Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Paper

The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.

Question: What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?
Answer: caliper

Question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?
Answer: thousandths of an inch

Question: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?
Answer: mm

Question: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?
Answer: 0.0028 and 0.0071 in

Question: What is the wetness of paper most often measured by?

Question: What is often given in hundredths of an inch?

Question: What is often given in hundredths of an mm?

Question: In which part of the world maybe paper be between .07 and .18 mm thick?

Question: What is the weight of paper measured by?

Question: What tool is often used in measuring the width of paper?

Question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper width?

Question: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the US is likely to use what unit?

Question:  Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width?
Paper

Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it has been cut from a larger sheet into four pieces. In the United States, printing paper is generally 20 lb, 24 lb, or 32 lb at most. Cover stock is generally 68 lb, and 110 lb or more is considered card stock.

Question: What characteristic is paper usually classified by?
Answer: weight

Question: In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?
Answer: a ream

Question: Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock?
Answer: card

Question: What is weight most often characterized by?

Question: How many sheets of reams are in a basic size?

Question: In what sizes do pounds of paper come?

Question: What happens to the paper after it is sold to end customers?

Question: How much does a ream of 5 lb, 8.5 in x 11 in paper weigh?

Question:  What characteristic is paper not usually classified by?

Question:  In the UK, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?

Question:  Paper rated at over 210lb is considered what type of stock?
Paper

In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of the paper and its thickness.

Question: What ISO sizing system does Europe use?
Answer: ISO 216

Question: If paper is over 160g what is it considered as?
Answer: card

Question: Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe?
Answer: dimensions

Question: Where is the dampness of paper expressed in grammes per square meter?

Question: Where is the thickness of paper expressed in grams per square meter?

Question: Where is the dryness of paper expressed in grams per square meter?

Question: What is anything heavier than 60g considered?

Question: What does the weight of a gram depend on?

Question: What ISO sizing system does Asia use?

Question:  If paper is over 110g what is it considered as?

Question: Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Asia?
Paper

Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper.

Question: Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?
Answer: length and width

Question: Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner?
Answer: standard paper sizes

Question: Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms?
Answer: length and width

Question: How is most paper sold in South America?

Question: How is paper cut for sale in South America?

Question: Based on what type of units is North America cut for sale?

Question: What is defined by the length and moistness of paper?

Question:  Commercial paper is not commonly defined by what?

Question:  Most commercial paper in South America is cut in what manner?

Question:  Standard paper sizes are never described with what terms?
Paper

The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189 × 841 mm). Two sheets of A1, placed upright side by side fit exactly into one sheet of A0 laid on its side. Similarly, two sheets of A2 fit into one sheet of A1 and so forth. Common sizes used in the office and the home are A4 and A3 (A3 is the size of two A4 sheets).

Question: Most countries besides the US use what ISO System?
Answer: ISO 216

Question: What country first adopted the ISO 216 standard?
Answer: Germany

Question: What is the largest standard size paper?
Answer: A0

Question: How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of A0 paper?
Answer: 2

Question: What is the lowest numbered A paper that is commonly used at home?
Answer: A3

Question: Instead of the surface area of paper, what is the ISO 216 system based on?

Question: When was the ISO 1189 system first adopted in Germany?

Question: What is the smallest standard paper size?

Question: How many sheets of A1 fit into a sheet of A2?

Question: What are some common sizes never used in the home or office?

Question:  Most countries besides the UK use what ISO System?

Question:  What country first rejected the ISO 216 standard?

Question:  What is the smallest standard size paper?

Question:  How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of AD paper?

Question: What is the lowest numbered A paper that is uncommonly used at home?
Paper

The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).

Question: What is the lightest density of paper produced?
Answer: tissue paper

Question: What is the common density of printing paper?
Answer: 800 kg/m3

Question: What is the range of paper weight?

Question: What is the range of paper thickness?

Question: What is the range of paper dampness?

Question: What is the range of paper dryness?

Question: How thick is printing paper?

Question: What is the lightest density of wood produced?

Question:  What is the uncommon density of printing paper?
Paper

Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not "run" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize that the alum they added liberally to cure almost every problem encountered in making their product would eventually be detrimental. The cellulose fibres that make up paper are hydrolyzed by acid, and the presence of alum would eventually degrade the fibres until the paper disintegrated in a process that has come to be known as "slow fire". Documents written on rag paper were significantly more stable. The use of non-acidic additives to make paper is becoming more prevalent, and the stability of these papers is less of an issue.

Question: What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced?
Answer: Alum

Question: Early papermakers added alum to help in what process?
Answer: sizing

Question: How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum?
Answer: more stable

Question: What did a lot of the wood pulp made from paper contain?

Question: What was took out of paper to assist in sizing?

Question: What is more of an issue with papers made with non acidic additives?

Question: What is becoming less prevalent when making paper?

Question: By what are the acid fibers that make up paper hydrolyzed?

Question: What acidic salts were uncommonly found in the early types of paper produced?

Question:  Late papermakers added alum to help in what process?

Question:  How was rag paper inferior to the early types of paper made using alum?
Paper

Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant amounts of lignin and is therefore better suited for books, documents and other applications where whiteness of the paper is essential.

Question: What particle is associated with the yellowing of newspapers?
Answer: lignin

Question: A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood?
Answer: lignin

Question: What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers?
Answer: light and oxygen

Question: What does lignin made from mechanical pulp contain significant amounts of?

Question: What is a major component of lignin?

Question: When lacking light and oxygen, what type of materials does lignin react to give?

Question: What does paper made from bleached kraft contain a significant amount of?

Question: What does paper made from sulfite pulps contain a significant amount of?

Question: What particle is associated with the greening of newspapers?

Question: A book is likely made with paper that has high amounts of what component of wood?

Question: What does lignin react to to produce the greening you see in newspapers?
Paper

Paper made from wood pulp is not necessarily less durable than a rag paper. The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres. Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces formic, acetic, lactic and oxalic acids.

Question: Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?
Answer: Library of Congress

Question: Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce?
Answer: oxalic

Question: What is definitely more durable than rag paper?

Question: What is determined by the ageing behavior of paper?

Question: Who sponsored tests that proved all paper is risk free from acid decay?

Question: What does oxalic acid produce?

Question: What does lactic acid produce?

Question: Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are not subject to acid decay?

Question: Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose not produce?
Paper

Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book publishers tend to use acid-free paper, made from fully bleached chemical pulps for hardback and trade paperback books.

Question: How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process?
Answer: twice

Question: What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books?
Answer: Mechanical

Question: What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers?
Answer: acid-free

Question: What type of pulping yields nearly a tonne of dry wood per pulp tonne used?

Question: What type of pumps are sometimes called low yield pumps?

Question: Because it has a lower yield, what type of pulping is often cheaper?

Question: Mechanical pulps are often more expensive than what?

Question: What type of paper do mechanical pulps tend to use?

Question: How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when not compared to to the chemical pulping process?

Question: What type of process is used to produce least paper used in paperback books?

Question: What level of acid is not usually found in the paper used by book publishers?
Paper

Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues.

Question: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?
Answer: 400%

Question: What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?
Answer: 35%

Question: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests?
Answer: plant trees

Question: What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?
Answer: 10%

Question: What has risen by 35% over the last 400 years?

Question: By how much has worldwide consumption of paper decreased over the last 40 years?

Question: What to most forest plant to help regrow companies?

Question: What accounts for more than 10% of wood pulp?

Question: What percentage of trees harvested are not used for making paper?

Question: In the last 10 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?

Question: What percentage of harvested bushes are used in the manufacturing of paper?

Question:  What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of oceans?

Question:  What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees?
Paper

Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year.

Question: What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?
Answer: 40%

Question: How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?
Answer: 71.6 million

Question: How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?
Answer: 16 billion

Question: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?
Answer: 31

Question: How much percent of total waste does paper waste account for in Europe?

Question: How many tons of paper are wasted per year in Europe?

Question: How many pages of paper does the average worker in Europe print per day?

Question: How many paper cups per year do Europeans use?

Question: In what country does an average office worker print 71.6 million pages of paper every day?

Question:  What percentage of total waste can not be attributed to paper?

Question: How many hundreds of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?

Question:  How many paper bags are used by Americans each year?

Question: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the UK each day?
Paper

Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Dioxins are highly toxic, and health effects on humans include reproductive, developmental, immune and hormonal problems. They are known to be carcinogenic. Over 90% of human exposure is through food, primarily meat, dairy, fish and shellfish, as dioxins accumulate in the food chain in the fatty tissue of animals.

Question: What process of papermaking is most heavily linked to the pollution?
Answer: bleaching

Question: How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?
Answer: through food

Question: Where are dioxins stored in our animal sources of food?
Answer: fatty tissue

Question: What agency internationally regulates dioxins?
Answer: the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Question: What does bleaching of meat release into the environment?

Question: What does bleaching of dairy release into the environment?

Question: What does bleaching of fish release into the environment?

Question: Which agency nationally regulates dioxins?

Question: What process of papermaking is least heavily linked to the pollution?

Question: How are humans uncommonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?

Question:  Where are dioxins expelled in our animal sources of food?

Question:  What agency nationally regulates dioxins?
Paper

Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be recycled with ordinary paper.

Question: What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?
Answer: paperfoam

Question: What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?
Answer: biodegradable

Question: What is paperfoam primarily made of?
Answer: paper

Question: How is paperfoam commonly disposed of?
Answer: recycled

Question: What is made out of plastic and is being used instead of expanded plastic packaging?

Question: To what does the new packaging have very different mechanical properties?

Question: With what can paperfoam not be recycled?

Question: How can some manufacturers be disposed of?

Question: What is ordinary paper made out of?

Question: What product used in the sale of paper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be less environmentally friendly?

Question: What is the least benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?

Question:  What is paperfoam uncommonly made of?

Question:  How is paperfoam uncommonly disposed of?
Paper

With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags.

Question: What is newly used as a coating in high grease applications?
Answer: corn protein

Question: Popcorn bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?
Answer: corn protein

Question: PFOA is what type of coating?
Answer: synthetic

Question: In what way can zein not be used?

Question: What type of coating would a hydrocarbon bag likely have?

Question: What is another term for synthetic protein?

Question: To what are there decreasing environmental concerns?

Question: What is an example of a natural coating?

Question: What is no longer used as a coating in high grease applications?

Question: Garbage bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?

Question:  PFOA is what type of paper?
Adult_contemporary_music

Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.

Question: Along with pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock, what musical style influenced adult contemporary?
Answer: easy listening

Question: What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s?
Answer: soft rock

Question: What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s?
Answer: vocal

Question: What does the acronym AC stand for?
Answer: Adult contemporary

Question: Along with easy listening, adult contemporary is a modern day continuation of what style of music?
Answer: soft rock
Adult_contemporary_music

Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure.

Question: Along with harmonies, what aspect of music is emphasized in adult contemporary?
Answer: melody

Question: What is the typical structure of an adult contemporary song?
Answer: verse–chorus structure

Question: With what broader style of music does adult contemporary share its structure?
Answer: pop music

Question: Along with being pleasurable, what trait makes adult contemporary appropriate for background music?
Answer: inoffensive
Adult_contemporary_music

Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).

Question: What type of song is frequently seen in the adult contemporary genre?
Answer: romantic sentimental ballads

Question: Along with synthesizers, what electronic instruments sometimes appear in modern adult contemporary?
Answer: drum machines

Question: What general type of instruments tend to be used in adult contemporary?
Answer: acoustic

Question: What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary?
Answer: bass guitar

Question: Along with being faint, what characteristic is usually present in electric guitars used in adult contemporary?
Answer: high-pitched
Adult_contemporary_music

AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.

Question: What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on?
Answer: 25–44

Question: Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio?
Answer: hip hop

Question: When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic?
Answer: 1960s

Question: What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?
Answer: newer music
Adult_contemporary_music

Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.

Question: What is lite AC otherwise known as?
Answer: soft AC

Question: What is Christian AC a subgenre of?
Answer: contemporary Christian music

Question: Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music?
Answer: rhythmic AC
Adult_contemporary_music

Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as "rock and roll" stations. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was "Boll Weevil Song" by Brook Benton. The chart described itself as "not too far out in either direction".

Question: From what decade of easy listening radio does adult contemporary trace its heritage?
Answer: 1960s

Question: Generally speaking, what percentage of music on easy listening stations was instrumental?
Answer: 70-80%

Question: On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published?
Answer: July 17, 1961

Question: How many songs were on the first Billboard easy listening chart?
Answer: 20

Question: Who performed the first #1 on the easy listening chart?
Answer: Brook Benton
Adult_contemporary_music

Initially, the vocalists consisted of artists such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, and others. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without selling out. Some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s.

Question: Along with Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Nat King Cole, and Perry Como, who was a prominent early adult contemporary radio artist?
Answer: Connie Francis

Question: What type of covers of pop and rock songs were usually played on adult contemporary?
Answer: instrumental

Question: What songs from the 1940s and 1950s would adult contemporary stations play?
Answer: big band-era recordings
Adult_contemporary_music

After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the chart's most popular performers.

Question: What chart did the Easy Listening chart begin to diverge from?
Answer: the Hot 100 chart

Question: In what year did the Easy Listening and Hot 100 charts begin to diverge?
Answer: 1965

Question: Along with Roger Miller and Barbra Streisand, who was a successful Easy Listening artist in this era?
Answer: Bobby Vinton

Question: Why did the crossover between Hot 100 and Easy Listening decrease?
Answer: rock music continued to harden
Adult_contemporary_music

One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or "MOR") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs.

Question: During what decade did rock and roll music first rise to popularity?
Answer: 1950s

Question: What does the acronym MOR stand for?
Answer: middle of the road

Question: Along with pre-rock standards, what type of older songs did MOR stations play?
Answer: big band titles
Adult_contemporary_music

Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "beautiful music" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient. Whereas most easy listening music was instrumental, created by relatively unknown artists, and rarely purchased, AC was an attempt to create a similar "lite" format by choosing certain tracks (both hit singles and album cuts) of popular artists.

Question: What was another term for easy listening stations?
Answer: beautiful music

Question: Easy listening was predominately what type of music?
Answer: instrumental

Question: What types of tracks from popular artists did adult contemporary radio play?
Answer: hit singles and album cuts

Question: What type of format were adult contemporary and easy listening stations meant to share?
Answer: lite
Adult_contemporary_music

Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as major radio formats in the US. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. Major artists included Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens, James Taylor and Bread.

Question: As of what year was hard rock a mainstream type of music?
Answer: 1965

Question: Along with soft rock, what type of music made up mainstream rock music in the late 1960s?
Answer: hard rock

Question: What type of instruments were prominent in soft rock? 
Answer: acoustic

Question: What genre of music was soft rock descended from?
Answer: folk rock

Question: Along with Barbra Streisand, Carole King, Cat Stevens and Bread, who was a prominent soft rock artist of this era?
Answer: James Taylor
Adult_contemporary_music

The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as Chicago, The Eagles, and Elton John becoming associated with the format.

Question: At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?
Answer: 1960s

Question: During the middle and early parts of what decade did the similarity of Easy Listening and Hot 100 increase?
Answer: 1970s

Question: How did Top 40 radio what ifmusic change during this era?
Answer: began to soften

Question: With Elton John and the Eagles, what was a prominent adult contemporary artist in this period?
Answer: Chicago
Adult_contemporary_music

Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day

Question: During what period was adult contemporary its most commercially successful?
Answer: the mid-to-late 1970s

Question: What artist released the best selling album of the 1970s?
Answer: Fleetwood Mac

Question: In what year was the best selling album of the 1970s released?
Answer: 1977

Question: What radio stationed owned by NBC played only soft rock?
Answer: WYNY

Question: Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division?
Answer: Walter Sabo
Adult_contemporary_music

Radio stations played Top 40 hits regardless of genre; although, most were in the same genre until the mid-1970s when different forms of popular music started to target different demographic groups, such as disco vs. hard rock. This evolved into specialized radio stations that played specific genres of music, and generally followed the evolution of artists in those genres.

Question: What genre of music was was listening to by a different demographic than hard rock?
Answer: disco

Question: In what decade did genres begin to diverge on the basis of demographic groups?
Answer: 1970s
Adult_contemporary_music

On April 7, 1979, the Easy Listening chart officially became known as Adult Contemporary, and those two words have remained consistent in the name of the chart ever since. Adult contemporary music became one of the most popular radio formats of the 1980s. The growth of AC was a natural result of the generation that first listened to the more "specialized" music of the mid-late 1970s growing older and not being interested in the heavy metal and rap/hip-hop music that a new generation helped to play a significant role in the Top 40 charts by the end of the decade.

Question: When did the Adult Contemporary chart receive its current name?
Answer: April 7, 1979

Question: What was the Adult Contemporary chart previously known as?
Answer: the Easy Listening chart

Question: Along with rap/hip-hop, what genre of music were aging listeners not as interested in?
Answer: heavy metal

Question: During what decade did adult contemporary become a very popular format for radio?
Answer: 1980s
Adult_contemporary_music

Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.

Question: Along with Richard Marx, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan, what artist was also frequently played on Contemporary Hit Radio stations?
Answer: Michael Jackson

Question: What television station was responsible for the increasing success of Contemporary Hit Radio artists on the AC charts?
Answer: MTV

Question: Along with Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John, what adult contemporary staple found it more difficult to score chart hits in the 1980s?
Answer: John Denver

Question: Who did Allmusic refer to as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond"?
Answer: Phil Collins
Adult_contemporary_music

The amount of crossover between the AC chart and the Hot 100 has varied based on how much the passing pop music trends of the times appealed to adult listeners. Not many disco or new wave songs were particularly successful on the AC chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock music featured on CHR formats later in the decade would have been unacceptable on AC radio.

Question: In the 1970s, what two genres were not particularly successful on the adult contemporary charts?
Answer: disco or new wave

Question: What genres, featured on the CHR radio format, were rarely found on adult contemporary radio?
Answer: hip-hop and harder rock music

Question: During what decade did hip-hop begin to be featured on the radio?
Answer: 1980s
Adult_contemporary_music

Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to artists like Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins and Tommy Page. No song spent more than six weeks at #1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat. Two of these were by Lionel Richie, "You Are" in 1983 and "Hello" in 1984, which also reached #1 on the Hot 100.

Question: Along with electronic pop, what type of music was the most successful in the 1980s?
Answer: ballad-oriented rock

Question: What genre did the music of Billy Ocean belong to?
Answer: soft rock

Question: What was the longest that a song spent at #1 on the adult contemporary charts in the 1980s?
Answer: six weeks

Question: In what year did Lionel Richie record "You Are"?
Answer: 1983

Question: Aside from the adult contemporary chart, on what other chart did Lionel Richie's "Hello" reach the top spot?
Answer: Hot 100
Adult_contemporary_music

In 1989, Linda Ronstadt released Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind, described by critics as "the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade", featuring American soul singer Aaron Neville on several of the twelve tracks. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major success throughout the globe. The Grammy Award-winning singles, "Don't Know Much" and "All My Life", were both long-running #1 Adult Contemporary hits. Several additional singles from the disc made the AC Top 10 as well. The album won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play.

Question: What artist issued the album known as "the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade"?
Answer: Linda Ronstadt

Question: In what year was the album Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind released?
Answer: 1989

Question: What male singer featured on several songs from Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind?
Answer: Aaron Neville

Question: What certification did Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind receive?
Answer: Triple Platinum

Question: Along with "Don't Know Much," what single won a Grammy?
Answer: "All My Life"
Adult_contemporary_music

The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence. This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles.

Question: What decade saw the emergence of alternative rock?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What happened to urban R&B in the early 1990s?
Answer: softening

Question: The resurgence of traditional pop was one of the factors that led to what change in the music market?
Answer: widening of the market
Adult_contemporary_music

Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts. Latin pop artists such as Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel also enjoyed success in the AC charts.

Question: Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?
Answer: 1980s

Question: Along with All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera and Backstreet Boys, what 90s artists were notable in the pop/R&B genre?
Answer: Savage Garden

Question: What genre of music did Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Selena, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel make?
Answer: Latin pop
Adult_contemporary_music

In addition to Celine Dion, who has had significant success on this chart, other artists with multiple number ones on the AC chart in the 1990s include Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain. Newer female singer-songwriters such as Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Jewel, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow also broke through on the AC chart during this time.

Question: What milestone did Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Michael Bolton, Whitney Houston and Shania Twain share on the 1990s adult contemporary charts?
Answer: multiple number ones

Question: Along with Sarah McLachlan, Natalie Merchant, Melissa Etheridge and Sheryl Crow, what female singer-songwriter had chart success in the 1990s?
Answer: Jewel

Question: On what chart did Whitney Houston see success?
Answer: AC
Adult_contemporary_music

In 1996, Billboard created a new chart called Adult Top 40, which reflects programming on radio stations that exists somewhere between "adult contemporary" music and "pop" music. Although they are sometimes mistaken for each other, the Adult Contemporary chart and the Adult Top 40 chart are separate charts, and songs reaching one chart might not reach the other. In addition, hot AC is another subgenre of radio programming that is distinct from the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart as it exists today, despite the apparent similarity in name.

Question: What was the name of the chart created by Billboard in 1996?
Answer: Adult Top 40

Question: Adult Top 40 represented a midpoint between what two radio formats?
Answer: "adult contemporary" music and "pop" music

Question: What chart is the Adult Top 40 chart sometimes confused with?
Answer: Adult Contemporary

Question: What radio programming genre is sometimes confused with the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart?
Answer: hot AC
Adult_contemporary_music

In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rapping), gospel music, classic soul and dance music (including disco).

Question: Who invented the term "urban adult contemporary format"?
Answer: Barry Mayo

Question: What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to?
Answer: African Americans

Question: What style of singing is absent from R&B played on urban adult contemporary format stations?
Answer: rapping

Question: Along with R&B, gospel and dance music, what type of music is represented on urban adult contemporary stations?
Answer: classic soul

Question: Urban adult contemporary music came into being because of pressure on what previously existing format?
Answer: Hot AC
Adult_contemporary_music

Another format, rhythmic AC, in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music, past and present, places a heavy emphasis on disco as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits, such as those by Amber, C&C Music Factory and Black Box, and includes dance remixes of pop songs, such as the Soul Solution mix of Toni Braxton's "Unbreak My Heart".

Question: Who performed the song "Unbreak My Heart"?
Answer: Toni Braxton

Question: What is the name of a notable dance artist along with C&C Music Factory and Black Box?
Answer: Amber

Question: What radio station format plays soft AC, hot AC, disco and dance?
Answer: rhythmic AC

Question: What artist notably remixed "Unbreak My Heart"?
Answer: Soul Solution
Adult_contemporary_music

A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."

Question: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?
Answer: senior vice president for adult music

Question: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?
Answer: RCA Music Group

Question: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?
Answer: Corey Moss

Question: Where was Corey Moss' article published?
Answer: MTV's website

Question: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?
Answer: after the hits had become established
Adult_contemporary_music

With the mixture of radio friendly AC tunes with some rock and pop fare also landing on the pop charts, mainstream songs won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. Part of the reason why more and more hot AC stations are forced to change is that less and less new music fits their bill; most new rock is too alternative for mainstream radio and most new pop is now influenced heavily by dance-pop and electronic dance music.

Question: Who have hot AC format radio stations had to change the music they play?
Answer: less and less new music fits their bill

Question: By what two genres are modern pop songs heavily influenced?
Answer: dance-pop and electronic dance music

Question: Why is new rock not suitable for mainstream radio?
Answer: too alternative
Adult_contemporary_music

A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.

Question: What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of "Heaven"?
Answer: the "Candlelight Mix"

Question: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?
Answer: D.H.T.

Question: Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"?
Answer: Cascada

Question: What artist performed the song "Forget You"?
Answer: Cee Lo Green

Question: What version of P!nk's "Perfect" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011?
Answer: edited
Adult_contemporary_music

While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.

Question: Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?
Answer: Michael Bublé

Question: What sort of sound does the music of Susan Boyle have?
Answer: ballad heavy

Question: Along with Faith Hill, Shania Twain and LeAnn Rimes, what country artist has had adult contemporary hits?
Answer: Carrie Underwood

Question: What genre of music has soft AC found common ground with? 
Answer: country
Adult_contemporary_music

Since the mid-2000s, the mainstreaming of bands like Wilco and Feist have pushed indie rock into the adult contemporary conversation. In the early 2010s, indie musicians like Imagine Dragons, Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, The Lumineers and Ed Sheeran also had indie songs that crossed over to the adult contemporary charts.

Question: What genre of music are bands like Feist and Wilco?
Answer: indie rock

Question: Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?
Answer: Imagine Dragons

Question: In what decade did indie musicians first began getting attention from the adult contemporary audience?
Answer: 2000s