Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
robust causal discovery

robust causal discoverydue to technological advances the available amount of data has increased tremendously over the last decade the fields of data science statistics computer science and econometrics have followed this growth as they provide indispensable tools for translating data into insights and knowledge where data science was traditionally concerned with learning associations in data it has recently become clear that causal relations often provide a deeper understanding and a stronger tool in many practical applications this has led to the flourishing of causal inference with some of the most prestigious scientific awards going to pioneers in the field over the last decade can we learn causal mechanisms from observational data is one of the compelling questions that is occupying scientists all over the world where it was originally answered by skepticism it has become clear that we are not completely powerless and there are indeed ways to infer causal structure from observational data under the right conditions however all of the current methods assume that the observed data perfectly follows the underlying causal structure unfortunately real world data is often contaminated by anomalies and measurement errors violating this assumption and thus weakening the reliability of methods for causal discovery this proposal aims to fill this gap by developing methods for causal discovery that remain efficient and reliable under data contamination in particular it i builds a theoretical framework for robust causal discovery ii develops methods for causal discovery that are provably robust and correctly identify the causal structure and iii investigates the effect of contamination on realworld discovery tasks as a result in addition to advancing the theoretical understanding of causal discovery this proposal builds a versatile toolbox to support scientists doing causal discovery and improve the reliability of their findings
the oval study for vb111 treatment of platinumresistant ovarian cancer

vbl therapeutics is a latestage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on first in class treatments for cancer vbls lead oncology product candidate vb111 is an innovative targeted anticancer gene therapy with potential to treat a wide range of solid tumors most cancer therapies aim to target tumors cells while sparing normal cells but tumors are heterogeneous and often develop resistance to treatment instead of targeting the tumor directly vb111 targets the tumor environment by disrupting the blood vessels that supply blood to the tumor and by recruiting the immune system into the tumor this dual mechanism of action together with an excellent safety profile make vb111 a gamechanger vbl is pursuing ovarian cancer as the first indication for vb111 in the scope of this project vbl will to finalize a phase 3 potentialregistration clinical trial the oval study as well as execute all the necessary steps towards final regulatory approvals and commercialization
investigating the contribution of the sensory visual cortex for representation and storage during visual working memory

visual working memory vwm is the cognitive process responsible for temporarily maintaining in mind visual information that is no longer in view the neural architecture of vwm has been of continuous scientific interest and it has been proposed that the sensory visual cortex is involved in the brain network responsible for successful representation storage during vwm however the contribution of the sensory visual cortex in vwm remains a subject of intense debate underscoring the need for a decisive investigation restore aims to shed light on this debate through a threeway transfer of knowledge restore will lead to contemporary methodology by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation tms with electroencephalography eeg resulting in a robust and costeffective approach for studying vwm by combining tms with eeg restore will surmount the limitations of previous work eg the correlational nature of brainimaging studies the lack of evidence for neural activity in brainstimulation studies and thus result in causal evidence for the role of the sensory visual cortex during vwm this scientific leap will not only resolve a longstanding controversy but also introduce an efficient approach for conducting neuroscientific research hence contributing to the literature and advancing the current stateoftheart in addition restore will enhance the expertise repertoire of the researcher and the participating organisations in turn this will establish a strong foundation for pursuing ambitious and innovative research in the future as well as provide knowledge and skills for training future researchers in contemporary research restores innovative integration of tms and eeg aims to decisively illuminate the longstanding debate about the role of the sensory visual cortex in vwm and lays a solid groundwork for future ambitious investigations while fostering expertise and knowledge transfer for the next generation of researchers
modular heating technology through renewable resources for steel production

nowadays the overall energy demand in downstream steel production is mainly based on fossil fuel so it is fundamental to find and set new ways to overcome the environmental impact of steel productioncurrently the stateofart of reheating furnaces is based on ch4 burners with an evident environmental impact on co2 emissionsthe main objective is to decarbonize this process based on the introduction of hybrid heating technology based on electrification and gasburning properly combined this solution provides an opportunity to explore the synergic effect of different technologies by hybrid heating moreover the whole efficiency of the heating process can be furtherly improved by the recovery of enthalpy content of offgases from the furnace the furnace partial electrification will be realized by the installation of an induction system the electricity to feed the inductor will be provided by a renewable source res and by the heat recovery system
a mechanismbased approach to the prevention of chronic pain and its comorbid mental disorders

chronic pain is a major health problem typically associated with mental disorders such as depression or anxiety and is still difficult to treat despite enormous efforts in the biomedical community this project proposes a radical shift from the symptomatic focus on chronic pain and predefined diagnostic categories to a mechanistic analysis and treatment of psychobiological factors that shape the transition to chronic pain and its associated mental diorders in a transdiagnostic approach the proposal aims to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms of the development of chronic pain across three major diagnostic subtypes of pain primary musculoskeletal pain neuropathic pain primary headache that are usually analyzed and treated in isolation and conducts a proof of principle study of mechanismbased modular digital and virtual realitybased interventions work package wp 1 will use metaanalyses to determine common and specific transdiagnostic mechanisms of chronicity across these three diverse pain disorders wp 2 will analyze longitudinal data from existing databases on pain development using machine learning and knowledge graph approaches wp 3 will develop an assessment battery for core psychobiological mechanisms and identify predictors of chronicity as well as comorbidity with mental disorder across diagnostic groups using advanced unsupervised learning algorithms wp 4 will devise easy to apply real life digital and virtual reality interventions that target core psychobiological processes wp 5 will contain a proof of principle study that contrasts standard cognitivebehavioral pain management with the mechanismbased intervention modules they will be applied in a digital format and contain virtual realitybased interventions statistical analyses will include linear mixed models an n1 design as well as a microrandomized trial we believe that this transdiagnostic mechanistic approach will make a major contribution to the prevention of chronic pain
formose reactions on microdroplets from

i propose to examine the importance of water microdroplets sprayed from geysers as a reaction medium in prebiotic chemistry with the goal of providing evidence for co2reduction to formaldehyde and following synthesis of carbohydrates from formaldehyde via the formose reaction water microdroplets have recently been proven to be a unique reaction medium but the importance of microdroplets for the origins of life remains largely unexplored this fellowship application proposes geysers as a catalyst for synthesis of complex organic molecules at the origin of life a new hypothesis which has previously not been explored this is a high risk high gain proposal and the new scientific skills obtained during the fellowship will be highly valuable for a research career at the interface of organic synthesis and microdroplet chemistry the project will be carried out over two years with prof michael pittelkow at the university of copenhagen where all synthetic chemistry kinetic experiments and characterization of products will be performed
ondemand hydrogel microbeads mass production by inkjet bioprinting for stem cell largescale cultivation

the aim of the stemstation project is to propose a novel strategy for human mesenchymal stem cells mscs cultivation and production allowing to overcome the current limitations faced by manufacturers to develop efficient and scalable processes to answer the market demand the main strategy is to exploit the inkjet bioprinting technology to manufacture mscsloaded microbeads of a hydrogel for cell expansion and production scaleup this strategy will allow the ondemand fabrication of cellloaded customized microbeads directly inside the bioreactor thus stemstation is proposing an allincluded production system for mscs with a clear objective of shortening the expansion steps in a scaleup process such methodological and technological innovation has the potential to be further transferred to other adherent cell bioproduction systems current largescale mscs production strategies are strongly focused on solid microcarrier cultivation where cells are adhered on their surface such microcarriers are then suspended in production tanks where standard cultivation protocols must be specifically optimized such technologies are commonly limited by the cell source the cellmicrocarrier interaction as well as the lack of an easy to handle robust transferable and scalable process stemstation targets to overcome problematics by offering an original and innovative production strategy which will bring novel scientific knowledge in the field of bioproduction stem cell growth inkjet bioprinting proliferative biomaterials and clinical grade transfer of largescale cultivation process of human mscs
quantum tensor engine

quantum computers harness fundamental aspects of quantum behavior to drive exponential increases in the speed with which certain computations can be performed they have potentially a tremendous longterm impact in areas such as quantummany body physics and material science and further afield in machine learning the quantum manybody problems studied by condensed matter physicists are perhaps the most likely to yield early demonstrations of this potential however current and nearterm intermediatescale quantum nisq devices are limited in the number of operations that they can carry out before their performance is degraded by interactions with the environment to take advantage of these platforms and to outperform classical computers highly efficient and specialized quantum algorithms are required the implementation and benchmarking of these basic algorithms on different quantum computing platforms is challenging and requires a detailed knowledge of the underlying physics our approach is to produce a readytouse highly innovative software package based upon quantum tensor networks the quantum tensor engine qtengine will provide a unifying framework for both quantum and classical algorithms the qtengine will serve as an engine to drive fast and easy implementation of quantum simulation quantum machine learning and optimization algorithms the anticipated user base include academic groups as well as commercial research and development groups
deciphering snps involved in oligodendroglia functional resilience in multiple sclerosis

multiple sclerosis ms is a prevalent demyelinating disease that primarily affects young adults current therapy for ms mainly focuses on immune suppression and alleviating inflammation however efforts to promote remyelination face challenges in clinical translation animal models of acute demyelination have demonstrated promising remyelination primarily facilitated by newly generated oligodendrocytes nevertheless the scenario in human ms differs as the disease typically manifests in adulthood and the progression of lesions occurs over several decades in the proposed project resilms by using barcode based lineage tracing combined with ultradepth singlecell and spatial transcriptomics i will identify the molecular profiles of existing and newly generated oligodendrocytes at different stages of a mouse model induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis eae the aim is to comprehend how an oligodendroglial cell pool diversifies its subpopulations during prolonged disease challenge and what are the unique molecular properties for resilient cells to maintain their ability to endure an adverse inflammatory environment and remyelinate further i will perform a screen of single nucleotide polymorphisms snps associated with risk and severity of ms that might affect genes related to the resilience of oligodendrocytes to experimentally explore the effect of relevant snps human oligodendrocyte cells holgs derived from pluripotent cells will be perturbed with crisprbased genetic modification and observed for cell profile and functional changesthe identified snps and resilience molecular pathways may play a critical role in disease progression for ms patients by delving into the mechanisms of resilience of remyelinating cells in a long disease course this project will provide valuable insights into msrelated genetic risk and protective factors and potentially advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in ms research
anticounterfeiting solution based on integrated circuits implementing highentropy physical unclonable functions

the entropic project aims to advance the technology and market maturity of a comprehensive anticounterfeiting and identity management solution based on proprietary silicon integrated circuits implementing highentropy physical unclonable functionsphysical unclonable functions pufs are silicon integrated circuits that leverage random variations in the fabrication process to implement a unique function that is unknown to the observer and the manufacturer and extremely difficult to determine experimentally from a behavioral viewpoint pufs are circuits that respond to digital input strings challenges with perfectly repeatable digital output strings responses where the challengeresponse mapping the unclonable function is fully repeatable with aging and with varying environmental conditions as of now the practical adoption of pufs has been restricted by their limited entropy which makes them vulnerable to cyber attacks eg bruteforce and aibased attacksentropic proposes innovative highentropy silicon pufs with worldrecord resilience to brute force aibased and sidechannel attacks the breakthrough entropic puf is a strong puf with at least 2 mbit of entropy thanks to mixed analogdigital chip design whereas pufs available in the market now are of the weak type and have maximum entropy of 4 kbitthe novelty of the highentropy pufs proposed in entropic enables us new applications and a different business model instead of selling chips or licensing ip we target a business model that provides a fully managed solution to an industrial customer that needs to defend its brand from counterfeiting or to deploy and manager secure internet of things devices
trading chinese migrants networks of human trafficking in treatyport china 18301930s

despite the excellent work of historians in the past three decades to provide a comprehensive history of the chinese coolie trade the trafficking of women and children remains still underrepresented this innovative project will use cuttingedge data technology to track for the first time the networks operating the trade in children women and male labourers in an integrative perspective it will trace how the private sector such as intermediaries and companies and the nations involved shaped the history of international forced migration in nineteenthcentury china relying on my supervisors technical expertise i will mobilize a wealth of quantifiable data accessible on international human transportation in the form of an openly available database to analyse and depict the systems connecting these various forms of bondage in the past four years as a postdoctoral researcher i have collected an outstanding amount of data from unpublished multilingual source material scattered in archives in europe asia and america during the mscapf i will undertake further research in cuba the uk france spain and germany to gather the sources needed to complete the datasets and to publish the results in a monograph and a journal article the data collection will convey a novel contribution to the existing database project exploring slave trade in asia esta an international collaboration by the international institute of social history in amsterdam the cole normale suprieure ens de lyon the bonn center for dependency and slavery studies bcdss and linnaeus university the database will be the structure for a future document preservation project to pursue in more advanced grants my training at the ens and the bcdss will strengthen my specialization as a sinologist integrate me in stateoftheart scholarship on asian bondage and equip me with the technical and academic abilities needed to boost my career prospects
probing cosmic largescale structure beyond the average

the cosmic largescale structure is entering a new full space era with the launch of the euclid galaxy survey satellite in 2023 coinciding with the first light for the rubin observatory my proposal is centred on using galaxy surveys across a third of the sky as a laboratory for fundamental physics beyond the standard model by combining powerful theoretical models with exquisite data for galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing to fully realise the potential of euclids full space galaxy survey i will use my unique expertise in developing analytical computational and statistical methods to predict and analyse the cosmic largescale structure beyond the averagei will hunt for fundamental physics by going beyond the average probed by standard twopoint analyses and unlocking additional information from novel clustering statistics sensitive to different density environments i will provide new insights into dark matter dynamics and enable a fieldbased analysis by pioneering a particlewave duality inspired phasespace technique that goes beyond the average effective fluid modelling this will push forward modelling to a new level overcome limitations of standard fluid and nbody methods and enable the joint modelling of dark matter baryons and massive neutrinos my research program will unlock key insights into particle physics by pinning down the total neutrino mass and potential wavelike properties of dark matter the early universe by constraining primordial nongaussianity providing hints for inflationary physics gravity by measuring the nature of dark energy and potential modifications of general relativity and astrophysics by determining the relationship between galaxies and dark matter my expertise in developing analytical computational and statistical methods for clustering dynamics and statistics and my leadership within the euclid collaboration places me in a strategic position to lead such an ambitious research program
nitrate recovery capacity status

nitrate pollution remains a significant concern for water quality since the 90s europe has been actively working to reduce nitrate levels and improve water quality yet restoring water quality is a slow process as nitrates may remain for decades within aquifers as a legacy while imperative assessing nitrate recovery capacity nrc faces challenges due to strong variabilities in nitrate transfer times and percentages removed by bacterial consumption within anoxic zones often requiring intricate models here we propose to leverage an innovative regionalscale assessment method to investigate the correlation between nrc and a readily accessible catchment attribute lithology comparing nitrate concentrations with proxies of conservatively transferred element nirecas determines the nitrate reactivity and legacy of a region within consistent geological contexts the method analyzes the correlation between these factors and lithology while providing uncertainties of the correlation estimates our objectives are to i investigate the control of lithology on nitrate reactivity and legacy using 200 pilot sites in the armorican massif france taken as a first experimental region and ii extend and generalize the methodology to other european regions our deliverables include 1 a methodology for regional scale nrc mapping using available lithology databases 2 maps of nrc for one to several european regions where lithology is found to be the primary controlling factor 3 a userfriendly interface to a priori assess the percentage and transfer time of nitrate removedthis should provide key information on the ability of vulnerable regions to restore water quality while catching the legacy of past agricultural practices at the relevant resolution besides nirecas should serve as a valuable predictive tool to assess the impact of current agricultural strategies on future generations and support the transition of practices over the medium and long term
thermal and energy management for increased driving range of an electric minibus including improved usercentric design and thermal comfort

minded addresses in full the expected outcome and scope of the horizoncl52023d50101 topic by delivering a battery electric iveco edaily minibus with 20 improved range at 0c against the 2023 baseline this is achieved by introducing a highly efficient heating system based on infrared ir panels controlled by a novel usercentric hmi embedding an optimised thermal and energy management strategy tems for improved comfort and reduced energy consumption these activities are complemented with the demonstration of a new hvac unit based on a heat pump capable of reducing the vehicles cooling energy requirements by 15 against the baseline while leveraging the efforts made on the hmi and tems to do so minded encompasses 10 technology bricks organised in three areas heating and cooling system area i including 1 ir heating panels 2 thermal cabin insulation 3 a thermal mannequin for evaluating passenger comfort 4 the optimised hvac unit featuring an ecompressor with gas bearings 5 the required ecus and 6 the usercentric hmi digital twin and control strategy area ii including 7 a new digital twin model 8 an aibased algorithm for predicting driving behaviour 9 the tems and 10 a comfort control strategy for determining optimal settings demonstration and performance evaluation area iii demonstrating the iveco edaily minibus on the dynamometer at trl7 and the hvac unit on the thermolab testbed at trl6beyond the range improvement minded demonstrates a cost reduction of 5 at vehicle level from simplified systems installation and reduced battery requirements and a development time reduction of 30 achieved using the digital twin model and ai the project generates its primary impact in the bus and minibus vehicle segments with the minded technology bricks expected to equip 75 of the iveco bus fleet by 2035 while delivering technologies exploitable in the mediumheavy commercial electric vehicles market