Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Education

The conventional merit-system degree is currently not as common in open education as it is in campus universities, although some open universities do already offer conventional degrees such as the Open University in the United Kingdom. Presently, many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate. Due to the popularity of open education, these new kind of academic certificates are gaining more respect and equal "academic value" to traditional degrees. Many open universities are working to have the ability to offer students standardized testing and traditional degrees and credentials. A culture is beginning to form around distance learning for people who are looking to social connections enjoyed on traditional campuses. For example, students may create study groups, meetups and movements such as UnCollege.

Question: What is not as common in open education?
Answer: merit-system degree

Question: Which University offers conventional degrees? 
Answer: Open University in the United Kingdom

Question: What do most open education sources offer?
Answer: own form of certificate

Question: What is common in open education?

Question:  Which University do not offer conventional degrees?

Question:  What do open education sources never offer?

Question: What do not have equal academic value?

Question: What is no longer forming around distance learning?
Education

Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have indicated that the main obstacles to funding for education include conflicting donor priorities, an immature aid architecture, and a lack of evidence and advocacy for the issue. Additionally, Transparency International has identified corruption in the education sector as a major stumbling block to achieving Universal Primary Education in Africa. Furthermore, demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as foreigners have expected. Indigenous governments are reluctant to take on the ongoing costs involved. There is also economic pressure from some parents, who prefer their children to earn money in the short term rather than work towards the long-term benefits of education.[citation needed]

Question: What does Universal Primary Education belong to?
Answer: international Millennium Development Goals

Question: What is one issue that hurts Universal Primary Education?
Answer: charitable funding

Question: Which organization has discovered corruption in the educator sector?
Answer: Transparency International

Question: What does Universal Primary Education not belong to?

Question:  What is one issue that helps Universal Primary Education?

Question: Which organization has not had corruption in the educator sector?

Question: What parents do not give pressure to their children for schooling?

Question: Who should earn money in the long term instead of short term?
Education

Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. The global campus online, led by American universities, allows free access to class materials and lecture files recorded during the actual classes.

Question: What has come from similarities in systems?
Answer: increase in international student exchanges

Question: Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe?
Answer: The European Socrates-Erasmus Program

Question: Which group provides opportunities for Eastern Europe and Asia exchange students?
Answer: The Soros Foundation

Question: What has come from differences in systems?

Question:  Which program facilitates the exchange students across Asia?

Question:  Which group provides opportunities for Northern Europe exchange students?

Question: What country does not lead global campuses online?
Education

Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach disadvantaged groups, provide quality education, support or undermine equality, and are financially sustainable. The report examined the main challenges encountered by development organisations which support LCPSs. Surveys suggest these types of schools are expanding across Africa and Asia. This success is attributed to excess demand. These surveys found concern for:

Question: What does LCPS stand for?
Answer: low cost private schools

Question: What was the reason for the polarisation for affordable schooling?
Answer: disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor

Question: Where are these types of school spreading across?
Answer: Africa and Asia

Question:  What does LCPS not stand for?

Question:  What was the reason for the polarisation for non-affordable schooling?

Question: Where are these types of school not spreading across?

Question: What is the failure attributed to?

Question: What did not reach disadvantaged groups?
Education

Some claim that there is education inequality because children did not exceed the education of their parents. This education inequality is then associated with income inequality. Although critical thinking is a goal of education, criticism and blame are often the unintended by products of our current educational process. Students often blame their teachers and their textbooks, despite the availability of libraries and the internet. When someone tries to improve education, the educational establishment itself occasionally showers the person with criticism rather than gratitude. Better by products of an educational system would be gratitude and determination.

Question: What are some of the claims being pointed towards education inequality?
Answer: children did not exceed the education of their parents

Question: Who do students often blame for their education short comings?
Answer: teachers and their textbooks

Question: What happens when someone tries to improve education?
Answer: the educational establishment itself occasionally showers the person with criticism rather than gratitude

Question: What are some of the claims being pointed towards education equality?

Question:  Who do students never blame for their education short comings?

Question:  What happens when someone doesn't try to improve education?

Question: What is not a goal of education?

Question: What are the intended products of our current educational process?
Education

Developed countries have people with more resources (housing, food, transportation, water and sewage treatment, hospitals, health care, libraries, books, media, schools, the internet, education, etc.) than most of the world's population. One merely needs to see through travel or the media how many people in the undeveloped countries live to sense this. However, one can also use economic data to gain some insight into this. Yet criticism and blame are common among people in the developed countries.

Question: What is the discrepancy between Developed and less developed countries?
Answer: Developed countries have people with more resources

Question: What resources do developed countries have better access to?
Answer: housing, food, transportation

Question: What is common in developed countries?
Answer: criticism and blame

Question: What is not a discrepancy between Developed and less developed countries?

Question: What is not an example of a resource?

Question: What resources do undeveloped countries have better access to?

Question:  What is common in undeveloped countries?

Question: How can people see developed countries?
Education

Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is a will, there is a way. People in developed countries have the will and the way to do many things that they want to do. They sometimes need more determination and will to improve and to educate themselves with the resources that are abundantly available. They occasionally need more gratitude for the resources they have, including their teachers and their textbooks. The entire internet is also available to supplement these teachers and textbooks.

Question: What is one good trait about students from developed countries?
Answer: have the will and the way to do many things

Question: What use of technology can greatly supplement how teachers teach in the classroom?
Answer: internet

Question: What do students also need occasionally before putting blame on teachers?
Answer: gratitude for the resources they have

Question: What is one good trait about students from undeveloped countries?

Question: What use of technology does not supplement how teachers teach in the classroom?

Question: What do students also need occasionally after putting blame on teachers?

Question: The internet cannot supplement what resources in school?
Education

Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Although the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are often used interchangeably, researchers and theorists are likely to be identified as educational psychologists, whereas practitioners in schools or school-related settings are identified as school psychologists. Educational psychology is concerned with the processes of educational attainment in the general population and in sub-populations such as gifted children and those with specific disabilities.

Question: What is the meaning of Education psychology?
Answer: the study of how humans learn in educational settings

Question: What is also used interchangeably  with Education psychology?
Answer: school psychology

Question: Who are likely to be identified as educational psychologist?
Answer: researchers and theorists

Question: What is educational psychology concerned with?
Answer: the processes of educational attainment

Question: What is the study of how humans do not learn?

Question:  What term is not used interchangeably with the term education psychology?

Question: What are not identified as educational psychologist?

Question:  What does educational psychology not study?

Question: What is not a sub-population?
Education

Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialties within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education and classroom management. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks (Lucas, Blazek, & Raley, 2006).

Question: How can Educational psychology in part be understood?
Answer: through its relationship with other disciplines

Question: How is the method of educational psychology have some relation to medicine and biology?
Answer: discipline analogous

Question: Where does education psychology draw from?
Answer: contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences

Question: In universities where are the departments of educational psychology normally held?
Answer: faculties of education

Question: How does educational psychology go misunderstood?

Question:  Where does education psychology not get inspiration from?

Question: where are the departments of educational psychology never held?

Question: What is not an example of a specialty within educational studies?
Education

Intelligence is an important factor in how the individual responds to education. Those who have higher intelligence tend to perform better at school and go on to higher levels of education. This effect is also observable in the opposite direction, in that education increases measurable intelligence. Studies have shown that while educational attainment is important in predicting intelligence in later life, intelligence at 53 is more closely correlated to intelligence at 8 years old than to educational attainment.

Question: What is important for a student in education?
Answer: Intelligence

Question: What does education increase in a student?
Answer: measurable intelligence

Question: What is intelligence at 53 more closely related to?
Answer: intelligence at 8

Question: What is not important for a student in education?

Question:  What does education decrease in a student?

Question:  What is intelligence at 53 less related to?

Question: What level of education do those who do not perform well at school go to?
Education

Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment, at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli recommended varying teaching strategies. Howard Gardner identified a wide range of modalities in his Multiple Intelligences theories. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Keirsey Temperament Sorter, based on the works of Jung, focus on understanding how people's personality affects the way they interact personally, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment. The work of David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's Type Delineator follows a similar but more simplified approach.

Question: Who focused on identifying stimuli that can influence learning?
Answer: Dunn

Question: Who also along with Dunn recommended other teaching studies?
Answer: Joseph Renzulli

Question: Who created the Type Delineator?
Answer: David Kolb and Anthony Gregorc's

Question:  Who discredited identifying stimuli that can influence learning?

Question:  Who also along with Dunn discouraged other teaching studies?

Question:  Who disagreed with the Type Delineator?

Question: Whose work was the Keirsey Temperament Sorter not based on?

Question: Who did not recommend varying strategies?
Education

Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic(VAK) are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued "there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice."

Question: What do some theories believe?
Answer: that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities

Question: What should be included in effective teaching?
Answer: teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities

Question: What do some theories disagree with?

Question:  What should not be included in effective teaching?

Question: Who believes learning styles are helpful?

Question: Who prefers to label children by learning style?

Question: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic are helpful to do what?
Education

As an academic field, philosophy of education is "the philosophical study of education and its problems (...) its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy". "The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline." As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few. For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between education theory and practice.

Question: What can Philosophy education be when we talk about the process?
Answer: philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education

Question: What defines Philosophy education?
Answer: the philosophical study of education and its problems

Question: What fields make up field education and a field applied philosophy?
Answer: metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches

Question:  What does not define philosophy education?

Question: What fields do not make up field education?

Question: What does not draw from fields of metaphysics?

Question: What study does not constitute as upbringing and education?
Education

Instruction is the facilitation of another's learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be called teachers, instructors, or professors, depending on the type of institution; and they primarily teach only their specific discipline. Studies from the United States suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most important factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score highly on international tests have multiple policies in place to ensure that the teachers they employ are as effective as possible. With the passing of NCLB in the United States (No Child Left Behind), teachers must be highly qualified. A popular way to gauge teaching performance is to use student evaluations of teachers (SETS), but these evaluations have been criticized for being counterproductive to learning and inaccurate due to student bias.

Question: What is another term used for instructors?
Answer: teachers

Question: What are the main subjects that are covered by the instructor?
Answer: reading, writing, mathematics, science and history

Question: In the United States what is considered the single most important factor in a child's education?
Answer: quality of teachers

Question: What is the opposite term used for instructors?

Question:  What are not main subjects covered by teachers?

Question: what is considered the least important factor in a child's education?

Question: What is an unpopular way to gauge teaching performance?

Question: Teachers don't have to be qualified because of what movement in the US?
Education

It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of "human capital". Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills.

Question: What is the theory behind Empirical analyses?
Answer: poor countries should grow faster than rich countries

Question: What has been argued about high rates in education?
Answer: essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth

Question: What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education?
Answer: requires knowledgeable managers and engineers

Question: What is the theory not behind Empirical analyses?

Question: What countries grow slower than rich countries?

Question: Why don't poor countries go quickly?

Question: What is never needed with technology transfer?
Education

At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impact of schooling. Some students who have indicated a high potential for learning, by testing with a high intelligence quotient, may not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties.[citation needed]

Question: Literature on how earnings and how it relates to schooling was greatly influenced by who?
Answer: Jacob Mincer

Question: This view of how schooling and earnings has sparked a lot of studies, but what else has it brought up?
Answer: is also controversial

Question: What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings?
Answer: not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties

Question: Who did not influence earnings related to school?

Question: What view is not controversial?

Question: Why do some kids achieve their full academic potential easily?

Question: Students who face financial difficulties might also do what?
Tennessee

Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; and Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis.

Question: What is Tennessee's primary non-meat agricultural product?
Answer: soybeans

Question: Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in the United States?
Answer: Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Question: What trail forms part of the border Tennessee shares with North Carolina?
Answer: Appalachian Trail

Question: Which Tennessee city hosts the state's most famous aquarium?
Answer: Chattanooga

Question: What tourist attraction is located in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee?
Answer: Dollywood
Tennessee

Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia, the name refers to volunteers for the Mexican–American War. This explanation is more likely, because President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War resulted in 30,000 volunteers from Tennessee alone, largely in response to the death of Davy Crockett and appeals by former Tennessee Governor and now Texas politician, Sam Houston.

Question: By what nickname is Tennessee officially known?
Answer: Volunteer State

Question: Which major conflict that included the Battle of New Orleans is said to have given Tennessee its nickname?
Answer: War of 1812

Question: What conflict overseen by President Polk might be the source of Tennessee's nickname?
Answer: Mexican–American War

Question: How many volunteers did Tennessee send to the Mexican-American War?
Answer: 30,000

Question: Which local icon's death inspired many of the Tennessee volunteers during the Mexican-American War?
Answer: Davy Crockett
Tennessee

Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.

Question: What is the most common climate across Tennessee?
Answer: humid subtropical

Question: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?
Answer: humid subtropical

Question: Which mountains contain those parts of Tennessee with a temperate climate?
Answer: Appalachians

Question: Which body of ocean water affects Tennessee's climate the most?
Answer: Gulf of Mexico

Question: Which range of months is Tennessee's wettest?
Answer: between December and April

Question: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?
Answer: 50
Tennessee

In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage. In January 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican elected as Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction, as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century, with Republicans now elected by conservative voters, who previously had supported Democrats.

Question: Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?
Answer: Phil Bredesen

Question: Which Tennessee Senator was the only Republican first-time Senator elected in 2006?
Answer: Bob Corker

Question: Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era?
Answer: Ron Ramsey

Question: Which political party did the majority of conservative Tennessee voters support in the early 20th century?
Answer: Democratic
Tennessee

Local law enforcement is divided between County Sheriff's Offices and Municipal Police Departments. Tennessee's Constitution requires that each County have an elected Sheriff. In 94 of the 95 counties the Sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the county and has jurisdiction over the county as a whole. Each Sheriff's Office is responsible for warrant service, court security, jail operations and primary law enforcement in the unincorporated areas of a county as well as providing support to the municipal police departments. Incorporated municipalities are required to maintain a police department to provide police services within their corporate limits.

Question: Each Tennessee county must elect which law enforcement official?
Answer: Sheriff

Question: Which law enforcement entity serves warrants in Tennessee?
Answer: Sheriff's Office

Question: Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas?
Answer: County Sheriff

Question: Who polices incorporated areas of Tennessee's counties?
Answer: Municipal Police Departments

Question: What proportion of Tennessee counties recognize their Sheriff as their head law enforcement official?
Answer: 94 of the 95
Tennessee

Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).

Question: What method did Tennessee use for capital punishment before 1913?
Answer: hanging

Question: In which year was electrocution introduced as Tennessee's method of execution?
Answer: 1916

Question: How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?
Answer: 125

Question: How many inmates has Tennessee executed since 2000?
Answer: six

Question: How many death row inmates were awaiting executing in Tennessee in April 2015?
Answer: 73
Tennessee

In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932. The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team has won four SEC championships and reached the NCAA Elite Eight in 2010. In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles.

Question: What is the nickname of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville athletic teams?
Answer: Volunteers

Question: In which year did the University of Tennessee begin competing in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA?
Answer: 1932

Question: How many college football bowl championships have the Tennessee Volunteers won?
Answer: 25

Question: What is the farthest the Tennessee Volunteers have progressed in the NCAA men's basketball tournament?
Answer: Elite Eight

Question: How many national titles has the Tennessee Volunteers women's basketball team claimed?
Answer: 8
Post-punk

Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual assault" on rock tradition. Artists embraced electronic music, black dance styles and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists liberally drew on sources such as critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature. Accompanying these musical developments were subcultures that produced visual art, multimedia performances, independent record labels and fanzines in conjunction with the music.

Question: When did post-punk arrive on the scene?
Answer: in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s

Question: What did post-punk artists use in their music?
Answer: critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature

Question: What began to spring up around the post-punk music?
Answer: independent record labels and fanzines

Question: How did post-punk take on rock and roll?
Answer: conceptual assault

Question: When was the original punk movement?
Answer: 1970s

Question: What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?
Answer: Post-punk

Question: What elements of punk rock did post-punk depart from?
Answer: musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations

Question: What subject matter does post-punk commonly mesh its musical sensibilities with?
Answer: art and politics

Question: What developed along with the music developments of post-punk?
Answer: subcultures

Question: What type of music developed from rock music?

Question: What tradition did post-punk embrace?

Question: What music conventions did post-punk draw insperation from?

Question: What did Punk artist embrace?

Question: How did Post-Punk take on Punk music?

Question: What elements of punk rock did post-punk have in common?

Question: When did the popularity of post-punk end?

Question: What did punk music have that wasn't included in post-punk music?

Question: What type of rock music has no variation in sound?

Question: What subject matter is avoided in post-punk music?
Post-punk

The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas. Many of these artists, initially inspired by punk's DIY ethic and energy, ultimately became disillusioned with the style and movement, feeling that it had fallen into commercial formula, rock convention and self-parody. They repudiated its populist claims to accessibility and raw simplicity, instead seeing an opportunity to break with musical tradition, subvert commonplaces and challenge audiences. Artists moved beyonds punk's focus on the concerns of a largely white, male, working class population and abandoned its continued reliance on established rock and roll tropes, such as three-chord progressions and Chuck Berry-based guitar riffs. These artists instead defined punk as "an imperative to constant change", believing that "radical content demands radical form".

Question: Who coined the term post-punk?
Answer: journalists in the late 1970s

Question: What dis the new term, post-punk, cover?
Answer: groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas

Question: What inspired early post-punk artists?
Answer: punk's DIY ethic and energy

Question: Why did post-punk fall out of love with punk?
Answer: commercial formula, rock convention and self-parody

Question: What did the new post-punk artists believe?
Answer: "radical content demands radical form"

Question: Who were the first to use the term "post-punk"?
Answer: journalists

Question: When was "post-punk" first used to start describing artists?
Answer: late 1970s

Question: What were many post-punk artists originally inspired by?
Answer: punk's DIY ethic and energy

Question: How many chords did standard punk songs typically use?
Answer: three

Question: What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do?
Answer: change

Question: Who was falsely rumored to have coined the term post-punk?

Question: Why were the artists not initially inspired?

Question: How many chords are never used in punk music?

Question: What did post-punk artists have difficulty with supporting?

Question: When was the term punk first used?
Post-punk

Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles such as dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde. While post-punk musicians often avoided or intentionally obscured conventional influences, previous musical styles did serve as touchstones for the movement, including particular brands of glam, art rock and "[the] dark undercurrent of '60s music".[nb 1] According to Reynolds, artists once again approached the studio as an instrument, using new recording methods and pursuing novel sonic territories. Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".

Question: What were the things that post-punk really got into?
Answer: experimentation with production techniques

Question: What are non-rock styles that post-punk used as inspiration?
Answer: dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde

Question: What aesthetic did Matthew Bannister associate with post-punk?
Answer: avant-garde

Question: What music did post-punk end to reject?
Answer: high cultural references of 1960s rock artists

Question: As a movement, post-punk has been characterized by its conceptual assault on what conventions?
Answer: rock

Question: What does post-punk reject any of which are perceived as being traditionalist, hegemonic, or rockist?
Answer: aesthetics

Question: What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards?
Answer: experimentation

Question: How did post-punk artists once again approach the studio?
Answer: as an instrument

Question: What references did post-punk artists specifically reject of the 1960s rock artists?
Answer: high cultural

Question: What movement was characterized by its "conceptualassult" on punk conventions?

Question: What are rock styles that post-punk used for insperation?

Question: What aesthetic did Mathew Bannister associate with punk?

Question: What did punk asrtist embrace from 1960's rock?

Question: What music styles where rejected by post-punk?

Question: What was something nobody in post-punk focused on?

Question: What aesthetic did Matthew Bannister not associate with post-punk?

Question: What did post-punk artists support most?

Question: What type of music did post-punk inspire most?
Post-punk

Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music". The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts. Artists sought to refuse the common distinction between high and low culture and returned to the art school tradition found in the work of artists such as Captain Beefheart and David Bowie. Among major influences on a variety of post-punk artists were writers such as William S. Burroughs and J.G. Ballard, avant-garde political scenes such as Situationism and Dada, and intellectual movements such as postmodernism. Many artists viewed their work in explicitly political terms. Additionally, in some locations, the creation of post-punk music was closely linked to the development of efficacious subcultures, which played important roles in the production of art, multimedia performances, fanzines and independent labels related to the music. Many post-punk artists maintained an anti-corporatist approach to recording and instead seized on alternate means of producing and releasing music. Journalists also became an important element of the culture, and popular music magazines and critics became immersed in the movement.

Question: How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk?
Answer: fusion of art and music

Question: Which artists were influential in post-punk?
Answer: Captain Beefheart and David Bowie

Question: Which writers helped to influence the post-punk movement?
Answer: William S. Burroughs and J.G. Ballard

Question: What was an intellectual focus of post-punk?
Answer: postmodernism

Question: How did the post-punk movement feel about big business?
Answer: anti-corporatist

Question: What was Nicholas Lezard's description of post-punk?
Answer: "a fusion of art and music"

Question: Where did post-punk ram its appropriation of ideas into?
Answer: musical and pop cultural contexts

Question: What tradition could be found in works by Captain Beefheart and David Bowie?
Answer: art school

Question: What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists?
Answer: postmodernism

Question: Why did many post-punk artists produce and release their own music?
Answer: anti-corporatist

Question: What does L.G Ballard describes post-punk  as?

Question: What did artists want to make a distinction between?

Question: What disciplines appropriated ideas from post-punk?

Question: What writers were influenced by the post-punk movement?

Question: What culture did journalists not participate in?

Question: How did Nicholas Lezard  refuse to describe post-punk?

Question: Which artists did not influence post-punk?

Question: What was not an intellectual focus of post-punk?

Question: Why did post-punk artists never produce and release their own music?

Question: Who was not an important element of the culture?
Post-punk

The scope of the term "post-punk" has been subject to controversy. While some critics, such as AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, have employed the term "post-punk" to denote "a more adventurous and arty form of punk", others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any unifying style. Music journalist and post-punk scholar Simon Reynolds has advocated that post-punk be conceived as "less a genre of music than a space of possibility", suggesting that "what unites all this activity is a set of open-ended imperatives: innovation; willful oddness; the willful jettisoning of all things precedented or 'rock'n'roll'". Nicholas Lezard, problematizing the categorization of post-punk as a genre, described the movement as "so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible".

Question: Who described post-punk as "a more adventurous and arty form of punk"?
Answer: Stephen Thomas Erlewine

Question: Who described post-punk as  "less a genre of music than a space of possibility"?
Answer: Simon Reynolds

Question: Who said "so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible" with regards to post-punk?
Answer: Nicholas Lezard

Question: Who does music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine work for?
Answer: AllMusic

Question: What as the blanket term "post-punk" been the target of?
Answer: controversy

Question: What organization is Stephen Thomas Erlewine associated with?
Answer: AllMusic

Question: What have some people suggested post-punk doesn't have, instead being more about approaches and sensibilities?
Answer: unifying style

Question: Why type of scholar is music journalist Simon Reynolds?
Answer: post-punk

Question: Why is only the broadest use of genre possible when trying to categorize what actually defines post-punk?
Answer: multifarious

Question: Who described post-punk as "a less adventutous and arty form of punk"

Question: What did Nicholas Lezard say post-punk was more of?

Question: What did Simon Reynold describe as multifarious?

Question: Who does the music critic Nicholas Lezard work for?

Question: What is Stephen Thomas Erlwine a scholar of?

Question: What has the term "post-punk" never been the focus of?

Question: Who never employed the term "post-punk"?

Question: Who suggested that post-punk be conceived as "more a genre of music than a space of possibility"?

Question: Who never cared about the categorization of post-punk as a genre?
Post-punk

Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles. Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix "post" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement. Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984.

Question: What is post-punk?
Answer: music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s

Question: What else was music incorrectly catagorized into before post-punk?
Answer: new wave music

Question: Why is the term post-punk sometimes disputed?
Answer: various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement

Question: What is the acctepted era of post-punk?
Answer: between 1978 and 1984

Question: What previous movement is post-punk often identified as coming after?
Answer: punk rock

Question: What were many groups now labeled as post-punk initially categorized as?
Answer: punk or new wave music

Question: Why has the prefix 'post' caused a bit of dispute as it relates to various post-punk groups?
Answer: predate the punk rock movement

Question: Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was?
Answer: Reynolds

Question: Between what years did Reynolds identify the post-punk era as existing?
Answer: 1978 and 1984

Question: What do various groups say predated post punk?

Question: Between what years did the punk movement occur?

Question: What were groups categorized as post-punk later changed to?

Question: Who said the post punk era occurred in the 80s?

Question: What is post-punk not defined as?

Question: What else was music correctly catagorized into before post-punk?

Question: Which years was the punk era between?

Question: Which prefix was never disputed?
Post-punk

During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.

Question: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?
Answer: Rough Trade

Question: Who founded Factory?
Answer: Tony Wilson

Question: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?
Answer: 1977

Question: Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?
Answer: Buzzcocks

Question: When did the indoe music scene begin to grow?
Answer: mid-1980s

Question: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?
Answer: independent record labels

Question: Who founded the record label Rough Trade?
Answer: Geoff Travis

Question: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?
Answer: Manchester

Question: When did some groups start looking for methods to release their music themselves?
Answer: 1977

Question: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?
Answer: their own

Question: What was started by people interested in national punk influenced music?

Question: What do group stop doing by 1977?

Question: What music scene developed in the 70s as a result of the postpunk DIY imperative?

Question: Where was Geoff Travis's Factory based?

Question: Who released their Spiral Scratch EP on the Rough Trade label?

Question: What year was independent music considered the least popular?

Question: Who wasn't interested during the initial punk era?

Question: When did the post-punk era first begin?

Question: Who never released music on their own label?

Question: What record label was never independent?