Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
superresolution microscopy for semiconductor metrology

superresolution microscopy has revolutionized imaging by breaking what was believed to be unbreakable the diffraction limit which determines what a microscope can resolve however many disciplines in science and engineering cannot benefit from superresolution microscopy because practically all current superresolution microscopes require fluorescence often introduced by labelling that is chemically modifying the samples of interest the semiconductor industry is the driver of digitization by producing ever smaller integrated circuits for faster computer chips and has worldwide importance the critical dimensions of the latest generation of chips are in the nanometer range enabled by the breakthrough technology of extremeultraviolet nanolithography an efficient production process requires constant quality inspection of the printed features either directly on the integrated circuits or on dedicated metrology targets however the resolution of current alloptical microscopybased metrology methods cannot keep pace with the fast development of smaller structures by nanolithographywithin my erc starting grant i demonstrated that highharmonic generation that is the frequency upconversion of laser pulses can be optically suppressed and spatially confined in semiconductors without the need for labelling this can be utilized as subdiffraction emission for superresolution scanning microscopy i will further develop this technique in microsem in order to reach resolution below 100 nm in a conventional optical microscope operating in the visible and ultraviolet region without the need of complicated vacuum equipment this will enable crucial applications for semiconductor wafer metrology i will demonstrate new indevice metrology and pave the way for additional advanced atresolution metrology schemes to ensure knowledge transfer i enlisted one of the key players in the semiconductor industry as collaborator for microsem
neutrino quantum kinetics

this project aims at solving one of the most urgent riddles in particle astrophysics how neutrinos affect the physics of spectacular cosmic fireworks in the death of massive stars as corecollapse supernova explosions and in the merger of two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole neutrinos are feebly interacting particles copiously produced in these dense sources neutrinos exist in three different kinds or flavors and have the fascinating property of changing their flavor while propagating flavor conversion because of the high density of neutrinos in the core of supernovae or compact binary mergers flavor conversion becomes a nonlinear phenomenon whose understanding is quite preliminary in particular a fully multidimensional solution of quantum transport of neutrinos is lacking halting any assessment of the implications and phenomenology of flavor mixing i propose the ambitious anet advanced neutrino transport project to 1 develop an innovative approach to tackle neutrino transport in the presence of flavor conversion in multidimensions including all the relevant microphysics for the first time 2 pioneer a conclusive evaluation of the yet poorly explored impact of neutrinos in dense sources 3 unravel the relevance of neutrino mixing with respect to other astrophysical unknowns numerical simulations buttressed by analytic diagnostic methods will be employed to radically advance our understanding anet promises to have profound implications on fundamental physics the origin of the heavy elements as well as our comprehension of the behavior of matter at extreme densities and the physics of neutrinodense sources
sensing and modelbased approach for reliable and timely bridge rehabilitation enhancement

effective and timely bridge maintenance is critical to ensure their longterm structural integrity and safety this project presents an innovative approach to bridge maintenance that integrates acceleration data collected via smartphone from vehicles crossing the bridge daily into the continuous process of updating finite element models femu the project develops a strategic maintenance plan for bridges that optimizes resource allocation and improves the overall performance of bridge structures the integration of acceleration data with the continuous femu enables a comprehensive assessment of the structural condition of a bridge and realtime monitoring acceleration data collected using smartphones is used to extract the dynamic response of the bridge under different load conditions and integrated into a finite element model of the structure and its continuous updating the model is updated to accurately represent the current state and performance characteristics of the bridge by combining real data with computer models this project provides engineers and maintenance professionals with deep insight into structural behavior this information serves as the basis for developing a strategic maintenance plan the plan includes recommendations for inspections repairs and maintenance actions based on the actual condition of the bridge prioritizing critical areas that require immediate attention this innovative approach improves safety by enabling proactive maintenance and reducing the risk of unexpected structural failures it also optimizes government budgets for maintenance by efficiently allocating resources to areas where they are most needed thereby extending the life of bridge structures and minimizing downtime for repairs in summary it represents a significant advance in bridge maintenance practice ensuring the longterm durability and safety of critical infrastructure while optimizing the use of resources
telemonitoring of home dialysis utilizing a smart biomimetic arteriovenous graft

clinical need 10 of the population worldwide is affected by chronic kidney disease ckd and millions die each year because they do not have access to treatment giving global shortage of kidney donors the vast majority of patients rely on hemodialysis hd over 26m people worldwide currently receive hd to stay alive yet this number may only represent 10 of people needing treatmentsolution up to 70 of current arteriovenous grafts avg fail in the first year after implantation this is primarily due to thrombosis luminal scar formation and infection in our groundbreaking new avg biomimicking zwitterions prevent thrombosis drug delivery prevents scar formation and infection and an ecm coating ensures fast tissue integration allowing early hdsmart telegraft comprises two diagnostic tools to monitor and prevent device complication pressure transmitters are used to monitor blood flow and optical sensors to detect inflammation and infections the data is processed by ai machine learning models and displayed in an easy to understand dashboard for healthcare professionals the data allows online telemonitoring and consultations by remote healthcare professionals this makes home dialysis safe for patients even in areas with poor infrastructure where patients live far from hd clinicssurgical implantation the telegraft system will be demonstrated in an operational environment through a 2stage randomized clinical trial enrolling 60 patients at 5 hospitals across europe and through a home hd field studyresource constrained setting 1 in low and middle income countries telegraft will substitute complicated and expensive kidney transplantation and allow simpler and cheap implantation of avg for hd 2 telegraft is the only solution with diagnostic tools allowing realtime online detection and remote monitoring of complications and device failure this allows transition from hd at the hospital to the resource constrained home setting
enhancing transport in open magnon systems

there is a great need for new energyefficient technologies to meet the everincreasing energy demands of the 21st century the field of magnonics aims to address this need by developing nanoscale magnonic devices that use magnons the excitations of magnetic materials as information carriers because magnons do not require electric currents they are much more energy efficient than electronbased technologies however the transport of magnon signals over long distances remains a key challenge limiting the development of a mature magnonics platform the central objective of the openmag project is to meet this challenge by harnessing the coupling of magnons to their environment this renders the magnon transport nonhermitian opening up pathways to engineer the enhancement of magnon transport openmag will thus open up the field of nonhermitian spintronics the study of the spin degree of freedom in nonhermitian systems this will be accomplished through two strategies 1 the interaction of magnons with photons in a cavity and 2 the development of nonhermitian magnon topological phases through magnonelectron interactions these strategies will initially be developed in ferromagnets which allows openmag to make use of their wellunderstood magnetization dynamics using insights from ferromagnetic materials openmag will develop nonhermitian spintronics in antiferromagnets and altermagnets which will enable access to fast dynamics and downsizing to the nanoscale two crucial milestones in magnonicsthe openmag project will be carried out at the johannes gutenberg university jgu mainz under supervision of prof sinova who leads a worldrenowned theory group in spintronics and nanoelectronics over the past decades his group has developed the theoretical foundations of antiferromagnets and altermagnets and is thus the perfect host for building the field of nonhermitian spintronics in antiferromagnets and altermagnets
multivariate optoacoustic sensor for longitudinal diabetes monitoring

mosaic will radically miniaturize noninvasive optoacoustic technology and make it portable by coupling optoacoustic sensing to novel explainable artificial intelligence xai to monitor a major health threat in the 21st century diabetes mellitus mosaic is based on recent advances on optoelectronic miniaturization and uses the skin as a window to dermal microvasculature and resolves a large number of biomarkers associated with diabetes the technology is offered as a fast sensor that is inexpensive and reliable entirely noninvasive and portable and supported by elaborate quality control monitoring so that it can be employed for longterm patient monitoring based on proofofconcept human measurements xai will further independently characterize the predictive power of each biomarker and other clinical measurements to improve accuracy for continuous grading of disease status impact with 537 million diabetics and a large atrisk population mosaic potentially relates to 2b people and aims to reach more individuals than is practical to screen in medical facilities it offers early diabetes detection for early interventions as well as treatment monitoring improving life expectancy quality of life and reducing healthcare costs innovation the sensor addresses 5 barriers to successful adoption it is noninvasive senses highly multiplexed biomarkers it can be easily integrated into daily routine and uses fully automated dataanalytics mosaic synergistically integrates 3 teams on sensor developments data analytics and xai one preclinical and one clinical team for sensor validation in mice and humans respectively and an sme for exploitation
oncodir evidencebased participatory decision making for cancer prevention through implementation research

colorectal cancer crc is one of the most common cancer types and its increased occurrence may be attributable to adverse health behaviors especially in lower socioeconomic status populations stemming from the specific risk factors identified with crc oncodir integrates multidisciplinary research methods from health policy analytics social and behavioural science aipowered multiomics and retrospective data analytics as well as decision support theories to deliver evidencebased cancer prevention programmes and innovative aipowered personalised prevention approaches oncodir recognises that the evaluation of the oncodir prevention programmes needs to address cost effectiveness affordability and cost benefit parameters thus it will also investigate cost balancing and demand generating financial schemes that will lead to enhanced crc prevention programmes the coherent technological ecosystem that oncodir is developing is based on robust ai trustworthiness and privacy preserving principles to deploy recommendation services that will be specified by citizens health policy actors and ssh experts during three design thinking workshops ssh research will address aspects such as the lifestatus nutritional and social habits in tandem with economics sociology and localregional cultural identity and ethics oncodirs results will be validated in three laboratory integration tests lits and three largescale intervention pilots lips in five eu member states with the active involvement of medical scientists health care providers foundations and consortium experts the oncodir consortium is composed of complementary partners coming from multidisciplinary research technological and ssh domains with a proven track record of highquality research capacity the carefully structured workplan embodies a holistic approach toward meeting the oncodir objectives and delivering feasible policysupporting outcomes of significant exploitation potential this action is part of the cancer mission cluster of projects on prevention and early detection
role of minerals in preservation of sedimentary ancient dna

sedimentary ancient dna sedadna is dna associated with nonrecent sediments sedadna are found to persist in the environment for geologically relevant timescales and have gained significant popularity for palaeoecological reconstructions and unravelling past biodiversity free dna molecules degrade within days to weeks in the environment due exposure to nucleases uv radiation temperature fluctuations and slow spontaneous hydrolysis the adsorption of dna to mineral surfaces in sediments appear to preserve dna molecules but we do still not understand how mineralogy and soil and sediment conditions affect dna retention preservation and recovery with more quantitative knowledge of dnamineral interactions we can better address the preservation potential in a deposit unravel the source area of the extracted dna and develop extraction protocols that provide a higher yield it is known that the dnamineral affinity and adsorption strength vary across mineral and environmental conditions and a strong dnamineral association can be speculated to offer a greater preservation potential in contrast to a week dnamineral interaction where there would be available bonds for participation in the degradation process it is also unclear how coadsorbed biomolecules influence sedadna retention and preservation the aim of mindna is to obtain insights into the mechanisms and processes affecting dna stability on mineral surfaces mindna will take a multidisciplinary approach to obtain quantitative bond parameters adsorption and degradation measures at the bulk and molecular level as well as performing molecular and bulk level in situ experiments to understand the dynamics of the reactions further the chemistry and nature of the interacting bonds will be quantified using novel ftir techniques the gained knowledge will be combined into a conceptual model that can be used by a broad range of researchers to advance the resolution and scope of sedadna applications
biocp3dink advancing biocompatible 3d printing inks for nextgeneration applications

the biocp3dink project aspires to bolster the european research area era by creating an innovative breed of conductive ink this biodegradable biocompatible and entirely organic ink uniquely boasts inherent autocrosslinking capabilityan unparalleled trait in its category this breakthrough engenders synergistic attributes by amalgamating hydrogel and conjugated polymers cp paving the way for developing novel soft and disposable sensors printed electronics biocp3dink offers a fresh perspective on this issue by crafting a conjugated polymer that combines thiophene and lactams through imine bonds enhanced with acrylate functionalization distinguishing itself from existing inks biocp3dink stands out as the first ink i based on biocompatible and biodegradable cp undergoing lactam and imine hydrolysis and ii capable of selfcrosslinking via dlp 3d printing utilizing acrylic groups thereby heralding an innovative breakthrough in the fieldthis objective delves into innovative avenues to address a paramount challenge of our era the creation of fully bioabsorbable implantable devices and the mitigation of ewaste pollution in doing so we aim to enhance quality of life and advance sustainability globally
algorithms of information transfer between zebrafish individuals from perceptual decisions to collective behavior

rapid information exchange between individuals is key to coordinated behavior in a traffic lane a welltimed brake can signal the presence of an obstacle to the drivers behind avoiding a vehicle pileup in a crowd of people individuals can infer the position of an obscured exit from the movement of their neighbors how do individual behavioral patterns enable efficient information transfer in a group animal biodiversity displays a vast amount of remarkable collective phenomena that can provide us insight into this question such as the behavior of fish schools manifesting almost instantaneous information transfer between individuals the interzeb project will use zebrafish as a model system to experimentally establish the behavioral algorithms that enable individuals to transmit information within a group by employing immersive virtual reality techniques for freelyswimming fish the project will pursue two objectives1 extracting the functions that enable information transfer from individuals in the front leaders to those in the back followers arranged in long transmission chains2 establishing how information transfer in the above settings is modulated by feedback sent by followers to leadersthe resulting algorithms will be implemented in agentbased models and tested in collective simulations as well as in hybrid interactions between multiple fish and algorithmcontrolled virtual avatars the achievement of the projects objectives will provide a substantial contribution to linking individual decisionmaking and collective animal behavior will foster interdisciplinary exchange and will offer potential inspiration for biomimetic technologies the project will also strongly contribute to the researchers professional growth by granting interdisciplinary training leadership and mastering of cuttingedge methodologies for the study of behavior
lowcost highthroughput quantitative phase microscopy

highcontent screening is rapidly gaining traction across the biological sciences as a means to acquire more detailed data and test more hypotheses in an unprecedentedly rapid and systematic manner however a key issue identified by its users is that the instrumentation costs are too high with systems typically costing from 150000800000 this limits ownership of the instruments to wellfunded research labs and in doing so excludes a significant portion of the multi billion usd potential market this project aims to target this unserved lower end of the market with a competitive highcontent screening platform costing just 10000to achieve this well employ a novel quantitative phase imaging method originally developed for xray imaging as part of an erc starting grant the method allows us to make microscopes much simpler and less expensive without sacrificing image quality so far weve successfully demonstrated that our new imaging approach is fast robust and can be readily utilized in such a lowcost screening system moreover our ip is novel protectable and in the process of being patented this project will take the next steps towards commercialization by developing our prototype into a minimum viable product and by carrying out extensive research into the market and customer base to determine the optimum price point develop a fieldtested sales pipeline and revenue model and create a robust business plan for the eventual spinout companyour decision to pursue the market for lowcost devices carries significant risk in that it necessitates high market penetration to achieve sufficient sales volume however should we successfully mitigate this risk eg via focused development of the sales strategy our endeavor will eliminate the main entry barrier to highthroughput life science research empower a new demographic of users with cuttingedge research tools and address the growing issue of inequality in research and healthcare
elucidating the interplay between nuclear compartments and transcriptional dynamics during differentiation

development is driven by transcriptional programs where specific gene regulatory networks grn control genes on several time scales however the extent to which transcriptional dynamics are coordinated for different genes and how the differential downregulation of the progenitor grn determines cell fate remains poorly understood this in part due to the difficulty of measuring genomewide transcription with temporal resolution in complex developmental systems plus transcription occurs in the nuclear context where the nucleoplasm is compartmentalized into a variety of highly dynamic condensates known as membraneless organelles mlos which include nucleoli pml promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies pmlnbs and nuclear speckles nss the homeostasis of these mlos changes during differentiation but their impact on transcription and lineage commitment remains elusive in dynadiff i aim to investigate the link between pmlnbs and nss and transcriptional regulation during mammalian differentiation by 1 developing singlecell rna sequencing scrnaseq methods to characterize transcriptional dynamics in mouse and human embryonic stem cells mhescs during the exit from pluripotency 2 determining the role of pmlnbs and nss on transcriptional dynamics during differentiation and 3 assessing the role of pmlnbs and nss in organizing chromatin conformation and its link to active transcription i recently made a significant technological breakthrough finally bringing longawaited temporal resolution to scrnaseq this expertise in combination with my background in highthroughput microscopy and computational analysis allows me to lead and conduct dynadiff successfully finally hescs have the potential to form cell types from the three primary germ layers our knowledge of this system is paramount to understand human early embryonic development for the treatment of developmental disorders and for the development of regenerative medicine