Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Pope_Paul_VI

The Mass of Paul VI was also in Latin but approval was given for the use of vernacular languages. There had been other instructions issued by the Pope in 1964, 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970 which centered on the reform of all liturgies of the Roman Church. These major reforms were not welcomed by all and in all countries. The sudden apparent "outlawing" of the 400-year-old Mass, the last typical edition of which being promulgated only a few years earlier in 1962 by Paul's predecessor, Pope John XXIII, was not always explained well. Further experimentation with the new Mass by liturgists, such as the usage of pop/folk music (as opposed to the Gregorian Chant advocated by Pope Pius X), along with concurrent changes in the order of sanctuaries, was viewed by some as vandalism. In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI clarified that the 1962 Mass of John XXIII and the 1970 Mass of Paul VI are two forms of the same Roman Rite, the first, which had never been "juridically abrogated", now being an "extraordinary form of the Roman Rite", while the other "obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy".

Question: What type of language did Paul Vi's reforms approve for use in the Catholic mass?
Answer: vernacular

Question: How old was the mass reformed by Paul VI?
Answer: 400-year

Question: What type of music was used in traditional mass?
Answer: Gregorian Chant

Question: Who unified two previous popes views of the Roman Catholic Mass?
Answer: Pope Benedict XVI

Question: In what year were the various versions of the Catholic mass finally synthesized? 
Answer: 2007
Pope_Paul_VI

In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, which he had established in 1982. In 1971, Paul VI created a papal office for economic development and catastrophic assistance. To foster common bonds with all persons of good will, he decreed an annual peace day to be celebrated on January first of every year. Trying to improve the condition of Christians behind the Iron Curtain, Paul VI engaged in dialogue with Communist authorities at several levels, receiving Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Podgorny in 1966 and 1967 in the Vatican. The situation of the Church in Hungary, Poland and Romania, improved during his pontificate.

Question: Who established the Pontifical Council for Culture?
Answer: Pope John Paul II

Question: What organization did Paul VI create to address non believers by the church?
Answer: Secretariat for non-Christians

Question: What was the Secretariat for non-believers eventually renamed?
Answer: Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue

Question: What Prime Minister did Paul VI attempt to interact with in order to help Catholics in Communist countries?
Answer: Andrei Gromyko

Question: What is celebrated by the Catholic church on January 1 of every year?
Answer: peace day
Pope_Paul_VI

In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality. Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana: Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics, which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex, condemned homosexuality, and forbade masturbation. It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte, in an interview published by the magazine Tempo, to accuse Montini of hypocrisy, and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor. According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society, this was Paolo Carlini, who had a bit part as a hairdresser in the Audrey Hepburn film Roman Holiday. Peyrefitte had previously published the accusation in two books, but the interview (previously published in a French gay magazine) brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar. In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18, Montini called the charges "horrible and slanderous insinuations" and appealed for prayers on his behalf. Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in "a day of consolation". In 1984 a New York Times correspondent repeated the allegations.

Question: In what year was pre and extra marital sex outlawed by the Catholic church?
Answer: 1976

Question: Who was accused of being a homosexual in 1976?
Answer: Montini

Question: Who brought allegations of Montini's homosexuality?
Answer: Roger Peyrefitte

Question: Who was Montini's alleged lover?
Answer: Paolo Carlini

Question: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality?
Answer: April 18
Pope_Paul_VI

Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope". With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, he visited Fátima in Portugal. He undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November 1970 he was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus.

Question: How many continents did Paul Vi visit as pope?
Answer: six

Question: What was Paul Vi's nickname during his papacy?
Answer: the Pilgrim Pope

Question: In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land?
Answer: 1964

Question: In what country was an assignation attempt made on the life of Paul VI?
Answer: Manila

Question: Who organized Paul Vi's visit to Manila?
Answer: Msgr. Paul Marcinkus
Pope_Paul_VI

Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations. As a gesture of goodwill, the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry, a diamond cross and ring, with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN's efforts to end human suffering. During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN:

Question: What group did Paul VI address in New York in 1965?
Answer: United Nations

Question: Who was the first pope to visit the United States?
Answer: Pope Paul VI

Question: To whom did Paul VI give a diamond cross and ring in hopes it would raise funds to help people globally?
Answer: United Nations

Question: What did Paul VI ask the UN to promote during the Vietnam war?
Answer: peace

Question: What US president was in office when Paul VI visited America for the first time?
Answer: President Johnson
Pope_Paul_VI

Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had been formulated first by Pius XI and Pius XII but decreed by Vatican II. The pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes stated that the Catholic Church is not bound to any form of government and willing to cooperate with all forms. The Church maintained its right to select bishops on its own without any interference by the State.

Question: What number doubled during Paul Vi's papacy?
Answer: foreign embassies

Question: Who did Paul Vi want to maintain a continuing dialogue with?
Answer: nations

Question: What document states that the Catholic church is not subject to any particlar government?
Answer: Gaudium et spes

Question: Who did the church retain the right to elect without interference from the state in its constitutional document?
Answer: bishops

Question: What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?
Answer: Vatican II
Pope_Paul_VI

Ecclesiam suam was given at St. Peter's, Rome, on the Feast of the Transfiguration, 6 August 1964, the second year of his Pontificate. It is considered an important document, identifying the Catholic Church with the Body of Christ. A later Council document Lumen Gentium stated that the Church subsists in the Body of Christ, raising questions as to the difference between "is" and "subsists in". Paul VI appealed to "all people of good will" and discussed necessary dialogues within the Church and between the Churches and with atheism.

Question: What catholic document compares the Catholic church to the body of Christ?
Answer: Ecclesiam suam

Question: What document declares that the Roman Catholic church lives within the body of Christ?
Answer: Lumen Gentium

Question: What was being celebrated in the Catholic calendar when the Eccelsiam suam was given in 1964?
Answer: Feast of the Transfiguration

Question: On what date is the Feat of Transfiguration celebrated?
Answer: 6 August

Question: In what city  is the cathedral of St Peter's  located?
Answer: Rome
Pope_Paul_VI

Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for "Of the celibate priesthood"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.

Question: What is considered an ideal state for priests in the Catholic church?
Answer: Celibacy

Question: What is seen as symbolizing the reality of living in the modern world as Roman Catholic priest?
Answer: Celibacy

Question: What document  of 1967 promotes the church's stance of celibacy in the priesthood?
Answer: Sacerdotalis caelibatus

Question: What type of law locked down the Catholic church's stance on celibacy in the priesthood?
Answer: Canon

Question: In what year was Canon Law issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood?
Answer: 1983
Pope_Paul_VI

Of his eight encyclicals, Pope Paul VI is best known for his encyclical Humanae vitae (Of Human Life, subtitled On the Regulation of Birth), published on 25 July 1968. In this encyclical he reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view of marriage and marital relations and a continued condemnation of artificial birth control. There were two Papal committees and numerous independent experts looking into the latest advancement of science and medicine on the question of artificial birth control. which were noted by the Pope in his encyclical The expressed views of Paul VI reflected the teachings of his predecessors, especially Pius XI, Pius XII and John XXIII and never changed, as he repeatedly stated them in the first few years of his Pontificate

Question: Which one of Paul Vi's encyclicals best known in Catholic history?
Answer: Humanae vitae

Question: What did Paul VI's Humanae Vitae condemn?
Answer: artificial birth control

Question: What type of birth control is condemned by the Catholic church?
Answer: artificial

Question: How many encyclicals did Paul VI publish?
Answer: eight

Question: What does Humanae Vitae mean?
Answer: Of Human Life
Pope_Paul_VI

To the pope as to all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae vitae that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator. This divine partnership, according to Paul VI, does not allow for arbitrary human decisions, which may limit divine providence. The Pope does not paint an overly romantic picture of marriage: marital relations are a source of great joy, but also of difficulties and hardships. The question of human procreation exceeds in the view of Paul VI specific disciplines such as biology, psychology, demography or sociology. The reason for this, according to Paul VI, is that married love takes its origin from God, who "is love". From this basic dignity, he defines his position:

Question: According to Paul VI  to whom are a  man and woman in union with besides each other?
Answer: God

Question: What does God contribute to a married couple's child?
Answer: soul

Question: Who is considered to be love?
Answer: God

Question: From whom is married love generated?
Answer: God

Question: What type of relations did Paul VI's Humanae VItae discuss?
Answer: marital
Pope_Paul_VI

The reaction to the encyclical's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed. In Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, the encyclical was welcomed. In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical. As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group that countries permitting birth control practices would get preferential access to resources, doctors in La Paz, Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation. In Colombia, Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared, if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings, we prefer not to receive one cent. The Senate of Bolivia passed a resolution stating that Humanae vitae could be discussed in its implications for individual consciences, but was of greatest significance because the papal document defended the rights of developing nations to determine their own population policies. The Jesuit Journal Sic dedicated one edition to the encyclical with supportive contributions.

Question: Who was president of the World Bank in 1968?
Answer: Robert McNamara

Question: What were developing countries encouraged to allow access to by the World Bank?
Answer: birth control

Question: In what country did doctors call the World Bank's offer of resources in exchange for liberal birth control policies "insulting"?
Answer: Bolivia

Question: Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?
Answer: Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque

Question: What country did Cardinal archbishop Anlbal Munoz Duque represent?
Answer: Colombia
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI was concerned but not surprised by the negative reaction in Western Europe and the United States. He fully anticipated this reaction to be a temporary one: "Don't be afraid", he reportedly told Edouard Gagnon on the eve of the encyclical, "in twenty years time they'll call me a prophet." His biography on the Vatican's website notes of his reaffirmations of priestly celibacy and the traditional teaching on contraception that "[t]he controversies over these two pronouncements tended to overshadow the last years of his pontificate". Pope John Paul II later reaffirmed and expanded upon Humanae vitae with the encyclical Evangelium vitae.

Question: To whom did Paul VI tell "not to be afraid" when the church released its statement on birth control?
Answer: Edouard Gagnon

Question: What did Paul VI declare he would be seen as in 25 years?
Answer: prophet

Question: To which pope can the Evangelium Vitae be attributed to?
Answer: Pope John Paul II

Question: Which pope affirmed Paul VI Humanae Vitae?
Answer: Pope John Paul II

Question: To what did Western Europe and the United States demonstrate a negative response?
Answer: the encyclical
Pope_Paul_VI

After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope in Rome, who welcomed such visits. But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism. To those who are entrusted the highest and deepest truth and therefore, so Paul VI, believed that he had the most difficult part to communicate. Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart. Paul VI, like Pius XII before him, was reluctant to give in on a lowest possible point. And yet, Paul felt compelled to admit his ardent Gospel-based desire to be everything to everybody and to help all people Being the successor of Peter, he felt the words of Christ, "Do you love me more" like a sharp knife penetrating to the marrow of his soul. These words meant to Paul VI love without limits, and they underscore the Church's fundamental approach to ecumenism.

Question: In what city did the pope encourage visits from Catholics from other countries?
Answer: Rome

Question: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?
Answer: two

Question: In Paul VI's view what does the Catholic ecumenical dialogue require from someone?
Answer: whole person

Question: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?
Answer: whole

Question: To what historical figure can the words "Do you love me more" be attributed?
Answer: Christ
Pope_Paul_VI

This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople. It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul. The declaration did not end the schism, but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches. In May 1973, the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican, where he met three times with Pope Paul VI. A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches.

Question: What statement addressed the relationship of Italy to Greece in the Catholic church?
Answer: Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965

Question: In what year was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?
Answer: 1965

Question: In what city was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?
Answer: Rome

Question: Who visited the Vatican in May of 1973 in an effort to negotiate Orthodox and Catholic relations?
Answer: Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III

Question: How many times did Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III meet with Paul VI in 1973?
Answer: three
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI was the first pope to receive an Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Michael Ramsey in official audience as Head of Church, after the private audience visit of Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher to Pope John XXIII on 2 December 1960. Ramsey met Paul three times during his visit and opened the Anglican Centre in Rome to increase their mutual knowledge. He praised Paul VI[e] and his contributions in the service of unity. Paul replied that "by entering into our house, you are entering your own house, we are happy to open our door and heart to you." The two Church leaders signed a common declaration, which put an end to the disputes of the past and outlined a common agenda for the future.

Question: Who was the first pope to meet with an Anglican Archbishop as an official Head of Church since 1960?
Answer: Paul VI

Question: Who was Archbishop of Canterbury during Paul VI papacy?
Answer: Michael Ramsey

Question: How many times did Archbishop Ramsey meet with Paul VI?
Answer: three

Question: What center did Archbishop Ramsey open in Rome to improve Anglican and Catholic relations?
Answer: Anglican Centre

Question: In what Italian center was the Anglican center opened in by Archbishop Ramsey?
Answer: Rome
Pope_Paul_VI

Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it." Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.

Question: What did the Cardinal Augustin Bea's Secretariat promote?
Answer: Christian Unity

Question: What group condemned mixed faith marriages?
Answer: Congregation of Faith

Question: To what type of non Catholic denomination was Paul VI considered to be a great ally of?
Answer: Anglican

Question: Which church did Paul VI call "our beloved sister church"?
Answer: Anglican Church

Question: Who described the Anglican church as "our beloved sister Church"?
Answer: Paul VI
Pope_Paul_VI

In 1965, Paul VI decided on the creation of a joint working group with the World Council of Churches to map all possible avenues of dialogue and cooperation. In the following three years, eight sessions were held which resulted in many joint proposals. It was proposed to work closely together in areas of social justice and development and Third World Issues such as hunger and poverty. On the religious side, it was agreed to share together in the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, to be held every year. The joint working group was to prepare texts which were to be used by all Christians. On 19 July 1968, the meeting of the World Council of Churches took place in Uppsala, Sweden, which Pope Paul called a sign of the times. He sent his blessing in an ecumenical manner: "May the Lord bless everything you do for the case of Christian Unity." The World Council of Churches decided on including Catholic theologians in its committees, provided they have the backing of the Vatican.

Question: In what year was a group created to work with the World Council of Churches to increase dialogue between Catholic Christians and other Christian denominations?
Answer: 1965

Question: In what year did the World Council of Churches meet in Uppsala, Sweden?
Answer: 1968

Question: What type of theologians did the World Council of Churches decide to include in their committees?
Answer: Catholic

Question: In what country did the World Council of Churches meet in 1968?
Answer: Sweden

Question: Whose backing did the World Council of Churches require Catholic theologians serving on joint committees to have?
Answer: Vatican
Pope_Paul_VI

The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.

Question: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland?
Answer: Lutherans

Question: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church?
Answer: 1965

Question: In what year did the Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Lutheran church?
Answer: 1964

Question: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation?
Answer: Fredrik A. Schiotz

Question: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?
Answer: God
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, "as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour." He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.

Question: Who was Paul VI in favor of cooperating with in the translation of the bible?
Answer: Protestant Bible societies

Question: Who asked Paul VI for permission to cooperate with Protestants to translate the bible?
Answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea

Question: In what year did Paul VI officially declare his support of a cross faith translation of the bible?
Answer: 1967

Question: What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with?
Answer: Protestants
Pope_Paul_VI

The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]

Question: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?
Answer: three

Question: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?
Answer: Joseph Ratzinger

Question: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?
Answer: Karol Wojtyła

Question: In what year did Paul VI die?
Answer: 1978

Question: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?
Answer: John Paul I
Pope_Paul_VI

Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier. Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours. In the evening he watched a Western on TV, happy only when he saw "horses, the most beautiful animals that God had created." He had breathing problems and needed oxygen. On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus. He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed, his temperature rising.

Question: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?
Answer: Castel Gandolfo

Question: What was considered to be the papal summer residence?
Answer: Castel Gandolfo

Question: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?
Answer: Sandro Pertini

Question: For how long did an ailing Paul VI meet with Sandro Pertini in 1978?
Answer: two hours

Question: What animals did Paul VI consider to be "the most beautiful animals God ever created"?
Answer: horses
Pope_Paul_VI

On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.

Question: In what year was Paul VI beautified?
Answer: 2014

Question: On what day was Paul VI born?
Answer: 26 September

Question: Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?
Answer: Paul VI

Question: On what day was the beautification ceremony performed for Paul VI?
Answer: 19 October

Question: What was attributed to Paul VI and officially approved on May 9, 2014?
Answer: A miracle
Pope_Paul_VI

In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.

Question: According to the Vatican who could the healing of an unborn child be attributed to in the 1990's?
Answer: pontiff

Question: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?
Answer: Pope Francis

Question: What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle?
Answer: Congregation for the Causes of Saints

Question: What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood?
Answer: beatification
Pope_Paul_VI

On 24 April 2014, it was reported in the Italian magazine Credere that the late pope could possibly be beatified on 19 October 2014. This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved, and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints held that meeting and positively concluded that the healing was indeed a miracle that could be attributed to the late pope. The matter shall now soon be presented to the pope for approval.

Question: What magazine broke the story of Paul VI pending saint hood?
Answer: Credere

Question: What type of miracle was attributed to Pope Paul VI?
Answer: healing

Question: What group declared the healing a miracle by Paul VI?
Answer: The Congregation for the Causes of Saints

Question: Who needed to approve the Congregation for the Causes of Saints conclusion that Paul VI performed a miracle?
Answer: pope

Question: Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?
Answer: Pope Francis
Pope_Paul_VI

On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."

Question: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?
Answer: Holocaust

Question: Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?
Answer: Pius XII

Question: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?
Answer: reform

Question: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae? 
Answer: tenth

Question: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?
Answer: John XXIII
Pope_Paul_VI

Unlike his predecessors and successors, Paul VI refused to excommunicate the opponents. He admonished but did not punish those with other views. The new theological freedoms which he fostered resulted in a pluralism of opinions and uncertainties among the faithful. New demands were voiced, which were taboo at the Council, the reintegration of divorced Catholics, the sacramental character of the confession, and the role of women in the Church and its ministries. Conservatives complained, that "women wanted to be priests, priests wanted to get married, bishops became regional popes and theologians claimed absolute teaching authority. Protestants claimed equality, homosexuals and divorced called for full acceptance." Changes such as the reorientation of the liturgy, alterations to the ordinary of the Mass, alterations to the liturgical calendar in the motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis, and the relocation of the tabernacle were controversial among some Catholics.

Question: Who did Paul VI refuse to excommunicate?
Answer: opponents

Question: What did many other Catholics and Christians consider Paul VI reforms to be?
Answer: controversial

Question: To what can the dissent among Catholics be attributed to during Paul VI's papacy?
Answer: theological freedoms

Question: What was the reintroduction of divorced Catholics into the church considered to be by the Council?
Answer: taboo
Pope_Paul_VI

Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.

Question: How many Synod of Bishops took place during Paul VI's papacy?
Answer: five

Question: What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?
Answer: National Bishop Conferences

Question: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?
Answer: Communism

Question: The Council, under Paul VI, decided whom could make decisions independently of Rome?
Answer: Bishops

Question: How many of his bishop's decisions did Paul VI end up enacting?
Answer: all
Pope_Paul_VI

From his bed he participated in Sunday Mass at 18:00. After communion, the pope suffered a massive heart attack, after which he continued to live for three hours. On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo. According to his will, he was buried in the grottos of the Vatican not in an ornate tomb, but in a grave in the ground. He is buried beneath the floor of Saint Peter's Basilica with other popes. In his will, he requested to be buried in the "true earth" and therefore, he does not have an ornate sarcophagus but an in-ground grave.

Question: How long did Paul VI live for after experiencing a massive heart attack in 1978?
Answer: three hours

Question: At what time did Paul VI die?
Answer: 21:41

Question: On what day did Paul VI die?
Answer: 6 August

Question: From where did Paul VI conduct mass on the day of his death?
Answer: bed

Question: What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?
Answer: Castel Gandolfo
Pope_Paul_VI

With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe.

Question: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976?
Answer: five

Question: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?
Answer: Argentina

Question: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?
Answer: Brazil

Question: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?
Answer: Roman Curia

Question: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on?
Answer: regal vestments
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from centuries, he got rid of them. He became the first pope to visit five continents. Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors, to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world, by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened. His 6 August 1967 motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane opened the Roman Curia to the bishops of the world. Until then, only Cardinals could be leading members of the Curia.

Question: What type of theatrical uniforms did Paul VI eradicate from the Vatican?
Answer: army

Question: Who was the first pope to visit five continents?
Answer: Paul VI

Question: Where did Paul Vi turn the focus of the church toward during his papacy?
Answer: world

Question: What group of clergy did Paul VI include in Vatican decision making that had previously been denied influence in this realm?
Answer: bishops

Question: What papal statement under Paul VI opened the Vatican doors to global influences?
Answer: motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane
Electric_motor

Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on.

Question: What is the largest rating of an electric motor?
Answer: 100 megawatts

Question: What is the main example of a DC power source?
Answer: batteries

Question: What does AC stand for?
Answer: alternating current

Question: What does DC stand for?
Answer: direct current

Question: In what device are small motors commonly found?
Answer: electric watches

Question: What is the smallest rating of an electric motor?

Question:  What is the main example of a RC power source?

Question:  What does EC stand for?

Question:  What does DCC stand for?

Question:  In what device are large motors least commonly found?
Electric_motor

Perhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Ampère's force law, was discovered later by André-Marie Ampère in 1820. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, brine substituting for toxic mercury. Though Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century.

Question: Who created the first electrostatic device?
Answer: Andrew Gordon

Question: Who discovered the principles of magnetic and electric interactions?
Answer: André-Marie Ampère

Question: In what year did Faraday convert electrical energy into mechanical energy?
Answer: 1821

Question: What toxic substance originally served the function of brine in primitive motors?
Answer: mercury

Question: Who created the last electrostatic device?

Question: Who discovered the principles of magnetic and electric non-interactions?

Question: In what year did Faraday convert non-electrical energy into mechanical energy?

Question:  What toxic substance originally didn't serve the function of brine in primitive motors?
Electric_motor

In 1827, Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils. After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors". Although they were used only for instructional purposes, in 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator, rotor and commutator. The device employed no permanent magnets, as the magnetic fields of both the stationary and revolving components were produced solely by the currents flowing through their windings.

Question: In what year did Jedlik begin experimenting with electromagnetism?
Answer: 1827

Question: Besides the stator and the communicator, what is an element of a DC motor?
Answer: rotor

Question: What did Jedlik call his earliest devices?
Answer: electromagnetic self-rotors

Question: What discovery solved the problem of continuous rotation?
Answer: commutator

Question: What did Jedlik's improved device eliminate the need for?
Answer: permanent magnets

Question: In what year did Jedlik begin experimenting with non-electromagnetism?

Question: Besides the stator and the communicator, what is an element of a non-DC motor?

Question:  What didn't Jedlik call his earliest devices?

Question:  What discovery solved the problem of non-continuous rotation?

Question:  What did Jedlik's improved device make the need for?
Electric_motor

After many other more or less successful attempts with relatively weak rotating and reciprocating apparatus the Prussian Moritz von Jacobi created the first real rotating electric motor in May 1834 that actually developed a remarkable mechanical output power. His motor set a world record which was improved only four years later in September 1838 by Jacobi himself. His second motor was powerful enough to drive a boat with 14 people across a wide river. It was not until 1839/40 that other developers worldwide managed to build motors of similar and later also of higher performance.

Question: When were developers competing with Jacobi able to match his accomplishments?
Answer: 1839/40

Question: What was Jacobi's improved motor used to propel?
Answer: boat

Question: Who created the first real electric motor?
Answer: Moritz von Jacobi

Question: Who broke the world record set by Jacobi's first motor?
Answer: Jacobi himself

Question: How long did it take for Jacobi's first world record to be broken?
Answer: four years

Question: When were developers competing with Jacobi able to not match his accomplishments?

Question:  What was Jacobi's improved motor used to not propel?

Question:  Who created the first fake electric motor?

Question:  Who broke the world record set by Jacobi's second motor?

Question:  How long did it take for Jacobi's second world record to be broken?
Electric_motor

The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.

Question: Who developed the first mnotor capable of being used for machinery?
Answer: William Sturgeon

Question: Which inventor went bankrupt?
Answer: Thomas Davenport

Question: What was the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry?
Answer: the high cost of primary battery power

Question: What necessary technical development had yet to occur to make electric motors useful?
Answer: electricity distribution

Question: How fast did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?
Answer: 600 revolutions per minute

Question: Who developed the last motor capable of being used for machinery?

Question:  Which inventor never went bankrupt?

Question:  What wasn't the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry?

Question:  What necessary technical development always occurred to make electric motors useful?

Question:  How slow did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?