Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Richmond,_Virginia

The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September 2007, ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston. The area is home to six Fortune 500 companies: electric utility Dominion Resources; CarMax; Owens & Minor; Genworth Financial; MeadWestvaco; McKesson Medical-Surgical and Altria Group. However, only Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco are headquartered within the city of Richmond; the others are located in the neighboring counties of Henrico and Hanover. In 2008, Altria moved its corporate HQ from New York City to Henrico County, adding another Fortune 500 corporation to Richmond's list. In February 2006, MeadWestvaco announced that they would move from Stamford, Connecticut, to Richmond in 2008 with the help of the Greater Richmond Partnership, a regional economic development organization that also helped locate Aditya Birla Minacs, Amazon.com, and Honeywell International, to the region.

Question: According to MarketWatch, where did Richmond rank among cities for business?
Answer: third

Question: What did MarketWatch think was the fourth best city for business?
Answer: Boston

Question: What type of business is Dominion Resources?
Answer: electric utility

Question: Prior to moving to the Richmond area, where was Altria's headquarters located?
Answer: New York City

Question: What company moved to Richmond from Connecticut?
Answer: MeadWestvaco
Richmond,_Virginia

Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond.

Question: Where is SunTrust Bank headquartered?
Answer: Atlanta

Question: What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in?
Answer: San Francisco

Question: Who owns Philip Morris USA?
Answer: Altria

Question: What DuPont factory is located in the Richmond area?
Answer: Spruance Plant

Question: What was the former name of UPS Freight?
Answer: Overnite Transportation
Richmond,_Virginia

Several of the city's large general museums are located near the Boulevard. On Boulevard proper are the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, lending their name to what is sometimes called the Museum District. Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassical former 1919 Broad Street Union Station. Immediately adjacent is the Children's Museum of Richmond, and two blocks away, the Virginia Center for Architecture. Within the downtown are the Library of Virginia and the Valentine Richmond History Center. Elsewhere are the Virginia Holocaust Museum and the Old Dominion Railway Museum.

Question: What architectural style was the 1919 Broad Street Union Station constructed in?
Answer: neoclassical

Question: How far away from the Virginia Center for Architecture is the Children's Museum of Richmond?
Answer: two blocks

Question: What district of Richmond is the Virginia Historical Society located in?
Answer: Museum District

Question: What museum is next to the Science Museum of Virginia?
Answer: Children's Museum of Richmond
Richmond,_Virginia

As the primary former Capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond is home to many museums and battlefields of the American Civil War. Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced. In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The temporary home of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee still stands on Franklin Street in downtown Richmond. The history of slavery and emancipation are also increasingly represented: there is a former slave trail along the river that leads to Ancarrow's Boat Ramp and Historic Site which has been developed with interpretive signage, and in 2007, the Reconciliation Statue was placed in Shockoe Bottom, with parallel statues placed in Liverpool and Benin representing points of the Triangle Trade.

Question: In what former industrial facility is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center located?
Answer: Tredegar Iron Works

Question: What government building is the Museum of the Confederacy located near?
Answer: Virginia State Capitol

Question: What is another name for the Davis Mansion?
Answer: White House of the Confederacy

Question: On what Richmond street did General Lee live for a while?
Answer: Franklin

Question: Where are the Reconciliation Statues outside Richmond located?
Answer: Liverpool and Benin
Richmond,_Virginia

Other historical points of interest include St. John's Church, the site of Patrick Henry's famous "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, features many of his writings and other artifacts of his life, particularly when he lived in the city as a child, a student, and a successful writer. The John Marshall House, the home of the former Chief Justice of the United States, is also located downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life. Hollywood Cemetery is the burial grounds of two U.S. Presidents as well as many Civil War officers and soldiers.

Question: What office was held by the inhabitant of the John Marshall House?
Answer: Chief Justice of the United States

Question: How many United States presidents are interred in Hollywood Cemetery?
Answer: two

Question: Who gave a speech that contained the famous saying "Give me liberty or give me death"?
Answer: Patrick Henry

Question: Where did Patrick Henry deliver his memorable speech?
Answer: St. John's Church
Richmond,_Virginia

The city is home to many monuments and memorials, most notably those along Monument Avenue. Other monuments include the A.P. Hill monument, the Bill "Bojangles" Robinson monument in Jackson Ward, the Christopher Columbus monument near Byrd Park, and the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument on Libby Hill. Located near Byrd Park is the famous World War I Memorial Carillon, a 56-bell carillon tower. Dedicated in 1956, the Virginia War Memorial is located on Belvedere overlooking the river, and is a monument to Virginians who died in battle in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.

Question: What was the nickname of Bill Robinson?
Answer: Bojangles

Question: Near what park is the monument dedicated to the person traditionally regarded as discovering America?
Answer: Byrd

Question: How many bells are contained in the World War I Memorial Carillon?
Answer: 56

Question: The dead of what war were the first to be commemorated by the Virginia War Memorial?
Answer: World War II

Question: In what neighborhood is the monument to Bill Robinson located?
Answer: Jackson Ward
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond has a significant arts community, some of which is contained in formal public-supported venues, and some of which is more DIY, such as local privately owned galleries, and private music venues, nonprofit arts organizations, or organic and venueless arts movements (e.g., house shows, busking, itinerant folk shows). This has led to tensions, as the city Richmond City levied an "admissions tax" to fund large arts projects like CentreStage, leading to criticism that it is funding civic initiatives on the backs of the organic local culture. Traditional Virginian folk music, including blues, country, and bluegrass are also notably present, and play a large part in the annual Richmond Folk Festival. The following is a list of the more formal arts establishments (Companies, theaters, galleries, and other large venues) in Richmond:

Question: What notable project was funded by Richmond's "admissions tax"?
Answer: CentreStage

Question: Along with blues and bluegrass, what is a type of folk music traditional to Virginia?
Answer: country

Question: Along with busking and itinerant folk shows, what is an example of venueless art?
Answer: house shows
Richmond,_Virginia

As of 2015 a variety of murals from internationally recognized street artists have appeared throughout the city as a result of the efforts of Art Whino and RVA Magazine with The Richmond Mural Project and the RVA Street Art Festival. Artists who have produced work in the city as a result of these festivals include ROA, Pixel Pancho, Gaia, Aryz, Alexis Diaz, Ever Siempre, Jaz, 2501, Natalia Rak, Pose MSK, Vizie, Jeff Soto, Mark Jenkins, Etam Cru- and local artists Hamilton Glass, Nils Westergard, and El Kamino. Both festivals are expected to continue this year with artists such as Ron English slated to produce work.

Question: Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?
Answer: Nils Westergard

Question: What periodical has attempted to attract internationally known mural artists to Richmond?
Answer: RVA

Question: What Richmond street art gathering has brought mural artists to the city?
Answer: RVA Street Art Festival
Richmond,_Virginia

From earliest days, Virginia, and Richmond in particular, have welcomed live theatrical performances. From Lewis Hallam's early productions of Shakespeare in Williamsburg, the focus shifted to Richmond's antebellum prominence as a main colonial and early 19th century performance venue for such celebrated American and English actors as William Macready, Edwin Forrest, and the Booth family. In the 20th century, Richmonders' love of theater continued with many amateur troupes and regular touring professional productions. In the 1960s a small renaissance or golden age accompanied the growth of professional dinner theaters and the fostering of theater by the Virginia Museum, reaching a peak in the 1970s with the establishment of a resident Equity company at the Virginia Museum Theater (now the Leslie Cheek) and the birth of Theatre IV, a company that continues to this day.

Question: In what city did Lewis Hallam present Shakespeare's plays?
Answer: Williamsburg

Question: What family of actors notably performed in 19th century Richmond?
Answer: Booth

Question: What is Virginia Museum Theater known as today?
Answer: Leslie Cheek

Question: During what decade did the Virginia Museum most significantly work to promote theater in Richmond?
Answer: 1970s
Richmond,_Virginia

Much of Richmond's early architecture was destroyed by the Evacuation Fire in 1865. It is estimated that 25% of all buildings in Richmond were destroyed during this fire. Even fewer now remain due to construction and demolition that has taken place since Reconstruction. In spite of this, Richmond contains many historically significant buildings and districts. Buildings remain from Richmond's colonial period, such as the Patteson-Schutte House and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), both built before 1750.

Question: What disaster destroyed many of the early buildings in Richmond?
Answer: Evacuation Fire

Question: What percentage of Richmond's buildings were burned in a single fire in 1865?
Answer: 25

Question: Prior to what year was the Patterson-Schutte House built?
Answer: 1750

Question: What is the name of the era from which the building housing the Edgar Allan Poe Museum dates?
Answer: colonial
Richmond,_Virginia

Architectural classicism is heavily represented in all districts of the city, particularly in Downtown, the Fan, and the Museum District. Several notable classical architects have designed buildings in Richmond. The Virginia State Capitol was designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in 1785. It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C. Robert Mills designed Monumental Church on Broad Street. Adjoining it is the 1845 Egyptian Building, one of the few Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.

Question: What state has the oldest capital building used continuously since it was built?
Answer: Maryland

Question: What architectural style was used to design the Virginia State Capitol?
Answer: neo-classical

Question: What notable federal government buildings were designed in the neoclassical style?
Answer: White House and The Capitol

Question: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building?
Answer: Egyptian Revival

Question: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau
Richmond,_Virginia

The firm of John Russell Pope designed Broad Street Station as well as Branch House on Monument Avenue, designed as a private residence in the Tudor style, now serving as the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design. Broad Street Station (or Union Station), designed in the Beaux-Arts style, is no longer a functioning station but is now home to the Science Museum of Virginia. Main Street Station, designed by Wilson, Harris, and Richards, has been returned to use in its original purpose. The Jefferson Hotel and the Commonwealth Club were both designed by the classically trained Beaux-Arts architects Carrère and Hastings. Many buildings on the University of Richmond campus, including Jeter Hall and Ryland Hall, were designed by Ralph Adams Cram, most famous for his Princeton University Chapel and the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.

Question: What architectural style was used to design Branch House?
Answer: Tudor

Question: Who designed Branch House?
Answer: John Russell Pope

Question: What is another name for Broad Street Station?
Answer: Union Station

Question: What style of architecture was used in the design of Union Station?
Answer: Beaux-Arts

Question: Who designed the Commonwealth Club?
Answer: Carrère and Hastings
Richmond,_Virginia

Among Richmond's most interesting architectural features is its Cast-iron architecture. Second only to New Orleans in its concentration of cast iron work, the city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials. Richmond's position as a center of iron production helped to fuel its popularity within the city. At the height of production in the 1890, 25 foundries operated in the city employing nearly 3,500 metal workers. This number is seven times the number of general construction workers being employed in Richmond at the time which illustrates the importance of its iron exports. Porches and fences in urban neighborhoods such as Jackson Ward, Church Hill, and Monroe Ward are particularly elaborate, often featuring ornate iron casts never replicated outside of Richmond. In some cases cast were made for a single residential or commercial application.

Question: What United States city has the most cast iron architecture?
Answer: New Orleans

Question: In what year did iron production in Richmond peak?
Answer: 1890

Question: How many more iron workers than construction workers were being employed in Richmond in 1890?
Answer: seven times

Question: Along with Jackson and Monroe Wards, what neighborhood notably features cast-iron fences?
Answer: Church Hill
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is home to several notable instances of various styles of modernism. Minoru Yamasaki designed the Federal Reserve Building which dominates the downtown skyline. The architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has designed two buildings: the Library of Virginia and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building. Philip Johnson designed the WRVA Building. The Richard Neutra-designed Rice House, a residence on a private island on the James River, remains Richmond's only true International Style home. The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores. Other notable architects to have worked in the city include Rick Mather, I.M. Pei, and Gordon Bunshaft.

Question: Who was the designer of the Federal Reserve Building?
Answer: Minoru Yamasaki

Question: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?
Answer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Question: What architectural style was the Rice House designed in?
Answer: International

Question: What university was Landis Gores associated with?
Answer: Harvard

Question: Who did Landis Gores design a home for?
Answer: W.G. Harris
Richmond,_Virginia

There are also parks on two major islands in the river: Belle Isle and Brown's Island. Belle Isle, at various former times a Powhatan fishing village, colonial-era horse race track, and Civil War prison camp, is the larger of the two, and contains many bike trails as well as a small cliff that is used for rock climbing instruction. One can walk the island and still see many of the remains of the Civil War prison camp, such as an arms storage room and a gun emplacement that was used to quell prisoner riots. Brown's Island is a smaller island and a popular venue of a large number of free outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or the James River Beer and Seafood Festival.

Question: What Native American tribe at one time lived on Belle Isle?
Answer: Powhatan

Question: During what conflict was Belle Isle used as a prison?
Answer: Civil War

Question: Between Brown's Island and Belle Isle, which is bigger?
Answer: Belle Isle

Question: On what island does the James River Beer and Seafood Festival take place?
Answer: Brown's Island

Question: How often does Friday Cheers take place on Brown's Island?
Answer: weekly
Richmond,_Virginia

Two other major parks in the city along the river are Byrd Park and Maymont, located near the Fan District. Byrd Park features a one-mile (1.6 km) running track, with exercise stops, a public dog park, and a number of small lakes for small boats, as well as two monuments, Buddha house, and an amphitheatre. Prominently featured in the park is the World War I Memorial Carillon, built in 1926 as a memorial to those that died in the war. Maymont, located adjacent to Byrd Park, is a 100-acre (40 ha) Victorian estate with a museum, formal gardens, native wildlife exhibits, nature center, carriage collection, and children's farm. Other parks in the city include Joseph Bryan Park Azalea Garden, Forest Hill Park (former site of the Forest Hill Amusement Park), Chimborazo Park (site of the National Battlefield Headquarters), among others.

Question: What part of Richmond is Maymont close to?
Answer: Fan District

Question: How many kilometers long is the track in Byrd Park?
Answer: 1.6

Question: How many monuments can be found in Byrd Park?
Answer: two

Question: In what year was the World War I Memorial Carillon constructed?
Answer: 1926

Question: What was previously located at the present location of Forest Hill Park?
Answer: Forest Hill Amusement Park
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia.

Question: What sport do the Washington Redskins play?
Answer: Football

Question: What sport do the Richmond Kickers compete in?
Answer: soccer

Question: With what Major League Baseball team are the Richmond Flying Squirrels associated?
Answer: San Francisco Giants

Question: What is the home ground of the Richmond Kickers?
Answer: City Stadium

Question: Where did the Richmond Braves move to?
Answer: Georgia
Richmond,_Virginia

Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.

Question: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400?
Answer: 1962

Question: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?
Answer: 2009

Question: In what direction does one travel from Richmond to reach Southside Speedway?
Answer: southwest

Question: What is the shape of Southside Speedway?
Answer: oval

Question: Along with "The Action Track," what is a nickname of Southside Speedway?
Answer: Toughest Track in the South
Richmond,_Virginia

The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective.

Question: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?
Answer: Berkshire Hathaway

Question: How many people buy the Richmond Times-Dispatch on Sunday?
Answer: 120,000

Question: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?
Answer: Style Weekly

Question: Before switching to its current publication schedule, how often was RVA Magazine published?
Answer: monthly

Question: Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication?
Answer: Richmond Free Press
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.

Question: How many representatives make up the Richmond city council?
Answer: nine

Question: What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch?
Answer: mayor

Question: How many years does the term of a Richmond city council representative last?
Answer: four

Question: On what day of the week does the city council meet?
Answer: Mondays

Question: In what month does the city council not meet?
Answer: August
Richmond,_Virginia

In 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Richmond City Council. As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today. Following Prince's election, Reverend Gwendolyn Hedgepeth and the Reverend Leonidas Young, former Richmond Mayor were elected to public office. Prior to Prince's election black clergy made political endorsements and served as appointees to the Richmond School Board and other boards throughout the city. Today religion and politics continues to thrive in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Honorable Dwight C. Jones, a prominent Baptist pastor and former Chairman of the Richmond School Board and Member of the Virginia House of Delegates serves as Mayor of the City of Richmond.

Question: What is A. Carl Prince's religious affiliation?
Answer: Baptist

Question: What is the current mayor of Richmond?
Answer: Dwight C. Jones

Question: In what year was the first black Baptist minister elected to the city council?
Answer: 1990

Question: In what district did A. Carl Prince win election to the city council?
Answer: Eighth

Question: What political organization supported the city council candidacy of A. Carl Prince?
Answer: Richmond Crusade for Voters
Richmond,_Virginia

The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College. There are several vocational colleges also, such as Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College.

Question: What type of university is the University of Richmond?
Answer: private

Question: What is a for-profit university in Richmond?
Answer: South University - Richmond

Question: What does BTSR stand for?
Answer: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond

Question: Where is John Tyler Community College located?
Answer: Chesterfield County

Question: What is Richmond's public university?
Answer: Virginia Commonwealth
Richmond,_Virginia

The Greater Richmond area is served by the Richmond International Airport (IATA: RIC, ICAO: KRIC), located in nearby Sandston, seven miles (11 km) southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia. Richmond International is now served by nine airlines with over 200 daily flights providing non-stop service to major destination markets and connecting flights to destinations worldwide. A record 3.3 million passengers used Richmond International Airport in 2006, a 13% increase over 2005.

Question: How many kilometers away from Richmond is Richmond International Airport?
Answer: 11

Question: About how long does it take to drive from Richmond International Airport to Williamsburg?
Answer: an hour

Question: How many airlines operate out of Richmond International?
Answer: nine

Question: What percentage increase in passenger traffic did Richmond International experience between 2005 and 2006?
Answer: 13

Question: What direction do you travel to get from Richmond to Sandston?
Answer: southeast
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provides curbside service from outside of Main Street Station, with fares starting at $1. Direct service is available to Washington, D.C., Hampton Roads, Charlotte, Raleigh, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Most other connections to Megabus served cites, such as New York, can be made from Washington, D.C. Richmond, and the surrounding metropolitan area, was granted[when?] a roughly $25 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to support a newly proposed Rapid Transit System, which would run along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing, in the first phase of an improved public transportation hub for the region.

Question: What is the street address if the Greyhound bus terminal in Richmond?
Answer: 2910 N Boulevard

Question: How long does a bus trip from Richmond to New York City take?
Answer: 7.5 hours

Question: What is the lowest fare on Megabus?
Answer: $1

Question: How much did the Department of Transportation give to Richmond for its Rapid Transit System?
Answer: $25 million

Question: What city in Maryland does Megabus travel to?
Answer: Baltimore
Richmond,_Virginia

Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public transportation despite dense housing, retail, and office development. According to a 2008 GRTC operations analysis report, a majority of GRTC riders utilize their services because they do not have an available alternative such as a private vehicle.

Question: What counties does the GRTC link to Richmond?
Answer: Henrico, and Chesterfield

Question: Along with Short Pump, what comprises the far part of the West End?
Answer: Innsbrook

Question: According to a GRTC report, what is an example of what most of its riders lack?
Answer: private vehicle

Question: What is GRTC an initialism of?
Answer: Greater Richmond Transit Company
Richmond,_Virginia

The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.

Question: What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond?
Answer: Staples Mill Road Station

Question: What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper?
Answer: Main Street Station

Question: In what year was Richmond's railroad station renovated?
Answer: 2004

Question: Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?
Answer: Newport News

Question: Why does the Main Street Station only receive rail traffic from Newport News and Williamsburg?
Answer: track layout
Richmond,_Virginia

Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown).

Question: Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?
Answer: Dominion Virginia Power

Question: How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in?
Answer: nine

Question: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?
Answer: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station

Question: In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located?
Answer: Chester

Question: What type of power plant is Darbytown?
Answer: natural gas
Richmond,_Virginia

The wastewater treatment plant and distribution system of water mains, pumping stations and storage facilities provide water to approximately 62,000 customers in the city. There is also a wastewater treatment plant located on the south bank of the James River. This plant can treat up to 70 million gallons of water per day of sanitary sewage and stormwater before returning it to the river. The wastewater utility also operates and maintains 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of sanitary sewer and pumping stations, 38 miles (61 km) of intercepting sewer lines, and the Shockoe Retention Basin, a 44-million-gallon stormwater reservoir used during heavy rains.

Question: How many kilometers of sewer lines exist in Richmond?
Answer: 61

Question: How much water is contained in Shockoe Retention Basin?
Answer: 44-million-gallon

Question: How many Richmond inhabitants get their water from the wastewater treatment plant?
Answer: 62,000

Question: How much sewage and stormwater can the treatment plant adjacent to the James River treat daily?
Answer: 70 million gallons
Infection

 Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens:

Question: Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals?
Answer: relatively few

Question: Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what?
Answer: Infectious disease

Question: What does the severity of a disease resulting from a pathogen depend on?
Answer: ability of that pathogen to damage the host

Question: What can a host's immune system do to a host?
Answer: cause damage

Question: What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of?
Answer: host defenses

Question: How many microorganisms cause repair in otherwise healthy individuals?

Question: What is prevented by interplay between pathogens and attacks of hosts?

Question: What does the level of an achievement resulting from a pathogen depend on?

Question: What can a host's immune system allow from a host?

Question: What do clinicians ignore the status of when they classify infectious microorganisms?
Infection

One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).

Question: What is one way of proving that a given disease is infectious?
Answer: satisfy Koch's postulates

Question: What must an infectious agent only be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates?
Answer: patients and not in healthy controls

Question: What is Koch's second postulate?
Answer: patients who contract the agent also develop the disease

Question: Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases?
Answer: because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual

Question: What is the causative spirochete of syphilis? 
Answer: Treponema pallidum

Question: What is one way of proving that a given disease is safe?

Question: What must an infectious agent not be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates?

Question: What is Koch's worst postulate?

Question: Why can Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many reptile diseases?

Question: What is no longer the causative spirochete of syphilis?
Infection

Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/communicable diseases with more specialized routes of infection, such as vector transmission or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as "contagious", and often do not require medical isolation (sometimes loosely called quarantine) of victims. However, this specialized connotation of the word "contagious" and "contagious disease" (easy transmissibility) is not always respected in popular use.

Question: When are infectious diseases called contagious diseases? 
Answer: when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person

Question: What is a contagious disease a subset of?
Answer: infectious disease

Question: What sets a contagious disease after from a standard infectious disease?
Answer: especially infective or easily transmitted

Question: Diseases with vector transmission or sexual transmission don't often require what type of isolation?
Answer: medical

Question: What is not always respected in popular use?
Answer: specialized connotation of the word "contagious"

Question: When are infectious diseases called impossible diseases?

Question: What is a contagious disease more important than?

Question: What sets a contagious disease equal to a standard infectious disease?

Question: What is always respected in popular use?
Infection

Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a suppressed immune system are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Entrance to the host at host-pathogen interface, generally occurs through the mucosa in orifices like the oral cavity, nose, eyes, genitalia, anus, or the microbe can enter through open wounds. While a few organisms can grow at the initial site of entry, many migrate and cause systemic infection in different organs. Some pathogens grow within the host cells (intracellular) whereas others grow freely in bodily fluids.

Question: When does infection begin?
Answer: when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies.

Question: What group is not easily infected?
Answer: humans

Question: What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?
Answer: weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic

Question: What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections?
Answer: Individuals who have a suppressed immune system

Question: What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells?
Answer: intracellular

Question: When does infection become unstoppable?

Question: What group is never infected?

Question: What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?

Question: What individuals are particularly safe to opportunistic infections?

Question: What is it called when a pathogen explodes within the host cells?
Infection

Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host. An example of the former is the anaerobic bacteria species, which colonizes the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter is various species of staphylococcus that exist on human skin. Neither of these colonizations are considered infections. The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection. Some colonizing bacteria, such as Corynebacteria sp. and viridans streptococci, prevent the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria and thus have a symbiotic relationship with the host, preventing infection and speeding wound healing.

Question: What does wound colonization refer to?
Answer: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound

Question: What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?
Answer: replicating

Question: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?
Answer: extrinsic organisms

Question: What species colonizes the mammalian colon?
Answer: anaerobic bacteria

Question: What's the difference between an infection and a colonization?
Answer: only a matter of circumstance

Question: What does wound colonization mean to avoid?

Question: What are few multicellular organisms colonized to some degree by?

Question: What type of organisms tickle and heal tissue in infected wounds?

Question: What's the only similarity between an infection and a colonization?

Question: What rodent colonizes the mammalian colon?
Infection

Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "Rational Clinical Examination Series" quantified the importance of increased pain as an indicator of infection. The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11-20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64-0.88).

Question: Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected?
Answer: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization

Question: What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?
Answer: symptoms and signs

Question: What is increased pain an indicator of?
Answer: infection

Question: What does not rule out infection?
Answer: absence of pain

Question: Why is it easy to know which chronic wounds are infected?

Question: What is there unlimited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?

Question: What is reduced pain an indicator of?

Question: What will always rule out infection?

Question: What is rarely seen in clinical practice?
Infection

Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases toxins that produce shock and sepsis. Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop disease. On the other hand, some infectious agents are highly virulent. The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected.

Question: Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host?
Answer: damage

Question: What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of?
Answer: toxins

Question: What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do?
Answer: paralyzes muscles

Question: What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis?
Answer: staphylococcus

Question: What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease?
Answer: less than 5%

Question: When an organism prevents what from the host a disease can arise?

Question: What can a microorganism repair tissue damage by releasing a variety of?

Question: What does the toxin Clostridium tetani release help avoid?

Question: What releases toxins which produce joy and euphoria?

Question: What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death?
Infection

Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can maintain a persistent infection by infecting different cells of the body. Some viruses once acquired never leave the body. A typical example is the herpes virus, which tends to hide in nerves and become reactivated when specific circumstances arise.

Question: Why do persistent infections occur?
Answer: body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection

Question: What are persistent infections characterized by the continual presence of?
Answer: the infectious organism

Question: How can some viruses main a persistent infection?
Answer: by infecting different cells of the body

Question: What never leave the body when acquired?
Answer: Some viruses

Question: Where does the herpes virus hide?
Answer: in nerves

Question: Why do persistent infections never occur?

Question: What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of?

Question: How can some viruses cure a persistent infection?

Question: What always leave the body when acquired?

Question: Where does the herpes virus avoid?