Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
household chemicals amplifying urban aerosol pollution

urban aerosol particles are one of the largest human health hazards globally a significant fraction of urban aerosol is secondary ie formed via atmospheric chemical reactions of emitted trace gases with secondary organic aerosol soa driving health impacts in urban air decades of air quality regulations have substantially reduced the motor vehicle emissions of organic compounds that act as precursors to soa pollution in my recent studies we show for the first time that volatile chemical products vcps from household chemicals are becoming one of the largest sources of organic vapors in us cities based on their chemical properties the potential of vcps to form soa is expected to be high but is as yet unknown with chemical transport models showing a general shortfall in predicting urban soa vcps are anticipated to be the missing source to bridge this longstanding knowledge gap the aim of chanel is to provide unprecedented data to resolve the urban soa pollution puzzle and identify the key vcp precursors to aerosol pollution using recent advances in stateoftheart chemical ionization mass spectrometry we will perform field measurements in european urban areas to determine the chemical composition of vcp emissions a zeppelin will be used as an airborne platform to probe the urban breath of european cities and quantify the chemical evolution and soa production from vcps downwind of urban centers these measurements will be accompanied by controlled atmospheric simulation chamber experiments to oxidize vcp emissions and retrieve their soa yields as a parametrization to be used by chemical transport models in a future of electrified fleets where fossil fuel emissions are expected to further decrease and vcps will dominate urban air pollution chanel will push the frontiers of knowledge on urban soa pollution and set the basis for future efficient adaptation policies
estimation of archaeological site occupation time spans using genomic admixture and radiocarbon dating

archaeological site occupation time span estimates can take the form of quantitative and qualitative intervals the former can use methods such as radiocarbon dating to obtain temporal calendar intervals that in some cases can be fairly precise for the latter broader temporal qualitative intervals can be inferred from the characterization of collected materials and artefacts the identification of specific physical structures or the type of burial practices with the increasing incorporation of genomic analysis in archaeological studies where human remains are present specifically to study population origins admixture and social organisation radiocarbon dates are frequently obtained from the osteological materials being analysed this allows for a better integration of the genomic archaeological and anthropological data but also leads to an increased usage of finite and unique osteological material to overcome this it is theoretically possible to estimate site occupation interval spans using an intertwined matrix of genomic admixture intervals and only a handful radiocarbon dates for calibration if calendar dates are required this project aims to use genomic admixture date estimation software such as dates to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed methodology by using published data from hundreds of samples and by producing a new genomic and radiocarbon dataset from a site in portugal the latter will allow subsampling and simulation analysis which will be essential for statistical testing of a new open source bioinformatic analytical tool named occupomics which would allow the user to quickly calculate site occupation intervals and calendar dates by inputting a genomic dataset and any related direct radiocarbon datesthis project therefore could lead to a decreased need of radiocarbon dates when sitewise genomic data is available provide improved precision in dating sites as well as saving unique osteological material and reducing costs
realtime highthroughput coherent xray microscopy from largescale installations to tabletop device

recent advances in coherent xray microscopy opened new exciting avenues for 2d3d imaging allowing to visualize deformations in batteries and solar cells during charge migration magnetic topologies catalysts pollution transistors fabrication defects neuron activity these emerging applications are expected to offer significant growth opportunities to market players in the coming years complementing the possibilities offered by optical and electronbased microscopy methods however the expansion of this technology is currently hindered by its availability at facilityscale installations where implementations are expensive and limit accessibility to a highlyspecialized community in ultraimage 851154 we tackled the challenge by scaling this technology to a tabletop device while retaining flexibility and complementary facilityscale performances specifically we prototyped a coherent xuv microscope which offers the following advantages i femtosecond time and ngstromtonanometer spatial resolution ii exquisite material composition and height contrast through amplitude and phase iii selfdiagnostic capabilities of aberrations and misalignments iv quantitative multimodal nondestructive imaging hyper aims towards the next step of ri increasing robustness throughput speed and availability to the public while retaining costeffectiveness key to this advancement is i implementation of beamlinestyle realtime diagnostics of intensity spectrum wavefront of the illumination ii use of code parallelization deeplearning and fast xuv detection technology accessibility to a broad range of stakeholders and end users and the translation to market of the consolidated technology will be deployed through a strategic network of academe and industry partners hyper will foster broad unprecedented understanding of functionality at the nanoscale vital to the design of next generation optoelectronics and biomedical devices
an innovative thermochemical cycle based on solid sulphur for integrated longterm storage of solar thermal energy

sulphurreal aims at demonstrating and validating a breakthrough approach for next generation carbonfree direct conversion of solar energy into chemicals storable for a virtually unlimited time based on elemental sulphur produced and consumed ondemand via a solaraided thermochemical cycle the project is targeted on the one hand to develop disruptive catalytic technologies for the two catalytic steps of this solid sulphur thermochemical cycle namely the high 800850 c and medium 600650 c temperature catalytic so3 splitting to so2 and oxygen and the subsequent disproportionation of so2 to solid sulphur and sulphuric acid the research line involves identifying developing and testing novel catalysts and reactor designs under operating conditions so that these two less developed steps of the cycle cf sulphur combustion can be integrated and performed in sequence with maximum compatibility in a firstofits kind integrated approach innovations to be introduced concern not only novel catalyst compositions but also novel reactor designs and methods of applying and distributing the catalysts within the reactors to achieve maximum utilisation of the active catalytic materials and optimal combination of improved performance conversion efficiency and process cost reduction on the other hand sulphurreal will further develop and upscale a firstofitskind sulphur burner operating at power density 5 mw m at ambient pressure and having demonstrated potential for prolonged operation at power densities of 75 mwcbm for typical operating pressure of 15 bar by simulations the proposed combination integrates renewable energy sources solar energy with valorisation of noncrm substances currently produced as industrial byproducts from oil and gas solid sulphur and steel industries fecontaining slags and industrialscale chemicals production sulphuric acid industry in absolute accordance with a circular economy environment and industrial symbiosis
innovative transport of in culture cellbased materials ensuring product safety quality and function

in cooperation with fraunhofer institute we developed an innovative technology for transporting live cell cultures tissue and other cellbased samples cellbox cellbox is a selfsustaining incubator with a controlled environment where temperature and co2 can be adjusted to ensure optimal incubation conditions with cellbox valuable cells are not lost due to freezing thawing and recovering cells thus reducing the risk of changing the biological structure of the cells and maintaining their high qualitywe currently have cellbox 10 ready to go to market cellbox ground for transports on the road and by rail and cellbox flight iata approved a future version cellbox at advanced therapy will fully unleash the potential of live cell transport for the cell therapy and regenerative medicine markets where increasingly complex and sensitive biological materials are handled transported and finally delivered to the patient the scope of the eic project
translational control of neuronal fate and identity

the cerebral cortex is a central structure of the mammalian brain characterized by a remarkable diversity of neuronal types understanding the origin of the extraordinary neuronal diversity is fundamental to understand how cortical architecture and functions emerge during development and remains a critical challenge in cellular and molecular neurobiologywhile the efforts have been focused on transcriptional control evidence for regulation at the translational level is emerging i hypothesize that translational control albeit overlooked acts in a combinatorial fashion with transcriptional induction to regulate gene expression programs during cortical patterning i have demonstrated an intimate functional link between cortical development and pools of mature transfer rna trnas the major determinant of translation i therefore propose to address how translational control through the modulation of the availability of mature translationally competent trnas finetunes gene expression programs during lineage progression thereby regulating neuronal diversity studying this yet unexplored question should unravel a hitherto unrecognized level of neuronal fate identity determination in the cerebral cortex we will combine ribosome profiling mrna and trna deep sequencing screening of genetic perturbation and gene manipulation in vivo in the mouse embryonic cortex to i uncover the specific translational programs that influence neuronal lineages progression ii determine how trna repertoires both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels are shaped to meet the specific translational needs of different cell types during corticogenesis and iii validate the functional importance of fluctuation in mature trna content during cortical development this project should bring conceptual advances in the understanding of brain development mechanisms that could be instrumental to interpret the pathological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders
safe and efficient use of sustainable fuels in maritime transport applications

safecrafts overall goal is to develop and demonstrate the safety and viability and accelerate the adoption of sustainable alternative fuels safs in waterborne transport it demonstrates four technologies acting as saf enablers for different types of oceangoing and short sea shipping vessels both newbuilding and retrofits safs used during handling storage and for main propulsion include liquid compressed green h2 and two green h2 carriers lohcs and ammonia safs used will be demonstrated on a bulk carrier and assessed and validated through detailed desktop studies for four other types of vessels typical in eu portsfor the demo vessel h2 will be used as the primary fuel source for a generator set providing power to a shaft motor powertakein in parallel with the me thus covering part of ships propulsion needs the desktop studies feature the aforementioned safs that lead into three powertrain options for each vessel 1 fuel cell stacks marinetype battery packs 2 internal combustion me for newbuildings 3 internal combustion pti generator similar to the demothese saf enabling power train systems will be analyzed indepth using specific kpis for safety energy efficiency environmental impact and technoeconomic feasibilitysafecraft az approach in utilizing safs including bunkering storage handling and fuel consumption onboard and the issuance of approval in principle for the engineering and design processes will accelerate their implementationthree societal objectives will be served 1 facilitating the creation of highly skilled jobs 2 economic growth in the eu by development of new technologies and regulatory standards for waterborne transport 3 reduction of the environmental footprint and acceleration of the transition to safs the core consortium members of the current proposal are also the core team of the nh3craft and lh2craft projects while the wellbalanced consortium consists of 11 partners from 6 countries
an xray beam tracking approach to retrieve directional information in biological specimens

the analysis of the directionality of fibres forming the white matter is a fundamental task in the investigation of the nervous system ns in terms of understanding its development and ageing as well as many neurological conditions the imaging of white matter directionality is usually accomplished by means of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging dti which exploits the anisotropic diffusion of water molecules in the ns parenchyma while dti meets all the requirements for clinical imaging it suffers from low resolution which makes it difficult for preclinical small animal imaging where high resolution is required in addition it cannot be used for the imaging of materials where no water is present requiring an alternative technique in both cases this can be represented by xrays which provide high resolution as well as the capability to extract directional information however conventional attenuationbased imaging is not directional and the multimodal capability offered by the new phase contrast techniques must be used in addition to attenuation these techniques also provide refraction and ultrasmall angle scattering which are directional signals and can be exploited to retrieve fibre orientation on a multiscale level above and below the systems resolution in particular the retrieval of directional information from darkfield has been demonstrated by means of grating interferometry which requires the use of two or three optical elements depending on the source size the main goal of the project is to introduce a beam tracking bt multimodal technique as an alternative for directional imaging bt is based on the use of a single mask regardless of the source size therefore providing the same capabilities as grating interferometry but a significantly simpler and more versatile setup directional bt will be used to extract the direction of fibres in sections of murine ns using both synchrotron facilities and laboratory sources
tracing indigenous american genomic history subsistence strategies health and their interplay through time using dna from ancient masticated plant fibres

palaeogenomics has revolutionised our understanding of human population history at the biological and sociocultural level by analysing thousands of ancient human genomes sequenced from skeletal remains unfortunately this approach requires destructive sampling of the skeletal remains and thus can often be in conflict with the values of descendant communities and national heritage conservation policies although alternative sources of ancient human dna have been sought their utilisation requires prohibitive sequencing data volumes or they are rare in the archaeological record thus precluding largescale studies to circumvent these limitations we will use a novel dna source ancient quids quids are wads of masticated plant fibres recovered from archaeological sites analogous to a buccal swab an ancient quid contains traces of the chewers their oral microbiomes and the chewers meals dna as well as that of the plants used for its elaboration therefore quid dna can be used to simultaneously track human population history dietary and microbiome shifts pathogen prevalence and their interplay through time we will use quid dna to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the indigenous peoples from the americas a continent where human evolutionary history is understudied skeletal remains are rare and the destructive sampling of such remains is often limited in contrast to skeletal remains quids are abundant in the american archaeological record and span from the late pleistocene to the holocene and recent centuries through ancient quid dna we will reconstruct the genomic history of indigenous americans their past lifeways and subsistence strategies their health and how these influenced each other throughout the three major historical transitions in the continent the initial rapid peopling by huntergatherers the emergence of complex agricultural societies and their demise during european colonisation
the disobedient brain the social neuroscience of noncompliance to immoral orders

the core goal of this project is to unravel the mechanisms of disobedience to understand the factors that prevent an individual from complying with immoral orders research should focus on two critical axes 1 which social and situational factors support disobedience and 2 which individual traits and neurocognitive processes support disobedience while the first axe has been extensively addressed in past literature the second axe has scarcely been approached disobey is uniquely focused on developing a social neuroscience approach to understanding the mechanisms through which resistance to immoral orders may develop in a given situation two main neurocognitive processes will be considered the sense of agency that one experiences when performing a voluntary action and the empathic response towards others pain the main hypothesis is that individuals who retain a high sense of agency and empathy for pain under coercion are more likely to resist immoral orders despite potential social costs to validate this hypothesis mri and neuromodulation techniques will be used the project will include weird western educated industrialized rich democratic adults as well as very unique and rare nonweird populations such as military genocide perpetrators survivors and their offspring in rwanda and righteous individuals who rescued lives from extermination during genocides including these populations will also allow to validate my hypothesis beyond weird societies with individuals who actually experienced the disastrous consequences of obedience during reallife events with this project i aim to pioneer a new area of research that will have deep societal implications in the future i intend to develop specific education programs in the future with the ngos i am currently working with for both military members and civilians in vulnerable societies that seek to prevent illegitimate violence on the ground of compliance to authority
universal 3d printer bioink for type 1 diabetes cell therapy

type 1 diabetes t1dm results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulinproducing cells nowadays insulin injections remain the leading therapeutic option however injection treatment fails to emulate the highly dynamic insulin release that cells provide during the last years 3d cellladen microspheres have been proposed as a major platform for bioengineering insulinsecreting constructs for tissue graft implantation and a model for in vitro drug screening platforms current microsphere fabrication technologies have several drawbacks the need for an oil phase containing surfactants diameter inconsistency of the microspheres and high timeconsuming processes among others these technologies have widely used alginate for its rapid gelation high processability and low cost however its low biocompatible properties do not provide effective cell attachment to overcome these limitations uniink proposes a highthroughput 3d bioprinting methodology that employs an ecmlike microenvironment for effective cellladen microsphere production crosslinking the resulting microspheres with tannic acid ta prevents collagenase degradation and enhances spherical structural consistency while allowing the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen in addition the approach allows customization of microsphere diameter with extremely low variability in conclusion we will develop in uniink a novel bioprinting procedure to fabricate large amounts of reproducible microspheres capable of secreting insulin in response to extracellular glucose stimuli we expect that uniink will represent a valid alternative to islet transplantation in t1dm patients thus bringing cell therapy closer to the application in humans
enabling patient specific medicines using 3d printing in hospitals and pharmacies

uniform drug treatments are not always the best option for treating some patient populations including children and the elderly the industry now has extensive knowledge on the benefits of personalized medicines that take the age metabolic and genetic differences of patients into account however until now there has not been a practical manufacturing solution to put this knowledge into widescale use curifylabs has created a technology called minilab to make highquality 3d printing of personalized medicines available on site in the pharmacies and bring industry level standards to mass customisation of medicines in this project we will finalize a standard process for developing 3d printing compatible formulations and quality control solutions this will make minilab highly scalable across different therapeutic areas
study of functionalised pluronic polymer doping in thermoelectric ionic polymer gels for tuning of ionic seebeck coefficient and application in harvesting heat to electricity

thermoelectric ionic polymer gel teipg materials are rising generation of thermal energy harvesting materials which can harvest thermal energy by temperature gradient difference assisted thermodiffusion of ions within the gel matrix teipgs are claiming a bright future due to wide applications in heat harvesting and powering wearable electronics devices however a long way needs to be taken concerning material optimization and structural design to enhance the efficiency of these materials and accelerate the scaleup of the fabrication process of devices the project teionicpolygels targets the development of teipg with a wide ionic seabeck coefficient to realize improved energy harvesting and gel properties to meet printable device fabrication on rigid and flexible requirements the project comprises the following aims a functionalisation of pluronic polymer chain end groups with acidicbasicneutral saltbased functional groups as new materials b doping study of functionalized and bare pluronic polymers in thermoelectric gel system and screening of thermoelectric properties c development of printable ink of teipgs for device fabrication and application in charging of wearable device and waste heat harvesting from the environment this project will serve knowledge to utilize pluronic polymer to develop efficient teipgs with tunable seebeck coefficient and printable ink formation properties the project will be conducted by an early career material research scientist dr kevalkumar k sonigara under the supervision of prof martin pumera at the central european institute of technology ceitec brno university of technology the fellowship will expand the horizons and expertise of dr sonigara in teipgs field and boost his employability and academic career from teionicpolygels project we hope to establish a robust scientific and technical platform for european science and technology and promote the european economys prosperity