Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
intermediation and trust in the regulatory state more regulation less trust

regulation is sometimes a manifestation of distrust but on other times it is a manifestation of trust when do trust and regulation compete substitute for and mutuallysupport each other how can we maximize the benefits of both is the proliferation of rules around us a manifestation of growing distrust or trust is the regulatory state necessarily a lowtrust state to answer these questions regtrust introduces intermediation as a governance mechanism and intermediaries as third parties in trust and regulatory interactions intermediaries certify products report compliance rank organizations label products monitor performance screen behavior whistleblow misbehavior and audit organizations the regulation literature treats them as regulatory actors the trust literature as trustees yet intermediaries are both trustees and regulatees both subjects and objects of trust and regulation most importantly they may determine successes and failures winners and losers of trust and regulation at their best intermediaries reinforce regulation and trust and promote polycentric pluralist structures of governance at their worst they undermine trust in regulation leading to vicious cycles of failure and recentralization monocentric governance regtrust examines under which conditions why how and to what effects trust and regulation compete substitute for or mutuallysupport each other we problematize the role of intermediaries develop a threeactor triadic model of governance and assess its institutional macropolitical consequences going beyond the state of the art this project sheds light on the multiple interactions of trust and regulation in policy and politics it advances the theory of intermediation advances the interaction of trust and regulation as a central element of the governance literature and explores the conditions that may make a regulatory state into a hightrust state
photoelectro integrated nextgeneration energy technologies

to combat global warming achieving netzero or netnegative co2 emissions is imperative the eu aligning with the paris agreement aims to reduce emissions by 40 and increase renewables share to 32 by 2030 another challenge that the globe faces is the massive accumulation of pet plastic waste prompting the eu to seek innovative recycling solutions solarpowered systems offer a clean costeffective alternative by converting co2 into fuels while simultaneously recycling pet waste into highvalue products moreover integrating pet oxidation also aims to overcome the substantial overpotential loss associated with conventional reactions making the process more efficient the project phoenix seeks to facilitate the stepwise conversion of co2 initially from co2 to co followed by converting co into propanol and simultaneously transform pet plastic waste into glycolic acid through an innovative strategy the proposed concept stems from designing a multireactor co2 reduction pathway that smoothly integrates photovoltaicelectrolyzer pvec and photoelectrochemical pec technologies to facilitate these processes phoenix will develop and integrate an advanced tandem photovoltaic system that generates 2 v novel electrocatalysts that convert co to nproh and pet to glycolic acid and efficient photoelectrodes finally the phoenix concept will also be validated to trl 34 through a labscale demonstration identifying and tackling the environmental impact through life cycle assessment and evaluating the materials recyclability phoenix addresses two pressing global issues in a highriskhighreturn kind of approach ultimately promoting a breakthrough in the renewable energy sector
copperii induced oxidation of enolates via visible light induced homolysis

cuiivlih is envisaged and designed to develop novel synthetic strategies to access a wide variety of bioactive cyclic and acyclic 14dicarbonyl organic compounds via cuii mediated oxidation of enolates using visible light induced homolysis vlih considering the earth abundance and low cost cuiibased complexes are recently being utilized as efficient photocatalysts and as lowcost alternative to the ru or irbased complexes a range of cuiicomplexes will be screened in the proposed work for optimizing the efficiency of the aforementioned enolate oxidation processes via photoredox catalysis the most effective catalyst will oxidatively activate the substrates and the reactions will proceed through the generation of photoinduced reactive species enol radicals that can be productively exploited for the synthesis of a range of biologically significant dicarbonyl compounds by successive reaction with an alkene acceptor followed by quenching with molecular oxygen cuiivlih will address the longstanding problem of finding an appropriate classical activation mode for different varieties of enolizable ketones by providing a remarkable activation mode through the formation of enol radical intermediates cuiivlih also aims to bridge the gap between the fields of medicine and energy by enabling facile and highly selective synthesis of a wide array of high value heterocyclic moieties by utilizing copper complexes as environmentally benign photoredox catalysts and visible light as a sustainable source of energy the successful photoactivation of enolates and subsequent combination of enol radical with suitable alkene acceptors in the presence of molecular oxygen would also allow synthesis of various carbocyclic and heterocyclic natural products such as convulatamydine a and pharmaceutically relevant compounds like ag041r serotonin 5ht1a receptor antagonist via latestage modifications
terahertz integrated biosensing from molecular vesicular to the cellular and tissue level teraibs

thz biosensorics is a strongly growing field of research as many biomolecules and biomolecular complexes exhibit applicationrelevant intramolecular and intermolecular resonances in this frequency range with great potential for a wide range of biomedical and diagnostic applications the teralbs project aims to develop a radically new technology based on thz radiation for biomedical detection and diagnosis based on a team of doctoral candidates dcs with the necessary indepth background in devices and systems spectroscopic techniques and biomedical measurement knowledge using thz radiation to this end all dcs projects are built around three major technological challenges of thz technology for biomedical applications the development of costeffective sensitive integrated thz technologies the exploitation of the high specificity multianalyte capabilities of thz and the development of flexible and reliable thz analytical instrumentation and robust information extraction the dcs projects configure a research programme structured in three research lines which guide all technological developments in the project rl1 on biomolecules rl2 on vesicles and viruses and rl3 on organonchip sensing at the end of the project all the technological developments will be brought together in three demonstrators a modular allelectronic system for the readout of metamaterialbased thz biosensors a fully integrated photonic thz sensor for biomedical applications and an organonchip model that will be used to validate the different thz sensors and technologies developed in the project in a biomedicalrelevant scenario the multidisciplinary knowledge gained by the dcs will enable them to explore new concepts in the broad field of future biomedical applications equipped with an attractive set of transferable skills relevant to innovation longterm employability and leadership in the field of biomedical applications and thz technologies
female leadership and effects from african droughts

femlead challenges present scholarship by proposing a new link between climate change and gender what if weatherrelated disasters such as droughts risk hurting recent advances of women as political leaders in african countries focusing on droughts public opinion and political representation its objective is to gain theoretical and empirical insights of links between weatherrelated disasters and womens political standing i pose two major questions q1 how and why do droughts affect the citizen demand for female politicians q2 how and why do droughts affect the supply of female candidates and the presence of elected womeni develop and test theoretical expectations in two directions first on citizens demand for female leaders q1 this vein is investigated through three rigorous methods i analyze observational data where geocoded information on droughts is connected to survey respondents across africa and over time exploring mechanisms i focus on south african droughtaffected communities using indepth interviews to test causal mechanisms i implement creative survey experiments with information treatments on droughts and candidate preferences second i study the electoral arena q2 i focus on droughts and local elections across african countries and especially on south africa with a unique complete register of candidates and representatives across wards for two decades i also interview party gatekeepers and finally look at aggregated trends across countriesi build on my long publication record and local network in the field having conducted pilotstudies the inquiry of q1 is feasible yet novel having access to highquality data that no one has analyzed the study of q2 promises groundbreaking findings femlead will result in a new theoretical framework and rich empirical insights by investigating this link i contribute with a new perspective to the literatures on gender climate changes and electoral effects of disasters
understanding lightning from the lab initiation propagation and xray emissions

despite the huge impact of lightning its fundamental properties are still very poorly understood with this project i want to build an infrastructure of carefully designed laboratory experiments in a novel physical regime that will provide the conditions required to understand lightning phenomena i will use this to answer some of the major open questions in lightning and high voltage discharge research i will provide major scientific breakthroughs to answer the questions on 1 how lightning is initiated 2 how lightning propagates by socalled leaders and 3 how these leaders emit energetic radiation xrays the experiments will be complemented by dedicated numerical simulations for the best interpretation initiation of lightning within thunderclouds involves a complex yet not understood interplay between electric fields ice particles charges and cosmic rays i will have icelike particles fall through varying electric fields in the novel discharge chamber and observe when discharges form and when they are strong enough to initiate lightning once initiated lightning propagates through socalled leader discharges but the exact mechanism has only been hypothesized i want to understand how this is controlled by streamer discharges around it during inception and propagation lightning emits xrays and other energetic radiation with energies far above expected electron energies i will pinpoint the location and mechanism of such emissions with high reproducibility the experiments will be unique in the world due to the large discharge chamber its highly controlled atmosphere and its accompanying pulse source surpassing existing experiments by orders in voltage risetime and amplitude this will expose new physical phenomena and thereby lead to great insights and uses for the lightning community validation of simulations and theories and understanding of lightning radio emissions and for high voltage engineers tools to improve their devices
the missing link inhibitory interneurons as the core of anxiety and depression comorbidity

rates of depression and anxiety are constantly surging resulting in a growing global mental health crisis these two disorders have a remarkably high prevalence of comorbidity with anxiety generally preceding depression however the biological basis of these disorders and their comorbidity is poorly understood leaving millions of patients with inadequate treatments and thus an urgent need for improved medications accumulating evidence suggests that both disorders involve gabaergic deficits but the nature of these deficits is undefined and may be the holy grail for cracking the mysteries of depression and anxiety comorbidity here i will apply cuttingedge technologies to focus on hippocampal gabaergic interneurons ins and propose a datadriven hypothesis for the cellular and molecular basis of anxiety and depression comorbidity i suggest that ins selectively recruit microglia to reshape inhibition in the depressed brain this hypothesis may provide the missing link between major hallmarks of depression gabaergic deficits synaptic loss and neuroinflammation i seek to unravel the molecular adaptations of ins to stress that lead to microglia recruitment and connect them with anxiety preceding depression finally i will elucidate a novel model for innate anxiolysis mediated by local dendritic translation in ins i will combine for the first time the robustness of two analytical methods translating ribosome sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify the involved genes the ins subtypes expressing them and their hippocampal location these data will be complemented by calcium imaging behavioral tests imaging connectomics and electrophysiology zoomins targets an urgent public health concern by providing a novel hypothesis for a longstanding question what causes anxiety and depression comorbidity the results of this ambitious project will set the ground for the development of instargeting medications giving hope to millions worldwide
second implementation project for the eric forum

the erics european research infrastructure consortia under the umbrella of the eric forum represent one of the leading science policy voices in europe and play a key role in structuring the research infrastructure landscape following the successful setup and implementation of the eric forum 20192022 further efforts are needed to consolidate its achievements and expand the coordination and monitoring of the erics this project aims to structure the cooperation between erics support the implementation of the eric regulation and erics services and consolidate the integration of the erics in the european research area by deepening the eric forums contribution to research policiesto reach its objectives the project relies on a multidisciplinary consortium involving all identified erics both multi and singlesited and representing the five science clusters of the ericsthe project is structured in four thematic pillars 1 monitoring and reporting 2 reinforcing european research infrastructure policy and international cooperation 3 implementing the eric regulation strengthening capacities and identifying possible shared resources 4 coordinating the project eric forum executive board secretariat and communicationthe activities carried out within the project will ensure the implementation of specific results on three key target groups the erics and ericstobe in order to increase their knowledge and propose solutions for key aspects of the eric regulation implementation the policymakers and stakeholders by settingup and managing the new eric forum monitoring and reporting platform thus ensuring an easy access to updated and consolidated data and information about the erics as well a further strengthened role in the european science policy and finally the users as the project will investigate the sustainability and open access of its services as well as address the challenges related to the commercial aspects of service provision
networking center for excellence in nanoelectronic devices for air monitoring

the overarching goals of net4air are i to significantly advance excellence capacity and resources in imt with a view of addressing the research and innovation gap and imbalance within europe ii to broadly increase imt expertise knowhow and attractiveness in innovative nanotechnologies materials devices smart systems data analytics and bestpractices for environment monitoring iii to bring the imt research education and technology capacity to the new stage of open science by enlarging its european partnership and by establishing a collaborative program with state representatives local agencies research centres universities industry and citizen associations iv to foster regional excellence in devices and practices for air quality monitoring v to engage romanian citizens in a participatory approach to air quality science and vi to apply european green deal principles for saving our environment and contribute to citizens health wellbeing and prosperity these goals will be translated in concrete actions using the specific twinning coordination support activities articulated in seven work packages a plethora of activities such as training staff exchanges events attendance and organisation and a networking centre for excellence in environmental monitoring and remediation will be implemented to support net4air activities and to foster regional excellence in the field of air monitoring an exploratory research project aiming to develop a low cost wearableportable nanoelectonic based platform for air monitoring demonstrated in four use cases will significantly contribute to societal economic and environmental impact of net4air a new department for research management and administration at imt will enhance its capacity to initiate and join eu project and initiatives the gender equality diversity and inclusion strategy will be carefully implemented including hiring people for new jobs created in the project and beyond
nano meta components for electronic smart wireless systems

new communications and radar systems require small and tunable highfrequency devices since their backbone is the internetofthings iot the need for ultrafast lowenergyconsumption information processing of an exponentially increasing data volume willlead to a global mobile traffic reaching 4394 eb by 2030 thus starting the 6g era data rate up to 1 tbs of an ubiquitous virtualexistence in todays wireless applications radar sensors play one of the major roles due to the increased need for higher sensitivityand nondestructive inspection systems the frequency of the radar sensors has reached up to 300ghz on siliconbased technologieson the other side 60ghz radar sensing is considered one of the main products for smart home nondestructive materialclassification monitoring vital signals and all the iot application that need micromotion detection the market penetration for thesesensors is now hampered by i the limited antenna performance mainly for the 300ghz case and ii the frequency selectivity andtunability mainly for the 60ghz case smartway proposes novel architectures based on new paradigms that exhibit a significantdecrease in energy consumption while improving on speedperformance and miniaturization the disruptive nature of the targetedapproach relies on a progress towards the waferscale integration of twodimensional 2d materials metamaterials mms andcarbon nanotubes cnts into radar sensor suitable for iot sensing applications at both millimetrewaves ie 2460ghz and thzfrequencies ie 240300ghz the final outcomes of the project will be two demonstrators apt to provide industry compatiblesolutions for radar sensor technologies for the first time the nanotechnological paradigms 2d materials and cnts will beharmonized with the mm concept thus producing brandnew designs of largescale complete systems with emphasis oncompatibility and integration of different materialstechnologies
reconfigurable intelligent surfaceassisted vlc for batteryfree iot devices

the vast development of smart communication devices for the internet of things iot is incurring an everincreasing demand of wireless data services and energy sources it is expected to witness a growth of connected iot devices in the next few years reaching up to tens of billions currently these devices rely on batteries for its operation but the battery recycling is a delicate matter that has a negative environmental impact due to their chemical components thus it is reasonable to think that future communication systems must comply with energyefficiency standards by minimizing the use of batteries and then reduce its carbon footprint the main objective of risavlc is to enable batteryfree iot devices by engineering thanks to reflective intelligent surfaces ris the propagation channel of the visible light communication vlc technology to this end i will retrofit the pervasive deployment of indoor leds to provide a robust communication link and an enhanced light power received at iot devices in the outgoing phase at university of virginia i will characterize ris to perform the additional channel path which i will also model then i will study its effect in the communication and lighting performance in the return phase at the universidad carlos iii de madrid i will research novel signalprocessing and communication techniques to exploit the manageable channel proposed during the outgoing phase besides i will establish guidelines for creating batteryfree vlcenabled iot devices the training activities proposed are fundamental for the achievement of risavlc and my personal career goalsrisavlc guarantees a threeway transfer of knowledge since it combines my past experience in theoretical vlc techniques and vlc prototyping with supervisors expertise on optimization of systems vlc reflection exploitation and advanced signal processing and communication techniques
simulationbased imaging a new tool for revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease

the 3d timeresolved blood flow measurement technique known as 4d flow magnetic resonance imaging mri is highly valuable for research and can play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease cvd diagnosis and treatment planning however it is limited by the fundamental tradeoff between resolution image quality and scan time since current 4d flow mri methods use compressed sensing or spatiotemporal acceleration to achieve only a spatial resolution of 13mm and temporal resolution of 25100ms in a scan time of 10 minutes to overcome this challenge simulationbased imaging sbi may provide a method to augment 4d flow mri data by fitting computational fluid dynamics cfd simulation to lowresolution and noisy 4d flow mri datathe primary objective of sbi is to generate a highresolution velocity field by optimizing the simulation to closely match the available data this approach overcomes the aforementioned limitations of 4d flow mri which often suffers from inherent errors in resolution and scan time leading to both quantitative and qualitative discrepancies by utilizing sbi a more precise and comprehensive visualization of blood flow can be achievedtherefore the ultimate goal of this project is to develop a novel sbi method for mri that will be used to address a wide range of cardiovascular cvds such as heart attacks strokes and congenital heart defects providing highquality images of structure and function with ultrahigh resolution and fast scan time the longterm impact of the proposed sbi framework is expected to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and surgical decisionmaking leading to more effective treatments and improved outcomes for cvd patients