Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
physicallybased ocean transport

the ocean absorbs 90 of the heat associated with global warming and 30 of anthropogenic co2 how such tracers are accumulated and redistributed within the turbulent ocean is a central issue of longterm climate prediction the challenge stems from the existence of ocean mesoscale eddies turbulent vortices tens of kilometers wide that are not resolved by climate models despite being key contributors to ocean transport in the absence of a better theory the associated transport is parameterized in global models using ad hoc coefficients with arbitrary depth dependence the present project will improve upon this unsatisfactory state of the art based on a multimethod approach combining theory laboratory experiments numerical simulations and satellite data analysis i will derive a physicallybased parameterization for turbulent transport in the 3d ocean the derivation hinges on my recent quantitative theoretical advances for the magnitude and 3d structure of turbulent transport in the canonical models of oceans and atmospheres the charney eady and phillips models i will augment these theories by including the additional physical ingredients of the real ocean bottom slope arbitrary largescale flow and density stratification etc i will determine the frictional dissipation on the ocean floor by combining rotatingplatform laboratory experiments with 3dprinted realistic oceanfloor topography i will infer transport and bottom friction independently through the combination of satellite and profiler data i will derive the resulting parameterization using multiplescale expansion before implementing it in a stateoftheart climate modelas opposed to the current practice of adjusting transport coefficients to the current state of the ocean the physicallybased parameterization will remain valid in a warming climate a necessary condition both for paleoclimate studies and for reliable climate forecast over the coming centuries to millennia
treasure from trash mining critical elements from sewage sludge using plants

the global consumption of metals and metalloids is increasing rapidly owing to an evergrowing demand from technology and renewable energy industries these include selenium se cobalt co and nickel ni for which the 2050 projected consumption is expected to be 5 to 10folds higher than today these elements are defined as critical since their supply is expected to be critically limiting in the near future considering the increasing demand for critical metalloids the use of sewage sludge ss as alternative resource of these raw materials can constitute an appealing alternative to make treasure out of trash thereby promoting the circular economy mineup aims at contributing to the supply of se co and ni exploiting metalloid enriched ss through targeted phytomining the envisaged solution will utilize degraded mined land as locations in which ss phytomining can safely take place mineup is expected to 1 reduce of the overall amount of disposed ss and the connected environmental and economic costs 2 generate a positive environmental impact by enhancing ecosystem restoration in mined areas 3 contribute to the valorization of mined lands creating new opportunities for local communities 4 characterize the new plantbased products se co ni bioores and evaluate their possible applications mineup outcomes will have relevant impacts at scientific economic and societal levels they will range from the investigation of metal accumulation physiology in plants growing on ss to the assessment of the process effects on land remediation from the agronomical aspects of hyperaccumulator cultivation to the procedures of extraction and purification of the valuable elements and molecules contained in hyperaccumulator biomasses in the long period mineup innovative methodologies could help in modernizing and reinvent ss disposal methods giving a second life to this waste while possibly directing the updating of national and eu regulations
targeting epilepsy with phototherapeutics

as photoactivatable drugs pds can be precisely controlled in space and time caged and switchable photoactivatable drugs cpds spds are rapidly emerging as potential therapeutics for varied forms of cancer vision loss diabetes or pain disorders despite their potential pds have not been exploited for epilepsy a common often debilitating neurological disorder as 30 of epilepsies are medically intractable and antiepileptic drugs often cause multiorgan side effects pds could break new therapeutic ground pds can be applied on demand and locally activatedinactivated in single or multiple epileptic brain areas in a targeted fashion this minimizes systemic side effects and allows the application of potent drugs from other fields yet unthinkable in routine epileptology eg general anesthetics importantly being small molecules different pds can be combined or easily exchanged and do not require protein expression using current and new pds we aim to control epileptic networks in vivo in a realistic epilepsy mouse model and resected human brain tissue from patients with intractable epilepsy aim 1 will quantify antiepileptic potency of a range of pds in human tissue using field potential and patchclamp recordings and cellular scale 2photon imaging in aim 2 pds will be evaluated in vivo using wireless videoeeg imaging and lightfibertargeted drug photoactivation in chronically epileptic mice further by use of caged immunomodulators we will explore diseasemodifying capacity of targeted pd photoactivation in epileptogenesis and chronic epilepsy phototherepi will establish targeted photopharmacology as a versatile and powerful new approach to control focal epilepsy which could jumpstart a new branch of translational epilepsy research the approach could obviate the need for resective surgery in many cases and be used in multifocal epilepsy importantly it may be clinically tested in the foreseeable future
microbiomeassociated boosters of immune responses meteor study experimental characterization and clinical exploitation

i became fascinated by pathogenhost interactions at the end of my phd working with hepatitis c virus and later in my first postdoctoral phase working with influenza a and sars2 viruses when i learned the omic technologies power finally i found out about the world of microbiotaassociated interactions and how dr serranos studies unveiled these complex networks with a clinical perspective most microbiota studies are based on the description of the different bacterial species profiles however the interactions between the byproducts derived from cells and bacteria can affect reciprocally to host and microbial metabolism modifying the outcome of the disease with my expertise on experimental settings dr serranos clinicalresearch view and the strong collaborations with expert partners in bioinformatics and multiomics for my next career step i aim to develop experimental strategies to better identify new potential therapeutic agents specifically to clinically exploit microbiomeassociated boosters of immune responses to infectious diseases miboids that define the nature of the hostmicrobiota interaction i will implement a protocol based on directed culturomics immune stimulations assays bacterial species description and multiomic toolbox to characterize the functional immune profiles associated with highly protective immune responses and data mining through a multiparametric bioinformatic integration approach we aim to test several conditions such as describing gut microbiota from different compartments microbial communities from localized diseaserelated tissues and to describe the most functionally relevant finally after the production and validation of the specific candidates in vitro this project will lead to future validation in preclinical and clinical studies to get specific miboids to be exploited as therapeutic agents aimed at improving diseasespecific immune responses prevention and cure for several diseases
parameterized complexity and kernelization for enumeration

algorithms play crucial roles in many aspects of the lives of billions of people worldwide many of the problems we wish to solve in industry andacademia are nphard and it is expected that no polynomialtime algorithm exists to obtain an optimal solution for them nevertheless they aresolved millions of times on a daily basis solving them would be unfeasible without the use of preprocessing techniques which significantly reducerunning times and are often necessary to solve a problem explaining why these methods work in practice and designing new ones that come withperformance guarantees is a great challenge in theoretical computer science in the framework of parameterized complexity they are modeledthrough kernelization which uses an additional measurement of the problems structure the parameter to output a small equivalent instance thatcan be quickly solvedhowever there will usually exist several optimal solutions regardless of the optimality criterion and drawing conclusions from a single one may bemisleading knowing more about the set of optimal solutions is thus necessary in many scenarios and can be formalized through enumerationproblems unlike decision problems very little is known about preprocessing for enumeration problems in the recently defined enumeration kernelsolutions to the reduced instance are used to partition and efficiently list the solution set of the input through this project the researcher willdesign and implement novel parameterized algorithms and kernels for enumeration problems and build the lowerbound theory required toseparate problems between those that admit polynomial enumeration kernels and those that do not the designed kernels will be some of theearliest enumeration kernels while the lowerbound theory will be a fundamental part of parameterized complexity allowing researchers toidentify problems that do not admit efficient preprocessing and focus their efforts on problems that do
influence of fluctuating temperatures on aedes invasive mosquitoes ecophysiology and distribution

the east asian mosquitoes species aedes albopictus and ae koreicus are invading several european countries posing an increasing threat to human and animal public health the life cycle of mosquitoes is strongly driven by temperature making feasible the implementation of mathematical models predicting their distribution population dynamics and arbovirus transmission risk to support mosquito and mosquitoborne viral diseases management and control actions however the models forecast reliability and biological realism are limited by the quantity and quality of the lifehistory traits observations used to inform the population dynamic model this information is collected throughout laboratory experiments trying to assess the influence of temperature on different lifehistory traits eg temperaturedependent adult mortality rate nevertheless the results have been so far highly variable due to i different experimental settings and ii multiple geographic origin of the biological specimensiftamed aims to review the current knowledge on the influence of temperature on the lifehistory traits of ae albopictus and ae koreicus two invasive aedes species of medical interest with established populations in northeast italy and implement it by designing targeted laboratory experiments under fluctuating temperature regimes a laboratory setting that more accurately reflect variable environmental conditions in the field but not frequently applied in mosquito thermal biology experiments the information collected from the review and the laboratory experiments will be disseminated in openaccess databases and used to inform a populationdynamic mechanistic model whose spatial and temporal forecasts will be integrated into an online earlywarning system displaying information of practical interest eg the estimated abundance of each life stage for proactive mosquito control and management actions
reconstruction biology in plant sciences doctoral training program

the replant reconstruction biology in plant sciences doctoral training program is an ambitious research and training initiative coordinated by the centre for research in agricultural genomics crag barcelona spain together with the max planck institute for plant breeding research mpipz cologne germany and the john innes centre jic norwich uk replant is designed to conduct and train in interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborative research projects between the three participating institutions with the additional collaboration and support of associated partner organisations private companies and research centres and academic institutions both national and international the program will offer twenty 20 fouryear doctoral fellowships and will be focused on training in advanced research topics and technologies training in nonresearch oriented transferable and transversal skills collaborative research projects and secondments and international networking in both the academic and the industrial sectors all in order to enrich the training of the doctoral students and enhance their professional development while conducting projects of research excellence in the area of reconstruction biology in plant sciences reconstruction biology leverages current knowledge on plant traits and their underlying genes and molecules to understand trait diversification and innovation in a phylogenetic framework ie within and between related species replant will conduct reconstruction biology at three levels of biological organisation cellfree systems whole organisms and ecosystems with replant we expect to define quantitative trait models and uncover emergent properties ie system features that the individual components do not have as well as insights into how far a given trait can be diversified without pleiotropic effects
my personal ai mediator for virtual meettings between people

in a world of increasing preoccupation with artefacts interacting with our fellow human beings remains one of our most enjoyable but also one of our practically most critical activities we derive inspiration from each other solve problems and chart our future together yet our interaction with fellow humans is far from seamless or frictionless despite much greater worldwide reach we suffer perhaps more than ever from isolation barriers and separation due to language culture physical distances timezones scheduling conflicts and distractions to our attention with greater freedom reach and flexibility our isolation and complexities also appear to increase in our proposed project meetween we aim to find solutions to these problems rather than artificial intelligence ai getting in the way of the human experience we harness its power to make humanhuman interaction more seamless and natural eliminate language barriers replace the technoclutter with support the project aims to 1 build the sciencebased technology solutions needed to power the next generation of videoconferencing platforms for europe to support smooth engaging barrierfree collaboration across languages 2 exploit the allround integrated algorithmic capabilities offered by foundation models and selfsupervised training on large datasets to nimbly adapt to participant context cultural and regional specificities including linguistic ones 3 foster and facilitate business collaboration throughout the european union by providing realtime machinelearningpowered speechtospeech translation summarization and virtual assistant services for online meetings 4 defend a european vision for ai with regard to safety privacy social and ethical approaches anchored in our regulations data standards and shared initiatives and resources
burden of disease based methods for estimating the socioeconomic cost of environmental stressors

the outdoor environment has a significant impact on our health and wellbeing the european green deal has introduced the ambitious commitment to a zeropollution action plan for air water and soil to protect humans and the environment evidencebased policy making on environmental stressors is however hampered by the methodological challenges to quantify their socioeconomic coststhe overall objective of bestcost is to improve methodologies for the socioeconomic cost assessment of environmental stressors to i enhance regular usage of economic and health modelling in policy impact assessments and policy evaluation and ii promote harmonised and consensus metrics for integrative socioeconomic assessments of environmental stressors in europe bestcost will develop an improved and consensual burden of disease bod framework for estimating the health impact of environmental stressors with a focus on air pollution and noise and their interactions an improved and consensual methodology for monetization of bod estimates of environmental stressors and a coherent methodological framework for assessing social inequalities in the socioeconomic cost of environmental stressors the methods will be codeveloped with key stakeholders made available as open access tools and trialled in different eu countries to ensure sustainability transferability of the knowledge and methods developed by bestcost to other countries and stressors will be establishedbestcost is conducted by a strong and unique consortium gathering worldclass expertise on environmental bod assessment the bestcost consortium consists of 17 organisations from 10 eu countries and the usa and will be supported by an advisory board including representatives from jrc eea and who the consortium bridges the expertise from the global burden of disease study via the inclusion of ihme and key gbd collaborators with that of national bod studies and will translate this expertise to eu agencies
alliance4life bridging the research and innovation gap in life sciences

the persisting ri gap between western and eastern europe is a major challenge to the eu it includes underdeveloped ri ecosystems a lower ability to attract and retain talents singletrack research careers with a lack of modern hr and fragmented industryacademia collaboration to improve the situation in central and eastern europe cee alliance for life sciences alliance4life was formed by 12 progressive health research institutions and universities in 11 cee countries since 2018 it has become a lively community and role model of modern institutional governance and excellent research in cee piloted strategic institutional reforms and succeeded in influencing national ri reforms and eu policy with the a4lbridge project the alliance focuses on a broader implementation of the successfully piloted strategic changes toward enhanced attractiveness competitiveness and innovation strength and newly also addresses excellence in higher education the scientific collaboration will be boosted by a virtual research centre connecting different research groups and thanks to seed funding initial research projects with ip originating in cee will be prepared to be developed into ria projects for horizon europe the alliance will develop a complex educational matrix including mentoring elearning and international internships targeting both academic and nonacademic staff in all career stages the industry relationship platform will stimulate knowledge transfer and partaking in applied research projects societal actors will be invited to shape the research agendas and will be addressed at events for end users of health research results events webinars and dissemination activities will target national stakeholders and policymakers promoting era values and supporting the empowering of lowperforming regions in their ri upscale the a4lbridge project will thus significantly contribute to bridging the gap in ri performance in the eu
structural basis for centromeremediated control of errorfree chromosome segregation

accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires bipolar attachment of sisterchromatids to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles and maintenance of sisterchromatid cohesion until all chromosomes achieve biorientation two chromosomal sites regulate these processes centromeres the microtubule attachment sites defined by the enrichment of cenpa nucleosomes and the inner centromere a region between the sisterchromatids that recruits enzymatic activities kinases phosphatases and motor proteins the inner centromere associated enzymes selectively stabilise chromosomemicrotubule attachments suitable for chromosome biorientation control sister chromatid cohesion and achieve timely chromosome segregation errors in these processes can lead to aneuploidy a numerical chromosomal aberration implicated in miscarriages birth defects and cancers using an integrative structurefunction approach xray crystallography cryo electron microscopy crosslinkingmass spectrometry biochemicalbiophysical methods with human cellline based functional assays we will obtain detailed mechanistic understanding of 1 how the inner centromere is assembled 2 how the inner centromere associated interaction network recruits regulators to achieve chromosome biorientation and accurate segregation and 3 how centromere identity is maintained through multiple generations this work builds on our recently obtained exciting structuralmolecular knowledge that have led to unexpected insights and new questions and will exploit our recently generated battery of molecular reagents outcome of our work will provide unprecedented details of centromeremediated control of chromosome segregation and allow us to build a comprehensive mechanistic model for errorfree chromosome segregation a process that has been fascinating researchers for more than a century
transnational cooperation on the missions approach

the main objectives of the proposed project are to build and expand a core network of organisations engaged in missionoriented policies mainly at national level but closely tied to engaged policy actors at regional local or thematic policy levels as well as the european commission as an active partnerpromote a common vision of missionoriented policy and enable knowledge exchange mutual learning and the testing of mutually compatible practices of mission governanceestablish partnerships and cooperation with regional and local actors in order to guide and frame the initiatives of targeted mission hubssupport these actors in setting up suitable governance structures aligning eu national regionallocal levels of mission implementation
brain organoidonchip a microfluidic platform to study neocortical development

a human model of neocortical development to understand neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders or intellectual disability is urgently needed neural 2d cultures derived for example from induced pluripotent stem cells ipsc have been used for many years but lack the complexity of the tissue environment essential for the functionality of the developing neocortex a promising approach to provide controlled microenvironments that generate physiological conditions and allow controlled 3d spatiotemporal structuring is the use of organonchip ooc technology this brooc proposal aims to establish a new generation of brain organoidonchip to study neocortical development and test pharmaceutical interventions this project will construct new cerebral organoid model with multilayered cortical structures on microfluidic chip system within integrated electrode array moreover the brain organoidonchip platform has the potential to transform the field and will have many applications especially for studying neurodevelopmental disorders by overcoming several drawbacks of currently available cerebral organoid models it will impact on the emerging field of organoids in general spanning from organoids used as alternative methods for animal experiments to cerebral organoids generated from diverse species used as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms of brain evolution