Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
biomimetic selective extraction membranes

the ability to selectively extract compounds from waters will transform a multitude of applications ranging from highvalue compound isolation in industrial bioprocesses to removal of pollutants from the environment however current filtration technologies are reliant on physicochemical separation strategies requiring high pressureenergy inputs and cannot discriminate specific molecules biomem will develop novel biomimetic membranes harnessing the unique selectivity of biological transport proteins to facilitate the extraction of single compounds with exquisite specificity our concept is to use the unique antiport characteristics of secondary active transport proteins to move molecules even at low concentrations across a polymer membrane against their concentration gradient deriving energy from the transport of another readily available ion down its own concentration gradient a novel group of bifunctional polymers will be used to extract membrane proteins together with their associated lipids into nanoscale discs these will then be embedded into polymer membranes which are otherwise impermeable to create membranes that are completely selective for the compound of interest these bioinspired membranes will be characterised to understand organisation and function of the membrane to allow design and optimisation for custom compounds the produced membranes will be tested for functionality in a proofofconcept experiment to extract complex highvalue oligosaccharides from bulk biomass and phosphate from wastewaters while initially focussing on those two applications the separation technology developed will evidence the potential for plug and play bespoke selective membranes capable of transporting specific molecules through existing or bioengineered transporters the developed membranes will be fully scalable and operate at rates comparable to stateoftheart nanofiltration devices while simultaneously requiring around 5075 less energy
climate models and climate scientific understanding

what exactly is the epistemic goal of constructing climate models can these models help us in our endeavour to understand earths climate system and our role in climate change this is a very important question that hasnt yet received the attention it deserves in the recent philosophy of climate science my overall research objective in this project is to address this important lacuna i plan to do this by developing an account of climate scientific understanding and the means by which we can achieve understanding in climate science the method i will use originates with carnap and has recently gained a great deal of popularity ie conceptual engineering i will achieve this objective by combining my previous expertise on the topic of understanding with scientific models and the role of mathematics in scientific understanding with the new skills and competencies gained through advanced training under the guidance of a highly qualified supervisor prof stephan hartmann a leading expert on scientific models and their role in science conducting this project at the munich center for mathematical philosophy lmu will considerably improve my research and help me make significant contributions to the current discussion in the philosophy of climate science this will establish me as an independent research leader in europe and therefore help me secure a permanent academic position the results of this project can have a wideranging impact on the philosophy of science and neighbouring philosophical and scientific disciplines for instance it can contribute to a better understanding of the practice of climate science it can generate a new context for forging interdisciplinary relations between philosophers and climate scientists and suitably modified it can be used in a general strategy to help the general public better understand and trust climate sciencemy project fits with the 13th goal set out in the un 2030 agenda on sustainable development
study on the biomechanical mechanism of patientorthosis interaction based on subjectspecific patientorthosis coupling musculoskeletal model

knee osteoarthritis koa is a prevalent chronic degenerative and multifactorial disease associated with pain stiffness and physical disability and it is a significant public health problem in the world abnormal load distribution between knee medial and lateral compartments has been designated as the main biomechanical factor for the initiation and progression of koa accurate quantification of internal knee contact force during daily living activities is significant for understanding the biomechanical mechanism of patientorthosis interaction and improving the treatment with knee orthotics during the passing years some subjectspecific musculoskeletal models have been proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of internal knee contact force however approximations such as linear scaling point contact assumptions absence of ligaments inaccurate muscle models and absence of proper knee models are present in most models additionally new humanorthosis coupling models have been proposed during the past years however disadvantages such as a relatively simple human model nonpatient model and rigid contact between human and orthosis remain therefore the current musculoskeletal models and humanorthosis coupling models are not suitable for deeply studying the biomechanical mechanism of patientorthosis interaction the goal of the research will focus on 1 developing a subjectspecific patientorthosis coupling musculoskeletal model considering subjectspecific geometric models of bones cartilages and meniscus knee ligaments muscle modelling natural contact and patients disease progression 2 analyzing the biomechanical relationship between the applied orthopedic moment and internal contact forces of knee medial and lateral compartments and understanding the interaction between the knee orthosis and koa patients 3 simulationbased design and evaluation of a prototype knee orthosis based on the developed interaction models
integrated computationalexperimental material engineering of thermal spray coatings

wear and corrosion protection play a crucial role in the effort of european manufacturing industries to maximise both efficiency and productivity because they are inherently related to the lifetime of the components and their manufacturing cost thermal spray technologies for the deposition of hardmetals were developed for this reason ie specifically to provide higher resistance to sliding and abrasive wear coupled with good corrosion resistance in this field innovation is based on experimental trialanderror and operational feedback because the equations that can model the coating performance have to consider the mechanical properties of the hard phase and those of the metal binder their microstructure and interaction and their evolution during the nonequilibrium thermal spray process the final coating properties depend on all these factors and more and they are too many for a physical modelling workflow to provide reliable results on a time scale that is compliant with industrial responses to fluctuating markets supply chains and regulations on the other hand tools based on experimental data that rely only on final coating macro properties require extensive datasets to be reliable this again conflicts with the response time required by industrial innovation moreover innovation in coating technology is not just a matter of performance and costs industrial companies have to consider multiple other factors such as the impact on workers hidden regulatory costs environmental protection costs and also general public opinion cobrain offers a solution to this need exploiting the integration of computational and experimental data through semantic interoperability and developing an intelligent tool that will be able to propose novel materials from the class of high entropy hardmetals for direct deposition by hvof hvaf and cgs thermal spray and capable to estimate their impact on the economy and the environment
phage infection of bacterial biofilm

in 2017 the world health organization declared staphylococcus aureus to be an antibioticresistant pathogen for which new therapeutics are urgently needed upon infection s aureus forms biofilms that can only be treated by the longterm application of several antibiotics in high doses or the surgical removal of the infected tissues an alternative approach phage therapy has not been approved for clinical use because the effects of phage infection on a biofilm are not sufficiently characterized we propose to study the dynamics of the propagation of herelleviridae phage phi812 in a s aureus biofilm and molecular details of phi812 replication in a cell we integrated a microfluidic system into a lightsheet microscope to enable continuous multiday observation of the phage infection of a biofilm we will determine how subpopulations of metabolically dormant or phageresistant cells in a biofilm provide herd immunity against phi812 infection our system enables the fixation of biofilm segments for subsequent correlative imaging by serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to identify the interactions of phages with bacterial cells we will use focused ion beam milling together with cryoelectron microscopy and tomography to determine highresolution structures of previously uncharacterized phi812 replication and assembly intermediates in s aureus cells we will study the function of bacterial membranes and macromolecular complexes in the initiation and completion of phage genome delivery the assembly of phage portal complexes and heads and the mechanisms of genome packaging and headtail attachment this proposals biological significance lies in its focus on the asyet uncharacterized interactions of phages and bacteria under biologically and clinically relevant conditions our analyses of phage spread in a biofilm herd immunity against phage infection and phage replication in cells may identify approaches for making phage therapy more effective
phototransient infrared holography piro

molecules are the fundamental building blocks of life disease is intrinsically linked to molecular malfunction and sometimes a tiny molecular error in a single cell can kill an organism drugs such as antibiotics are designed to protect us they rid us of pathogens by disrupting their molecular machinery if unsuccessful surviving bacteria might adapt to evade future attacks and a few resistant bacteria can cause great damage everything mentioned above relies on specific molecular changes a technique that could rapidly visualise them holds great promise it would allow us to specifically target this one deadly cancer cell or adopt antibiotics treatment before resistance emerges vibrational imaging which combines spatial cues with molecular resolution is the primecandidate for revealing this molecular standoff spontaneous raman readily acquires broadband spectra but is too slow to interrogate large samples coherent raman can measure them but lacks spectral resolution finally fourier transform infrared microscopy combines spectral resolution and speed but its spatial resolution is insufficientpiro promises to deliver the necessary tool for the job by combining concepts from nonlinear ultrafast spectroscopy and digital holography piro implements a novel vibrational imaging platform a phototransient infrared holographic microscope piroscope the piroscope inspired by our recently introduced ultrafast holographic microscope combines femtosecond irexcitation with visible readout to ultimately retrieve spectrally resolved quantitative images with an unprecedented combination of imaging speed spectral observation window and spatialresolution during piro we will implement the piroscope and validate it for biomedical imaging we will then use our edge over the stateoftheart to take first steps towards pirobased diagnostics by highresolution visualising breast cancer tissue and the metabolic activity of antibioticstreated bacteria
exoplanet diversity and the origin of the solar system

the ongoing discovery of evermore earthlike exoplanets raises the question how these planets form answering this question requires a breakthrough in our understanding of terrestrial planet formation since this topic has previously been studied almost exclusively in the context of the solar system and with an emphasis on the latestage giantimpact phase however recently a window into the very earliest stages of planet formation has opened through radio observations of protoplanetary discs around young stars that reveal large reservoirs of mmsized pebbles in exodoss i will model the full planetary growth process starting from these primordial pebbles in order to improve our fundamental understanding of terrestrial planet formation in order to do so i will develop a firstofitskind gpuaccelerated nbody simulator that models planetary growth and composition in a protoplanetary disc where angular momentum is transported by disc winds the code will follow the growth of the first pebbles and kmsized planetesimals to larger protoplanets up to the late dynamical evolution of fullygrown planetary systems additional supporting hydrodynamical simulations will provide much needed accurate prescriptions for the evolution of the protoplanetary disc and for the accretion rates of pebbles and gas onto the cores and atmospheres of young protoplanets taken together i will establish a selfconsistent model of planet formation capable of addressing how earthlike planets form with results that can be confronted against dynamical and compositional constraints from the solar system and the growing population of wellcharacterized earthlike exoplanets these theoretical investigations are needed in the broader context of humanitys search for habitable earthlike exoplanets in our galaxy our desire to understand their formation and as a first step in tracing the origin of the elements such as water required for the development of life as we know it
practical learningbased tools for finding and fixing bugs

software bugs are a major problem for software developers and users alike as they cause crashes security vulnerabilities and data loss unfortunately identifying and fixing software bugs is among the most expensive and timeconsuming tasks in software development accounting for 28 to 50 of the costs of a billiondollar industry the learnbugs erc project on which this proposal is based has developed groundbreaking techniques to automatically find bugs and to propose suitable bug fixes these techniques are based on artificial intelligence and deep learning making them particularly powerful for kinds of bugs missed by traditional software developer tools however these techniques are currently only available as research prototypes and there is a gap to be bridged in order to integrate them successfully into the software development workflow this proof of concept proposal named buggpt aims to make learningbased techniques for finding and fixing software bugs practical and usable by software developers the project will develop practical tools that enable software developers to automatically find and fix bugs in their code to this end we will perform technical development activities that address the questions of where when and how to suggest bug fixes furthermore we will perform business development activities to identify potential customers to evaluate the usefulness of our tools and to compare potential business models with each other overall buggpt has the potential to make a significant impact on the software development industry by making learningbased bug finding and fixing practical for software developers if successful the project could be the beginning of a commercial product that stirs up the market of software development tools
development of new ai2 prodrugs and chemical probes to study the microbiota of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract

quorum sensing allows bacteria to synchronise and regulate their behaviours autoinducer2 ai2 is a particularly relevant signaling molecule able to promote interspecies communication in the mammalian gut microbiota a therapeutically relevant niche interference of ai2mediated signaling has been shown to influence the balance of the major phyla after antibiotic treatment still the mechanisms involved in this process are not known we propose to establish novel chemical and structural based approaches to decipher the mechanisms involved in the response of the gut microbiota to ai2 and identify mechanisms that promote beneficial responses by the symbionts while inhibiting virulence in gut pathogens for this we will construct chemical tools that will function as ai2 prodrugs to orally deliver intact ai2 to the gut ai2 is a highly functionalised molecule very reactive and unstable at high concentrations thus a prodrug strategy will protect ai2 until its release in the gut to gain a molecular understanding involved in response to ai2 we will identify ai2 sensing mechanism receptors in commensal and pathogenic members of the microbiota belonging to the clostridiaceae for that new ai2 fluorescent probes will be designed and synthesised the clostridiaceae family are relevant members in the mammalian gut these organisms include both beneficial as well as pathogenic members and we want to identify strategies to promote the beneficial response while inhibiting the pathogenic ones to promote a healthy microbiota community our hypothesis is that synthetic ai2 can help in the recovery of a healthy bacterial phyla ratio after a distress like antibiotic treatment
flow nmr unmixing of reaction components

chemical reactions are the universal path to new molecules and are of central importance in science the description of reactions is largely obtained once they are completed with a key role of nuclear magnetic resonance nmr through the structural information found in the spectra of purified products structural information is however elusive for ongoing reactions while timeresolved nmr provides kinetics for known compounds compound identification from a reaction mixture is not generally feasible today such identification would be transformative for the discovery understanding and optimisation of reactionsthe unmix project aims at providing unprecedented levels of structural and quantitative information from ongoing reactions in experimentally relevant conditions its central novel concept is the unmixing of compoundspecific data by timeresolved diffusion nmr in continuous flowdiffusion nmr is a method with the potential to separate the spectra of mixture components until recently diffusion nmr was limited to reactions performed in an nmr tube a setup that often fails to replicate experimental conditions of interest in contrast emerging continuousflow approaches give realtime monitoring in relevant conditionsin 2022 the pi has shown the possibility to obtain highquality diffusion nmr data for flowing samples this opens the path to the unmix project and its specific aims to1 develop novel accurate fast sensitive and flowcompatible diffusion nmr methods2 develop an original and broadly applicable dataanalysis workflow to yield compoundspecific 1d2d spectra and concentration time curves from ongoing reactions3 address challenging applications such as the identification of intermediates in multistep batch reactions and reaction discovery with an autonomous flow reactorwe expect these general methods will unravel transformative information on reactions and have broad impact in biochemical science and engineering
comprehensive framework for the future of waterenergyfood nexus and socioenvironmental issues in a transboundary river basin fnit

this proposal responds to the need for a comprehensive framework to analyze the waterenergyfood wef nexus and its impacts on socioenvironmental issues the framework will address such complex issues in the transboundary region of the euphrates and tigris rivers basin etrb with a focus on climate change migration and gender vulnerabilities the fnit project will determine the effects of wef tradeoffs on socioenvironmental issues by considering various stakeholder viewpoints generating future scenarios and assessing longterm risks this project employs qualitative and quantitative methodologies based on four steps 1 a diagnostic assessment of the etrb regions current situation 2 scenario planning to generate robust future scenarios 3 social network analysis to assess socioenvironmental impacts and 4 integrated nexus governance to achieve systemic integrative outcomes the fnit project aims to involve a broad range of stakeholders from the four countries of the etrb region eg iran iraq syria and turkey the participatory approach develops systemic thinking citizen science and science diplomacy while minimizing the potential for international conflicts the results including the framework scenarios and vitalization tools serve as a fundamental cornerstone and invaluable strategic resource for nexus analysis these tools focusing on socioenvironmental issues provide policymakers with a holistic perspective on transboundary matters helping to mitigate inequality and displacement risks and democratizing policy insights these results are designed for ease of use with publicly available and opensource data additionally fnit plays a pivotal role in assisting the european union in identifying potential socioenvironmental risks from the etbr region that threaten europes socioeconomic sectors in the future
resolving troubling discord in boreal versus austral late holocene temperature history

according to temperature reconstructions based on natural climate proxy archives ice cores lake sediments tree rings etc northern and southern hemisphere nh sh temperature histories differ in important features over the past millennia this stands in contrast to the broad hemispheric agreement found in corresponding climate model simulationsi hypothesize that a new treering proxy based on quantitative wood anatomy can be used to improve temperature reconstructions in both hemispheres and by this reduce differences between reconstructions and simulations preliminary studies show such results at regional scales in eurasia and hemispheric scale networks based on quantitative wood anatomy are thus expected to confirm my hypothesis these advances will be novel and highly relevant to communities engaged in climate modelling climate reconstructions and human history researchto test my hypothesis the project is divided into the following aims1create boreal and austral networks of quantitative wood anatomy data from tree rings from already sampled as well as newly sampled trees growing in extratropical regions2use the new proxy data to examine volcanicrelated responses specifically in the sh where model simulations and existing proxy reconstructions clearly disagree3investigate if intra and interhemispheric patterns of longterm temperature changes are more coherent among the new proxy records and less different from corresponding model simulationsi am convinced that the results of this project will substantially improve upon the quality of both nh and sh temperature reconstructions but if improved nh and sh reconstructions remain distinct from corresponding simulations this may constitute an important basis for revisiting system physics implemented in current climate models the outcome of these investigations will thus likely challenge conventional wisdom in at least one and possibly several research communities