Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue. Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story; he stated that while he thought that gay people were more at risk of developing AIDS it was still wrong to imply that no one else could catch the disease. The Press Council condemned The Sun for committing what it called a "gross distortion". The Sun later ran an apology, which they ran on Page 28. Journalist David Randall argued in the textbook The Universal Journalist that The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history, putting its own readers in harm's way.

Question: What did critics believe about The Sun and Lord Kilbracken's ideas on AIDS?
Answer: The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection

Question: What did Lord Kilbracken think of The Sun's editorial?
Answer: Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story

Question: Who criticized The Sun for its reporting on AIDS and HIV?
Answer: The Press Council

Question: What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story?
Answer: The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history

Question: In what textbook did David Randall write his opinion?
Answer: The Universal Journalist
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Under a front page headline "The Truth", the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient." Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said – a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story.

Question: What did the paper report that some fans did?
Answer: picked the pockets of crushed victims

Question: Who was reported to have been assaulted while trying to help a patient?
Answer: a police constable

Question: Who wrote the headline "The Truth"?
Answer: Kelvin MacKenzie

Question: Who wrote the actual story?
Answer: Harry Arnold

Question: What was the story based on?
Answer: allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.

Question: Where did The sun lose a large portion of its daily sales as a result of the front page?
Answer: Liverpool

Question: What were the estimated daily sales in Liverpool 25 years later?
Answer: around 12,000

Question: What documentary aired in 2008?
Answer: Alexei Sayle's Liverpool

Question: What do many Liverpool residents do with the paper even if given to them free?
Answer: simply burn or tear it up

Question: What name have Liverpool residents given to The Sun?
Answer: The Scum'
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the "awful error" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its "past sins". In January 2005, The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman admitting the Hillsborough coverage was "the worst mistake in our history", added: "What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989."

Question: Which footballer was verbally attacked in Liverpool? 
Answer: Wayne Rooney

Question: What team did Rooney transfer to?
Answer: Manchester United

Question: What was Rooney's age at the time of the Hillsborough disaster?
Answer: three years old

Question: Who was managing editor of The Sun in 2005?
Answer: Graham Dudman

Question: How did Dudman describe The Sun's Hillsborough coverage?
Answer: "the worst mistake in our history"
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990, despite the party's fall in popularity over the previous year following the introduction of the Poll tax (officially known as the Community Charge). This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper, despite widespread opposition, (some from Conservative MPs), which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher's own downfall. The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major, whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically, believing he was a radical Thatcherite – despite the economy having entered recession at this time.

Question: When did Margaret Thatcher leave office?
Answer: November 1990

Question: What is another name for the Community Charge?
Answer: Poll tax

Question: Who took over for Thatcher?
Answer: John Major

Question: Who opposed the poll tax?
Answer: Conservative MPs

Question: How did The Sun feel about the Poll tax?
Answer: was vociferously supported by the newspaper
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Despite its initial opposition to the closures, until 1997, the newspaper repeatedly called for the implementation of further Thatcherite policies, such as Royal Mail privatisation,[verification needed] and social security cutbacks, with leaders such as "Peter Lilley is right, we can't carry on like this",[verification needed] The paper showed hostility to the EU and approval of public spending cuts, tax cuts, and promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet, with leaders such as "More of the Redwood, not Deadwood".

Question: What types of policies did The Sun support?
Answer: Thatcherite policies

Question: What is an example of a Thatcherite policy?
Answer: Royal Mail privatisation

Question: What was The Sun's stance toward the EU?
Answer: The paper showed hostility

Question: What's another thing the paper showed hostility to?
Answer: promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet

Question: What was The Sun's initial stance toward the closures?
Answer: opposition
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw the New Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier. Its front page headline read THE SUN BACKS BLAIR and its front page editorial made clear that while it still opposed some New Labour policies, such as the Minimum Wage and Devolution, it believed Blair to be "the breath of fresh air this great country needs". John Major's Conservatives, it said, were "tired, divided and rudderless". Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.

Question: Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?
Answer: Labour party

Question: Who became Prime Minister in 1997?
Answer: Tony Blair

Question: Which New Labour policies did The Sun oppose?
Answer: Minimum Wage and Devolution

Question: How did The Sun describe John Major's Conservatives?
Answer: "tired, divided and rudderless"

Question: Who greatly changed the image of the Labour party?
Answer: Blair
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

In exchange for Rupert Murdoch's support, Blair agreed not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism – which John Major had withdrawn the country from in September 1992 after barely two years. Cabinet Minister Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris (a former Sun columnist) on BBC TV's Newsnight in November 1998. Misjudging public response, The Sun's editor David Yelland demanded to know in a front page editorial whether Britain was governed by a "gay mafia" of a "closed world of men with a mutual self-interest". Three days later the paper apologised in another editorial which said The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of "overwhelming public interest".

Question: What did Blair agree to in order to get the support of Rupert Murdoch?
Answer: not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism

Question: Who was Cabinet Minister in 1998?
Answer: Peter Mandelson

Question: What happened on BBC's Newsnight in 1998?
Answer: Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris

Question: Who was editor of The Sun in 1998?
Answer: David Yelland

Question: What did The Sun say its policy about revealing an individual's sexuality would be moving forward?
Answer: The Sun would never again reveal a person's sexuality unless it could be defended on the grounds of "overwhelming public interest"
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

In 2003 the paper was accused of racism by the Government over its criticisms of what it perceived as the "open door" policy on immigration. The attacks came from the Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett (later a Sun columnist). The paper rebutted the claim, believing that it was not racist to suggest that a "tide" of unchecked illegal immigrants was increasing the risk of terrorist attacks and infectious diseases. It did not help its argument by publishing a front page story on 4 July 2003, under the headline "Swan Bake", which claimed that asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans. It later proved to have no basis in fact. Subsequently The Sun published a follow-up headlined "Now they're after our fish!". Following a Press Complaints Commission adjudication a "clarification" was eventually printed, on page 41. In 2005 The Sun published photographs of Prince Harry sporting a Nazi costume to a fancy dress party. The photographs caused outrage across the world and Clarence House was forced to issue a statement in response apologising for any offence or embarrassment caused.

Question: What allegation did the government level against The Sun in 2003?
Answer: racism

Question: Who specifically leveled the allegations against The Sun?
Answer: Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett

Question: What did a 4 July 2003 front page story claim?
Answer: asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans

Question: From which issue did claims that The Sun was racist stem?
Answer: immigration

Question: Who did The Sun print pictures of in a Nazi outfit in 2005?
Answer: Prince Harry
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him "one last chance" to fulfil his promises, despite berating him for several weaknesses including a failure to control immigration. However, it did speak of its hope that the Conservatives (led by Michael Howard) would one day be fit for a return to government. This election (Blair had declared it would be his last as prime minister) resulted in Labour's third successive win but with a much reduced majority.

Question: Who did The Sun endorse in the 2005 general election?
Answer: Blair and Labour

Question: What is one of the weaknesses The Sun thought Blair possessed?
Answer: failure to control immigration

Question: Who was leading the Conservatives at this time?
Answer: Michael Howard

Question: What did Blair state about the 2005 election?
Answer: it would be his last as prime minister

Question: What was the result of the 2005 election?
Answer: Labour's third successive win
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 22 September 2003 the newspaper appeared to misjudge the public mood surrounding mental health, as well as its affection for former world heavyweight champion boxer Frank Bruno, who had been admitted to hospital, when the headline "Bonkers Bruno Locked Up" appeared on the front page of early editions. The adverse reaction, once the paper had hit the streets on the evening of 21 September, led to the headline being changed for the paper's second edition to the more sympathetic "Sad Bruno In Mental Home".

Question: What was the subject of the front page on 22 September 2003?
Answer: mental health

Question: Who was featured in the article on mental health?
Answer: Frank Bruno

Question: What was the original headline on 22 September 2003?
Answer: Bonkers Bruno Locked Up

Question: What was the headline changed to after public backlash?
Answer: Sad Bruno In Mental Home

Question: What had happened to Frank Bruno to spur the publishing of a story about him?
Answer: had been admitted to hospital
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

The Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as "frogs", "krauts" or "hun". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded "le Worm". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline "I'm Big in the Bumdestag" (17 April 2006).

Question: Which two nations has The Sun been very antagonistic towards?
Answer: French and Germans

Question: What names were used by The Sun to characterize the French and Germans?
Answer: "frogs", "krauts" or "hun"

Question: What is the paper's stance on the EU?
Answer: opposed

Question: How was French president Jacques Chirac described by The Sun?
Answer: le Worm

Question: Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?
Answer: Angela Merkel
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a "hate hit list" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War. It was claimed that "Those listed [on the forum] should treat it very seriously. Expect a hate campaign and intimidation by 20 or 30 thugs." The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'. The story has since been removed from The Sun's website following complaints to the UK's Press Complaints Commission.

Question: What type of forum was the subject of a January 2009 front page story in The Sun?
Answer: a British Muslim internet forum

Question: Who was said to be targeted in The Sun's front page story?
Answer: a "hate hit list" of British Jews

Question: What magazine refuted the claims made by The Sun in its article about the forum?
Answer: Private Eye

Question: According to Private Eye who was the only forum member expressing wishes for a hate campaign?
Answer: Glen Jenvey

Question: Complaints to which body led to The Sun removing the story from its website?
Answer: UK's Press Complaints Commission
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 9 December 2010, The Sun published a front-page story claiming that terrorist group Al-Qaeda had threatened a terrorist attack on Granada Television in Manchester to disrupt the episode of the soap opera Coronation Street to be transmitted live that evening. The paper cited unnamed sources, claiming "cops are throwing a ring of steel around tonight's live episode of Coronation Street over fears it has been targeted by Al-Qaeda." Later that morning, however, Greater Manchester Police categorically denied having "been made aware of any threat from Al-Qaeda or any other proscribed organisation." The Sun published a small correction on 28 December, admitting "that while cast and crew were subject to full body searches, there was no specific threat from Al-Qaeda as we reported." The apology had been negotiated by the Press Complaints Commission. For the day following the 2011 Norway attacks The Sun produced an early edition blaming the massacre on al-Qaeda. Later the perpetrator was revealed to be Anders Behring Breivik, a Norwegian nationalist.

Question: What was the claimed target of a terrorist attack according to a late 2010 Sun front page story?
Answer: Granada Television in Manchester

Question: What was the television program that would have been affected by the attack?
Answer: Coronation Street

Question: What did the Manchester police say about these claimed attacks?
Answer: categorically denied having "been made aware of any threat from Al-Qaeda or any other proscribed organisation."

Question: Who negotiated an apology from The Sun for its misreporting of this story?
Answer: the Press Complaints Commission

Question: Who was responsible for the 2011 Norway attacks?
Answer: Anders Behring Breivik,
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

In January 2008 the Wapping presses printed The Sun for the last time and London printing was transferred to Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, where News International had built what is claimed to be the largest printing centre in Europe with 12 presses. The site also produces The Times and Sunday Times, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph, Wall Street Journal Europe (also now a Murdoch newspaper), London's Evening Standard and local papers. Northern printing had earlier been switched to a new plant at Knowsley on Merseyside and the Scottish Sun to another new plant at Motherwell near Glasgow. The three print centres represent a £600 million investment by NI and allowed all the titles to be produced with every page in full colour from 2008. The Waltham Cross plant is capable of producing one million copies an hour of a 120-page tabloid newspaper.

Question: When was The Sun printed on the Wapping presses for the last time?
Answer: January 2008

Question: Where was London printing of The Sun moved to?
Answer: Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire

Question: How many presses were there at the new printing facility?
Answer: 12

Question: Where had northern printing been moved to?
Answer: Knowsley on Merseyside

Question: How much had been invested in the new printing locations?
Answer: £600 million
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Politically, the paper's stance was less clear under Prime Minister Gordon Brown who succeeded Blair in June 2007. Its editorials were critical of many of Brown's policies and often more supportive of those of Conservative leader David Cameron. Rupert Murdoch, head of The Sun's parent company News Corporation, speaking at a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, said that he acts as a "traditional proprietor". This means he exercises editorial control on major issues such as which political party to back in a general election or which policy to adopt on Europe.

Question: Who followed Tony Blair as Prime Minister?
Answer: Gordon Brown

Question: Who was the Conservative leader that The Sun often supported?
Answer: David Cameron

Question: What is the name of the company that operates The Sun?
Answer: News Corporation

Question: What was the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications investigating in 2007?
Answer: media ownership and the news

Question: On which issues did Murdoch claim he exerted editorial control?
Answer: which political party to back in a general election or which policy to adopt on Europe
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that "Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will." In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade "appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner. Several days later the Independent reported The Sun's failure to report its own YouGov poll result which said that "if people thought Mr Clegg's party had a significant chance of winning the election" the Liberal Democrats would win 49% of the vote, and with it a landslide majority.

Question: Who showed up on the editorial floor of the Independent?
Answer: James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade

Question: Who was the editor of the Independent?
Answer: Simon Kelner

Question: What did The Sun neglect to report concerning the upcoming election?
Answer: its own YouGov poll result

Question: Who did the Independent state wouldn't decide the election?
Answer: Rupert Murdoch

Question: What year was the United Kingdom general election?
Answer: 2010
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's "modern and positive" Conservatives in order to save Britain from "disaster" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected. The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years, with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority. They finally came to power on 11 May when Gordon Brown stepped down as prime minister, paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats.

Question: Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election?
Answer: David Cameron

Question: What did The Sun fear would result from election of the Labour Party?
Answer: disaster

Question: What was the outcome of the general election?
Answer: hung parliament

Question: Which party came to power after the election?
Answer: Tories

Question: Who did David Cameron align with in order to become Prime Minister?
Answer: Liberal Democrats
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 28 January 2012, police arrested four current and former staff members of The Sun, as part of a probe in which journalists paid police officers for information; a police officer was also arrested in the probe. The Sun staffers arrested were crime editor Mike Sullivan, head of news Chris Pharo, former deputy editor Fergus Shanahan, and former managing editor Graham Dudman, who since became a columnist and media writer. All five arrested were held on suspicion of corruption. Police also searched the offices of News International, the publishers of The Sun, as part of a continuing investigation into the News of the World scandal.

Question: Why were former Sun staff members put in police custody in early 2012?
Answer: as part of a probe in which journalists paid police officers for information

Question: What was the charge against those arrested?
Answer: suspicion of corruption

Question: What greater scandal was this investigation a part of?
Answer: the News of the World scandal

Question: Which Sun staffers were arrested?
Answer: crime editor Mike Sullivan, head of news Chris Pharo, former deputy editor Fergus Shanahan, and former managing editor Graham Dudman

Question: What role had Graham Dudman taken after serving as The Sun managing editor?
Answer: columnist and media writer
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

The main party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, were all depicted holding a copy of the special issue in publicity material. Miliband's decision to pose with a copy of The Sun received a strong response. Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as an "absolute disgrace" and he faced criticism too from Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson. A statement was issued on 13 June explaining that Miliband "was promoting England's bid to win the World Cup", although "he understands the anger that is felt towards the Sun over Hillsborough by many people in Merseyside and he is sorry to those who feel offended."

Question: Who were the main leaders of the ruling party?
Answer: David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband

Question: Who criticized Milliband for posing with a copy of The Sun showing the Hillsborough disaster?
Answer: Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson

Question: How did Milliband explain posing with this newspaper?
Answer: promoting England's bid to win the World Cup

Question: Who was the Labour Mayour of Liverpool?
Answer: Joe Anderson

Question: What emotion did many people feel over The Sun's coverage of Hillsborough?
Answer: anger
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 2 June 2013, The Sun on Sunday ran a front page story on singer-songwriter Tulisa Contostavlos. The front page read: "Tulisa's cocaine deal shame"; this story was written by The Sun On Sunday's undercover reporter Mahzer Mahmood, who had previously worked for the News of the World. It was claimed that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal. The subterfuge involved conning the singer into believing that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film.

Question: Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story?
Answer: Tulisa Contostavlos

Question: Who wrote the story on Tulisa Contostavlos?
Answer: Mahzer Mahmood

Question: What was the main allegation in The Sun's story on Contostavlos?
Answer: that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal

Question: What did The Sun reporters make Contostavlos believe?
Answer: that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film

Question: What was the title of the front page story on Contostavlos?
Answer: Tulisa's cocaine deal shame
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

At her subsequent trial, the case against Tulisa collapsed at Southwark Crown Court in July 2014, with the judge commenting that there were "strong grounds" to believe that Mahmood had lied at a pre-trial hearing and tried to manipulate evidence against the co-defendant Tulisa. Tulisa was cleared of supplying Class A drugs. After these events, The Sun released a statement saying that the newspaper "takes the Judge's remarks very seriously. Mahmood has been suspended pending an immediate internal investigation."

Question: How did the case against Tulisa fare?
Answer: collapsed

Question: What did the judge in the case state?
Answer: Mahmood had lied at a pre-trial hearing and tried to manipulate evidence against the co-defendant Tulisa

Question: What type of drugs was Tulisa accused of supplying?
Answer: Class A drugs

Question: What action did The Sun take against Mahmood?
Answer: suspended

Question: When was the case against Tulisa tried?
Answer: July 2014
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

In October 2014, the trial of six senior staff and journalists at The Sun newspaper began. All six were charged with conspiring to commit misconduct in a public office. They included The Sun's head of news Chris Pharo, who faced six charges, while ex-managing editor Graham Dudman and ex-Sun deputy news editor Ben O'Driscoll were accused of four charges each. Thames Valley district reporter Jamie Pyatt and picture editor John Edwards were charged with three counts each, while ex-reporter John Troup was accused of two counts. The trial related to illegal payments allegedly made to public officials, with prosecutors saying the men conspired to pay officials from 2002–11, including police, prison officers and soldiers. They were accused of buying confidential information about the Royal Family, public figures and prison inmates. They all denied the charges. On 16 January 2015, Troup and Edwards were cleared by the jury of all charges against them. The jury also partially cleared O'Driscoll and Dudman but continued deliberating over other counts faced by them, as well as the charges against Pharo and Pyatt. On 21 January 2015, the jury told the court that it was unable to reach unanimous verdicts on any of the outstanding charges and was told by the judge, Richard Marks, that he would accept majority verdicts. Shortly afterwards, one of the jurors sent a note to the judge and was discharged. The judge told the remaining 11 jurors that their colleague had been "feeling unwell and feeling under a great deal of pressure and stress from the situation you are in", and that under the circumstances he was prepared to accept majority verdicts of "11 to zero or 10 to 1". On 22 January 2015, the jury was discharged after failing to reach verdicts on the outstanding charges. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) announced that it would seek a retrial.

Question: What were Sun staff accused of in a 2014 trial?
Answer: conspiring to commit misconduct in a public office

Question: What was at issue in the 2014 trial?
Answer: illegal payments allegedly made to public officials

Question: Who were The Sun staffers accused of buying information about?
Answer: the Royal Family, public figures and prison inmates

Question: Who was the judge in this particular case?
Answer: Richard Marks

Question: What was the outcome of the jury's deliberation in the trial?
Answer: failing to reach verdicts on the outstanding charges
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 6 February 2015, it was announced that Judge Richard Marks is to be replaced by Judge Charles Wide at the retrial. Two days earlier, Marks had emailed counsel for the defendants telling them: "It has been decided (not by me but by my elders and betters) that I am not going to be doing the retrial". Reporting the decision in UK newspaper The Guardian, Lisa O’Carroll wrote: "Wide is the only judge so far to have presided in a case which has seen a conviction of a journalist in relation to allegations of unlawful payments to public officials for stories. The journalist, who cannot be named for legal reasons, is appealing the verdict". Defence counsel for the four journalists threatened to take the decision to judicial review, with the barrister representing Pharo, Nigel Rumfitt QC, saying: "The way this has come about gives rise to the impression that something has been going on behind the scenes which should not have been going on behind the scenes and which should have been dealt with transparently". He added that the defendants were "extremely concerned" and "entitled" to know why Marks was being replaced by Wide.

Question: Who was appointed presiding judge over the retrial in 2015?
Answer: Charles Wide

Question: In which newspaper did Lisa O'Carroll report the choice of judge?
Answer: The Guardian

Question: Who was Pharo's lawyer in the case?
Answer: Nigel Rumfitt QC

Question: What did Rumfit state that the defendants should have been informed about?
Answer: why Marks was being replaced by Wide

Question: What did the lawyers for the defendants threaten to do?
Answer: take the decision to judicial review
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 22 May 2015, Sun reporter Anthony France was found guilty of aiding and abetting misconduct in a public office between 2008 and 2011. France’s trial followed the London Metropolitan Police's Operation Elveden, an ongoing investigation into alleged payments to police and officials in exchange for information. He had paid a total of more than £22,000 to PC Timothy Edwards, an anti-terrorism police officer based at Heathrow Airport. The police officer had already pleaded guilty to misconduct in a public office and given a two-year gaol sentence in 2014, but the jury in France’s trial was not informed of this. Following the passing of the guilty verdict, the officer leading Operation Elveden, Detective Chief Superintendent Gordon Briggs said France and Edwards had been in a "long-term, corrupt relationship".

Question: Who was found guilty in 2015?
Answer: Anthony France

Question: Which Sun reporter was found guilty in 2015?
Answer: Anthony France

Question: Who was responsible for Operation Elveden?
Answer: London Metropolitan Police

Question: How much did Anthony France pay to a police officer?
Answer: more than £22,000

Question: Who was the policeman leading Operation Elveden?
Answer: Detective Chief Superintendent Gordon Briggs

Question: How did Briggs characterize the relationship between France and Edwards?
Answer: "long-term, corrupt relationship"
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

The BBC reported that France was the first journalist to face trial and be convicted under Operation Elveden since the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) had revised its guidance in April 2015 so that prosecutions would only be brought against journalists who had made payments to police officers over a period of time. As a result of the change in the CPS’ policy, charges against several journalists who had made payments to other types of public officials – including civil servants, health workers and prison staff - had been dropped. In July 2015, Private Eye magazine reported that at a costs hearing at the Old Bailey The Sun's parent company had refused to pay for the prosecution costs relating to France’s trial, leading the presiding judge to express his "considerable disappointment" at this state of affairs. Judge Timothy Pontius said in court that France’s illegal actions had been part of a "clearly recognised procedure at The Sun", adding that, "There can be no doubt that News International bears some measure of moral responsibility if not legal culpability for the acts of the defendant". The Private Eye report noted that despite this The Sun's parent organisation was "considering disciplinary actions" against France whilst at the same time it was also preparing to bring a case to the Investigatory Powers Tribunal against the London Metropolitan Police Service for its actions relating to him and two other journalists.

Question: Who was the first journalist convicted as a result of Operation Elveden since it had been revised?
Answer: France

Question: What was the change made to Operation Elveden by the Crown Prosecution Service?
Answer: prosecutions would only be brought against journalists who had made payments to police officers over a period of time

Question: Which judge commented on France's unlawful activities?
Answer: Timothy Pontius

Question: Who else did Judge Pontius believe should be blamed for France's actions?
Answer: News International

Question: Who was News International considering bringing a case against?
Answer: the London Metropolitan Police Service
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

In August 2013, The Irish Sun ended the practice of featuring topless models on Page 3. The main newspaper was reported to have followed in 2015 with the edition of 16 January supposedly the last to carry such photographs after a report in The Times made such an assertion. After substantial coverage in the media about an alleged change in editorial policy, Page 3 returned to its usual format on 22 January 2015. A few hours before the issue was published, the Head of PR at the newspaper said the reputed end of Page 3 had been "speculation" only.

Question: What did The Irish Sun stop doing in 2013?
Answer: featuring topless models on Page 3

Question: What was stated to be the last edition of the regular Sun to publish topless models?
Answer: the edition of 16 January

Question: Which newspaper claimed that The Sun stopped featuring topless models in 2013?
Answer: The Times

Question: What happened on 22 January 2015?
Answer: Page 3 returned to its usual format

Question: What did The Sun's Head of PR say about the reported editorial change at The Sun?
Answer: the reputed end of Page 3 had been "speculation" only
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 17 April 2015, The Sun's columnist Katie Hopkins called migrants to Britain "cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus". Her remarks were condemned by the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights. In a statement released on 24 April 2015, High Commissioner Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein stated that Hopkins' used "language very similar to that employed by Rwanda's Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run up to the 1994 genocide", and noted that both media organizations were subsequently convicted by an international tribunal of public incitement to commit genocide.

Question: Which Sun columnist made controversial remarks about migrants to Britain in April 2015?
Answer: Katie Hopkins

Question: What terms did Katie Hopkins use to describe migrants to Britain?
Answer: "cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus"

Question: Which organization sharply rebuked Hopkins' comments?
Answer: the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights

Question: Who was the High Commissioner of the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights?
Answer: Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein

Question: What did Hussein compare Hopkins' remarks to?
Answer: that employed by Rwanda's Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run up to the 1994 genocide
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Hopkins' column also drew criticism on Twitter, including from Russell Brand, to whom Hopkins responded by accusing Brand's "champagne socialist humanity" of neglecting taxpayers. Simon Usborne, writing in The Independent, compared her use of the word "cockroach" to previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators. He suspected that if any other contributor had written the piece it would not have been published and questioned her continued employment by the newspaper. Zoe Williams commented in The Guardian: "It is no joke when people start talking like this. We are not 'giving her what she wants' when we make manifest our disgust. It is not a free speech issue. I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her".

Question: On Twitter what famous person condemned Hopkins' remarks?
Answer: Russell Brand

Question: Who wrote critically in The Independent about Hopkins?
Answer: Simon Usborne

Question: With whom did Usborne draw parallels to Hopkins as a result of Hopkins' comments?
Answer: previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators

Question: Which writer in The Guardian was critical of Hopkins?
Answer: Zoe Williams

Question: What did Williams say should be done about Hopkins?
Answer: I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

On 9 March 2016, The Sun's front page proclaimed that Queen Elizabeth II was backing "Brexit", a common term for a British withdrawal from the European Union. It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle, while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the monarch criticised the union. Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy.

Question: What is an often used term for British withdrawal from the European Union?
Answer: Brexit

Question: Who did The Sun say was in favor of British withdrawal from the European Union?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth II

Question: Where was Queen Elizabeth II said to have made critical remarks about the European Union?
Answer: Windsor Castle

Question: Who refuted the statement that the Queen was critical of the European Union?
Answer: Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg

Question: With whom was a complaint lodged alleging breach of guidelines in accuracy after the incident involving Queen Elizabeth II?
Answer: Independent Press Standards Organisation
Pesticide

Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although it is in fact a broader term, as pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes. The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator, nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant (antimicrobial), and sanitizer.

Question: What is the difference between a pesticide and a plant protection product?
Answer: pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes

Question: What is the purpose of a pesticide?
Answer: Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest

Question: What are pesticides most commonly used for?
Answer: The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products

Question: What can pesticides protect plants from?
Answer: protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects

Question: What item commonly used in hospitals, schools and offices is a pesticide?
Answer: sanitizer

Question: What are examples of the way a plant protects itself against pests?

Question: How are plants that protect themselves from pests classified?

Question: What are three things that crop pests eat?

Question: What is one thing that some fungi are also used in?

Question: How are weeds also used when harvested commercially?
Pesticide

In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors. Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species. According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are organochlorine pesticides.

Question: What are three pests pesticides target?
Answer: plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks

Question: Are pesticides chemical or biological agents?
Answer: a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent

Question: What are possible cons of pesticides?
Answer: potential toxicity to humans and other species

Question: What are pesticides meant to prevent?
Answer: destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors

Question: How many microbes exist that are dangerous to humans?

Question: What do nematodes do when they infect a host?

Question: What is the danger of people eating some mollusks?

Question: How many types of poisonous mollusks are there in the wild?

Question: What does being immunized against a virus help prevent?
Pesticide

Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Biopesticides include microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides. Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals", have been developing quickly. These include the pyrethroids, rotenoids, nicotinoids, and a fourth group that includes strychnine and scilliroside.:15

Question: What is one way to group pesticides?
Answer: chemical structure

Question: Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides.
Answer: herbicides, insecticides, fungicides

Question: What are the two types of biopesticides?
Answer: microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides

Question: Which type of pesticides have seen rapid growth in development?
Answer: Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals

Question: What are some examples of hybrid plants that have been developed?

Question: What type of pesticides can't be used on organic food?

Question: What is the one type of pesticide that can be used on organic food?

Question: What is another word used for organic chemical structure?

Question: How have insecticides been developing recently?
Pesticide

Many pesticides can be grouped into chemical families. Prominent insecticide families include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates. Organochlorine hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) could be separated into dichlorodiphenylethanes, cyclodiene compounds, and other related compounds. They operate by disrupting the sodium/potassium balance of the nerve fiber, forcing the nerve to transmit continuously. Their toxicities vary greatly, but they have been phased out because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate.:239–240 Organophosphate and carbamates largely replaced organochlorines. Both operate through inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, allowing acetylcholine to transfer nerve impulses indefinitely and causing a variety of symptoms such as weakness or paralysis. Organophosphates are quite toxic to vertebrates, and have in some cases been replaced by less toxic carbamates.:136–137 Thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamates are subclasses of carbamates. Prominent families of herbicides include phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides (e.g. 2,4-D), triazines (e.g., atrazine), ureas (e.g., diuron), and Chloroacetanilides (e.g., alachlor). Phenoxy compounds tend to selectively kill broad-leaf weeds rather than grasses. The phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides function similar to plant growth hormones, and grow cells without normal cell division, crushing the plant's nutrient transport system.:300 Triazines interfere with photosynthesis.:335 Many commonly used pesticides are not included in these families, including glyphosate.

Question: Organochlorine hydrocarbons effect what balance of the nerve fiber?
Answer: sodium/potassium

Question: Why was the use of organochlorine hydrocarbons ended?
Answer: because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate

Question: What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?
Answer: Phenoxy compounds

Question: What essential plan funtion is interrupted by triazines?
Answer: photosynthesis

Question: Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms?
Answer: weakness or paralysis

Question: What did glyphosate take the place of?

Question: What do glyphosate and triazine do when they are both used?

Question: What are the symptoms if you are exposed to both glyphosate and triazine?

Question: What does glyphosate tend to selectively kill besides grasses?

Question: What does glyphosate do to a plant when it causes cell growth without cell division?
Pesticide

Pesticides can be classified based upon their biological mechanism function or application method. Most pesticides work by poisoning pests. A systemic pesticide moves inside a plant following absorption by the plant. With insecticides and most fungicides, this movement is usually upward (through the xylem) and outward. Increased efficiency may be a result. Systemic insecticides, which poison pollen and nectar in the flowers[citation needed], may kill bees and other needed pollinators[citation needed].

Question: What is one way you could group pesticides?
Answer: application method

Question: What is the main way that peticides perform their function?
Answer: by poisoning pests

Question: In which direction do systemic pesticide generally travel through a plant?
Answer: movement is usually upward

Question: Which parts of a plant do systemic pesticides generally attack?
Answer: pollen and nectar in the flowers

Question: What traits are used to classify types of flower nectar?

Question: How does nectar move up through a plant?

Question: Why does a plant move nectar through the xylem?

Question: How do some flowers protect themselves from harm?

Question: What does a plant use to attract pollinators?