Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
excitonic 2d metasurfaces for active multifunctional flat optics

can light fields be manipulated by a single atomic layer can quantum mechanical effects in monolayer materials be harnessed to realize dynamic optical elements recent work has demonstrated that lightweight and ultrathin nanostructured optical coatings metasurfaces can perform the same optical functions as conventional bulky optical components despite these advances metasurface optical elements have remained static at the same time newly emerging and future applications require optical elements with dynamic control of their functionalityhere i propose to lay the foundations of a completely new class of tunable and multifunctional optical elements by combining recent developments in 2d material science quantum physics and nanophotonics resulting in highly novel excitonic 2d metasurfaces building on my strong expertise in the fields of optical metasurfaces and 2d material physics i will employ monolayer 2d quantum materials to actively tune the optical response of novel nonlocal metasurfaces these atomicallythin materials exhibit a strong quantummechanical exciton resonance in the visible spectral range even at room temperature using electrical control over this exciton resonance i will study the interplay of localized excitons and delocalized optical modes next i will realize ultracompact optical elements with electricallytunable functionality finally i will develop novel methods to combine stacked metasurfaces in compound metaoptics that offer multifunctional dynamic optical componentsthe excitonic 2d metasurfaces open new routes to study the unconventional properties of quantum materials in quantum optics nanophotonics and solidstate physics at the same time the results of this project open an entirely new approach for the design of activelytunable multifunctional flat optical components with applications in optical communication augmented reality and computational imaging
peptidebased supramolecular coassembly design multiscale machine learning modeling approach

supramolecular selfassembly is a fundamental process abundantly utilized by nature and emerging functional materials technologies ranging from drug delivery to soft semiconductor devices recently an increased focus has been placed on the multicomponent peptide coassembly as they often display unique emergent properties that can dramatically expand the functional utility of peptidebased materials still the full potential is hindered by the combinatorial complexity of peptidebased materials and our inability to predict the coassembled structures and therefore properties and functionality machine learning models built on top of molecular dynamics simulations are ideally suited to decipher the coassembly behavior however the existing molecular models either suffer from severe approximations disabling them to give accurate predictions or are computationally too expensive to transverse the material space addressing this tradeoff i aim to develop a computational framework for fast and accurate peptide coassembly prediction using as a key strategy a multiscale construction of graph neural networkbased models that can predict the peptide coassembly this innovative approach will enable me to reach the following objectives 1 obtain unprecedented molecular insight into the peptide coassembly process inaccessible to experiments 2 uncover novel candidate materials and 3 provide rational design rules for multicomponent peptidebased supramolecular materials in a broader context increased insight into cooperative behavior will bring us closer to understanding and ultimately synthetically replicating the exceptional functionality of living systems while the methodological advancements of datadriven molecular modeling will be of paramount importance in other areas of biomaterial engineering and beyond
decoding the regulatory control of floral induction in apple malus domestica

floral induction fi the decision enabling a meristem to become floral is important to reproductive success and yield production yet its transcriptional regulation is virtually unknown in apple and other fruit tree species the central fi mechanism appears conserved in all species in which it has been studied although it is the regulation that enables environmental adaptation fi is activated via multiple environmental and internal cues mediated through various flowering pathways and converging at the highly homologous genes flowering locus t ft and terminal flower 1 tfl1 which act as an fi promoter and inhibitor respectively in arabidopsis flowering pathways have been extensively studied however the perennial lifecycle dormancy requirements and flowering behaviour of apple in addition to the ancestral duplication of the genome mean fi control is likely very different in this species the transcription factors tf and cis binding motifs identified in arabidopsis provide a starting point from which to unravel apple fi regulation and it appears the ga pathway may also play an important role flowcode will decipher the molecular control of fi in apple by identifying tfs that control transcription of ft and tfl1like genes and how they affect this expression equally regulatory elements within the apple ft and tfl1 genes will also be ascertained the significant genetic variation in firelated traits such as the proportion of floral buds per tree across apple varieties will be used as a tool to link molecular regulation with its phenotypic effects additionally studying this regulation in the context of the ga pathway will provide insight into its role in influencing this variation in fi behaviour in deciphering fi regulation possible approaches to protect fruit production from climate challenges will be revealed and enable development of more resilient varieties of apple and other fruit tree species through new breeding technologies
deeprednir multiresonance delayed fluorescence emitters for efficient oleds

multipleresonance mr thermally activated delayed fluorescence tadf materials are the current research hotspot in organic lightemitting diodes oleds due to their ability to deliver remarkable color purity with fullwidthathalf maximum fwhm 30 nm and high efficiency however emission of the majority of reported mrtadf emitters fell in the bluegreen region because of their intrinsic triangulene geometry and limited scope for structural diversity while examples of emitters addressing the other primary colors required for displays are either rarely red or not nearinfra red nir reported in addition most mrtadf oleds show severe efficiency rolloff and poor operational stability therefore it is urgent need to make the new molecular designs for producing longwavelength 600 nm mrtadf emitters ie purerednir mrtadf emitters without compromising the emission color purity fwhm 25 nm and efficiency rolloff of oleds these materials are not only applicable in oleds but also useful in night vision displays sensors and informationsecured displays to this end here we proposed two new mrtadf emitter designs to circumvent the aforementioned drawbacks in the first approach we have designed linearly extended boron bnitrogen nbased polyaromatic hydrocarbon pahs for shifting the emission into deepred region in the second approach we have proposed a simple yet versatile design for constructing narrowband nir emitters the rationality of the proposed designs were validated by the preliminary computational studies this is a highly interdisciplinary project that covers the fields of organic synthesis computational modelling physical and optoelectronic characterization oled fabrication and testing this proposal exploits the twoway transfer of knowledge between the host and the applicant and the stateoftheart facilities of the host organization
new adaptive and bucklingdriven composite aerospace structures

the nabucco project aims to develop radically new concepts of adaptive and bucklingdriven composite structures for next generation aircraft in aeronautics buckling is generally avoided because it causes stiffness reduction large deformations and can result in a catastrophic collapse instead nabucco considers buckling no longer as a phenomenon to be avoided but as a design opportunity to be explored for its groundbreaking potentialities the idea is to use buckling drawbacks in a positive way to conceive design and realize adaptive structures and aircraft morphing wings these new lighter flexible structures will be designed considering all the potentialities offered by composite materials thanks also to novel manufacturing processes and modifying the boundary conditions to govern when buckling occurs and to tune multiple nontraditional postbuckling stable configurations these structures will be able to adapt their shape during different flight conditions acting on two of the biggest levers for the future of clean aviation reduced weight and increased efficiency the concepts proposed in nabucco will require a step change for what concerns the design analysis and optimization methodologies since the design space will be significantly enlarged and the designer will need the ability to identify manage and control the buckling phenomena these solutions can be obtained by adopting an integrated design approach established on a multidisciplinary thinking a strongly coupled computationalexperimental framework will be developed based on novel analytical formulations artificial intelligence techniques for large multiobjective optimizations highfidelity simulation methodologies and advanced test techniques
aquagriknow maximizing the impact of eipagri operational groups for efficient water management onfarm unleashing practical knowledge and farmerfriendly resources

european union eu water resources are increasingly coming under pressure from climate change and inefficient management with the agrifood sector exerting a 4060 of water use despite recognising the need for resource optimisation integrating sustainable innovative solutions into farming practices remain vague aquagriknow led by a multiactor consortium of 12 partners from 5 eu countries aims to tackle efficient water management onfarm by broadening eipagri ogs outcomes aquagriknows endeavour has been thoughtfully chosen to address water scarcity and water quality concerns focusing on four strategies ensuring a circular water value chain s1 water use s2 water smart crops s3 watersoil interface and s4 water reuse aquagriknow systematically adapts enhances and buildsup practical knowledge through a fivestep methodology 1 knowledge collection homogenisation to gather eipagri ogs outcomes and beyond 2 contextualisation alignment to integrate the needs barriers challenges and opportunities of endusers 3 translation adaptation to create a clearinghouse of tailored knowledge for farmers and practitioners 4 sharing exchange to facilitate knowledge flow and 5 interconnection widening to boost impact across borders and increase the lifespan of generated knowledge aquagriknow impact is transformative by modernising the agrifood sectorthrough the improvement of practitioners access to easytounderstand and practiceoriented knowledge aquagriknow empowers farmers to make informed decisions foster crossborder collaboration and develop a comprehensive and scalable framework applicable to similarly impacted regions globally furthermore an ambassador program will be placed transferring knowledge to enable the adoption of innovative solutions in new sites expanding aquagriknows impact through these efforts aquagriknow envisions a collaborative informed sustainable future for eu agriculture
new windows onto the sun probing the suns magnetic field with an array of new missions and observatories

the sun provides the energy necessary to sustain life on earth making it a star of unique importance for human society it is also the only star whose surface we can resolve to reveal the richness of the complex processes acting there creating a highly dynamic and varied environment much of the structure and dynamics visible on the sun is caused by the intricately structured magnetic field and its interaction with the turbulent plasma however there are considerable gaps in our knowledge of the fundamental physical processes driving the evolution of the solar magnetic field from its generation to its removal from the solar surface and how the field drives solar activity and variability to fill these gaps this project will make use of powerful new observational missions and facilities solar orbiter sunrise iii daniel k inouye solar telescope dkist and adityal1 which will open new windows onto the sun and its magnetic field they will provide the first clear views of the solar poles solar orbiter and the highest spatial resolution ever in the extreme ultraviolet solar orbiter and in the visible dkist they will also explore a new spectral window onto the solar photosphere and chromosphere sunrise iii adityal1 the advanced instrumentation complemented by novel data analysis techniques and stateoftheart magnetohydrodynamic simulations will allow tackling often in entirely new ways longstanding difficult problems that have resisted previous attempts at resolving them elucidating these will provide deep insights into the life cycle of the magnetic field and how it affects the suns atmosphere and variability a decades efforts by me and my group has positioned us at the core of the new instrumentation data analysis techniques and simulations making us very well placed to apply the exciting data from the new resources to unravelling the fundamental physics driving the evolution of the suns magnetic field
blueprint for atlanticarctic agora on crosssectoral cooperation for restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems and increased climate resilience through transformative innovation

aaagora aims to develop the implementable nbs nature based solutions through innovative governance structures and technological architecture it targets to boost resilience to climate change and mitigating its impacts in coastal areas it identifies synergies by promoting a deliberative process to complement other priority areas within the ec mission by setting a community of practice and developing a digital knowledge system it develops nbs at three replicable demonstrators demopt demoie demono which can upscaled the project seeks improved public engagement and enhanced decisionmaking processes at different political levels based on scientific knowledge and targeted social and economic awareness using an ebm approach it builds on the successful implementation of nbs at the demos to which the necessary sociotechnological tools will be produced as required for a realistic ebm planning cycle up to trlsrl 7 the living lab concept will foster the exchange synergies at multiple scales between researchers and users decisionmakers and local communities industry and smes aaagora will demonstrate that restoration of aquatic ecosystems is possible at a large scale through reduction of pressures ebm and effective nbs including blue reforestation to boost coastal resilience to climate change impacts as well the aaagora will make the most of crossmission synergies by targeting marine ecosystem restoration in coastal communities particularly vulnerable to the risks of sea level rise that urgently need to adapt to ensure their population and infrastructure are safe climateproof and weatherresilient the design of innovative architecture enabling interoperability with other systems and will also foster a more digital ocean
using plasmodium vivax genetic data to estimate the cause of recurrent vivax malaria

malaria infects hundreds of millions of people year on year the who is committed to a world ultimately free of malaria of the two most important causes of malaria plasmodium vivax is the most difficult to eliminate largely because it has the capacity to relapse causing recurrent malaria via the activation of latent liverstage parasites recurrent malaria can also be caused by the failure to treat a previous bloodstage infection recrudescence and in endemic settings new infectious mosquito bites reinfection knowing the cause of recurrent malaria is key to understanding malaria epidemiology and to providing efficacious treatment for example to evaluate the efficacy of a drug designed to kill p vivax liverstage parasites in an endemic setting reinfections and recrudescence must be separated from relapses however there are no direct ways to diagnose the cause of recurrent malaria to address this problem i aim to build a tool pv3r that uses plasmodium vivax genetic data to estimate the probability of relapse recrudescence and reinfection and use pv3r to estimate the burden of relapse and its contribution to transmission thereby validating pv3rs utility i will achieve my objectives by merging my existing expertise in statistical malaria genetics with the expertise of dr michael white and his lab its ties with fieldbased p vivax epidemiology and its capacity to generate p vivax genetic data working with dr white i will develop a stateoftheart statistical inference method to tackle the challenging unsolved problem of differentiating between the causes of recurrent p vivax this will generate knowledge that directly improves our understanding of p vivax epidemiology and most longlastingly a public health resource pv3r that can be used sustainably by the malaria community to generate more epidemiological knowledge and to guide the design of more effective treatment regimens needed for p vivax control and elimination
a multiplexed biomimetic imaging platform for assessing single cell plasticity plastomics and scoring of tumour malignancy

metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients due to cancer cell dissemination to distant organs cell plasticity is a core characteristic of metastatic cells and confers cellular adaptation capabilities to variable mechanochemical tissue microenvironments however to date specific quantitative measures of cancer cell plasticity associated with tumour aggressiveness and therapy resistance have remained difficult to establish a major limitation is the availability of highthroughput multiplexed assays that can capture phenotypic heterogeneity and morphodynamic plasticity at the single cell level in standardized 3d culture conditions reflecting in vivo tissue microenvironments the plastcell interdisciplinary consortium will pioneer the development of a microfluidicsbased imaging platform to categorize and score cancer cell plasticity within diverse physiologically relevant 3d biomimetic culture conditions the platform will enable to perform single cell multiscale morphometric and molecular live cell data collection plastdata with minimal sample size 10k cells data will be generated based on single moleculesensitivity marker detection and cellularsubcellular morphodynamic feature recognition via minimalinvasive longterm superresolution microscopy and parallel morphodynamic imaging of cellular behaviour computational integration of plastdata using preclinical models and patient samples will enable to develop a quantitative classification of tumour cell plasticity and predictive scoring of cancer aggressiveness metastasis and drug resistance plastscore the ability to assess cell plasticity based on cellular behaviours is beyond current clinical parameters and will strongly impact diagnosis prognosis and treatments the plastcell platform will be a technology breakthrough to establish new quantitative standards to evaluate cell plasticity and mechanisms of tumour malignancy for a new era of basic research and personalized medicine
colonization early institutions and the origin of state capacity and democratization

my research project proposes studying the origin of state capacity democracy and political dynasties using the colonial conquest of latin america as a natural experiment much of the recent work on comparative politics and development uses large historical events as fruitful experimentation laboratories however the colonial experience looks more similar to a bundle treatment than a single treatment it is difficult to disentangle the role of differences in legal origin from the influences of human capital etc to try to overcome this problem past empirical approaches use a variety of methods like case studies panel data countryfixed effects and instrumental variables i will try to move one step further in this debate by considering the initial years of the spanish colonization of latin america as a natural experiment my methodological approach has four advantages first since i only analyse the initial years of colonization my empirical strategy is based on the fact that the initial conquerors had no knowledge of the land that they intended to conquer the second advantage is that in working with the colonization of latin america we only have one colonial power spain which avoids the traditional problems of diversity of legal origins the third advantage is that the contracts capitulaciones that the conquerors signed with the king before embarking to america and before even knowing anything about the land that he would conquer and other documents from the archivo de indias provide very rich details on the rules that governed the early institutions power to tax and rule the use of military power the treatment of indigenous groups etc finally these documents contain information to locate the initial settlements at the subnational level the colonization of the americas and the information contained in the capitulaciones found in the archivo de indias provides a unique opportunity to advance the debate on these crucial questions
restoring ecosystems to stop the threat of re emerging infectious disease

restoring ecosystems to stop the threat of reemerging infectious diseases there is a growing body of evidence that landscape degradation is linked to zoonotic spillover risk large scale restoration is increasingly being touted as an effective solution for mitigating against a range of anthropogenic impacts and is also hypothesised to protect against zoonotic disease spillover however little is known about the mechanisms with which restoration may provide this protection it is commonly assumed that restoration mirrors in reverse the processes that occur during degradation however it is likely that this relationship is in fact asymmetric rarely can restored landscapes be returned to a state similar to that of pristine ecosystems and often restored landscapes need to fulfil a range of environmental and socioeconomic requirements that inherently prevent them from doing so additionally the spatiotemporal scale necessary to effect positive change is context dependent and the type of restoration necessary to protect against zoonotic spillover is currently unknown ecosystem restoration can vary widely in type scale and context and can also change how humans interact with their environment which may have unexpected consequences for zoonotic disease spillover given the complexity of these interactions and their effect on disease it is vital that we understand how restoration specifically might impact wildlife disease and emergent spillover risk