Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
foundations of generalization

arguably the most crucial objective of learning theory is to understand the basic notion of generalization how can a learning agent infer from a finite amount of data to the whole population todays learning algorithms are poorly understood from that perspective in particular best practices such as using highly overparameterized models to fit relatively few data seem to be in almost contradiction to common wisdom and classical models of learning seem to be incapable of explaining the impressive success of such algorithms the objective of this proposal is to understand generalization in overparameterized models and understand the role of algorithms in learning toward this task i will consider two mathematical models of learning that shed light on this fundamental problemthe first model is the wellstudied yet only seemingly wellunderstood model of stochastic convex optimization my investigations so far provided a new picture that is much more complex than was previously known or assumed regarding fundamental notions such as regularization inductive bias as well as stability these works show that even in this simplistic setup of learning understanding such fundamental principles may be a highly ambitious task on the other hand given the simplicity of the model it seems that such an understanding is a prerequisite to any future model that will explain modern machine learning algorithmsthe second model considers a modern task of synthetic data generation synthetic data generation serves as an ideal model to further study the tension between concepts such as generalization and memorization here we with a challenge to model the question of generalization and answer fundamental questions such as when is synthetic data original and when is it a copy of the empirical data
boosting research capabilities of romanian cloud microphysics centre

as the only airborne cloud research platform holder in eastern europe incas is in the perfect position to be a wellknown rd organisation that obtain urgently needed data sets process and interpret them in order to improve future climate projections however to date a lack of presenting these capabilities has left incas too little known in the cloud research community and therefore underutilized research partner with excellent and very useful facilities through the bracemy project incas team will obtain the required skills and an additional equipment needed to complement their research capabilities with stateofthe art aerosol sampling techniques the foreseen research conducted in conjunction with strong twinning activities will transfer the skills required for incas to perform aerosolcloud interaction research and elevate its reputation to that of a leader in the cloud and aerosol community this will be achieved by using a learning by doing approach to transfer the best practices for conducting research disseminating results and educating young scientists from the worldclass project partners to incas in particular this will include the development of an ice nucleating particle counter based on a stateoftheart aerosol sampling system provided by a project partner conducting research flights publishing and presenting research results within internationally recognized platforms organizing and lecturing at summer schools designed for upcoming researcher in the field and gaining the managerial skills required to become a recognized partner for aerosol and cloud microphysics research the project partners have been selected to ensure that all of the objectives are guided by leaders in the field of aerosol and cloud research and acting as a research provider therefore bracemy will give incas a research institute in a widening country the opportunity to elevate itself to an internationally recognized cloud and aerosol research institute
synergies for green transformation of inland and coastal shipping

the extent of shipping decarbonization and reduction of air pollutant emissions remains limited despite the rapid development of greening technologies this is particularly valid for existing inland vessels and coastal shipsa large scale retrofit of the fleet would accelerate the greening transformation however there is a wide variety of ship types with different power demands and different required volume of energy carriers alternative fuels require more space on board andor more frequent bunkering the bunkering infrastructure for such fuels is scarce and their future price levels are uncertain most measures are associated with considerable investments in addition the existing regulatory framework still does not provide an adequate supportthe question arises which retrofit solution would be the most adequate for a ship of certain dimensions type and operational profileto answer this question the project synergetics synergies for green transformation of inland and coastal shipping will create synergies between the leading research institutions in ship hydrodynamics and energy transition innovation centres and shipbuilding industry regulatory bodies ship owners and technology providers with the goal to provide a catalogue of retrofit solutions which will accelerate the green transformation of inland vessels and coastal ships demonstrate the greening capacities of retrofit by implementing hydrogen and methanol combustion in internal combustion engines on selected existing ships in real life operational conditions address the greening potential of hydrodynamics improvements by demonstrating the effectiveness of the aftship replacement which comprises the optimized shape of the aft part of the hull duct propeller and rudder design and implementation of exhaust gas aftertreatment and hybrid propulsion systems contribute to electrification of fleets by further developing swappable battery container services and a system for power management of ships with hybrid propulsion
antimicrobial nanocoatings for hospital textiles to prevent the spread of healthcare associated infections

the main objective of nanoprotect is to develop innovative antibacterial antifungal antiviral and antibiofilm 4a nanoenabled coatings for medical textiles upholstery fabrics and personal protective equipment ppe which would be susceptible to pathogens contamination in hospitals this proposal will focus on designing a pallet of antibioticfree nanocomposites for coating medical textiles novel inorganic nanoparticles with broad antimicrobial activities comprising antibioticresistant strains and viruses will be fabricated the designed nanoparticles will be used for fabricating nanoenabled inorganicbiobased composites comprising different mechanisms of antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities the durability of the antimicrobial function will be monitored by visual indicators safer waterbased sonochemistry biobased metal reduction selfassembling enzymatic crosslinking and a combination thereof would be employed moreover versatile highprecision technologies for nanometric coatings spray coating and inkjet printing will be tested with a lower quantity of nps requirements further singlestep sonochemical fabrication and coating will be evaluated to make readytouse products with nanostructured antimicrobial surfaces therefore nanoprotects nanotechnologybased solutions will provide environmental health safety for patients visitors and professionals
interplay of charge and energy transfer in single molecules

in the pursuit to mimic highly efficient natural processes like photosynthesis in optoelectronic devices moleculebased architectures are becoming increasingly important in reducing costs and improving energy efficiency in these processes intermolecular charge and energy transfer are intimately linked however how exactly intramolecular charge distribution charge transfer and excited state dynamics interrelate is not fully understood yet studying these fundamental processes requires tools that can control and probe both the charge state and the excited state of individual and interacting molecules simultaneously with submolecular spatial resolution so far the only way to achieve subnanometric spatial resolution in optical spectroscopy is to combine it with scanning tunneling microscopy but this approach does not allow deliberately controlling the charge state of an individual molecule catnip aims at combining tipenhanced optical spectroscopy with atomic force microscopy on single molecules as well as multimolecular complexes adsorbed on multilayer insulating films this approach will facilitate studying the interplay of charges and excited states within such systems with atomic resolution and singleelectron sensitivity in collaboration with organic chemistry as well as theory groups this will allow addressing fundamental questions such as how excess charges influence molecular excitons or whether and how it is possible to tailor energy transfer between molecules by introducing localized charges within or nearby the molecular complexin addition catnip will provide me with extensive training opportunities related to gaining expertise in the field of scanning probebased optical spectroscopy managing my own research project and improving my teaching skills laying the foundation for a successful career in research
biologically plausible transformers integrating topdown and bottomup signals in the primary vision system for computationally efficient deep learning

deep learning dl has recently achieved remarkable success due to the continuous growth in model sizes however this growth has led to increased energy consumption hardware implementation of digital dl can help reduce energy usage but the von neumann architecture of current dl has hindered its practical realization in contrast the brain exhibits energyefficient multiscale spatiotemporal processing biologically plausible bip frameworks have emerged as alternatives to mainstream dl these methods use bottomup and topdown signals incorporating feedforward and feedback mechanisms and local objectives instead of global error recently i demonstrated that a bip optoanalog hardware can achieve competitive performance compared to digital dl for feedforward networks however transformers the backbone of current dl are challenging to implement due to the inputdependent quadratic complexity in the transformers attention this project leverages the multiscale dynamics in the primary vision system to explore bip architectures for transformersthe project is hosted at the university of tübingen under matthias bethge and thomas euler who have a longstanding effort in the system identification of mouse retina via dl the project has three objectives first i will extract topdown information from neural recordings of ganglion cells in the mouse retina focusing on unique spatiotemporal features that maximally activate specific cell types next i will combine topdown signals with bottomup models of the retina using recurrent architectures with linear complexity and compare their performance in classification tasks to a vision transformer for the retina lastly i propose a bip transformer with local weight updates i will examine the robustness of models under data distribution shifts and noise injection a positive outcome of the project will address energy and cost issues of ai and help me progress my academic career in this interdisciplinary field
to a fair inclusive circular and healthy cities valorisation of phosphogypsum wastes into commercial products through sustainable and circular processes

ficfighters is a local democracy project it is the search for new economic models deliberately agreed to manage of waste that harms the natural and cultural heritage it is a space for discussion on the adoption of alternatives for wastes that has been accumulating near our cities for decades the project will involve different local actors industries authorities smes rtd centers and universities to inclusively scale up to trl67 waste recovery processes under the premises of the circular economy focusing on the valorization of phosphogypsum waste pg to generate sustainable raw materials for use in the paper cement batteries fertilizers and detergents industries for 48 months the different actors in cooperation with the ccri will be involved in making the new circular business models a reality the project will1 build a mobile pilot plant trl7 based on optimised results and digital twin of the processes to demonstrate the sustainable production of raw materials sodium sulfate ree and p aluminum hydroxide ammonium sulfate and precipitated calcium carbonate for different industries starting from phosphogypsum and other wastes2 create a pg forum for local discussions and develop local workshops in each of the 7 case studies including citizen participation addressing socioeconomic environmental and regulation aspects of the new circular business models developed to become a reality and reaching trust and acceptance3 address the flexibility and replicability of the valorization processes by involving 7 case studies and create the first known pg exploitation portal aiming to identify characterise and reach all european cities with same problematic 4 contribute to knowledge exchange in clustering and ccri events creating a community of practice and making the results of the project publicly available and exploitable addressing ip protection5 provide guidelines to reach circularity based on lca lcc social and hs studies
transformation towards longterm sustainability beyond sustainable development goals

countries are not on track to meet the 2030 agenda for sustainable development that comprises 17 sustainable development goals sdgs and 169 targets to be achieved by 2030 although sdgs aim to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path countries are not yet able to make transformative changes for longterm sustainability that requires building social prosperity and foundations within planetary boundaries failing to achieve sdgs will negatively affect billions of people and worsen environmental conditions and socioeconomic problems therefore beyondsdg aims to understand the necessary conditions for longterm sustainability including achieving sdgs based on the following specific objectives i identify critical targets for prioritising sdgs ii investigate the effects of underachieving sdgs on longterm sustainability beyond 2030 and iii identify sustainability targets for the post2030 development agenda for this beyondsdg will apply a threefold scientific approach that combines statistical analysis of empirical and modelled data qualitative analysis of literature and knowledge cocreation with stakeholders including sectoral experts and policymakers based on systems thinking this combination of three approaches is complementary and essential to deal with the complex topic of longterm sustainability consequently beyondsdg will lead to a breakthrough in interdisciplinary research by combining approaches from sustainability science earth system modelling and environment and resource management mainly it will bring the following groundbreaking findings critical targets where adequate actions can lead to progress across most sdgs negative impacts of underachieving sdgs on people the planet and prosperity required extra efforts for longterm sustainability besides achieving sdgs and sustainability targets for the post2030 agenda based on lessons learned from sdgs stateoftheart science and stakeholder partnerships
biocultural roots of diversity and inequality in mexico 500 years of mestizo stories

transatlantic contact during the 1400s ignited a series of socioeconomic political demographic and biocultural changes that irreversibly transformed the course of history in the americas with repercussions across the world but one of the most influential encounters occurred in 1519 between the mexica empire and the spanish and african troops of hernn cortes in the basin of todays mexico the transformational consequences were unparalleled at the time but equally consequential is the way that the socalled conquest of mexico has been portrayed over the last five centuries influencing how the populations involved in this iconic event have perceived themselves and their societies overtime of particular significance is the process of mestizaje admixture and its conceptualisation admixture is a common biological phenomenon in human history but the perception of mestizaje in the context of this event is far more complex than a mere biological procedure it is a complex biocultural process shaped by fluctuating social cultural biological and historic circumstantial eventsthe recently commemorated quincentennial anniversary of this event and the debates surrounding it highlighted that the underlying biocultural forces driving mestizaje leading to the presentday population diversity of mexico remain contested admexture will explore historical biological effects of social inequalities with particular emphasis on sex bias and differential reproduction patterns in the survival and distribution of diversity by generating serial multisource osteobiographies based on the latest experimental and analytical bioarcheological techniques admexture will deliver crucial data to be incorporated in stateoftheart historic debates these individual microhistories will provide examples of real participants in this process contributing to a more inclusive and representative history
hydrogen economy benefits and risks tools development and policies implementation to mitigate possible climate impacts

hydrogen is undoubtely the most talkedabout carbonfree energy vector however policymakers and citizens that are supporting hydrogen largescale penetration in the energy sector should not only be aware of the evident benefits but also of potential safety and climatic risks driven by a long term hydrogenbased economy hydra will start from the evaluation of policies and directives on hydrogen technologies to derive the actual penetration rate of h2 in the market and evaluate atmospheric emissions of hydrogen and other gases linked to production processes or leakages the project will then model socioeconomic and energy scenarios considering land use and water consumption due to the future deployment of a hydrogen economy the possible impact on the atmosphere will be assessed considering the interaction of h2 with the oxidizing cycles of ch4 co n2o and o3 and the possible increase in water vapor concentrations finally estimating the overall radiative forcing hydra will also assess the possible contribution of soil in removing h2 from the atmosphere climatic projections will simulate possible climate change scenarios caused by the hydrogen economy to which hydra will respond proposing guidlines and mitigation actions finally since hydrogenair mixes are highly imflammable and h2 leakages can represent a serious safety issue along the whole value chain hydra will develop a remotecontrol monitoring tool the hydra tool will detect and quantify hydrogen leakages to increase the saefty of hydrogenbased technologies and prevent unecessary emissions to the atmosphere the monitoring system will also be able to detect emissions of other gases so that also possible impurities can be taken into account the monitoring tool will be tested in a facility where a large scale h2 storage infrastructure will be available experimental and modeling activities will also be useful to update the lca methodology in assessing the environmental impact of hydrogen technologies
demonstrator of systemic solutions for the territorial deployment of the circular economy in the trilateral chemical region with a focus on plastic waste streams quality for recycling

syschemiq will demonstrate how to migrate to a circular urbanindustrial crossborder district ie the chemelot circular hub cch in the trilateral euregio of nl be and de a circular economy action plan and a 4beur investment agenda 20202030 are available stakeholder involvement schemes are in place to allow governance within an ecosystem regional government municipality industries educational and research institutes utilities and cluster management a new way of working to overcome keybottlenecks investment decisions have been made to set up mechanical recycling 4kta and a 150 m semiindustrial 18kta chemical pilot recycling plant to run demos with optimised reallife mixed plastic waste mpw streams we will demo systemic solutions 1 a novel dualtrack multistakeholder governance model underpinned by the recently developed plastic recycling impact scenario prism model trl6 and cims digitaltwin 2 the cch circular governance model trl6 3 communitybased innovation schemes a circular city lab citizens incentives schemes incubator and novel skills development and innovation programmes with students vocational professional and academic in a circular learning lab chill 4 new plastic waste collection sorting standardsprotocols and technologies eg prototype sorting line trl6 for alignment of material flows in the value chain 5 new design rules trl 5 for plastic packaging products favouring mechanical and chemical recycling considering circa 11 mt of mpw in nl and 30 mt in eu scenario calculations promise huge savings of 114 mt co2 eqa and 190 kta virgin polyolefins business modelling and upscaling study will prepare investments in a 100400 kta fullscale recycling facility a structured twinning programme with at least 5 selected regions incl flanders and lombardy will foster replication with the support of eu platform organisations ecrn pre and in collaboration with the ccri
a zero waste process for producing all natural biodegradable replacement additives for synthetic polymers and microspheres

we are now discovering the harmful effects of synthetic additives plastics on the human body ecosystems due to advancements in research technology to address the problems derived from synthetic additives product formulators across the industry are actively scouting for new bio based biodegradable sustainable alternatives such as seed kernels clay silica modified starchescellulose while these new bioplastic solutions are improvements over the unnatural additives the proposed solutions are neither biodegradable nor have the ability to be customized to the particular product they are used in bioweg have developed a sustainable process which uses waste material from industry to produce all natural customizable biodegradable replacement additives for these harmful synthetic polymers and microspheres during the proposed eic project the company will look undertake end user trials scale up the production process and automate it to prepare for large scale orders