Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
preventing bone loss by targeting endothelial celltissue crosstalk

during healthy aging but also in osteoporosis a disease that affects more than 22 of european women beyond the age of 50 loss of mineralized bone is caused by a disbalance between bone formation and resorption while blood vessels are abundant in the skeletal system and play essential roles they are currently not considered in the context of antiosteoporosis therapy moreover apart from the role of sex hormones we know too little about the impact of sexspecific regulators in physiological and disturbed bone homeostasis our recent work has provided fundamental insights into the organization of the bone vasculature in mouse the heterogeneity and functional specialization of endothelial cells ecs and the changes during aging recent and unpublished research from my team has utilized single cell rna sequencing in combination with advanced immunostaining and imaging to identify a novel ec subpopulation termed type r for remodeling type r vessels are postarterial capillaries found at sites of homeostatic and therapeutic bone turnover mainly trabecular bone and their activation in young mice can enhance osteogenesis in aging mice type r vessel clusters emerge inside cortical bone at sites of bone loss protect will systemically characterize the function of ecs and in particular type r capillaries in healthy homeostasis and during bone loss this will involve the generation of new mouse lines for intersectional genetics and the characterization of critical molecular regulators we will also characterize sexspecific and agerelated factors controlling bone homeostasis and employ approaches to translate our findings into the human system preclinical experiments in mice will establish whether ecs and type r capillaries are involved in the response to therapies aiming at osteoblasts or osteoclasts protect will generate the conceptual basis for future approaches utilizing endothelial cells for the prevention of bone loss and antiosteoporotic therapy
innovative nanostructured aluminium composite

innovative nanostructured aluminium composite a constant goal in almost all areas of electronics is miniaturization miniaturization leads to a reduction in strip thicknesses and places ever higher demands on materials in terms of strength conductivity and formability the trend towards transmitting higher currents goes hand in hand with higher demands on the base material a key requirement for materials is thermal relaxation resistance which enables it to maintain spring forces and transmit currentssoluterials goal is to develop produce and to offer nanostructured lightweight materials based on ms kasakewitschs scientific work and doctoral thesis we developed a nanostructured aluminium material inc and transferred the production process from laboratory to pilot industrial scale inc is the material that meets contemporary requirements and sets the course for the future its a key enabling technology that will lead to farreaching developments in downstream industries the material properties are needed in all future industries such as emobility 5g and electronics for example electrical conductors such as highvoltage cables could be constructed as selfsupporting materials in future
dynamics of proteinligand interactions

proteins are biological macromolecules that are vital to all processes of life understanding the functions of proteins has great scientific and commercial value proteins are used as industrial enzymes as pharmaceutical treatments and many proteins are the targets of drugs current knowledge of protein function is primarily based on static structures which have provided great insights about structurefunction relationships that today form the basis for protein science and protein engineering proteins are however not static molecules but undergo spontaneous transitions between alternative structural states some of which are rare transient conformations that are essentially invisible to traditional methods these dynamical properties are known to be critically important for function but highresolution studies of dynamics have so far been conducted merely as an addon following structural studies to change the situation we aim to establish integrative biomolecular dynamics by developing methods that integrate timeresolved xray crystallography nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular simulations to study the motions of proteins while they carry out their function we focus on the challenging problem of molecular recognition because it represents a poorly understood frontier in molecular science where advances are expected to have great impact specifically we will address the question of how proteins bind ligands by describing with atomic resolution the entire dynamic process to reach a consistent kinetic thermodynamic and structural view we are at a point where it will be possible to develop the individual techniques required for our integrative biomolecular dynamics approach as a team we can leverage ongoing developments in hardware and methods while ensuring the tight integration between methods that is needed to study complex dynamical systems we thus aim to move structural biology into a new era of protein dynamics
mycobacteriophages to treat tuberculosis passed station or future promise

the emergence of drugresistance to tuberculosis tb drugs poses an increasing challenge to tb control and new treatment options are urgently needed novel or repurposed antibiotics are still being introduced but this pipeline will dry out in the near future bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacteria they have been used to treat infections before the introduction of antibiotics with the emergence of drugresistance there is renewed interest in this ancient treatment option clinical use of mycobacteriophages to treat tb and nontuberculous mycobacterial ntm infections is still in its infancy this project contributes to 3 areas in the development of clinically useful mycobacteriophage treatments for tb and ntm infections phage discovery from soil samples collected in the compounds of tb clinics and hospitals in cape town south africa we will isolate mycobacteriophages using spot tests and plaque assays dna of newly discovered mycobacteriophages will be sequenced and during the return phase of this project i will select promising mycobacteriophages with lytic effect against tb or ntm infections that can be used for development of phage cocktails for clinical use phage inhalation method the efficiency of phage treatment is dependent upon the phage concentration reached at the site of disease phages that can attack m tuberculosis have long tails which might be vulnerable to manipulation we will optimize an inhalation method leaving the phages intact and functional preparation for a clinical trial an existing mycobacteriophage cocktail active against tb will be used for a first clinical study in humans to assess dosing safety and efficiency if our mycobacteriophage hunt is successful and the translation can be made into purified and adequately dosed administration of mycobacteriophages a virtually inexhaustible addition will be made to the therapeutic armamentarium for drugresistant as well as drugsensitive tb and ntm infections
coevolutionary approach to unlock the transformative potential of naturebased solutions for more inclusive and resilient communities

naturebased solutions nbs are governance techniques and models that directly and costeffectively benefit both nature and humans despite the progress in nbs design and implementation the sociopolitical challenge is that nbs are often tailored for the privileged their design is expertled and their implementation hampered by institutional and administrative inertia nbs have not been able to support a just transformation of habits for sustainability and fail to incorporate nonhuman actors or include marginal and vulnerable humans as true beneficiaries of these solutions coevolvers goes beyond the state of the art by introducing a coevolutionary approach which offers a radically new view for nbs design and implementation by looking at nbs at the interface of technological and biological spheres and considering full cocreation as an interplay not only between the stakeholders but also between human and nonhuman actors to accomplish this coevolvers explores through seven living labs ll across europe the situational and placebased conditions around the sociopolitics of nbs design and implementation the purpose is to alter the socioecological conditions to provide governance models and techniques motivation structures and practices for more inclusive nbs and resilient communities coevolvers helps develop already existing incipient and emerging nbs with local actors by means of participatory and digital transdisciplinary methodologies coevolvers will support the growth of novel capabilities entrepreneurship and renewal capacity for a just transition coevolvers engages and informs policy and decisionmakers to ensure their contribution to transformational impacts we integrate cocreated knowledge and preparedness to act with actual governance and decisionmaking structures to ensure implementation and critical evaluation together with the continuous reconfiguration and development of models techniques and tools
the historical roots of global inequality

the aim of this project is to understand the historical roots of global inequality specifically it will address two questions why did some regions experience an early start in the development of complex hierarchies how relevant is such an early transition in explaining current comparative economic development a series of theories going back to the origins of the social sciences emphasize the role of some crucial environmental factors in explaining the rise of the very first complex hierarchies unfortunately however the scarcity of global datasets on natural environment and hierarchy going back to the first human societies has made it difficult to test these theories partial empirical validation has come almost exclusively from either crosssectional empirical studies using data on the current environment to proxy for past conditions or case studies focusing on a limited numbers of wellstudied areas this project aims at filling this gap by combining new global panel data on ancient climate a result of recent advances in paleoclimatology ancient migrations reconstructed through archaeogenetics and ancient societies constructed from aggregating archaeological reports with advanced econometric techniques the project comprises three lines of research the first line will test a prominent theory that relates a series of changes in the natural environment with the emergence of intensive food storage and the subsequent rise of the first relevant socioeconomic inequalities among huntergatherers the second line will focus on farming societies and investigate the role of longdistance trade spurred by the invention of bronze on the rise of the first urban civilizations and new unprecedented economic inequalities among farmers the third line will document the long shadow that ancient hierarchies either among huntergatherers or farmers have produced on current comparative economic development
assessing longterm changes in indigenous environmental knowledge

ethnobiological research provides contradictory evidence of changes in indigenous environmental knowledge iek systems with some studies suggesting processes of knowledge erosion and others emphasizing adaptability and resilience the ecological impacts of such changes are also largely unknown given that ethnobiologists generally lack diachronic or longitudinal data for the study of iek changes over long periods of time and their knockon effects on biodiversity using systematic ethnobiological placebased data collection in a unique research site in the bolivian amazon with an untapped wealth of longterm ethnobiological information in this project i will rigorously assess the processes through which iek systems change over time and the ecological impacts associated with such changes this project will be conducted in partnership with the tsimane indigenous peoples through processes of knowledge coproduction the combined use of cuttingedge geospatial analyses with ethnographicallygrounded data will allow me to disentangle the interwoven relationships between iek changes and biodiversity loss and provide a more granular interpretation of causality in hypothesisdriven ethnobiological research the project will contribute to a paradigm shift in the way in which change and causality are addressed and theorized in ethnobiological scholarship enriching scholarly discussions about the push and pull between continuity and change within iek systems and significantly expanding our knowledge of the pathways through which the loss of collective intergenerational memory impinges negatively on biodiversity conservation the projects groundbreaking nature lies on its focus not only on changes in iek content eg plant uses but also on the contexts for such changes eg biocultural landscapes and its interwoven ecological impacts eg forest loss
sustainable and affordable urban geothermal exploration novel technologies and workflows

europe needs urgent solutions to decarbonize its heating sector geothermal energy can play a prominent role in this transition providing heat in urban areas as an alternative to fossil fuels however its growth is hampered by the limited knowledge about the resources and risks in these challenging environments existing exploration methods are not suited for reservoir characterization in urban contexts the urgent project addresses this gap by providing sustainable and affordable solutions for urban seismic exploration of geothermal resources lowimpact innovative technologies consisting of an electric seismic source and novel mems based sensors integrated into autonomous nodes will be designed built and tested on 3 sites balmatt be konin pl batta hu they will enable highquality data recording including low frequency signals resulting in high resolution imaging up to 4000m of depth ultimately improved reservoir characterization will reduce the geological uncertainties and contribute to increase drilling success rate by 20 also by optimizing survey design including compressive sensing and simultaneous shooting urgent eventually aims at reducing exploration costs by 30 for more efficient analysis of the acquired data ai ml methods will be developed and tested to assist and automate fault and fracture detection structural models including these features will be the basis for geomechanical modelling to assess fault reactivation and the corresponding seismic risk in addition ml techniques used in the og sector will be updated and combined with thm reservoir modelling to optimize the location and design of wells maximizing heat extraction while minimizing seismic risk leading to increase plant lifetime up to 40 years and higher revenue urgent will contribute to accelerate the deployment of urban geothermal projects through exploration workflows suited for these environments market uptake analysis and reinforced community acceptance
development and application of ultrafast lowenergy electron microscopy

this proposal aims at the development and application of ultrafast lowenergy electron microscopy uleem a new experimental technique for studying dynamics at surfaces it addresses a key question in ultrafast surface science namely the observation of rapid structural changes with high spatial and temporal resolution and with ultimate surface sensitivity down to the monolayer level in order to achieve this goal a number of conceptual and technological challenges will need to be addressedthis project is designed to support a comprehensive approach to the successful implementation of uleem pulsed electron source concepts and electron pulse compression schemes will be realized for the conditions of lowenergy electron microscopy furthermore tailored contrast mechanisms will be employed to enhance the timeresolved mapping of specific structural features and domainswith this newly established methodology we will study a selected set of model systems and nonequilibrium phenomena to explore ultrafast surface imaging of the dynamics and control of phase transformations interlayer energy transfer in van der waals heterostructures and the excitation and propagation of collective modes
towards a computational account of natural sequential behavior

imagine navigating through your kitchen walking around your table and chairs reaching the counter sliding a cup on the countertop pouring yourself some coffee and preparing a sandwich such an everyday situation requires a sequence of behaviors involving the sophisticated interplay of perception attention cognition planning and action all unfolding in an ambiguous and uncertain world yet although past research in the behavioral sciences has revealed many properties of these constituent faculties the understanding of how humans coordinate these cognitive abilities when carrying out everyday tasks is still rudimentarythe goal of this project is to carry out behavioral experiments and develop computational models to identify and characterize perception cognition and action in the wild our hypothesis is that sequential actions involving perceptual uncertainty action variability internal and external costs and benefits can be understood and modeled in the unified framework of optimal sequential decision making under uncertainty to achieve this goal we integrate ideas and methods from psychophysics statistical decision theory active vision intuitive physics optimal control under uncertainty navigation and inverse reinforcement learning the proposal is structured in such a way that subsequent work packages consider tasks with increasing naturalness from classical psychophysical production tasks visuomtor control to navigation and sandwich making we will develop methods that allow recovering subjects perceptual uncertainties beliefs about tasks their subjective costs and benefits including effort and action variability based on our previous experimental work on visuomotor behavior and theoretical work in modeling such behavior on an individualbyindividual and trialbytrial basis we seek to elucidate how perception cognition and action are inseparably intertwined in extended sequential behavior
epicuticular electrification spontaneous charging of materials at the worlds largest bioair interface

the materials on the outer plant surface create the worlds largest bioair interface invisibly this surface spontaneously charges when hit by raindrops and solid materials this is due to contact electrification a phenomenon used in technologies like printing and energy harvesting yet extraordinarily little is known about its role in nature and how biosurfaces charge epic will target two exciting and unresolved questions a can one exploit the generated charges to power hightech devices at the leafair interface and b how is the organism affected by the electric fields generated on the outer leaf surface the core of epic is thus a detailed surface analysis to gain the highest resolved insights in solid and liquid contact electrification of biosurfaces to achieve this i will combine studies of materials surface charging chemical and topographical analyses with observations of cellular responses plant growth and adaptationthis data set will then indicate how to engineer material systems named artificial leaves that can be installed on the plant leaf or sprayed on it to harvest the contact charges for technical purposes epic will eventually enable energy harvesting environmental and plant health sensing communication with robots and electrocatalytic reactions autonomously driven by electricity and reactants from the leaf environment moreover i will develop additional features in the materials of the artificial leaf to specifically protect the plant and to boost its growth during energy harvestingthe result of epic will be new insights into contact charging of materials in nature its effect on plant life and a groundbreaking energyautonomous and sustainable technology platform for the worlds most significant bioair interface with crossdisciplinary impact in materials science environmental sensing and robotics smarter agriculture and plantbased bioelectrochemical systems
international innovation network for the development of cost and environmentally efficient seasonal thermal energy storages

future energy systems will integrate diverse variable renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels use sector coupling and waste heat recovery and interact symbiotically with a variety of users seasonal thermal energy storages stes are existential for peakshaving and loadshifting in these systems and they increase the usability of decentrally generated thermal energy interstores aims to achieve successful market acceptance technological attractiveness and competitiveness by improving performance cost efficiency and increased reliability by pooling engineering hydrogeological environmental and applied disciplines as well as expertise from different sectors 14 partners from 9 countries will ensure a high exploitability through technology transfer measuresfor this interstores promotes the fullscale realization of two different stes variants two demonstrators address one crucial concept of versatile stes solutions in europeans future energy systems the combination of several tuneable stesoverarching goal is proving the international market potential of novel renostes and gigactes by demonstration of highly favourable technoeconomic and environmental performance with the unique opportunity of fullscale demonstration interstores innovations will close critical gaps for arriving at reliable facilites robust operational functioning and replicable implementation the two solutions will reveal crucial differences regarding optimal design integration potential on different scales operating conditions costs environmental impacts and benefits finally interstores will not only demonstrate application of planned innovation modules for stes to projects demo sites but set a major focus on maximizing their replication potential this will be achieved by complementing technological and digital developments at the demos with research on european transfer sites regional markets and new business opportunities