Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Web_browser

Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system (and was also downloadable free), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for the Mac was part of Microsoft's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance - threats such as web standards and Java - by making some web developers, or at least their managers, assume that there was "no need" to develop for anything other than Internet Explorer. In this respect, IE may have contributed to Windows and Microsoft applications sales in another way, through "lock-in" to Microsoft's browser.

Question: What was bundled for free with the Windows OS?
Answer: Internet Explorer

Question: Internet Explorer was partially funded in what two ways?
Answer: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users

Question: What other OS could use Internet Explorer?
Answer: Mac

Question: What program was bundled free with Java?

Question: What helped to partly fund Java?

Question: For what OS was Java formerly available for?

Question: Why was Java available for the Mac?

Question: In what other way did Java contribute to Windows and Microsoft application sales?
Web_browser

In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice." Microsoft Corp v Commission

Question: Who investigated the bundling of the IE browser with Windows OS?
Answer: the European Commission

Question: When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling?
Answer: January 2009

Question: The Commission felt that bundling the browser with Windows computers harmed what?
Answer: competition between web browsers

Question: The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what?
Answer: product innovation

Question: What would Microsoft investigate in January 2009?

Question: In what year was Microsoft investigating the European Commission?

Question: What did the Commission undermine according to Microsoft?

Question: What was reduced by the Commission according to Microsoft?

Question: What action is harmed by the Commision according to Microsoft?
Web_browser

Safari and Mobile Safari were likewise always included with OS X and iOS respectively, so, similarly, they were originally funded by sales of Apple computers and mobile devices, and formed part of the overall Apple experience to customers.

Question: What browser was automatically included with OS X?
Answer: Safari

Question: What are mobile devices included with?

Question: What were sales of Apple computers funded by?

Question: What was Apple originally funded by?

Question: What did Apple customers provide to Apple?

Question: What do the OS X and i OS provide?
Web_browser

Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. In addition, Google Search is also (as one would expect) the default search engine in Google Chrome. Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page, increasing ad revenue and which funds development at Google and of Google Chrome.

Question: Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser?
Answer: Google

Question: What other browser has Google as the default search engine?
Answer: Chrome

Question: The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google?
Answer: Google Chrome

Question: Why do web browsers pay search engine companies?

Question: Why does Mozilla pay Google?

Question: What lets Google not charge users for using Chrome?

Question: What increases ad revenue for Firefox?

Question: What funds development at Mozilla?
Web_browser

The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation", "following links").

Question: What is the main use of a browser?
Answer: to bring information resources to the user

Question: What is the primary purpose of a computer having access?

Question: How does display rendering function?

Question: How does an OS access other information?

Question: What lets an OS see information?

Question: What lets an OS find other information?
Web_browser

This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example, mailto: URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application, and news: URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader.

Question: What does URL stand for?
Answer: Uniform Resource Locator

Question: What is the determining factor in how a URL will be interpreted?
Answer: The prefix of the URL

Question: What does http stand for?
Answer: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Question: What does ftp stand for?
Answer: File Transfer Protocol

Question: A news: prefix is given to the user's what?
Answer: default newsgroup reader

Question: What does the prefix of the default newsgroup reader determine?

Question: What does the most common form of local file start with?

Question: What does a common browser identify?

Question: What happens to newsgroup readers the web browser can't handle directly?

Question: Where are ftp's passed on to?
Web_browser

In the case of http, https, file, and others, once the resource has been retrieved the web browser will display it. HTML and associated content (image files, formatting information such as CSS, etc.) is passed to the browser's layout engine to be transformed from markup to an interactive document, a process known as "rendering". Aside from HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page. Most browsers can display images, audio, video, and XML files, and often have plug-ins to support Flash applications and Java applets. Upon encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk.

Question: What is it called when content is changed from markup to an interactive document?
Answer: rendering

Question: Browsers typically have plug-ins to support what?
Answer: Flash applications and Java applets

Question: Browsers have you save to disk so they can support what?

Question: What is it called when resources are changed from being unsupported to being downloaded?

Question: What files can be displayed when a file is unsupported?

Question: What unsupported content can resources display that is part of a webpage?

Question: What process happens to plug-ins saved to disk?
Web_browser

Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again.

Question: What can resources have to connect to other resources?
Answer: hyperlinks

Question: How does a user read URI?

Question: Why does a computer create hyperlinks?

Question: What happens when a hyperlink is created?

Question: What makes a computer take longer to find information?

Question: What happens when a user can't find information?
Web_browser

Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers".

Question: Features on a browser can range from minimal with little support to what?
Answer: rich user interfaces

Question: When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what?
Answer: Internet suites

Question: What does IRC stand for?
Answer: Internet Relay Chat

Question: What are some features that IRC has?

Question: What are IRC's sometimes referred to as?

Question: What are some features of HTML?

Question: What are some extra features included in IRC?

Question: What does e-mail also support?
Web_browser

All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent.

Question: What does not allow windows to pop up without consent?
Answer: pop-up blockers

Question: What do all pop-up blockers allow in a window?

Question: What can be open without the user's consent in a window?

Question: Where do unwanted windows open in a browser?

Question: Where do browsers allow pop-ups to open?

Question: What do information resources allow to pop-up in a window?
Web_browser

A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

Question: A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?
Answer: browser extension

Question: What extends development of computer functionality?

Question: Why does a computer create a browser extension?

Question: What does making a computer program support?

Question: What does every computer program support?

Question: What happens when a computer program is created?
Web_browser

Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-in web feed aggregator. In Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed. In Opera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed.

Question: A list of websites a user can click to get back to easy have been what by the user?
Answer: bookmarked

Question: What are "bookmarks" called in Internet Explorer?
Answer: Favorites

Question: The top browsers have a built-in what?
Answer: feed aggregator

Question: Firefox does web feeds as what?
Answer: live bookmarks

Question: The Opera feed reader is more what?
Answer: traditional

Question: What are live bookmarks called in Opera?

Question: What is built in to all bookmarks?

Question: How do bookmarks behave in IE?

Question: How are feed aggregators formatted as in Opera?

Question: What kind of web pages are included in IE?
Web_browser

Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers.

Question: HTTP Secure is supported by what?
Answer: Most browsers

Question: Cache, download history, cookies, browsing and what else can be quickly deleted in browsers?
Answer: form and search history

Question: A comparison of browser must be seen to know what?
Answer: current security vulnerabilities

Question: What do most cookies support?

Question: What does comparing browsing history show about your computer?

Question: What does comparison of web browsers offer you to do quickly?

Question: How do you know if your web cache is secure?

Question: What do most web browser comparisons support?
Web_browser

Early web browsers supported only a very simple version of HTML. The rapid development of proprietary web browsers led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability. Modern web browsers support a combination of standards-based and de facto HTML and XHTML, which should be rendered in the same way by all browsers.

Question: Quick development of what kind of browsers led to non-standard HTML dialects?
Answer: proprietary web browsers

Question: Non-standard dialects led to what?
Answer: problems with interoperability

Question: Modern browser support standards-based and defacto what?
Answer: HTML and XHTML

Question: HTML and XHTML should be what by all browsers?
Answer: rendered in the same way

Question: What did early XHTML support?

Question: What did the rapid development of modern web browsers lead to?

Question: What problems arose after the development of modern web browsers?

Question: How should non-standard dialects be treated by all browsers?

Question: What are two things that a simple HTML version supports?
Web_browser

Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser.

Question: A user interface, UI backend, layout engine and other things are part of what?
Answer: Web browsers

Question: The layout engine, rendering engine, user interface and other things are components that offer different what of web browsers?
Answer: functionalities

Question: What are two things that make up a UI backend?

Question: What does a JavaScript interpreter achieve in a layout engine?

Question: What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other?

Question: What parts of a layout engine make up a data persistence component?

Question: What does a user interface achieve when part of a UI backend?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations – a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system that is currently under construction.

Question: What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?
Answer: a Chinese satellite navigation system

Question: How many satellite constellations does the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System have?
Answer: two separate satellite constellations

Question: What are the two satellite constellations?
Answer: a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system

Question: How long has the limited test system been operating?
Answer: since 2000

Question: How is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System written in traditional Chinese?
Answer: 北斗衛星導航系統

Question: What is the Limited Navigation Satellite System?

Question: The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System consists of 3 separate what?

Question: What type of system has been operating since 2010?

Question: Which system is no longer under construction?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航试验系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航試驗系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng shìyàn xìtǒng) and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000.

Question: What was the first BeiDou system called?
Answer: the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System

Question: Who does the BeiDou-1 operate for?
Answer: mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions

Question: What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System?
Answer: BeiDou-1

Question: How many satellites does the BeiDou-1 have?
Answer: three

Question: How long has the BeiDou-1 been operating?
Answer: since 2000

Question: Which system has been offering services to customers in China since 1997?

Question: What system is also known as BeiDou-2?

Question: BeiDou-1 consists of 7 satellites and offers what?

Question: What system offers services to customers in and around Peru?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015[update]. It became operational in China in December 2011, with 10 satellites in use, and began offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. It is planned to begin serving global customers upon its completion in 2020.

Question: What is the name of the second generation of BDS?
Answer: BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

Question: What is another name for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?
Answer: COMPASS or BeiDou-2

Question: How many satellites will the BeiDou-2 have?
Answer: 35

Question: When did the BeiDou-2 begin construction?
Answer: January 2015

Question: When did the BeiDou-2 begin operating?
Answer: December 2011

Question: Which system is under construction until May 2017?

Question: Which system is also known as COMPANION or BeiDou-23?

Question: Which system has been operating in China since December 2012?

Question: BeiDou-1 has how many satellites in use?

Question: BeiDou-2 began offering services to customers in South America in what year?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched 30 September 2015. As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched.

Question: When did China begin constructing the third BeiDou system?
Answer: mid 2015

Question: What is the third BeiDou system called?
Answer: BDS-3

Question: When was the first BDS-3 satellite launched?
Answer: 30 September 2015

Question: How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched?
Answer: 4

Question: Which system did China start building in March of 2017?

Question: Which satellite was first launched on September 27th, 2015?

Question: As of which month during 2016 were there 17 BDS-3 satellites in orbit?

Question: When did Africa begin constructing the third BeiDou system?

Question: How many BDS-20 satellites have been launched?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

Question: How long ago was the BeiDou Satellite System first launched?
Answer: Fifteen years

Question: How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?
Answer: $31.5 billion

Question: What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?
Answer: China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

Question: How long ago was the BlueDynamite Satellite System first launched?

Question: How much revenue for companies is generated by the ABC system?

Question: What are some companies that experience losses from the BDS system?

Question: 17 years after it's launch, how much does the satellite system generate in profit?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The official English name of the system is BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. It is named after the Big Dipper constellation, which is known in Chinese as Běidǒu. The name literally means "Northern Dipper", the name given by ancient Chinese astronomers to the seven brightest stars of the Ursa Major constellation. Historically, this set of stars was used in navigation to locate the North Star Polaris. As such, the name BeiDou also serves as a metaphor for the purpose of the satellite navigation system.

Question: What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System named after?
Answer: the Big Dipper constellation

Question: What is the Big Dipper constellation known as in Chinese?
Answer: Běidǒu

Question: What does Běidǒu translate as?
Answer: Northern Dipper

Question: Who named the constellation Běidǒu?
Answer: ancient Chinese astronomers

Question: What was the Běidǒu constellation used for?
Answer: to locate the North Star Polaris

Question: Which Satellite System is named after the Little Dipper?

Question: What is the Big Dipper constellation known as in Japanese?

Question: What does Yuèliàng translate as?

Question: What was the Little Dipper constellation used for?

Question: Ancient anthropologists named the constellation what?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:

Question: Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?
Answer: Chen Fangyun and his colleagues

Question: When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for a satellite navigation system?
Answer: in the 1980s

Question: The China National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?
Answer: three

Question: Who first came up with the idea for a Japanese satellite navigation system?

Question: When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for an ocean navigation system?

Question: The American National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?

Question: What idea did Chen Fangyun come up with in 1924?

Question: Who said the system would be developed in four total steps?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system.

Question: What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system?
Answer: BeiDou-1A

Question: When was BeiDou-1A launched?
Answer: 20 December 2000

Question: What was the name of the third satellite launched for the system?
Answer: BeiDou-1C

Question: What was the purpose of launching the BeiDou-1C satellite?
Answer: a backup satellite

Question: When was the BeiDou-1C satellite launched?
Answer: 25 May 2003

Question: What was the name of the eighth satellite launched for the system?

Question: When was BeiDou-1D launched?

Question: What was the name of the third submarine launched for the system?

Question: When was the BeiDou-1C rocket launched?

Question: The unsuccessful launch of BeiDou-1E happened when?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed]

Question: When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system?
Answer: 2 November 2006

Question: What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?
Answer: 10 meters

Question: What was the timing and speed that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?
Answer: timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second

Question: China would offer a closed service with an accuracy of what?

Question: Japan announced what on November 2nd, 2006?

Question: Japan promised a timing speed of what with its open service?

Question: Japan promised a speed of what with its open service?

Question: China announced what on November 22nd, 2006?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored.

Question: When was the fourth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: February 2007

Question: What is the name of the fourth BeiDou-1 satellite?
Answer: BeiDou-1D

Question: What is the BeiDou-1D satellite sometimes called?
Answer: BeiDou-2A

Question: What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1D satellite?
Answer: serving as a backup satellite

Question: What happened to the BeiDou-1D satellite that needed to be repaired?
Answer: a control system malfunction

Question: In which month of 2007 was the fifth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?

Question: What is the official name of the fifth BeiDou-2 satellite?

Question: Which satellite serves as a front-end satellite?

Question: Which satellite is sometimes called BeiDou-2C?

Question: According to reports, the satellite had issues with what system and was never fully restored?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC).

Question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Answer: April 2007

Question: What is the the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system called?
Answer: Compass-M1

Question: When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Answer: 15 April 2009

Question: When was the third satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Answer: 17 January 2010

Question: BeiDou-X was put into orbit during which month of 2007?

Question: BeiDou-z was put into orbit during which month of 2007?

Question: BeiDou-Y33 was put into orbit during which month of 2007?

Question: BeiJang-X was put into orbit during which month of 2007?

Question: SweiDou-X was put into orbit during which month of 2007?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004, China officially joined the Galileo project by signing the Agreement on the Cooperation in the Galileo Program between the "Galileo Joint Undertaking" (GJU) and the "National Remote Sensing Centre of China" (NRSCC). Based on the Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program, China Galileo Industries (CGI), the prime contractor of the China’s involvement in Galileo programs, was founded in December 2004. By April 2006, eleven cooperation projects within the Galileo framework had been signed between China and EU. However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market.

Question: How much was China going to invest in the European Galileo positioning system project?
Answer: €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million)

Question: In 2003, what was the planned purpose of the BeiDou navigation system?
Answer: only be used by its armed forces

Question: When did China join the Galileo project?
Answer: October 2004

Question: When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded?
Answer: December 2004

Question: Who said in 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its involvement in the Galileo project?
Answer: the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post

Question: In January 2015, China was set to invest how much in Galileo over the following years?

Question: How many million USD is equivalent to 160 million rupees?

Question: Which agreement did Japan sign to join the Galileo project officially?

Question: Which program says CGI founded in 2008?

Question: By April of 2006, how many cooperation projects between Japan and EU had been signed?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.

Question: What is the BeiDou-1?
Answer: an experimental regional navigation system

Question: The BeiDou-1 is made up of how may satellites?
Answer: four

Question: How many satellites in the BeiDou-1 system is used for back up?
Answer: one

Question: What were the BeiDou-1 system satellites based on?
Answer: the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite

Question: How much did each satellite for the BeiDou-1 system weigh?
Answer: 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each

Question: Which navigational system is regional and consists of five satellites?

Question: The launch weight of what was over 3,000 pounds?

Question: BeiDou-1 consists of four working satellites and how many backups?

Question: BeiDou-1 consists of four backup satellites and how many working satellites?

Question: Which navigational system is national and consists of four satellites?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz.

Question: What type of satellites does the American GPS system use?
Answer: medium Earth orbit satellites

Question: What type of satellites does the BeiDou-1 system use?
Answer: satellites in geostationary orbit

Question: What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1 system using stallites in geostationary orbit?
Answer: the system does not require a large constellation of satellites

Question: What service area is covered by the BeiDou-1 system?
Answer: from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N

Question: What is the frequency of the BeiDou-1 system?
Answer: 2491.75 MHz

Question: BeiDou-1, along with American GPS, use which type of satellites?

Question: BeiDou-1, along with Russian GLONASS, use which type of satellites?

Question: BeiDou-1, along with European Galileo systems, use which type of satellites?

Question: Which is a frequency of the vehicular system?

Question: Although, BeiDou-1 uses medium Earth orbit satellites, American GPS systems use which kind?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003.

Question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: October 31, 2000

Question: What was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?
Answer: BeiDou-1A

Question: When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: December 21, 2000

Question: What was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?
Answer: BeiDou-1B

Question: When was the last satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: May 25, 2003

Question: In what year was the fifth and final satellite launched?

Question: In what month was the fourth and final satellite launched?

Question: In what year was the first satellite, BeiDou-1C, launched?

Question: In what month was the first satellite, BeiDou-1X, launched?

Question: The second satellite was named BeiDou-12b and was launched in December of what year?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres. With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated).

Question: In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?
Answer: as high as 0.5 metres

Question: What is the calibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?
Answer: 20m

Question: What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?
Answer: 100m

Question: Who reported the resolution of the BeiDou system in 2007?
Answer: the official Xinhua News Agency

Question: According to which news agency was the BeiDou resolution as high as .7 metres?

Question: In 2008, the XinHuang News Agency reported the resolution of the BeiDou System as how high?

Question: There are no terminals, but the calibration accuracy is still what?

Question: According to which news agency was the BeiDou-1X monitor resolution as high as .08 metres?

Question: What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou second generation system?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In 2008, a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929), almost 10 times the price of a contemporary GPS terminal. The price of the terminals was explained as being due to the cost of imported microchips. At the China High-Tech Fair ELEXCON of November 2009 in Shenzhen, a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB was presented.

Question: How much did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost in 2008?
Answer: around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929)

Question: How much more did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost than a current GPS terminal?
Answer: almost 10 times the price

Question: Why is a BeiDou-1 ground terminal so expensive?
Answer: due to the cost of imported microchips

Question: Where was the ELEXCON fair held in 2009?
Answer: Shenzhen

Question: What was presented at the ELEXCON fair in 2009?
Answer: a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB

Question: In what year was the price of a BeiDou-1 ground terminal $250 USD?

Question: The price of the port was a result of the cost of what?

Question: The price of what was a result of imported macro chips?

Question: The price of what was a result of the price of motherboards?

Question: Where was there a terminal priced over CNY2,000RMB?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

Question: Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system?
Answer: Sun Jiadong

Question: What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system?
Answer: "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

Question: Who is Sun Jiadong?
Answer: the chief designer of the navigation system

Question: Who says that many organizations dislike the system?

Question: Moon Jiadong says that many organizations have been doing what?

Question: According to the CEO, how do many organizations feel about the system?

Question: Who is quoted as saying not many organizations have used the system?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.

Question: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?
Answer: COMPASS

Question: How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 35

Question: How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 5

Question: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 30

Question: What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?
Answer: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1

Question: What was BeiDou-3 formerly known as?

Question: MAPS is the former name of which satellite?

Question: Which system will consist of 40 satellites?

Question: The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system.

Question: What are the ranging signals of the BeiDou system based on?
Answer: the CDMA principle

Question: What positioning levels will the BeiDou system offer?
Answer: open and restricted (military)

Question: Where will the public service for the BeiDou system be available?
Answer: globally to general users

Question: Who designed the COMPASS navigation system?
Answer: Sun Jiadong

Question: How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use?
Answer: 75+ satellites

Question: Which signals are based on the ABCD principle?

Question: The ranging signals have a simple structure and are based on which principle?

Question: The ranging signals, based on the Galileo principle, have what type of structure?

Question: Who designed the COMPASS international trade system?

Question: Which system is the predecessor of the GNSS system?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user. To date, the military service has been granted only to the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan.

Question: What types of services will be offered by the BeiDou system?
Answer: a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military

Question: What is the range of accuracy for the free service offered to civilians?
Answer: 10-meter location-tracking accuracy

Question: What is the range of accuracy for the licensed service used by Chinese government and military?
Answer: 10 centimetres

Question: As of right now, who uses the licensed military service?
Answer: the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan

Question: What is something the licensed military service can be used for?
Answer: communication

Question: Aside from the charged service to civilians, what is the other level of service provided?

Question: Aside from the licensed service to Japanese civilians, what is the other level of service provided?

Question: The paid civilian service offers which features?

Question: The service licensed to Japanese government has a location accuracy of what?

Question: The paid civilian service has a location tracking accuracy of how many meters?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for Galileo's publicly regulated service. However, under International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency will have priority to that frequency, and any subsequent users will be required to obtain permission prior to using that frequency, and otherwise ensure that their broadcasts do not interfere with the original nation's broadcasts. It now appears that Chinese COMPASS satellites will start transmitting in the E1, E2, E5B, and E6 bands before Europe's Galileo satellites and thus have primary rights to these frequency ranges.

Question: How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use?
Answer: four bands

Question: What are the four bands of frequencies used by the COMPASS system called?
Answer: E1, E2, E5B, and E6

Question: Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system?
Answer: E1 and E2

Question: Which bands are used by the Galileo system for their public service?
Answer: E1 and E2

Question: According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band?
Answer: the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency

Question: Frequencies for COMPASS overlap with Genesis and are allocated in how many bands?

Question: Which countries satellites will transmit in E3 before Galileo satellites?

Question: Which countries satellites will transmit in E3 before COMPASS satellites?

Question: Frequencies for NASA are allocated in how many bands?

Question: Aside from B3, E1 and E34, what is the other band of frequency used by COMPASS?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver.

Question: How much information about the COMPASS system did Chinese authorities release?
Answer: little was officially announced

Question: What is one thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?
Answer: to study general characteristics of the signals

Question: What is another thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?
Answer: to build a COMPASS receiver

Question: How much information  about the new system's signals was released by Japanese authorities?

Question: What type of receiver did FBI researchers build?

Question: The launch of the third COMPASS satellite allowed for researchers to do what?

Question: How much information did Taiwanese authorities announce about the old system's signals?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees.

Question: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?
Answer: 14 April 2007

Question: What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing

Question: The purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite is similar to the purpose of what other satellite?
Answer: the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system

Question: What is the altitude of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: 21,150 km

Question: What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: 55.5 degrees

Question: Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which month of 2007?

Question: Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which year?

Question: Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched on what day?

Question: What satellites role is the Compass-L3 similar to?

Question: Compass M-1 has a square orbit and an altitude of how many KM?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service. The "Q" components have much longer codes, are more interference resistive, and are probably intended for the restricted service. IQ modulation has been the method in both wired and wireless digital modulation since morsetting carrier signal 100 years ago.

Question: What frequency bands does Compass-M1 transmit in?
Answer: E2, E5B, and E6

Question: What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by  Compass-M1?
Answer: 90 degrees (in quadrature)

Question: What are the two sub-signals in each frequency band referred to as?
Answer: "I" and "Q"

Question: What is the intended purpose of the "I" component?
Answer: likely to be intended for the open service

Question: What is the intended purpose of the "Q" component?
Answer: probably intended for the restricted service

Question: In how many bands does Nerf-M1 transmit in?

Question: What bands does Compass-M3 transmit in?

Question: How many coherent sub-signals have been detected in each orbit?

Question: Which components have much shorter codes and are most likely intended for the restricted service?

Question: IQ modulation has been the only method in wired technology since how many years ago?
BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components. The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “I” signals on E2 and E5B.

Question: When did the investigation of the signals transmitted by Compass -M1 begin?
Answer: immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007

Question: What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007?
Answer: the spectrum and structure of the signals

Question: Who reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components?
Answer: researchers from Stanford University

Question: Who built the COMPASS receiver?
Answer: a group of engineers at Septentrio

Question: What was the purpose of building the COMPASS receiver?
Answer: report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “I” signals on E2 and E5B

Question: In what month of 2008 was Compass-M1 launched?

Question: In March of what year was Compass-M1 launched?

Question: Yale University researchers decoded what?

Question: Knowing the codes allowed Stanford researchers to build which receiver?

Question: Knowing the codes allowed Stanford researchers to build the NERF receiver and report what?