Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
urban scaince why and how cities transform through artificial intelligence and their associated technologies

innovations have largely been the driver of human development with the current anthropocene peaking humanitys influence on the livability of our planet technology is believed to be once again the solution to severe environmental economic and social crises even though its implementation has a mixed trackrecord of finding solutions just to create new and sometimes more severe problems 8 we ask whether more sustainable cities are smarter therefore we will develop the urban scaince theory transforming our understanding of how artificial intelligence and its associated technologies has can and will alter urban systems questioning whether the technology transformation leads to more sustainable living in our cities we will achieve this goal by 1 historically correlating urban sustainability outcomes with smart city technology adoption 2 evaluating privatelydriven ai solutions on their impact to create more sustainable cities through a prepost study 3 evaluating whether future cities will be sustainable by inaugurating a virtual open science city that allows its residents living across the world to jointly change their virtual environment and 4 estimating the sustainability gap of 41000 cities through analyzed archetype cities
metastable epiallele role of epigenetic variability for the development of metabolic and endocrine diseases

the development of obesity in industrial and lowand middleincome countries is leading to a severe burden for patients and health care systems based on associated comorbidities as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus apart from the genetic background epigenetic modifications like dna methylation are supposed to play an important role for body weight regulation so far epigenomewide association studies were not able to elucidate this relationship as most methylation differences were related to a genetic variant therefore the identification of the pomc proopiomelanocortin gene a key factor for hypothalamic body weight regulation as a metastable epiallele in humans was of importance to understand how methylation variability affect the individual phenotype metastable epialleles are methylomeregions which are nongenetically determined stochastically regulated and set in early embryonic development furthermore they are nontissue specific stable over time and modified by carbon1 metabolites inutero however their role for human diseases remained unclear within this application i want to elucidate and characterize how epigenetic modifications as metastable epialleles modulate human susceptibility and predisposition to metabolic and endocrine diseases and analyse the impact of environmental factors to achieve this goal i propose a unique approach using advanced technologies to analyse human postmortem samples and human embryonic stem cells to identify new metastable epialleles in humans and elucidate new mechanisms and relationships between phenotypic variation and methylation variability the combination of the algorithm to identify methylation variability and the use of stem cell models to functionally characterize epigenetic variants will be a blueprint for the analysis of the epigenetic contribution for other endocrine neurological or cardiovascular diseases and will generate a powerful resource for researchers worldwide
european glocal counterterrorism

terrorism remains one of the main security threats facing the european union eu and its member states with a considerable impact on european societies there is therefore a strong need for knowledge and expertise that will enable the eu and its member states to effectively address the contemporary terrorist threat the euglocter european glocal counterterrorism doctoral network will produce the expertise that the eu and its member states require to effectively address this threat the research programme is highly innovative in its emphasis on analysing eu counterterrorism through the lenses of glocalism at different levels ranging from the local through the eu to the global level and in the crossing of the publicprivate sector boundaries euglocter brings several beneficiaries with an excellent research trackrecord in counterterrorism together with a range of associated partners from across the world in order to deliver a worldclass phd programme the euglocter project will train 11 doctoral candidates dcs using cuttingedge resources at leading research facilities universities and think thanks throughout the eu and globally in the most important centres of power the research programme involves worldleading social scientists from a range of disciplines including political science criminology sociology policing and law in combination with innovative think thanks and industry partners the two main objectives of euglocter are 1 to provide worldclass training to dcs in eu glocal counterterrorism thinking globally responding locally and 2 to generate scientific excellence and technological innovation in the area of counterterrorism
multiple routes to memory for a second language individual and situational factors

learning a second language l2 after early childhood is a challenge and learners differ not only in how well they rise to this challenge but presumably also in how they do it for instance a small minority of talented individuals is able to acquire a nearnative accent in l2 despite the fact that the phonetic repertoire normally becomes dedicated to the native language within the first years of life it seems thus plausible to assume that these learners have access to a different manner of phonetic learning different learning situations eg learning a language in the classroom versus learning it by immersion also seem likely to involve different acquisition mechanisms however we know almost nothing about such qualitative processing differences in l2 learning memory research on the other hand offers a number of dualroute or dualsystem accounts that do describe different ways in which our brain stores and remembers information the general dimension on which such routes differ is abstraction new information may either be retained literally or it could be abstracted to its most important featuresthe current project aims to use such theories and methods from memory research to investigate the hypotheses that there are several alternative routes to l2 learning and that individuals as well as situations differ with respect to which of these routes is preferably taken both word pronunciation and grammar learning will be examined assessing in how far language domains differ concerning the variability of learning routes furthermore the stage of l2 acquisition may play an important role hence both the learning of an entirely new language and the processing of an already established second language english are included since the research fields of second language acquisition how we learn a new language and of memory how we learn something in general have so far taken entirely different paths the project will be the first of its kind
centre of excellence in exascaleoriented application codesign and delivery for multiscale simulations

the multixscale centre of excellence will increase performance productivity and portability the three ps across the entire spectrum of scientists active in the domain of multiscale simulation it couples the scientific expertise of the cecam network represented by leading experts in multiscale simulations from different european institutions with the technical expertise of the eessi collaboration and targets the computational laboratories of eurohpc and beyond it will shoulder much of the technical burden of developing and distributing domainrelevant applications for preexascale through application codesign for exascale technologies and the provisioning of exascaleoriented libraries and services that nudge the community to adopt battletested futureoriented scalable workflows and portable technologies together these will allow application developers to pursue domainrelevant scientific innovation without being overburdened by technical detail and empower industrial and academic application users to painlessly adopt bleedingedge technologies from the domain on whatever computational resource they may have access to to drive the development of the libraries and services and to showcase the scientific and industrial potential of truly multiscale approaches multixscale will pursue three pilot use cases of societal and industrial significancehelicopter design and certification for civil transportbattery applications to support the sustainable energy transitionultrasound for noninvasive diagnostics and biomedical applicationsmultixscale will extend the applications userbase and domains actively engaged in the current coe and eurohpc ecosystem by addressing specific and critical needs and advancing the transition towards use of exascale resources by scientific and industrial users in the community of multiscale modelling
operando studies of praseodymium based mixed oxide supported metal catalysts for the direct conversion of methane to methanol bridge the gap of model catalysis and ambient applications

the direct conversion of methane to methanol dcmm has attracted strong interest due to its great potential use in the energy and chemicals sectors at the same time diminishing the greenhouse effect however this process is challenging for heterogeneous catalysis due to the high energy required for cleaving the ch bond in ch4 as wells as the facile overoxidation of ch3oh to co or co2 recent ultrahigh vacuum uhv studies indicate that metaloxide surfacesinterfaces can facilitate dcmm with high selectivity at low temperature in a single batch mode inspired by the model studies in this project we will synthesize a series of praseodymium mixed oxides supported cu and au catalysts ie cuauce1xprxo2 cuauzr1xprxo2 and explore its application for dcmm under ambient conditions major challenges in designing this system for dcmm is the identification of the active sites in the working state and correspondingly tailoring its properties which can be overcome by using in situoperando techniques and defect engineering the catalytic performance will be investigated using both a batch and flow reactor and an operando spectroscopy cell near ambient pressure xray photoelectron spectroscopy napxps and xray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy xanes will be used to determine the electronic state of the metals structure including defects of catalysts will be investigated by in situ xray absorption spectroscopy xas xray diffraction xrd selected area electron diffraction saed and raman scattering the reaction mechanism will be investigated by concentrationmodulation fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy and operando raman scattering this study will provide strongly validated mechanistic and structural conclusions for the future design and optimization of nanostructured dcmm catalysts and represent groundbreaking work at the intersection of surface science and applied catalysis
lipase immobilization for microscopic investigation of enzyme activity

water contamination caused by human and industrial activities is a significant global concern one of the most prominent pollutants is oily wastewater severely impacting groundwater and drinking water quality biocatalysts such as thermomyces lanuginosus lipase tll are used in many household detergents to remove lipids effectively however their limited solubility and reusability can increase running costs and hinder largescale applications to address this issue we plan to immobilize tll on solid supports and determine the appropriate surface density of enzymes conformational changes during immobilization and the effect of support on its kinetic properties our goal is to develop innovative methods for nanoscale imaging of enzymes using transmission electron microscopy tem to gain insights into the structural aspects of immobilization by investigating the interaction of the immobilized enzyme with the support nanostructure and the lipid substrate we expect to identify the attributes that maximize the biocatalytic reaction rate we will explore different immobilization methods on various nanostructures and investigate how tll interacts with the immobilization matrices at the nanoscale level additionally we will apply water vapor atmosphere in the tem to explore in situ the dynamic switching between the active and idle state of the single enzyme molecules in realtime by their conformational changes we are aiming to obtain groundbreaking results and a paradigm shift based on the in situ kinetic studies of lipasecatalyzed chemical reactions which can become a gateway into the quantum mechanical world of molecular science
metaraminol demonstration plant as commercialisation blueprint for sustainable production of pharmaceuticals using enzyme cascades

the development of more environmentally friendly synthesis methods is urgently needed if humanity wants to maintain an environment worth living in the establishment of more biocatalytic steps in chemical synthesis is a possible solution as enzymes and whole cells offer sustainable advantages such as biodegradability toxicity high selectivity and much moreamino alcohols and 2hydroxy ketones are valuable compounds with various applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry with market prices 1000 kg but challenging synthesis strategies as a result of synthesis options with disastrous footprints these molecules are often produced in countries with poor working conditions and significantly lower safety and environmental standards than those accepted in the euthe idea of susecas demoplant is simple an innovative economic and ecological competitive process will enable a sustainable production of amino alcohols in europe in the erc starting grant project lightcas prof rother laid the base with an atomic and stepefficient enzymatic 2step reaction for amino alcohols from inexpensive starting materials 10100 kg in susecas we will take these innovative synthesis ideas to a new level of industrial application a multigram demonstration plant will enable modelbased process evaluation giving us and our customers clear indications of the ecological and economic potential a systematic market analysis will provide an overview of the competitive structure of the overall market the market volume and the requirements of potential customers supported by business angels commercialization strategies will be evaluated in susecas we will develop a business plan for commercialization and initiate a stepbystep market introduction of our products and technologies
sleeping while awake sleep intrusions during wakefulness and their cognitive consequences

what happens in our brains when we get tired mental fatigue can occur for diverse reasons through extended periods of wakefulness or following intense cognitive efforts in other words fatigue can be both time and usedependent my core hypothesis is that both processes are underpinned by local intrusions of sleep in the awake brain sleep and wakefulness are not mutually exclusive states when animals are sleep deprived highamplitude slow waves sws a hallmark of sleep can be locally observed in awake individuals these wake sws have been linked to impaired cognitive performance i have further shown that these wake sws can be observed without sleep deprivation when participants perform demanding tasks these wake sws predict objective errors and subjective eg mind wandering markers of attentional lapses however the underlying mechanisms driving sws remain unclear why do they occur how well do they predict the cognitive consequences associated with fatigue and can they be externally modulatedto answer these questions i will first describe the physiological signatures of wake sws from singleneuron to wholebrain activity second i will seek to explain the occurrence of wake sws by testing their association with the metabolic changes within the brain third whereas wake sws have been so far associated with adverse behaviors lapses of attention i will examine whether wake sws could also predict positive outcomes such as creative insights finally i will investigate the possibility of modulating wake sws and improving cognitive performancethrough this project i will build a novel neurophysiological account of fatigue from the ground up by describing what local sleep is explaining why it occurs predicting its adaptative purposes and modulating how frequently it occurs this ambitious research program will generate critical novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the everyday phenomenon of fatigue
computational multiplexing to optimise nextgeneration sequencing

recent advances in nextgeneration sequencing ngs of nucleic acids ie dna or rna have transformed biology and medicine today ngs is one of the main pillars of research in various biological disciplines and it has already pervaded numerous fields of applications ranging from clinics to the biotechnological industry given its versatility and high demand the global market for ngs is rapidly expanding with the number of sequenced samples doubling every two years however while major advances in ngs were mainly related to a rapid increase in sequencing throughput per machine the preparation of sequencing libraries the otherintegral step of ngs has largely remained unchanged currently this step is the major financial and operational bottleneck for sequencing projects limiting the widespread adoption and utility of ngs current stateoftheart solutions for overcoming these problems either require high upfront costs andor are laborious we are developing a bioinformatics solution to these problems which minimizes the cost and time of library preparation our approach called multiseq allows designing a multiplexing strategy to reduce the number of libraries followed by computational demultiplexing we plan to extend the experimental proof of concept of our method by applying it to broadly sequenced species in addition we will integrate our algorithms into a versatile computing framework and develop a pilot project in an industrially relevant context in parallel we will perform market analysis and evaluate the most suitable ip protection and commercialization strategies of our technology if successful multiseq will be a gamechanging approach that will impact sequencing technology and related industries by further democratizing the field of ngs and benefiting both the scientific community and society
transforming regions into innovation valleys

rinnovalleys is a project that aims to address the challenges and disparities faced by eu regions in accessing the european innovation council eic and fully leveraging its benefits for their innovation ecosystems the project focuses on creating a transnational joint action plan to enhance the capabilities of these regions to connect with the eic ecosystem and foster inclusive genderdiverse and connected innovation ecosystems in line with the new european innovation agenda the project adopts the quadruple helix model the participatory approach peer learning and best practice sharing joint transnational action plan development capacity building and implementation support communication and dissemination to achieve its objectives the project will engage stakeholders from government academia industry and civil society in each region and cover 5 eu countries including rural areas ensuring gender equality objectives the projects methodology aims to ensure that the solutions developed are relevant inclusive and responsive to the unique needs and priorities of the participating regions by combining these concepts models and assumptions the rinnovalleys project methodology aims to address the challenges faced by eu regions in accessing the eic foster collaboration and knowledge exchange and enhance the innovation capabilities of the regions ultimately the project seeks to create a more cohesive connected and balanced innovation ecosystem within the european union ensuring that all regions can more equally thrive and prosper in the global innovation landscape
enabling homomorphic encryption of deep neural network models and datasets in production environments

deep learning dl is widely used to solve classification problems previously unchallenged such as face recognition and presents clear use cases for privacy requirements homomorphic encryption he enables operations upon encrypted data at the expense of vast data size increase ram sizes currently limit the use of he on dl to severely reduced use cases recently emerged persistent memory technology pmem offers largerthanever ram spaces but its performance is far from that of customary dram technologies this project aims at sparking a new class of system architectures for encrypted dl workloads by eliminating or dramatically reducing data movements across memorystorage hierarchies and network supported by pmem technology overcoming its current severe performance limitations home intends to be a firsttime enabler for the encrypted execution of large models that do not fit in dram footprints to execute local to accelerators hundreds of dl models to run simultaneously and large datasets to be run at high resolution and accuracy targeting these groundbreaking goals home enters into unexplored field resulting from the innovative convergence of several disciplines where wideranging research is required in order to assess current and future feasibility its main challenge is to develop methodology capable of breaking through the existing software and hardware limitations home proposes a holistic approach yielding highly impactful outcomes that include novel comprehensive performance characterisation innovative optimisations upon current technology and pioneering hardware proposals home can spawn a paradigm shift that will revolutionise the convergence of the machine learning and cryptography disciplines filling a gap of knowledge and opening new horizons such as dl training on he currently too demanding even for dram home based on solid evidence will unveil the great unknown of whether pmem is a practical enabler for encrypted dl workloads
creating knowledge

in this project i want to unravel how we buildup and update our knowledge networks depending on the amount of previous experience we have by testing my new theory on experience dependent learning current theory postulates memories to be stored initially as sets of neural representations spanning the hippocampus and weakly interacting neocortical modules the spontaneous reactivation of new memories during a consolidation phase would lead to strengthening of the neocortical memory trace consequently preexisting knowledge is proposed to be coded in the brain as a cortical network of neurons that allows for more efficient consolidation of new information i recently developed a new theory proposing that the existence of previous knowledge and therefore the extent of the cortical memory network is a gradient of experience instead of being either present or not the size and complexity of the knowledge network would influence where in the brain memories are encoded and how fast they are consolidated i propose combining my innovative behavioural paradigm the hexmaze that enables investigatory access to various levels of experience with different techniques in three species to test this theory in mice with immediate early gene expression techniques to visualize and manipulate the brainwide memory network with the resolution of individual neurons in rats with electrophysiology to measure and manipulate memory reactivations during sleep as the mechanisms to enable consolidation in humans with targeted memory reactivation and magnetic resonance imaging to follow the evolution of learning over one year the combination of species with their respective methods enables to observe effects as well as test for causality the unique combination of meaningful behaviour with appropriate precise techniques would provide groundbreaking insight into how we create and update our knowledge networks and change the way we view and test memory