Hubble's law
Observed values of the Hubble constant

Date published
Hubble constant (km/s)/Mpc
Observer
Citation
Remarks / methodology
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after 1996
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before 1996
50–90 (est.)
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2019-03-28
68.0+4.2 −4.1
Fermi-LAT
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Gamma ray attenuation due to extragalactic light. Independent of the cosmic distance ladder and the cosmic microwave background.
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2019-03-18
74.03±1.42
Hubble Space Telescope
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Precision HST photometry of Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) reduce the uncertainty in the distance to the LMC from 2.5% to 1.3%.
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2019-02-08
67.78+0.91 −0.87
Joseph Ryan et al.
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Quasar angular size and baryon acoustic oscillations, assuming a flat LambdaCDM model. Alternative models result in different (generally lower) values for the Hubble constant.
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2018-11-06
67.77±1.30
DES Collaboration
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Supernova measurements using the inverse distance ladder method based on baryon acoustic oscillations.
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2018-09-05
72.5+2.1 −2.3
H0LiCOW collaboration
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Observations of multiply imaged quasars, independent of the cosmic distance ladder and independent of the cosmic microwave background measurements.
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2018-07-18
67.66±0.42
Planck Mission
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Final Planck 2018 results.
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2018-04-27
73.52±1.62
Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia
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Additional HST photometry of galactic Cepheids with early Gaia parallax measurements. The revised value increases tension with CMB measurements at the 3.8σ level.
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2018-02-22
73.45±1.66
Hubble Space Telescope
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Parallax measurements of galactic Cepheids for enhanced calibration of the distance ladder; the value suggests a discrepancy with CMB measurements at the 3.7σ level.
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2017-10-16
70.0+12.0 −8.0
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration
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Measurement was independent of a cosmic ‘distance ladder'; the gravitational-wave analysis of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 directly estimated the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales.
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2016-11-22
71.9+2.4 −3.0
Hubble Space Telescope
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Uses time delays between multiple images of distant variable sources produced by strong gravitational lensing. Collaboration known as Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring (H0LiCOW).
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2016-08-04
76.2+3.4 −2.7
Cosmicflows-3
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Comparing redshift to other distance methods, including Tully–Fisher, Cepheid variable, and Type Ia supernovae. A restrictive estimate from the data implies a more precise value of 75±2.
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2016-07-13
67.6+0.7 −0.6
SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
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Baryon acoustic oscillations. An extended survey (eBOSS) began in 2014 and is expected to run through 2020.
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2016-05-17
73.24±1.74
Hubble Space Telescope
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Type Ia supernova, the uncertainty is expected to go down by a factor of more than two with upcoming Gaia measurements and other improvements.
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2015-02
67.74±0.46
Planck Mission
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Results from an analysis of Planck's full mission were made public on 1 December 2014 at a conference in Ferrara, Italy.
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2013-10-01
74.4±3.0
Cosmicflows-2
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Comparing redshift to other distance methods, including Tully–Fisher, Cepheid variable, and Type Ia supernovae.
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2013-03-21
67.80±0.77
Planck Mission
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The ESA Planck Surveyor was launched in May 2009. Over a four-year period, it performed a significantly more detailed investigation of cosmic microwave radiation than earlier investigations using HEMT radiometers and bolometer technology to measure the CMB at a smaller scale than WMAP.
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2012-12-20
69.32±0.80
WMAP (9 years), combined with other measurements.
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2010
70.4+1.3 −1.4
WMAP (7 years), combined with other measurements.
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These values arise from fitting a combination of WMAP and other cosmological data to the simplest version of the ΛCDM model.
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2010
71.0±2.5
WMAP only (7 years).
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2009-02
70.5±1.3
WMAP (5 years), combined with other measurements.
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2009-02
71.9+2.6 −2.7
WMAP only (5 years)
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2007
70.4+1.5 −1.6
WMAP (3 years), combined with other measurements.
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2006-08
76.9+10.7 −8.7
Chandra X-ray Observatory
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Combined Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect and Chandra X-ray observations of galaxy clusters. Adjusted uncertainty in table from Planck Collaboration 2013.
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2001-05
72±8
Hubble Space Telescope Key Project
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This project established the most precise optical determination, consistent with a measurement of H0 based upon Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect observations of many galaxy clusters having a similar accuracy.
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after 1996
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before 1996
50–90 (est.)
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early 1970s
~55 (est.)
Allan Sandage and Gustav Tammann
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1958
75 (est.)
Allan Sandage
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This was the first good estimate of H0, but it would be decades before a consensus was achieved.
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1956
180
Humason, Mayall and Sandage
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1929
500
Edwin Hubble, Hooker telescope
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1927
625
Georges Lemaître
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First measurement and interpretation as a sign of the expansion of the universe
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Question: What values of the Hubble constant were found by the Planck Mission and the Hubble Space Telescope?
Answer: The Planck mission published in 2018 indicated a value of 67.66±0.42 and in 2019, a value of 74.03±1.42 has been determined using the Hubble Space Telescope.