Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
bioacoustic ai for wildlife protection

the biodiversity crisis is coming into sharp focus the bioacai network will establish a vital modern evidence source for wildlife protection by bringing the promise of aipowered acoustic monitoring to fruitionbiodiversity loss is ranked as one of the top 5 global risks both in impact and likelihood world economic forum 2020 2021 2022 continentalscale assessments warn of population declines in major taxa such as birds and insects yet data for monitoring biodiversity change remain incomplete spatially temporally and taxonomically to stabilise biodiversity trends and assess ecosystem restoration interventions it is crucial to monitor the worlds wildlife better faster and to provide rapid intelligence that can enable us to manage these riskssound recording is a cheap rapid and powerful way to monitor many key animal species and modern machine learning can radically improve its scale and precision however there are two barriers aienhanced tools for bioacoustic monitoring are at a low readiness level with few endtoend solutions available
advanced leidenfrost effect

when a liquid droplet is placed on a solid surface with a temperature significantly higher than the boiling point of the liquid the droplet hovers above the surface on a thin layer of its own vapor a phenomenon known as the leidenfrost effect while this effect is highly undesirable in certain cooling applications due to the reduced energy transfer between the solid and evaporating liquid caused by the poor heat conductivity of the vapor it can be of significant interest in various processes where avoiding contact with the surface is advantageousthe leidenforce project aims to comprehensively study the leidenfrost effect and propose novel applications either to mitigate its adverse effects or leverage its advantages leidenforce intends to i shift the fundamental understanding of the transition to the leidenfrost state ii optimize the heat transfer between the droplet and the substrate iii utilize the isolated droplet to manipulate small amounts of liquid in unconventional scenarios eg on a liquid surface within a channel and iv harness the vapor film to capture or confine particles using an external electrical fieldthe practical implications will be leveraged by nonacademic institutions involved in aviation such as airbus metallurgy crm cryogenics air liquide and space exploration centre spatial de lige in aviation managing cryogenic fuel is a crucial step toward achieving zeroemission flights in metallurgy innovative cooling methods will be developed based on mitigating the leidenfrost effect air liquide will address cooling issues by introducing particles into the evaporating liquid to modify the leidenfrost effect lastly at the centre spatial de lige leidenfrost droplets will be utilised to delicately clean surfaces by trapping particles within these contactless droplets
the interplay of symbiont nutrient release and host phagosome maturation in photosymbiosis regulation

photosymbioses between heterotrophic hosts and phototrophic algal endosymbionts have repeatedly and independently evolved across the tree of life the immense productivity of photosymbioses affects global nutrient cycles yet global warming is disrupting these nutrientexchange symbioses destabilizing the ecosystems they support heat stress erodes the metabolic controls underlying the establishment and maintenance of mutualistic carbon recycling in these symbioses a link between endosymbiont nutrient release and their intracellular maintenance could thus explain the evolutionary establishment as well as the ecological collapse of photosymbioses in the anthropocene harnessing recent advances in cell isolation and culture techniques phagophore seeks to understand the processes underlying the establishment maintenance and breakdown of the cnidarianalgal symbiosis specifically i will investigate the idea that the release of photosynthates enables algal endosymbionts to evade phagosomal digestion and autophagic immune responses of the host by mimicking ongoing digestion processes in three complementary work packages that combine stateoftheart singlecell transcriptomics proteomics and isotopic imaging techniques i will 1 characterize the role of host phagosome maturation processes in the intracellular establishment and maintenance of algal endosymbionts 2 investigate the postulated link between algal nutrient release and host phagosome arrest and immune suppression 3 examine the drivers of coevolution towards obligate metabolic interactions in photosymbioses deciphering the interplay between symbiotic nutrient cycling and host phagosome maturation will be key to understanding the establishment and subsequent breakdown of photosymbioses these processes are unlikely restricted to photosymbioses and could reveal fundamental mechanisms enabling the establishment of endosymbioses and as such eukaryotic life itself
carbanions as functional groups and building blocks for novel reagents catalysts and materials

carbanionic compounds such as organolithium or grignard reagents are important organometallic reagents and commonly used in organic synthesis for difficult deprotonation or cc bond formation reactions due to the strongly polarized metal carbon bond these reagents are usually highly reactive and sensitive towards air and moisture and thus must be handled under strictly anhydrous conditions owing to this intrinsic reactivity carbanionic compounds are usually only prepared in situ and scarcely applied beyond their classical use as strong bases or alkylation reagents free carbanions without stabilizing metalcarbon interaction are usually even more reactive but can be isolated when being stabilized by electron withdrawing groups these naked carbanions are isoelectronic to simple amines yet whereas amines are applied in various fields of chemistry not only as bases but also as versatile building blocks and functional groups applications of free carbanions are very limited this project will change the perspective on carbanionic compounds by careful molecular design the reactivity of carbanions will be controlled to enable their use as broadly applicable building blocks and functional groups experimental and computational methods will provide a fundamental understanding of the electronic structure and its influencing factors thus allowing for a systematic use of the anionic nature and donor capacity of carbanions to reach properties and reactivities which are not accessible via conventional strategies thus we will provide a new toolbox for the design of smart anionic reagents and catalysts the power of this concept will be demonstrated by applying carbanions in different research directions ranging from the stabilization of main group species with unusual electronic properties to designing new bifunctional catalysts with abundant s and pblock elements and the generation of versatile weakly coordinating anions
a biomarkerbased platform for early diagnosis of chronic liver disease to enable personalized therapy

liver cirrhosis and liver cancer are common and responsible for high morbidity impaired quality of life major costs for healthcare systems causing 300k deaths per year in europe predominant etiological factors are obesity type2 diabetes and increased alcohol intake which are all on the rise it is predicted that healthy life expectancy will decrease in europe over the next 30 years because of deaths due to liver disease liver cirrhosis develops after a very long period of asymptomatic liver fibrosis staying undetected until patients develop severe complications due to cirrhosis or liver cancer currently the only effective treatment available is liver transplantation which is not applicable to all patients if fibrosis is detected early to target the course of liver disease then liver fibrosis is reversible the liveraim project concentrates a team of renowned clinical centres and industrial partners including smes with great expertise in the field of liver disease the aim being to design and validate a screening platform with biomarkers for population screening to use across europe the objective is to identify liver disease early and apply personalized therapeutic interventions a large number of existing biomarkers will be tested for fibrosis prediction accuracy using biobank plasma samples from 40000 subjects from previous h2020 eufunded cohorts liveraim will develop a screening platform with biomarkers using ai for personalized early diagnosis of fibrosis to be validated in a rct of 100k subjects from 6 representative eu countries the platform will be linked to tailored personalized therapeutic interventions to halt fibrosis progression with liveraim early diagnosis and personalized intervention can stop liver disease progression help decrease morbidity and mortality and the associated societal burdens both economic and health inequity
unravelling the silicification process in rhizaria through genetics and skeletal growth

silicon si is a major nutrient in the global ocean required for growth by a variety of distantly related organisms including microalgae sponges and rhizarians silicifying rhizaria were among the first protists to inhabit the ocean and together with sponges dominated the biogenic silica production during the cambrian era these organisms became an important though poorly understood component of marine ecosystems in the contemporary ocean diatoms are thought to dominate the planktonic realm and to be the main contributor to the si cycle however my recent work has revealed that rhizaria have unexpectedly high individual si production rates and biogenic silica content suggesting that their contribution to marine si and carbon cycles may have been underestimated this project aims to elucidate the process of silicification in rhizaria and determine sources of variability in silicic acid uptake of these protists through three tailored work packages wps the first wp consists of the analyse of transcriptomic data at a global scale as well as individual transcriptomes of isolated rhizaria to assess the diversity of si transporters thereafter the examination of silica deposition using a fluorescence compound in a broad range of rhizaria and varying ambient silicic acid concentrations the final wp will be the quantification of gene expression during silicification processes using primers designed within wp1 this highly interdisciplinary project combines bioinformatics molecular biology and physiology leading to a more unified approach to plankton research the outcomes of this project will improve our general understanding of si transport in rhizaria as well as our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of si in the ocean this work will also constitute a major advance in my career as i acquire skills in new research methods beyond my current capacity and build a unique skillset that will set me ahead of the current rhizarian research scope
harmonised nutrient load reduction approaches within safe ecological boundaries in catchments located in nw eu

in 2015 the ecological status of 7590 of surface waters in nw europe was reported to be less than good diffuse pollution with nitrogen n and phosphorus p from agriculture together with point sources of n and p pollution from wastewater plants and industry are a major cause of this failure to achieve good ecological status climate change is likely to exacerbate the pollution risk clearly there is a huge challenge to implement effective mitigation measures to reduce nutrient loadings to air and water to meet desired environmental targets against the background of a changing climate the synergies and tradeoffs between management actions to mitigate climate change and those to mitigate n and p pollution need to be clarified to develop effective local regional and national policies governance arrangements to implement and monitor the necessary actions need to be better integrated requiring a consistent and coherent set of environmental indicators the overall objective of newharmonica is to assess and codevelop a harmonised systemic approach to prioritizing an effective suite of n and p pollution mitigation measures and indicators to meet local to regional environmental targets to achieve this objective an experienced newharmonica consortium 4 partners from 3 countries with complementary expertise skills and networks will work on 4 n and ppolluted crossborder river basins in nw europe all partners are involved in an established nw europe policyscience working group pswg who together with local catchment stakeholders play a central role in newharmonica newharmonicas approach is based on a combination of technical assessments including quantification of n and p flows and loadreduction targets in the study catchments assessments of governance arrangements and policy support for the codevelopment of harmonised environmental policies based on a strong evidence base and interactions with the pswg and local stakeholders
atmospheric speciation of iron exploring the impact of wet and dry deposition to the so marine productivity

the aspire project will provide the experienced fellow dr morgane mg perron expert in biogeochemistry at the airsea interface unique competences in organic fe speciation in rainwater and aerosols which are currently missing to the research field of atmospheric biogeochemistry at the university of western brittany ubo a secondment at the university of liverpool uni liv will teach her new skills in voltammetry techniques the project will consolidate her scientific expertise and maturity and strengthen her scientific network with the goal of holding a permanent academic position in france aspire proposes to develop a new analytical method to measure the organic speciation of fe in dry atmospheric samples collected over the largely understudied regions of the atlantic and indian sectors of the southern ocean atmospheric fe measurements produced during the aspire project will enable a comprehensive characterisation of fe speciation in the atmosphere over the southern ocean especially the fraction of aerosol fe which is effectively bioavailable to marine phytoplankton this is of key interest as the lack of bioavailable fe drastically limits marine productivity in this vast oceanic region impacting the extent and magnitude of atmospheric co2 drawdown by the southern ocean a multidisciplinary synthesis of new atmospheric fe measurements produced by the aspire project and new and existing oceanic fe measurements from the geotraces solas and sanap research programmes in the same study region will refine the link between atmospheric fe deposition and oceanic productivity in the southern ocean in the present time this work will open perspective collaborations to model the impact of atmospheric fe deposition under future climate conditions the aspire project contributes to the eu and united nations decade of ocean 20212030 objectives to preserve our oceans to increase scientific cooperation and to raise public awareness on climate change
quantum controlled xray spectroscopy of elementary molecular dynamics

elementary processes in nature chemical synthesis and functional materials critically rely on photochemical transformations monitoring these events on the most fundamental level and recording movies of individual molecular motions has been a longstanding dream of chemists and physicists to this end timeresolved spectroscopy uses carefully timed sequences of short laser pulses to concatenate stroboscopic frames of information in analogy to a video camera this has recently been pushed to the xray domain where ultrabright femto and attosecond laser pulses enable scientists to monitor nuclear and electronic motions in realtime however key features remain elusive due to their intrinsic weakness and the high complexity of their coupled dynamicsmy primary goal is to tackle this challenge and develop methods capable of monitoring fundamental molecular photochemistry with unprecedented precision quantxs is a theoretical program that puts forward the completely novel concept of quantumcontrolled xray spectroscopy i specifically propose to implement pulse shaping techniques at the pump amplification and probe stage of timeresolved xray measurements this will tailor the spectroscopic pulse sequence for maximum specificity to so far unmeasured signatures of elementary molecular events to achieve this i will implement a bottomup approach starting with the quantum dynamical simulation of a photochemical ring opening and its transient xray signals i will then use optimal control theory to shape light pulses that i maximize the observable absorption emission and energy redistribution of existing weak signatures and bring them above the detection threshold and ii explore entirely new parameter regimes for timeresolved xray spectroscopy to generate conceptually new signals by demonstrating these applications quantxs will push ultrafast xray sciences to new frontiers in its endeavor to measure the fundamental properties of matter
investigating the biodegradation and fate of plastics in the gut of xylophagous insect larvae

the recalcitrance of plastics leads to their accumulation in the environment where physical deterioration in absence of degradation is causing widespread pollution microplastics have been found to enter the food chain and to bio accumulate with hitherto unknown longterm health effects making plastic pollution one of the major environmental problems of our time in recent years a plethora of plastic degrading microorganisms and enzymes have been reported however their degradation efficiencies especially for conventional plastics are often underwhelming enzymes capable of plastic degradation share a close homology to enzymes involved in the degradation of natural plant derived polymers such as esterases cutinases lipases it is therefore no surprise that most plastic degrading microorganisms and enzymes are found in the soil environment and compost where plant litter is a dominant carbon source recently microorganisms inhabiting the guts of xylophagous insect larvae were reported to degrade highly recalcitrant plastics such as polyethylene polystyrene and polyurethane however evidence of this degradation remains scarce and to date few enzymes capable of degrading these polymers could be confirmed in this regard xylophagous insect larvae harbour much untapped potential for the discovery of unknown plastic degrading microorganisms and enzymes that could help mitigate plastic pollution this project will benefit from my previous experience with stable isotope probing sequencing analysis and plastic degradation by using carbon13 labelled plastics to investigate plastic fate and degradation in the gut of xylophagous insect larvae cryosectioning of the larval gut and stateoftheart imaging technologies will be used to study plastic fate stable isotope probing coupled with metagenomics and proteomics will then identify genes and enzymes responsible for plastic degradation and their function will be confirmed in vitro through heterologous expression
dynamic cross sections and heterogeneity in macroeconomics

a main challenge for modern macroeconomics is to understand the consequences of the sizeable heterogeneity across households and firms a feature ignored by textbook representativeagent models important questions arise on the role that such heterogeneity plays in the workings of the economy and its ability to respond to shocks in the presence of frictions and lumpy behavior infrequent large adjustments as is the case for durable purchases technology adoption portfolio adjustments investment and price resetting we develop new methods to characterize the equilibrium dynamics of rich distributions for a rigorous understanding of the forces that impinge on the aggregate economic behavior in the presence of realistic heterogeneity we apply the methods to two set of macroeconomic problemsfirst mapping models to data and the economys response to shocks for a broad class of models with lumpy behavior we analyze aggregation and develop methods to identify and quantify the fundamental frictions the agents face the methods will be used to characterize the economys response to aggregate shocks and identify the cross section features that matter and those that do not in shaping the aggregate response applications concern investment labor and housing markets inequality and growth and newkeynesian modelssecond a rigorous analysis of dynamic strategic complementarities and network effects the dependence of one agents decision on what other agents do is key in modelling aggregate dynamics and relevant in reality for instance a firm may be slow to react to a shock because other firms have not yet reacted to date there are no results to guide us in the analysis of such complementarities in dynamic models with heterogeneity several applications including the amplification of monetary nonneutrality and the dynamic network effects of introducing eg central bank digital currency will be explored
phototherapy treatment for longterm covid19 patients

as the number of covid19 cases grows worldwide so does the number of those suffering from clinical parameters that last weeks tomonths post initial recovery termed longcovid with as much as 3655 of survivors exhibiting longlasting symptoms eg weight loss chest pain cognitive and memory disorders breathlessness according to recent studiesan estimated 157 million longcovid adult patients worldwide to date clearly this growing health problem represents a modern global medical challenge this challenge is compounded by a knowledge gap regarding the causes and prevalence of longcovid leaving no effective treatments as noted by the lancet the scientific and medical communities must collaborate and find effective treatments based on findings from my erc grant supported by other covidrelated reports i propose to validate a uvb radiation phototherapy protocol for the treatment of longcovid patients our findings indicate that phototherapy induces an immunological shift that counters that of the covid phenotype from t helper th 1 cells which stimulate inflammation and cellmediated immunity to th2 cells which promote humoral immunity phototherapy is also expected to address a range of reported respiratory cardiovascular neurological endocrine and metabolic longcovid symptoms our poc entails both validating via a clinical trial the proposed treatment through a strong collaborative framework with maccabi healthcare services israels second largest hmo and conducting precommercialization steps to enable quick easy dissemination on the global stage taken together our value proposition is an effective noninvasive simple longcovid treatment that can be implemented through already established phototherapy clinics worldwide thereby offering immediate relief to longcovid patients while simultaneously reducing the health and financial burden of severely overburdened health systems