Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Race_(human_categorization)

In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom they are attempting to apprehend. From the perspective of law enforcement officers, it is generally more important to arrive at a description that will readily suggest the general appearance of an individual than to make a scientifically valid categorization by DNA or other such means. Thus, in addition to assigning a wanted individual to a racial category, such a description will include: height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics.

Question: What does the FBI feel providing general descriptions helps to facilitate?
Answer: job of law enforcement officers

Question: What does the FBI employ the term race to summarize?
Answer: general appearance

Question: What does law enforcement feel appearance characteristics of individuals help them do to those individuals?
Answer: apprehend

Question: What is more important for law enforcement in categorizing instead of DNA?
Answer: arrive at a description

Question: What does a description of a wanted individual include beyond their racial category?
Answer: height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics.
Race_(human_categorization)

Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other white background); M1 (White and black Caribbean), M2 (White and black African), M3 (White and Asian), M9 (Any other mixed background); A1 (Asian-Indian), A2 (Asian-Pakistani), A3 (Asian-Bangladeshi), A9 (Any other Asian background); B1 (Black Caribbean), B2 (Black African), B3 (Any other black background); O1 (Chinese), O9 (Any other). The other is categories used by the police when they visually identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group, e.g. at the time of a stop and search or an arrest: White – North European (IC1), White – South European (IC2), Black (IC3), Asian (IC4), Chinese, Japanese, or South East Asian (IC5), Middle Eastern (IC6), and Unknown (IC0). "IC" stands for "Identification Code;" these items are also referred to as Phoenix classifications. Officers are instructed to "record the response that has been given" even if the person gives an answer which may be incorrect; their own perception of the person's ethnic background is recorded separately. Comparability of the information being recorded by officers was brought into question by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in September 2007, as part of its Equality Data Review; one problem cited was the number of reports that contained an ethnicity of "Not Stated."

Question: How many separate classification systems do agencies in England and Wales use?
Answer: at least two

Question: When did individuals self-identify as belonging to a particular ethnic group?
Answer: the 2001 Census

Question: How do police identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group?
Answer: visually

Question: What does IC stand for?
Answer: Identification Code

Question: What ethnicity term was one problem cited about the number of reports containing it?
Answer: Not Stated
Race_(human_categorization)

In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling an example of institutional racism in law enforcement. The history of misuse of racial categories to impact adversely one or more groups and/or to offer protection and advantage to another has a clear impact on debate of the legitimate use of known phenotypical or genotypical characteristics tied to the presumed race of both victims and perpetrators by the government.

Question: Where has the practice of racial profiling been ruled to be unconstitutional?
Answer: United States

Question: What is a violation of civil rights in the United States?
Answer: racial profiling

Question: What do many consider an example of institutional racism in law enforcement?
Answer: de facto racial profiling

Question: How has the misuse of racial categories historically impacted one or more groups?
Answer: adversely

Question: What has impacted the debate on the legitimate use of known phenotypical characteristics?
Answer: misuse of racial categories
Race_(human_categorization)

Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarceration is also, "the larger web of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control those labeled criminals both in and out of prison." She defines it further as "a system that locks people not only behind actual bars in actual prisons, but also behind virtual bars and virtual walls", illustrating the second-class citizenship that is imposed on a disproportionate number of people of color, specifically African-Americans. She compares mass incarceration to Jim Crow laws, stating that both work as racial caste systems.

Question: What impacts African American and Latino communities in disproportionate numbers?
Answer: Mass incarceration

Question: Who is the author of "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness"?
Answer: Michelle Alexander

Question: What type of bars and walls beyond physical ones does Alexander think people are behind?
Answer: virtual

Question: Who does Alexander think a second class citizenship is imposed upon disproportionately?
Answer: people of color

Question: What type of caste system is mass incarceration compared to?
Answer: racial
Race_(human_categorization)

Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists. He asked, "If races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?" He concluded:

Question: What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on?
Answer: highly heritable

Question: What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?
Answer: cranial

Question: Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?
Answer: Norman Sauer

Question: What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity?
Answer: forensic anthropologists

Question: What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying?
Answer: races
Race_(human_categorization)

Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection".

Question: What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from?
Answer: culture

Question: Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group?
Answer: neighbouring non-Jewish populations

Question: What shifted depending on the locus investigated?
Answer: the degree of genetic similarity among Jews

Question: What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of?
Answer: natural selection acting on particular loci

Question: What chromosome was focused on to circumvent some of the complications associated with selection?
Answer: Y
Race_(human_categorization)

As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status:

Question: Thomas and others sought to distinguish between what chromosome of Jewish priests and that of non-Jews?
Answer: Y

Question: What does the new "race science" call attention to the importance of?
Answer: ancestry

Question: What do people desire to use science to confirm?
Answer: their claims about ancestry

Question: What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?
Answer: race science

Question: How were older notions of race used?
Answer: to explain differences in human behaviour or social status
Race_(human_categorization)

One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African American having some European ancestors. Similarly, many people who identify as white have some African ancestors. In a survey in a northeastern U.S. university of college students who identified as "white", about 30% were estimated to have up to 10% African ancestry.

Question: What is a problem with racial assignments? 
Answer: admixture

Question: How many people have a varied ancestry?
Answer: Many

Question: When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.?
Answer: colonial and early federal history

Question: Who do many people who identify as white have for ancestors?
Answer: African

Question: What percentage of African ancestry were 30% of college students identifying as white estimated to have?
Answer: 10%
Paris

Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.

Question: In what year was the Centre Georges Pompidou erected?
Answer: 1977

Question: What did Valery Giscard d'Estaing have erected?
Answer: Musée d'Orsay

Question: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power?
Answer: 14

Question: What did Jacques Chirac have built?
Answer: Musée du quai Branly

Question: In what year was the Musee de quai Branly built?
Answer: 2006
Paris

Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000. Four hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers: many of these are centred in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroen plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but the industry as a whole suffered a major loss with the 2014 closing of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.

Question: How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?
Answer: 75,000

Question: What does Paris region manufacturing specialize in?
Answer: transportation

Question: How much of a drop was there in manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 2010?
Answer: 64

Question: How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ?
Answer: 100,000

Question: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?
Answer: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen
Paris

While Paris has some of the richest neighbourhoods in France, it also has some of the poorest, mostly on the eastern side of the city. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line; 24 percent in the 18th, 22 percent in the 20th and 18 percent in the 10th. In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement.

Question: What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month?
Answer: 14

Question: WHat percentage of people in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line?
Answer: Twenty-five

Question: What percentage of people lived below the poverty line in Paris' wealthiest neighborhood?
Answer: 7
Paris

During the Middle Ages, Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars, such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals. The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution, alternating expulsions and returns, until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. Although 75% of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II, half the city's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps, while some others fled abroad. A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s, and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today. There are currently 83 synagogues in the city; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue, built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard, is a Paris landmark.

Question: What percentage of France's Jewish population survived the holocaust?
Answer: 75

Question: When did a large number of Sephardic Jews settle in Paris?
Answer: 1960s

Question: Who built the Marais-quarter Agodudas Hakehilos Synagogue?
Answer: Hector Guimard

Question: When was the Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue built?
Answer: 1913
Paris

The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader. It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high. There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement. A Hindu temple, dedicated to Ganesh, on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement, opened in 1985.

Question: What is the former Cameroon pavilion?
Answer: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

Question: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?
Answer: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

Question: How tall is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?
Answer: more than nine metres high

Question: When did the Hindu temple on Rue Pajol open?
Answer: 1985
Paris

Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub. The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region. The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.

Question: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?
Answer: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France

Question: What was the STIF formerly known as?
Answer: Syndicat des transports parisiens

Question: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?
Answer: 347

Question: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?
Answer: 1,176
Paris

Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital system in Europe. It provides health care, teaching, research, prevention, education and emergency medical service in 52 branches of medicine. The hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visits.

Question: Who provides emergency care in the city of Paris?
Answer: Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

Question: How many people are employed at AP-HP?
Answer: 90,000

Question: How many hospitals are in Paris?
Answer: 44

Question: How many patients visit the hospitals annually?
Answer: 5.8 million
Apollo

As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes (/əˈɡliːtiːz/ ə-GLEE-teez; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, "light of the sun"), Helius (/ˈhiːliəs/ HEE-lee-əs; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally "sun"), Phanaeus (/fəˈniːəs/ fə-NEE-əs; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally "giving or bringing light"), and Lyceus (/laɪˈsiːəs/ ly-SEE-əs; Λύκειος, Lykeios, from Proto-Greek *λύκη, "light"). The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill"). As god of the sun, Apollo was called Sol (/ˈsɒl/ SOL, literally "sun" in Latin) by the Romans.

Question: Who was the god of light?
Answer: Apollo

Question: Who was the patron goddess of Lycia?
Answer: Leto

Question: What word literally means "born of a wolf?"
Answer: Lukēgenēs

Question: Since Apollo was known as god of the sun, what was another name for Apollo?
Answer: Sol
Apollo

Apollo was worshipped as Actiacus (/ækˈtaɪ.əkəs/ ak-TY-ə-kəs; Ἄκτιακός, Aktiakos, literally "Actian"), Delphinius (/dɛlˈfɪniəs/ del-FIN-ee-əs; Δελφίνιος, Delphinios, literally "Delphic"), and Pythius (/ˈpɪθiəs/ PITH-ee-əs; Πύθιος, Puthios, from Πυθώ, Pythō, the area around Delphi), after Actium (Ἄκτιον) and Delphi (Δελφοί) respectively, two of his principal places of worship. An etiology in the Homeric hymns associated the epithet "Delphinius" with dolphins. He was worshipped as Acraephius (/əˈkriːfiəs/ ə-KREE-fee-əs; Ἀκραιφιος,[clarification needed] Akraiphios, literally "Acraephian") or Acraephiaeus (/əˌkriːfiˈiːəs/ ə-KREE-fee-EE-əs; Ἀκραιφιαίος, Akraiphiaios, literally "Acraephian") in the Boeotian town of Acraephia (Ἀκραιφία), reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus; and as Smintheus (/ˈsmɪnθjuːs/ SMIN-thews; Σμινθεύς, Smintheus, "Sminthian"—that is, "of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe") near the Troad town of Hamaxitus. The epithet "Smintheus" has historically been confused with σμίνθος, "mouse", in association with Apollo's role as a god of disease. For this he was also known as Parnopius (/pɑːrˈnoʊpiəs/ par-NOH-pee-əs; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, "locust") and to the Romans as Culicarius (/ˌkjuːlᵻˈkæriəs/ KEW-li-KARR-ee-əs; from Latin culicārius, "of midges").

Question: The epithet Delphinius is associated with what animal?
Answer: dolphins

Question: What epithet has historically been confused with "mouse?"
Answer: Smintheus
Apollo

A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".

Question: What origin was Leto?
Answer: Lydian

Question: Where was Leto worshipped?
Answer: Asia Minor

Question: What is the origin of Sibyl?
Answer: Anatolia
Apollo

The Late Bronze Age (from 1700 to 1200 BCE) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years. Here we have an apotropaic situation, where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it. Aplu, meaning the son of, was a title given to the god Nergal, who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash. Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods. In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats. All these functions, including the function of the healer-god Paean, who seems to have Mycenean origin, are fused in the cult of Apollo.

Question: What age ran from 1700 to 1200 BCE?
Answer: The Late Bronze Age

Question: Who was a god of plague?
Answer: Hittite and Hurrian Aplu

Question: What word means "the son of?"
Answer: Aplu

Question: Who is the mouse God?
Answer: Apollo Smintheus
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Bush's margin of victory in the popular vote was the smallest ever for a reelected incumbent president, but marked the first time since his father's victory 16 years prior that a candidate won a majority of the popular vote. The electoral map closely resembled that of 2000, with only three states changing sides: New Mexico and Iowa voted Republican in 2004 after having voted Democratic in 2000, while New Hampshire voted Democratic in 2004 after previously voting Republican. In the Electoral College, Bush received 286 votes to Kerry's 252.

Question: Which candidate, in the 2004 election, had the majority of the popular vote?
Answer: Bush

Question: How many States renounced their preferred political party?
Answer: three

Question: Which state switched sides and embraced the Democratic party after previously choosing the Republican party?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: How many votes did Kerry receive, in the Electoral College?
Answer: 252

Question: How large of a gap was there between Bush's and Kerry's votes? 
Answer: the smallest ever

Question: What two states did George Bush campaign the hardest in?

Question: What was the first state Bush's father campaigned in?

Question: What margin of victory did Bush's father have in 2004?

Question: How many votes did Bush Sr. receive in the Electoral Collage 16 years before?

Question: What state was John Kerry originally from?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president. Bush's approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected mastermind of the September 11 attacks. By December, the Taliban had been removed as rulers of Kabul, although a long and ongoing reconstruction would follow, severely hampered by ongoing turmoil and violence within the country.

Question: What even occured during Bush's presidency that made him become a wartime president?
Answer: terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

Question: How long into Bush's presidency did tragedy occur on American soil?
Answer: eight months

Question: Did Bush become disfavorable during the time of the 9/11 attacks?
Answer: surged to near 90%

Question: How long did it take for the US military to respond by infiltrating Afghanistan?
Answer: Within a month

Question: By which month, were the Taliban no longer controlling Kabul?
Answer: December

Question: How long had Osama Bin Laden been planning the Sept. 11th attack?

Question: How successful was the coalition in its mission in Afghanistan?

Question: How long did it take to capture Osama Bin Laden?

Question: What city had been ruled by Osama Bin Laden?

Question: What happened in New York after the Sept. 11th terrorist attack?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

On March 10, 2004, Bush officially clinched the number of delegates needed to be nominated at the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City. Bush accepted the nomination on September 2, 2004, and selected Vice President Dick Cheney as his running mate. (In New York, the ticket was also on the ballot as candidates of the Conservative Party of New York State.) During the convention and throughout the campaign, Bush focused on two themes: defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society. The ownership society included allowing people to invest some of their Social Security in the stock market, increasing home and stock ownership, and encouraging more people to buy their own health insurance.

Question: By what date did Bush obtain the number of votes required to become the 2004 Republican nominee?
Answer: March 10, 2004

Question: When did Bush accept the Republican nomination?
Answer: September 2, 2004

Question: Whom did Bush want to stand beside him as Vice President?
Answer: Dick Cheney

Question: Which two topics did Bush remain steadfast on, during his campaign?
Answer: terrorism and building an ownership society

Question: In New York State, which party was the Bush/Cheney duo candidates of?
Answer: Conservative Party

Question: When did Dick Cheney get enough delegates to be nominated at the RNC?

Question: When did Cheney accept the nomination?

Question: In what city was Cheney nominated at the RNC in 2004?

Question: What two themes did Cheney speak about often during his campaign?

Question: What was one idea endorsed by Cheney in his 2004 speech?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

By summer of 2003, Howard Dean had become the apparent front runner for the Democratic nomination, performing strongly in most polls and leading the pack with the largest campaign war chest. Dean's strength as a fund raiser was attributed mainly to his embrace of the Internet for campaigning. The majority of his donations came from individual supporters, who became known as Deanites, or, more commonly, Deaniacs. Generally regarded as a pragmatic centrist during his time as governor, Dean emerged during his presidential campaign as a left-wing populist, denouncing the policies of the Bush administration (especially the 2003 invasion of Iraq) as well as fellow Democrats, who, in his view, failed to strongly oppose them. Senator Lieberman, a liberal on domestic issues but a hawk on the War on Terror, failed to gain traction with liberal Democratic primary voters.

Question: Who became the Democratic nominee, half way through 2003?
Answer: Howard Dean

Question: Dean's admiration for internet campaigning accredited his strength as what?
Answer: a fund raiser

Question: What did Dean's backers become known as?
Answer: Deaniacs

Question: What government position has Howard Dean previously held?
Answer: governor

Question: Which of Bush's policies did Dean criticize most notably?
Answer: the 2003 invasion of Iraq

Question: What status had Senator Lieberman gained in 2003?

Question: How well did Senator Lieberman perform in the polls in 2003?

Question: What did Senator Lieberman have that helped him further his campaign?

Question: What method did Senator Lieberman use that helped him successfully raise funds?

Question: Where did most of Senator Lieberman's donations come from?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

In September 2003, retired four-star general Wesley Clark announced his intention to run in the presidential primary election for the Democratic Party nomination. His campaign focused on themes of leadership and patriotism; early campaign ads relied heavily on biography. His late start left him with relatively few detailed policy proposals. This weakness was apparent in his first few debates, although he soon presented a range of position papers, including a major tax-relief plan. Nevertheless, the Democrats did not flock to support his campaign.

Question: Which Democratic nominee declared his intention to enter into the presidential race, in the fall of 2003?
Answer: Wesley Clark

Question: What did Wesley Clark's initial campaign ads depend upon?
Answer: biography

Question: What were Wesley Clarks's core issues?
Answer: leadership and patriotism

Question: What shortcoming was noticeable, from the start, for Wesley Clark?
Answer: few detailed policy proposals

Question: Was Wesley Clark influential in gathering the Democratic backing?
Answer: did not flock to support his campaign

Question: In what year did Wesley Clark retire?

Question: What rank did Wesley Clark obtain in September 2003?

Question: What two topics were used in the biography that came out about the DNC in 2003?

Question: What was the DNC lacking to draw more support from donors?

Question: What is one thing that the DNC didn't want to take a position on?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.

Question: Who had the least amount of backers, between Kerry and Dean?
Answer: Kerry

Question: Which state was expected to show the least amount of support for Kerry going into the caucuses, before Iowa?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?
Answer: he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan

Question: Who took over for Jim Jordon, when he was fired?
Answer: Mary Beth Cahill

Question: What regulation did Kerry not follow to try to save his campaign?
Answer: mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign

Question: What did Ted Kennedy have fewer of than Kerry in 2004?

Question: What was Ted Kennedy's position in the superdelegate race in 2004?

Question: What states did Ted Kennedy lead in in 2004?

Question: What was one area that Kennedy was seen as being weak in?

Question: What position was held by Jim Jordan when he was fired by Bill Bradley?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

In the race for individual contributions, economist Lyndon LaRouche dominated the pack leading up to the primaries. According to the Federal Election Commission statistics, LaRouche had more individual contributors to his 2004 presidential campaign than any other candidate, until the final quarter of the primary season, when John Kerry surpassed him. As of the April 15 filing, LaRouche had 7834 individual contributions, of those who have given cumulatively, $200 or more, as compared to 6257 for John Kerry, 5582 for John Edwards, 4090 for Howard Dean, and 2744 for Gephardt.

Question: Who, at the start of the primaries, had the most single campaign contributors?
Answer: Lyndon LaRouche

Question: Who had the highest amount of single campaign contributors, at the final quarter of the primaries?
Answer: John Kerry

Question: Who earned the fewest individual contributions as of the April 15th filing date?
Answer: Gephardt

Question: What agency provided statistical information regarding the Presidential Candidates' individual contributors?
Answer: Federal Election Commission

Question: What did Gephardt have more of than any other candidate in 2004?

Question: When did John Edwards surpass Gephardt in individual contributors for his campaign?

Question: What profession did Gephardt have before 2004?

Question: When did the FEC start collecting presidential campaign funding statistics?

Question: What is the minimum amount that an individual contributor can donate to a campaign according to the FEC?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

By the January 2004 Iowa caucuses, the field had dwindled down to nine candidates, as Bob Graham had dropped out of the race. Howard Dean was a strong front-runner. However, the Iowa caucuses yielded unexpectedly strong results for Democratic candidates John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards, who took 32%. Former front-runner Howard Dean slipped to 18% and third place, and Richard Gephardt finished fourth (11%). In the days leading up to the Iowa vote, there was much negative campaigning between the Dean and Gephardt camps.

Question: How many candidates remained by the end of the Iowa caucuses, in January 2004?
Answer: nine

Question: Which two candidates had surprising results despite Howard Dean being the strong front-runner?
Answer: John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards

Question: Which candidate slipped into third place, following the Iowa caucuses?
Answer: Dean

Question: Preceding the Iowa caucuses, which candidates used naysaying tactics in their campaigning?
Answer: Dean and Gephardt

Question: Which candidate dropped out of the race, leaving the field to nine candidates?
Answer: Bob Graham

Question: What percentage of the state's delegates had Bob Graham taken as the front-runner?

Question: What did Graham and Kerry take part in leading up to the Iowa vote?

Question: How many ads were run by Graham in Iowa before the vote?

Question: How much of the vote did Bob Graham have in Iowa after the election?

Question: When was Bob Graham performing his best in the race?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The dismal results caused Gephardt to drop out and later endorse Kerry. Carol Moseley Braun also dropped out, endorsing Howard Dean. Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally. Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience, but the crowd noise was being filtered out by his unidirectional microphone, leaving only his full-throated exhortations audible to the television viewers. To those at home, he seemed to raise his voice out of sheer emotion. The incessant replaying of the "Dean Scream" by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of media bias. The scream scene was shown approximately 633 times by cable and broadcast news networks in just four days following the incident, a number that does not include talk shows and local news broadcasts. However, those who were in the actual audience that day insist that they were not aware of the infamous "scream" until they returned to their hotel rooms and saw it on TV.

Question: Which candidate, after dropping out, went on to endorse Kerry?
Answer: Gephardt

Question: Which troubled candidate did Carol Moseley Braun end up endorsing, after she dropped out?
Answer: Howard Dean

Question: The continual playing of Dean's post-rally speech by the media stirred what type of controversy?
Answer: whether Dean was the victim of media bias

Question: What tag did the media attach to Dean's post-rally speech?
Answer: "Dean Scream"

Question: Did those in attendance at Dean's speech know about the "Dean Scream"?
Answer: they were not aware

Question: Where did Carol Moseley Braun give a speech that hurt her campaign?

Question: What was Braun thought to be a victim of by the media?

Question: How many times were their news reports that focused on negative events in Braun's campaign?

Question: What place in the race was Braun?

Question: What was filtering the crowd noise when Braun was giving a speech?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.

Question: Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?
Answer: John Edwards

Question: Which candidate won the Oklahoma primary?
Answer: Clark

Question: Which candidate dropped out of the race, following losing the Oklahoma primary?
Answer: Lieberman

Question: Which candidate received heighted support after winning caucuses and primaries in many states?
Answer: Kerry

Question: After Clark and Dean dropped out, which candidate was considered to be the only real contender against Kerry?
Answer: Edwards

Question: What primary was won by Sharpton?

Question: What did Sharpton do the next day after losing in Nevada?

Question: How long did Sharpton finish strong in the race?

Question: What caused Sharpton to have increasing support by voters?

Question: What other candidate was the only threat to Sharpton's campaign?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.

Question: Which candidate was the fore-runner after definitively winning in the primaries and Minnesota caucuses?
Answer: Kerry

Question: Which candidate won his state primary, despite having already dropped out of his race?
Answer: Dean

Question: Which candidate finished in second place in the Georgia primary?
Answer: Edwards

Question: Besides Georgia, what other state primary did Edwards win?
Answer: South Carolina

Question: Which candidate dropped out of the race, next after Edwards?
Answer: Sharpton

Question: What is Sharpton's home state?

Question: What is the only state taken by Sharpton?

Question: In what month did Kerry officially leave the race?

Question: When did Kuninch win victories in California, Connecticut and Georgia?

Question: What caucuses did Kuninch also win in on Super Tuesday?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.

Question: Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?
Answer: John Edwards

Question: How many candidates did John Kerry name as potential prospects to be his running mate?
Answer: three

Question: What was the Kerry/Edwards slogan that was released prior to the start of the convention in Boston?
Answer: "stronger at home and more respected in the world."

Question: Which part of Kerry's Boston speech made reference to his military experience?
Answer: "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty."

Question: Which famous line from Kerry's speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns?
Answer: "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom"

Question: On what date did Tom Vilsack choose John Edwards as his running mate?

Question: In what city did Tom Vilsack speak at the DNC?

Question: What other two candidates did Tom Vilsack have on his list for possible running mates?

Question: What was the slogan for Vilsack/Edwards at the DNC?

Question: What did Vilsack mention that the future belonged to in his famous quote?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper." This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger." Bush (just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election) also sought to portray Kerry as a "Massachusetts liberal" who was out of touch with mainstream Americans. One of Kerry's slogans was "Stronger at home, respected in the world." This advanced the suggestion that Kerry would pay more attention to domestic concerns; it also encapsulated Kerry's contention that Bush had alienated American allies by his foreign policy.

Question: What was the primary focus of Bush's campaign?
Answer: national security

Question: How did Bush try to convey that he was the stronger, tougher candidate?
Answer: presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper."

Question: What phrase did Kerry use to try to express that he was more concerned for America?
Answer: "Stronger at home, respected in the world."

Question: What does Kerry feel Bush aliented the American people with?
Answer: his foreign policy

Question: The stategy that Bush used against Kerry was compared to what other similar strategy in the past?
Answer: just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election

Question: What did Dukakis focus his campaign on?

Question: What kind of leader did Dukakis want to be seen as?

Question: How was Bush portrayed as when compared to Dukakis?

Question: What attitude did Dukakis have on terrorism?

Question: What perception made Bush appear weaker than Dukakis?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

During August and September 2004, there was an intense focus on events that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bush was accused of failing to fulfill his required service in the Texas Air National Guard. However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents. Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes.

Question: Who was accused on not fulfilling their military service, during the fall of 2004?
Answer: Bush

Question: What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service?
Answer: a segment on 60 Minutes

Question: Which news agency came under review resulting in the firing of their producer?
Answer: CBS News

Question: Which time period came into the spotlight, during the fall of 2004?
Answer: the late 1960s and early 1970s

Question: What did the documents that were aired during the 60 Minutes segment come to be known as?
Answer: Killian documents

Question: What was Killian accused of not doing in 2004?

Question: What did the Texas Air National Guard focus on in September 2004?

Question: What news agency did a staffing change in 1970?

Question: When was the news producer hired at CBS?

Question: Who was fired after working for Bush in the 1970's?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.

Question: Where did the first debate, between Kerry and Bush take place?
Answer: University of Miami

Question: Who was considered to have been the winner of the debate?
Answer: Kerry

Question: Who was the moderator of the first debate between Kerry and Bush?
Answer: Jim Lehrer

Question: What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?
Answer: foreign policy

Question: How did the opinion regarding Kerry change, after being delared the winner of the debate?
Answer: strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign

Question: Where did the first debate between Lehrer and Kerry take place?

Question: What did Lehrer accuse Kerry of not doing in 2003?

Question: What was Lehrer's reply to Kerry in the debate?

Question: What was the deciding opinion about Lehrer's performance in the debate?

Question: What did the media air to show Lehrer's annoyance with Kerry?