Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Sichuan

From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000. This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality. The new municipality was formed to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces, as well as to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges Dam project.

Question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1997?
Answer: Sichuan

Question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1997?
Answer: Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.

Question: Why was the Chongqing Municipality formed?
Answer: to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces

Question: Why did China need to resettle people into Chongqing?
Answer: the Three Gorges Dam project.

Question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1982?
Answer: 99,730,000

Question: During what period was Sichuan China's most sparsley populated area?

Question: What provinces where combined in 1997?

Question: Who was trying to develop its eastern provinces?

Question: Why were some municipalities eliminated?

Question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1955?

Question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1955?

Question: Why was the Quianjiang Municipality formed?

Question: Why did China need to resettle people into Gorges?

Question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1955?
Sichuan

Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are known generically as Hengduan Mountains. One of these ranges, Daxue Mountains, contains the highest point of the province Gongga Shan, at 7,556 metres (24,790 ft) above sea level.

Question: How many distinct parts make up Sichuan?
Answer: two

Question: What makes up majority of the eastern Sichuan province?
Answer: Sichuan basin

Question: Western Sichuan is delineated by what mountain range?
Answer: Hengduan Mountains

Question: Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Gongga Shan province?
Answer: Daxue Mountains

Question: How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains?
Answer: 24,790 ft

Question: What province has similar eastern and western parts?

Question: What is formed by the mountains in eastern Sichuan?

Question: What basin covers most of western Sichuan?

Question: What mountain range in eastern Sichuan contains the highest point of the province?

Question: How many distinct parts make up Tibet?

Question: What makes up majority of the eastern Qinghai province?

Question: Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Chongquing province?

Question: Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Qinghai province?

Question: How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Hangduan Mountains?
Sichuan

The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the province is the Min River of central Sichuan, which joins the Yangtze at Yibin. Sichuan's 4 main rivers, as Sichuan means literally, are Jaling Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Yalong Jiang, and Jinsha Jiang.

Question: Which river flows through the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: Yangtze River

Question: Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan?
Answer: Min River

Question: What are the 4 main rivers in Sichuan?
Answer: Jaling Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Yalong Jiang, and Jinsha Jiang

Question: Name some cities downstream of the Yangtze river that are to the east of Sichuan.
Answer: Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai

Question: What river flows through eastern Sichuan?

Question: What province is downstream from the large cities along the Yangtze?

Question: what cities are west of Sichuan?

Question: The Yangtze is a trubutary of what river?

Question: Which river flows through the Nanjing Basin?

Question: Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Jaling Jaling?

Question: What are the 4 main rivers in Chongquing?

Question: Name some cities downstream of the Yangtze river that are to the west of Sichuan?

Question: What joins the Wuhan at Yibin?
Sichuan

Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.

Question: What climate classification does the Sichuan Basin hold?
Answer: humid subtropical climate

Question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?
Answer: the Sichuan Basin

Question: Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan experience what kind of climate?
Answer: subarctic climate

Question: What is the range of average elevation in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: 2,000 to 3,500 meters

Question: What is the range of average temperature in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: 0 to 15 °C

Question: What basin area has a humid tropical climate?

Question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?

Question: What two counties have an arctic climate?

Question: Whare is the average elevation 2,000 tp 3.000 miles?

Question: What climate classification does the Garze Basin hold?

Question: What area of China has the least amount of earthquakes?

Question: What kind of climate does Koppen County in Sichuan experience?

Question: What is the range of average elevation in the Garze Basin?

Question: What is the range of average temperature in the Garze Basin?
Sichuan

Sichuan has been historically known as the "Province of Abundance". It is one of the major agricultural production bases of China. Grain, including rice and wheat, is the major product with output that ranked first in China in 1999. Commercial crops include citrus fruits, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, peaches and grapes. Sichuan also had the largest output of pork among all the provinces and the second largest output of silkworm cocoons in 1999. Sichuan is rich in mineral resources. It has more than 132 kinds of proven underground mineral resources including vanadium, titanium, and lithium being the largest in China. The Panxi region alone possesses 13.3% of the reserves of iron, 93% of titanium, 69% of vanadium, and 83% of the cobalt of the whole country. Sichuan also possesses China's largest proven natural gas reserves, the majority of which is transported to more developed eastern regions.

Question: What area for the "Province of Abundance" refer to?
Answer: Sichuan

Question: What are the major agricultural outputs of Sichuan?
Answer: rice and wheat

Question: What kind of meat is Sichuan known to produce in abundance?
Answer: pork

Question: How much of China's titanium is houses in Sichuan?
Answer: 93%

Question: What is often done with Sichuan's natural gas reserves?
Answer: transported to more developed eastern regions

Question: What is known as the Bread Basket of China?

Question: What area produces the most silkworm?

Question: What reserves does Sichuan send further west?

Question: What region contains 69% of the titanium  reserves?

Question: What silkworm cocoon does the "Province of Abundance" refer to?

Question: What are the major agricultural outputs of Providence?

Question: What kind of meat is the Providence known to produce in abundance?

Question: How much of Providence's titanium is housed in Sichuan?

Question: What is often done with Sichuan's pork?
Sichuan

Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang are the production centers for textiles and electronics products. Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively. Sichuan's wine production accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000.

Question: What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan?
Answer: coal, energy, iron and steel

Question: What areas are major areas of production for textiles and electronics?
Answer: Chengdu and Mianyang

Question: How much of China's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000?
Answer: 21.9%

Question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its machinery production?
Answer: Deyang

Question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries?
Answer: Panzhihua

Question: What is a major industrial center of Asia?

Question: How much of Asia's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000?

Question: What is produced in Chengdu besides machinery?

Question: What is produced in Yibin besides textiles?

Question: What are some major industrial outputs of food?

Question: What areas are major building materials for textiles and electronics?

Question: How much of Chinas wine did light industrial sectors produce in 2000?

Question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its building materials?

Question: Which city in Yibin is known for its metallurgical industries?
Sichuan

The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.

Question: What is the largest dam ever built in the world?
Answer: Three Gorges Dam

Question: On which river is the Three Gorges Dam built?
Answer: Yangtze River

Question: What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream

Question: What are some reasons for the opposition of the Three Gorges Dam?
Answer: massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.

Question: What is the second largest damn in China?

Question: What is being built to control flooding in the Hubei province?

Question: China improving its industrial base is a negative effect of what?

Question: What is the largest ever built in commercial bases?

Question: On which river are alternative energy sources built?

Question: What is the purpose of the resettlement of residents?

Question: What are some reasons for the opposition of the alternative energy sources?

Question: What on the Yangtze River is being damaged?
Sichuan

According to the Sichuan Department of Commerce, the province's total foreign trade was US$22.04 billion in 2008, with an annual increase of 53.3 percent. Exports were US$13.1 billion, an annual increase of 52.3 percent, while imports were US$8.93 billion, an annual increase of 54.7 percent. These achievements were accomplished because of significant changes in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of the yuan's appreciation, increase of commercial incentives and increase in production costs. The 18 cities and counties witnessed a steady rate of increase. Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan all saw an increase of more than 40 percent while Leshan, Neijiang, Luzhou, Meishan, Ziyang, and Yibin saw an increase of more than 20 percent. Foreign trade in Zigong, Panzhihua, Guang'an, Bazhong and Ganzi remained constant.

Question: By how much did foreign trade increase in Sichuan in 2008?
Answer: 53.3 percent

Question: What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008?
Answer: US$13.1 billion

Question: What was the import level of Sichuan in 2008?
Answer: US$8.93 billion

Question: What cities saw an increase in foreign trade of more than 40% in 2008?
Answer: Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan

Question: Who says Sichuans total forign trade is 22.04 billion CNY

Question: What was equal to 13.1 billion CNY?

Question: What was equal to 8.93 billion CNY?

Question: What has a decrease in production costs contributed to?

Question: By how much did production costs increase in Sichuan in 2008?

Question: What were the commercial incentives for of Sichuan in 2008?

Question: What production costs of Sichuan in 2008?

Question: What cities saw an increase in imports of more than 40% in 2008?

Question: What caused the increase in foreign counties?
Sichuan

The Sichuan government raised the minimum wage in the province by 12.5 percent at the end of December 2007. The monthly minimum wage went up from 400 to 450 yuan, with a minimum of 4.9 yuan per hour for part-time work, effective 26 December 2007. The government also reduced the four-tier minimum wage structure to three. The top tier mandates a minimum of 650 yuan per month, or 7.1 yuan per hour. National law allows each province to set minimum wages independently, but with a floor of 450 yuan per month.

Question: By how much did Sichuan increase minimum wage in December 2007?
Answer: 12.5 percent

Question: What was the new monthly minimum wage in Sichuan by January 2008?
Answer: 450 yuan

Question: What was the minimum hourly wage in Sichuan on December 28, 2007?
Answer: 4.9 yuan

Question: What is the national minimum monthly wage in China?
Answer: 450 yuan per month

Question: Who raised the minimum wage by 1.25%

Question: Where is the maximum wage 4.9 yuan per hour?

Question: who icreased the three tier minimum wage structure to four?

Question: What law sets the minimum wage across China?

Question: By how much did the top tier increase minimum wage in December 2007?

Question: What was the new monthy minimum wage in the top tier by January 2008?

Question: What was the minimum hourly wage in the top tier on December 28, 2007?

Question: What was the national minimum monthly wage in the top tier?

Question: What did the top tier reduce the four-tier minimum wage structure to?
Sichuan

Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 成都经济技术开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū) was approved as state-level development zone in February 2000. The zone now has a developed area of 10.25 km2 (3.96 sq mi) and has a planned area of 26 km2 (10 sq mi). Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (CETDZ) lies 13.6 km (8.5 mi) east of Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province and the hub of transportation and communication in southwest China. The zone has attracted investors and developers from more than 20 countries to carry out their projects there. Industries encouraged in the zone include mechanical, electronic, new building materials, medicine and food processing.

Question: When was the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone approved?
Answer: February 2000

Question: What is the planned size of the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone?
Answer: CETDZ

Question: How far east of Chengdu is CETDZ?
Answer: 8.5 mi

Question: What is the capital city of Sichuan?
Answer: Chengdu

Question: How many countries are represented by the investors and developers of the CETDZ?
Answer: 20

Question: What was approved as a national-level development zone in 2000?

Question: What city east of the Chengu Economic and Technological Development Zone?

Question: What has attracted investers from 20 other provinces?

Question: When was the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone approved in more than 20 countries?

Question: Where planned food processing area lie?

Question: How far east of Chengdu is the planned food processing area?

Question: What is the capital city of China?

Question: How many cities are represented by the investors and developers of the CETDZ?
Sichuan

Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

Question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?
Answer: 1988

Question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?
Answer: 1991

Question: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?
Answer: 5th

Question: what was approved as a hi-tech development zone in 1988?

Question: Wat development zone was established in 1991?

Question: What ranks number 5 in world development zones?

Question: When was the APEC Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?

Question: When was the APEC Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?

Question: The Chengdu APEC is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?

Question: What has been recognized as a pinyin?

Question: How many national APEC zones are in China?
Sichuan

Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi), consisting of the South Park and the West Park. By relying on the city sub-center, which is under construction, the South Park is focusing on creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology with scientific and technological innovation, incubation R&D, modern service industry and Headquarters economy playing leading roles. Priority has been given to the development of software industry. Located on both sides of the "Chengdu-Dujiangyan-Jiuzhaigou" golden tourism channel, the West Park aims at building a comprehensive industrial park targeting at industrial clustering with complete supportive functions. The West Park gives priority to three major industries i.e. electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery.

Question: Which Parks make up the Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone?
Answer: South Park and the West Park

Question: What is the focus of the South Park?
Answer: creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology

Question: Which industries does West Park give priority to?
Answer: electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery

Question: What industry does South Park give priority to?
Answer: software industry

Question: What development zone covers 82.5 square miles?

Question: What is the West park doing by focusing on the city sub-center?

Question: BWhat industry does South Park give priority to other than electronic informatiom?

Question: Which Parks make up the incubation R&D?

Question: What is the focus of the tourism channel?

Question: Which industries do both sides give priority to?

Question: What covers and area of 31.9 Km2?

Question: What targets cities with complete supportive functions?
Sichuan

Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.

Question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone?
Answer: 17 sq mi

Question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport?
Answer: 8 km

Question: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone  output since inception?
Answer: 177.4 billion yuan

Question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ?
Answer: 136

Question: What zone icludes 43 square miles?

Question: What city is the zone 8 km away from?

Question: What airport is 96 km from the zone?

Question: What enterprises make up 90% of China's industriall outpput?

Question: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Airport?

Question: What is the distance between the Mianyang Airport and Chengdu?

Question: How much value has the Mianyang Airport output since inception?

Question: How many high-tech enterprises are present in Chengdu?

Question: How many zones accounted for more than 90% of total industrial output?
Sichuan

On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqing. The new expressway is 50 km (31 mi) shorter than the pre-existing road between Chengdu and Chongqing; thus journey time between the two cities was reduced by an hour, now taking two and a half hours. The Sui-Yu Expressway is a four lane overpass with a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph). The total investment was 1.045 billion yuan.

Question: How long did it take to complete the Sui-Yu Expressway?
Answer: three years

Question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing?
Answer: two and a half hours

Question: What is the speed limit on the Sui-Yu Expressway?
Answer: 80 km/h (50 mph)

Question: What was the total cost of the Sui-Yu Expressway?
Answer: 1.045 billion yuan

Question: How many lanes make up the Sui-Yu Expressway?
Answer: four lane

Question: What did construction begin on in Nov 2007?

Question: What took 3 years of planning?

Question: What was the longest espressway from Chengdu to Chongqing?

Question: What is the expressway 50 km longer than?

Question: How long did it take to complete the total investment?

Question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Cheng-Nan?

Question: What is the speed limit on the Chengdu expressway?

Question: What was the total cost of the Chengdu expressway?

Question: How many lanes make up the Chengdu expressway?
Sichuan

The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.

Question: What race is the majority of Sichuan?
Answer: Han Chinese

Question: What is one of the largest minorities in Chengdu?
Answer: Tibetan

Question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to natural disasters?
Answer: far western areas.

Question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Chengdu?
Answer: 30,000

Question: What group makes up a minority of the privinces population?

Question: What groups live in the eastern province?

Question: Where do people benefit from mild climate?

Question: What population includes 200,000 perminant residents?

Question: What race is the majority of Tibet?

Question: What is one of the largest minorities in Yi?

Question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to ethnic groups?

Question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Eastern Lipo?

Question: How big is the Yi floating population?
Sichuan

Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.

Question: What are the three most populist provinces in China?
Answer: Guangdong, Shandong and Henan

Question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1832?
Answer: 21 million

Question: What is the tenth most populous sub-national entity in the world?
Answer: Sichuan

Question: How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total?
Answer: six

Question: In what year was the Soviet Union disbanded?
Answer: 1991

Question: What are the three most populous provinces in Russia?

Question: What was the population of Maharashtra in 1832?

Question: What is the tenth most populous sub-national entity in Henan?

Question: How many sub-national entities have surpassed 21 million people in total?

Question: In what year was China disbanded?
Sichuan

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan are populated by Tibetans and Qiang people. Tibetans speak the Khams and Amdo Tibetan, which are Tibetic languages, as well as various Qiangic languages. The Qiang speak Qiangic languages and often Tibetic languages as well. The Yi people of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the Nuosu language, which is one of the Lolo-Burmese languages; Yi is written using the Yi script, a syllabary standardized in 1974. The Southwest University for Nationalities has one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments, and the Southwest Minorities Publishing House prints literature in minority languages. In the minority inhabited regions of Sichuan, there is bi-lingual signage and public school instruction in non-Mandarin minority languages.

Question: What are the largest minorities of western Sichuan?
Answer: Tibetans and Qiang

Question: What languages do Tibetans in Sichuan speak?
Answer: Khams and Amdo Tibetan

Question: What language do the Yi people speak?
Answer: Nuosu

Question: In what year was the language of the Yi people standardized?
Answer: 1974

Question: Which University houses one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments?
Answer: Southwest University for Nationalities

Question: What are the largest minorities of Southwest University for Nationalities?

Question: What languages do Tibetans in Burma speak?

Question: What language do the Mandarin people speak?

Question: In what year was the language of the Mandarin people standardized?

Question: Which University houses one of China's most prominent Burmese departments?
Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire of more than 120,000 characters covering 129 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. The standard consists of a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding method and set of standard character encodings, a set of reference data files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). As of June 2015[update], the most recent version is Unicode 8.0. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.

Question: What was Unicode published as?
Answer: The Unicode Standard

Question: What was unicode developed in conjunction with?
Answer: Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)

Question: What is the most recent version of Unicode?
Answer: Unicode 8.0

Question: Who maintains the Unicode Standard? 
Answer: Unicode Consortium

Question: Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire? 
Answer: 120,000 characters

Question: What is the Universal Coded Character set published as?

Question: How many characters does Arabic have?

Question: How many scripts does UCS cover?

Question: What is the acronym for Unicode?

Question: What is an example of a left-to-right script?
Unicode

Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard. UTF-16 extends UCS-2, using one 16-bit unit for the characters that were representable in UCS-2 and two 16-bit units (4 × 8 bits) to handle each of the additional characters.

Question: What are the most commonly used encodings of Unicode?
Answer: UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2

Question: What does UTF-8 use in terms of bytes? 
Answer: UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character

Question: What type of code does UCS-2 use?
Answer: 16-bit code unit

Question: What does UTF-16 expand? 
Answer: UCS-2

Question: How are two 16-bit units used? 
Answer: (4 × 8 bits

Question: What are character encodings implemented by?

Question: Which two encodings are now obsolete?

Question: What did UCS-2 expand?

Question: How many ASCII characters are used to make one UTF-8?

Question: What system has a minimum of four bytes?
Unicode

Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Latin characters and the local script), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other).

Question: What is the aim of Unicode?
Answer: transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings

Question: Traditional character encodings don't allow what type of computer processing?
Answer: multilingual computer processing

Question: What is multilingual computer processing?
Answer: (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other

Question: Bilingual computer processing uses what characters?
Answer: usually using Latin characters

Question: What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings?
Answer: wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other

Question: What was Unicode defined in?

Question: What characters does multilingual processors use?

Question: What type of encodings do not allow bilingual computer processing?

Question: What is the limitation of unicode globally?

Question: What are traditional character encodings attempting to surpass?
Unicode

The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those encodings to Unicode (and back) without losing any information. For example, the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompasses a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet section because in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) fonts, these Latin characters are rendered at the same width as CJK ideographs, rather than at half the width. For other examples, see Duplicate characters in Unicode.

Question: What were the first 256 code points of Unicode made identical to? 
Answer: ISO-8859-1

Question: Why were the first 256 code points made identical to ISO-8859-1?
Answer: to make it trivial to convert existing western text

Question: What does the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompass?
Answer: a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet

Question: What are the CJK languages referenced?
Answer: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean

Question: What did ISO-8859-1 copy?

Question: Latin is what kind of language?

Question: What are Latin characters called when they are half width?

Question: Why do coders avoid duplicate characters?

Question: The 256 initial points make it difficult to translate what kind of text?
Unicode

In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode.

Question: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0?
Answer: 1996

Question: Why was a surrogate character mechanism implemented?
Answer: so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits

Question: What are some characters not originally intended for Unicode? 
Answer: rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters

Question: Why are some foreign characters rarely used? 
Answer: many of which are part of personal and place names

Question: Why was the Unicode 2.0 codespace increased? 
Answer: allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts

Question: When was Unicode restricted to 16 bits?

Question: What types of egyptian hieroglyphs are rarely used?

Question: What are the extra Unicode characters called?

Question: What types of characters were removed with Unicode 2.0?

Question: What was removed in 1996?
Unicode

Each code point has a single General Category property. The major categories are: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other. Within these categories, there are subdivisions. The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point. E.g., U+000A <control-000A> Line feed (LF) in ASCII is both a control and a formatting separator; in Unicode the General Category is "Other, Control". Often, other properties must be used to specify the characteristics and behaviour of a code point. The possible General Categories are:

Question: What are the General Categories of Unicode?
Answer: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other

Question: What type of use is the General Category not helpful for?
Answer: not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point

Question: What is the General Category in Unicode?
Answer: Other, Control

Question: How many General Category properties does each code point have?
Answer: a single General Category property

Question: What exists within the main Unicode categories? 
Answer: subdivisions

Question: What subcategories are found in the category Other?

Question: Which category can always be used?

Question: Why is Symbol not useful for all instances?

Question: What is the title of the Separator category in Unicode?

Question: "Other, Symbol" represents what unicode category?
Unicode

Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value.

Question: What are code points in the range U+D800-U+DBFF known as? 
Answer: high-surrogate code points

Question: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as? 
Answer: low-surrogate code points

Question: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point? 
Answer: leading surrogate

Question: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point? 
Answer: trailing surrogate

Question: What is known as a character's scalar value? 
Answer: the range of code points that are available for use as characters

Question: What is a low-surrogate followed by a high-surrogate called?

Question: What is another name for a surrogate pair?

Question: How many points are represented inside of BMP?

Question: Which kinds of code points are valid by themselves?

Question: What is the individual number of code points called?
Unicode

The set of graphic and format characters defined by Unicode does not correspond directly to the repertoire of abstract characters that is representable under Unicode. Unicode encodes characters by associating an abstract character with a particular code point. However, not all abstract characters are encoded as a single Unicode character, and some abstract characters may be represented in Unicode by a sequence of two or more characters. For example, a Latin small letter "i" with an ogonek, a dot above, and an acute accent, which is required in Lithuanian, is represented by the character sequence U+012F, U+0307, U+0301. Unicode maintains a list of uniquely named character sequences for abstract characters that are not directly encoded in Unicode.

Question: What is an ogonek? 
Answer: a dot above

Question: How does Unicode encode characters?
Answer: associating an abstract character with a particular code point

Question: How are some abstract characters represented in Unicode?
Answer: a sequence of two or more characters

Question: What is another name for an acute accent?

Question: What does Latin require?

Question: What are format characters associated with?

Question: What do sets of graphic characters directly correspond to?

Question: What are all encoded as singular unicode characters?
Unicode

All graphic, format, and private use characters have a unique and immutable name by which they may be identified. This immutability has been guaranteed since Unicode version 2.0 by the Name Stability policy. In cases where the name is seriously defective and misleading, or has a serious typographical error, a formal alias may be defined, and applications are encouraged to use the formal alias in place of the official character name. For example, U+A015 ꀕ YI SYLLABLE WU has the formal alias yi syllable iteration mark, and U+FE18 ︘ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRAKCET (sic) has the formal alias presentation form for vertical right white lenticular bracket.

Question: What policy guaranteed that characters have a unique and immutable name?
Answer: Name Stability policy

Question: What happens when a name is defective or misleading?
Answer: a formal alias may be defined

Question: How long has this name immutability been guaranteed? 
Answer: since Unicode version 2.0

Question: What policy identified misleading characters?

Question: When an error is found, what is used in place of a formal alias?

Question: When was the formal alias yi created?

Question: What is an example of a symbol that does not use a formal alias?

Question: Which types of characters do not have unique names?
Unicode

Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 function equivalently as character encodings, but The Unicode Standard contains much more information for implementers, covering—in depth—topics such as bitwise encoding, collation and rendering. The Unicode Standard enumerates a multitude of character properties, including those needed for supporting bidirectional text. The two standards do use slightly different terminology.

Question: Who was Unicode developed in conjunction with?
Answer: International Organization for Standardization

Question: What does Unicode share a character repertoire with?
Answer: the Universal Character Set

Question: What includes topics like bitwise encoding, collation, and rendering?
Answer: The Unicode Standard

Question: What do the two standards differ in? 
Answer: slightly different terminology

Question: Who created the character repertoire for IOS/IEC 10646?

Question: What is another name for Unicode?

Question: What is developed alongside the UCS?

Question: Unicode has more information regarding what?

Question: What have different character repertoires?
Unicode

The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) in 1991 and continues to develop standards based on that original work. The latest version of the standard, Unicode 8.0, was released in June 2015 and is available from the consortium's website. The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be published in book form was Unicode 5.0 (ISBN 0-321-48091-0), but since Unicode 6.0 the full text of the standard is no longer being published in book form. In 2012, however, it was announced that only the core specification for Unicode version 6.1 would be made available as a 692-page print-on-demand paperback. Unlike the previous major version printings of the Standard, the print-on-demand core specification does not include any code charts or standard annexes, but the entire standard, including the core specification, will still remain freely available on the Unicode website.

Question: When was the Unicode Standard first published? 
Answer: 1991

Question: When was the latest version, Unicode 8.0, released?
Answer: June 2015

Question: What was the last major version of Unicode to be published in book form? 
Answer: Unicode 5.0

Question: What year was it announced that only the core specification for Unicode would be printed in physical form?
Answer: 2012

Question: What does the print on demand, core version not include? 
Answer: any code charts or standard annexes

Question: When was the Consortium founded?

Question: What month did the Consortium first publish Unicode?

Question: When was it announced that Unicode would no longer be available in book form?

Question: How many pages was the original Unicode standard?

Question: What extra sections are not included on the Unicode website?
Unicode

The Unicode Roadmap Committee (Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler) maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding and their tentative code block assignments on the Unicode Roadmap page of the Unicode Consortium Web site. For some scripts on the Roadmap, such as Jurchen, Nü Shu, and Tangut, encoding proposals have been made and they are working their way through the approval process. For others scripts, such as Mayan and Rongorongo, no proposal has yet been made, and they await agreement on character repertoire and other details from the user communities involved.

Question: Michael Everson, Rick McGowan, and Ken Whistler make up what group?
Answer: Unicode Roadmap Committee

Question: What does the Unicode Roadmap Commmittee do? 
Answer: maintain the list of scripts that are candidates or potential candidates for encoding

Question: What proposal has been made for the Mayan script? 
Answer: no proposal has yet been made

Question: Where does the Unicode Roadmap Committee post information on these scripts?
Answer: Unicode Consortium Web site

Question: Who are the potential candidates for encoding?

Question: Who made the proposal for the Mayan script?

Question: What needs to be agreed upon before a script for Jurchen is proposed?

Question: Which scripts are user committees no longer proposing?

Question: What committies have to approve proposals?
Unicode

Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings. An encoding maps (possibly a subset of) the range of Unicode code points to sequences of values in some fixed-size range, termed code values. The numbers in the names of the encodings indicate the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value (for UCS encodings). UTF-8 and UTF-16 are probably the most commonly used encodings. UCS-2 is an obsolete subset of UTF-16; UCS-4 and UTF-32 are functionally equivalent.

Question: How many mapping methods does Unicode define?
Answer: two

Question: What are the two mapping methods that Unicode defines?
Answer: Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings

Question: What do numbers in the names of the encodings indicate? 
Answer: the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value

Question: What are the most commonly used encodings? 
Answer: UTF-8 and UTF-16

Question: What does UCS stand for?
Answer: Universal Coded Character Set

Question: How many mapping modes does USC have?

Question: What maps an encoding?

Question: What is the subset of UTF-8?

Question: What is functionally equivalent to USC-2?

Question: What do the sequences of values indicate?
Unicode

The UCS-2 and UTF-16 encodings specify the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) for use at the beginnings of text files, which may be used for byte ordering detection (or byte endianness detection). The BOM, code point U+FEFF has the important property of unambiguity on byte reorder, regardless of the Unicode encoding used; U+FFFE (the result of byte-swapping U+FEFF) does not equate to a legal character, and U+FEFF in other places, other than the beginning of text, conveys the zero-width non-break space (a character with no appearance and no effect other than preventing the formation of ligatures).

Question: What does BOM stand for? 
Answer: Unicode Byte Order Mark

Question: What specifies the BOM?
Answer: UCS-2 and UTF-16

Question: what is the code point of the BOM?
Answer: U+FEFF

Question: What is U+UFFE the result of? 
Answer: byte-swapping U+FEFF

Question: What is the code point for BOM?

Question: What changes the important property in BOM?

Question: U+FFFE is equated to what?

Question: What are UCS-2 and UTF-16 specified by?

Question: What is the abbreviation for UCS-2 and UTF-16?