Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Prime_minister

Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation.

Question: What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?
Answer: cohabitation

Question: What can the French parliament cause in order to oust the prime minister?
Answer: resignation of the government

Question: What french official must be approved by the parliment?

Question: what can the prime minister force in order to oust the government in France?

Question: What is it called when the president and and legislature are controlled by the same party
Prime_minister

Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.

Question: Which constitution details the role and abilities of the prime minister?
Answer: Bangladesh's

Question: What other considerations are included in the constitution of Bangladesh as regards the prime minister?
Answer: the process of his/her appointment and dismissal

Question: What contry only vaugly outlines the role of prime minister?
Prime_minister

The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese.

Question: What is directly above the premier in the People's Republic of China?
Answer: the National People's Congress

Question: What is the pinyin form of premier?
Answer: Zŏnglĭ

Question: Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China?
Prime_minister

Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.

Question: Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?
Answer: the Constitution Act

Question: When was the Constitution Act passed?
Answer: 1982

Question: The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?
Answer: federal and provincial first ministers

Question: What country has completly uncodified constitution?

Question: What document in Canada has allowed for a prime minister since it was drafted?

Question: What act was passed in the 18th century?
Prime_minister

Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.

Question: What document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the Czech Republic?
Answer: constitution

Question: Who's constitution is not clear on how a prime minster should be removed?
Prime_minister

The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist", indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905).

Question: When was prime minister first mentioned in a government document in the UK?
Answer: first decade of the twentieth century

Question: Who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as Chancellor of the Exchequer?
Answer: Balfour

Question: When did Balfour last hold the titles of prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer?
Answer: 1905

Question: Who's constitution is well codefied?

Question: What office did not exist in any form in the UK until the early twentieth century?

Question: Who was the forst prime minister to also be Chancellor of the Exchequer?

Question: When did Balfour leave the offeice of Chancellor of the Exchequer to become Prime Minisater?
Prime_minister

Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.

Question: Which prime minister was appointed only one time?
Answer: Margaret Thatcher

Question: When was Thatcher appointed prime minister?
Answer: 1979

Question: When did Thatcher last hold power?
Answer: 1990

Question: What did Margaret Thatcher reconfigure following each general election?
Answer: cabinet

Question: What leader of the cabinet has a limeted term?

Question: What Prime Minister was appointed multiple times?
Prime_minister

Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.

Question: What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?
Answer: Taoiseach

Question: From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected?
Answer: the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament

Question: When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?
Answer: after every general election

Question: Who is chosen from the party that hold a minority of seats in the lower hhouse of parliment?

Question: Who is the Taoiseach in the UK?

Question: When is the Taoiseach reelected?
Prime_minister

In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either:

Question: Most parliamentary governments need to have the support of what governmental body?
Answer: lower house of parliament

Question: Which political division does not often utilize its power, if it has any?
Answer: upper houses

Question: What kind of referendum can the lower house of parliament take against the government?
Answer: vote of confidence

Question: What needs the support of the upper house of parliment?

Question: What does the lower house seldom use?

Question: What kind of referendum can the lower house take against the upper house of parliment?
Prime_minister

The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.

Question: Who can put a stop the parliamentary attempts at dissovling itself in some areas?
Answer: head of state

Question: If the head of state prevents the dissolution of parliament, what needs to happen?
Answer: resignation of the prime minister and his or her government

Question: In contemporary parliamentary governments, which official is usually in charge of asking parliament to dissolve?
Answer: prime minister

Question: who has the power to disolve parliment?

Question: Who can the prime minister damand a resignation from?

Question: what kind of dissalution can parliment request?
Prime_minister

Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).

Question: When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?
Answer: 1918

Question: In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister?
Answer: 1937

Question: The 1922 Irish Free State Constitution previously gave what body the power to dissolve parliament?
Answer: the Executive Council

Question: What was the Executive Council an alternate name for?
Answer: cabinet

Question: Who lost the power to request a dissolution of parliment in 1918?

Question: since when has the power to request a dissalution belonged to the whole government?

Question: What does the Executive Council have the power to do in Ireland?

Question: What could the Taoiseach due prior to 1922
Prime_minister

In Australia, the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd.

Question: What process signals the need for the prime minister to resign in Australia?
Answer: spill motion

Question: What motion requires the head of State to step down in Australia?

Question: Who sucefully stopped a spill motion in Australia?
Prime_minister

In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).

Question: What is the Russian term for prime minister?
Answer: Chairman of the government

Question: What is the Israeli term for prime minister?
Answer: Rosh HaMemshalah

Question: What is the term used in spain for prime minister?
Answer: President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)

Question: What is the Irish term for prime minister?
Answer: Taoiseach

Question: Who is Chairmen of the government in Ireland?

Question: What is another termfor Rosh HaMemshalah in Russia?
Prime_minister

Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.

Question: What is the Italian term for the prime minister?
Answer: president of the council of ministers

Question: What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?
Answer: statsminister

Question: What does the title Satsminister refer to in Italy?

Question: Who is nown as the prime minister in federations?
Prime_minister

The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.

Question: What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?
Answer: premier

Question: Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government?
Answer: Germany and Austria

Question: What is the head of Monaco's government called?
Answer: Minister of State

Question: What is the term for the highest position in government in Vatican City?
Answer: Secretary of State

Question: What is the head of Iran's government called?
Answer: President

Question: What is the secretary of State in Italy?

Question: Who is head of state and government in Iran?
Prime_minister

In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.

Question: In what kinds of nations can the head of government attain the title of Excellency?
Answer: non-Commonwealth countries

Question: What honorific title can be given to prime ministers in commonwealth nations?
Answer: Right Honourable

Question: What are British prime ministers part of that grants them the title Right Honourable?
Answer: Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council

Question: What is an example of a country where prime ministers can be called Right Honourable solely because of their position?
Answer: Canada

Question: What is the prime minister entitled to in Commonwealth countries?

Question: Who is called Honourable in non Commonwealth countries?

Question: Who can not be part of the privy council?
Prime_minister

In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".

Question: What kind of government is in operation in the United Kingdom?
Answer: devolved

Question: What are the heads of government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland called?
Answer: First Minister

Question: What is the Indian term for Prime Minister?
Answer: Pradhan Mantri

Question: What is the term for prime minister in Pakistan?
Answer: Wazir-e-Azam

Question: What does Wazir-e-Azam mean in English?
Answer: Grand Vizier

Question: what is undeveloped in the UK?
Prime_minister

The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia.

Question: What is the head of government's office called in Canada?
Answer: Office of the Prime Minister

Question: What is the head of government's office called in the UK?
Answer: Cabinet Office

Question: What is the Cabinet in Canada?

Question: What never includes the role of Cabinet?
Prime_minister

The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government. In some places alternative titles such as "premier", "chief minister", "first minister of state", "president of the council" or "chancellor" were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same.

Question: What istitutions were prestiges in the 1900's

Question: What empire expanded in the 1900's?

Question: Who avoided using the the British model o cabinet government?
Institute_of_technology

The English term polytechnic appeared in the early 19th century, from the French École Polytechnique, an engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris. The French term comes from the Greek πολύ (polú or polý) meaning "many" and τεχνικός (tekhnikós) meaning "arts".

Question: In what century did the term polytechnic first show up?
Answer: 19th century

Question: What school founded in 1794 first used a form of the word polytechnic in its name?
Answer: École Polytechnique

Question: What language does the French word polytechnique come from?
Answer: Greek
Institute_of_technology

While the terms "institute of technology" and "polytechnic" are synonymous, the preference concerning which one is the preferred term varies from country to country.[citation needed]

Question: What word means the same thing as "institute of technology"?
Answer: polytechnic
Institute_of_technology

The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.

Question: What was the first institute of technology in the world?
Answer: the Berg-Schola

Question: What war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics?
Answer: World War II

Question: What was the founding name of the Braunschweig University of Technology?
Answer: Collegium Carolinum

Question: In what year was the École Polytechnique founded?
Answer: 1794
Institute_of_technology

In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and Polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelor's, master's and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—Level 9 of the National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)—for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others.

Question: In what year were polytechnics in the UK given the university designation?
Answer: 1992

Question: What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?
Answer: University of Westminster

Question: What street is the University of Westminster on?
Answer: Regent Street
Institute_of_technology

During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later.

Question: What name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes?
Answer: University of Technology

Question: What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early nineties?
Answer: College of Advanced Education system
Institute_of_technology

Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor degress. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period.

Question: What's the four-letter abbreviation for technically minded technical and further education institutes?
Answer: TAFE

Question: What is the new name of the Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE?
Answer: Melbourne Polytechnic
Institute_of_technology

Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.

Question: What's the German word for a tertiary education institution?
Answer: Fachhochschule

Question: In addition to Bachelor's degrees, what other kind of degree can one earn from a Fachhochschule?
Answer: master's degrees
Institute_of_technology

In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found here.

Question: How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?
Answer: four

Question: How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands today?
Answer: three
Institute_of_technology

Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level, however university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources.

Question: In what city is the École Polytechnique de Montréal located?
Answer: Quebec

Question: In addition to private equity and industry sources, what's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in Canada?
Answer: public funding
Institute_of_technology

Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada; a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology.

Question: What is Canada's national alliance of 11 research-focused schools called?
Answer: Polytechnics Canada

Question: What kind of projects does Polytechnics Canada sponsor that can lead to technology commercialization?
Answer: collaborative institute-industry projects
Institute_of_technology

China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical.

Question: In what year was the Imperial Tientsin University founded in China?
Answer: 1895

Question: What was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts?
Answer: Capital University

Question: What portion of China's elite universities still have a primary polytechnical focus today?
Answer: half
Institute_of_technology

One of the oldest observatories in South America is the Quito Astronomical Observatory. Founded in 1873 and located 12 minutes south of the Equator in Quito, Ecuador. The Quito Astronomical Observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador and is located in the Historic Center of Quito and is managed by the National Polytechnic School.

Question: What observatory is the National Observatory of Ecuador?
Answer: Quito Astronomical Observatory

Question: What school oversees the Quito Astronomical Observatory?
Answer: National Polytechnic School

Question: When was the Quito Astronomical Observatory founded?
Answer: 1873
Institute_of_technology

Its mission is to provide high quality education, training and research in the areas of science and technology to produce qualified professionals that can apply their knowledge and skills in the country's development.

Question: If the mission is achieved, professionals will apply what they've learned to what goal?
Answer: the country's development
Institute_of_technology

Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas.

Question: In what country are polytechnic schools designated uniquely from academic universities?
Answer: Finland

Question: What word means polytechnic school in Finnish?
Answer: ammattikorkeakoulus

Question: What's the Swedish word for a polytechnic school?
Answer: yrkeshögskola
Institute_of_technology

Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include :

Question: Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field?
Answer: technology
Institute_of_technology

In addition, France's education system includes many institutes of technology, embedded within most French universities. They are referred-to as institut universitaire de technologie (IUT). Instituts universitaires de technologie provide undergraduate technology curricula. 'Polytech institutes', embedded as a part of eleven French universities provide both undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula.

Question: What are an institute of technology called in France?
Answer: institut universitaire de technologie

Question: What's the three-letter acronym for institut universitaire de technologie?
Answer: IUT
Institute_of_technology

Higher education systems, that are influenced by the French education system set at the end of the 18th century, use a terminology derived by reference to the French École polytechnique. Such terms include Écoles Polytechniques (Algeria, Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, Tunisia), Escola Politécnica (Brasil, Spain), Polytechnicum (Eastern Europe).

Question: In Eastern Europe, what is the word for an institute of technology?
Answer: Polytechnicum

Question: What century in France's history included the French École polytechnique that influenced education systems in other countries?
Answer: 18th

Question: What term in Brasil and Spain refers to a polytechnic institute?
Answer: Escola Politécnica
Institute_of_technology

Fachhochschulen were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.

Question: Fachhochschulen first came about in the early years of what decade?
Answer: 1970s

Question: Fachhochschulen favor an education in what, as opposed to research?
Answer: teaching

Question: In addition to technology, Fachhochschulen offer courses in social science, medicine, design, and what other discipline?
Answer: business
Institute_of_technology

There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The four states of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein are not operating a Technische Universität. Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.

Question: How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?
Answer: 17

Question: What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?
Answer: 290,000

Question: Which German state has the highest ratio of universities of technology to standard universities?
Answer: Saxony
Institute_of_technology

The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994, and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.

Question: What was the very first polytechnic school in Hong Kong?
Answer: The Hong Kong Polytechnic

Question: What was the original name of Hong Kong Polytechnic?
Answer: Hong Kong Technical College

Question: In what year was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded?
Answer: 1984

Question: What Hong Kong university was created in 1991?
Answer: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Question: When did the two polytechnic schools in Hong Kong receive status as universities?
Answer: 1994
Institute_of_technology

The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education courses. After the Treaty of Trianon the institute had to be moved to Sopron.

Question: What kind of mining did the world's first institute of technology prepare students for?
Answer: copper

Question: What's the founding year of the first institute of technology ever?
Answer: 1735

Question: Who established the Berg-Schola?
Answer: Court Chamber of Vienna
Institute_of_technology

There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.

Question: How many private institutes of technology are there in India?
Answer: 16

Question: How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?
Answer: 30

Question: What organization oversees India's technical education institutions?
Answer: AICTE
Institute_of_technology

There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds other institute that owned by private or other institutions.

Question: How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have?
Answer: four
Institute_of_technology

In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:

Question: What term in higher education refers to technical universities that award engineering degrees?
Answer: Politecnico

Question: Traditionally, how many Politecnici were there?
Answer: two
Institute_of_technology

In Japan, an institute of technology (工業大学, kōgyō daigaku?) is a type of university that specializes in the sciences. See also the Imperial College of Engineering, which was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty.

Question: What college was the forerunner for the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo?
Answer: Imperial College of Engineering

Question: What area of discipline do Japan's institutes of technology specialize in?
Answer: sciences
Institute_of_technology

Polytechnics in Malaysia has been operated for almost 44 years. The institutions provide courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science (BSc) (offer at Premier Polytechnics for September 2013 intake & 2014 intake), Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate. It was established by the Ministry of Education with the help of UNESCO in 1969. The amount of RM24.5 million is used to fund the pioneer of Politeknik Ungku Omar located in Ipoh, Perak from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

Question: What country has operated polytechnic institutes for nearly 44 years?
Answer: Malaysia

Question: What international organization partnered with Malaysia's Ministry of Education in 1969?
Answer: UNESCO

Question: In what city in the state of Perak is the Politeknik Ungku Omar located?
Answer: Ipoh
Institute_of_technology

At present, Malaysia have developed 32 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012.

Question: How many polytechnic institutes does Malaysia have now?
Answer: 32

Question: How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2009?
Answer: 60,840

Question: How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2012?
Answer: 87,440
Institute_of_technology

The only technical university in Mauritius is the University of Technology, Mauritius with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. It has a specialized mission with a technology focus. It applies traditional and beyond traditional approaches to teaching, training, research and consultancy. The university has been founded with the aim to play a key role in the economic and social development of Mauritius through the development of programmes of direct relevance to the country’s needs, for example in areas like technology, sustainable development science, and public sector policy and management.

Question: What's the name of Mauritius's sole technical university?
Answer: University of Technology, Mauritius

Question: What's the focus of Mauritius's University of Technology's specialized mission?
Answer: technology
Institute_of_technology

Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the North Island, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with UCOL. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.)

Question: What school did Massey University combine with?
Answer: Wellington Polytechnic

Question: In what decade did New Zealand's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation?
Answer: 1990s

Question: What school considered a merger with Waikato Institute of Technology that was later abandoned?
Answer: Central Institute of Technology

Question: What island was Waiarapa Polytechnic located on before it merged with UCOL?
Answer: North Island
Institute_of_technology

The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades.

Question: In Pakistan, a student's tests in what grade determine their admission to a diploma program?
Answer: 10th

Question: What are people being trained for, mainly, in Pakistan's polytechnic institutes?
Answer: trades

Question: How many years does it usually take to earn a diploma from polytechnic schools in Pakistan?
Answer: three
Institute_of_technology

The designation "Institute of Technology" is not applied at all, being meaningless in Portugal. However, there are higher education educational institutions in Portugal since the 1980s, which are called polytechnics. After 1998 they were upgraded to institutions which are allowed to confer bachelor's degrees (the Portuguese licenciatura). Before then, they only awarded short-cycle degrees which were known as bacharelatos and did not provide further education. After the Bologna Process in 2007, they have been allowed to offer 2nd cycle (master's) degrees to its students. The polytechnical higher education system provides a more practical training and is profession-oriented, while the university higher education system has a strong theoretical basis and is highly research-oriented.

Question: What is the Portuguese word for the short-cycle degrees awarded prior to 1988?
Answer: bacharelatos

Question: What process was instituted in 2007 that brought Master's degrees to the polytechnic education system?
Answer: Bologna Process
Institute_of_technology

Polytechnics offer three-year diploma courses in fields such as information technology, engineering subjects and other vocational fields, like psychology and nursing. There are 5 polytechnics in Singapore. They are namely:

Question: How many polytechnics are there in Singapore?
Answer: 5

Question: How many years of study would it take to obtain a degree from a polytechnic in Singapore?
Answer: three
Institute_of_technology

The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.

Question: What queen set up the Banská Akadémia?
Answer: queen Maria Theresa

Question: What year was the Banská Akadémia founded?
Answer: 1735

Question: The Banská Akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals?
Answer: silver and gold

Question: What year did teaching start at the Banská Akadémia?
Answer: 1764

Question: What are the university buildings still standing at the Banská Akadémia used for now?
Answer: teaching
Institute_of_technology

Most of Thailand's institutes of technology were developed from technical colleges, in the past could not grant bachelor's degrees; today, however, they are university level institutions, some of which can grant degrees to the doctoral level. Examples are Pathumwan Institute of Technology (developed from Pathumwan Technical School), King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (Nondhaburi Telecommunications Training Centre), and King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok (Thai-German Technical School).

Question: Most institutes of technology in Thailand were born out of what other type of institutions?
Answer: technical colleges

Question: What type of degree were Thailand's technical colleges historically not allowed to confer?
Answer: bachelor's degrees

Question: What's the new name of Pathumwan Technical School?
Answer: Pathumwan Institute of Technology
Institute_of_technology

There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to "University of Technology": Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thonburi Technology Institute).

Question: What did the Thonburi Technology Institute become after its name change?
Answer: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi

Question: What was the previous name of Rajamangala University of Technology?
Answer: Institute of Technology and Vocational Education
Institute_of_technology

Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.

Question: What is the name of Thammasat University's engineering school?
Answer: Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology

Question: What is Thailand's only government-established and owned institute of technology?
Answer: Suranaree University of Technology

Question: What year was Suranaree University of Technology founded?
Answer: 1989

Question: What is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in Thailand?
Answer: Mahanakorn University of Technology
Institute_of_technology

In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University.

Question: What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010?
Answer: Bursa Technical University

Question: When Konya Technical University opens, how many total institutes of technology will there be in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: six

Question: What two cities in Turkey acquired institutes of technology in the 1950s?
Answer: Ankara and Trabzon
Institute_of_technology

Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.

Question: What year did UK polytechnics start functioning in a binary education system?
Answer: 1970

Question: What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools?
Answer: the UK Council for National Academic Awards

Question: What two-word term does Scotland use to describe their technological universities?
Answer: Central Institutions

Question: What was the first polytechnic in Britain originally named?
Answer: Royal Polytechnic Institution
Institute_of_technology

In 1956, some colleges of technology received the designation College of Advanced Technology. They became universities in the 1960s meaning they could award their own degrees. The designation "Institute of Technology" was occasionally used by polytechnics (Bolton), Central Institutions (Dundee, Robert Gordon's), and postgraduate universities, (Cranfield and Wessex), most of which later adopted the designation University, and there were two "Institutes of Science and Technology": UMIST and UWIST, part of the University of Wales. Loughborough University was called Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996, the only institution in the UK to have had such a designation.

Question: How many Institutes of Science and Technology were affiliated with the University of Wales?
Answer: two

Question: What was the name Loughborough University was known by from 1966 to 1996?
Answer: Loughborough University of Technology

Question: In what decade did colleges of technology gain the University designation?
Answer: 1960s