Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth_II

The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks. The Queen's visit to Australia in October 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her "farewell tour" in the press because of her age.

Question: When was the second address to the UN by Elizabeth?
Answer: 2010

Question: Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?
Answer: Ban Ki-moon

Question: As what did Ban Ki-Moon introduce Elizabeth to the UN?
Answer: "an anchor for our age"

Question: For whom was the garden Elizabeth opened a memorial?
Answer: British victims

Question: When was Elizabeth's farewell visit to Australia?
Answer: October 2011

Question: In what year did the Queen first address the United Nations?

Question: In what year did Ban Ki-moon become the UN Secretary General?

Question: In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?

Question: How many British people died in the 9-11 attack?

Question: How many times has the Queen toured Canada?
Elizabeth_II

From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George. Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign. The Queen also possesses royal standards and personal flags for use in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, and elsewhere.

Question: Until she became queen, what flower was on Elizabeth's coat of arms?
Answer: Tudor rose

Question: When did Elizabeth acquire her father's arms?
Answer: Upon her accession

Question: Besides personal flags,what other types of flags does Elizabeth have?
Answer: royal standards

Question: What type of flags are used in foreign countries?
Answer: personal

Question: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?
Answer: 21 April 1944

Question: How many points does Elizabeth's arms bear on her argent after her accession?

Question: What has been the centre point of Elizabeth's arms since she ascended to the throne?

Question: On what date was Elizabeth ascended to the throne?

Question: What are on each side of the three points argent of Elizabeth's current arms since she ascended to the throne?

Question: What shape is Elizabeth's royal coat of arms since her accession?
Elizabeth_II

Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.

Question: In what city was Elizabeth born?
Answer: London

Question: At the time of her birth, what was the rank of Elizabeth's parents?
Answer: Duke and Duchess of York

Question: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?
Answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

Question: How many children did Elizabeth's parents have?
Answer: two daughters

Question: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?
Answer: abdication of his brother

Question: In what year was Edward VIII crowned?

Question: What is Elizabeth's sisters name?

Question: Who is Elizabeth's oldest child?

Question: Who is Elizabeth's youngest child?

Question: In what year was Edward born?
Elizabeth_II

During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as the Prince of Wales was still young, and many assumed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, after her father. Later that year Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth's father became king, and she became heir presumptive. If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession.

Question: When she was born, where in the order of succession was Elizabeth?
Answer: third

Question: Before Elizabeth's father who was next in line for the throne?
Answer: Edward, Prince of Wales

Question: When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?
Answer: 1936

Question: What event caused Edward to abdicate the throne?
Answer: proposed marriage

Question: What did Edward's proposed marriage to Simpson cause?
Answer: constitutional crisis

Question: In what year did Wallis Simpson divorce?

Question: What was Elizabeth's father's name?

Question: In what year was Elizabeth born?
Elizabeth_II

With Elizabeth's accession, it seemed probable that the royal house would bear her husband's name, becoming the House of Mountbatten, in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband's surname on marriage. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. The Duke complained, "I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children." In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles.

Question: What name was it assumed Elizabeth would take upon her marriage to Philip?
Answer: Mountbatten,

Question: What Prime Minister objected to the name change?
Answer: Winston Churchill

Question: What name did Elizabeth keep as her married name?
Answer: House of Windsor

Question: What name was adopted for Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not have royal titles? 
Answer: Mountbatten-Windsor

Question: When did Elizabeth decree the use of Mountbatten-Windsor as the  surname? 
Answer: 1960

Question: In what year did Winston Churchill die?

Question: How many male-line descendants do Elizabeth and Philip have with no royal title?

Question: What was the Duke's first name?

Question: What was the name of Elizabeth and Philip's last child?
Elizabeth_II

The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.

Question: Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?
Answer: Lord Salisbury

Question: What position did Lord Salisbury have in the government?
Answer: Lord President of the Council

Question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?
Answer: Harold Macmillan

Question: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?
Answer: Lord Chancellor

Question: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?
Answer: British Cabinet

Question: In what year was Harold Macmillan born?

Question: In what year was Lord Salisbury born?

Question: In what year did Lord Salisbury become the Lord President of the Council?

Question: What occupation was Harold Macmillan at the time?

Question: In what year was Lord Kilmuir born?
Elizabeth_II

In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government.

Question: When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to call a general election?
Answer: February 1974

Question: Where was Elizabeth when Heath advised that sh call for an election?
Answer: Austronesian Pacific Rim

Question: What did Elizabeth do after Heath adviser her?
Answer: fly back to Britain

Question: What did Heath do after his party could not form a coalition with the Labor party?
Answer: resigned

Question: Who did Elizabeth ask to form a government?
Answer: Harold Wilson

Question: In what year did Edward Heath become the British prime minister?

Question: In what month in 1974 did Edward Heath resign as prime minister?

Question: In what month in 1974 did Harold Wilson become prime minister?

Question: When did Elizabeth begin her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim?

Question: Who did  Labour's Prime Minister Harold Wilson form a government with?
Elizabeth_II

Intense media interest in the opinions and private lives of the royal family during the 1980s led to a series of sensational stories in the press, not all of which were entirely true. As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals. Don't worry if it's not true—so long as there's not too much of a fuss about it afterwards." Newspaper editor Donald Trelford wrote in The Observer of 21 September 1986: "The royal soap opera has now reached such a pitch of public interest that the boundary between fact and fiction has been lost sight of ... it is not just that some papers don't check their facts or accept denials: they don't care if the stories are true or not." It was reported, most notably in The Sunday Times of 20 July 1986, that the Queen was worried that Margaret Thatcher's economic policies fostered social divisions and was alarmed by high unemployment, a series of riots, the violence of a miners' strike, and Thatcher's refusal to apply sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa. The sources of the rumours included royal aide Michael Shea and Commonwealth Secretary-General Shridath Ramphal, but Shea claimed his remarks were taken out of context and embellished by speculation. Thatcher reputedly said the Queen would vote for the Social Democratic Party—Thatcher's political opponents. Thatcher's biographer John Campbell claimed "the report was a piece of journalistic mischief-making". Belying reports of acrimony between them, Thatcher later conveyed her personal admiration for the Queen, and the Queen gave two honours in her personal gift—membership in the Order of Merit and the Order of the Garter—to Thatcher after her replacement as prime minister by John Major. Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said Elizabeth was a "behind the scenes force" in ending apartheid.

Question: What did high public interest in the  private lives of the royal family cause in the press?
Answer: sensational stories

Question: Who was editor of The Sun in the 1980s?
Answer: Kelvin MacKenzie

Question: What did the editor of The Observer call the sensational stories about the royals?
Answer: royal soap opera

Question: Who, it was rumored,  did Margaret Thatcher say the Queen would vote for?
Answer: Thatcher's political opponents

Question: Who said the Elizabeth was a behind the scenes force in ending apartheid?
Answer: Brian Mulroney

Question: In what year did Kelvin MacKenzie become editor of The Sun?

Question: In what year did Donald Trelford begin to edit The Observer?

Question: What party did Margaret Thatcher lead?

Question: In what year did Elizabeth give Margaret Thatcher the Order of the Garter?

Question: Besides Margaret Thatcher who is someone else has given the Order of Merit?
Elizabeth_II

In 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris. The Queen was on holiday with her extended family at Balmoral. Diana's two sons by Charles—Princes William and Harry—wanted to attend church and so the Queen and Prince Philip took them that morning. After that single public appearance, for five days the Queen and the Duke shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private, but the royal family's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay. Pressured by the hostile reaction, the Queen agreed to return to London and do a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral. In the broadcast, she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings "as a grandmother" for the two princes. As a result, much of the public hostility evaporated.

Question: What incident killed Diana in Paris?
Answer: car crash

Question: When did Diana die?
Answer: 1997

Question: How long did Elizabeth and the royal family remain in seclusion at Balmoral?
Answer: five days

Question: What failure did the public find dismaying?
Answer: fly a flag at half-mast

Question: What did Elizabeth do to diffuse hostile public sentiment?
Answer: live television broadcast

Question: In what city is Balmoral?

Question: In what month in 1997 did Diana die in a car crash?

Question: Where was Charles in the days after Diana died?

Question: From what building did the Queen do her television broadcast about Diana's death?
Elizabeth_II

Her Diamond Jubilee in 2012 marked 60 years on the throne, and celebrations were held throughout her realms, the wider Commonwealth, and beyond. In a message released on Accession Day, she stated: "In this special year, as I dedicate myself anew to your service, I hope we will all be reminded of the power of togetherness and the convening strength of family, friendship and good neighbourliness ... I hope also that this Jubilee year will be a time to give thanks for the great advances that have been made since 1952 and to look forward to the future with clear head and warm heart". She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom, while her children and grandchildren embarked on royal tours of other Commonwealth states on her behalf. On 4 June, Jubilee beacons were lit around the world. On 18 December, she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781.

Question: How many years has Elizabeth been Queen?
Answer: 60 years

Question: What celebration marks 60 years for Elizabeth as Queen?
Answer: Diamond Jubilee

Question: What year marks Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?
Answer: 2012

Question: Where did Elizabeth tour as a celebration of her jubilee?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: When was the last time that a sovereign attended a peacetime cabinet meeting? 
Answer: 1781

Question: In what year did George III begin his reign on the throne?

Question: In what year did George III die?

Question: For how long was George III king?

Question: How many Cabinet meetings did George III attend?

Question: What was King George III's Accession Day?
Elizabeth_II

Since Elizabeth rarely gives interviews, little is known of her personal feelings. As a constitutional monarch, she has not expressed her own political opinions in a public forum. She does have a deep sense of religious and civic duty, and takes her coronation oath seriously. Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she is personally a member of that church and the national Church of Scotland. She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis. A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas message broadcast to the Commonwealth. In 2000, she spoke about the theological significance of the millennium marking the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Jesus:

Question: What governmental style of monarch is Elizabeth?
Answer: constitutional monarch

Question: How often does Elizabeth give interviews?
Answer: rarely

Question: What type of political religious beliefs does Elizabeth seemed to support?
Answer: inter-faith relations

Question: What is Elizabeth's ranking in the Church of England?
Answer: Supreme Governor

Question: Apart from her membership in the Church of England, to what other church does she belong?
Answer: Church of Scotland

Question: What has she talked about with Pope John Paul II?

Question: In what year did Elizabeth meet with Pope John Paul II?

Question: When was the last time Elizabeth gave an interview?

Question: Beyond Christianity what leaders of other religions has Elizabeth met with?
Elizabeth_II

Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery.

Question: During whose reign was Elizabeth born?
Answer: King George V

Question: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth?
Answer: Prince Albert, Duke of York

Question: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king?
Answer: King George VI

Question: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? 
Answer: Cosmo Gordon Lang

Question: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?
Answer: Lilibet

Question: In what year did Elizabeth's paternal grandmother Mary die?

Question: In what year did King George V die?

Question: Who was King George V's oldest son?

Question: In what year was Elizabeth, Duchess of York, crowned as the Queen of England?

Question: Who was Elizabeth's paternal grandfather?
Elizabeth_II

In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid the frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave." Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well."

Question: When did Britain enter WWII?
Answer: September 1939

Question: Who recommended that the two princesses be evacuated to Canada?
Answer: Lord Hailsham

Question: Who rejected the idea of sending the princesses away?
Answer: Elizabeth's mother

Question: Where did the two princesses live for most of the war?
Answer: Windsor Castle

Question: When did Elizabeth make her first radio broadcast?
Answer: 1940

Question: In what year was the Queen's Wool Fund established?

Question: In what year did the BBC start Children's Hour?

Question: How old was Elizabeth's sister in 1940?

Question: In what year did Lord Hailsham become a senior politician?

Question: In what month of 1945 did the Second World War end?
Elizabeth_II

Following their wedding, the couple leased Windlesham Moor, near Windsor Castle, until 4 July 1949, when they took up residence at Clarence House in London. At various times between 1949 and 1951, the Duke of Edinburgh was stationed in the British Crown Colony of Malta as a serving Royal Navy officer. He and Elizabeth lived intermittently, for several months at a time, in the hamlet of Gwardamanġa, at Villa Guardamangia, the rented home of Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten. The children remained in Britain.

Question: Where did the newly married Elizabeth and Philip stay until 1949?
Answer: Windlesham Moor

Question: After 1949 where did Elizabeth live in London?
Answer: Clarence House

Question: In which armed force was the Duke of Edinburgh?
Answer: Royal Navy

Question: Where was Philip stationed during WWII?
Answer: British Crown Colony of Malta

Question: In whose home did Elizabeth and Philip stay in Malta?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten

Question: In what year did Elizabeth live in Villa Guardamangia?

Question: In what year did Lord Mountbatten start to rent Villa Guardamangia?

Question: In what year did the Duke of Edinburgh become a Royal Navy officer?

Question: In what year was Villa Guardamangia built?

Question: In what year did Elizabeth marry the Duke of Edinburgh?
Elizabeth_II

From Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. By the time of her accession in 1952, her role as head of multiple independent states was already established. In 1953, the Queen and her husband embarked on a seven-month round-the-world tour, visiting 13 countries and covering more than 40,000 miles by land, sea and air. She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. During the tour, crowds were immense; three-quarters of the population of Australia were estimated to have seen her. Throughout her reign, the Queen has made hundreds of state visits to other countries and tours of the Commonwealth; she is the most widely travelled head of state.

Question: What entity did the British Empire slowly become during Elizabeth's reign?
Answer: Commonwealth of Nations

Question: In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?
Answer: 1952

Question: What tour did Elizabeth take in 1953?
Answer: round-the-world tour

Question: How many nations did Elizabeth visit on tour in 1953?
Answer: 13 countries

Question: How many miles did Elizabeth cover on her world tour?
Answer: 40,000 miles

Question: In what year did the British Empire become the Commonwealth of Nations?

Question: In 1953 what was the first country visited by Elizabeth and Philip?

Question: In 1953 what was the last country visited by Elizabeth and Philip?

Question: How many miles has Elizabeth traveled by land during her reign?

Question: How many miles has Elizabeth traveled by sea during her reign?
Elizabeth_II

According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".

Question: About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?
Answer: Pierre Trudeau

Question: What was the subject under consideration in discussions in 1980?
Answer: Canadian constitution

Question: What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution?
Answer: British parliament

Question: What was retained in the constitution?
Answer: monarchy

Question: What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?
Answer: reform

Question: In what year did Pierre Trudeau become the Canadian prime minister?

Question: Who was one of the Canadians politicians sent to London in 1980?

Question: In what year did Bill C-60 fail?

Question: In what year did Pierre Trudeau cease to be Canada's prime minister?

Question: Who was the prime minister of Britain in 1980?
Elizabeth_II

In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny. In an unusually personal speech, the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness and understanding". Two days later, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity.

Question: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?
Answer: her accession

Question: What did Elizabeth call her past year?
Answer: annus horribilis

Question: When did Price Andrew separate from his wife?
Answer: March

Question: Who did Princess Anne divorce in April?
Answer: Captain Mark Phillips

Question: What great house caught fire in November?
Answer: Windsor Castle

Question: In what year did Prince Andrew and Sarah get divorced?

Question: In what year did Princess Anne marry Captain Mark Phillips?

Question: In what year did Prince Charles and Diana divorce?

Question: How much in legal fees did the The Sun have to pay to the Queen?

Question: How much did the Windsor Castle fire cost to repair?
Elizabeth_II

In May 2007, The Daily Telegraph, citing unnamed sources, reported that the Queen was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of the British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair. She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland. On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. At the invitation of the Irish President, Mary McAleese, the Queen made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011.

Question: Who, in 2007, frustrated Elizabeth?
Answer: Prime Minister, Tony Blair

Question: What issue of Blair's did Elizabeth admire?
Answer: peace in Northern Ireland

Question: When did Elizabeth attend a service at Armagm, in Ireland?
Answer: 20 March 2008

Question: What service did Elizabeth attend in Armagm?
Answer: Maundy

Question: When did Elizabeth make the first visit to Ireland by a British monarch?
Answer: May 2011.

Question: In what year did Tony Blair become the British prime minister?

Question: In what year did Mary McAleese become the Irish President?

Question: Who was Ireland's first female president?

Question: When was peace achieved in Northern Ireland?

Question: Who was Ireland's president in 2007?
Elizabeth_II

The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.

Question: Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch?
Answer: Queen Victoria

Question: What relation was Victoria to Elizabeth?
Answer: great-great-grandmother

Question: When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?
Answer: 9 September 2015

Question: In age of monarchs, what is the rank of Elizabeth's reign?
Answer: world's oldest

Question: What head of stat has served longer than Elizabeth?
Answer: King Bhumibol Adulyadej
Elizabeth_II

At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public. Discontent with the monarchy reached its peak on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, though Elizabeth's personal popularity and support for the monarchy rebounded after her live television broadcast to the world five days after Diana's death.

Question: When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee?
Answer: 1977

Question: What increased in the 1980s?
Answer: public criticism

Question: What was the main subject of public criticism in the 80's?
Answer: royal family

Question: What attribute of Elizabeth fell to  low in the 1990s?
Answer: popularity

Question: What did Elizabeth start paying in the 1990 s?
Answer: income tax

Question: What decade between now and the 1970s has been the high point for Elizabeth's popularity?

Question: When was Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee?

Question: In what year did Diana become the Princess of Wales?

Question: What happened after Elizabeth started to pay income taxes?
Elizabeth_II

Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.

Question: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?
Answer: similar formula

Question: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?
Answer: Crown dependencies

Question: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?
Answer: Duke of Normandy

Question: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?
Answer: Lord of Mann

Question: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?
Answer: Ma'am

Question: What is one of Elizabeth's realms and territories besides Jamaica and Australia?

Question: Besides the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which territory is a Crown Dependency?

Question: When is Elizabeth referred to as the Defender of the Faith?

Question: When does a person call Elizabeth the Duke of Lancaster?
Sexual_orientation

Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to "fantasies, attachments and longings." Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors. People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as 'closeted'. The term may, however, reflect a certain cultural context and particular stage of transition in societies which are gradually dealing with integrating sexual minorities. In studies related to sexual orientation, when dealing with the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behaviors and identity match, scientists usually use the terms concordance or discordance. Thus, a woman who is attracted to other women, but calls herself heterosexual and only has sexual relations with men, can be said to experience discordance between her sexual orientation (homosexual or lesbian) and her sexual identity and behaviors (heterosexual).

Question: What is sexual identity defined as?
Answer: individual's conception of themselves

Question: What is sexual behavior defined as?
Answer: actual sexual acts performed by the individual

Question: What is sexual orientation defined as?
Answer: fantasies, attachments and longings

Question: What does the term closeted mean?
Answer: People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity

Question: What are the terms related to the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behavior and identity match?
Answer: concordance or discordance

Question: What are the differences in sexual identity and sexual behaviour? 
Answer: sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual

Question: Does a person have to show their sexual oreintation in their personal acts?
Answer: Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors.

Question: What is a term that can be used for someone who does not show their homosexuality openly? 
Answer: closeted

Question: What word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity do not match?
Answer: discordance

Question: Which word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity match?
Answer: concordance
Sexual_orientation

Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

Question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?
Answer: religious ostracism

Question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?
Answer: hide their respective orientations from their spouses

Question: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex?
Answer: desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism

Question: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex? 
Answer: others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages

Question: What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage?
Answer: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children

Question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?
Answer: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses
Sexual_orientation

No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation. These include the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association, National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.

Question: How does the mental health profession approach efforts to change sexual orientation?
Answer: have adopted policy statements

Question: What do these policy statements suggest? 
Answer: cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation

Question: What are some of the organizations that have released policy statements?
Answer: National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.

Question: Are their any mental health proffesionals that have programs to change sexual orientation?
Answer: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation

Question: What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices?
Answer: cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation.

Question: What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs?
Answer: the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association,
Sexual_orientation

From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.

Question: Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896?
Answer: Magnus Hirschfeld

Question: What did the published scheme attempt to do?
Answer: measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire

Question: How did the scheme measure desire?
Answer: on two independent 10-point scales

Question: What were the two scales defined as?
Answer: A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual)

Question: How many points were on each scale?
Answer: 10-point

Question: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin?
Answer: From at least the late nineteenth century

Question: Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire?
Answer: Magnus Hirschfeld

Question: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire. 
Answer: 1896

Question: On Magnus's ten point scale what would a homosexual person be considered?
Answer: a homosexual individual may be A5, B0

Question: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as?
Answer: an asexual would be A0, B0
Sexual_orientation

A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.

Question: What was a concern of the Kinsey scale?
Answer: it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality

Question: How are masculinity and femininity more appropriately measured?
Answer: as independent concepts on a separate scale

Question: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?
Answer: they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa

Question: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately?
Answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual

Question: What is considered to be a problem with the Kinsey scale?
Answer: inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale

Question: What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity?
Answer: more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum

Question: What would be possible if homesexuality and heterosexuality where measured on different scales?
Answer: would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either.

Question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?
Answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined,
Sexual_orientation

Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

Question: How does research identify sexual population groups?
Answer: scales of assessment

Question: What is the understanding of the scales used?
Answer: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation

Question: Why might the scales fail?
Answer: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

Question: How many components are used in assessment?
Answer: three components

Question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group?
Answer: scales of assessment

Question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used?
Answer: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.

Question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used?
Answer: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

Question: How many components are used in an assessment?
Answer: there are three components of sexual orientation
Sexual_orientation

Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

Question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?
Answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population

Question: What were the calculations of this myth?
Answer: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

Question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?
Answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere

Question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?
Answer: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

Question: What does knowing the sexual population influence?
Answer: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

Question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?
Answer: Bruce Voeller

Question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?
Answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

Question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?
Answer: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".