Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
life of giant phages

bacterial viruses phages are ubiquitous and most numerous entities in the biosphere development of sequencing techniques has increased our understanding on the diversity of phages that have not been isolated due to lack of cultivable hosts andor suitable isolation methods while sequence data enables a better view to the viral diversity at the same time lack of functional data and biological connection increases recently different studies have found megaphages mainly phages with a genome over 600 kbp by assembling metagenomes from various environmental samples however no such isolates have been obtained thus far meaning that their characteristics and host interactions are completely unknown in this erc project i will enlighten the life of giant phages the term i coined for both jumbo and megaphages i will achieve this by using the first megaphage isolates that i have isolated from boreal freshwaters during the project evidence on the megaphage structure the host interactions and symbiotic relationship with host will be provided using a unique set of different phage sizes infecting the same host i will determine the size correlation to different life history traits i will provide insight to the mutualistic relationship between bacteria and their viruses and reveal new mechanisms behind phage competition i will also determine the environmental preferences for the megaphage emergence and abundance in boreal freshwaters in this proposal i aim to understand how where and when megaphages are isolated consequently results will aid in understanding the role of megaphages in other environments such as gut microbiome and potentially provide avenues for developing new genetic tools this project will open new understanding for microbial ecology and especially phage ecology and the project will create a new field of study under phage biology
integration through rights in a european society a new theory on the role of law for integration within and beyond a fractured eu

among the many crises of the european union eu the fracturing of its promise to integrate the emerging european society peacefully through law represents a fundamental one at the time of writing martial conflict and pressure through economic sanctions are once again relied upon to assuage conflict in the eus neighbourhood while the authority of eu law has been challenged by several constitutional courts most recently by the romanian and the polish supreme courts in december and september 2021 the question thus is can the eu still rely on the integrative capacity of its law rightstounite addresses this question by placing citizens practical usage of substantive euderived rights at its centre it conceptualises rights as claims between citizens as well as between citizens and states and the eu itself european integration is defined as a process combining citizen into a coherent though diverse society this approach captures whether and if so how integration through rights can succeed in a multipolar society constituted by european union law both in the eu and its neighbourhood while also specifying conditions which are supportive and averse to achieving integration of the emerging european society after theorising conditions for euderived rights to integrate the emerging european society in the eu and its neighbourhood qualitative comparative research is deployed to identify to what extent eu derived rights are part of europes living law in the eu and beyond the qualitative research develops an innovative methodology comprising interactive vignettes visualising scenarios in which eu economic social and digital rights could be relevant this enables crosscultural exploration of citizens everyday experience with eu derived rights in a final step the results are synthesised in a sociolegal theory of integration through rights for the context of the eu and its neighbourhood
an electric contrast medium for computationally intensive electroencephalographies for high resolution brain imaging without skull trepanation

imaging the brain activity is fundamentally important for many brainrelated scientific disciplines among the noninvasive neuroimaging strategies electroencephalography eeg from scalp potentials is one of the primary in eeg the neuroninduced electric potential is measured by using electrodes on the patients scalp the skull however highly resistive shields eeg recordings limiting the spatial resolution the standard way to avoid skull shielding effects is to invasively implant eeg electrodes under the skull ecog or in the brain cortex stereoeeg in both cases after trepanning the patients skull scalp eegs are noninvasive but lack spatial imaging accuracy ecog and stereoeeg are highly accurate but require skull trepanation and they image only a limited part of the brain there is the need for increasing the resolution of scalp eeg providing the same level of accuracy of invasive eegs this will be the grand challenge which cerebro will achieve by conceiving the first ever existing eeg contrast medium able to provide imaging of the entire brain and in a noninvasive way
targeted insula stimulations as treatment for autoimmune disorders

inflammatory bowel diseases ibd are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal gi tract including crohns and ulcerative colitis the prevalence of ibd has been increasing globally and almost doubled from 37 million in 1990 to 68 million in 2017 with the highest prevalence rates observed in europe and north america 422 cases per 100000 population patients with ibd suffer from chronic relapsing abdominal pain urgency and incontinence and depending on the severity of their presentation are at risk of developing acute lifethreatening complications eg severe bleeding fulminant colitis perforation although these conditions primarily affect the gi tract other organ systems such as the eyes skin musculoskeletal system and lungs hepatobiliary and hematologic function might be affected as well as of today the etiology of the disease is largely unknown and the current available treatments are limited in their efficiency and accompanied by significant side effects these treatments largely target inflammatory mediators to suppress excess inflammation these can include general immunosuppression such as highdose corticosteroids or more specific biological agents eg antitnf patients with ibd are dependent on the lifelong administration of immunosuppressive drugs exposing them to multiple adverse effects ranging from systemic infections to metabolic dysregulation and even cancer taken together this is a systemic disease that affects many physiological systems and has a strong emotional component yet treatment with immune suppressive drugs can only alleviate some symptoms and cannot treat the source of the disease nor its broad systemic manifestations
development and validation of the first digital clinical grade flow cytometry platform for enhanced diagnosis accuracy and sustainability in immunology and hemato oncology

after successful development of metaglut1 an ivd medical device for diagnosis of the glut1 deficiency syndrome available for clinical use we are currently focused on developing a new breakthrough solution metaflow flow cytometry fc is a powerful tool widely use in research however the high cost and complexity of interpretation of fc data hampers its full clinical exploitation main painpoints of clinical fc data analysis include need for manual analysis which is accompanied by complexity with increasing number of dimensions lack of robustness and limited scaleup the lack of automated analytical process stems from dearth of robust algorithms limited regulatory compliance and need for considerable coding skills with metaflow we bring to the market the first digital clinical grade fc platform which offers comprehensive data analysis robustness and usability addressing the lost in translational research issue of flow cytometry in the clinics
personalizing virtual brains with neurodegenerative disease noninvasive stimulation approach

tracking of individual progression trajectory of neurodegenerative brain disease such as alzheimers disease ad can enable targeted interventions to prolong active living with increased quality of life and substantially reduce the socioeconomic burden approaches based on mechanistic modeling have the capacity to integrate heterogeneous data and capture the interindividual variability but their application in the case of ad is challenging due to nonidetifiability of relevant parameters from spontaneous brain activity this project will use the recently developed technology for noninvasive brain stimulation the temporal interference to address the key question is the response to stimulation sufficiently informative to allow estimation of the model parameters reflecting the position of an individual along the ad progression trajectory the main objective of this project is to develop and validate a proofofconcept of a brain health status estimation workflow informed by both the response to targeted noninvasive stimulation ti and the resting state dynamics fmri while leveraging the personalized modelbased inference the project will advance along following main axes systematic analysis of parameter identifiability using both stimulation and resting state paradigms development of a personalization workflow combining structural data resting state fmri and the ti and evaluation of model inversion performance using response to different stimulation targets the results of the project have the potential to pioneer personalized mechanistic model inversion in the context of ad and to pave the way for further development of the ad monitoring workflows which can be adapted in routine health screening practices
circadian rhythm from preclinical to postdiagnosis dementia

circadian rhythm cr regulates body functions over the 24hour daynight period sleepwake cycle is its most visible manifestation cr disruptions have long been observed in patients with dementia and emerging evidence points to their presence in the preclinical period of dementia this suggests that certain aspects of cr could be useful in identification of highrisk individuals and could serve as potential targets for interventions to delay dementia onset and progression this requires an indepth understanding of the role of cr in dementia pathogenesis as population ageing increases dementia burden it is critical to find strategies to identify patients at risk of dementia with precision prevent and slow its progression building on recent advances in accelerometery to assess cr features comprehensively and dementia biomarkers deepphenotyping of dementia pathogenesis rhythm in dementia will make a decisive stepchange in knowledge by determining cr features involved in dementia processes along the course of the disease the aims are 1 identify core cr features that shape 10year risk of dementia in a communitydwelling cohort of 4000 older adults 2 uncover specific cr disruptions that characterise major dementia subtypes and stages of alzheimers disease determined by biomarkers in a new cohort of 1500 patients recruited from two memory clinics in paris and 3 ascertain how cr affects dementia prognosis in the patient cohort by examining cognitive and functional decline hospitalisation institutionalisation and mortalitythis project will yield new insight into the nature of the association between cr and dementia progression these findings will ultimately inform the potential for a costeffective and easy to use tool to assess cr features to facilitate both identification of patients at risk of dementia and tailored secondary prevention interventions that address cr disruptions in dementia patients and slow progression of dementia
multi4 the first surgical instrument for bladder cancer treatment through a 20minute outpatient procedure

bladder cancer bc is the most overlooked cancer type in terms of the development of new surgical tools aimed at achieving efficient cancer treatment the instruments used in the operating room have remained unchanged since the 1960s the standard of care involves a rigid metal cystoscope and a surgery under anaesthesia the inherent risks to the patient are manifold encompassing damage to the urethra frictions infections and the potential reseeding of cancer cells elsewhere in the bladder the lack of progress in this field is evident in the statistics this cancer type has the highest recurrence rate of all cancers up to 75 in bc approx 60 of healthcare costs are attributed to patient surveillance and treatment of recurrences bc remains one of the most expensive cancers to manage and treat globallymulti4 established by the experienced surgeon and women innovator miden mellehannah is developing a groundbreaking surgical instrument that allows for effective treatment of bc in outpatient settings this innovation transforms the patients healthcare journey instead of the waiting period for difficult and hazardous surgeries patients can now have their tumours removed directly in the urologists office this advancement is made possible through cuttingedge deep tech innovations in instrument engineering design these innovations result in a surgical tool which integrates four functionalities thus we call it multi4 1 inject local anaesthesia through a thin needle 2 remove cancerous tissue using specially coated forceps 3 transport the cancer tissue out through the instrument itself 4 burn the area where the cancer was located to ensure the elimination of all cancer cellsthis project will close the gap to market for milti4 through clinical studies transfer to production and certification according to mdr the technology we propose is the first attempt since the 1960s to develop a new type of instrumentation for the treatment of bc
mechanisms and functions of brain body environment interactions in c elegans

recent largescarecent largescale neuronal activity recordings in awake behaving animals revealed a new unexpected neuroscientific principle widespread neuronal activity patterns across the brain encode parameters of movement surprisingly these brainwide behavior representations even extend to areas that are implicated in the processing of sensory information eg the visual cortex in mice thus a large fraction of the brains activity seems to be dedicated to representing the animals current ongoing behavior these observations have been made across the animal kingdom including worms flies and mammals suggesting a universal principle however the underlying mechanisms and functions remain unknown in this proposal we take advantage of the tractable model organism c elegans to tackle this problem combining brainwide single cell resolution ca2imaging in freely behaving animals with genetic circuit manipulation tools it was previously recognized that the brain operates in a closed loop actively sensing its body and its environment and making predictions of movement outcomes to optimally control behavior here we propose to reconcile these longstanding concepts with the new observations of brainwide behavior representations our core hypothesis is that sensory to motor transformation is a distributed process incorporating multiple functions like gaincontrol reafference prediction and predictive processing our team is at the forefront of scientific innovation and discoveries in this field and we thereby are making substantial contributions to this currently ongoing paradigm shift in our understanding of how the brain operates studying these phenomena in worms offers a unique and timely opportunity to rapidly uncover the universal functions of brain wide behavioral representations we therefore aim to make fundamental predictions and to formulate new working hypotheses for similar studies in larger model organisms with more complex brains
improving kidney health by targeting urinary biomarkers for tubular function

chronic kidney disease ckd affects one in ten people worldwide and is often progressive progressive ckd not only causes kidney failure but also premature aging cardiovascular disease and loss of quality of life currently progressive ckd can only be diagnosed after irreversible damage to the kidney has already occurred there is therefore an urgent need for earlier biomarkers the kidney consists of filters and tubules but diagnosis of progressive ckd is currently based on filter function alone this is surprising as it is tubular injury that drives ckd progression and it is the tubule that is targeted by recently developed kidneyprotective treatments utube therefore aims to identify and apply nextgeneration biomarkers for kidney tubular function to facilitate the early detection and treatment of progressive ckd my central hypothesis is that the factors that cause tubular injury and ckd progression are present in urine and therefore detectable as biomarkers i will focus on urinary microcrystals and extracellular vesicles evs as the drivers of tubular injury which i will first study in tubuloids using a multiomics approach subsequently i will perform a largescale analysis of crystallization and evs in urine samples from people with stable or progressive ckd i will then single out those biomarkers that can be targeted by kidneyprotective treatment these targetable biomarkers will be moved forward for the development of a highthroughput tubular panel that i will test for its potential to predict progressive ckd compared to a gold standard test for tubular function utube will use cuttingedge innovations to identify urinary biomarkers for tubular function that are targetable and implementable in clinical practice if successful it will advance the prediction of ckd progression and as such redefine how we assess kidney health by enabling early kidneyprotective treatment utube has the potential to vastly improve ckd outcomes
xchromosome biology and immune health in females

females have a higher risk for autoimmune disease and lower risk of mortality from infectious disease than males reflecting a more robust immune response in females against both selfantigens autoimmunity and nonselfantigens infections genes that escape the process of xinactivation xci are present in a higher dose in female cells and many play key roles in tcell biology xxhealth will reveal the role of escape genes in mediating sexdifferences in tcell response different cells in a tissue can inactivate the maternal xm or paternal xchromosome xp mosaicism in addition different ratios of xm and xp may become silenced in cells of a given tissue resulting in skewed xinactivation sxci rendering functional dissection of xci very challenging rare females 1300 inactivate the same parental xchromosome in all cells cxci removing the confounding effect of mosaicism and offering a powerful genetic system in which to dissect xci in tcell biology we will develop a novel methodology trixseq allowing highresolution screening of sxci and cxci in a large n8000 unselected cohort of females using tcells isolated from identified cxci females we will i generate a unique multiomic map of xci during human tcell differentiation at a resolution well beyond the stateoftheart and ii directly test the function of alleles specifically expressed from the inactive xchromosome xi in tcell biology with sxci data in hand we will also reveal the associations if any of sxci with disease risk and use the unique availability of parental and grandparental dna to assess the genetic origin of cxci sexbias in covid19 mortality has highlighted the importance of sex as a contributor to disease risk the technical and conceptual advances delivered by xxhealth will make a seminal contribution to our understanding of this poorly understood component of human health
drivers of demographic dynamics

this project aims to reconstruct the human demography of sw amazonia during the holocene and to reveal the role of environmental and cultural changes in shaping it despite decades of research the relative importance of environmental vs cultural factors in determining prehistoric population growth is still one of archaeologys greatest scientific challenges reaching an agreement about the drivers of demographic dynamics is very difficult because of the fragmentary incomplete and biased nature of archaeological records demodrivers is designed to overcome this problem this fiveyear interdisciplinary project will investigate the patterns and drivers of human demographic dynamics by focusing on a regional case study the llanos de moxos lm in the bolivian amazon that has a potentially unparalleled explanatory power this region at the southwestern end of the amazon hosts a recently discovered almost complete archaeological record made up of 4700 sites spanning 8300 years and distributed over 100000 km2 this area is unique in the world offering us the first opportunity to quantify how far demographic trends and patterns responded to exogenous climate landscape and endogenous culture technology variables this project will exploit the full potential of the lm archaeological record by taking an unconventional approach the density of the occupation and its spatial and temporal boundaries will be measured by studying 150 stratigraphic cores extracted from 100 evenly distributed archaeological sites the approach is interdisciplinary integrating conventional archaeology with stateofart geoarchaeology biomarkers paleoclimatology palaeoecology and artificial intelligence the results of the project will provide a very thoroughly documented case study against which other models and reconstructions based on incomplete fragmented and often biased datasets can be compared the results of the project have broad implications across several disciplines
optic fibrebased hydrogen leak control systems

hydrogen has emerged as a required fuel and commodity needed for the decarbonization of the generation distribution storage and energy consumption through the eu hydrogen strategy the ec recognised the important role of hydrogen and the need for the hydrogen market to be significantly scaled up the boost in hydrogen production and its introduction in the energy market has arised one important issue leakage of hydrogen during its storage transportation and distribution this leakage produces two negative side effects there is a safety issue derived from the hydrogens broad flammability range 4 to 74 concentration in air and it contributes to a net emmission of greenhouse gases ghg by depleting hydroxyl radicals oh thus increasing the atmosperic lifetime of methane and influencing tropospheric ozone formation with an estimate accumulation effect of 58 increase over 100 yearsthe green2tsoopthycs project will aim to develop new sensor technologies for continuous leak detectors based on optical fibre sensors technologies which will lead to an increase in the safety level of hydrogen applications from production to storage and distribution both in new infrastructure working with pure h2 and in natural gas repurposed installations and pipelines contributing to a safe and economically viable implementation of h2 production transport and storage processes ophtycs project is built upon 3 conceptual areas a technology pillars analysis and definition of new sensor technology b validation of key use cases pipelines hrs and midstream sites compression metering stations etc of the new technologies in 3 different controlled validation sites and c aspects of the technologies derived from the use cases including the assessment of the security and environmental risks evaluations and regulatory framework and a scalability and cost efficiency study