Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
patents bioethics and the human body reconceptualising bioethics in patent decisionmaking and the governance function of patents

patentsinhumans challenges the current marginalisation of bioethics in patent decisionmaking for technologies related to the human body a patent gives a rightsholder the right to stop others using a patented technology this allows them to control how that technology is provided to whom and on what terms where patents are for technologies related to the body this control poses considerable bioethical issues because patents can affect how we treat use and modify bodies yet patent systems generally do not engage with such implications all patents are treated the same regardless of the underlying technology ie a patent on an engine part is treated the same as a patent on a medicine despite the significant effects the latter has for health patentsinhumans proposes that there is a selfreinforcing cycle where patents are granted even if bioethical implications are posed by patents over such technologies that there are limited incentives for rightsholders to license patents in a way that addresses bioethical implications and that patents once granted are difficult to challenge if bioethical issues arise patentsinhumans radically reconceptualises patents as governance devices over the body in such contexts it proposes that when patents are applied for the underlying technologys relationship to the body must be considered the project will therefore evaluate the bioethical implications that patents over such technologies have for how we treat use or modify our bodies these implications must guide patent decisionmaking and the adoption of licensing or grant conditions that preempt bioethical issues the project develops a cross disciplinary institutional analysis to evaluate key legal structural and cultural barriers leading to the marginalisation of bioethics in patent decisionmaking and to formulate pathways to bring bioethics into patent decisionmaking for technologies related to the body with important conceptual and policy implications
revealing the functions of pleistocene expedient osseous technology with an innovative approach that integrates tribology with ai

over the last two decades growing evidence attests to the use of unmodified or partially modified bone fragments as tools by members of our lineage prior to the emergence of fully shaped standardized bone tools these simple tools some of which date to 24 million years ago myr were interpreted as items used for digging piercing cutting or scraping but definitive conclusions are difficult to reach without comprehensive evidence owing to the lack of adequate research strategies for investigating them indeed we critically need quantitative replicable methods to infer their role in past cultural systems which in turn would allow us to document their evolution in relation to other aspects of pleistocene material culture exostech aims to tackle this challenging task through the development and application of an innovative approach that integrates tribology with artificial intelligence to study usewear patterns present on expedient osseous tools this methodological breakthrough relies on discriminant analysis of surface textural data iso 25178 acquired by confocal microscopy as well as image recognitions and multiclass neural network algorithms to precisely establish the function of expedient osseous tools this method will be applied to study assemblages from europe southern africa and east asia dated between 18 ma and 60 thousand years ago ka crosscultural comparisons of regional trajectories will be performed to establish when expedient osseous tools became fully integrated in past cultural systems and when standardized behaviours guiding their selection and use emerged in our lineage ultimately exostech will offer a new perspective on pleistocene cultural dynamics that can not otherwise be inferred solely from stone technology
evaluation and manipulation of the mechanisms and interactions of proteincarbohydratesingredients for formulating novel plantbased cheese

today there is a considerable desire to consume sustainable products due to healthy and ethical reasons environmental sustainability and issues related to greenhouse gas emissions ireland now specializes in producing beef lamb and dairywhich are the most emissionintensive foodsbut plans to cut greenhouse emissions 50 by 2030 and reach net zero emissions by 2050 cheese manufacturing consumes significant quantities of energy 4989 mjkg and the study on the novel dairyfree cheeses has gained high interest due to the new opportunities offered by the worldwide market where it is predicted to rise to 390 billion usd by 2024 the dairyfree industry faces major challenges to formulate dairyfree cheeses with excellent nutritional properties functionality flavour and texturecompared with the dairybased cheeses this study proposes to evaluate and manipulate interactions of plant proteinscarbohydratesrelevant ingredients through food material science aiming to design an innovative dairyfree cheese with similar physicochemical rheological and sensory properties to the dairybased cheese this project will be carried out during a 2year period at teagasc with a 3month secondment in university college cork firstly the physicochemical interactions structures and functional properties of materials will be studied and the most appropriate materials and their ranges will be determined wp1 after producing some prototypes of dairyfree cheeses the properties of them will be determined wp2 and then formulations will be optimized wp3 finally the quality of the optimized sample will be compared with commercially available cheeses wp4 results of this study will contribute to the industrialsustainable production of dairyfree cheeses thus it will provide food security sustainable lifestyles and consumption patterns in alignment with current teagasc goals horizon 2022 eu and irish government research initiatives
integrated assessment of urban farming impacts and policies for boosting sustainable urban agricultural development linking urban periurban and rural areas

europes rural and urban areas are facing increasing negative impacts from climate change biodiversity loss unsustainable resource use and an increasing disconnect between citizens from urban and rural areas these megatrends threaten the sustainability of urban development and associated food systems throughout europes cities different types of urban farming such as gardens rooftop or vertical farming have emerged which could provide impactful responses to these megatrendspolicymakers and practitioners urgently need knowledge on the benefits impacts and risks of urban farming to help them shape policy and legal frameworks that can foster benefits and mitigate risks of urban farming foodcityboost will develop a knowledgebased decisionsupport tool consisting of i evidencebased indicators of environmental social and economic performance and impacts of urban farming at farm regional and eu scale and providing ii guidance on policy instruments that foster the development of urban farming the future potential of urban farming will be assessed in foresight analysis and scenario analysis as well as development and prototyping of novel forms of urban farmingfoodcityboost will closely collaborate with 100 stakeholders from 6 case studies using an approach based on the idea of living labs this allows us to learn from regions throughout europe where urban farming thrives and is supported by regional policies foodcityboost brings together expertise on social science and humanities land systems urban farming and life cycle assessment to expand the knowledge base on urban farming from an integrated perspective we connect to the efua and new bauhaus initiatives to best take stock of recent insights which allows us to stimulate the development of a varied landscape of urban farming that optimally fulfils the needs of communities and minimises negative impacts and risks
blood micrornas adam10target novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for alzheimers disease by electrochemical sensors

adam10 a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 the main secretase of the nonamyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein app is a common player in type 2 diabetes t2d and alzheimers disease ad adam10 levels are altered in platelets plasma serum and csf of elderly with ad suggesting its potential role as an ad biomarker it is well known that there is an association between impaired insulin signaling and the amyloid cascade as adam10 is also increased in t2d and insulin increases the expression and activity of this protease however few studies present efforts to understand the regulation of mirnas adam10targeted in these diseases and its application on electrochemical sensors this proposal aims to explore and validate circulating mirnas that are deregulated directly related to the pathophysiology of ad t2d or adt2d and are adam10targeted as well as to assess the value of specific mirnas panels on the diagnosis and prognosis of ad leading to the application of these findings on a diagnostic device all ethical aspects involved will be respected frozen serum samples will be provided from biorepositories and by a biobank rtqpcr assays will be performed for serum mirnas screening differentially expressed in healthy control t2d ad and t2dad subjects then mirna crosssectional validation studies will be designed and the capability of accurately detecting these mirnas in a microfluidic platform will be tested data analysis will be conducted through ancova conditional logistic regression and panels of roc curves this proposal attempts to provide evidence regarding the role of adam10 as a relevant link between two diseases of pandemic proportions whilst identifying specific blood mirnas adam10targeted with diagnostic and prognostic potential to ad leading to the application of these findings on a diagnostic device highlighting its advantages as a less invasive easier faster and lowercost proceeding
enabling environments for ncd risk reduction in ethiopia

to improve the health outcomes of its citizens ethiopia must take steps to meet sdg34 and decrease the number of premature deaths caused by noncommunicable diseases ncds ncd deaths are preventable by tackling their risk factors unhealthy diets physical inactivity and air pollution these risk factors are becoming increasingly prevalent in urban sites and have their origins in fetal life and focusing prevention policies on pregnancy can yield significant benefits pregnancy is a unique opportunity for lifestyle interventions and antenatal care anc has long been a key strategy for health promotion disease prevention early diagnosis and treatment the high anc coverage in urban ethiopia makes it an ideal program to support access and utilization of quality ncd services for prevention and risk reduction in urban populations guided by the immediate need for highquality implementation research and evaluations in realword settings to tackle the multisectoral and complex challenges of ncd prevention we will fill the implementation knowledge gaps by developing implementing and assessing the impact of a novel prevention program in four diverse urban sites we will apply usercentered approaches to adapt effective evidencebased who guidelines and implementation strategies with beneficiaries and stakeholders our approach for achieving behavior change in pregnant women is twofold i thorough assessments of womens environments and environmental risks as wider determinants of health ii integration of implementation strategies into the national health information system of ethiopia we will provide realword evidence for the impact of implementation for behavior change ncd risk reduction and better maternal and child health enable will support care providers for continuity and quality of overall healthcare and of ncd care and surveillance and ultimately strengthen the ethiopian public health system towards better health for all
flexible statistical inference

most statistical methods require that all aspects of data collection and inference are determined in advance independently of the data these include when to stop collecting data what decisions can be made eg acceptreject hypothesis classify new point and how to measure their quality eg loss functionsignificance level this is wildly at odds with the flexibility required in practice it makes it impossible to achieve error control in metaanalyses and contributes to the replication crisis in the applied sciencesi will develop a novel statistical theory in which all datacollection and decisionaspects may be unknown in advance possibly imposed posthoc depending on data itself in unknowable ways yet this new theory will provide smallsample frequentist error control risk bounds and confidence setsi base myself on farreaching extensions of evaluesprocesses these generalize likelihood ratios and replace pvalues capturing evidence in a much cleaner fashion as lead author of the first paper 2019 that gave evalues a name and demonstrated their enormous potential i kicked off and then played an essential role in the extremely rapid development of anytimevalid inference the one aspect of flexibility that is by now wellstudied still efficient evalue design principles for many standard problems eg glms and other settings with covariates are still lacking and i will provide them i will also develop theory for full decisiontask flexibility about which currently almost nothing is known a major innovation is the eposterior which behaves differently from the bayesian one if priors are chosen badly eposterior based confidence intervals get wide rather than wrong both the existing waldneymanpearson and bayesian statistical theories will arise as special extreme cases of the new theory based on perfect hence unrealistic knowledge of the datacollectiondecision problem or the underlying distributions respectively
programmable synthetic cell communication via coacervatemediated dynamic clustering

the current global human crisis in climate health and energy calls for the development of new biotechnological innovations the engineering of living cells has demonstrated its efficiency to produce drugs or degrade pollutants but living cells also come with major limitations synthetic cells are humanmade robust microcompartments that reproduce key features of living cells from nonliving matter and are now being engineered to tackle key societal challenges of the european union including environmental cleanup energy production or drug delivery the integration of multiple functional modules in a single synthetic cell required to perform complex tasks remains yet a grand challenge a promising alternative to increase the functionality of synthetic cells is to distribute multiple functions into specialized compartments able to communicate with each other through chemical signaling to perform tasks collectively however chemical communication between synthetic cells remains poorly controllable and programmable the aim of this proposal is to develop a new platform to quantitatively study chemical signalling between synthetic cells based on their dynamic clustering for this purpose we will engineer switchable sticky coacervate droplets to selective interact with enzymatically active vesicles and promote their reversible clustering in response to light or ph the bottomup assembly of vesicles will be achieved by microfluidics due to modularity and reliability to produce structurally welldefined architectures optical tweezers will be used to study the coacervatemediated interactions between vesicles and quantify their chemical signalling via confocal fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy the skills and experience of the candidate in stimuliresponsive biomaterials polymer coatings and adhesion will be applied to the interdisciplinary and cuttingedge fields of synthetic cells in which the hosting groups have made progress in the recent past
increase the synergy among different energy networks

senergy nets aims at demonstrating the technical and economic capability of multienergy systems to decarbonize the heating and cooling power and gas sectors through renewable energy sources produced locally as well as sector integration by primarily focusing on promising infrastructure and business models to do so senergynets will develop a set of tools and platforms up to trl78 aimed to optimise the planning of district heating and cooling as well as distribution grids with sector coupling consideration and allow the provision of flexibility services to distribution and transmission system operators these solutions will be implemented on three pilot sites located in milan it ljubljana si and paris fr and their replicability will be tested in two additional real case studies presenting alternative climatic economic and geographic conditions in vsters sw and cordoba es the senergy nets solutions will be adapted to the main stakeholders at the different phases of the projects development involving sector coupling long term planning design and simulation operational planning valorisation evaluation and replication the project will evaluate the benefits through a consolidated methodology developed to estimate the overall value created by sector integration relying on the current economic regulation and market rules and assess the impacts on the european power system senergy nets relies on a strong transdisciplinary consortium involving 17 organisations located in 7 european countries involving renowned experts from public authorities infrastructure providers research institutions entrepreneurs and consumers associations altogether they will provide the necessary knowledge expertise and capacities to develop demonstrate and evaluate developed tools and services enabling the integration of multienergy systems to provide flexibility to the power system and ultimately enable the decarbonisation of the energy system
cancer cell plasticity on targeted therapy

novel cancer moleculartargeted therapies allow to significantly prolong the survival of cancer patients however the inevitable acquisition of resistance mechanisms limits the clinical benefit of these treatments to fully understand how resistance develops it is crucial to better integrate tumor heterogeneity cancer cell plasticity and microenvironment changes by applying cuttingedge single cell technologies directly on sequentially sampled biopsies from cancer patients additionally to achieve deeper and longerlasting clinical responses for cancer patients we will need to target the rare drugtolerant persister cancer cells samples collected before during and after treatment will be used to fully describe the characteristics of the cells that are the source of genetic resistant variants that ultimately give rise to tumor relapses by combining the establishment of patientderived models drugscreening of epigenetic inhibitors transcriptomic and epigenetic characterization of persister cells we will aim to highlight their vulnerabilities finally identify the driver mechanisms of genomic evolution by elucidating the link between oncogenic kinases and dna repair pathways activity will be our innovative strategy to exploit putative susceptibilities to impeach the survival of resistant cells the use of dna repair substrate combined with crispr gene knockout will aim at confirming the value of targeting dna repair pathways to profoundly transform the outcome of patients with metastatic cancer overall by applying new technological breakthrough at the single cell level on patient biopsies digging into the intrinsic nature of persister cells and taking advantages of dna repair defects we will identify innovative treatment strategies to avoid the emergence of resistance in patients
mechanisms and purpose of topdown neural activity generation across conscious states

sleep is universal in mammals yet the origin structure and purpose of the neural activity patterns which permeate this state remains highly contentious this is largely because such activity is internally generated and thus not amenable to most traditional methods of analysis here i propose topdown circuits in cortical layer 1 as a key site of production and structuring of neural activity during sleep and detail novel experimental and analysis approaches to probe layer 1 circuits across sleep states at synaptic resolutionlayer 1 of the sensory cortex receives long distance signals from higher cortical regions which during wakefulness powerfully modulate sensory processing and underpin neurocognitive processes such as attention prediction and sensorimotor integration such topdown circuits are well placed to autonomously generate activity during sleep which is meaningfully structured in the absence of sensory input i propose that such topdown activations unconstrained by the sensory environment but structured by a lifetime of synaptically encoded experience stored in cortical connectivity patterns could promote the formation of meaningful associations and insights inaccessible and cognitively disruptive if produced in waking statesi propose to test this mechanism and purpose of sleep activations using in vivo multiphoton imaging in mice high resolution synaptic imaging will allow measurement of the origin and regulation aim 1 content structure aim 2 and development aim 3 of topdown signals to layer 1 during different conscious states and will answer fundamental questions regarding the interplay between sleeping and waking activity patterns and their brainwide propagation we anticipate the work will lead to a fundamental advance in our understanding of micro and macro architecture of neural activations during sleep and in doing so resolve long running questions as to the mnemonic creative and maintenance functions of such activity
pain relief in palliative care of cancer using homebased neuromodulation and predictive biomarkers

more than 50 of cancer patients develop pain before death 80 can be treated with drugs but 20 show a low response or have serious adverse effects although nonpharmacological interventions such as neurosurgical procedures have been tested these alternatives are not a preferred option to treat cancer pain due to their high cost risk invasiveness and not always proven efficacy painless addresses a core component of pain relief by using an innovative evidencebased approach the objective is to adapt and implement a novel costeffective homebased intervention based on neuromodulation to reduce pain and improve quality of life of cancer patients with chronic pain on the assumption that treatment of chronic pain can benefit from research on the brain mechanisms of pain we will first attempt to improve our understanding of the role of central pain modulation the project will be organized in 3 studies 1 a cohort longitudinal study n450 to explore whether the biomarkers of central pain modulation mechanisms can be predictive of the future occurrence of chronic pain in cancer patients 2 a crosssectional study to characterize and stratify cancer patients with vs without chronic pain 750 patients with the proposed biomarkers and taking into account a number of moderator variables 3 a pilot study n450 to assess the feasibility an efficacy of athome delivery of transcranial low intensity electric stimulation tes for the palliative care of cancer patients suffering from painpainless will develop a customized web portal to share knowledge and to improve management of the patients perform technoeconomic analyses and health technology assessment of the solution analyze the possibilities of implementation in different european healthcare systems and results exploitation and undertake an ambitious dissemination and communication strategy we will also propose a wide range of measures to ensure compliance with the highest ethical standars