Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Adult_contemporary_music

The consolidation of the "hot AC" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a major blow to the AC genre.

Question: Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?
Answer: the 2005-2007 economic downturn

Question: Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?
Answer: urban

Question: What AC format is still viable?
Answer: hot AC

Question: Declining sales of what items harmed the adult contemporary genre?
Answer: physical record
Adult_contemporary_music

The "soft" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of "oldies" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music. Newer songs are more often (but not limited to) "easy listening" fare, this amount varying depending on the age of the station's target demographic.

Question: Generally speaking, what is the earliest decade represented by the "oldies" on soft AC stations?
Answer: 1960s

Question: Along with R&B, pop and rock, what genre of music is represented on modern soft AC stations?
Answer: jazz

Question: What genre of music do new songs on soft AC stations often belong to?
Answer: "easy listening"

Question: During what period did soft AC stations attempt to reinvent themselves?
Answer: the late 2000s/early 2010s
Adult_contemporary_music

Termed "the acoustic equivalent to Prozac", soft adult contemporary, a more adult-oriented version of AC, was born in the late 1970s and grew in the early 1980s. WEEI-FM in Boston was the first station to use the term "soft rock", with ad slogans such as, "Fleetwood Mac ... without the yack" and "Joni ... without the baloney". The vast majority of music played on soft AC stations is mellow, more acoustic, and primarily solo vocalists.

Question: What radio format was described as being "the acoustic equivalent to Prozac"?
Answer: soft adult contemporary

Question: What decade saw the birth of the soft adult contemporary format?
Answer: 1970s

Question: What radio station introduced the term "soft rock"?
Answer: WEEI-FM

Question: Where was the station that introduced the term "soft rock" based?
Answer: Boston

Question: What processed meat, featured in WEEI-FM's ad slogan, rhymes with Joni?
Answer: baloney
Adult_contemporary_music

Other popular names for the format include "Warm", "Sunny", "Bee" (or "B") and (particularly in Canada) "EZ Rock". The format can be seen as a more contemporary successor to and combination of the middle of the road (MOR), beautiful music, easy listening and soft rock formats. Many stations in the soft AC format capitalize on its appeal to office workers (many of them females aged 25–54, a key advertiser demographic), and brand themselves as stations "everyone at work can agree on" (KOST originated that phrase as a primary tagline, and other soft AC stations have followed suit).

Question: In what country is soft adult contemporary called "EZ Rock"?
Answer: Canada

Question: Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?
Answer: beautiful music

Question: What occupation is stereotypical held by soft adult contemporary listeners?
Answer: office workers

Question: What advertising demographic is soft adult contemporary marketed towards?
Answer: females aged 25–54

Question: What station first introduced the tagline "everyone at work can agree on"?
Answer: KOST
Adult_contemporary_music

A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC.

Question: Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?
Answer: raising children

Question: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?
Answer: 1960s and 1970s

Question: Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?
Answer: soul

Question: What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?
Answer: hot AC
Adult_contemporary_music

The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics. Some soft AC stations have found a niche by incorporating more oldies into their playlists and are more open to playing softer songs that fit the "traditional" definition of AC.

Question: What radio station formats faced demographic pressures in the 1960s and 70s?
Answer: jazz and big band

Question: What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?
Answer: oldies

Question: What radio station format have many of the former soft AC artists moved to?
Answer: adult standards

Question: Certain soft AC stations have found a niche on the radio by doing what?
Answer: incorporating more oldies

Question: Why are adult standards format radio stations declining?
Answer: aging demographics
Adult_contemporary_music

Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks.

Question: Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?
Answer: contemporary mainstream music

Question: What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?
Answer: adult

Question: What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?
Answer: Generation Z

Question: Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?
Answer: teen pop
Adult_contemporary_music

This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues). Generally, Hot AC radio stations target their music output towards the 18-54 age group and a demographic audience of both men and women.

Question: Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue are artists in what genre of music?
Answer: dance-pop

Question: What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?
Answer: boybands

Question: What genre of music is played by Westlife?
Answer: power pops

Question: What genre of music is played by The Eagles?
Answer: soft rock

Question: What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?
Answer: 18-54
Adult_contemporary_music

Modern adult contemporary can be a variation of hot AC, and includes modern rock titles in its presentation. In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching "an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs." The format's artists included Alanis Morissette, Counting Crows, Gin Blossoms, Bon Jovi, Train, No Doubt, The Script, The Cranberries, Lifehouse, Sarah McLachlan, Sara Bareilles, John Mayer, Jewel, and Ingrid Michaelson. Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.

Question: What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?
Answer: KMXB

Question: Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?
Answer: Las Vegas

Question: What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?
Answer: 18-34

Question: What is the sex of the listeners modern rock radio is geared towards?
Answer: men

Question: Unlike modern rock radio, what sex is adult contemporary radio said to appeal to?
Answer: women
Adult_contemporary_music

The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.

Question: What other adult contemporary radio format is urban AC similar to?
Answer: soft AC

Question: What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?
Answer: hip-hop

Question: What two genres of music are popular on urban AC?
Answer: R&B and soul music

Question: Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?
Answer: Luther Vandross

Question: What adult contemporary radio format is urban AC not similar to?
Answer: hot AC
Adult_contemporary_music

A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.

Question: What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?
Answer: rhythmic oldies

Question: What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?
Answer: 1960s

Question: What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
Answer: African-Americans
Adult_contemporary_music

A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.

Question: What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?
Answer: quiet storm

Question: What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?
Answer: quiet storm

Question: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?
Answer: the evening

Question: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?
Answer: Black and Latino

Question: Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?
Answer: Vanessa L. Williams
Adult_contemporary_music

Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

Question: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?
Answer: mainstream AC

Question: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?
Answer: smooth jazz

Question: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?
Answer: the weekends

Question: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?
Answer: Smooth AC

Question: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
Answer: to lure younger listeners
Adult_contemporary_music

Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.

Question: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?
Answer: urban AC

Question: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?
Answer: songcraft and sophistication

Question: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?
Answer: Philly soul

Question: During what decade was smooth soul popular?
Answer: 1970s

Question: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
Answer: sequencers
Adult_contemporary_music

In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).

Question: What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?
Answer: jazz-R&B fusion

Question: Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?
Answer: crossover R&B

Question: During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?
Answer: 1980s

Question: What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?
Answer: ballads

Question: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?
Answer: Babyface
Adult_contemporary_music

In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.

Question: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?
Answer: soft AC

Question: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?
Answer: November and December

Question: Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?
Answer: Johnny Mathis
Adult_contemporary_music

These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.

Question: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?
Answer: the week before Thanksgiving Day

Question: When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?
Answer: after Christmas Day

Question: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?
Answer: New Year's Day

Question: When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?
Answer: the beginning of November

Question: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?
Answer: beautiful music and easy listening
Daylight_saving_time

Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.

Question: What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?
Answer: summer time

Question: What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?
Answer: one hour

Question: What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?
Answer: daylight

Question: In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?
Answer: autumn

Question: By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?
Answer: sunrise
Daylight_saving_time

New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.

Question: Who first suggested daylight saving?
Answer: George Hudson

Question: From what country did George Hudson hail?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?
Answer: 1895

Question: Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?
Answer: Germany
Daylight_saving_time

The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.

Question: What used to be the main draw on electricity?
Answer: incandescent lighting

Question: What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?
Answer: retailing

Question: In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?
Answer: farming

Question: Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?
Answer: energy
Daylight_saving_time

DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.

Question: What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation?
Answer: travel

Question: When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?
Answer: Computer software

Question: What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?
Answer: policy

Question: What important part of daily life might be disturbed because of DST changing what time you go to bed?
Answer: sleep patterns
Daylight_saving_time

Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.

Question: What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?
Answer: Industrialized

Question: What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?
Answer: agrarian

Question: In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?
Answer: North and south of the tropics

Question: What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?
Answer: axial tilt
Daylight_saving_time

By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.

Question: How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?
Answer: one hour

Question: In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?
Answer: winter

Question: Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?
Answer: after

Question: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?
Answer: Standard Time
Daylight_saving_time

While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.

Question: What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change?
Answer: lighting and heating

Question: What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?
Answer: equal

Question: Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?
Answer: after

Question: Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use?
Answer: Supporters
Daylight_saving_time

The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little impact on daily life, because the length of day and night changes more extremely throughout the seasons (in comparison to other latitudes), and thus sunrise and sunset times are significantly out of sync with standard working hours regardless of manipulations of the clock. DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year.

Question: What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?
Answer: higher latitudes

Question: What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?
Answer: near the equator

Question: How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?
Answer: little

Question: Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?
Answer: small

Question: As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?
Answer: extreme
Daylight_saving_time

Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.

Question: What kind of clocks did the Romans use?
Answer: water clocks

Question: What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?
Answer: hora tertia

Question: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?
Answer: 75

Question: What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?
Answer: Jewish
Daylight_saving_time

Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift-work job gave him leisure time to collect insects, and led him to value after-hours daylight. In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour daylight-saving shift, and after considerable interest was expressed in Christchurch, he followed up in an 1898 paper. Many publications credit DST's proposal to the prominent English builder and outdoorsman William Willett, who independently conceived DST in 1905 during a pre-breakfast ride, when he observed with dismay how many Londoners slept through a large part of a summer's day. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk. His solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Pearce, who introduced the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on 12 February 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915.

Question: What particular kind of scientist was George Hudson?
Answer: entomologist

Question: What did George Hudson spend time collecting when he wasn't working?
Answer: insects

Question: What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?
Answer: 1895

Question: Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name?
Answer: William Willett

Question: Who was the member of Parliament who brought a bill about Daylight Saving Time to the House of Commons in 1908?
Answer: Robert Pearce
Daylight_saving_time

Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.

Question: What year did Germany decide to try DST?
Answer: 1916

Question: What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?
Answer: Sommerzeit

Question: What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?
Answer: coal

Question: What year did the United States get on board with DST?
Answer: 1918
Daylight_saving_time

Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.

Question: What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?
Answer: energy crisis

Question: What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?
Answer: Ireland

Question: Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?
Answer: Second World War

Question: Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?
Answer: Europe
Daylight_saving_time

Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.

Question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?
Answer: many

Question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?
Answer: repeals
Daylight_saving_time

In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.

Question: At what local time does the United States change the time?
Answer: 02:00

Question: Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring?
Answer: 23

Question: In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?
Answer: 25

Question: At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?
Answer: 03:00:00.0

Question: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?
Answer: spring
Daylight_saving_time

Clock shifts are usually scheduled near a weekend midnight to lessen disruption to weekday schedules. A one-hour shift is customary, but Australia's Lord Howe Island uses a half-hour shift. Twenty-minute and two-hour shifts have been used in the past.

Question: During what part of the week is the time change most often scheduled?
Answer: weekend

Question: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?
Answer: weekday schedules
Daylight_saving_time

Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the same time; for example, Mountain Time is temporarily (for one hour) zero hours ahead of Pacific Time, instead of one hour ahead, in the autumn and two hours, instead of one, ahead of Pacific Time in the spring. In the past, Australian districts went even further and did not always agree on start and end dates; for example, in 2008 most DST-observing areas shifted clocks forward on October 5 but Western Australia shifted on October 26. In some cases only part of a country shifts; for example, in the US, Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe DST.

Question: Which time zone in Europe always has a one-hour lead on Central European Time?
Answer: Eastern European Time

Question: For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States?
Answer: two hours

Question: In 2008, what month and day did Western Australia change their clocks?
Answer: October 26

Question: At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States?
Answer: one hour

Question: In addition to much of the state of Arizona, what U.S. state does not ever change their clocks for DST?
Answer: Hawaii
Daylight_saving_time

Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31.

Question: What year did the European Union standardize their Summer Time?
Answer: 1996

Question: European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?
Answer: October

Question: What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy?
Answer: the Energy Policy Act of 2005

Question: What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006?
Answer: Congress

Question: Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October?
Answer: Halloween
Daylight_saving_time

Beginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.

Question: In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?
Answer: Beginning and ending dates

Question: At what local time does Chile change their clocks for DST?
Answer: 24:00

Question: What day of the week does DST begin and end in Chile?
Answer: Saturday

Question: In the Northern hemisphere's summer, what is the time difference between the UK and Chile?
Answer: five hours

Question: During what season in the Southern hemisphere is there a three-hour time difference between mainland Chile and the United Kingdom?
Answer: summer
Daylight_saving_time

DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it.

Question: Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time?
Answer: southern Brazil

Question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST?
Answer: equatorial Brazil

Question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST?
Answer: Asia and Africa

Question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST?
Answer: sunrise
Daylight_saving_time

Daylight saving has caused controversy since it began. Winston Churchill argued that it enlarges "the opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness among the millions of people who live in this country" and pundits have dubbed it "Daylight Slaving Time". Historically, retailing, sports, and tourism interests have favored daylight saving, while agricultural and evening entertainment interests have opposed it, and its initial adoption had been prompted by energy crisis and war.

Question: What leader said daylight saving gives people more "opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness"?
Answer: Winston Churchill

Question: What nickname have people in opposition to DST given it?
Answer: Daylight Slaving Time

Question: In addition to the evening entertainment industry, people from what industry often oppose daylight saving?
Answer: agricultural

Question: Traditionally, retailing, tourism, and what other industry have been in favor of DST?
Answer: sports

Question: Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST?
Answer: war
Daylight_saving_time

The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.

Question: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?
Answer: Edward VII

Question: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?
Answer: Napier Shaw

Question: What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings?
Answer: 1909

Question: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?
Answer: Andrew Peters
Daylight_saving_time

The war's end swung the pendulum back. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed it after the war. Britain was an exception: it retained DST nationwide but over the years adjusted transition dates for several reasons, including special rules during the 1920s and 1930s to avoid clock shifts on Easter mornings. The US was more typical: Congress repealed DST after 1919. President Woodrow Wilson, like Willett an avid golfer, vetoed the repeal twice but his second veto was overridden. Only a few US cities retained DST locally thereafter, including New York so that its financial exchanges could maintain an hour of arbitrage trading with London, and Chicago and Cleveland to keep pace with New York. Wilson's successor Warren G. Harding opposed DST as a "deception". Reasoning that people should instead get up and go to work earlier in the summer, he ordered District of Columbia federal employees to start work at 08:00 rather than 09:00 during summer 1922. Some businesses followed suit though many others did not; the experiment was not repeated.

Question: Which country continued to observe DST nationwide despite the fact that the war had ended?
Answer: Britain

Question: What spring holiday did Britain adjust its DST schedule around?
Answer: Easter

Question: After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.?
Answer: 1919

Question: What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST?
Answer: golf

Question: What U.S. city kept observing DST to stay in sync with London, leading Chicago and Cleveland to follow along?
Answer: New York
Daylight_saving_time

The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to US DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes.

Question: What month and year were two neighboring cities in Minnesota on different time schedules?
Answer: May 1965

Question: What state supported DST because it wanted to sell more potatoes?
Answer: Idaho

Question: What company joined Clorox in funding the Daylight Saving Time Coalition in the 1980s?
Answer: 7-Eleven

Question: What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?
Answer: 1987

Question: What year did the U.S. see standardization of DST outside of wartime for the first time?
Answer: 1966
Daylight_saving_time

In 1992, after a three-year trial of daylight saving in Queensland, Australia, a referendum on daylight saving was held and defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote – with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan south-east were in favor. In 2005, the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores successfully lobbied for the 2007 extension to US DST. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered in Queensland, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time. DS4SEQ contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. After a three-year trial, more than 55% of Western Australians voted against DST in 2009, with rural areas strongly opposed. On 14 April 2010, after being approached by the DS4SEQ political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011.

Question: What percentage of Queensland voted against the daylight saving referendum in 1992?
Answer: 54.5%

Question: What was the name of Queensland's political party set up solely to support their particular DST arrangement?
Answer: Daylight Saving for South East Queensland

Question: In Australia, were rural or urban areas generally more strongly opposed to DST?
Answer: rural

Question: What member of Queensland Parliament was responsible for finally bringing the DST for South East Queensland referendum to a vote?
Answer: Peter Wellington
Daylight_saving_time

In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK.

Question: What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year?
Answer: the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

Question: Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST?
Answer: postal workers

Question: What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?
Answer: northern regions
Daylight_saving_time

In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason.

Question: What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown?
Answer: Ramadan

Question: What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month?
Answer: the evening dinner

Question: What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan?
Answer: Iran

Question: When was Ramadan in 2012?
Answer: July and August
Daylight_saving_time

The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.

Question: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back?
Answer: 2011

Question: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?
Answer: Belarus

Question: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?
Answer: Russia

Question: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST?
Answer: winter

Question: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time?
Answer: 2014
Daylight_saving_time

Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business. Groups that tend to support DST are urban workers, retail businesses, outdoor sports enthusiasts and businesses, tourism operators, and others who benefit from increased light during the evening in summer.

Question: Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers?
Answer: urban workers

Question: If people have more daylight in the evenings, what season might see a rise in outdoor activity?
Answer: summer

Question: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?
Answer: saves energy
Daylight_saving_time

Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit. Farmers have tended to oppose DST.

Question: What major health risk do people who oppose DST say it increases?
Answer: heart attack

Question: What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers?
Answer: Farmers

Question: What adjective would those against DST use to describe the energy savings touted by supporters?
Answer: inconclusive

Question: What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?
Answer: morning