Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
enabling noble metal reactivity with earthabundant metals for selective bond functionalization strategies

the functionalization of cc and cx bonds x i cl br and h is fundamental in organic chemistry for making carboncarbon bonds or for introducing molecular complexity chemists have traditionally relied on precious metals catalyst such as palladium platinum and iridium to facilitate these transformations some of these metals if not all of them are one of the rarest on earth leading to increasingly high prices and uncertainty in future supply chains as their availability continues to decline it is important to address the scarcity of these metals to secure a sustainable future one solution is to develop new technologies that allow one to substitute the precious metal catalysts for those that are abundantly available eg iron without sacrificing on performance and selectivity because of the fundamental differences between the properties of iron oneelectron chemistry and the secondthirdrow transition metals twoelectron chemistry this approach has shown to be a daunting task if however it could be shown that iron could reliably engage in twoelectron chemistry then the reactivity of precious metals could be unlocked for iron through bespoke ligand design we will attempt to unlock this twoelectron chemistry and apply it to three of the most common reactions in organic synthesis i crosscoupling ii alkene metathesis and iii ch bond functionalization by relying on a distinct twoelectron mechanism a treasure trove of possibilities for selective bond forming reactions is generated overall this work is expected to result in new avenues in earthabundant metal catalysis and provide new methodologies to construct ever important cc and cn that can be used to induce molecular complexity
language contact and heterogeneity in the hybrid chinese dialects in northwest china

this project focusses on highly endangered hybrid chinese dialects spoken in the gansuqinghai aera namely wutun zhoutun gangou xining linxia and tangwang which are reputed to have been highly altaicised the main objective is to determine their position within the northwestern branch by identifying the different strata of altaic influence found on the morphonological level it aims at demonstrating the high degree of heterogeneity of certain specific features that are reputed to have been induced by contact with mongolic and turkic languages namely nominal case markers pronominal forms third person and demonstratives and tense and aspectual markers as several mongolic languages are spoken by different minorities in this region many scholars thought that these nonsinitic traits have been induced through contacts with these populations and that a linguistic area has formed leading to their areal diffusion however many of those are also found in dialects that have not been in direct contact with altaic languages in recent time including those spoken along the yellow river spread between the shanxi and shaanxi regions therefore a certain continuity between the dialects of these 2 regions exists while secondary influence of mongolic languages has further developed the changes in those dialects by comparing this selection of forms the project will 1 document the typological diversity found in the hybrid chinese dialects of the gansuqinghai area suggesting different source of borrowing or a different reanalysis process 2 link the contactinduced traits and forms identified in the gansuqinghai hybrid dialects with those of the dialects spoken in he shaanxishanxi region 3 identify the different strata of altaic influence in the hybrid dialects 4 show that the secondary contactinduced features have been transferred through direct contacts with mongolic languages and that several isoglosses can be identified rather than a linguistic area
modelling the evolution of the motherinfant relationships

the intimate relationship between mother and infant since the first moments after conception contributed to shaping the evolution of our species and its behaviour the motherinfant nexus changed through time adapting to environmental changes new subsistence economies and social constraints yet how the biocultural transitions across human evolution influenced the mode and time of pregnancy and nursing of human infants is underinvestigated mothers will use recently developed cutting edge methodologies of trace elemental and isotopic analyses in dental enamel and dentine to identify the change from an exclusive breast milk diet to one that includes nonmilk foods and to assess the mothers diet and well being indeed dietary behaviour including that of the mother during pregnancy deeply affects human growth and development from the earliest phases of ontogenesis and is chemically recorded in developing dental enamel the goal of mothers is to build consistent interpretative models based on contemporary infants with controlled dietary and anamnestic history to reconstruct health diet and growth trajectories in early life on an extensive collection of human dental specimens from the upper palaeolithic to neolithic until urbanization in italy and croatia also the profound chemical differences in dental enamel between breastfed and herbivore milkformulafed children will allow the identification of the early use of nonhuman milk and shed light on the herbivore domestication and on alloparental care in past human populations this project adds value and competitiveness to the bioarchaeological research landscape in europe not only will my project be of interest to a broad range of academics within the social sciences but it can inform presentday public health policy measuring the effect of dietary shifts in childrens growth and development
innovating preparedness by leveraging synergies and enhancing results of drm projects

the synergy project intends to promote preparedness with the coherent and synergic involvement of the different actors of disaster management these actors include first and second responders citizens communities education systems authorities and public administrations business companies and practitioners the project will concentrate on five needs identified for disaster preparedness i involvement of all relevant actors in building preparedness ii strengthening preparedness education and training iii communicating with citizens iv management of spontaneous volunteers v ensuring sustainability of solutions for preparedness to address these needs synergies is leveraging the knowledge experience and results of five h2020 projects engage resiloc links impact builders and one nationally funded project ready2help the results of these projects will be integrated with practitioners best practices and experiences revised and improved increasing their level of maturity targeted research including social science expertise will be dedicated to covering remaining gaps and supporting the integration work three real preparedness cases will offer the opportunity to orient the project work evaluate the progress and demonstrate the final results these preparedness cases are real situations in which stakeholders intend to improve preparedness with a better involvement and empowerment of citizens the synergies activities will last 36 months with a consortium composed of 16 partners representative of all the types of stakeholders in drm including research organizations business companies first and second responders civil society organizations and authorities
strange nuclear matter from firstprinciples hadron scattering amplitudes

strangescatt will assess the role of strange quarks in nuclear physics by performing firstprinciples computations of scattering amplitudes to study interactions between hadrons with strange quarks the presence of strange quarks alters the properties of atomic nuclei and nuclear matter for instance the relationship between the mass and radius of neutron stars depends on the dynamics of strange quarks produced in their core however quantitative predictions of neutron star masses and radii are complicated by our ignorance of the fundamental interactions of baryons with strange quarks hyperons such predictions are timely given the advent of dedicated neutron star observatories multimessenger astronomy and earthbased experiments involving baryon resonances and nuclear matter nuclear interactions are rooted in qcd the fundamental force which binds quarks inside hadrons and hadrons inside nuclei the bridge between fewbody and manybody dynamics is made systematically with effective theories of the strong nuclear force which require as input fewhadron scattering amplitudes as well as their quarkmass dependence this project will compute two and threehadron scattering amplitudes between nucleons and hyperons directly from qcd using highperformance computer simulations on a spacetime lattice lattice qcd computations of scattering amplitudes have improved markedly thanks to algorithms developed by the pi so that accurate and precise firstprinciples computations of are finally within reach the unique ability of lattice computations to vary the up down and strange quark masses near their physical values is necessary for fully predictive effective theories the pis experience in lattice qcd computations of scattering amplitudes makes him ideally suited for strangescatt which supports groundbased experiments and astrophysical observations by probing the role of strangeness in hadron interactions nuclei and nuclear matter
influential adolescents

the inad influential adolescents project addresses an urgent need to understand how to influence adolescents attitudes and behaviors regarding key societal problem areas such as interethnic attitudes substance use and environmentallyfriendly attitudes to this end i aim to identify the most influential adolescents in classrooms who could spread attitudes and behaviors among peers studying not only individuallevel indicators of social influence but also their interaction with contextual factors could be a key element in identifying the most influential adolescents across a range of contexts and outcomes potentially solving inconsistencies in the prior literature such knowledge would enable the preparation of costefficient interventions that would include only a few most influential adolescents yet influencing all classroom members in three interconnected studies i will investigate how various potential individuallevel indicators of social influence 1 identify most influential adolescents across different classroom structures 2 determine adolescents ability to affect the most important norms 3 taking into account a short and a longterm change in attitudes and behaviors i will employ computational social science methods which help to capture complex social processes in study 1 i will develop a novel theoretical model based on interdisciplinary research and theories by combining theorybuilding and agentbased modeling in study 2 i will calibrate and empirically test the developed theoretical model using longitudinal social network analysis in study 3 i will conduct a computer simulation of how changes in attitudes and behaviors of a few most influential adolescents influence change among all classroom members
green solvent recycling for sustainable ecofriendly perovskite photovoltaics

in response to recent climate tragedies european union eu is taking rapid action with its ambitious european green deal egd to transform our economies and societies greener as a result the eu is encouraging the transformation of our buildings and vehicles from energy consumers to energy producers by installing lightweight flexible transparent lowcost highefficiency solar panels these are precisely the features of thinfilm perovskite photovoltaics peropvs drawing insights from tremendous silicon pv waste awaiting treatment the recycling technologies within a circular economy become a prerequisite prior to the widespread commercial adoption of any pv technology it is particularly important for perovskite photovoltaics to mitigate lead pb consumption and prevent leadcontaining waste releasein recent years lead recycling was raised to extract lead ions from the endoflife modules through lead absorbents and subsequently recover lead ions to lead iodide for new module fabrication however the low atomic efficiency and involvement of hazardous solvents in current recycling technology diminish the economic benefits and industry compatibility hence dr xun xiao intends to solve the issue by employing ligandmodulated coordination management limcom to develop a novel ecofriendly recycling system for a sustainable and circular perovskite pv system that goes beyond the stateoftheart er intends to bring a lowcost highefficiency and pollutionfree solution for peropv waste by utilizing intermultidisciplinary research involving physics chemistry materials science and device engineering with the host institutions excellent infrastructural resources the proposed project ecopv complements the ers expertise in leadrecycling for perovskite pv and the host scientists knowledge of green solvent engineering overall new expertise obtained via this fellowship will help er mature in managing his future research group ideally in europe
space universal serial bus

orbital modular robotic is a key factor to support sustainability in space it is then possible to combine modular components to either create a satellite or in the event of malfunction to replace a module to connect such modules standard interconnects with multifunctional features are required the standards provide the laws to connect the space along different functional lines including among those mechanical electrical thermal data and fluidic for the onorbit servicing market these standards play a key role to enable space connectors to mate two spacecrafts in a universal and serial way several european solutions are already available with a reasonable level of maturity to mechanically connect two space elements and provide data and power transfer however there is not a set of common recommendations agreed on by representative european users of space connectors considering the huge impact of these multifunctional interconnects at system level it seems critical to first foster cooperation among them to enable a higher level of standardization to assemble future elements coming from different sources the main objective of this project is to pave the way for a more flexible universal and serial interface usbtype leveraging the existing standard interconnects for onorbit servicing and assembly applications after the definition of a standardization level the design of a universal and serial standard interface will be proposed and demonstrated orienting its features towards compactness docking symmetry large docking misalignment tolerances large loads transfer datapower transfer redundancy and especially interoperability with other interfaces currently interoperability is the only remaining requirement which is not met by any existing space connectorinterface the project will then perform a dedicated experimental benchmark to confirm the achievement of this specific requirement as well as its prospective industrial exploitation
transdisciplinary approaches for systemic economic ecological and climate change transitions

agroecologytransect aims to contribute to releasing the full potential of agroecology for european agriculture by strengthening the knowledge base for farmers and advisors and supporting decision makers it aims to deliver robust evidence of the benefits of agroecology on climate change mitigation biodiversity and farm socioeconomic resilience to achieve these objectives agroecologytransectsupports the transition to agroecology through coinnovation dynamics including a transdisciplinary collaboration between researchers agronomy animal sciences ecology sustainability sciences socioeconomics and political sciences and stakeholders and mobilisation of knowledge and expertise in 11 multiactor innovation hubs ihs which have been engaged in agroecological transition for several years the selected ihs reflect a diverse range of crop animal and integrated croplivestock systems biogeographical areas and socioeconomic european landscapes agroecologytransect will i deliver a tool to better quantify benefits of agroecology for climate biodiversity and farm resilience ii identify drivers barriers including social norms opportunities and solutions to enhance adoption of agroecological principles and iii launch a toolbox to deliver pragmatic recommendations for the implementation and expansion of agroecological practices by farmers advisors policy makers and other actors along the value chain finally agroecologytransect will assess how policy instruments facilitate or limit the expansion of agroecology and will provides a comprehensive set of scalespecific policy recommendations for unfolding the potential of agroecology from regional to eu levels by overcoming current biotechnical social and political lockins agroecologytransect will support the achievement of relevant targets of key eu policies as the common agricultural policy the green deal and the farm to fork strategy
lignocellulosic oil novel biofuel platform for maritime transportation

seafarer has the objective to further mature demonstrate and bring to market the nextgeneration bio fuel oil process allowing oil refineries to retrofit for 100 climateneutral operations our patented technology is the first process for highefficient sustainable biomass conversion using lignocellulose and even pure lignin as feedstock the most abundantly available nonedible waste biomass on earth yet currently to 98 unexploited our process is simple onestep reaction no catalysts 80 energyefficient and more than 2times cheaper than all existing biofuel oil production methods our technology is thus highly scalable able to produce lignocellulosic biofuel oil lbfo that is fully miscible with all current liquid fuels a unique feature especially for the maritime sector where engines found aboard large ships are adapted to more crude fuels ie no refinement step needed for using our lbfo and where replacing heavy costly engines is not an option
metalcontaining radical enzymes

the pharmaceutical chemical and polymer industries are cornerstones of europes economy a key element for theirtransition to more sustainable processes and to innovative new compounds is biocatalysisof particular interest are metalloenzymes ie proteins that host a metal cofactor they catalyze a multitude of redox andradical reactions to access reactions that are unknown in nature artificial metalloenzymes can be created they combinethe newtonature catalytic activity of metal complexes with the selectivityinducing environment of the active protein siteto develop novel biocatalysts a highly interdisciplinary skill set is needed metrazymes will create a phd school acrossleading european universities that will train the next generation of scientists capable of tackling the design development andimplementation of novel enzymatic reactions in a holistic approach it brings together computational bioscientistsbioinorganic and polymer chemists and bioprocess engineers using artificial and repurposed metalloenzymes as the focalpoint the esrs will develop novel biocatalysts for radical reactions of high synthetic value such as the late stagemodification of pharmaceutical intermediates or the synthesis of polymers from renewable monomers to train the esrs inthe needs of industrial biotechnology the consortium includes eight of europes leading pharmaceutical chemical andenzymology companies the esrs will benefit from a vast transferable skills training program delivered by five trainingpartners highlights include a nature masterclass and wikipedia workshop communication partners such as wikimedia andthe industrial biotechnology innovation centre will act as muliplicators for the communication of results moreover the esrswill work with artist that use biology as their way of expression to create an artzymes exhibition that will foster the ersscreativity and result in a an unique form of science dialogue with the general public
cocreating coexistence advancing policies practices and stakeholder engagement for integrating wildlife and livestock into sustainable multifunctional landscapes in europe

the recovery of wildlife populations large carnivores and large herbivores has created many additional challenges for pastoralism already under pressure from multiple socioeconomic drivers these challenges include damage depredation extra costs and many social conflicts some of the major obstacles to addressing these challenges are conflicts between stakeholders and the contested nature of relevant knowledge the coco project will address these obstacles by adopting a multidisciplinary approaches with a strong social science representation and a multiactor approach with widespread stakeholder engagement that facilitates cocreation of knowledge with high legitimacy the process will cover a the relationship between livestock husbandry practices and damage from wildlife b ways to integrate wildlife management and pastoral management c perceptions and values that different stakeholders have about the pastoralismwildlife interface d experience with different governance structures e the potential of new and emerging technologies in both wildlife and pastoral management and monitoring and f a cost benefit analysis of different scenarios for pastoral and wildlife management the project will use methods as diverse as systematic reviews field inspections facetoface interviews focus groups questionnaires and modelling the projects ambition is to collect original quantitative data from at least 1000 pastoralists 1000 hunters and 1000 landowners and qualitative data from 100s of stakeholders deployed in a comparative way across 12 countries the insights stemming from the reviews the analysis of new data and the modelling will be integrated into a roadmap for coexistence that produces policy relevant recommendations for a better standardization harmonization and integration of both pastoral and wildlife management systems this will reduce conflicts and secure multifunctional landscapes for both pastoralists and wildlife
slow excitonics for minimalistic and sustainable photonic and optoelectronic systems

modern technology should not only provide improved efficiency but follow sustainable and minimalistic design principles for an optimised ecological footprint photonic applications eg used for information processing in logistics or sensor systems currently require more and more complex technological solutions to speed up data storage and processing while creating nonrecyclable waste slowtonics aims at providing a paradigm shift based on biocompatible organic optoelectronic and photonic componentsthe design principle of digital luminescence developed in my research group combines easily processable excitonic states at long lifetimes 1 s with a programmable oxygenbased switch of the luminescence to create a unique programmable photonic framework by using organic semiconductors such systems offer a low ecological footprint small material consumption and a high degree of material tuneability for tailormade technological solutions first prototypes of programmable luminescent tags have demonstrated the potential of this technology yet missing the requirements for industrial application based on the existing expertise of my research group in the fields of organic optoelectronics and spectroscopy of soft luminescence materials slowtonics will overcome current limitations to realize industryrelevant systems for optical data storage and exchange and extend the application of digital luminescence towards luminescent security label and multicomponent sensor systems once having developed novel communication components we attempt to realize these designs made only from materials found in nature this is an essential ultimate step because a world with an evergrowing demand for information requires systems that provide functionality and allow for responsible use our approach aims at systems that have material footprints of 01 mgsystem making them truly minimalistic and sustainable