Dragon09/odtu_chatbot huggingface dataset:
recycling technologies for circular aluminium

recycling aluminium from existing end of life eol and production scraps uses only 5 of energy compared to primary material production making it mandatory for exploiting its global decarbonisation potential and meeting the demands of the european green dealhowever once aluminium is alloyed with other metals it is virtually impossible to remove these elements again extensive mixing of different eol alloys therefore inevitably leads to downcycling this practice has been a successful strategy due to high demand for cast aluminium alloys in combustion engines a universal recycling sink that will dry up in the coming yearseurope possesses a rich potential of secondary aluminium resources with an expected share of 49 of total aluminium production by 2050 the recal project recycling technologies for circular aluminium provides a balanced approach to fully exploit this valuable resource it synergistically addresses all stages of circular production and tackles problems of the entire value chainincrease impurity tolerance in alloy design at level or superior performanceexploit the benefits of digitization and robotic assistance in sorting and dismantling create recyclate streams with vastly enhanced puritiesadapt production paradigms to unfold the full potential of secondary resourcesharmonise communication between all sectors of the aluminium industrythe project will mature an envelope of 14 crucial technological solutions towards these goals up to trl6 and embed them into a digital sociotechnical ecosystems the aluminium hub for circularity this interactive platform will directly link stakeholders along the value chain for full scale industrial and technological symbiosis and circular economy closing energy resource and data loops at regional and european scale
mechanisms and biological functions of h3k27me3 reprogramming in plant microspores

how totipotency is established in germ cells is an essential question in reproductive biology in the plant male germline the haploid meiotic products microspores are totipotent which permits crop breeding via microspore embryogenesis however the molecular basis and biological significance of microspore totipotency are unknown more generally our understanding of plant cell totipotency is in its infancy my lab established the arabidopsis male germline as a model to study germline epigenetic reprogramming we recently discovered that h3k27me3 a histone modification essential for developmental regulation is globally erased in microspores we also identified a new family of histone h2a deubiquitinases gdus and our results suggest that the gdus and a histone h3 variant h315 gradually remove h3k27me3 during microspore development i hypothesize that global h3k27me3 erasure facilitates the diploid to haploid transcriptional shift establishes cellular totipotency and allows the two identical sperm cells within a pollen grain to initiate the development of distinct seed structures embryo and endosperm we will leverage our recent discoveries as well as stateoftheart technologies to study indepth the epigenetic basis of microspore totipotency and its biological functions via these aims 1 determine the timing scope and functions of h3k27me3 reprogramming in microspores 2 understand the role of histone h315 and gdus in h3k27me3 reprogramming 3 alter microspore regeneration ability by manipulating h3k27me3 reprogramming 4 elucidate the contribution of global h3k27me3 erasure to double fertilization our outputs will revolutionize our understanding of plant cellular totipotency and sexual reproduction and elucidate novel strategies to enhance microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant crops these insights will in turn reveal core principles governing epigenetic regulation of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes
study of ion migration in perovskite solar cells via xray photoemission spectroscopy imaging and photoluminescence microscopy

organicinorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells pscs attract enormous attention in the field of emerging photovoltaics due to their unique optoelectronic properties and unprecedented advances in performance in just over a decade the power conversion efficiency of pscs has increased from 39 to 255 suggesting this technology might be ready for largescale exploitation in industrial applications however stability and scalability are some of the major concerns that impede the commercialisation of pscs among these exploring strategies to enhance the longterm stability of pscs is a main research topic in the perovskite community while it is generally considered that ionic defect states in the perovskite layer such as vacancies interstitial sites antisite substitutions as well as surface and grain boundary defects inevitably lead to the degradation of pscs much remains unknown about the fundamental nature of ionic defects and in particular their migration in perovskite materials this project will focus on the study of ion migration by a unique combination of electrical and spectroscopic methods which will allow tracking changes in both the compositional and optoelectronic properties of perovskites with the same spatial resolution and thus directly linking the migration of ionic species to their effect on material properties by applying this novel methodology i will explore the effects of perovskite composition film microstructure and mitigation strategies on the ion migration and investigate how ion migration impacts the stability of perovskite materials this project will significantly expand our current understanding of ion migration in pscs and provide valuable insights for enhancing device stability
singleatom decorated 2d catalysts for powertox conversion and sustainable future

high efficient powertox technologies such as hydrogen production by water splitting the electrocatalytic reduction reaction of carbon dioxide to fuels and nitrogen reduction to ammonia are the cornerstones for building sustainable future energy and economy p2x technologies are a direct tool for achieving carbon neutrality and reducing the negative effects of anthropogenic climate change as well as dramatically reducing the role of fossil fuels in energy and industry making it impossible to use the fossil fuels supply as an instrument of political pressure the proposed project is aimed at the development and complex study of the electro and photoelectro active materials based on singleatommodified 2d flakes of mxenes and mbenes aimed at significant improvement of the energy efficiency of powertox technologies optimization of the composition and structure of catalytic sites including the simultaneous decoration of material by two or several atoms of different elements controlled by electrochemical atomicforce spectroscopy will be used for the preparation of efficient catalytic materials with outstanding properties novel methods of decorating 2d materials by laser and microwave exposure as well as general patterns of controlling the catalytic mxenes and mbenes activity by sa sa ensemble structure will be also developed
rapid microplastic analysis by microparticle radars

microplastics pollution is becoming increasingly problematic due to its involvement in a myriad of health problems and its effects on natural wildlife water agencies across the globe are progressively implementing screening policies for drinking water to address this issue however this is proving to be challenging since the existing monitoring technologies are labor intensive and timeconsuming with low throughput to address the issue we propose a new flowthrough sensor that builds upon technologies that were developed during our main erc project the sensor device combines two different electronic sensors that extract both the size and the dielectric permittivity of microparticles passing through the system in a rapid and high throughput manner the dielectric permittivity is a robust parameter that can be used to identify plastics from other materials found naturally in the environment by utilizing this difference at the single microparticle level our new technology can be used either to eliminate nonplastic materials from samples for downstream conventional microplastics spectroscopy or as a standalone automated sensor for rapid microplastics quantification in drinking water samples here we will set up a microplastics workbench to crossvalidate the accuracy of our proposed technology after validation and securing the ip rights we will seek out drinking water samples from water boards across the globe to analyze them in our lab this will allow us to form networks of collaborators and lead us towards providing rapid microplastics analysis as a commercial service to water regulation agencies in addition to the potential economic opportunities we envision that our technology will accelerate microplastics screening and play a significant role in stymieing the spread of microplastics pollution
longrange and highdatarate wireless communication using chirp spread spectrum modulated spintronic oscillators

wireless communication is an indispensable facet of modern society offering remarkable performance and societal benefits it promotes vast network coverage scalability and the ability to connect multiple devices simultaneously and in easily reconfigurable ways these advantages have facilitated the growth of many sectors including the internet of things iot wireless sensor networks telemedicine and mobile commerce the wireless communication market is valued at approximately 930b globally with the continued integration of wireless technology into every aspect of our daily lives this figure is expected to grow to over 1200b by 2027 there is particularly intense development in longrange wireless communication where the lora communication protocol demonstrates the fastest market expansion thanks to its unique timeshifted chirp spread spectrum css modulation methods css uses a correlation decoding technique for signal transmission over very long distances largely immune to the significant reduction of amplitude below the noise level of the receiver the main weak point of lora and other modern longrange wireless communication technologies is the relatively narrow bandwidth and slow chirp rate which are limited by the physical properties of their cmos local oscillator the proposed project loraspin will deliver a rapid energyefficient affordable longrange wireless communication system based on spintronic oscillators loraspin will combine the high data rates of wifi and cellular 5g with the extremely long range of lora but without the high cost the technology developed in loraspin hence delivers a unique combination of high data rate ultralong communication range and low cost that no other technology can match today
organization specific threat intelligence mining and sharing

the optima project organization specific threat intelligence mining and sharing aims to design techniques and tools for the extraction of threat intelligence targeted to organizations using ml algorithms and effectively share attack records using privacypreserving methods the project will use technologies to protect societies from cyberattacks and sophisticated threats prioritized in the european councils new strategic agenda the key beneficiaries of the project are a security operation centerto support real time monitoring b incident response threat hunting fraud detection teamto prioritize risk c operational leaders to prioritize activities of it staff and d strategic leaders such as chief information security officers to make wellinformed business decisions this project will be executed at the university of padua under the supervision of prof mauro conti the project will investigate solutions for the core questions rq1 how effectively can ml algorithms extract organizationspecific threat artefacts to be utilized for preparing actionable threat intelligence rq2 how can organizations share threat intelligence without disclosing their private information to othersthe objectives so of the project are as follows 1so1to develop techniques for automatic extraction of threat intelligence using osint data for diverse it industries health care finance iot education etc using deep learning approaches2so2to create a novel automated system to derive indicator of compromise ioc based on word embedding and syntactic dependencies of words to identify unseen iocs utilizing the extracted iocs a threat index will be estimated to define the impact of threat and attack trends across individual organizations3so3to build a system by integrating cryptographic tools and federated learning which will enable an organization to anonymously share threat logs with different parties in a privacypreserving manner
optical control over multimembrane materials

acoustic metamaterials and circuits allow to shape and control the propagation of vibrations ie phonons in an artificial material using the interaction of phonons with light in so called optomechanical devices single material sites can be interfaced and mechanical properties be locally tuned optomechanically controlled acoustic circuits hold great promise for a wide range of applications from routing and manipulation of vibrations in integrated acoustic circuits over topological optomechanical materials and nonreciprocal devices to optomechanical arrays so far optomechanical control of acoustic metamaterials on the scale of only up to two interface sites has been achieved by optomechanical crystals or coupled microdisks the limited access to interface sites and the dominating disorder in those systems poses fundamental restrictions on the size complexity and amount of control over the acoustic layermy project will realize a new platform for optically interfaced integrated acoustic circuits that lifts the present restrictions to this end i will interface ingapmembrane resonator arrays ie the acoustic metamaterial fabricated over a distributed bragg reflector dbr substrate using flexibly positioned micromirrors on optical fiber tips this system establishes an outofplane optical interface using a membraneinthemiddle cavity scheme the microscopic fabryperot cavity approach enables large optomechanical spring effects that are used to individually control the acoustic material sites and that surpass both disorder and the direct mechanical coupling of acoustic resonator sites this novel approach will allow for an unprecedented and hitherto unachieved level of optical control over acoustic metamaterialsthe platform established within this project will be suited for a vast number of applications complementing other integrated device platforms and opening a pathway to concepts so far only studied in theoretical proposals
development of nutritional vesicles for precision diagnostics and therapeutics for metabolic diseases

the nutriev project explores the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles evs derived from food in nutrition these nutrievs are envisioned to serve as superfoods and nutritional biosensors the project integrates various disciplines including nutrition microbiome research glycan analysis molecular biology nanoreagent assembly biosensors organoid technologies in vivo models and clinical researchnutrievs obtained from raw and fermented foods are a model for our research investigating the glycans associated with nutrievs will provide insights into how these vesicles may deliver their nutritional cargo to cells nutrievs can withstand the digestive process influencing the gut microbiome and other gutresident cells including their secreted evs subsequently they transcytose across the gut wall into the bloodstream impacting cellular metabolism and diseasethe project delves into the intricate interplay between dietary evs the gut residence cell the microbiome and their associated evs we aim to understand their role in gut health obesity and metabolic regulation through a comprehensive array of in vitro in vivo and clinical investigations these evs are detected in sweat with unique molecular signatures providing noninvasive biomonitoring technologies to assess nutritional impact these technologies can potentially revolutionize our ability to evaluate the influence of nutrition the successful completion of the nutriev project presents promising translational opportunities for both the food industry and medicine
a molecular atlas of actin filament identities in the cell motility machinery

the actin cytoskeleton is essential to cellular function and hence to life it is regulated not only via a complex synergistic and competitive interplay between actinbinding proteins abp but also by filament biochemistry and filament geometry both the biochemical identity of an actin filament as well as the geometrical identity of actin networks are defined by abp activity while biochemistry and geometry also regulate abp recruitment however it is still unknown how actin filament biochemistry geometry and abp activity jointly define actin cytoskeleton remodelling in a dynamic system such as cell migration resolving this critical relationship would enable a better understanding of the multitude of cellular processes that ultimately depend on actinactinid will tackle this question by advancing in situ structural biology to generate a molecular atlas of the actin cytoskeleton proteome in migratory cell protrusions our overarching aims are to1 develop cryoelectron tomography workflows to achieve 3d imaging of entire actin networks in cellular protrusions at singlefilament resolution combined with detailed quantitative analysis this will provide the ground truth on how dynamic filament geometries steer directional cell movement2 solve highresolution in situ structures of abps and factin and describe abp quantity abp distribution and spatial correlation with their potential partners this visual proteome will reveal how actin filament identities are regulated in an entire system3 study the reciprocal regulation of abp activity filament geometry and biochemistry via genetic manipulation of abps using integrative cell and structural biology experiments and relate this to cell migration characteristicsactinid will be transformative for our understanding of actin cytoskeleton regulation while also advancing the potential of in situ structural biology to go beyond isolated structural descriptions of biological systems
benchmarking ai to predict mutagenicity by combing chemical structure and genomewide mutation data

assessing mutagenicity the capacity of a substance to cause permanent and potentially harmful changes to an organisms dna is a pivotal concern in drug development this assessment is crucial because it helps to predict the carcinogenic potential of new pharmaceuticals ensuring that they are safe for human use the importance of evaluating mutagenicity in drug development cannot be overstated drugs are designed to interact with biological systems to treat or prevent diseases but they must do so without causing harmful genetic alterations the process of developing a new drug involves a complex timeconsuming and costly sequence of research and testing to ensure efficacy and safety if mutagenicity is not accurately assessed the consequences can be severe addressing the complexities and limitations associated with assessing mutagenicity in drug development an innovative approach utilizing artificial intelligence ai and whole genome sequencing wgs data presents a promising solution mutapredict introduces an innovative aidriven platform designed to revolutionize the field of drug development by accurately predicting the mutagenic potential of new chemical compounds this platform is set to address the ethical economic and temporal challenges associated with conventional animal testing and in vitro analyses promoting a more humane costeffective and efficient approach to drug safety assessments leveraging advanced wgs data our solution significantly accelerates the drug development process ensuring both safety and efficacy our value proposition encompasses ethical and sustainable drug development by offering a viable alternative to animal testing thus meeting the growing demands for ethical research practices
stereotypes and opportunities fostering interactions and awareness

stereotypes are often at the origin of biased behaviour and can contribute to the widening of socioeconomic inequalities in diverse societies this is especially true in the schooling context where both teachers and students may hold negative stereotypes towards certain groups the overarching goal of this proposal is to study the formation of stereotypes and test policies designed to mitigate educational inequalities building on insights from behavioural economics and causal machine learning techniquesthe proposed research combines several innovative aspects i cutting edge datasets merging administrative data with newly collected surveys including psychological measures and incentivized experiments ii quasinatural experiments to shed light on the determinants of stereotypes and biased behaviour and iii randomized controlled trials to test scalable and costeffective policiessofia is composed of three workpackages wp focusing respectively on evidence from italy finland and chile wp1 provides innovative evidence on the role of selective memory in the formation of gender stereotypes for adolescents and teachers project a and evidence on how causal machine learning techniques can be used to mitigate inequalities project b wp2 focuses on the implications of exposure to immigrants on the development of stereotypes and interethnic relationships project c and on how to improve social cohesion through innovative interventions that exploit behavioural insights project d wp3 investigates the role of selfstereotypes in explaining limited access to opportunities in education project ethe proposal speaks to the policy debate on how to effectively mitigate discrimination to foster educational achievements of disadvantaged or underrepresented groups it is my hope that the combination of innovative solutions inspired by behavioural insights and solid evidence generated through credible empirical strategies will help inform this debate
hyperpolarized sensors for probing metabolism in microfluidic organonchip platforms

hyperpolarized hp magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a promising method for probing the biological characteristics of living tissue a sensor molecule eg pyruvate fumarate acetate is hyperpolarized and injected into a patient and the resulting metabolic flux can be used to assess cell viability tumour response to therapy and perform ph mapping to name a few examples two significant barriers stand in the way of the widespread implementation of hp imaging 1 the current hyperpolarization method dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization ddnp is cumbersome expensive and requires expertise to operate the equipment and 2 preclinical method development relies heavily on the use of animal models which inhibits rapid screening of experiments to overcome these limitations in this project i will 1 implement parahydrogeninduced polarization as the hyperpolarization method which is significantly cheaper easier to use and can produce the hyperpolarized metabolites at a higher rate than ddnp and 2 perform the hyperpolarized imaging in organonachip devices which closely mimic in vivo conditions but allow for experiments to be performed at a greater rate and can use human tissue as opposed to animal tissue to more closely mimic real conditions the specific focus in this project will be to investigate whether hp metabolic imaging can provide insight into the progression of muscular dystrophy in human muscle tissue