Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Samoa

The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in the nation's economy. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labour force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, noni (juice of the nonu fruit, as it is known in Samoan), and copra.

Question: What institution is in charge of Samoa's currency?
Answer: Central Bank of Samoa

Question: In addition to agriculture, what industry historically supported Samoa's local economy?
Answer: fishing

Question: What fruit juice is a major Samoan export?
Answer: noni

Question: What portion of Samoa works in agriculture?
Answer: two-thirds

Question: What kind of oil does Samoa export?
Answer: coconut

Question: How much of the country uses the Samoa tala?

Question: What percentage of people in Samoa receive money from overseas?

Question: What resources does Samoa not produce themeselves and need to import?

Question: What percentage of Samoans are fishermen?

Question: What fruit has the Samoan tala traditionally been dependent on?
Samoa

The Samoan government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline.[citation needed] Observers point to the flexibility of the labour market as a basic strength for future economic advances.[citation needed] The sector has been helped enormously by major capital investment in hotel infrastructure, political instability in neighbouring Pacific countries, and the 2005 launch of Virgin Samoa a joint-venture between the government and Virgin Australia (then Virgin Blue).

Question: In which sector would the government of Samoa like to see deregulation?
Answer: financial

Question: The flexibility of what segment could support economic growth in Samoa?
Answer: the labour market

Question: What infrastructure has benefited greatly from capital investment?
Answer: hotel infrastructure

Question: What's the name of the team-up between Samoa and Virgin Australia?
Answer: Virgin Samoa

Question: Is Samoa helped or hurt by political upheaval in the countries around them?
Answer: helped

Question: What have neighboring Pacific countries called for?

Question: What is one strength of Virgin Blue and its operations?

Question: What are two things that have helped the launch of Virgin Samoa?

Question: In what year did the Samoan government call for the financial sector to be deregulated?

Question: What was launched as a joint venture between Pacific countries and capital investment?
Samoa

In the period before German colonisation, Samoa produced mostly copra. German merchants and settlers were active in introducing large scale plantation operations and developing new industries, notably cocoa bean and rubber, relying on imported labourers from China and Melanesia. When the value of natural rubber fell drastically, about the end of the Great War (World War I), the New Zealand government encouraged the production of bananas, for which there is a large market in New Zealand.[citation needed]

Question: What was Samoa's major production product before the Germans arrived?
Answer: copra

Question: What product significantly dropped in price at the end of World War I?
Answer: natural rubber

Question: What did Samoa start growing more of to make up for the lost value of rubber?
Answer: bananas

Question: Which country's government wanted Samoa to grow bananas for them?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: Besides Melanesia, which country sent many workers for the cocoa and rubber plantations in Samoa?
Answer: China

Question: What did China produce before Melanesian colonization?

Question: What new industries were produced by China in Somoa?

Question: What happened when the price of cocoa beans fell?

Question: What is there a large market for in Melanesia?

Question: What groups were developing new industries and plantations in Melanesia?
Samoa

The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in excess of 40,000 metric tons (44,000 short tons) of copra. Samoan cocoa beans are of very high quality and used in fine New Zealand chocolates. Most are Criollo-Forastero hybrids. Coffee grows well, but production has been uneven. WSTEC is the biggest coffee producer. Rubber has been produced in Samoa for many years, but its export value has little impact on the economy.[citation needed]

Question: What is copra?
Answer: dried coconut meat

Question: How many metric tons of bananas and copra does Samoa produce each year?
Answer: 13,000 to 15,000

Question: What pest is the greatest threat to Samoan crops?
Answer: rhinoceros beetle

Question: Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?
Answer: high quality

Question: What company produces more coffee than any other in Samoa?
Answer: WSTEC

Question: In how many tons is the annual production of coffee?

Question: What would happen if rubber wasn't produced in Samoa?

Question: What kind of coffee plants are grown in Samoa?

Question: What company is the largest copra producer?

Question: What kind of impact does the export value of copra have on the economy?
Samoa

Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). The Head of State until 2007, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, was a Bahá'í convert. Samoa hosts one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State, it is located in Tiapapata, 8 km (5 mi) from Apia.

Question: What's the most popular church in Samoa?
Answer: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa

Question: What percentage of Samoa's population is Mormon?
Answer: 7.6%

Question: Where is the Bahá'í place of worship located in Samoa?
Answer: Tiapapata

Question: What Samoan Head of State might have worshiped at the Bahá'í House of Worship?
Answer: His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II

Question: What church's religion does 19.4% of the Samoan population practice?
Answer: Roman Catholic

Question: What percentage of Samoans were Methodist in 2007?

Question: Who was the Head of State In Samoa until 2011?

Question: When was the Roman Catholic church built in Samoa?

Question: Who dedicated the Roman Catholic church built in Samoa in 1984?

Question: Where is the Roman Catholic church located in Samoa?
Samoa

Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa. As such, ancient beliefs continue to co-exist side-by-side with Christianity, particularly in regard to the traditional customs and rituals of fa'a Samoa. The Samoan culture is centred around the principle of vāfealoa'i, the relationships between people. These relationships are based on respect, or fa'aaloalo. When Christianity was introduced in Samoa, most Samoan people converted. Currently 98% of the population identify themselves as Christian.

Question: What religion is practiced by the vast majority of Samoans?
Answer: Christianity

Question: What word that means human relationships is at the core of Samoa's culture?
Answer: vāfealoa'i

Question: What word is used in Samoa to mean "respect"?
Answer: fa'aaloalo

Question: What percentage of Samoans call themselves Christians?
Answer: 98%

Question: What religion is practiced by the fa'aaloalo?

Question: What word encapsulates the core beliefs of Christianity?

Question: How much of the population believe in fa'a Samoa?

Question: What is the practice of Christianity based on?

Question: What happened when fa'a Samoa was introduced?
Samoa

The Samoan word for dance is siva with unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tells a story, although the Samoan male dances can be more physical and snappy. The sasa is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid synchronised movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (pate) or rolled mats. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. This is believed to have been derived from slapping insects on the body.

Question: What does "siva" mean in Samoan?
Answer: dance

Question: What's the name of the traditional Samoan dance performed by synchronized rows of dancers?
Answer: sasa

Question: What are pates?
Answer: wooden drums

Question: What is the name of the Samoan dance only men can perform?
Answer: fa'ataupati

Question: The "slap dance" probably mimics the movements of Samoans trying to rid themselves of what creatures?
Answer: insects

Question: What is the Samoan word for rhythm?

Question: What is another dance not performed by men?

Question: Why was the siva dance created?

Question: What kind of instruments are used when performing the siva?

Question: What else does the sasa do besides having unique gentle movements of the body to music?
Samoa

Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience. In 1989, his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand, directed by Martyn Sanderson. Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979, directed by Paul Maunder. The late John Kneubuhl, born in American Samoa, was an accomplished playwright and screenwriter and writer. Sia Figiel won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for fiction in the south-east Asia/South Pacific region with her novel "Where We Once Belonged". Momoe Von Reiche is an internationally recognised poet and artist. Tusiata Avia is a performance poet. Her first book of poetry Wild Dogs Under My Skirt was published by Victoria University Press in 2004. Dan Taulapapa McMullin is an artist and writer. Other Samoan poets and writers include Sapa'u Ruperake Petaia, Eti Sa'aga and Savea Sano Malifa, the editor of the Samoa Observer.

Question: What Samoan author write Flying Fox in Freedom Tree?
Answer: Albert Wendt

Question: In what country was Flying Fox in Freedom Tree made into a feature film?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: Which Wendt novel was made into a film directed by Paul Maunder?
Answer: Sons for the Return Home

Question: Who won a Commonwealth Writers' Prize for fiction for her book "Where We Once Belonged"?
Answer: Sia Figiel

Question: What type of literature does Tusiata Avia write?
Answer: poetry

Question: What novel was written by Martyn Sanderson?

Question: What happened to Martyn Sanderson's novel in 1989?

Question: What did Paul Maunder win in 1997?

Question: What novel was written by Paul Maunder?

Question: What book of poetry was published by John Kneubuhl in 2004?
Samoa

In music, popular local bands include The Five Stars, Penina o Tiafau and Punialava'a. The Yandall Sisters' cover of the song Sweet Inspiration reached number one on the New Zealand charts in 1974. King Kapisi was the first hip hop artist to receive the prestigious New Zealand APRA Silver Scroll Award in 1999 for his song Reverse Resistance. The music video for Reverse Resistance was filmed in Savai'i at his villages. Other successful Samoan hip hop artists include rapper Scribe, Dei Hamo, Savage and Tha Feelstyle whose music video Suamalie was filmed in Samoa.

Question: What popular Samoan band has a number in its name?
Answer: The Five Stars

Question: What song covered by a Samoan group was a 1974 number one in New Zealand?
Answer: Sweet Inspiration

Question: What award did King Kapisi win for his song Reverse Resistance?
Answer: New Zealand APRA Silver Scroll Award

Question: Which hip hop artist filmed a music video for his song Suamalie in Samoa?
Answer: Tha Feelstyle

Question: What year did King Kapisi become the first hip hop artist to win an APRA Silver Scroll?
Answer: 1999

Question: When did the band The Five Stars reach number one on the New Zealand charts?

Question: What award did Penina o Tiafu recieve in 1999?

Question: What song did Penina o Tiafau win the award for in 1999?

Question: What kind of music style does Penina o Tiafau use?

Question: Where was The Five Stars music video filmed?
Samoa

Lemi Ponifasio is a director and choreographer who is prominent internationally with his dance Company MAU. Neil Ieremia's company Black Grace has also received international acclaim with tours to Europe and New York. Hip hop has had a significant impact on Samoan culture. According to Katerina Martina Teaiwa, PhD from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, "Hip hop culture in particular is popular amongst Samoan youth." Like very many other countries, hip hop music is popular. In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also "testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves," and to the "circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel." Dance both in its traditional form and its more modern forms has remained a central cultural currency to Samoans, especially youths.

Question: What did Lemi Ponifasio name his dance company?
Answer: MAU

Question: What genre of music greatly influenced the culture in Samoa?
Answer: Hip hop

Question: What Samoan choreographer founded Black Grace?
Answer: Neil Ieremia

Question: What professor at the University in Hawaii at Manoa wrote about the relationships between hip hop, dance, and traditional Samoan culture?
Answer: Katerina Martina Teaiwa

Question: Among what age group in Samoa is hip hop and dance most popular?
Answer: youths

Question: What has Neil Leremia's company MAU recieved when touring in Europe and NY?

Question: What is Lemi Ponifasio's position at hs company Black Grace?

Question: What is popular among Samoan youth according to Lemi Ponifasio?

Question: Among what group is the dance company MAU popular?

Question: What dance form is taught at the University of Hawaii?
Samoa

Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival. The feature film Siones Wedding, co-written by Oscar Kightley, was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia. The 2011 film The Orator was the first ever fully Samoan film, shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story. Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese, it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world.

Question: Who made the film O Tamaiti?
Answer: Sima Urale

Question: What was Sima Urale's first feature-length production?
Answer: Apron Strings

Question: What movie was the first ever all-Samoan production?
Answer: The Orator

Question: Who wrote and directed The Orator?
Answer: Tusi Tamasese

Question: In what year did Apron Strings star as the opening film of the NZ International Film Festival?
Answer: 2008

Question: What film directed by Oscar Knightley won Best Short Film in 1996?

Question: What event did the first feature film made by Oscar Knightley open?

Question: What was the name of the first fully Samoan film made in 1996?

Question: Who wrote and directed Siones Wedding in 2011?

Question: Where did the film Apron Strings receive critical acclaim and attention in 2011?
Samoa

Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.

Question: What do Samoans affectionately call their national rugby team?
Answer: Manu Samoa

Question: The Samoan team hasn't missed a Rugby World Cup since what year?
Answer: 1991

Question: What organization governs the Samoan rugby team?
Answer: Samoa Rugby Football Union

Question: What team that went on to become World Cup champions was almost bested by Manu Samoa in 2003?
Answer: England

Question: In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup?
Answer: 1999

Question: What is the national sport in England?

Question: How long has England competed at every Rugby World Cup?

Question: How often did England make quarter finals?

Question: When did England come close to beating Samoa?

Question: What alliance has England been a member of since 1991?
Samoa

Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012.

Question: In what competition did the Samoan rugby team reach the quarter finals in 2013?
Answer: Rugby League World Cup

Question: Apart from Australia, in what country other than Samoa might Samoan rugby players live?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: What Samoan rugby player signed to London Irish rugby club?
Answer: Setima Sa

Question: How many teams played in the 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition?
Answer: 10

Question: What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for?
Answer: St Helens

Question: What is mostly played by Australians living in New Zealand?

Question: What players made up the British rugby team in 2013?

Question: How many teams played in the 2013 Rugby League World Cup?

Question: What rugby club did Francis Meli sign with in 2012?

Question: How many teams will the NRL expand to have in 2012?
Pope_Paul_VI

Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini automatically became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.

Question: On What date was Pope Paul VI born?
Answer: 26 September 1897

Question: On what date did Pope Paul VI die?
Answer: 6 August 1978)

Question: In what year did Pope Paul VI close the Second Vatican Counsel?
Answer: 1965

Question: When was Pope Paul VI elected as Pope?
Answer: 21 June 1963

Question: What was Pope Paul VI's first name at birth?
Answer: Giovanni
Pope_Paul_VI

Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.

Question: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI?
Answer: Marian

Question: What name had not been used for a Pope since the year 1605?
Answer: "Paul"

Question: In what year was the name "Paul" last used as a pontifical name before Pope Paul VI became Pope?
Answer: 1605

Question: What did Pope Paul VI re-convene when he became Pope?
Answer: the Second Vatican Council

Question: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?
Answer: encyclical Humanae vitae
Pope_Paul_VI

Giovanni Battista Montini was born in the village of Concesio, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy in 1897. His father Giorgio Montini was a lawyer, journalist, director of the Catholic Action and member of the Italian Parliament. His mother was Giudetta Alghisi, from a family of rural nobility. He had two brothers, Francesco Montini, who became a physician, and Lodovico Montini, who became a lawyer and politician. On 30 September 1897, he was baptized in the name of Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini. He attended Cesare Arici, a school run by the Jesuits, and in 1916, he received a diploma from Arnaldo da Brescia, a public school in Brescia. His education was often interrupted by bouts of illness.

Question: In what Italian province was Giovanni Battista Montini born?
Answer: Brescia, Lombardy

Question: In what Italian village was Giovanni Battista Montini born?
Answer: Concesio

Question: What political organization was Giovanni's father a member of?
Answer: Italian Parliament

Question: How many brothers did Giovanni have?
Answer: two

Question: What was Giovanni's mother descended from?
Answer: rural nobility
Pope_Paul_VI

In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.

Question: In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest?
Answer: 1916

Question: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?
Answer: Canon Law

Question: In what city did Montini finish his doctoral studies?
Answer: Milan

Question: At what age did Montini enter the Secretariat of state?
Answer: twenty-five

Question: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo?
Answer: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici
Pope_Paul_VI

The only foreign diplomatic experience Montini underwent was his time in the nunciature in Warsaw, Poland in 1923. Like Achille Ratti before him,[a] he felt confronted with the huge problem, not limited to Poland, of excessive nationalism: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers. Then one seeks the expansion of one's own country at the expense of the immediate neighbours. People grow up with a feeling of being hemmed in. Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars." When he was recalled to Rome he was happy to go, because "this concludes this episode of my life, which has provided useful, though not always joyful, experiences."

Question: What political problem did Montini feel he needed to address as a diplomat in Poland?
Answer: excessive nationalism

Question: How did Montini see the nationalism of Poland as a problem?
Answer: treats foreigners as enemies

Question: What humanitarian concept did Montini see nationalism as violating?
Answer: common frontiers

Question: What type of political stability was compromised as a result of violent nationalism?
Answer: Peace

Question: Where was Montini happy to return to after his tenure in Poland?
Answer: Rome
Pope_Paul_VI

His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia, the papal civil service. In 1931, Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Papal Academy for Diplomats In 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI. From Pius XI, whom he viewed with awe, he adopted the view, that learning is a life long process, and that history was the magister vitae teacher of life His immediate supervisor in the Vatican was Domenico Tardini, with whom he got along well. The election of Pacelli to the papacy in 1939, anticipated by everybody and openly promoted by Pope Pius XI in his last years, was a good omen for Montini, whose position was confirmed in the position under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. He met the pope every morning until 1954 and thus developed a rather close relationship:

Question: What type of natural ability helped Montini in his career in the Roman Curia?
Answer: organisational skills

Question: When was Paccelli elected to the papacy?
Answer: 1939

Question: With whom did Montini have a relationship with that eventually groomed him for the papacy?
Answer: Pacelli

Question: Where did Montini teach history?
Answer: Papal Academy for Diplomats

Question: Who was Montini's mentor that eventually became a Cardinal?
Answer: Giuseppe Pizzardo
Pope_Paul_VI

As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.

Question: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?
Answer: ordinary affairs

Question: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?
Answer: Vatican's State Department

Question: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?
Answer: Private Secretary

Question: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?
Answer: letters

Question: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?
Answer: war years
Pope_Paul_VI

At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons. Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican. In 1944, Luigi Maglione died, and Pius XII appointed Tardini and Montini together as heads of the State Department. Montini's admiration was almost filial, when he described Pope Pius XII:

Question: In what year was the office for information for prisoners and refugees founded?
Answer: 1939

Question: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?
Answer: ten million

Question: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?
Answer: politician

Question: With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to?
Answer: Pope Pius XII

Question: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances?
Answer: Mussolini
Pope_Paul_VI

As Secretary of State Montini coordinated the activities of assistance to the persecuted hidden in convents, parishes, seminaries, and in ecclesiastical schools. At the request of the pope, together with Pascalina Lehnert, Ferdinando Baldelli and Otto Faller, he created the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter, food and other material assistance. In Rome alone this organization distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944. The Vatican and the Papal Residence Castel Gandolfo were opened to refugees. Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone, supported by the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza. At the request of Pius XII, Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum, providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers, who had escaped from Axis prison camps, Jews, anti-Fascists, Socialists, Communists, and after the liberation of Rome, German soldiers, partisans and other displaced persons. After the war and later as pope, Montini turned the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, into the major charity, Caritas Italiana.[b]

Question: Who requested Montini become involved in the Church Asylum movement?
Answer: Pius XII

Question: What war time group did the Vatican and Papal residence open their doors to?
Answer: refugees

Question: How many people lived at Castel Gofolfo during the war?
Answer: 15,000

Question: What organization did Montini form with other fellow officials to help refugees?
Answer: Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza

Question: What did Montini strive to reestablish to help persecuted Jews and allied soldiers?
Answer: Church Asylum
Pope_Paul_VI

Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.

Question: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?
Answer: 1954

Question: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan?
Answer: 1955

Question: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan?
Answer: 5 January

Question: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop?
Answer: Milan

Question: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop?
Answer: his sick-bed
Pope_Paul_VI

Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.

Question: What group did Montini oppose reforming?
Answer: Ecumenical Council

Question: In what year was Montini appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission? 
Answer: 1961

Question: Where did the Pope ask Cardinal Montini to live?
Answer: Vatican

Question: What did Montini avoid as a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs?
Answer: debates

Question: What illness had the Pope contracted?
Answer: cancer
Pope_Paul_VI

During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."

Question: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership?
Answer: progressive

Question: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?
Answer: pastoral care

Question: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?
Answer: posters

Question: How many "voices" did Montini's posters claim the people of Milan would hear?
Answer: 1,000

Question: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?
Answer: 7,000
Pope_Paul_VI

Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate. Previously as Pro-Secretary, he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations, representing 42 national organizations. He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951. The second meeting in 1957 gave Montini an opportunity to express the lay apostolate in modern terms: "Apostolate means love. We will love all, but especially those, who need help... We will love our time, our technology, our art, our sports, our world."

Question: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957?
Answer: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate

Question: According to Montini was does the term apostolate mean?
Answer: love

Question: How many nations did Montini hope to unify as Pro-secretary?
Answer: 58

Question: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?
Answer: 1951
Pope_Paul_VI

Although some cardinals seem to have viewed him as papabile, a likely candidate to become pope, and may have received some votes in the 1958 conclave, Montini was not yet a cardinal, which made him an unlikely choice.[c] Angelo Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and assumed the name John XXIII. On 17 November 1958, L'Osservatore Romano announced a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Montini's name led the list. When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years.

Question: What role was Montini not considered a likely candidate for?
Answer: pope

Question: What had Montini yet to become?
Answer: a cardinal,

Question: Who was elected pope in 1958?
Answer: Angelo Roncalli

Question: When did Montini finally become a cardinal?
Answer: 15 December 1958

Question: What doicese did Montini become cardinal of?
Answer: Ss. Silvestro e Martino
Pope_Paul_VI

As a Cardinal, Montini journeyed to Africa (1962), where he visited Ghana, Sudan, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Nigeria. After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours. In fifteen other trips he visited Brazil (1960) and the USA (1960), including New York City, Washington, DC, Chicago, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. While a cardinal, he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey, a secluded Benedictine monastery in Switzerland.

Question: What country did Montini visit as Cardinal?
Answer: Africa

Question: In what year did Montini travel to visit Africa as a cardinal?
Answer: 1962

Question: How many foreign trips did Montini make as Cardinal?
Answer: fifteen

Question: In what year did Montini visit the United States?
Answer: 1960

Question: Where did Montini like to use as a retreat as a cardinal?
Answer: Engelberg Abbey
Pope_Paul_VI

Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer. He was viewed as most likely to continue the Second Vatican Council, which already, without any tangible results, had lasted longer than anticipated by John XXIII, who had a vision but "did not have a clear agenda. His rhetoric seems to have had a note of over-optimism, a confidence in progress, which was characteristic of the 1960s." When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.

Question: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals?
Answer: reformer

Question: What organization did the church expect Montini to continue?
Answer: Second Vatican Council

Question: What illness caused the death of Pope John XXIII
Answer: stomach cancer

Question: In what year did Pope John XXIII die?
Answer: 1963

Question: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of?
Answer: pope
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Paul VI donated his own Papal Tiara, a gift from his former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.

Question: What did Paul VI donate to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception ?
Answer: Papal Tiara

Question: What group gave Paul VI his Papal tiara?
Answer: Archdiocese of Milan

Question: Where is the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception located?
Answer: Washington, DC

Question: Who was the last pope to be crowned?
Answer: Paul VI

Question: What ceremony had Paul VI left in place in in the 1975 apostolic constitution?
Answer: Papal Coronation
Pope_Paul_VI

During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]

Question: Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?
Answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea

Question: What did Paul VI believe in keeping friendly to people of other Christian faiths?
Answer: Council language

Question: Who insisted that Protestant and Orthodox Christians be invited to all Counsel meetings?
Answer: Pope John XXIII

Question: Which cardinal became heavily engaged in the passage of Nostra aetate?
Answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea

Question: Which Vatican strove to avoid offending other Christian faiths with counsel session language?
Answer: Vatican II
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI opened the third period on 14 September 1964, telling the Council Fathers that he viewed the text about the Church as the most important document to come out from the Council. As the Council discussed the role of bishops in the papacy, Paul VI issued an explanatory note confirming the primacy of the papacy, a step which was viewed by some as meddling in the affairs of the Council American bishops pushed for a speedy resolution on religious freedom, but Paul VI insisted this to be approved together with related texts such as ecumenism. The Pope concluded the session on 21 November 1964, with the formal pronouncement of Mary as Mother of the Church.

Question: What topic did Paul VI see as the most important to the church counsel?
Answer: Church

Question: Who did Paul VI feel was most important in the Catholic Hierarchy?
Answer: papacy

Question: What did the American Counsel of Bishops rally for?
Answer: religious freedom

Question: What Saint did Paul VI denote as mother of the Catholic church?
Answer: Mary

Question: In what year did Paul VI formally appoint Mary as mother of the Catholic church?
Answer: 1964
Pope_Paul_VI

Between the third and fourth sessions the pope announced reforms in the areas of Roman Curia, revision of Canon Law, regulations for mixed marriages involving several faiths, and birth control issues. He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted. Several texts proposed for his approval had to be changed. But all texts were finally agreed upon. The Council was concluded on 8 December 1965, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception.

Question: What did Paul VI enact between the third and fourth ecumenical sessions?
Answer: reforms

Question: What does the Catholic church considered "mixed" in a "mixed marriage"?
Answer: faiths

Question: What is celebrated in the Catholic calendar the 8 of December? 
Answer: the Feast of the Immaculate Conception.

Question: In what year was Paul Vi's final counsel session?
Answer: 1965

Question: With whom did Paul VI celebrate surviving persecution in other countries?
Answer: bishops
Pope_Paul_VI

Pope Paul VI knew the Roman Curia well, having worked there for a generation from 1922 to 1954. He implemented his reforms in stages, rather than in one fell swoop. On 1 March 1968, he issued a regulation, a process that had been initiated by Pius XII and continued by John XXIII. On 28 March, with Pontificalis Domus, and in several additional Apostolic Constitutions in the following years, he revamped the entire Curia, which included reduction of bureaucracy, streamlining of existing congregations and a broader representation of non-Italians in the curial positions.

Question: For whom did Paul VI work for from 1922 to 1954?
Answer: Roman Curia

Question: In what year did Paul VI issue a regulation?
Answer: 1968

Question: With whom did Paul VI issue a regulation in 1968?
Answer: Pontificalis Domus

Question: What did Paul Vi's reforms reduce in the Curia?
Answer: bureaucracy

Question: Whose representation was enlarged through reforms in the Curia?
Answer: non-Italians
Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age.

Question: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves?
Answer: eighty

Question: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?
Answer: 75

Question: At what age were cardinals subsequently required to retire in an edict issued in 1970?
Answer: 75

Question: What did Paul VI over hall with age and retirement restrictions?
Answer: papal elections

Question: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?
Answer: 1966
Pope_Paul_VI

Reform of the liturgy had been a part of the liturgical movements in the 20th century mainly in France, and Germany which were officially recognized by Pius XII in his encyclical Mediator Dei. During the pontificate of Pius XII, the Vatican eased regulations on the use of Latin in Roman Catholic liturgies, permitting some use of vernacular languages during baptisms, funerals and other events. In 1951 and 1955, the Easter liturgies underwent revision, most notably including the reintroduction of the Easter Triduum. The Second Vatican Council made no changes to the Roman Missal, but in the document Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated that a general revision of it take place. After the Vatican Council, in April 1969, Paul VI approved the "new Order of Mass" promulgated in 1970, as stated in the Acta Apostolica Sedis to "end experimentation" with the Mass and which included the introduction of three new Eucharistic Prayers to what was up to then a single Roman Canon.

Question: What language was traditionally used in Roman Catholic services?
Answer: Latin

Question: What were revised between 1951 and 1955?
Answer: Easter liturgies

Question: What was re instated to the Easter liturgy by reform?
Answer: Easter Triduum

Question: What type of service did Paul Vi announce reformed in 1969?
Answer: Mass

Question: How many new prayers were included in the official mass reforms of 1969?
Answer: three