Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Czech_language

During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language. However, Josef Jungmann and other revivalists used Dobrovský's book to advocate for a Czech linguistic revival. Changes during this time included spelling reform (notably, í in place of the former j and j in place of g), the use of t (rather than ti) to end infinitive verbs and the non-capitalization of nouns (which had been a late borrowing from German). These changes differentiated Czech from Slovak. Modern scholars disagree about whether the conservative revivalists were motivated by nationalism or considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal, widespread use.

Question: What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský?
Answer: linguist and historian

Question: What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech?
Answer: 1809

Question: What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as?
Answer: a major language

Question: What did Josef Jungmann advocate for?
Answer: a Czech linguistic revival

Question: Who disagree about whether the revivalists were motivated by nationalism or if they considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal use?
Answer: Modern scholars

Question: What was the title of the book released by Josef Jungmann?

Question: In what year did Josef Jungmann write his book?

Question: What had Josef Jungmann intended his book to be?

Question: Did Josef Jungmann think German would return as a major language?

Question: What kind of revival was called for by Josef Dobrovsky?
Czech_language

Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages. The five countries with the greatest use of Czech were the Czech Republic (98.77 percent), Slovakia (24.86 percent), Portugal (1.93 percent), Poland (0.98 percent) and Germany (0.47 percent).

Question: What is the official language of the Czech republic?
Answer: Czech

Question: How long has the Czech Republic been a member of the European Union?
Answer: since 2004

Question: What distinction does Czech have in Slovakia?
Answer: foreign language most often used

Question: Who collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages?
Answer: Jonathan van Parys

Question: Of the five countries with the greatest use of Czech, which country had the lowest percent of use?
Answer: Germany

Question: How long has Slovakia been a member of the EU?

Question: What group is German an official language of?

Question: What survey showed German as the foreign language used most often in Poland?

Question: What did the EU collect for the European Day of Languages in 2004?

Question: What percentage of people in Portugal speak German?
Czech_language

Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czech was reported as the most-common language spoken at home (besides English) in Valley, Butler and Saunders Counties, Nebraska and Republic County, Kansas. With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and ahead of Swedish).

Question: Czechs immigrated from Europe to the U.S. primary from 1848 to when?
Answer: 1914

Question: What kind of language is Czech in U.S. schools?
Answer: a Less Commonly Taught Language

Question: What states have large communities of Czech Americans?
Answer: Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin

Question: What is the most commonly spoken non-English language at homes nationwide in the U.S.?
Answer: Spanish

Question: How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009?
Answer: 70,500

Question: What kind of language is Swedish in US schools?

Question: What states have large communities of Swedish Americans?

Question: What was reported about Swedish in the 2009 US Census?

Question: How many Americans spoke Swedish in 2009?

Question: What place is Spanish as the language being spoken as a first language nationwide?
Czech_language

In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use was stigmatized, associated with the shrinking lower class and used in literature or other media for comedic effect. Increased travel and media availability to dialect-speaking populations has encouraged them to shift to (or add to their own dialect) standard Czech. Although Czech has received considerable scholarly interest for a Slavic language, this interest has focused primarily on modern standard Czech and ancient texts rather than dialects. Standard Czech is still the norm for politicians, businesspeople and other Czechs in formal situations, but Common Czech is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media.

Question: How many regional dialects does Czech have?
Answer: several

Question: Where are dialects of Czech commonly found?
Answer: rural areas

Question: What is dialect use associated with and thus stigmatized because of?
Answer: lower class

Question: What kind of scholarly interest has Czech received?
Answer: considerable

Question: What Czech dialect is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media?
Answer: Common

Question: What class was being a journalist associated with?

Question: What were parodies of journalists used for?

Question: What has increased among politicians and business people since 1990 so they are more well known locally?

Question: When did interest in studying ancient texts start to weaken?

Question: What group became more prominent in the 1990's when people wanted to hear the news of the day?
Czech_language

The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).

Question: What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as?
Answer: Moravian

Question: Where could citizens register "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak' as being their spoken language?
Answer: the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Question: Which of the Czech dialects is the only one distinguished in the nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office?
Answer: Moravian

Question: How many Czechs spoke Moravian as their first language as of 2011?
Answer: 62,908

Question: How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011?
Answer: 45,561

Question: How many Czech citizens spoke German as their first language in 2011?

Question: How many people spoke German and Hungarian as first languages in 2011?

Question: What is it called when you speak both German and Hungarian as your first language?

Question: What are the Czech dialects spoken in Germany known as?

Question: In the German Empire, what language could you register as speaking?
Czech_language

Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced to schwa sounds when unstressed. Each word usually has primary stress on its first syllable, except for enclitics (minor, monosyllabic, unstressed syllables). In all words of more than two syllables, every odd-numbered syllable receives secondary stress. Stress is unrelated to vowel length, and the possibility of stressed short vowels and unstressed long vowels can be confusing to students whose native language combines the features (such as English).

Question: How many basic vowel phonemes does Czech contain?
Answer: ten

Question: Where are three additional vowel phonemes found in Czech?
Answer: loanwords

Question: What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed?
Answer: schwa sounds

Question: What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech?
Answer: first syllable

Question: What is stress unrelated to in Czech?
Answer: vowel length

Question: How many basic vowel phonemes are in English?

Question: In English, where are three more phonemes found?

Question: What are exclusive to loanwords in English?

Question: What are vowel sounds not reduced to when unstressed in English?

Question: Where does each word usually have primary stress in English?
Czech_language

Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in Russian, but in Czech it is hudba. Some Czech words have been borrowed as loanwords into English and other languages—for example, robot (from robota, "labor") and polka (from polka, "Polish woman" or from "půlka" "half").

Question: In Czech, what are loanwords from other languages associated with?
Answer: high culture

Question: What word roots in the 19th century were rejected in favor of words with more common Slavic roots?
Answer: Greek and Latin

Question: How does one say the word "music" in Czech?
Answer: hudba

Question: What Czech word did the English "robot" derive from?
Answer: robota

Question: What is the meaning of the Czech word "robota"?
Answer: labor

Question: What were older Latin loanwords considered?

Question: What kind of culture are words borrowed from Russia associated with?

Question: What were words with Russian roots rejected for in the nineteenth century?

Question: What Russian word has the English robot been borrowed from?

Question: What language has used borrowed words from Russian?
Czech_language

Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot must contain a subject and object, a main form of a verb, an adverb or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions a, "and", i, "and even" or ale, "but").

Question: Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence?
Answer: grammatical case

Question: In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what?
Answer: a verb

Question: What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech?
Answer: information

Question: What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns?
Answer: Enclitics

Question: Where must enclitics appear in a sentence?
Answer: second syntactic slot

Question: What can an intransitive sentence consist only of in English?

Question: Where is information about a sentence subject in English?

Question: What is another word for word order?

Question: Where must enclitics appear in an English sentence?

Question: What appears before the enclitics in an English sentence?
Czech_language

Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed Paul" to "Paul was killed by Peter" the order of subject and object is inverted: Petr zabil Pavla ("Peter killed Paul") becomes "Paul, Peter killed" (Pavla zabil Petr). Pavla is in the accusative case, the grammatical object (in this case, the victim) of the verb.

Question: What is the sentence structure of Czech syntax?
Answer: subject–verb–object

Question: Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for?
Answer: topicalization and focus

Question: What kind of passive construction does Czech have?
Answer: periphrastic

Question: What happens to the subject and object to produce a passive voice in Czech?
Answer: inverted

Question: What case is the grammatical object of a verb?
Answer: accusative

Question: What sentence structure is used in Pavla?

Question: Is word order fixed or flexible in Pavla?

Question: What is word order used for in Pavla?

Question: What do colloquial word-order changes produce in Pavla sentences?

Question: What case is the grammatical verb object in Pavla?
Czech_language

In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive nouns and some types of movement. The remaining cases (instrumental, locative, vocative and dative) indicate semantic relationships, such as secondary objects, movement or position (dative case) and accompaniment (instrumental case). An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it describes. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:

Question: How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?
Answer: seven

Question: When are nouns in Czech inflected?
Answer: to indicate their use in a sentence

Question: How does Czech mark subject nouns?
Answer: with nominative case

Question: What nouns does Czech use the accusative case to mark?
Answer: object

Question: What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?
Answer: the noun it describes

Question: What age do children usually begin understanding grammatical cases?

Question: What happens to case numbers to indicate them in a sentence?

Question: What type of instrumental music do Czech children learn in school?

Question: What are three types of instrumental cases?

Question: What does a secondary object agree with?
Czech_language

Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives agree in gender and animacy (for masculine nouns in the accusative or genitive singular and the nominative plural) with the nouns they modify. The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made).

Question: How many genders does Czech distinguish?
Answer: three

Question: What categories is the masculine gender in Czech divided into?
Answer: animate and inanimate

Question: What do Czech adjectives agree with in the nouns they modify?
Answer: gender and animacy

Question: What is the main effect of gender in Czech?
Answer: difference in noun and adjective declension

Question: What does gender also affect in Czech?
Answer: past-tense verb endings

Question: What are the three adjective types in Czech?

Question: How is the feminine gender divided?

Question: What do Czech consonants usually describe?

Question: What is the main effect of consonants in Czech?

Question: What do consonants also affect in Czech?
Czech_language

Nouns are also inflected for number, distinguishing between singular and plural. Typical of a Slavic language, Czech cardinal numbers one through four allow the nouns and adjectives they modify to take any case, but numbers over five place these nouns and adjectives in the genitive case when the entire expression is in nominative or accusative case. The Czech koruna is an example of this feature; it is shown here as the subject of a hypothetical sentence, and declined as genitive for numbers five and up.

Question: What are inflected for number in Czech?
Answer: Nouns

Question: What are the cardinal numbers one through four in Czech allowed to take?
Answer: any case

Question: What case are numbers over five in?
Answer: genitive

Question: When is the genitive case used?
Answer: when the entire expression is in nominative or accusative case

Question: What is Czech's handling of cardinal numbers typical of?
Answer: a Slavic language

Question: What is the way hypothetical sentences handle adjectives typical of?

Question: In what case do hypothetical sentences place numbers?

Question: What are adjectives inflected for in Czech?

Question: What two terms distinguish between hypothetical sentences in Czech?

Question: When is the hypothetical sentence used?
Czech_language

Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, koupit (perfective) and kupovat (imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperfective verbs it is ongoing. This is distinct from past and present tense, and any Czech verb of either aspect can be conjugated into any of its three tenses. Aspect describes the state of the action at the time specified by the tense.

Question: What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs?
Answer: marks

Question: What two grammatical aspects can verbs in Czech have?
Answer: perfective and imperfective

Question: In perfective verbs, what state is the action the verb describes in?
Answer: completed

Question: In which verbs in Czech is the action the verb describes still ongoing?
Answer: imperfective

Question: What describes the state of the action of the verb at the time specified by its tense?
Answer: Aspect

Question: What two types of time measurement are there?

Question: What are time measurements part of?

Question: When tense is specified what happens to the action?

Question: How many main Slavic Languages are there?

Question: What is similar about three tenses in Czech?
Czech_language

The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix. In prefix pairs, the perfective verb has an added prefix—for example, the imperfective psát (to write, to be writing) compared with the perfective napsat (to write down, to finish writing). The most common prefixes are na-, o-, po-, s-, u-, vy-, z- and za-. In suffix pairs, a different infinitive ending is added to the perfective stem; for example, the perfective verbs koupit (to buy) and prodat (to sell) have the imperfective forms kupovat and prodávat. Imperfective verbs may undergo further morphology to make other imperfective verbs (iterative and frequentative forms), denoting repeated or regular action. The verb jít (to go) has the iterative form chodit (to go repeatedly) and the frequentative form chodívat (to go regularly).

Question: How many ways can a verb in an aspect pair differ?
Answer: two ways

Question: What does a perfective verb have added in prefix pairs?
Answer: an added prefix

Question: What is added to the ending in suffix pairs?
Answer: different infinitive ending

Question: What can imperfective verb undergo to make other imperfective verbs?
Answer: further morphology

Question: What type of action can second level morphed imperfective verbs denote?
Answer: repeated or regular action

Question: What are the most common suffixes?

Question: What is added to the perfective stem in a prefix pair?

Question: What might prefixes have happen to make other imperfective verbs?

Question: What kind of action can morphed prefixes be a sign of?

Question: In what two ways are perfective stems different?
Czech_language

The infinitive form ends in t (archaically, ti). It is the form found in dictionaries and the form that follows auxiliary verbs (for example, můžu tě slyšet—"I can hear you"). Czech verbs have three grammatical moods: indicative, imperative and conditional. The imperative mood adds specific endings for each of three person (or number) categories: -Ø/-i/-ej for second-person singular, -te/-ete/-ejte for second-person plural and -me/-eme/-ejme for first-person plural. The conditional mood is formed with a particle after the past-tense verb. This mood indicates possible events, expressed in English as "I would" or "I wish".

Question: What verb form is found in Czech dictionaries?
Answer: infinitive

Question: How many grammatical moods do Czech verbs have?
Answer: three

Question: What are the grammatical moods of Czech verbs?
Answer: indicative, imperative and conditional

Question: What mood adds specific endings for each of three person or number categories?
Answer: imperative

Question: Which Czech verb mood indicates possible events?
Answer: conditional

Question: What three grammatical moods are there in English?

Question: What verb form is found in English dictionaries?

Question: How many grammatical moods do English verbs have?

Question: What kind of endings does the conditional mood add for each category in English?

Question: The imperative mood is formed with a particle after what in English?
Czech_language

Czech has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages. Its thirty-one graphemes represent thirty sounds (in most dialects, i and y have the same sound), and it contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet. As a result, some of its characters have been used by phonologists to denote corresponding sounds in other languages. The characters q, w and x appear only in foreign words. The háček (ˇ) is used with certain letters to form new characters: š, ž, and č, as well as ň, ě, ř, ť, and ď (the latter five uncommon outside Czech). The last two letters are sometimes written with a comma above (ʼ, an abbreviated háček) because of their height. The character ó exists only in loanwords and onomatopoeia.

Question: What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages?
Answer: Czech

Question: How many graphemes does Czech have?
Answer: thirty-one

Question: What have some of Czech's characters been used for by phonologists to denote?
Answer: corresponding sounds in other languages

Question: What character in Czech only exists in loanwords?
Answer: ó

Question: In Czech, what type of words do the characters "q", "w" and "x" exclusively appear in?
Answer: foreign

Question: What character is only used in other European languages?

Question: What do loanwords have more than other European languages?

Question: What letters are common in loanwords?

Question: How many graphemes are there in loanwords?

Question: How many sounds are there in foreign words?
Czech_language

Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most Latin European languages, including English. Proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations are capitalized, and punctuation is typical of other Latin European languages. Writing of ordinal numerals is similar to most European languages. The Czech language uses a decimal comma instead of a decimal point. When writing a long number, spaces between every three numbers (e.g. between hundreds and thousands) may be used for better orientation in handwritten texts, but not in decimal places, like in English. The number 1,234,567.8910 may be written as 1234567,8910 or 1 234 567,8910. Ordinal numbers (1st) use a point as in German (1.). In proper noun phrases (except personal names), only the first word is capitalized (Pražský hrad, Prague Castle).

Question: What do Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics tend to resemble?
Answer: those of most Latin European languages

Question: In Czech, what is done to proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations?
Answer: capitalized

Question: What is typical in Czech as other Latin European languages?
Answer: punctuation

Question: What language does Czech share its handling of ordinal format with?
Answer: German

Question: What word is capitalized in proper noun phrases in Czech?
Answer: only the first

Question: What does English use instead of a decimal point?

Question: What can be used in Latin when writing noun phrases?

Question: What word is capitalized in phonetics in Latin?

Question: What can always be used in decimal places in Latin?

Question: Latin uses a decimal comma instead of what?
Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.

Question: What makes up Education?
Answer: knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits

Question: What methods make up Education?
Answer: storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research

Question: Where does education usually take place under?
Answer: the guidance of educators

Question: What does not make up education?

Question:  What methods do not make up Education?

Question: Where does education never take place under?

Question: What only happens in a formal setting?

Question: What only happens in an informal setting?
Education

After the Fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the sole preserver of literate scholarship in Western Europe. The church established cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education. Some of these establishments ultimately evolved into medieval universities and forebears of many of Europe's modern universities. During the High Middle Ages, Chartres Cathedral operated the famous and influential Chartres Cathedral School. The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of inquiry, and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation, and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research. Founded in 1088, the University of Bologne is considered the first, and the oldest continually operating university.

Question: What occurred after the Fall of Rome with literature?
Answer: Catholic Church became the sole preserver

Question: What happened with education  during the Early Middle Ages?
Answer: church established cathedral schools

Question: What did these early schools during the Middle Ages evolve into?
Answer: medieval universities

Question: What was the name of the famous school during the high middle ages?
Answer: Chartres Cathedral School

Question: What occurred before the Fall of Rome with literature?

Question:  What happened with education during the Late Middle Ages?

Question:  What did these early schools during the Middle Ages evolve from?

Question: What was the name of the famous school during the low middle ages?

Question: What was founded in 1089?
Education

Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices in that system. Such choices include curriculum, organizational models, design of the physical learning spaces (e.g. classrooms), student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size, educational activities, and more.

Question: Where does formal education take place?
Answer: school environment

Question: What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow?
Answer: student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size,

Question: Who guides the students in a formal environment?
Answer: certified teacher

Question:  Where does informal education take place?

Question: What is the implicit purpose of a structured environment?

Question: What system is not designed around values and ideals?

Question: What doesn't guide students in formal environments?

Question: Who guides the students in an informal environment?
Education

Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them."

Question: Whats the typical age range for pre-school?
Answer: three to seven

Question: What are pre-schools also known as?
Answer: nursery schools and as kindergarten,

Question: In what country is Kindergarten a term used for primary education?
Answer: US

Question: Whats the atypical age range for pre-school?

Question:  What are pre-schools not known as?

Question:  In what country is kindergarten not a term used for primary education?

Question: What ages are not included in Kindergarten?

Question: What facets are not included in education?
Education

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.

Question: What is another term used for Primary education?
Answer: elementary

Question: What does primary school consist of?
Answer: first five to seven years of formal, structured education

Question: What is the name of the orgination who is striving to get all the countries on the same path with primary education?
Answer: UNESCO

Question: What is not another term used for Primary education?

Question: What is not another term for elementary?

Question: What education is the first 4 years of formal education?

Question: What happened in 2014?

Question: What occurs at age 10?
Education

Secondary education in the United States did not emerge until 1910, with the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories, which required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved beneficial for both employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees received a higher wages.

Question: When did secondary education emerge in the United States?
Answer: 1910

Question: Why was secondary school introduced in the U.S?
Answer: rise of large corporations and advancing technology

Question: Who benefited from secondary schools?
Answer: employers and employees

Question: What emerged in 1912?

Question:  Why wasn't secondary school introduced in the U.S?

Question:  Who didn't benefit from secondary schools?

Question: Why were high schools not created?
Education

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities mainly provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Individuals who complete tertiary education generally receive certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

Question: What was another name used for Higher Education?
Answer: tertiary, third stage, or postsecondary education

Question: What is High Education?
Answer: follows the completion of a school such as a high school

Question: What does Tertiary education include?
Answer: undergraduate and postgraduate education

Question: What is another name for the fourth stage of education?

Question: What is another name for the first stage of education?

Question: What is another name for the second stage of education?

Question: What does Tertiary education not include?

Question: People do not receive certificates from what level of education?
Education

University education includes teaching, research, and social services activities, and it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Universities are generally composed of several colleges. In the United States, universities can be private and independent like Yale University; public and state-governed like the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education; or independent but state-funded like the University of Virginia. A number of career specific courses are now available to students through the Internet.

Question: What does University education include?
Answer: teaching, research, and social services activities,

Question: What are usually Universities made up of?
Answer: several colleges

Question: What type of University would Yale fall under?
Answer: independent

Question: What does University education not include?

Question:  What are usually Universities not made up of?

Question:  What type of University is Yale not considered?

Question: What type of school is the Pennsylvania State System not considered?

Question: What is not an alternative to in-school learning?
Education

In the past, those who were disabled were often not eligible for public education. Children with disabilities were repeatedly denied an education by physicians or special tutors. These early physicians (people like Itard, Seguin, Howe, Gallaudet) set the foundation for special education today. They focused on individualized instruction and functional skills. In its early years, special education was only provided to people with severe disabilities, but more recently it has been opened to anyone who has experienced difficulty learning.

Question: What was a rule for disabled people in the past for education?
Answer: not eligible for public education

Question: Who denied children with disabilities to be unable to attend a public school?
Answer: physicians or special tutors

Question: Who were some of these early physicians?
Answer: Itard, Seguin, Howe, Gallaudet

Question: What would Special Education usually only apply to in the early years of schooling in the U.S?
Answer: people with severe disabilities

Question: What was a rule for non-disabled people in the past for education?

Question: Who didn't deny children with disabilities to be unable to attend a public school?

Question: Who were some of these modern physicians?

Question: Who does modern special education exclude?
Education

While considered "alternative" today, most alternative systems have existed since ancient times. After the public school system was widely developed beginning in the 19th century, some parents found reasons to be discontented with the new system. Alternative education developed in part as a reaction to perceived limitations and failings of traditional education. A broad range of educational approaches emerged, including alternative schools, self learning, homeschooling and unschooling. Example alternative schools include Montessori schools, Waldorf schools (or Steiner schools), Friends schools, Sands School, Summerhill School, The Peepal Grove School, Sudbury Valley School, Krishnamurti schools, and open classroom schools. Charter schools are another example of alternative education, which have in the recent years grown in numbers in the US and gained greater importance in its public education system.

Question: What is another term used for Special Education Services?
Answer: alternative

Question: When were public schools become more and more developed?
Answer: 19th century

Question: What are some examples of alternative schools?
Answer: Montessori schools, Waldorf schools (or Steiner schools), Friends schools

Question: What is not another term used for Special Education Services?

Question:  What aren't some examples of alternative schools?

Question: A charter school is not considered what type of school?

Question: What hasn't gained importance in public education?
Education

In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich.

Question: Whos educatgion approach was introduced in Germany in the 19th century and is used in most Kindergartens?
Answer: Friedrich Fröbel's

Question: Who from Switzerland was an influential in education?
Answer: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

Question: Who were the founders of progressive education?
Answer: John Dewey and Francis Parker

Question: What happened in Germany in the 18th century?

Question: When was Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi born?

Question: When did Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi die?

Question: Who is not an American transcendentalist?

Question: Who was the founder of non-progressive education?
Education

Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and language through the processes of colonialism. Furthermore, it can enable indigenous communities to "reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures, and in so doing, improve the educational success of indigenous students."

Question: What makes up Indigenous education?
Answer: indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content

Question: In which two systems can Indigenous education be used?
Answer: formal and non-formal educational systems

Question: What is one of the main purposes for Indigenous education?
Answer: improve the educational success of indigenous students

Question: What does not make up Indigenous education?

Question: What education is only a formal educational system?

Question:  What is not a main purposes for Indigenous education?

Question: What do indigenous communites not do in education?
Education

Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs.

Question: Who defines informal learning?
Answer: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Question: Where does informal learning occur?
Answer: home, work, and through daily interactions

Question: What does informal leaning usually consist of amongst people who take this route of learning?
Answer: language acquisition, cultural norms and manners

Question: Who does not define informal learning?

Question:  Where does formal learning occur?

Question: When doesn't informal learning occur?

Question: What does informal learning not teach?

Question: Where do young people not get informal education?
Education

Informal learning usually takes place outside educational establishments, does not follow a specified curriculum and may originate accidentally, sporadically, in association with certain occasions, from changing practical requirements. It is not necessarily planned to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and according to subjects, but rather unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management and fitness for life. It is experienced directly in its "natural" function of everyday life and is often spontaneous.

Question: Where does informal learning usually take place?
Answer: outside educational establishments

Question: What is not necessary for informal learning?
Answer: to be pedagogically conscious, systematic and according to subjects

Question: What falls under the informal learning umbrella?
Answer: unconsciously incidental, holistically problem-related, and related to situation management

Question: Where does informal learning not usually take place?

Question:  What is necessary for informal learning?

Question: What falls under the formal learning umbrella?

Question: What is experienced directly in unnatural function of every day life?

Question: What is not a spontaneous type of learning?
Education

The concept of 'education through recreation' was applied to childhood development in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L.P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreation: "A master in the art of living draws no sharp distinction between his work and his play, his labour and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and his recreation. He hardly knows which is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence through whatever he is doing and leaves others to determine whether he is working or playing. To himself he always seems to be doing both. Enough for him that he does it well." Education through recreation is the opportunity to learn in a seamless fashion through all of life's activities. The concept has been revived by the University of Western Ontario to teach anatomy to medical students.

Question: When was the 'education through recreation" applied to childhood?
Answer: 19th century

Question: When was the concept of 'education through recreation' changed and expanded?
Answer: 20th century

Question: What changed when the concept was broadened?
Answer: to include young adults

Question: When was the 'education through recreation" applied to adulthood?

Question: What happened in the 18th century?

Question: What happened in the 21st century?

Question:  What did not change when the concept was broadened?

Question: Who said  "A master in the art of living draws very sharp distinction between his work and his play"
Education

Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) is a contemplative, absorbing process, of "learning on your own" or "by yourself", or as a self-teacher. Some autodidacts spend a great deal of time reviewing the resources of libraries and educational websites. One may become an autodidact at nearly any point in one's life. While some may have been informed in a conventional manner in a particular field, they may choose to inform themselves in other, often unrelated areas. Notable autodidacts include Abraham Lincoln (U.S. president), Srinivasa Ramanujan (mathematician), Michael Faraday (chemist and physicist), Charles Darwin (naturalist), Thomas Alva Edison (inventor), Tadao Ando (architect), George Bernard Shaw (playwright), Frank Zappa (composer, recording engineer, film director), and Leonardo da Vinci (engineer, scientist, mathematician).

Question: What does Auto didacticism generally mean?
Answer: learning on your own

Question: When can you become an Autodidact?
Answer: any point in one's life

Question: Which famous U.S president was a Autodidact?
Answer: Abraham Lincoln

Question: Which famous inventor was a Autodidact?
Answer: Thomas Alva Edison

Question: What is a non-contemplative, absorbing process?

Question: When can you not become an Autodidact?

Question:  Which U.S president was not an Autodidact?

Question:  Which famous inventor was not an Autodidact?

Question: What engineer was not an autodidact?
Education

In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods. Cost of education has been an issue throughout history, and a major political issue in most countries today. Online courses often can be more expensive than face-to-face classes. Out of 182 colleges surveyed in 2009 nearly half said tuition for online courses was higher than for campus based ones. Many large university institutions are now starting to offer free or almost free full courses such as Harvard, MIT and Berkeley teaming up to form edX. Other universities offering open education are Stanford, Princeton, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Edinburgh, U. Penn, U. Michigan, U. Virginia, U. Washington, and Caltech. It has been called the biggest change in the way we learn since the printing press. Despite favorable studies on effectiveness, many people may still desire to choose traditional campus education for social and cultural reasons.

Question: In what year did e-learning jump 14 times over traditional leaning?
Answer: 2012

Question: Which form of education looks to be the dominant form i the coming years?
Answer: Open education

Question: What has been a constant issue with education for as long as education has been around itself?
Answer: Cost of education

Question: Which type of schooling can be most expensive?
Answer: Online courses

Question: What happened in 2011?

Question: What grew at 10 times the rate of traditional learning?

Question: What is slow to become the dominant form of education?

Question: What did surveys show in 2008?

Question: What schools do not offer free education?