and new digital methods that combined can reach a wide variety of experiences the objectives of crow are 1 provide an examination of experiences of being mentally unwell in the early modern period that takes into account embodied experiences and emotions as well as early modern religious and medical frameworks 2 advance the scope for examining lay peoples experiences through the use of digital methods 3 provide a historical account of experiences of mental suffering that informs presentday debate about mental health crow uses as a point of departure the understanding that experiences are created through embodied sensations in cultural contexts and thus socially bound and historically significant to argue that they can be researched through patterns in individual statements regarding embodiment in tandem with reconstruction of cultural frameworks the project examines ecclesiastical court records from the scandinavian realms to find patterns in verbatim text concerning embodied sensations these patterns are examined in relation to descriptions of melancholy in religious and medical vernacular texts aimed at a lay audience through the use of software in several steps the examination moves from the concept of melancholy which is key to understanding mental suffering in the early modern learned debate to the descriptions of embodiment which means that experiences of mental suffering can be found even when the concept of melancholy is absent in addition to advancing understanding of early modern mental suffering this approach will contribute theoretically to the history of experience
4ngels programme

project 4ngels was initiated to connect the business angel networks from strong innovation ecosystems estonia estban finland fiban with the business angel networks from the less advanced innovation territories poland cobin angels and slovenia bas and startups and other wider innovation ecosystem stakeholders from europe the project will be tackling the significant internal disparities existing at territorial level by opening up and sharing the existing successful initiatives of crossborder investment carried out between estban and fiban over the last 9 years the project is focused on raising the innovation efficiency within the startup ecosystem angel investors have an important part to play in the startup ecosystem financing framework as they represent the most important source of funding for earlystage startups if a startup doesnt receive earlystage funding and fails to scaleup the whole society is at loss startups do not just create new innovative services and products but they also create jobs new infrasctructure and bring a flow of knowledge and expertise into a country all these benefits have a bigger impact on the economy on a local and national scalethroughout the project the partners will be undertaking collective ambitions to understand how to successfully initiate crossborder angel investing in europe and implement this to maximise the impact of the benefits and reduce the innovation divide in addition the project will involve different stakeholders from all four ecosystems creating a flow of connections and knowledgeas an outcome 4ngels will create a more interconnected inclusive and efficient ecosystem benefiting the business angels startups other ecosystem stakeholders and society at large
elucidating the bidirectional energy cascade of geophysical turbulence in time space and scale

turbulent fluid motions are responsible for closing the energy budget in earths atmosphere and on many astrophysical bodies dictating their longterm evolution and climate however geophysical turbulence even in the simplest contexts remains an open problem past work has shown that the theory for homogeneous and isotropic turbulence hit breaks down in a fluid subject to rotation stratification or large aspect ratios particularly affected is the central insight from the study of hit stating that energy moves to smaller scales through an energy cascade in geophysical flows energy can flow both to larger and smaller scales through a bidirectional cascade the fraction of energy going to large scales depends on the value of the relevant geophysical parameter becoming nonzero at an apparent critical point the goal of this project is to identify the spatial and spectral signatures of the bidirectional cascade understand their role in the cascades sudden onset and develop a quantitative theory for its subsequent development we plan to use a combination of numerical and statistical methods to explore the bidirectional cascade in space time and scale this analysis will be done through two complementary perspectives investigating turbulent structures in physical space and in spectral space in the former the turbulent cascade manifests itself as individual structures which break up merge or clump together depending on the regime a statistical view of these interactions will provide insight on how the nature of the flow changes on the other hand in spectral space the phases of the complex velocity amplitudes are known to be responsible for the exchange of energy among different length scales we will look into a possible partial synchronization between these phases in our simulations and attempt to model the transition to a bidirectional cascade using tools from the rich field of synchronization in complex networks
neutrally buoyant particles in the deep sea turnover origin and global impact on the marine carbon cycle

export of organic matter produced in the sunlit surface waters into the oceans interior removes about one third of the anthropogenically produced carbon dioxide the amount of organic matter sinking into the deep ocean however is not sufficient to support the carbon demand of the heterotrophic food web in the oceans interior as revealed by several studies consequently the oceanic carbon budget cannot be closed recently we identified a hitherto unrecognised nonsinking nonliving particulate organic matter pom pool in the dark ocean with rather stable concentrations throughout the water column this particle pool has not yet been considered in the deepsea carbon budgets its origin and fate remain enigmatic as well as its nutritional role for the deepsea biota we aim at deciphering the compositional differences between the sinking and nonsinking detrital pom and compare their properties with that of the dissolved organic matter using stateoftheart methods including proteomics specific focus will also be put on the composition and activity of the particleassociated biota in the oceans interior we will analyse for the first time ever the composition of the biota and the biogeochemistry of these two classes of detrital particles in the deep north atlantic the results of nereides will help elucidating the origin and fate of these enigmatic suspended particles and allow testing a major unresolved aspect in deepsea biogeochemistry ie whether these suspended particles provide the missing carbon to resolve the current mismatch in our measurements between organic carbon supply and demand of the heterotrophic deepsea biota the obtained results will form the base to model the dynamics of the nonsinking particles in the ocean on a global scale thus nereides will fill a major knowledge gap in the oceanic carbon cycling