Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
metal nanoapertures by nanoimprint to enhance single molecule fluorescence detection

after two decades of parallel developments in single molecule fluorescence techniques and nanophotonics these two fields remain largely disconnected today the aim of the printnano4fluo project is to bridge this gap and bring nanophotonics tools to the end users single molecule microscopists our objective is to develop a new costeffective and scalable nanofabrication approach of nanophotonic devices to enhance single molecule fluorescence detection the printnano4fluo solution offers a unique set of advantages it is lowcost fast scalable and safe while still providing a high optical performance of the final bringing nanophotonics tools to the end users single molecule microscopists is a major element of novelty to break into the physical limits set by diffraction where no other alternative exists today
dissecting early skinbased immune responses to parasites in controlled human infection studies to design novel vaccines

parasitic diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in povertystricken areas affecting hundreds of millions of lives globally vaccines are urgently needed to alleviate disease and lift the economic consequences plasmodium falciparum malaria schistosoma mansoni and necator americanus hookworms are together responsible for the greatest burden of disease vaccination with attenuated parasites is an efficacious strategy in inducing immunity to parasites in animal models recently we have translated attenuated parasite vaccination to humans in proofofconcept clinical trials in which we protected subsets of individuals from challenge this unique preliminary data indicates a role for the skin as a prime immunological organ based on these findings i propose to create a next generation highly immunogenic adjuvanted whole parasite vaccines ready for preclinical testing we will build on our previous experience with chemical tools to load whole parasites with adjuvants to measure the potency of the new vaccines we aim to measure early skinbased humoral and cellular immune markers which correlate with protection in our samples from prior and novel controlled human infection models we will assess the functionality of antibodies by adapting our current molecular imaging tools to quantitatively analyze movement kinematics of parasites in representative 3d environments resembling the human skin cellular correlates of protection in skin will be mapped using imaging mass cytometry on freshly obtained skin biopsies from experimentally infected volunteers through combined parallel analysis of circulating immune markers by highdimensional flow cytometry we aim to take a comprehensive approach including local and circulating markers to identify protective immune responses this highrisk highgain proposal is aimed to break the impasse in the field of parasite vaccine development and open a novel outofthebox avenue to fill the vaccine pipeline
imaging ultrafast single particle macromolecular dynamics with xray lasers

conformational dynamics are crucial for the functioning of most macromolecules and a deeper understanding of these motions holds great promise for future discoveries in biology but it is difficult to probe the structure of macromolecules away from their most stable conformations and timeresolved studies remain limited by the available techniquestoday a new generation of xfels is growing the extremely short pulse duration high pulse intensity and repetition rate of these lasers offer new research opportunities in physics chemistry and biologysince the first xfels were proposed the idea of obtaining images of individual proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired many and we have been at the forefront of this quest the combination of advances in xfel technology with esi has brought the dream of imaging hydrated single proteins by xray diffraction within reachcurrently timeresolved studies in solution in the subms range are done through solution xray scattering or spectroscopic methods but they can only provide limited structural information xfels provide a way to dramatically improve our understanding of these timescales this proposal aims to develop the science and technology to make ultrafast singleprotein imaging a reality through a threestep approach i develop diagnostics suitable for nanosized samples ii enable single protein xray diffraction imaging through new sample delivery instrumentation iii perform timeresolved single protein imaging experiments using the unexplored tender xray energy rangeultrafast imaging of macromolecules will reveal new horizons as a singlemolecule method with high timeresolution it enables imaging the structural changes associated with fundamental processes such as enzyme catalysis allosteric signal transduction or even protein folding it also opens a way to record molecular movies and mapping the conformational landscape of isolated macromolecules for the first time
health economic impact of populationbased interventions for prevention of overweight and obesity

overweight and obesity account for one eighth of the disease burden and five percent of health care expenditures in europe and cause large societal productivity losses thus costeffective strategies for the prevention of overweight and obesity are urgently needed to assure the financial sustainability of health and social security systems populationbased interventions pbis that change the social and environmental context are promising strategies however robust evidence on their health and economic impact is lacking this uncertainty might lead to inefficient resource allocation and harm for patients and society in ecimpact i aim to 1 quantify the realworld causal effect of two policy relevant pbis on body weight 2 estimate the causal effect of excess body weight on health and economic outcomes and 3 model the longterm health and economic impact of pbis by combining results from aims 1 and 2 i will do so by combining innovative methods from economics public health and epidemiology specifically i will pool data from large cohort studies surveillance initiatives and household panels across europe and use econometric methods that exploit natural policy experiments aim 1 link primary and secondary data sources that comprise granular genetic phenotypic and socioeconomic information and apply cuttingedge mendelian randomization techniques aim 2 and build a simulation model that integrates those estimated parameters in a novel model type aim 3 synthesizing cuttingedge methods from different academic disciplines ecimpact will provide urgently needed evidence for decision makers on the value of pbis that will ultimately improve population health ecimpact will advance public health research substantially by showing that combinations of innovative quasiexperimental and modelbased techniques which leverage the full potential of modern data infrastructures can guide health policy in an efficient and timely manner
the microbiotarootshoot axis in plant health and disease

since 450 million years roots of healthy plant are colonised by diverse communities of bacteria fungi and oomycetes which are known to extend host functions by protecting roots from disease or by promoting water and nutrient acquisition more remarkably recent evidence suggests that bidirectional signalling between belowground microbial commensals and distant aboveground host organs is likely critical for maintaining hostmicrobe homeostasis and plant health reminiscent of the critical role of the microbiotagutbrain axis for modulating brain functions in animals we recently obtained evidence supporting the role of the microbiotarootshoot axis for integrating response to microbes belowground and response to light aboveground microbiosis aims at thoroughly dissecting the bidirectional connections between microbial root commensals and shoot developmental processes using arabidopsis and tomato as model plant systems by testing the hypothesis that coevolutionary history between microbial root commensals and their hosts have shaped complex regulatory circuits modulating plant health microbiosis aims at unravelling the physiological relevance of the microbiotarootshoot axis for maintaining hostmicrobe homeostasis and for integrating multiple stress responses occurring in distant root and shoot organs using multikingdom synthetic microbial communities cuttingedge metabolome microbiome and grafting techniques as well as several innovative and advanced gnotobiotic plant systems in which belowground and aboveground organs are physically separated microbiosis has the ambition to 1 bridge the gap between functional biology and ecology 2 decrypt root microbiotadependant regulatory circuits promoting plant health and 3 design synthetic multikingdom microbial communities with modular functions favouring resistance to multiple aboveground stresses
unraveling the interplay between food intake with endocrine factors in brown adipose tissue activation foodbat

the last five decades have been characterized by an increase in obesity and cardiometabolic diseases recent predictions indicate that more than 1 billion people will be obese by 2030 worldwide contrary to white adipose tissue brown adipose tissue bat dissipates energy as heat and has been considered an important target for treating obesity and cardiometabolic diseases nevertheless little is known about the interaction between diet of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases with bat function to develop new weightloss strategies it is essential to understand how food intake modulates bat function by interacting with endocrine factors and how this interaction affects dietinduced thermogenesis in lean individuals and those with obesityrecent data indicate that dit is associated with bat function and that gut hormones play an important part in the activation of bat during the postprandial phase yet the mechanism remains to be elucidated moreover it is unclear whether dit and coldinduced thermogenesis cit share similar metabolic pathways and how the manipulation of food intake can affect bat and thus energy expenditurethe main aims of foodbat are to investigate how the acute intake of a mixed meal modulates gut hormones to stimulate dietinduced thermogenesis dit and bat oxidative metabolism and to understand how this interplay differs between lean and obese individuals also we will investigate how a cold acclimation protocol affects this interaction to modulate dit in individuals with obesity finally foodbat will unravel the connections and differences between dit and cit by comparing the gene expression and mitochondrial respiration of brown adipocytes stimulated with either nutrient overload isoproterenol or a combination of both these findings will be pivotal for the development of new pharmacological and nonpharmacological lifestylerelated strategies to combat obesity
enhancing accessibility and sustainability in smart cities and smart buildings the universal accessibility suite initiative

the universal accessibility suite represents a groundbreaking initiative that aims to revolutionize the accessibility and inclusivity of smart buildings and smart cities by leveraging advanced technologies and innovative solutions like ai bim and gis access aims to create barrierfree environments facilitate smooth mobility and enable equal access to essential services and facilities access aspires to deliver innovations supporting accessible and inclusive design by providing advanced analytics for lifecycle assessments optimizing energy environmental and user comfort aspects incorporating simulationbased testing and compliance with accessibility guidelines for designing userfriendly and safe products and built environments the project aims also to explore the relationship between comfort and energy consumption to promote sustainable practices and incorporates virtual user models and simulation environments furthermore access aspires to deliver innovations supporting inclusive adaptive and sustainable operation of the built environment in order to optimize building operations in an adaptive manner depending on the needs of its users and addresses emobility and micromobility to facilitate accessible and inclusive transportation options a particularly important aspect is the development of an accessibility assessment scheme to define clear and measurable criteria guidelines and performance indicators for assessing accessibility the demonstrators have been grouped under 6 case studies focused on 3 different types of buildings uses cultural heritage buildings people care facilities public services buildings and in 5 different locations in 5 european smart cities bulgaria italy spain netherlands and switzerland in order to maximize impact and address numerous reallife situations 22 partners from 9 european countries will collaborate and provide their expertise and resources within the 36 months of access lifetime
value chain generator to accelerate the european transition to circular economy

out of 100 billion tons of resources entering the economy every year from metals minerals and fossil fuels to organic materials only 72 are circled back this is a decline from 91 in 2018 and 86 in 2022 despite over 100 billion eur private and public investments into circular economy in the eu solving this problem can lead to 45 trillion eur of business opportunities 6 million high valueadded jobs and a potential to reduce the global ghge by 39value chain generator vcg offers a promising way to solve those problems by exploiting deep tech and novel approaches to build circular value chains which have emerged as a strategic eu tool to direct decarbonization investments and improve resource efficiency it is a cloud platform that uses ai and big data to digitally and in realtime build circular value chains enabling the exchange of industrial residuals between millions of companies embracing circularity for example 42 million tons of brewers spent grain the main byproduct of the beer brewing process can be turned into raw material for bioplastics biofuel alternative proteins or chemicals which are in high demand in the automotive pharma food and beverages and the energy industries with a roi of 172 for a midsized brewery and ghge savings of 19387 tons of co2 or 5291 tons of carbon annuallyexploring multidimensional synergies between materials technologies and climatefinancial metrics vcg enables businesses to make informed decisions and investments fostering a circular economy that decarbonize supply chains minimizes waste potential to valorize over 100 million tons of residuals by 2032 reduces co2 emissions 64 million tons savings by 2032 and maximizes roi up to 600 to keep the competitive edge adhere to the ambitious environmental goals and succeed in the demanding markets the worlds industry must make complex decisions regarding their value chains in the coming years and this is where vcg can help
understanding divisions and fostering dialogue among berlins turkish speaking communities

after 60 years of migration in countless waves germanys turkishspeaking communities are complex and diverse routinely lumped together by policymakers media and the public as turks they in fact encompass a multitude of ethnicities religions classes and political groupings though they live sidebyside they often have little contact and frequently harbour disparaging even hostile feelings towards each other aramizda meaning betweenamong us in turkish draws on methods and theories from a range of disciplines to produce novel highquality research on divisions within berlins turkishspeaking communities it explores the role civil society organisations play in easing and exacerbating those divides previous work on europes large turkishspeaking diasporas including kurds has been mostly concerned with these groups links to turkey or their integration with host populations no detailed study has focused explicitly on how they interact with each other at a time when european policymakers are grappling with the paradox of growing spaces for minority communities but shrinking opportunities for social dialogue the project will use a mix of social science methods including ethnographic fieldwork diaries and interviews to collect rich data to understand divisions within turkishspeaking communities it will foster collaboration with research participants by inviting them to play a role in determining data collection methods and taking an active role in a key nonacademic offshoot of the project this final aspect will take the form of workshop run in partnership with an antipolarisation charity aimed at piloting ways of encouraging diverse groups to engage in dialogue the findings which will be widely dispersed through academic and nonacademic channels will be used to advance theories on diversity and inclusion increase understanding among policymakers and the public and test practical ways to build more united and resilient societies
a road to remember neural plasticity through the lens of gutbrain interactions

the fact that the brain is influenced by the microorganisms that make up the gut microbiome substantially widens the scope of how we need to view human neurocognition and behaviour however a clear understanding of underlying mechanisms is scant and mainly grounded in animal work this proposal aims at major contributions towards overcoming these limitations the core hypothesis is that gut bacteria are key in shaping neural plasticity and in this way influence human memory abilities changes in gut microbial signalling may contribute to altered neurocognition in individuals who are genetically predisposed to alzheimers disease memorylanes results will thus also have important implications for an ageing society to systematically test the role of gut bacteria in neural plasticity i will take a strong theorydriven cognitive neuroscience approach under my lead my research team will perform a finegrained analysis of hippocampusdependent memory and plasticity using cognitivebehavioural testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri in healthy adults with and without a genetic risk for developing alzheimers disease concomitant measures of gut microbial community structure will be essential to establish causality we will shape hippocampusdependent plasticity and memory by modulating the gut microbiome with probiotic bacteria in a randomised doubleblind placebocontrolled trial this interdisciplinary approach will answer whether gut bacteria play a role in human neurocognition results will transform the way we understand memory processes building translational bridges to prior animal and future clinical work the insights gained may serve as a blueprint for pushing human gutbrain research to the next level paving the way for potential interventions to alleviate the detrimental effects of altered gutbrain dynamics in genetic risk older age and disease
agricultural productivity and technology adoption in subsaharan africa

agricultural productivity is strikingly low in much of subsaharan africa exposing the large fraction of the population who lives from agriculture to low incomes and periods of hunger despite high returns to modern agricultural inputs elsewhere their adoption in the region has been persistently low over the past decades in the absence of adaptation climate change is expected to severely impact the agricultural productivity of subsaharan africa i propose three projects which will significantly improve our ability to understand the effect of modern agricultural inputs for agricultural productivity and encourage their efficient adoption first existing methods for measuring the outcome of interest are notoriously imprecise or costly which is a fundamental limitation for research on agricultural productivity in developing countries i will develop and evaluate an approach to substantially improve the precision with which researchers can measure agricultural output at low costs second existing approaches to encourage the adoption of modern agricultural inputs have had muted success i will test a potentially highly impactful novel approach teaching farmers how to assess the returns to agricultural inputs on their own plots in light of heterogeneous returns to input adoption across plots this promises to encourage the right farmers to adopt the right inputs for their plots and third existing approaches to assess the degree of misallocation of inputs and associated output losses rely on strong functional form assumptions i will leverage the plotlevel estimates of returns generated in the second project as well as the knowledge embedded in biophysical models of plant growth to quantify the extent of misallocation of inputs in agriculture this radically new methodology to quantify misallocation will yield substantially more credible estimates and has the potential to significantly expand the possibilities to learn about the sources of misallocation
a health technology assessment of a breakthrough technology in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis and other bone related diseases

osteoporosis accounts for more days in the hospital than breast cancer heart attack and diabetes leading to huge healthcare costs despite this bone mineral density bmd the current gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis is insufficient and fails to detect 80 of people at risk of a fragility fracture the porous solution aims to replace bmd as the standard for osteoporosis diagnosis using mobile and harmless quantitative ultrasound technology with our patented intelligent algorithms we can for the first time measure the cortical bone quality down to the microscopic pore level this gives a multifactorial analysis of fracture risk that overcomes the weaknesses of bmd due to the use of mobile ultrasound systems this solution can be used anywhere in or outside the hospital such as primary care facilities it creates the ability to use the technology for prevention via screening and opens unprecedented possibilities for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis
speak for nature interdisciplinary approaches on ecological justice

the complexity of current ecological challenges requires to elaborate new methods to understand the way we interact with the environment and to eradicate the anachronistic humancentred conception of nature scientists governments and regulators are asked to create a justice capable to reframe the concept of nature as an active player in line with the notion of ecological justice ej counting on a consortium of 9 international interdisciplinary forefront academic universities and research centers and nonacademic institutions a forprofit company and ngos in eu and latin america speak4nature aims to develop new sociolegal instruments and methodologies to provide a common theoretical and operational basis in social and environmental sciences to give voice to nonhuman beings in legal instances and to contribute to the creation of a shared vision towards the treatment of nature itself useful for the adaptation of the political process to the current ecological challengesin particular speak4nature will aim to so1 conceptualize ej from a multidisciplinary intersectoral and international perspective so2 define why how and under what influence different social sciences extend moral considerability to nonhuman nature so3 map the current social and legal techniques to assert the voice of nonhuman nature so4 empower civil society and stakeholders role in ecological awareness restoration and climate change litigation so5 ensure the uptake of project outcomes by developing practical guidelines and training tools on legal techniques and standards to implement ej principles in disputes over environmental violationsthrough interdisciplinary and intersectoral secondments and knowledge transfer mechanisms speak4nature will increase the skills of the involved staff to foster the study exchange and dissemination of knowledge on issues related to the ecology of law contributing to the improvement of ej standards and policies