Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
enhancing emergency department safety efficacy and costeffectiveness by artificial intelligence

background emergency care costs are increasing in developed societies both in rates of emergency department ed visits per person and in costs per visit and are growing faster than other areas of healthcare spending with limited and unstructured data ed staff make quick decisions about probabilities for multiple diagnoses and risks both underestimation and overestimation of these probabilities lead to increased costs and patient harm hence there is desperate need for clinical decisionsupport systems in the ed aim to develop a clinical decision support system for emergency medicine doctors using sensor data health records data and patientreported data validated in a randomized clinical trial in order to improve the safety efficacy and costeffectiveness of emergency care objectives we will develop machine learning mlpowered diagnosis and risk prediction algorithms for common and dangerous conditions based on age sex presenting complaints previous diagnoses ecgs and vital parameters develop and validate a patientcentred technical platform for collecting storing and sharing patientreported data and threedimensional symptom drawings develop mlpowered diagnosis and risk prediction algorithms for common and dangerous conditions based on patientreported data and symptom drawings conduct a largescale prospective ed data collection for internal and external validation of ml models using a common format for online applications and for further data collection develop a bayesian networkpowered edbased clinical decision support system that generates probabilities for diagnoses and 30day mortality risks and suggestions for the most valuable next step from data in multiple formats with visual representation of probabilities risks and uncertainties and bayes factors for potential next steps and conduct a randomized clinical trial investigating the usefulness effectiveness and safety of the new decision support system
development and massdissemination of intervention to mobilize prosocial bystander reactions to hostile content on social media

while usergenerated content and functionalities that enable users to engage in discussions on social media hold significant democratic potential online hostility such as incivility discrimination and hate speech diminishes the quality of such deliberation as social media providers are unable to police social media content and be present to moderate discussions effectively we need to democratize the solution to online hostility by relying more on ordinary citizens who take part in online discussions to react and intervene as bystanders when they witness hostile behavior however to realize the potential of prosocial bystander reactions to online hostility we need to overcome the tendency for diffusion of responsibility and bystander apathy in situations of online hostility we need behavior change away from the current norm of passivity this requires encouragement of prosocial bystander reactions through interventions providing guidance and motivation building on an extensive behavioral analysis of bystander behavior in response to online hostility carried out within the erccog standbyproject we have developed and pilottested such a guidance message the speak up report supportintervention which has proven effective in mobilizing prosocial bystander reactions to online hostility the aim of the standbycommsproject is to 1 further improve this intervention through collaboration with worldleading experts in behavior change interventions on social media and enduser engagement media corporations ngos political parties individual politicians etc who are providers of comment sections on social media platforms 2 field test the intervention at scale and 3 build and market an online library facilitating massdissemination of the intervention freeofcharge to endusers the intervention will be made available in multiple languages and adaptations for different platforms along with implementation guides
focused ultrasound and microbubbles targeting alphasynuclein pathologyrelated dementia fuma

over half of parkinson disease patients develop cortical dysfunctions leading to parkinson disease dementia pdd the cognitive changes are primarily driven by pathological alphasynuclein asyn protein aggregates with secondary synaptic dysfunctions in the cortex microglia plays a key role in synapse maintenance and clearance of aggregated asyn proteins however this is impaired in pd low intensity focused ultrasound fus combined with intravenous microbubbles mb can noninvasively increase the permeability of the bloodbrain barrier resulting in a transient and controlled entry of bloodborn substances in animal models of alzheimer disease fusmb treatments increase microglialmediated clearance of extra and intracellular protein aggregates and improve synapse health in small patient cohorts in the clinic fusmb treatments are safe and results suggest decreased levels of pathological proteins in alzheimer disease patients hypothesis fusmb applications targeted to the cortex promote cortical asyn clearance and synapse maintenance which can prevent or slow the development of dementia in pdin a mouse model of pdd we will determine the ability of fusmb treatment to increase microglialmediated clearance of asyn maintain synapse health and inhibit the development of cognitive dysfunctions in addition we aim to evaluate noninvasive positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging as biomarkers of the effects of fusmb treatment finally we will investigate the underlying pathway of potentially beneficial effects of fusmb treatments by measuring changes in specific pathways of interest as well as perform an unbiased screen for novel targetsboth the researcher and supervisor have a background in parkinson disease research the researcher brings expertise in fusmb treatments of mouse models and the supervisor is an expert in preclinical and clinical neuromodulation the latter with fus
mix and match onestep activation for targeted drug delivery

current clinically approved drug delivery systems such as liposome pegylated liposome and polymeric micelle predominantly rely on passive accumulation within tumor tissues by diffusion through the defective tumor vessels during circulation the targeting efficacy toward cancer cells is very limited due to their inadequate interaction with cancer cells the attachment of targeting ligands to nanocarriers has demonstrated its effectiveness in enhancing binding affinity and consequently facilitating cellular uptake via receptormediated endocytosis however the conventional methods employed for ligand attachment suffer from harsh conditions low efficiency and limited control over ligand orientation these drawbacks compromise the targeting performance and are believed to result in the current absence of a targeted drug delivery system on the market in this project we propose a simple efficient and mild attachment method to spontaneously activate on demand nanocarriers this innovative approach has the potential to have a multi level effect first to revolutionize various fields including drug delivery diagnostics and nanotechnology by providing advanced tools for targeted therapies and diagnostics secondly by developing novel methodologies that can be applied to existing technologies to enhance uptake localization and efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity thus potentially shifting the health economic balance for some treatments which were previously inaccessible
addressing mental health vulnerabilities from adolescence to older age innovating prevention science for times of change

mental health has been identified as an urgent priority in europe but is under critical threat because of climate change digitalization socioeconomic inequities migration aging populations and covid19 protecting the mental health of vulnerable populations in these times of change requires innovative solutions beyond treatment in the clinical healthcare system advance is a wideranging project which will deepen the understanding of the mental health promotion and prevention field it will provide specific programmes which can be replicated for key groups in diverse countries in europe and create the guidance and methodologies required to ensure that effective mental health programmes can be developed adapted implemented assessed and scaled we propose an ambitious mixedmethods project with overarching interdisciplinary focus on social justice our study encompasses 1 a rigorous cocreation process with endusers practitioners and policy makers 2 an interrelated set of intervention studies with diverse vulnerable populations from youth to old age and 3 scalingup strategy development we will conduct five trials and an implementation study participants will be youth affected by climate change in germany socioeconomically disadvantaged young adults in lithuania working adults in highly digitalized work environments in the netherlands migrants in italy and denmark and older adults in switzerlandall intervention studies will include adaptation through humancentred design participatory process evaluations stigma prevention and scaling strategy development we will deliver situational analyses intervention packages and scaling strategies in 7 countries based on our research across a range of developmental stages risks and settings we will be able to deliver 5 higherlevel synthesis guidelines widely applicable in europe collected in the publicfacing openly accessible advance resource package
joining the forces of natural killer cells and ferroptosis to treat refractory neuroblastoma

neuroblastoma nb a rare paediatric solid tumour accounts for 15 of childhood cancer deaths immunotherapy has improved the survival for haematological malignancies but solid tumours remain a challenge the high heterogeneity low mutational load and strong immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment itme have hindered the success of immunotherapy in nb recently natural killer nk cells have stood as a promising immunotherapeutic tool as they dont depend on specific mutations still clinical trials for nb show only modest results proving further action is needed to overcome the itme late findings show that refractory tumours often respond to ferroptosis a novel cell death mechanism that is highly immunogenic cancer cells undergoing ferroptosis release hmgb1 and other wellknown recruiters of nk cells moreover ferroptotic drugs can act through several mechanisms and can be adapted to patients with different tumour characteristics the goal of ironkiller is to combine ferroptotic drugs with nk cell therapy to treat refractory nb and to perform in silico modelling of the results to predict which patients would benefit from this novel therapyi am an experienced biologist and engineer joining a clinical research group strong in immunotherapies we will follow an in vitroin vivoin silico strategy that will cover a variety of disciplines from basic biology and preclinical research all the way to bioinformatics and machine learning i will reinforce my experience in cell death mechanisms and translational research and i will also acquire new knowledge and skills in the areas of cell immunotherapy and oncological mathematical modelling the latter through a secondment at an academic institution along with the research work the diverse training management and communication activities planned will play a key role in advancing my professional development towards becoming an independent academic group leader in translational cancer research
haptic sensing skin for biomedical applications with soft magnetorheological elastomers

sensorial and tacsensorial and tactile information represent the base of all surgical procedures in medicine the vision sense has been and continues to be developed extensively by use of microcameras mri xrays and many others nonetheless in many cases the vision is not enough the touch sense is necessary to identify the stiffness of the underlying organ or tissue and press more or less to perform a cut remove a tumor or even move a catheter inside a curved vain this stiffness is transmitted to the finger of the surgeon as a pressuredeformation information this haptic sense is present naturally in our fingertips nevertheless with the recent development of noninvasive techniques the surgeon operates robotic devices that deliver optical information via a screen but loses all haptic information since hisher fingers are not in direct contact with the organ the present project aims at proposing a novel material a magnetorheological elastomer mre membrane as a haptic sensor mres are soft elastomeric materials comprising magnetic particles thus being able to deform significantly upon application of an external magnetic field recently it was shown that by fabricating them in exotic or slender geometries one can exploit their resulting instabilities to shape surfaces induce programmable swelling and deswelling or even create swimming microrobots and externally controllable catheters all those applications use mres as actuators by contrast here we plan to exploit the reverse operation that of sensing ie induce magnetic field changes via deformation the principle lies in using the inherent magnetomechanical coupling to induce readable magnetic fields when the mre deforms the reading of the fields can then be translated back to a deformation and a force thus being able to sense soft or stiff objects the very soft nature of mres will allow for a very sensitive measurement of forces as low as those felt by touching a soft gel or babyskin
optoelectronic and alloptical hyperspin machines for largescale computing

efficient hardware for combinatorial optimization and machine learning impacts science engineering and society with new computational models photonics tackle problems intractable with conventional computing systems however existing devices only scale up to thousands of spins and operate at the second timescale i demonstrate photonic machines for ultrafast parallel processing of millions of spins with microsecond timescale the strategy is minimizing a class of functions the ising hamiltonian by a new computational system that uses a highdimensional feature space and speeds up optimization by orders of magnitude by ultrafast nonlinear optical processes i build digital optoelectronics and alloptical classical and quantum devices and benchmark with realworld largescale problemsby spatial modulation technology and a cheap simple and scalable design light propagation is recurrently trained towards the ground state of a programmable ising hamiltonian starting from my proofofconcept first i aim at the energetically efficient computing of largescale hamiltonians second i include selfoptimizing alloptical nonlinear ultrafast phaselocking processes third i demonstrate record combinatorial optimization by letting the spins evolve in a high dimensional space to guarantee high success probabilityhyperspim leverages the interplay of classical and quantum dynamics through the onset of entanglement and squeezing the unprecedented scale and versatility allow the first quantum optimization tests for realworld complex computational taskshyperspim achieves the fastest and biggest optical computing device operating in classical and quantum regimes in an interdisciplinary route towards new photonic artificial intelligence largescale alloptical computing and fundamental science
increase corporate political responsibility and accountability inca

inca project investigates the impact that socalled digital platforms have on european democracies and institutions indeed while promoting economic growth and labour transformations these platforms pose challenges to policymakers and citizens in relation to people participation in decisionmaking processes wealth inequalities and erosion of trust into public institutions in particular socalled gafam google amazon facebook apple and microsoft are becoming more and more infrastructures for opinionmaking labour organization and political debate their increasing power in shaping and influencing such issues through lobbying industrial relations and cultural impact opened up a wide debate on the way to deal with these transformations while european societies grew up based on liberal democracies and institutions with their capacity to sustain a coordinated market economy today their role seems to be reduced because of the difficulties to regulate platforms corporate power that spread through politics economy and cultureinca aims todefine forms to sustain trust in institutions and new models of governance capable to combine the growth of platforms with social inclusion and citizens participation in decision making processesstimulate alternative business models and industrial relations so to make gafam and platforms accountable to social fairness while preserving their innovationto clarify the way gafam influence european citizens opinion conditioning democratic processesexploring the sociohistorical roots behind platforms growth and the erosion of a coordinated market economy collecting solid data on gafam lobbying industrial relations and opinionmaking and producing participatory actions for the empowerment of democratic processes and citizens engagement inca contributes to instil greater democratic accountability and inclusion in economic processes prompted by digital transformations
computational multimodels enabled design of safe sustainable multicomponent highentropy coatings

the project is directed at addressing challenges for developing nextgeneration highentropyalloybased multicomponent green free of toxic substances and sustainable rare earth free minimum critical metal elements coatings with predictable functionalities performance and life aiming at increasing wear resistance by 100 corrosionoxidation rethe project is directed at addressing challenges for developing next generation high entropy alloybased multicomponent green free of toxic substances and sustainable rare earth free minimum critical metal elements coatings with predictable functionalities performance and life hardness wear resistance increased by 50100 corrosion resistance increased by 2040 and thermal stability oxidation resistance increased by 3060 and effectively reduced use of crms by 3040 by integrating aiml underpinned computational modelling with safe and sustainability by design framework facilitated by highthroughput characterisation evaluation these developments together will lead to a much efficient approach and tool to support the codesign of coating materials and substrate systems optimisation of pvd processes and reduced overall new coating system development cycle time by 50100 and material savings and waste reductions for developing the new coating systems by at least by 45 folds comparing to traditional experimental trials and error approaches the advancement of m2desco will contribute to combating the loss in eu region caused by corrosion and wear excellently increase the global profile and competitive edge of eu modelling community and significantly strengthen the competitiveness of eu coating research and business with an european market size of 196 mill in 2020 and 421m in 2026 for anticorrosion coatings and antiwear hard coatings respectively thus greatly benefiting the wider manufacturing chain and effectively increasing the global competitiveness and the resilience of eu industry
becoming national against the state popular discontent and adherence to minority nationalisms in late nineteenthcentury eastern europe

based on transnational comparisons our project probes into nonelite adherence to minority nationalisms in rural eastern europe between the 1870s and the first world war we compare six case studies we focus on state agency as a driving factor to offer a corrective to the currently predominant onesided emphasis on the nexus between nationalist activists and the people in the broader eastern europe most national movements defined their constituencies in disregard of existing borders we try to demonstrate that the states structures in which these populations lived inadvertently conspired with national movements to constitute minorities disaffected with them they did so on two levels first by expanding their infrastructural reach they inflicted harm especially on rural people and made themselves an easier target for economic and social grievances second they reinterpreted certain populations as foreign a problem and a threat to the security and integrity of the state they implemented special policies to assimilate or contain them and proactively framed their dissatisfaction as a sign of nationalist yearnings by retrieving voices from below we propose to clarify how far these processes aided successful national mobilization in minority some of our more specific research questions are the following what hopes did rural people attach to national movements were they interested in modern public services from a state controlled by their coethnics or rather did they expect national movements to shield them from any kind of state interference what state policies did they react against and how did these differ from the ones that the elites of national movements resented did popular voices about the state administration and policies echo elite framings finally did popular understandings shape more democratic twentiethcentury right or leftwing brands of nationalism
a long way to a new cosmology theories of tides in premodern thought

this project offers the first comprehensive study of premodern engagement with the relatively neglected yet highly problematic natural phenomenon of tides it argues that the flow and ebb effect was an essential component of cosmological discussions in premodern europe and attracted the attention of all major scholars whom we currently associate with the socalled scientific revolution the competition amongst prominent thinkers involved in the study of astronomy and mathematics left its mark on a considerable number of works on tides while the contesting solutions were believed to constitute a valid argument in favor of the respective cosmological theories this also implies that the issue of determining the flow and ebb of water formed part of a larger discourse that went beyond strict mathematization of natural knowledge and reflected on a more general level a peculiar understanding of the cosmos and all it contains furthermore the project makes an addition to a field of study that has been burgeoning in past years considering the current climate crisis several studies have recently devoted attention to premodern reflections on nature especially with regard to various types of calamities despite not being considered a disaster because of their recurring and predictable character tides were nonetheless seen as potentially devastating if not controlled and properly understood although inevitably put in relation with a discourse of the flood tidal accounts were largely devoid of metaphysical features instead seeking out plausible mechanistic interpretations of the motion of water at the same time contrary to what has been suggested in scholarship establishing the origin of tides was never regarded as a mere physicomathematical exercise but generally presented a matter of environmental concernthus this project provides a synthetic account of premodern discourses of tides in their cosmological and environmental dimensions