Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
exploring by in situ and operando techniques the native degradation mechanisms and longe range propagation in metal halide perovskite

gemini aims to advance fundamental understanding about the halide perovskite structure dynamic subsequently to photons absorption and how the latter can seed the early stage degradation the stateoftheart overflows of comparative ex situ analysis before and after ageing this approach does reveal neither information on early stage degradation nor relevant information on their propagation gemini has the ambition to fill in this understanding gap through a holistic approach to cover the multiscale degradation facets for this specific developments are integrated in particular a tabletop timeresolved xray scattering diffractometer to explore ultrafast structural dynamic in lab gemini addresses all drawbacks of ex situ analysis and the constrains of the perovskite sensitiveness to high probe dose or high vacuum which itself contribute to the degradation gemini will reveal live information resulting exclusively from in situ and operando approaches based on lowdose techniques through specifically developed sample chambers and setup modifications ultrafast timeresolved and electron spin resonance spectroscopies timeresolved and steadystate xray diffraction and livescanning environmental transmission electron microscopy stem combined to the latest development in 4dstemastar are combined to gather comprehensive multiscale information about degradation upon all relevant isos stressors one at once and in combination to assess the synergetic effects gemini is built upon solid background competences with these advanced techniques to ensure impacts beyond the stateofthe art soa i understanding perovskite structural dynamic and relaxation upon photoexcitation down to 1ps time scale ii revealing the multiscale degradation pathways from seeds to longrange depending on isos stressors iii networking with eu funded projects in the field to go beyond soa materials analysis and implement predictive model for ageing
colour movies of black holes understanding black hole astrophysics from the event horizon to galactic scales

black holes bhs are icons of the fundamental nature of gravity the mysterious force shaping the universe they are also the universes most efficient power houses turning infalling gas into energy and outflows that together with gravity mould galaxies and thus ultimately stars and planets the first image of a black hole by the event horizon telescope eht wherein we played a leading role captured the imagination of scientists and the public alike this picture of the immutable black hole is however blurred by the dynamic still mysterious behaviour of the surrounding gas our limited understanding of these turbulent magnetised plasma inoutflows producing the radiation and highenergy particles we observe obstructs a straightforward interpretation of the black hole image for testing theories of gravitythe challenge in understanding the astrophysics of black holes and their impact on the cosmos is that they span 8 orders of magnitude in mass size and timescales and emit light over 15 orders of magnitude in frequency our new approach overcomes this scale separation by simultaneously addressing the dynamics of large and small black holes in colour we produce for the first time highresolution multicolour movies with the eht combined with new telescopes probing the variable extremes of the electromagnetic spectrum eg cta meerkatska1 the data are analysed and interpreted with innovative models finally combining micro and macrophysicsthe pis bring together complementary expertise over the entire black hole mass scale in radio imaging and multiwavelength monitoring astroparticle physics and theoretical modelling to bear on the problem this is accompanied by four major investments construction of a new mmwave telescope in africa enabling full dynamical imaging of black holes with the eht new model development supercomputing hardware and a vibrant team of young scientists to help develop a new truly universal black hole paradigm
nonlorentzian geometry in gravity string theory and holography

in this project i will develop modern theoretical tools for nonlorentzian geometry to advance our understanding of gravity and holography einsteins theory of general relativity describes gravity in terms of the curvature of a lorentzian spacetime geometry a similar geometric description of nonrelativistic newtonian gravity has been known for a long time however we have only recently figured out how the dynamics of such newtoncartan geometry can be extracted from a systematic expansion of general relativity this gives a new and exciting approach to extracting predictions from general relativity using a geometric interpolationi have done fundamental work on such geometric expansions of general relativity both in the newtoncartan and in the opposite carroll limit which similarly leads to solvable subsectors in this project i will develop an initialvalue formulation for the resulting actions and i will show that the associated initialvalue problem is wellposed opening a path to numerical simulations using similar limits in string theory i will establish new solvable sectors of string theory on negatively curved spacetime that are relevant to topdown models of the holographic correspondenceon the other hand in the astrophysically relevant setting of approximately flat spacetime holography is much less understood in part because of the null structure on its boundary the supervisor prof marios petropoulos and myself have developed complementary approaches to constructing carroll field theories on such null boundaries building on this i will construct concrete dual field theory models which will allow me to make contact with the celestial holography program of which prof puhm is a world expert the centre de physique thorique at cole polytechnique is therefore the perfect place for me to unify these approaches to flat space holography and to work towards explicit constructions of topdown string theory models
connectome cost conservation model of skill learning

intersubject variability in learning and hence plasticity is fundamental in behavioral research neuroplasticity is studied either by exploring biological aspects of the synapse or regional brain activity lacking from these is a network holistic and integrated view of the brain as an interconnected organ the connectome the wiring diagram of the brain is one of the greatest promises of neuroscience the only methodology that allows the exploration of the human brain connectome invivo is mri via diffusion or resting state fmri this project will explore and model the connectomes of subjects before and after skill learning compared to skilledcontrols i hypothesize that the brain connectome alters its details in response to skill learning i anticipate that the baseline individual connectome will predict the ability of the brain to change in relation to specific task i suggest that balancing mechanisms of the connectome underlie network rewiring in response to learning and may predict the behavioral outcome we have recently revealed a connectome efficiency conservation law across mammals driving the premises of this project the outcome of this project is to bridge the gap between neuropsychology and neurobiology views of neuroplasticity the indication that the connectome is a key feature in plasticity will lead to a paradigm shift in the field and provide cognitive neuroscientists new empirical tools to explore the relations between brain and behavior finally as i anticipate that the connectome predisposes the capacity to rewire the suggested predictive modelling framework could be the bases to simulate individual ability to learns rehabilitates or develop degenerative processes learning memory decisionmaking and other cognitive process happen at the whole organ level we have invested a lot of effort to explore brain plasticity in a segregated manner it is high time for a more global network view of the neuroplasticity
catalytic hairpin assemblybased point of need detection device for noroviruses

champion aims to develop a rapid pointofneed pon diagnostic kit for the detection of noroviruses nov one of the leading causes of foodborne infectious disease outbreaks the main motivations to perform this work is to provide an easytouse economically convenient and standardized nov diagnostic kit with high specificity and sensitivity currently the most effective protocol is the real time pcr rtpcr for the detection of nov from food matrices however rtpcr assays are designed for use in wellequipped laboratories with sophisticated laboratory infrastructure and highly trained technicians and are unsuitable for use in limited infrastructure of or in the field the champion aims to facilitates and development of rapid and nonenzymatic nucleic acid amplification system employing catalytic hairpin assembly cha reaction coupled with a paper strip that can detect nov from food matrices thus the champion incorporates the preconcentration cha signal amplification specific detection and signal visualization in a single miniaturized device thus it can be anticipated that the longterm outcomes of the proposed work will deliver a novel accurate rapid and reliable diagnostic assay for the detection of nov
assessing the economic efficiency of climate smart agriculture in south asia

the south asian countries are experiencing climate uncertainty and extremes which are disproportionally affecting agriculture food security and livelihoods of smallscale farmers climatesmart agriculture csa is undoubtedly important to deal with challenges through increasing productivity adaptation and mitigation currently some of the governments are working to promote csa technologies to reduce the climate change effects on the agricultural sector and enhance the resilience of smallscale farmers however the economic effects of these practices have not been done yet this research aims to assess the economic efficiency of csa practices through cost and benefit analysis in the south asian countries particularly in nepal india and sri lank nis a thorough understanding of the costs and benefits of csa options is urgently needed to identify the best adaptation options and their tradeoffs to scale out the economically feasible technologies and to channel investments effectively and efficiently towards both short and longterm interventions the research assesses the costbenefit of the csa options into farm production systems indicators related to profitability and valuation of environmental and social externalities will be used to assess csa options extended net present value and real options valuation method will be applied to address the uncertainty the outcomes of the research would support for the farmers to make decisions on the most efficient option to establish the bestbet csa investment portfolios and for policymakers to formulate effective climate change and agricultural policies and programs in south asia the research generates evidencebased knowledge material that fosters the links between science practice and policy linkages for sustainable food security smallscale farmers resilience to climate change and it is in line with the eu agricultural policy further it will help to achieve the sdgs 1 2 and 13 in the studied countries
theory of fair machine learning

designing fair machine learning algorithms is challenging because the training data is often imbalanced and reflects sometimes subconscious biases of human annotators leading to a possible propagation of biases into future decisionmaking besides enforcing fairness usually leads to an inevitable deterioration of accuracy due to restrictions on the space of classifiers in this project i will address this challenge by developing oracle bounds of fairness restraints and a paretodominated tradeoff between fairness and accuracy using ensemble classifiers with the majority vote to cancel out not only errors but also biases i will also develop illegal bias tracing and longterm fairness capturing to comply with antisubordination lawfully using learning theory tools including causality and online learning for moral responsibility the central objective of this proposal is to gain a theoretical understanding of fairness and to design machine learning algorithms that simultaneously improve both fairness and accuracy the study is essential both for improved scientific understanding of fairness in machine learning models and for the development of fairer algorithms for the numerous application domains such as recruitment criminal judging or lending moreover the project also takes interdisciplinary knowledge of economics and law into account to avoid fairness concepts in machine learning from being misaligned with their legal counterparts enlarging the impact of machine learning applications and giving back to the wider community
sustainable livestock systems transition and evidence platform for upgrading policies

step up will generate clear unambiguous and quantitative information to support greater sustainability viability and resilience of environmentally friendly european livestock production systems elps through stateoftheart research methodologies and thorough and effective stakeholder engagement step up will deliver a platform of measures to support european policy makers with sciencebased evidence on the impacts and externalities of elps as part of the food and wider ecosystem existing knowledge on the positive and negative impacts and externalities of elps will be collated following a comprehensive sciencebased analysis of published research and policy literature data gaps towards improving the sustainability of elps across diverse social and environmental contexts will be identified indepth casestudy analysis to harmonise existing data identify deficits in and opportunities for new data collection and systems development will be carried out new indicators for assessing the externalities of sustainable elps considering all relevant valuechain factors will be developed the multiactor approach maa will be invoked to ensure reallife contextual reference points and testbeds for these new indicators including evaluation and impact followed by a comprehensive impact assessment and costbenefit quantification of current and innovative elps under various socioecologicaleconomic contexts using best quantitative data modelling methods transition pathways for more sustainable and diverse elps forecast scenarios including monetizing impacts will be identified evidencebased step up knowledge of elps as part of the food system and wider ecosystem will be disseminated using maa finally step up will provide a unique and warranted platform to support the development of informed and objective policy measures to optimise the central role of livestock in meeting the nutritional and societal needs of the european and global population
verification and validation of a biomarker panel that identifies individuals at high risk to develop crohns disease allowing interception of fullblown disease development

chronic inflammatory diseases such rheumatoid arthritis ra multiple sclerosis ms type 1 diabetes t1d and crohns disease cd are increasingly common and cause important loss of quality of life and work productivity most of these conditions are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease many patients have complications at diagnosis for many of these conditions there are now methods or markers in the blood that allow diagnosis in the preclinical phase meaning that individuals can be identified that have the disease but not yet the symptoms this would allow very early treatment which is highly effective that prevents development of complications which has been done successfully in ra ms and t1d cd mainly affects adolescentsyoung adults in the most productive phase of life at diagnosis the majority of patients has fistulas painful holes around the anus stenosis of the bowel leading to crampy pain and metabolic symptoms such as weight loss iron deficiency and other nutritional deficiencies in cd a number of molecules markers have been identified in the blood of individuals up to 7 years before diagnosis in the current project we wish to verify these markers in north american and european cohorts of which we have the serum available in freezers with the help of advanced laboratory tests leading to a serum signature an algorithm will incorporate the relative importance of the different proteins to make it ready for widespread use then we will test this signature in 10000 first degree relatives of european patients with cd across 7 countries a process that is named prospective validation in a final step we will demonstrate that if individuals are identified with the biomarker cd symptom development can be halted intercepted with medical treatment if we succeed in this scientific work the impact for the community would be enormous we would be able to prevent suffering surgeries disability and loss of productivity significantly
excellence hub for advancing innovation in gene therapy

geneh proposes to create an excellence hub in gene therapy through strategic partnerships within and beyond widening countries despite gene therapys recognized priority in genomic medicine and its potential for highcurative economic impact challenges persist in its development process from conceptualization to commercialization geneh intends to address these challenges by serving as a catalyst for overcoming barriers and expediting research translationto achieve this geneh will establish a robust and sustainable hub that builds upon already established ecosystems in the field and recent h2020 widening projects to implement centers of excellence in gene therapy genet in pt and ctgct in sl the academic partners at its core namely the university of coimbra uc in portugal and the national institute of chemistry kinic in slovenia have reached substantial achievements by partnering with industry bluepharma biocant park biosistemika jafral hospitals chuc epe policy makers ccdrc rra lur ecosysteminnovation supporters sih eeig ipn and patient associations apahe zops partners in the two ecosystems share a common goal treating lifethreatening or chronically debilitating diseases considered incurable by harnessing the combined expertise and resources of its partners geneh aims to drive crosssectoral collaboration through its 4helix network in a multidimensional approach that will gather further investment address ethical and regulatory aspects implement derisking approaches educational and training programes joint ri programs and prepare the path for clinical trials of new gene therapy products while actively engaging societyby positioning itself as a leading hub in gene therapy in line with regional national and european strategies geneh seeks to contribute to european competitive leadership globally advancing healthcare fostering economic growth and making a positive societal impact
passing down indigenous memory mapping innovation crossovers and social transformation in an outermost region of europe

following the eruption of a major social crisis in an outermost region of european union ors french guiana which gave rise to the french guiana political agreement in 2017 the french government committed to a full retrocession process of 400000 hectares of land to indigenous communities native americans 400000 ha of land its also 400000 different memories of the land and certainly even more this project aims to strengthen and make visible indigenous representations in the overall institutional process of land retrocession this participatory project implements the creation of an original and unpublished double corpus previously unseen in french guiana by associating an artistic and a narrative approach sensibility mapping allows for the visualisation of the intimate aspects of indigenous stories over the last decade its potential to integrate qualitative data such as emotions and sensations into maps has caught the attention of a few geographers our first goal is to develop a first series of sensibility maps with indigenous storytellers through an innovative mapping process designed to put the stories about the land memory into full light o1 our second goal is to represent the creative process at work when drawing the first series of maps using the very same sensibility mapping method and drawing a second series of maps o2 our last and most ambitious goal is to create a hybrid opendata archive designed to foster a new use of the research material through a crossmapping innovation between geolocated and sensibility maps o3 the recent research in history of cartography has highlighted the importance of documenting the mapping process itself but as of today no visualisation technique has been developed to represent that process from a methodological perspective this project is thus timely as it is from a cultural perspective since it will engage a mapping experiment at a crucial political moment in french guiana history
trends on educational inequalities over time and successful interventions that contribute to reverse them

research through the decades has demonstrated the existence and persistence of educational inequalities these inequalities particularly affect vulnerable groups of students such as those with low socioeconomic status or a migratory history who more frequently show high rates of early school leaving and low school performance however there is increasing scientific literature which identifies educational interventions that are effective in compensating for these inequalities overcoming deterministic analyses in the understanding of the educational trajectories of vulnerable children and youth taking this into account this project will have a double approach on the one hand the project will exploit the large volume of existing educational data at the national and regional levels to map and analyse educational inequalities from a longitudinal perspective identifying key features and trends for the analysis retrospective cohort studies will be conducted to understand how educational inequalities have evolved in recent years and how they relate to characteristics of the education received on the other hand the existing interventions that compensate for these inequalities will be studied in depth longitudinal analysis quantitative and qualitative will be performed of the educational trajectories of children and youth who have participated in successful educational interventions already identified by scientific research to better understand how and to what extent they contribute to improve learning outcomes with these analyses this project aims to facilitate that effective interventions can be translated into policies and replicated to advance into more inclusive educational systems with better learning outcomes for all additionally the project will allow a better knowledge of the type of data to collect and how to collect them to be able to make informed decisions towards overcoming educational inequalities in the short medium and long term