Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
ethics and moral life in the 18th century a new take on early modern ethics

early modern ethics has so far been investigated with regard to the debates on the foundations of morality moral knowledge and the status of moral principles despite their achievements the main limit of previous studies is that they have largely disregarded the distinctive purpose of ethics in that age that is to provide guidance about specific moral issues even the discussion on the abstract topics on which most studies have focused was in fact sustained by the purpose of providing the appropriate tools for leading a good life this applies especially to 18thcentury moral philosophers who devoted most of their efforts to an allencompassing examination of the most significant demands in all areas of morality presenting themselves as moral experts in sharp contrast to previous scholarship the present project centres on that underlying ambition the focus will be the raison detre of 18thcentury treatments of morality that is to provide practical guidance thereby the project intends to reorient the studies on the history of early modern ethics the proposed research will be highly innovative both 1 because of its topics and 2 because of its approach 1 the project gives prominence to neglected clusters of issues that defined the main concern of 18thcentury moral philosophers the duties to oneself and others the moral relevance of our conduct towards animals the extent of disagreement about moral questions2 unlike most current scholarship the investigation will have not a monographic but a thematic and comparative approach examining different takes on the same issueson both sides the project has in view an impact that goes well beyond the mere scope of the proposed research by suggesting a much broader perspective on a distinctive contribution of philosophy to european culture which offers insights on currently much discussed issues about the status and aims of ethics
the representative disconnect diagnosis and strategies for rectification

the focus of redirect is to study the current transformation of democratic polities in europe to realise whether and how their centres of gravity are shifting and to improve our understanding of the representative disconnect a multidimensional phenomenon of regression of the demoskratos linkage involving institutional behavioral and affective components redirect moves from the idea to study representative democracy in a comprehensive manner connecting several relevant dimensions of analysis in order to extract sustainable ideas and viable instruments to cope with the current problems of democracy in flux these in turn will allow a parsimonious formulation of remedies to be activated both at the institutional level ie assuring a future to crucial mediating bodies of representatives democracy like parties leaders parliamentary institutions and at the level of civil societyin parallel to a critical review of the theoretical reflection on representative democracy an interdisciplinary and multilevel approach to several empirical dimensions of the phenomenon of representative disconnect will be offered focusing on several topics the crisis of representation trust in institutions and political representatives political personalization political individualism masslite congruence social and media discontent the longterm outcomes expected from the project mark the passage from the diagnosis to the strategies for rectification indeed redirect aims at provides a number of pragmatical recommendations to rearrange the demoskratos relationship along a twoway street of intervention the topdown way of institutional reforms ie legislative and procedural innovation to ensure transparency and full information to citizens and the bottomup way of a stronger liaison between citizens and mediating bodies ie remobilizing citizens via digitalization diffusion of share values of social sustainability and civic education
businessdriven systemic solutions for sustainable plastic packaging reuse schemes in mass market applications

buddiepack is a circular economy project aiming at implementing a systemic approach for the largescale deployment of reusable plastic packaging rpp based on a multidisciplinary approach combining social technological and economic innovations the project will take advantage of behavioural innovation to promote consumers acceptance of rpp by analysing drivers and analyzing consumerspsychology of reuse sound synergies with technological innovations will be developed to manufacture packaging fulfilling the demanding requirements of rpp based on innovative designs and recyclable materials the project will focus on innovative cleaning solutions to guarantee the safety of consumers against the possible contamination and ageing of rpp during their repeated use and the durability of the functional properties up to 300 cycles viable economic models will ensure the sustainability of the proposed solutions thanks to the profitability of stakeholderss throughout the value chain including solutions based on social solidarity economy models the project outcomes will be demonstrated under the supervision of rpp manufacturers and users logisticians cleaning and recycling experts through 6 mass market business cases in real environment at trl8 an unprecedented cleaning pilot line dedicated to rpp and allowing scale economies will be set up policy recommendations and prestandardisation activities on rpp designs and cleaning protocols will prepare the markets for the mass deployment of rpp preventive measures will be put in place to eliminate any release of microplastics during rpp use the project will avoid each year the production of nearly 544m of singleuse packaging reduce the consumption of virgin plastics by 103ktons of water by 1b to 185b litres avoid 303 660ktons of co2 emissions 37ktons of microplastics leaking in eu seas
predicting protein evolutionary trajectories toward resistance against antiretroviral treatments

drug resistant mutations can appear when the selective pressure given by a pharmacological treatment causes the evolution ofpathogen proteins towards variants that become unaffected by the drug currently to select therapies against pathogens genotypicresistance analyses and tables of resistance mutations are employed to decide the best treatment for the patients however thesescreenings ignore evolutionary changes that can appear as pathogens adapt potentially leading to drug resistance to address thislimitation the prediction of which variants are more probable to occur in the pathogen population can be useful in selecting a prioritherapies active against those variants before their potential expansion toward reservoirs more inaccessible to drugs in this proposedwork i will apply molecular evolution and computational structural biology techniques to evaluate the evolutionary trajectories ofhiv1 drug targets proteins that lead to resistance against common antiretroviral treatments i will calculate protein fitness landscapesbased on protein folding stability and activity also considering binding to inhibitors next i will use evolutionary information fromprotein fitness landscapes to improve substitution models of evolution the evolutionary trajectories predicted by combiningsubstitution models and fitness landscapes will be validated through comparisons with real data from monitored hiv1 populationsevolved in vitro and in vivo finally i will focus on calculating the probability of evolutionary trajectories toward resistancevariants this research has the potential to improve the selection of therapies for pathogens by providing predictive tools thatconsider the evolutionary dynamics of these microorganisms furthermore the results of the project have the potential to be abreakthrough in the field of molecular evolution as this methodology could also be applied to predict the evolution of otherpathogens
high performance language technologies

high performance language technologies hplt is a space combining petabytes of natural language data with largescale model training with trillions of words of text the space will be the largest open text collection cleaning and privacy protecting services improve the quality and ethical properties of the text going beyond static repositories that require the user to individually analyze each data set the project will rate data sets by how much they improve endtoend language models and machine translation systems continuous integration of models and data will result in free downloadable highquality models for all official european union languages and beyond the models will be reproducible with information and evaluation metrics shown in a publicly available dashboard by focusing on training at scale the project complements the inferencefocused european language grid which in turn will be used for model deployment datasets models and information about them will be published in recognized fair data repositories aggregation catalogues and marketplaces for easy discovery access replication and exploitation
radioactive decontamination in fukushima and the fabric of a collective memory

during the years following the nuclear accident of fukushima daiichi in japan a decontamination work was undertaken by japanese authorities in the prefecture of fukushima on a scale unprecedented even compared with the decontamination following the chernobyl nuclear accident around 16 000 workers removed more than 20 million m3 of radioactive soil for a cost estimated at 24 bn my project radmemco aims to understand the genesis of this decontamination work focusing on the collective memory of disasters in their argumentation concerning the fukushima crisis the managers of the plant frequently use analogies with diverse earlier crises to explain and cope with this new type of disaster they have compared the ongoing decontamination process for example with the techniques used in the past by japanese peasants to remove the ashes of the soils after a volcanic eruption the radmemco project asks did a particular japanese way of dealing with disasters play a role in the choice of a largescale radioactive decontamination in the affected areas of fukushima conversely did this decontamination work influence the perception and collective memory of the nuclear accident of fukushima daiichi to answer these questions i will engage in an ethnographic study of actors of this decontamination work in the village of iitate situated about 40 km northwest of the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant the evacuation order was lifted in 2017 but few inhabitants decided to return among them two citizen groups are monitoring constantly the levels of radioactivity and seek to develop various ways of coping with the situation one group that i will follow in particular composed of local peasants and agronomists of the university of tokyo experiments with and designs new techniques to remove the radioactivity from the fields doing so they might remove the radionuclides not only from the soils but also from the collective memory of this disaster
green organic and printed ultrahigh frequency identification tags

greta will lay the foundation of the first green printed and flexible organic wireless identification tag operating at ultrahigh frequency uhf 300 mhz 1 ghz the longterm vision is to enable remote powering and readout of tags up to meters distance range as required in logistics and security without the need of a battery and with drastically reduced lifecycle impact and costing with respect to any available passive radiofrequency identification rfid technology to achieve such overarching goal greta aims at groundbreaking progress along two specific complementary actions action 1 removing present barriers preventing sustainability of printed organic electronics by tackling the most environmental and economically impactful aspects yet seldom addressed of organics synthesis and processing action 2 demonstrating unprecedented uhf operation of printed organic electronicsmeasurable objectives of greta are objective 1 green synthesis and development of sustainable and biodegradable materials action 1 objective 2 sustainable inks formulations for largearea printing tools action 1 objective 3 uhf electronics based on sustainable printed organic semiconductors action 2 objective 4 enable an ecodesigned printed uhf wireless tag with sustainable lifecycle objective 4 is dedicated to demonstrators of the entire effort greta uhf tag demonstrating rectification of a 400 mhz wave to enable a code generator and greta uhf logic demonstrating a sustainable printed integrated 4bit shift register greta perfectly matches the scope of the call as it serves emerging digitalization needs in logistics healthcare and security without adding ewaste independent from the silicon industry and from any critical raw material and delivering safe materials for the environment greta will quantify its drastically reduced environmental impact with a full lca along a cradletograve approach anticipating endoflife scenarios
testimony of stones a new method in ancient traffic analysis

stone architectural elements are perhaps the most ancient witnesses of an archaeological site among those thresholdpaving stones are elements that take place almost at the first stage during the construction of the place repetitive pedestrian or vehicle movement gradually leaves a mark this is most visible on thresholds or paving stones the usewear can be used to estimate which places and roads were used more archaeologists are almost always successful in identifying spaces of movement from micro to macro scales but only rarely can they understand the intensity frequency of past movement with experimental methods in the field of rock mechanics the abrasion caused by pedestrian traffic on rocks per unit time are calculated in a controlled setting on the other hand such data unless there is a written record are unavailable for the archaeologist and the only evidence available is an abraded stone the main aim of this research is to understand ancient traffic flow between spaces and to go beyond descriptive mappingbased strategies the methodology will examine the thresholdpaving stones that were already unearthed and abrasion resistance data will be determined by experimental methods rock mechanics experimental archaeology etc following the analysis phase the project will build an agentbased model to explore movement in and between spaces mainly to investigate emergent characteristics of urban traffic in this way it can be stated that the proposal of the research is innovative in this aspect as it will create a concrete and new line of research and interpretation of archaeological contexts and will allow the testing of existing models finally an other deliverable of the project is to investigate ways of reducing physical threat to cultural heritage by means of creating a new form of emergent risk assessment
phage coinfection a missing link in deciphering phage coevolutionary dynamics

phage genomes represent an impressive mosaicism with different genomic regions having distinct evolutionary histories resulting from horizontal gene transfer by initiating an estimated 1025 bacterial infections globally every second phages encounter and recombine with dna of the host or of prophage origin further adding to their genome mosaicism accumulating evidence including from my work suggest that the simultaneous infection of bacterial host by multiple phages coinfection could also be an important driver of phage genome evolution however methodological limitations have so far prevented rigorous testing of this hypothesis due to failure of studying phage coinfection in natural settings multiphage will overcome these limitations by developing a novel approach for precisely deciphering how phage coinfection governs the coevolutionary dynamics of phage genomes by pursuing three objectives first my team will quantify the prevalence of phage coinfection by constructing phagehost infection networks then we will decipher the coevolutionary relations of phage genes with no detectable sequence homology using the novel concept of clusters of orthologous structures coss and reconstructing structural phylogeny finally we will unearth phagephage interaction and coinfection strategies in high resolution by taking advantage of cultured model systems containing multiple phages coinfecting a single bacterial host population to achieve these objectives we will combine integrated omics methods metahic proximity ligation longread metagenomic sequencing and singlecell amplified genomics coss and structural phylogeny with highresolution experimental confirmation of coinfection strategies with its groundbreaking approach multiphage will transform our view of phagehost coevolution by uncovering how phage coinfection and broad host range modulate the complexity of the infection network clarifying its enigmatic coevolutionary dynamics
deciphering the role of c2h2 zinc finger transcription factors during primate neocortex development and evolution

the neocortex is a fascinating brain structure as it is the seat of mammalian and notably primate higher cognitive abilities in the primate lineage different neocortex morphology in form of size and folding differences has evolved the development of the neocortex and particularly of the different neocortex morphology depends primarily on the precise regulation of the activity and behavior of cortical neural stem and progenitor cells cnpcs a regulation that is primarily mediated by transcription factors one of the largest transcription factor families is the c2h2 zinc finger transcription factors c2h2zftfs which also significantly expanded during primate evolution previous studies suggest that these transcription factors could be important regulators of primate neocortex development and evolution here i propose that differential expression of these c2h2zftfs is one essential cause of the differences in neocortex morphology between different primate species to address this hypothesis i plan to first identify expression differences of c2h2zftfs in cnpcs of different primate species by transcriptome analysis of fetal human macaque and marmoset neocortex these differences will then be tested for a functional role in cnpcs using electroporation and stable genetic modification of brain organoids finally for c2h2zftfs with a functional role in cnpcs the downstream gene regulatory network will be uncovered by identification of the indirect and direct targets using rnaseq and chipexo of in vitro differentiated neural progenitor cells this will lead to a better understanding of the role of c2h2zftfs in the regulation of cnpcs while also identifying their contribution to primate neocortex development and evolution that has led to different primate neocortex morphology this is also likely to provide novel insights into the formation of cortical malformations eg microcephaly or lissencephaly
sustainable circular economy transition from industrial symbiosis to hubs for circularity

existing heavily industrialized areas are currently incapable of adopting largescale industrial symbioses in terms of shared technologyinfrastructure use waste integration energy and material utilization as well as expanding through surrounding ecosystems in an inclusive manner for the society despite many of the eus key strategic priorities in sustainable regional development within this context is2h4c proposes an ambitious and efficient innovation and action workplan to develop several solutions for the development of hubs for circularity h4c in diverse industrial areas of process industry surrounded by rural andor urban settings in the netherlands germany spain and turkey the workplan is shaped by development and deployment of most innovative sustainable technologies and infrastructure integration in four demo hubs and is supported by groundbreaking research on societal governmental and business innovation for h4c is2h4c scales up industrial areas to h4c via implementing systemic change and integrating the surrounding ecosystems to industrial areas the project implements a digital collaboration platform to manage the resource infrastructure and informationsharing within h4c via embedding of decisionsupport modules in the platform is2h4c has the ambition of reducing the energy use waste emissions and carbon emissions by at least 10 20 and 30 respectively is2h4c will contribute to pave the path towards the development of h4c based on the circularity and resilience requirements of existing and future industrial zones and their surrounding ecosystems by prioritizing resource efficiency maximizing use of renewable energy prevention of waste and promoting industrialurbanrural symbiosis via reuse and recycling of unavoidable solid liquid and gas waste streams all in all is2h4cs biggest ambition is to promote h4c as europes future sustainable regional development models
how a pinch of salt makes all the difference for sustainable fuels and chemicals the role of promoters to catalyse the production of low carbon fuels

our large noncircular use of fossil fuels is the main cause of rapid climate change and resource depletion co2 capture followed by conversion back into fuels would be attractive the feasibility of this route depends critically on new catalysts that allow quick co2 hydrogenation to desired products most manmade catalysts are supported metal nanoparticles the influence of the type of metal particle size and metalsupport interaction are increasingly well understood also due to major contributions from my group in contrast the influence of the addition of a few foreign atoms promoter has so far hardly been investigated for new reactions such as co2 conversion while it can have a far larger impact on catalyst activity selectivity and stability my aim is to explore and understand promoters and design new promoted catalysts several challenges must be overcome such as measuring the structure under working conditions and unravelling the complex interplay between promoters and other catalyst components i will combine 1 carbonbased model supports which allows isolating metalpromoter interaction from other effects 2 emerging atomic scale characterisation and 3 high throughput testing under relevant high pressure working conditions using these tools i will address fundamental questions such aswhat is the nature of reducible metal oxide promoters and their interaction with the active metal co2 and reaction intermediates under working conditionshow does the structure of alkali promoters explain their influence on the rate of co2 hydrogenationcan we tune the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates such as adsorbed co to obtain product distributions far from equilibriuma detailed understanding of the electronic and structural interaction between metal nanoparticles and promoters is crucial to rationally design catalysts to selectively effectively and in a stable manner convert co2 and h2 into valuable fuels