Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
functional evolution of giant virus capsids

how do viruses identify their hosts in a challenging environment this question is highly relevant for protistinfecting giant viruses in aquatic ecosystems where the density of host cells is typically low and random encounters are rare giant viruses have genome sizes of up to two megabases and encode a vast genetic diversity but we know almost nothing about their diverse capsid structures and the various strategies they use for infecting the next host cell during the last decade i have shed light on the symbiotic interactions between marine flagellates giant viruses and their virophage parasites with capsolution i will use our collection of freshwater flagellate cultures to characterize giant viruses with previously unknown capsid structures from oligotrophic lakes we recently discovered two giant viruses with unprecedented capsid modifications cometa virus whose capsid has a bundle of unique head fibers and a conical tail and sentinel virus whose tentaclelike appendages span several micrometers capsolution will allow me to characterize the fascinating virion structures of cometa and sentinel viruses at molecular resolution and elucidate their function during host attachment and infection what is the protein composition of these appendages and how are they assembled how did they evolve how common and diverse are modified capsids among giant viruses and how do they adapt to environmental constraints i will address these questions in a multidisciplinary approach combining the morphogenomic characterization of natural giant virus communities with structurefunction studies of newly isolated virushost systems and evolutionary analyses of their appendageassociated genes capsolution will reveal how giant viruses use unique capsid modifications to adapt to their environment thereby breaking new ground in microbiology and expanding our horizon of virus functioning in freshwater lakes
pneumonia induced trained immunity as a driver of pathogenic inflammation within the lung

the world health organisation has labeled inflammatory diseases the greatest threat to human health inflammation is a major cause of pathogenesis in respiratory conditions such as bronchiectasis ards and copd there is a growing appreciation that our prior pathogen exposure can induce trained immunity in macrophages trainedlung will explore how bacterial pneumonia induces central trained immunity and how this can lead to excessive inflammation and lung damage in response to other bacteria or environmental pollutants recently it has been shown that repeat exposure to influenza can lead to lung damage due to the altered functionality of lung macrophages leading to excessive inflammation and damage to the structure of the lung however it remains unclear if this is the case for bacterial pneumonia and if it can lead to inappropriate inflammatory response upon rechallenge with other bacterial species or environmental pollutants i propose that bacterial pneumonia will drive enhanced myelopoiesis and enhance circulating monocyte inflammatory responses further these circulating monocytes will replace resident alveolar macrophage populations over time seeding the lung with these trained monocytes which will become resident alveolar macrophages alveolar macrophages are constantly in contact with a range of bacteria viruses pamps and pollutants which all have the potential to drive excessive inflammatory responses trainedlung will identify pathogens that can train human macrophages and examine secondary inflammatory responses to a range of bacterial pathogens and environmental pollutants further myelopoietic changes in the bone marrow and functional changes in macrophages postpneumonia in mice will be explored and how these changes impact subsequent challenges in terms of lung function and damage finally trainedlung will explore how trained macrophages impact immune responses within ipscderived human lung organoids adding a key translational aspect
inexhaustible spring of hyperpolarization for magnetic resonance

nuclear magnetic resonance nmr has become a wellestablished and versatile tool in numerous fields of research and in industry but features a relatively low sensitivity which prevents solving todays most pressing challenges in modern sciencehyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization ddnp provides a partial solution by enhancing sensitivity 10000fold however hyperpolarized solutions are available only once singleshot and are contaminated and diluted this is incompatible with most nmr experiments except for some niche applicationshypflow will reach the groundbreaking overall aim of providing inexhaustible multishot and pure unpolluted and undiluted hyperpolarization thus truly compatible with nmr by1designing and building a pulseddnp freezeflow polarizer2 integrating the use of hyperpolarizing matrices with polarized electrons and3 validating multiscan applications in metabolomics drug discovery and chemistryliquid nmr samples will freeze in the hypflow system where high levels of polarization will be generated will then melt and flow toward the spectrometer and will recirculate repeatedly this will offer for the firsttime inexhaustible and pure hyperpolarization with a 10000fold boost in sensitivitythe pi has a unique combined leading expertise in most recent instrumental methodological and chemical developments in ddnp that will empower him to tackle the scientific challenges of hypflowhypflow will deepen the fundamental scientific knowledge of nuclear and electron spin polarization generation transfer and relaxation phenomena it will enable detection of hyperpolarized samples in a fully compatible way with a broad range of nmr applications radically transforming and democratizing the practice of hyperpolarized nmr in research laboratories and industries
precision measurements in molecules with frequency combs

precise frequency measurements enable accurate determinations of physical constants stringent tests of fundamental theories and searches for possible drifts of the fundamental constants simple atoms hydrogen in particular have long been the dedicated systems for confronting experimental data and accurate quantum electrodynamics theoretical calculations with continued progress to ab initio calculations precision measurements in small molecules such as molecular hydrogen h2 are gaining much relevance and may be envisioned as an independent way to determine fundamental constants and to test quantumchemistry theory in this project we will develop an instrument of precision molecular spectroscopy based on frequency combs broad spectra composed of equidistant narrow lines whose absolute frequency can be known within the accuracy of an atomic clock building on our unique knowhow this revolutionary ultraviolet spectrometer will simultaneously combine broad spectral coverage dopplerfree resolution and extreme accuracy for precise studies of small molecules using twophoton excitation and dualcomb spectroscopy with comb lasers of low repetition frequency we will devise an optical analogue of the ramseyfringe method where many molecular transitions will be simultaneously and unambiguously observed and assigned while such a spectrometer will enable significant progress in our understanding of the structure of many small molecules it will first be applied to absolutefrequency measurements of rovibronic transitions in the ef x system of h2 around 3000 thz the measured frequencies can be used to benchmark molecular theory in the involved ground and excited states they may contribute to an improved determination of the dissociation energy of h2 set new basis for an independent determination of the protoncharge radius and for searches of variations of the protonelectron mass ratio via comparison to astrophysical measurements
biomedical technologies and innovation doctoral programme

spinning discoveries out of research institutions requires expertise and ecosystem that is hard to bring together in the academic environment one of the main challenges is the lack of qualified personnel having multidisciplinary technical skills endowed with transferrable skills biomedical technologies and innovation biotin doctoral programme features an international interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach to provide 10 doctoral candidates dcs a unique blend of research training skills in the convergence of life sciences engineering and computational data science and entrepreneurship skills with the aim of advancing innovation in biomedical research and education the biotin programme will address the challenges in three intertwined themes of biomedical research drug discovery and development diagnosis tissue engineering and regeneration by leveraging latest developments in data science and machine learning biotin is presented and coordinated by izmir institute of technology iztech in collaboration with two implementing partners bogazici university boun and izmir biomedicine and genome center ibg a total of 22 associated partner organisations including 11 academic and 11 nonacademic organisations will contribute to the programme biotin fellows will benefit from a highlyqualified interdisciplinary supervisory team secondmentand shortvisits to network partners in europe and beyond including prominent universities ngo istanbul health industry cluster large enterprises eg siemenes healthineers and amgen and startups alongside the opportunity to develop and practice entrepreneurship skills in leading technology development zones of turkeythe consortium will build a group of researchers with a valuable and rare blend of academic skills and industry readiness who in return can fulfil regional national and international human resources needs in biomedical research far beyond the funding period
origami paperbased technology for the innovative and sustainable organonchip devices

sustainability is one of the most important concepts nowadays being able to drive activities in several sectors namely environment preservation society and economy in analytical chemistry the development of sustainable devices was boosted by the introduction of microfluidic paperbased analytical devices pads whose advantages however are not only confined to the concept of sustainability indeed paper as a functional material confers unprecedented features to pads however paperbased devices remain exploited as only analytical tools but have not yet been adopted by the organonchip ooc world the objective of the present project proposal is to alter this scenario phoenixooc we will radically change the ooc field by making use of papers versatile properties and develop ooc devices using paper in origami configuration used i for cell cocultures with the aim to better simulate different organ tissues ii for biosensors integration with the aim of on sitecontinuous monitoring of cells statusresponse to stimuli and iii with the ultimate goal of performing accurate pharmacological studies the main new idea is the introduction of a technology which can deliver a versatile set of electrochemical devices with new functionalities in which it will be possible to create readytouse cell culture models for drug screenings in a custommade manner because ooc is a complex system with respect to pads partners with different and needed skills have been gathered among the most important european scientistsentities in the field required phoenixooc consortium brings together 6 partners 4 universities 1 research organization and 1 industrial partner 1 sme 5 from 4 eu associatedcountries italy sweden spain serbia and 1 noneu member switzerland which are renowned experts in the world on paperbased biosensors in vitrovivo studies modelling microfluidics biomaterials and joint tissue engineering
metamorphosis

the researchers night is one of the favorite science popularization events in the czech republic since its introduction in 2005 it has steadily grown in terms of scope geographical coverage professionalization and attendance by the public the consortium of 18 participating universities research institutes and other nonacademic organizations will prepare two editions of nationwide ern in collaboration with numerous stakeholders spread across the countryas in previous years the program is built around a shared topic franz kafka in 2024 and golden coins in 2025 for maximum reach to the relevant target groups a coordinated awareness campaign including a common website emblem and graphic design will be carried out as well as impact evaluationthe key novelty will be introduced via the researchers at schools activity rasa reaching out to schools in remote areas in 2024 researchers will visit schools with interactive sessions and school groups will be brought to experience ern at one of the metamorphosis partners while in 2025 the schools will be supported in organizing their own mini researchers nights based on the longterm experience of some of the project partners with bringing researchers to primary and secondary schools an opensource handbook will be createdthe conference for science popularizers will provide enthusiastic researchers with the necessary skills and a platform for sharing ideas researchers involved in eufunded projects including msca fellows and erc grantees and erasmus students will help present the benefits of the eu support to science and innovation outreach activities will be also focused on raising awareness about eu missions in addition two genderimbalanced stem fields will be flagged promoting girls in it and boys in primary school teaching thanks to the inclusion of the czech centers in several european cities the metamorphosis network will foster cooperation and promote czech science abroad
information control processes an alternative crosslanguage and multidimensional approach to study their development

vast research efforts have been made to understand how executive control ie the domaingeneral processes needed to flexibly plan and monitor goaloriented behavior evolves in children to help them focus on a task eg studying while resisting interferences eg phone notifications ensuring an optimal cognitive development and future success in life still no study has examined agerelated changes in domainspecific semantic control namely the processes needed to focus on nondominant aspects of knowledge based on the current goal and context demands rather than automatically retrieving the dominant ones eg during symbolic play the nondominant shape of a banana is used to make it a phone ignoring its dominant edibility semantic control is intrinsically related to the development of memory for concepts meaning and in turn the typology of a given language but these aspects are unexplored moreover its development is naturally paralleled by cortical maturation but their interplay remains a hot topic of debate this project aims to address these issues by studying for the first time the development of executive and semantic control and their relation at three levels behavior models and brain i will build a battery of control tasks using a gamification method for online assessment of english and italian children at different ages highdensity electroencephalography will also be recorded to assess their taskrelated brain activity and organization i will use stateoftheart analytical approaches to assess the development of control processes o1 their relation o2 and languagedependence o3 and functional brain bases o4 results will provide a new brainbehavior theoretical model of cognitive control acquisition embedding semantic control opening new research agendas in cognitive neurosciences and education and paving the way to build trainings in control functions for children with typical and atypical development
solar cellsinspired inorganic semiconductor synaptic systems for low energy edge computing and visual learning

the rapidly expanding field of artificial intelligence ai and machine learning exposes the limitations of conventional von neumann architecture neuromorphic computing inspired by the highly energy efficient functionning of the brain has emerged as a solution for efficient unsupervised learning particularly relevant qith the advent of edge computing and visual computing applications solar cellinspired materials offering persistent photoconductivity allowing to simulate synaptic plasticity have the potential to revolutionise neuromorphic visual computing the solis project forms an international consortium of experts from photovoltaics and materials science to explore inorganic thin film materials potential as artificial visual synapses these materials tuneable and stable promise reliable optically controlled memristors suitable for diverse light intensities and wavelenghts the collaboration emphasising staff exchanges and transparent sharing of data methods and persons aims to reinforce our understanding innovate with materials like 2d mxenes and establish a shared framework for optoelectronic characterisation of visual synapses the project aligns with europes objective to catch up in the field of ai and possibly become a leader in hardwarelevel machine learning offering opportunities for scientists from third countries and eu countries alike solis will be an important milestone for eu research and the pv field as a whole unlocking new applications for inorganic thin film materials and offering a paradigm shift toward visual computing and ai free from the constraints of current materials and architectures
modelling and dynamic assessment of integrated health and care pathways enhancing response capacity of health systems

dynamo will result in a lean and powerful solution enabling quick datadriven and platformindependent planning of care pathways for situations where health system functions are threatened this solution will allow eu health care systems to build resilience and respond to public health threats better than they can today dynamo brings together five procurers from italy portugal spain greece and the united kingdom that not only see the need for such a solution but are willing to act on it now they will set up a collaborative demandside initiative to create the economies of scale and early adoption cases required to build momentum for dynamo as a strategic planning tool dynamo will guide stakeholders in concept development data modelling process design and implementation planning dynamo will be able to reliably inform mediumterm investment planning to adapt existing processes and infrastructures incl it systems more specifically dynamo will be a sociotechnical system to 1 efficiently adapt service delivery processes to shocks and structural changes2 share and integrate crosssectoral data to accurately forecast outcomes and impacts of alternative pathway configurations3 facilitate task planning and skills matching in times of crisesthe buyers group includes health and care organisations and authorities representing diverse health care systems and settings thus reflecting the requirements of different national health care ecosystems that dynamo will have to meet suppliers will be rigorously evaluated after each procurement phase comprising i an open market consultation ii specification of architecture and system aligned to requirements of health and care professionals it planners decision makers iii prototype development and testing with endusers iv evaluation of implementation fidelity and tool performance output feasibility in terms of validity and applicability of the generated pathways as well as v overall costeffectiveness
preclinical development of new nucleosidebased drug against leukemia

the current treatment landscape for leukemia particularly concerning aml acute myeloid leukemia and mds myelodysplastic syndrome is constrained by the instability of hypomethylating agents which are regularly used in elderly medically nonfit patients highrisk this instability restricts their spectrum of application leaving a significant gap in effective treatment options despite research into alternative therapeutic approaches the need for a mild treatment option with high success rates in this patient population remains unmetcarbacitabin cab emerges as a promising solution to these challenges this novel epigenetically active compound exhibits enhanced stability against hydrolytic cleavage and enzymatic metabolization in aml pdx mouse models cab demonstrates significantly improved efficacy and vastly reduced toxicity making it an optimal candidate for leukemia treatment particularly for those highrisk patientsfunding from the erc poc aims to support essential preclinical steps towards fully realizing the potential of cab those include further optimization of the lead structure of cab to enhance targeting and thorough preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cab additionally scaling up the synthesis of cab is crucial to meet the demand for largescale production required for preclinical and subsequent clinical trials furthermore efforts to solidify intellectual property ip protection and conduct an indepth freedomtooperate fto analysis are necessary to safeguard cabs market position establishing a spinoff company dedicated to the clinical studies of cab will require engagement with essential stakeholders including potential investors pharmaceutical partners legal advisors and regulatory consultants during leucab this comprehensive approach will ensure the effective translation of cab from bench to bedside bringing new hope to patients especially those battling aml and mds
towards rational understanding of the fequarterpyridinemediated co2 reduction to solar fuels

the reduction of atmospheric co2 to useful chemicals and fuels has been established as one of the most promising clean and renewable alternatives to fossil fuels although the field has grown enormously during last years information regarding mechanism and transient intermediates formed during the catalysis is still limitedtrusol aims to explore the mechanism and the factors that control catalytic performance through the rational design of ligands and spectroscopic studies with this goal in mind we develop a strategy to synthesize a novel family of febased quarterpyrinebased co2 reduction catalysts the new complexes will be tested photocatalytically combining the molecular catalysts with mesoporous carbon nitride mpgc3n4 as semiconductor the comparison of the complexes with finetuned ligands in regard to redox properties and photocatalytic activities will help to elucidate key aspects that govern kinetics and thermodynamics under turnover conditions complexes will first be explored under steady state and operando conditions by using a spectroscopic toolkit including epr mössbauer xray absorption and emission spectroscopy to shed light on the electronic structures then taking advantage of the ability of synchrotron techniques to selectively irradiate the metal center laserxray pumpprobe timeresolved xray absorption and emission spectroscopy will investigate the highly reactive andor shortlived transient intermediates in psns time scales trusol will put the fellow in a perfect position to achieve his career goal a tenure track position in academia through transferable skills such as project management and scientific and personal training actions of the project this interdisciplinary project promises a valuable mechanistic understanding to set the foundation of the rational design of future powerful co2 reduction catalysts