Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Human_Development_Index

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

Question: The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?
Answer: national performance and ranking

Question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?
Answer: Western

Question: The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development?
Answer: global

Question: Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?
Answer: egalitarianism

Question: The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?

Question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development?

Question: The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment?

Question:  Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?
Human_Development_Index

Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.

Question: How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI?
Answer: three

Question: In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report?
Answer: 2010

Question: Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011?
Answer: The Economist

Question: How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI?

Question:  In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report?

Question: Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012?
Human_Development_Index

The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.

Question: How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI?
Answer: 182

Question: How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI?
Answer: 169

Question: How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI?

Question:  How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI?
Human_Development_Index

Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data.

Question: What represents not changing rank?

Question: What is relative to the HDI list?
Human_Development_Index

Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report.

Question: What dashes do not represent changes in rank?

Question: What was published in 2001?
Human_Development_Index

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

Question: What is the abbreviation for "very low human development"

Question: What does HDMI mean?
Human_Development_Index

The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):

Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report?
Human_Development_Index

Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI data for 2010 – published in the 2011 report (p. 131).

Question: What arrows do not represent changes in rank
Human_Development_Index

Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

Question: What does HIMI stand for?

Question: What's the abbreviation for Human non development index?
Human_Development_Index

Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.

Question: What dashes do not represent changes in rank?
Human_Development_Index

Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados.

Question: Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?
Human_Development_Index

Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.

Question: What arrows do not represent changes in rank?
Human_Development_Index

Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member, unable, or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.

Question: Why were all countries included?
Southern_Europe

Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.

Question: What is another term for southern Europe
Answer: Mediterranean Europe

Question: What is the name for the stretch of land on which Spain and Portugal are located?
Answer: Iberian peninsula

Question: What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?
Answer: Balkan countries

Question: What area of France is considered a part of Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: southern France

Question: What is the name for the stretch of land on which France and Greece are located

Question: What is another name for northern Europe

Question: What peninsulas are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?

Question: What area of France is considered a part of the Balkan countries?

Question: What countries have the same historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds as the rest of southern Europe?
Southern_Europe

Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.

Question: What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern Europe?
Answer: political, economic, and cultural attributes

Question: What are three aspects of the environment of southern Europe that can be used to distinguish the region?
Answer: geography, climate, and flora

Question: What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features?

Question: What are three aspects of the environment of Southern Asia that can be used to distinguish the region?

Question: What can be defined by its industries?

Question: What area is defined by it's genealogy?

Question: What methods can be used to define the southern Mediterranean?
Southern_Europe

Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.

Question: What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?
Answer: The Mediterranean climate

Question: Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?
Answer: Western and Southern coastal regions

Question: What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?
Answer: vegetations and landscapes

Question: What climate is that of all of Europe?

Question: What countries have varying vegetations and landscapes?

Question: Which parts of Greece are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?

Question: What are two broad categories of similarity among forests which have a Mediterranean climate?

Question: What kind of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean?
Southern_Europe

Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.

Question: Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?
Answer: mountain ranges of Spain and Italy

Question: Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?
Answer: north coast of Spain

Question: What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?
Answer: Atlantic climate

Question: Where do colder areas occur within northern Europe?

Question: Where are dry areas found in southern Europe?

Question: What term can be used to describe the wet area of Northern Europe?

Question: The east coast of Spain experiences what kind of climate?

Question: Where have cooler climates recently began to warm up?
Southern_Europe

Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.

Question: What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?
Answer: phytochoria

Question: Who coined the term phytochoria?
Answer: Armen Takhtajan

Question: Who coined the term Submediterranean?

Question: What is a word that can be used to describe the animal life of southern Europe?

Question: What is found on the southern coast of Bosnia?

Question: In what region are southern Europe's coasts found?

Question: Where are the arctic and subarctic climate regions in Europe found?
Southern_Europe

The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.

Question: What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?
Answer: classical antiquity

Question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?
Answer: city-states

Question: Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?
Answer: Alexander the Great

Question: What era started when Alexander the Great became a self governing entity?

Question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Asia?

Question: Who was responsible for bringing Asian culture to the Greek?

Question: Where did Alexander go to spread city-states?

Question: What period began with Alexander the Great?
Southern_Europe

The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

Question: Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Rome

Question: Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Answer: Constantinople

Question: Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Germanic

Question: What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?
Answer: AD 476

Question: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?
Answer: 300 AD

Question: What empire dominated northern Europe?

Question: Where was the headquarters of the northern Roman Empire?

Question: Where were the headquarters of the Germanic Roman Empire?

Question: Which tribes built up the Western Roman Empire?

Question: By what year was the Germanic Empire split into two sections?
Southern_Europe

During the Middle Ages, the Eastern Roman Empire survived, though modern historians refer to this state as the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own.

Question: What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire

Question: Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: Germanic peoples

Question: What did Germanic people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: kingdoms and empires of their own

Question: What is the Western Roman Empire in the Middle ages called by contemporary scholars?

Question: Who took over the remains of the Eastern Roman Empire?

Question: What did Roman people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?

Question: What Empire was located in Western Europe?

Question: What empire doubled in size during the middle ages?
Southern_Europe

The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe. Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire. Though it would later be re-established, it would never recover its former glory. The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. The Reconquista, a related movement, worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom.

Question: What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?
Answer: the Crusades

Question: When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?
Answer: 1204

Question: Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders?
Answer: Genoa and Venice

Question: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?
Answer: The Reconquista

Question: What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire

Question: What is the name of the period of peaceful incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?

Question: When did the Byzantine Empire invade Constantinople?

Question: Which two cities were demolished by the crusaders?

Question: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occurring in the eastern Mediterranean?

Question: What empire was destroyed Christian Rule?
Southern_Europe

The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Question: What era was characterized by turmoil in Europe?
Answer: The Late Middle Ages

Question: What disease plagued Europe during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: the Black Death

Question: Which new regime appeared in the Balkan region during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Question: When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?
Answer: 1453

Question: What era was characterized by the Ottoman Empire?

Question: What disease plagued former Byzatine lands in the Late Middle Ages?

Question: Which new regime appeared in the Constantinople region during the Late Middle Ages?

Question: When did the Ottoman Empire liberate Constantinople from the Balkans?

Question: What kept states of Europe in a famine?
Southern_Europe

Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge.

Question: When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?
Answer: 14th century

Question: In what city did the Renaissance begin?
Answer: Florence

Question: What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?
Answer: science and theology

Question: The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?
Answer: Greek and Roman

Question: When was the start of the period known as Greek and Roman?

Question: What city discovered lost Arabic texts?

Question: What areas of knowledge stagnated during the Renaissance?

Question: The encounter with the Florence printing press put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which civilizations?

Question: What brought about rediscovery of printing press knowledge?
Southern_Europe

The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. The Spanish crown maintained its hegemony in Europe and was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which ended a conflict between Spain and France that had begun during the Thirty Years' War. An unprecedented series of major wars and political revolutions took place around Europe and indeed the world in the period between 1610 and 1700. Observers at the time, and many historians since, have argued that wars caused the revolutions. Galileo Galilei, invented the telescope and the thermometer which allowed him to observe and describe the solar system. Leonardo da Vinci painted the most famous work in the world. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio.

Question: Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista?
Answer: Portugal and Spain

Question: When did religious conflict end in Europe?
Answer: 1648

Question: Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed?
Answer: Spain and France

Question: Which scientist developed a means of viewing space?
Answer: Galileo Galilei

Question: Who was responsible for creating the first radio?
Answer: Guglielmo Marconi

Question: Which countries initiated the Peace of Westphalia following the Reconquista?

Question: When did revolutions end in Europe?

Question: Between which two nations was the Thirty Years's War signed?

Question: Which scientist developed a means of ending wars?

Question: Who was responsible for creating the most famous continent?
Southern_Europe

European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture.

Question: What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?
Answer: the rise of colonial empires

Question: What institution of mercantilism was established with New World colonies?
Answer: the Columbian Exchange

Question: What replaced agriculture as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?
Answer: the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain

Question: What resulted from Europe's Columbian exchange?

Question: What institution of mercantilism was established with Great Britain?

Question: What replaced colonial empires as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?

Question: Aside from the activities of colonies what other even fostered the transition from manufacturing to agriculture?

Question: What allowed a new economy based on subsistence agriculture?
Southern_Europe

The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.

Question: When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments?
Answer: between 1815 and 1871

Question: From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Question: In what year was Rome conquered?
Answer: 1870

Question: What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands?
Answer: The Age of Empire

Question: When were there many struggles for Italy?

Question: From whom did nation Roman start retaking their independence?

Question: What year was known as The Age of the Empire?

Question: What ended the Papal revolutionary attempt?

Question: What phrase is used to describe the period marked by nation states?
Southern_Europe

The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides. The Allies defeated the Central Powers in 1918. During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles.

Question: In what year did World War I begin?
Answer: 1914

Question: When did a victor emerge in World War I?
Answer: 1918

Question: At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?
Answer: the Paris Peace Conference

Question: In what year did World War II begin?

Question: When did a stalemate occur in World War I?

Question: At what event did the major Central Powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?

Question: What is an example of a treaty precipitated by the rise of nationalism?

Question: Who imposed their ideas about climate control?
Southern_Europe

The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. Yugoslavia was neutal.

Question: Which group took control in 1933?
Answer: The Nazi regime

Question: Who led the Nazis?
Answer: Adolf Hitler

Question: Which country did Hitler align Germany with?
Answer: Italy

Question: Who was the leader of Italy when World War II started?
Answer: Mussolini

Question: What was the military partnership between countries aligned with the Soviet Union called?
Answer: the Warsaw Pact

Question: Which group was dominated by the Soviet Unioin in 1933?

Question: Which country did Hitler form the European Economic Community with?

Question: Who was the leader of the continent when World War II started?

Question: What was the military partnership between countries aligned with Yugoslavia called?

Question: What divided the Nazi regime?
Southern_Europe

Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).

Question: What does EU stand for?
Answer: European Union

Question: What was the European Union tasked with managing?
Answer: market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism

Question: When did communism fall in allies of the Soviet Union?
Answer: 1989

Question: When did the USSR dissolve?
Answer: 1991

Question: In what year was Croatia admitted to the European Union?
Answer: 2013

Question: What Soviet Union tasked with managing?

Question: When did democracy fall in allies of the Soviet Union?

Question: When did the EU dissovle?

Question: In what year was Croatia admitted to the communist party?

Question: What involved the division of formerly communist European countries?
Southern_Europe

The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.

Question: What is the most common group of languages spoken in Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: Romance languages

Question: What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Italian speakers can be found?
Answer: Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican

Question: Where can people who speak Catalan be found?
Answer: eastern Spain

Question: What language is spoken in northwest Spain?
Answer: Galician

Question: How many people in Spain and Gibraltar are Spanish speakers?
Answer: over 40 million

Question: What is the most common group of languages spoken in Catalan?

Question: What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Latin speakers can be found?

Question: How many people in Spain and France are Spanish speakers?

Question: How many people speak Italian in Europe?

Question: What languages are emblematic of northern Europe?
Southern_Europe

The Hellenic languages or Greek language are widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus. Additionally, other varieties of Greek are spoken in small communities in parts of other European counties.

Question: What is another term for Greek?
Answer: Hellenic

Question: Outside of Greece itself, in what other nation is Greek a major language?
Answer: Cyprus

Question: What is another term for Cyprus?

Question: In what other nation is Icelandic a major language?

Question: Where are small varieties of Latin spoken in small communities?

Question: In what country is Greek spoken by the wealthy?

Question: What part of Cyprus is known for its many languages?
Southern_Europe

Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.

Question: What language is used in Macedonia?
Answer: Macedonian

Question: What do people speak in Bulgaria?
Answer: Bulgarian

Question: Slovene is a major language in what country?
Answer: Slovenia

Question: What is the most common Slavic language?

Question: Where is Bulgarian ale made?

Question: Where is Croatian the second most common language?

Question: What languages are spoken by millions of people in Northern Europe?

Question: What language is spoken in both Serbia and Croatia?
Southern_Europe

English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese).

Question: What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: English

Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta?
Answer: Maltese

Question: What language is considered a defacto first langauge in Mediterranean Europe?

Question: What language is the third most common in Malta?

Question: What language is the most common in Southern Europe?

Question: What language is the third most common in Gibraltar?

Question: Where does English have a large presence as a primary language?
Southern_Europe

There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France.

Question: What language can be found used in Kosovo and Albania?
Answer: Albanian

Question: What type of language is Maltese?
Answer: Semitic

Question: Where is Basque Country located?
Answer: northern Spain and southwestern France

Question: What language is spoken in Cyprus?

Question: What type of language is Albanian?

Question: Where is Malta located?

Question: What is the second most common language in Albania?

Question: What is the second most common language in the Basque Country?
Southern_Europe

The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe. Christians in the western half of Southern Europe — e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy — are generally Roman Catholic. Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe — e.g., Greece, Macedonia — are generally Greek Orthodox.

Question: What is the main faith practiced in southern Europe?
Answer: Christianity

Question: When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?
Answer: 380 AD

Question: What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?
Answer: Roman Catholic

Question: Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?
Answer: Greek Orthodox

Question: What is the main faith practiced in western Europe?

Question: When did the Romans say that Christianity was true?

Question: What denomination of Christianity was common in Constantinople?

Question: Which denomination of Christianity was most common during the Roman Empire?

Question: Why are different branches of Christianity spread evenly over Europe?
Southern_Europe

For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization groups countries under a classification of regions. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. Southern Europe, as grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), includes following countries and territories:

Question: What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of nations?
Answer: regions

Question: What is the reason for the UNO's division into regions?
Answer: statistical convenience

Question: What smaller unit makes up the southern Europe region?
Answer: sub-regions

Question: What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of cities?

Question: What is the reason for the UNO's official works?

Question: What smaller units are recorded in newspaper publications?

Question: What does not imply a religious affiliation?

Question: Who groups countries according to political affiliation?
Southern_Europe

European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:

Question: What does TDM stand for?
Answer: Tourism Decision Metrics

Question: Which group uses TDM as a metric?
Answer: European Travel Commission

Question: Which group uses European regions as a metric?

Question: Who divides the mountainous regions?

Question: What model shows countries grouped by population?

Question: What region does Ireland belong to?

Question: Who divides the Asian region?
BBC_Television

BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936.

Question: What is the acronym for British Broadcasting Corporation?
Answer: BBC

Question: Under what auspices does the BBC exist?
Answer: Royal charter

Question: When did the BBC start creating its own programming?
Answer: 1932

Question: On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts?
Answer: 2 November 1936

Question: In what country is the BBC headquartered?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: What type of charter has the BBC operated under since 1932?

Question: The BBC has produced what since 1927?

Question: What does the date of 3 November 1926 signify?

Question: What is BCB Television a service of?
BBC_Television

The domestic TV BBC television channels are broadcast without any commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing. The services are funded by a television licence.

Question: What percentage of viewership across the UK is constituted by the BBC?
Answer: 30%

Question: What are BBC channels broadcast without?

Question: How much UK viewing do domestic BCB channels account for?

Question: What are commercial services funded by?
BBC_Television

The BBC operates several television networks, television stations (although there is generally very little distinction between the two terms in the UK), and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a large number of its own programmes in-house, thereby ranking as one of the world's largest television production companies.

Question: As a result of shows that the BBC itself creates, it is one of the biggest what?
Answer: television production companies

Question: Where does the BBC operate several station networks?

Question: What two terms are there distinction between?

Question: What ranks as one of the United Kingdom's largest television production companies?
BBC_Television

Baird Television Ltd. made Britain's first television broadcast, on 30 September 1929 from its studio in Long Acre, London, via the BBC's London transmitter, using the electromechanical system pioneered by John Logie Baird. This system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines – just enough resolution for a close-up of one person, and with a bandwidth low enough to use existing radio transmitters. Simultaneous transmission of sound and picture was achieved on 30 March 1930, by using the BBC's new twin transmitter at Brookmans Park. By late 1930, 30 minutes of morning programmes were broadcast Monday to Friday, and 30 minutes at midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays, after BBC radio went off the air. Baird broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932.

Question: On what date was the first TV show seen in the UK?
Answer: 30 September 1929

Question: From where was the first TV show in the UK broadcasted?
Answer: Long Acre, London

Question: How many lines made up the picture on Britain's earliest TV broadcasts?
Answer: 30

Question: When did Baird cease showing its programs on BBC?
Answer: June 1932

Question: When were both audio and video first broadcasted at the same time?
Answer: 30 March 1930

Question: What was made on 29 September 1930?

Question: What was used, created by Logie John Baird, to make the Britain's first television broadcast?

Question: What was achieved on 30 March 1932?

Question: What year did BBC radio go off the air?

Question: What continued until June 1930?
BBC_Television

The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete.

Question: Where was the BBC's first studio located?
Answer: Broadcasting House, London

Question: What was the medium that brought the BBC's signal to the transmitter?
Answer: telephone line

Question: What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935?
Answer: electromechanical

Question: Where was the BBC's second studio located?
Answer: 16 Portland Place, London

Question: When did the BBC first change studios?
Answer: February 1934

Question: What did the BBC begin on 30 August 1932?

Question: Where did the studio move to in February 1935?

Question: When were 35-line images broadcast until?

Question: What was carried from medium wave transmitters to telephone lines?

Question: What park were the telephone lines located in?
BBC_Television

After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 1 October 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, which housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself, now broadcasting on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems, on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system, each making the BBC the world's first regular high-definition television service, broadcasting Monday to Saturday from 15:00 to 16:00 and 21:00 to 22:00.

Question: Where did the BBC continue broadcasting from in October of 1936?
Answer: Alexandra Palace

Question: What frequency band was used by the BBC starting in 1936?
Answer: VHF

Question: How many lines did the Baird transmission contain?
Answer: 240

Question: How many lines did the Marconi-EMI transmission contain?
Answer: 405

Question: On what days did the BBC provide regular broadcasts?
Answer: Monday to Saturday

Question: What officially resumed on 1 August 1936?

Question: What housed scenery offices and make-up stores?

Question: On what schedule were the 405-line Baird system and the 240-line Marconi system used?

Question: What type of service was broadcast from 15:00 to 21:00?

Question: What was broadcasting on the VFH band?
BBC_Television

The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedown (at 22:00) on Saturday 13 February 1937.

Question: For how long did the BBC alternate different broadcasting systems?
Answer: six months

Question: What kind of camera was used to broadcast live shows under the Baird system?
Answer: Farnsworth image dissector

Question: When was the Baird system officially abandoned?
Answer: 13 February 1937

Question: How long did two systems run on a trial basis for?

Question: What type of camera did the Baird image dissector use?

Question: What ended on Saturday 17 February 1933?
BBC_Television

Initially, the station's range was officially a 40 kilometres radius of the Alexandra Palace transmitter—in practice, however, transmissions could be picked up a good deal further away, and on one occasion in 1938 were picked up by engineers at RCA in New York, who were experimenting with a British television set.

Question: How far from its studio could the BBC's broadcast originally reach?
Answer: 40 kilometres

Question: In what year were BBC broadcasts seen in the United States?
Answer: 1938

Question: What company did the U.S. engineers who saw the BBC broadcast work for?
Answer: RCA

Question: What did the RCA employees use in order to receive the BBC signal?
Answer: a British television set

Question: What was 40 kilometers away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter?

Question: What was picked up in 1940 by engineers at RCA in New York?

Question: What were engineers experimenting with in Alexandra?
BBC_Television

Mechanically scanned, 30-line television broadcasts by John Logie Baird began in 1929, using the BBC transmitter in London, and by 1930 a regular schedule of programmes was transmitted from the BBC antenna in Brookmans Park. Television production was switched from Baird's company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 August 1932, and continued until September 1935. Regularly scheduled electronically scanned television began from Alexandra Palace in London on 2 November 1936, to just a few hundred viewers in the immediate area. The first programme broadcast – and thus the first ever, on a dedicated TV channel – was "Opening of the BBC Television Service" at 15:00. The first major outside broadcast was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in May 1937. The service was reaching an estimated 25,000–40,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939. The VHF broadcasts would have provided an ideal radio beacon for German bombers homing in on London, and the engineers and technicians of the service would be needed for the war effort, in particular the radar programme.

Question: Where was the BBC's transmitter located in 1930?
Answer: Brookmans Park

Question: When did the BBC start broadcasting under the name BBC One?
Answer: 2 August 1932

Question: What was the title of the first show seen on the BBC?
Answer: Opening of the BBC Television Service

Question: Which members of British royalty were seen on the BBC in May of 1937?
Answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

Question: When did the BBC cease broadcasts due to World War II?
Answer: September 1939

Question: What year did 30-line television broadcasts by Logie John Baird begin?

Question: When was BBC One established?

Question: What began on 2 November 1935?

Question: What broadcast event took place in September 1939?

Question: What happened to service in May of 1939?
BBC_Television

On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon.

Question: What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force?
Answer: VHF transmissions

Question: What part of the military did many people working for the BBC end up serving in?
Answer: the radar programme

Question: What was the final thing shown on the BBC before it was shut down for the war?
Answer: Mickey's Gala Premier

Question: When did most people mistakenly remember the last broadcast as having ended?
Answer: before the end of the cartoon

Question: What day did Britain declare war on Germany?

Question: What year was Mickey's Gala Premier written?

Question: What was the station concerned about with regard to VHF transmissions?

Question: What were many of the television service's technical radar staff needed for in the war effort?
BBC_Television

According to figures from Britain's Radio Manufacturers Association, 18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, when production was halted by the war.

Question: How many TVs were made between 1936 and the start of the war in 1939?
Answer: 18,999

Question: How many television sets had been manufactured by 1939?

Question: When did production of radio sets end?

Question: What caused the halt in production of radio sets?