Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
delta virus infection in animal and human hosts

the emergence and rapid transmission of viruses pose increasing risks and challenges to modern societies threatening public health and economic stability a thorough understanding of basic virology is therefore critical for an informed development of preventive and control strategies although for more than 40 years the only known member of deltaviruses was the human hepatitis delta virus hdv it was recently discovered that hdvlike agents are present in a variety of animal vectors and reservoirs including bats rats snakes birds and insects metagenomic data indicate that these satellite viruses possess an unrecognized host shifting capacity enabling them to cross the species barrier as no efficient antiviral treatment is available against hdv the emergence of novel deltaviruses poses a significant potential threat to human health to date animal deltaviruses have not been functionally characterized and little is known about their basic biology the proposed project delv aims to generate essential knowledge about the biology of deltaviruses their interactions with host cells their zoonotic potential and evolutionary fitness using newly generated deltavirus molecular clones coupled to unbiased proteomic and genetic approaches delv will identify host factors interacting with deltaviruses in their natural animal and human hosts aim 1 further it will determine and characterize host factors that are essential for deltavirus replication in the human host when they cross the species barrier aim 2 finally delv will discover viral elements favoring deltavirus host shifting and adaptation capacities aim 3 delv aims to shape novel paradigms in virology rna biology and hostpathogen interactions knowledge generated through delv will guide the development of novel antiviral strategies and will have profound implications for understanding the ecology and evolution of these newly discovered yet mysterious viral elements
bringing evidencebased food chain solutions to prevent and reduce food waste related to marketing standards and deliver climate and circularity cobenefits

understanding the impacts of food marketing standards is quite complex as they cover various sectors are regulated at different levels and have potential sideeffects their interaction with food waste fw remains unclear with the existing evidence being limited and contradictory furthermore as marketing standards are introduced to meet wider objectives tradeoffs between such objectives and fw prevention need to be assessed this assessment should guide a rebalancing of marketing standards to effectively meet contradicting goals at the same time fw once accounted as a liability is increasingly considered a potential source of business value with suboptimal but still safe to eat foods being a case still unexplored what is needed therefore is a dual approach that first prevents fw generation by rebalancing food marketing standards and then improves market access to suboptimal foods to prevent them from becoming fwdrawing from all above breadcrumb will 1 create an inventory of private and interrelated public food marketing standards and will provide an understanding of their purpose and nature 2 will create an empirical evidence base to generate estimates of fw related to marketing standards in five food commodities fruit vegetables meat eggs cereals fish 3 will model the underlying mechanisms through which marketing standards lead to fw generation and the tradeoffs between the objective of preventing fw reduction and other objectives pursued by marketing standards and will use the results to propose a rebalancing of existing standards 4 will improve market access to suboptimal foods by guiding food businesses to select appropriate marketing channels and to quantify their business value and by fostering change in consumers acceptance of suboptimal foods and 5 will structure the previous results into operational and policy guidance on how to preventreduce fw related to marketing standards
discovering the causes of three poorly understood cancers in europe

the overall goal of discern is to understand the causes of three poorly understood cancers in europe
practical oxyfunctionalisation biocatalysts by engineering monooxygenases into peroxyzymes

chemistry is far away from being a mature science many desirable transformations are still out of scope one important example is the selective oxyfunctionalisation of nonactivated ch bonds which still represents a dream reaction of organic chemistry this is because balancing high reactivity needed for the activation of inert ch bonds with selectivity is difficult to achieve enzymes specifically monooxygenases are catalysts that principally solve this challengemonooxygenases however are not practical catalysts for organic chemistry this is because they have evolved to enable the survival of their host organisms and not to suit the needs of organic chemists in particular the complex molecular architecture of monooxygenases necessitating o2 stoichiometric reductants and additional catalytic components together with mechanistic challenges arising from their complex molecular architecture impede their chemistrywide applicationperoxyzyme aims at solving these issues and establish evolved monooxygenases peroxyzymes as practical catalysts for organic chemistry peroxyzymes will be able to function with simple hydrogen peroxide rather than via the natural albeit complex and vulnerable electron transport chains this fundamental change in the monooxygenases catalytic mechanisms will be achieved by a mechanismdriven and experimentally validated semirational engineering approach evolved peroxyzymes will be characterised using upto date ultrafast spectroscopy identifying catalytic bottlenecks and possible inactivation mechanisms this molecular understanding will provide the basis for further improvement of first generation peroxyzymes the practical usefulness of evolved peroxyzymes will be demonstrated on preparativescale by using them in nonaqueous reaction media enabling high product concentrations and spacetime yields
electrochemically programmable biochemical networks for animate materials

lifes biological materials are animate materials capable of adapting to their surroundings via actively changing in response to the environment a key distinguishing feature of animate materials is their ability to autonomously make decisions over how to respond an example of an animate material is your skin on cold days the hairs on your skin rise to trap warm air without your conscious thoughtthe ability of living materials to make decisions arises from biochemical reaction networks eg protein signalling in the material the networks process environmental information and decide how to adapt the material in response artificial animate materials promise to be superior for many applications eg soft robots medtech compared to their inert counterparts as their decisionmaking abilities will enable them to leverage advantageous events into better outcomes and limit the damage from disadvantageous ones however currently there is not a wellestablished route to fabricate artificial animate materialsebionetanimat charts a pathway to a new generation of electrochemically programmable artificial animate materials that act as soft actuators capable of autonomously making decisions about their movement novel proteinbased chemical reaction networks integrated into the actuators will process electrochemical stimuli and make decisions over how to generate chemomechanical motion eg peristalsis rotation i will develop a method for electrochemically controlling proteinactivity and use this to construct a series of novel electrochemically programmable protein networks of increasing complexity i will develop a new method for electrochemical fabrication of patterned hydrogels with new protein redoxbinding tools finally i will unite the new protein networks and gels together to make novel artificial animate actuators that will be biocompatible integrable with electronic devices and have potentially transformative impacts in medtech soft robots
investigating the role of the intercrypt goblet cells in inflammatory bowel diseases

the mucus layer produced by the goblet cells gcs provides the barrier between the microbiota and the intestine preventing the occurrence of the inflammation process indeed alteration in microbiota towards mucus degrading bacteria are often associated with impaired mucus barrier properties and inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis uc although the exact mechanisms behind uc are not understood defects in luminal compartmentalisation of bacteria by mucus could play a major role in this disease etiology the recent identification of the intercrypt goblet cells icgcs population has improved the understanding and modified the model of the mucus layer formed on the epithelial surface the icgcs secrete mucus that differs from mucus produced by cryptresiding gcs and both are required to provide a protective mucus barrier function deficient intercrypt mucus secretion or reduced icgc numbers leads to disruption of the mucus layer with an impaired organization at the mucus surface which correlates with increased colitis susceptibility however the mechanisms behind icgc defects still remain unclear in this project i will combine both animal and human studies to decipher the molecular mechanisms behind the loss of icgcs that occurs during uc and elucidate to what extent a deviated microbiota is involved in their modulation the data from the research programme will underpin the development of future therapeutic strategies to improve human health the fellow has experience in microbiota research metabolism and nutrition with this fellowship he will have the opportunity to develop skills in mucin biology evaluation of the mucus properties and imaging experiments this grant will enable the fellow to develop his current skill set to include methodologies and approaches so that the microbiota features can be placed within a new biological context
making icns a reality

in recent years a lot of attention has gone into the concept of integrating communication navigation and surveillance cns services while no clear criteria exist for what exactly constitutes integrated cns a common interpretation is that a single radio technology will serve multiple purposes potentially covering all three domains this perspective is most attractive in the sense of spectrum efficiency as each radio link will serve multiple domains simultaneously instead of a single one in addition to the multidomain utility of lband digital aeronautical communication system ldacs miar will also implement various positioning navigation and timing pnt technologies to concurrently provide a modular approach to navigationthe project aims to demonstrate that ldacs can support cns services on an aircraft the proposal is centered around flight experiments which will use ldacsbased cns services to provide optimized separation between aircraft in real time thus making optimal use of the airspace while being spectrum efficientin addition to multidomain use of one technology miar will also feature the ability to support nav services from multiple modularly interchangeable technologies this aspect will be an important piece to the standardization of modular apnta realtime inflight demonstration of separation controls will be the first of its kind using a single physical layer ldacs this fact combined with the ambition of bringing all components to trl6 is a show of the potential for ldacs and other new technologies to support the future of aviationmiar will cover two crucial developments which will be worldfirst use of ldacs for integrated cns and the use of multiple nongnss technologies to provide an integrated navigation solution neither of the two has ever been demonstrated in flight so miar poses a unique opportunity to accomplish two world firsts in one project
agriloop pushing the frontier of circular agriculture by converting residues into novel economic social and environmental opportunities

the 35 partners half academicprivate of the international agriloop consortium aim to extend the agricultural production value of two major players of the global bioeconomy eu and china by ecoefficiently upgrading underexploited residues into a portfolio of high addedvalue bioproducts able to generate new biobased markets or to compete with and gain market share of oil and food crops based equivalents agriloop will develop safeandsustainablebydesign ssbd bioconversion processes integrated in a cascading biorefinery approach to convert a range of agriresidues from eg tomato soy straw potato brewery oil winery and livestock sectors into plant and microbial proteins polyesters and other biobased chemicals to be used for food feed health and materials applications especially by the farming sector agriloop scientific and technical objectives are to i improve the recovery of highly functional native molecules from primary and secondary residues and to tailor bioconversion schemes toward microbial proteins and polyesters for overcoming in a balanced way the limitations related to feedstock complexity processes ecoefficiency and endproducts performances and in parallel ii anticipate the complex circularities of such biorefinery to comply with safe and sustainable requirements guide scientific and technological advances of agriloop cascading processes toward endproducts tailored to the just necessary frugal design and fast track their further adoption as demonstrated in upscaling selected biorefineries schemes by strengthening eucn cooperation informing ssbd guidance and opening up new avenues for flexible agribased value chains agriloop will increase resources efficiency through reduced discharges of agricultural residues while taking share of the highly dynamic worldwide markets of alternative proteins and biochemicals incl biopolymers and reducing the cost of agriculture and food system on our environment and health
delivering justice on a transnational scale in europe the roman rota and the enforcement of a legal culture of negotiation c 15601700

rotarom17 aims to understand the roman rota as one of the essential tools of the catholic churchs transnational governance in early modern europe how did this romebased court of appeal which judged in the popes name important civil disputes involving the clergy and members of the social elites succeed in having its authority respected outside the pontifical state why did men and women from spain portugal or poland expect to find in rome a better justice in spite of the long cautious and costly rotal procedure on which grounds did challenges and criticisms of rotas jurisdiction have political significance our aim is to study this institution which remains poorly known for this period but also to see law in action in the settling of disputes as well as the way in which the courts jurisprudence used as a reference by legal experts and disseminated in libraries contributed to the making of a legal culture founded on negotiation the projects second objective is to open a new research field on europes oldest stillactive tribunal and facilitate access to its massive and underused documentation by producing essential research tolls and reference works thus laying strong foundations for future developments of scholarship rotarom17 brings together an international and multidisciplinary team social diplomatic cultural and intellectual history legal history and foregrounds primary research connecting the rotas archival funds with a large set of archival funds and libraries in europe by renewing approaches to the roman rota its environment personal litigants and jurisprudence and by opening up access to hitherto untapped documentation rotarom17 will make a major and original contribution to rethinking the structuring role of the law in european culture and offer new opportunities for historians to explore their local or national fields of research from multiple perspectives in a large set of countries
liquid liquid phase separation mediated protein fibrillation leading to neurodegenerative diseases

neurodegenerative disorders are the leading cause of physical and cognitive disability currently affecting 15 population worldwide with estimated global cost of healthcare accosiated with them expected to at least double in the next 20 years five most common neurodegenerative diseases including als and ftd are linked to formation of protein deposits in patient tissues and are currently without treatment options that would prevent or alter the disease progression als and ftd pathology is characterised by accumulation and formation of insoluble protein deposits formed by proteins like tdp43 fus and daxx these proteins undergo liquidliquid phase transition llps in cells forming nonmembrane bound organelles which are important in rna processing and stress responses of cells but their dysregulation acts a precursor to protein fibrillation in this project we will therefore combine traditional biophysical approaches with modern molecular dynamics simulations and solution state nuclear magnetic resonance to discern this complex behaviour leading to llps and gain molecular insight into its onset major outcomes of the project are 1 develop the necessary simulation tools by reparametrizing currently available force fields using experimental data 2 apply the simulation tool and analytical methods to interactions between oligonucleotides and ions with proteins and compare results to experimental data 3 map phases and coacervation of daxx in the presence of nucleotides and ions 4 identify residues crucial for fibrillation and determine their role in cellular llps 5 apply highthroughput virtual screening to design proteins aggregation breaking ligands with therapeutic potential outcomes of this project will importantly enhance our understanding at a mechanistic level the role of these factors in promoting llps in cell biology
low frequency nanobubblesenhanced noninvasive transcranial ultrasound for brain cancer therapy

one of the worst diagnoses in oncology is a malignant brain tumor with survival rates that are dismal noninvasive surgery can be achieved using histotripsy a local nonthermal ultrasound us surgical method that uses short highintensityfocused us energy to mechanically ablate deep tissues through cavitation while leaving the surrounding heathy tissues unaffected however brain therapy histotripsy is currently limited due to the extremely high pressures that it requires i propose to develop a breakthrough technology for the treatment of glioblastoma gbm using nanobubble nbmediated transcranial histotripsy combined with bloodbrain barrier bbb opening nbs will be coupled with lowfrequency us to remotely detonate cells in a manner that was not considered feasible in the past as a result lowenergy nbmediated us surgery could be performed reducing the required energy for standard us surgery by over an order of magnitude while us widely utilizes microbubbles mbs for intravascular ultrasonography mbs are too big to extravastate into the tumor unlike mbs nbs have a sufficiently small size for accumulation in tumors however it was assumed that there is a tradeoff between the bubble size and its ability to obtain significant bioeffects as a result of cavitation my recent research revealed that when a bubble is excited well below its resonance frequency its oscillations are significantly enhanced thus i hypothesize that upon accumulation within the gbm tumor and coupled with lowfrequency excitation nbs can be used as mechanical therapeutic warheads to remotely detonate cells with minimal offtarget effects for gbm treatment nbs will be innovatively used for opening the bbb to allow tumor accumulation followed by nbmediated transcranial histotripsy this research will provide a foundational understanding of nb oscillations as an innovative tool for cancer therapy and has the potential to revolutionize the field of brain therapy
chemical biology of intracellular cholesterol transport

cholesterol transport proteins ctps regulate cellular metabolism hormone biosynthesis and organelle contacts with profound consequences for human health and disease despite this almost no small molecule ctp modulators have been reported and no methods for determining selectivity across the broader protein class exist selective ctp inhibition is conceptually challenging as all ctps are structurally similar and bind cholesterol furthermore due to redundancy among several ctps deciphering the biological roles of their individual cholesterol transport activity has been difficult chembiochol aims to unravel the functions of individual ctps by developing selective small molecule modulators based on seminal work from my lab i propose employing a sterolinspired compound design strategy consisting of a primary sterol fragment as anchor for ctp binding fused to secondary natural product fragments to engineer selectivity of the compounds for individual ctps my group will develop biophysical and chemical tools to determine lipid selectivity of ctps and optimise selective molecules against them preliminary data on the aster ctp family provides a proofofprinciple that selective and potent chemical tools are attainable and that the concept is applicable to further ctp families to determine cellular selectivity of ctp inhibitors against all cholesterolbinding proteins i will also develop a mass spectrometrybased chemical proteomic approach with a universal cholesterol probe optimised ctp inhibitors will be used to determine how ctps mediate lipid metabolism and trafficking and their effect on sterolmediated processes including mtor signaling and autophagy with potential applications in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer a general approach for selectively modulating ctps is groundbreaking and will have impact beyond this set of proteins by providing a blueprint for studying and targeting other families of lipidbinding proteins in the future
elia smart assistant for english learning

we are a startup founded exclusively by women holding the top positions ceo and cto our vision is to reduce inequalities by helping people own their english thats why we created a personal assistant elia elia is a tool for busy professionals or swamped students struggling with their english it connects english learning to their daily activities eg writing an email at work