Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
deciphering the exposome by metabolomic technology in breast cancer

expomet proposes a pioneering mass spectrometrybased platform for omicscale assessment of chemical exposures expomet will revolutionize our perception of environmental contaminants and the influence these have on breast cancer bcin our ageing society the incidence of chronic disease is constantly rising yet environmental drivers of disease susceptibility are poorly understood measuring the myriad of chemicals that humans are constantly exposed to is immensely challenging and identifying interactions and the molecular pathways that are disrupted is an even more complex task to address this issue the concept of the exposome ie the totality of chemical exposures and the biological effects thereof was proposed innovative analytical technology however is lacking and remains the major limitation in this emerging fieldexpomet aims to establish new avenues towards a comprehensive sequencing of the exposome and illuminating the role played in the etiology of bc affecting 1 in 8 bc is the most common cancer in european women novel workflows will overcome current limitations and enable highthroughput exposure and effect monitoring of a vast number of environmentallyrelevant chemicals the developed cuttingedge methods will be applied and critically evaluated in the first exposomewide association exwas study on bc a deeper understanding of the toxicological impact of coexposure will be obtained from ensuing functional systemslevel experiments breakthrough metabolomicguided pathway mapping and activityscreening technology will be utilized for investigating causative events the project will provide unique insights into the impact of chemical exposure on the etiology of bc and groundbreaking exposomic technology expomet will revolutionize viewpoints on environmental contaminants and the influence these have on chronic disease the pi has a uniquely interdisciplinary expertise to address the multifacets of this exposome approach
neuroendocrine regulation of phlebotomus perniciosus immunity and microbiota fighting leishmania infection

vectorborne diseases create considerable risks to human health leishmaniases are a group of neglected vectorborne diseases caused by protists parasites from the leishmania genus approximately 350 million people around the world are at risk of being infected with leishmania and clinical manifestations in humans vary from cutaneous to visceral types leishmania is transmitted to humans by hematophagous female sand flies diptera psychodidae phlebotominae here we focus on phlebotomus perniciosus the natural vector of leishmania infantum the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the western region of the mediterranean basin europe leishmania cycle occurs in the sand fly midgut where parasites must overcome natural barriers such as high activity levels of midgut digestive proteases the competition with the native gut microbiota and the activation of sand fly immune responses recently it was shown that insect immunity is under hormonal regulation ecdysone hormone binds to its receptor ecr and triggers the expression of imd immune signalling pathwayrelated genes in sand flies gut the imd pathway controls leishmania infection but ecdysones role in sand fly immunity and microbiota has never been studied the nephimlei project in a pioneering way proposes manipulating p perniciosus neuroendocrine system to affect sand fly gut immunity and microbiota intending the blockage of l infantum development in the vector sand fly ecdysone function will be impaired by azadirachtin an ecdysone inhibitor oral treatment or silencing the ecr gene by rnai also sand fly immunity will be enhanced by suppressing repressor genes from both ecdysone and imd pathways eip75b and caspar respectively using the crisprcas9 system the altered ecdysone signalling could change p perniciosus imdrelated immune responses affecting microbiota and inducing sand fly resistance against l infantum
intramolecular optical microscopy with subnm spatial resolution in single biomolecules and singleprotein sequencing

fluorescence microscopy has witnessed a true resolution revolution in the past decades the invention of methods circumventing the classical diffraction limit of 200 nm has allowed researchers for the first time to reach subdiffraction resolution with optical fluorescence microscopy with these socalled superresolution techniques processes within cells can be observed at thus far unprecedented spatial resolutions however while incumbent superresolution approaches enable researchers to resolve intermolecular distances between eg protein molecules in small protein clusters the final frontier in optical bioimaging to resolve intramolecular distances in the subnm regime for single molecules is still elusive with this research proposal i want to develop and apply a paradigmshifting imaging technology that allows intramolecular optical microscopy with subnm spatial resolution in single biomoleculesto achieve this goal i will combine dnapoint accumulation imaging nanoscale topography dnapaint with dna exchange to overcome the current limit of optical nanoscopy in terms of spatial resolution to do so i will build a microscope with ultrahigh stability and sensitivity the project is conceived as an integral approach including the design of optics instrumentation labelling probes and data analysissuch a capability provided by the project intramol would be a game changer in fluorescence microscopy as it could for the first time allow scientists to resolve intramolecular distances eg within single proteins thus enabling structural biology studies and provide insights into conformations of proteins even enable singlemolecule protein sequencing using optical microscopy in situ
jet energy corrections for highluminosity lhc

the 2020 update of the european strategy for particle physics puts the hllhc at the focal point together with continued innovation in experimental techniques its primary goals include searching for new physics at high energy exploration of the higgs potential and precision tests of the standard modelat a hadron collider such as lhc practically all measurements rely on jet energy corrections jec many important benchmark channels such as top quark decaying to b jets and ud or cs jet pairs and inclusive jets produced with numerous gluon jets have jec as their limiting uncertainty at present the jec uncertainties are at a level of 1 overall with similar additional uncertainties from flavorspecific jec from simulation onlyhowever evidence suggests that the simulation is biased at the level of these uncertainties and that these biases will become the decisive factor for further progress here we show how to correct these biases with datadriven methods and bring the total uncertainties toward 01 levelwe found that with integrated luminosity of more than 100fb the zflavor channel can be used to precisely measure all flavorjec when combined with our novel techniques to address flavordependent biases from initial and final state radiation underlying event and heavyflavor neutrino production furthermore we found that inclusive jet production can be used to monitor further drifts of jec at 01 precision and that our observations can be motivated with a parameterized model of particle flow jet responseour results plot a path to jec at the hllhc high pileup environment and show how to systematically control the leading simulation uncertainties with data and allow many physics analyses to improve their jecrelated systematic uncertaintieswe anticipate our work will be a starting point to transition to 01level precision in jec across the field and that it will lead to a number of precision jet physics measurements as a result
autonomous multiformat insitu observation platform for atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane monitoring in permafrost wetlands

climate warming is driven by increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses ghgs eg co2 and ch4 in the atmosphere existing observatories are able to capture ghg information for largescale global assessments but shortterm natural variability and climatedriven changes in atmospheric co2 and ch4 remain less known there is also currently a lack of sufficiently precise autonomous and costefficient ghg sensors for ghg monitoring at sufficient spatial scale and in hardtoreach areas miso will develop and demonstrate an autonomous insitu observation platform for use in hard to reach areas arctic wetlands for detecting and quantifying carbon dioxide and methane gasses using a combination of stationary and mobile drone solutions and requiring minimum onsite intervention when deployed to achieve this objective miso will improve detection limit and accuracy of a ndir ghg sensor which will then be used in three observing platforms a static tower a static chamber and a uavmounted sensor operated with the help of a central base unit all elements will be designed for operation in harsh environments and with minimum human intervention the static observatories will be powered by a unique geothermal device communication between the three observatories and a data cloud will use a combination of p2p g4g5lte lorawan and wifi technologies the specifications of the platform will be codeveloped with stakeholders from academia monitoring and measurement systems industry and policy a clear dce strategy and focus on shortterm impact management and medium and longterm commercialization will target several user groups including industries and representatives of main monitoring systems and infrastructures eg icos this will support innovative governance models and sciencebased policy design implementation and monitoring sustainability performance and competitiveness in the domains covered by he cluster 6 will be enhanced
mechanisms of cell plasticity in the liver

the liver can regenerate thanks to a unique cell plasticity in which terminally differentiated cells change identity hepatocytes the most abundant cell type sustaining liver metabolism can transdifferentiate into a completely different cell type to repair the bile duct epithelium which entails not only a fate switch but also a conversion of epithelial polarity despite this regenerative capacity bile duct diseases present a major clinical challenge often requiring a liver transplant activating and controlling endogenous regenerative programs which preliminary data suggest are liver regionspecific is thus a promising therapeutic strategy but requires a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms based on regional differences in the quality of regenerated bile ducts in a mouse model of alagille syndrome i hypothesize that bile ducts in the hilar region regenerate via cholangiocyte proliferation yielding wellformed epithelia while bile ducts at the organ periphery develop de novo via hepatocyte transdifferentiation yielding malformed bile ducts with aberrant polarity because there are multiple cell sources for liver repair plasticliver aims to account for spatial and withincell type heterogeneity in the liver during bile duct regeneration taking advantage of a novel cuttingedge approach for high resolution barcode lineage tracing and gene expression profiling codeveloped in my host lab i will resolve regionspecific cell sources and mechanisms in developing and regenerating livers of a mouse model of alagille syndrome moreover combining generated single cell gene expression data and microscopy analysis of healthy and regenerated tissues i will identify molecular mechanisms and potential targets to improve epithelial polarity in regenerated peripheral bile ducts ultimately plasticliver will yield fundamental mechanistic insights into cell fate decisions and why liver but no other organs uses this type of cellular plasticity
laser induced nanojet functionalization of twodimensional materials for sensing and energy harvesting applications

the project will make an impact in important societal needs in the fields of energy harvesting and sensing for environmental safety and medical applications which are relevant to the entire global population the development of any of these hightech areas is associated with the use of new materials the scope of this proposal is to advance 2d materials by adding to them novel functionalities for improved energyharvesting and sensing applications such 2d materials as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides were selected for functionalization the creation of nanopores or the attachment of chemically active compounds will significantly expand the capabilities of such materials for example it will enable the development of universal chemical sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds the project proposes to solve an important problem of functionalization localized on nanoscale which will allow minimizing the proposed devicesthe disruptive technique to be used in this proposal for nanometerprecision patterning of 2d materials is based on one of the latest nanophotonics advancements the photonic nanojets it is possible to functionalize 2d materials by laser with spatial resolutions significantly lower than the diffraction limit as light in a photonic nanojet can be concentrated into a volume that is one order of magnitude smaller the project provides for a fairly simple and scalable technology the low technological hazard of the method and invariance for materials are the basis for economic feasibility new materials and devices arising from this project will be exploited by the industry strengthening the eu economy and technological excellence in the fields of energy electronic technology health industry security environmental and industrial monitoring
revealing the neural computations that distinguish imagination from reality

our brain is able to turn external signals coming into our senses into a vivid and coherent experience of reality at the same time our brain is also able to generate sensory experience in the absence of external signals via imagination contrary to our intuition our experience of reality is not an objective reflection of the external world since the brain has no direct access to that instead what we perceive as reality is an inference that the brain makes about its own activity which is both externally driven by sensory input and internally driven by imagination recent research has shown that imagining something leads to similar patterns of brain activity as perceiving that same thing in reality this raises the question how does the brain determine whether activity represents reality or imagination i hypothesize that to distinguish imagination and reality the brain relies on a perceptual reality monitoring process where higherorder brain regions infer perceptual reality when sensory signals are strong enough and there is low cognitive control i propose to test this idea by answering three complementary questions a how does sensory processing influence reality judgements b how does cognitive control influence reality judgements and c how are different signals integrated and evaluated to form reality judgements to answer these questions i will use a novel psychophysical paradigm to experimentally induce confusions between imagery and perception in healthy participants i will precisely characterize neural processes during these confusions by combining stateoftheart techniques highfield fmri meg and trns with advanced computational methods multivariate decoding and bayesian modelling the results of this project will increase our fundamental understanding of core cognitive processes such as perception and memory and will provide a novel perspective on disorders of reality monitoring such as psychosis
keyless cryptography for efficiency and security

cryptographic primitives are the foundation of security in any secure information systempermutations and similar keyless cryptographic primitives have risen to great popularity in recent years thanks to their flexibility and performancethey power new lightweight cryptography standards or serve as core building blocks of postquantum cryptography and advanced privacypreserving protocolshowever the security analysis of these designs still follows the traditional cryptanalytic methodology based on decades of research in block ciphers largely ignoring the substantial differences between the two design paradigmsin keyless we propose new methodologies to achieve an accurate transparent security evaluation of keyless primitives this has the potential to enable drastic performance improvements as well as prevent security vulnerabilities arising from hidden dependencieswe will establish new finegrained models of keyless primitives to obtain tighter proofs and lightweight designs this allows to simultaneously improve both security and efficiencywe will tackle the challenges of keyless settings with novel cryptanalytic techniques and develop formal methods to prove optimality of attacksin particular we will systematically take dependencies between rounds or primitive calls into account and thus achieve complete models of complex attacksfinally we will explore the full potential of keyless primitives to not only provide efficient security but also practical robustness and resilience under suboptimal conditions including misuse and sidechannel attacksunlike previous work we will study robustness properties in conjunction to exploit synergies and obtain new designs that achieve full robustness while maintaining efficiencykeyless will fund 4 phd students in the research group of maria eichlseder codesigner of the new nist standard for lightweight cryptography
achieving animate properties with nonlinear odd solids

how can we create animate synthetic materials able to sense compute and respond to their environment to achieve these animate properties one emerging class of materials stands out odd solids odd solids use microscopic energy injection to break basic symmetries like newtons 3rd law resulting in farfromequilibrium phenomena forbidden in passive materials these phenomena promise a toolkit for designing animate functionalities like robust locomotion and pattern formation however to realise animate properties odd solids face a fundamental challenge microscopic energy injection inherently leads to nonlinear mechanical deformations yet this nonlinear regime remains completely unexplored in this proposal i will surpass this limitation by characterising the nonlinear excitations of an odd solid then using these excitations as a toolkit for designing animate properties using continuum mechanical theory and lattice simulations i will derive new fundamental results on travelling patterns and topological defects in odd solids and determine how these nonlinear excitations interact with environmental cues like substrate friction crucially i will then use these excitationenvironment interactions to realise animate properties in a readymade tabletop experimental system this proposal marries my expertise in nonlinear excitations in active systems with the hosts expertise in the experimental development of odd solids to push our fundamental understanding of odd interactions beyond the linear regime my results will open a new line of research in active matter and animate materials applicable across systems in which odd interactions can be designed from robotic matter to living systems down to the microscale by positioning me at the heart of the emerging field of animate matter and equipping me with a powerful new skillset of experimental experience and techniques this marie curie action will take my scientific career to the next level
innovative solutions to reduce aquaculture emissions and valorize sludge through phosphorus and nitrogen extraction

aquaculture faces a dilemma population growth food resource constraints and increasing recognition of environmental challenges related to food production position aquaculture as a key component of a healthy diet and sustainable food source as a result aquaculture is the fastest growing food industry in the world a trend that is expected to continue for years to come however its growth presents a series of environmental challenges including nitrogen and phosphorus np emissions from sludge and consequential eutrophication of our water bodies significant waste streams and unsustainable feed sources each of these challenges are exacerbated by the fact that countries such as norway which produces more aquaculture products than the eu combined aims to grow its sector by five times in the next 25 years important regulation that govern np emissions therefore limit production growth this dilemma presents a fantastic opportunity for aquaphoenix we will demonstrate a novel sludgecollect infrastructure in seven regional demo sites in norway and finland which are incorporated into existing open pen aquaculture farms validation of sludgecollect together with significant political will backing our project will pave the way for our ability to simultaneously increase aquaculture production while reducing np emissions to promote healthy seas whats more we will test and develop a variety of valorisation pathways that will commodify sludge as a circular resource for producing renewable energy sustainable agriculture fertiliser and novel food and feed ingredients the aquaphoenix consortium recognises its ability to respond to this opportunity and is partnering with leading aquaculture associations and networks to act as a global forerunner to lead change on a large scale we are committed to advancing reductions in aquacultures np emissions and support the green transition towards a zero pollution europe
denisovan ancestors in sahul deciphering human evolution through molecular techniques

field and sciencebased discoveries over the last decade have revolutionised our understanding of human evolution outside of africa we now know that at least 6 or 7 hominin groups lived in eurasia in the past 200000 years some of these ie denisovans neanderthals and early modern humans met and interbred with genes from extinct archaic hominins passing down to modern humans living today recent dna studies have shown that selected populations in southeast asia and oceania in particular have inherited genetic material from denisovans with the highest percentage found in papua new guinea png and aboriginal australians multiple divergent ancestries are seen in png with two unique denisovan lineages the latest d1 occurring as late as 3015 k years ago while hugely relevant for understanding hominin dispersals admixture and adaptation the pleistocene and early holocene archaeological and palaeoanthropological records of png are poorly understood the rarity of hominin fossils from this region is a significant limitation in testing current hypotheses on denisovan presence in sahul during the late pleistocene the aim of this project is to analyse two previously excavated archaeological assemblages from highland png yuku and kiowa with the oldest dates 1015 ka bp to expand the record of hominin fossils and provide detailed information on the taxonomy and chronology of these unique assemblages through extensive application of zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry zooms analyses of unidentified bone fragments radiocarbon dating stable isotope analysis and ancient dna analyses i will analyse new hominin fossils as well as understand early subsistence strategies and adaptation to new environments this will be focused on the papuan highlands which is a hugely underresearched but increasingly significant part of the world for deciphering recent human evolution