Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Republic_of_the_Congo

Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.

Question: Who became president of the Congo in 1968?
Answer: Marien Ngouabi

Question: What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?
Answer: People's Republic of the Congo

Question: What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?
Answer: Congolese Labour Party

Question: In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi?
Answer: 1972

Question: On what date was Ngouabi assassinated?
Answer: March 16, 1977

Question: Who left the presidency on December 31, 1968?

Question: Who became president after Denis Sassou Nguesso?

Question: What did the Congo's name change to under Denis Sassou Nguesso?

Question: When did Denis Sassou Nguesso survive a coup?

Question: When was Joachim Yhombi-Opango assassinated?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.

Question: Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?
Answer: Eastern Bloc

Question: Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government?
Answer: dictatorship

Question: What was an important tool of the Sassou government?
Answer: political repression

Question: Who aligned the country with the Western Bloc?

Question: Who relied more on patronage to maintain his dictatorship?

Question: What was the least important tool of the Sassou government?

Question: What did Sassou sign a ten year friendship pact with?

Question: How long was the friendship pact Sassou signed with the Eastern Bloc?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

Question: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?
Answer: Pascal Lissouba

Question: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?
Answer: IMF

Question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
Answer: civil war

Question: What does ESAF stand for?
Answer: enhanced structural adjustment facility

Question: Who was Congo's last elected president?

Question: What year did the IMF turn down  a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility?

Question: When did civil war end in Congo?

Question: Who was president during the period of single party democracy?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

Question: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?
Answer: Lissouba and Sassou

Question: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?
Answer: Cobras

Question: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?
Answer: Angolan

Question: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?
Answer: October

Question: When did Congo's democratic progress get back on track?

Question: When did the tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps start to dissipate?

Question: When did government forces surround Lissouba's compound?

Question: Where was Lissouba's compound located?

Question: What were members of Lissouba's militia called?
Republic_of_the_Congo

In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.

Question: Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?
Answer: Milongo

Question: How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?
Answer: seven years

Question: When was the new constitution ratified?
Answer: January 2002

Question: When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?
Answer: April 2003

Question: Who won more than 90% of the vote?

Question: When did Bernard Kolelas win the election?

Question: What did Lissouba advise his supporters to do?

Question: What did international observers see no problem with?

Question: What reduced the president's term to seven years?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".

Question: Who won the presidential election in 2009?
Answer: Sassou

Question: Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?
Answer: Congolese Observatory of Human Rights

Question: What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?
Answer: very low

Question: What election did Sassou lose?

Question: What year did Sassou lose re-election?

Question: Who said the election was marked by very high turnout?

Question: What governmental organization commented on the election?

Question: What month did Sassou lose an election in?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.

Question: What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?
Answer: multi-party

Question: Which party does Sassou belong to?
Answer: Congolese Labour Party

Question: What is the French term for Sassou's political party?
Answer: Parti Congolais du Travail

Question: Since when has Congo-Brazzaville has a single party political system?

Question: Who has serious competition in the presidential elections?

Question: What is the Congolese Labour Party called in German?

Question: What party does not back Sassou?

Question: What is not dominated by Sassou?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".

Question: What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?
Answer: corruption revelations

Question: What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?
Answer: France

Question: What did Sassou's regime not attempt to censor?

Question: What has Sassou's regime been hit by nationally?

Question: What did one German investigation find?

Question: What did France denounce embezzlement investigations as?

Question: What country were no lavish properties found in?
Republic_of_the_Congo

On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.

Question: When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?
Answer: March 27, 2015

Question: Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?
Answer: third

Question: When did Sassou announce that his government would not change the 2002 constitution?

Question: What changed the 2015 constitution?

Question: What percentage of people did the government claim opposed the proposal?

Question: What percentage of people did the government claim did not vote?

Question: What allowed Sassou to run for a second term?
Republic_of_the_Congo

In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.

Question: Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008
Answer: the government

Question: How many government TV stations exist?
Answer: one

Question: How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?
Answer: 10

Question: When was the main media not owned by the government?

Question: When were many privately run forms of media being destroyed?

Question: How many large private television channels were there?

Question: How many government owned radio stations were there?

Question: How many privately owned radio stations were running?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.

Question: Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?
Answer: Bantus

Question: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?
Answer: pets

Question: When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?
Answer: December 30, 2010

Question: Who do many Bantus belong to?

Question: When did the Congolese parliament strike down a law to protect indigenous people?

Question: What is the last of its kind in Africa?

Question: What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say Bantus are treated as?

Question: What does no one refer to as slavery?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?
Answer: 4°N and 5°S

Question: Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?
Answer: 11° and 19°E

Question: What ocean connects to the Congo?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
Answer: Cabinda

Question: What is another name for Cabinda?
Answer: Angola

Question: What is located in the northern part of sub-Saharan Africa?

Question: What is outside of latitudes 4°N and 5°S?

Question: What is to the west of Gabon?

Question: What is to the north of Cameroon?

Question: What has a long coast on the Atlantic Ocean?
Republic_of_the_Congo

The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Question: What is the capital of the Congo?
Answer: Brazzaville

Question: On what river can Brazzaville be found?
Answer: Congo River

Question: What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?
Answer: Kinshasa

Question: What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?
Answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Question: Where is Kinshasa located?

Question: What is located in the north of the Congo?

Question: What is located in the south of the Republic of the Congo?

Question: What city is not located on the Congo River?

Question: What city is located far away from Brazzaville?
Republic_of_the_Congo

The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.

Question: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?
Answer: coastal plain

Question: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?
Answer: Kouilou-Niari River

Question: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?
Answer: plateau

Question: What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?
Answer: Forests

Question: What is not under increasing exploitation pressure?

Question: What river is the source of drainage for the interior of the country?

Question: What kind of geography does the northeast of the country have?

Question: How many basins are located outside of the country?

Question: What do forests in the Congo not have to face?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.

Question: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
Answer: Equator

Question: What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
Answer: 24 °C (75 °F)

Question: What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
Answer: 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)

Question: When does the Congo experience dry season?
Answer: June to August

Question: Why does the country's climate vary year-round?

Question: What is the temperature on an unusual day?

Question: What is the yearly rainfall in the north of the country?

Question: How many rainfall maxima does the minority of the country have?

Question: What is not located on the Equator?
Republic_of_the_Congo

In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.

Question: Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?
Answer: Wildlife Conservation Society

Question: What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?
Answer: Sangha Region

Question: What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?
Answer: inhospitable swamps

Question: When did researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society study chimps?

Question: Where did researchers study chimps in heavily forested regions?

Question: How many chimpanzees live in the area?

Question: What has kept the chimps isolated from humans?

Question: In what kind of regions did researchers not find any gorillas?
Republic_of_the_Congo

The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.

Question: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
Answer: Petroleum

Question: What are two issues in the Congolese government?
Answer: budget problems and overstaffing

Question: What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
Answer: forestry

Question: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
Answer: 65%

Question: What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
Answer: 92%

Question: What is not a part of Congo's economy?

Question: What is the smallest part of the industrial sector?

Question: What is characterized by under staffing?

Question: What percent of the GDP did forestry account for in 2008?

Question: What percent of exports in 2008 were handicrafts?
Republic_of_the_Congo

In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.

Question: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
Answer: large-scale development projects

Question: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
Answer: 5%

Question: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
Answer: 50%

Question: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
Answer: 46%

Question: When did oil revenues rapidly decline?

Question: What enabled the government to finance small development projects?

Question: What was financed by rising forestry revenues?

Question: What contributed to an excess of revenues?

Question: What year was inflation at its lowest point?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.

Question: What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?
Answer: civil war

Question: What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?
Answer: slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict

Question: When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
Answer: December 1998

Question: What organization never supported economic reform efforts?

Question: When did the reform program start?

Question: When did Sassou leave power?

Question: What was helped by slumping oil prices?

Question: Who did not express interest in economic reforms?
Republic_of_the_Congo

The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.

Question: What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
Answer: stimulating recovery and reducing poverty

Question: What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
Answer: Natural gas and diamonds

Question: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
Answer: 2007

Question: Who presides over a stable peace?

Question: When were oil prices at a record low?

Question: What country allegedly smuggled diamonds out of the Congo?

Question: What is not a Congolese export?

Question: When was the Democratic Republic of Congo excluded from the Kimberly process?
Republic_of_the_Congo

The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.

Question: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
Answer: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate

Question: What business organization is the Congo a member of?
Answer: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa

Question: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
Answer: 200,000 hectares

Question: What country doesn't have many metal deposits?

Question: When did the South African government sign an agreement to lease land to Congolese farmers?

Question: What country did the South African government lease land to?

Question: How much land did South Africa lease to the Congo?

Question: Why did South Africa lease land to the Democratic Republic of Congo?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.

Question: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?
Answer: land, air and water

Question: When was the Congo's train system built?
Answer: 1930s

Question: What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?
Answer: Paris

Question: On what ocean is a major port located?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: What method of transport is not available in the Republic of the Congo?

Question: When did the country's rail system get taken out of operation?

Question: How many kilometers of unpaved roads are in the Congo?

Question: How many domestic airports are located in the Republic of the Congo?

Question: Which ocean does the Congo have no ports on?
Republic_of_the_Congo

The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.

Question: In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?
Answer: southwest

Question: How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?
Answer: 534-kilometre (332 mi)

Question: What percent of the population of the Congo lives outside urban areas?

Question: What is one of the small cities in the Congo?

Question: How long is the road that connects the largest cities?

Question: Where has commercial activity increased rapidly?

Question: What are urban economies dependent on the government for?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.

Question: How many languages are used in the Congo?
Answer: 62

Question: What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
Answer: Kongo

Question: How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
Answer: 2%

Question: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
Answer: 12%

Question: What country has a narrow range of languages?

Question: How many languages are spoken outside of the Congo?

Question: What amount of the Kongo are Laari?

Question: What group lives on the Pacific coast?

Question: How many groups can the Teke be categorized into?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.

Question: Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?
Answer: about 9,000

Question: What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?
Answer: French

Question: How many Americans live in the Congo?
Answer: Around 300

Question: How many Americans lived in the Congo before 1997?

Question: How many French expatriates reside in the Congo?

Question: How many Congolese expatriates live in America?

Question: Where did 9000 Europeans and other non-Africans live after the 1997 war?
Republic_of_the_Congo

According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.

Question: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
Answer: Catholics

Question: What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
Answer: 22.3%

Question: What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
Answer: 19.9%

Question: What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
Answer: 1.6%

Question: Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
Answer: foreign workers

Question: What religion is notable due to an influx of foreign workers in the rural areas?

Question: What percentage of Congolese are atheist?

Question: What is the most popular religion in South Africa, according to the CIA World Factbook?

Question: What religion is not found in the Congo?

Question: What is the percentage of Protestants in South Africa?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).

Question: How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?
Answer: 8.9%

Question: What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
Answer: 2.8%

Question: How much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in US dollars?
Answer: $30

Question: For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?
Answer: 20

Question: What percentage of the GDP was public expenditure health after 2004?

Question: What was the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in people over 49?

Question: How much was spent on health per capita after 2004?

Question: What is happening to only a small portion of the population?

Question: How many physicians per 100,000 people were there in the late 2000s?
Republic_of_the_Congo

As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.

Question: As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?
Answer: 560

Question: What does FGM stand for?
Answer: Female genital mutilation

Question: How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?
Answer: 59.34

Question: What was the maternal mortality rate of the Congo in the year 2000?

Question: What was the infant mortality rate of the Congo in 1990?

Question: What procedure is common in the country?

Question: Where is female genital mutilation not found in the Congo?

Question: What is the infant mortality rate in South Africa?
Republic_of_the_Congo

Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.

Question: Public schooling is required for people under what age?
Answer: 16

Question: What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?
Answer: 44%

Question: What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?
Answer: baccalaureate

Question: What language is used in Congolese schools?
Answer: French

Question: What was higher in 2002 than in 1991?

Question: What is theoretically free for people over 16?

Question: When is education not compulsory?

Question: What is the country's only private university?

Question: What courses are not offered at Marien Ngouabi University?
Prime_minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.

Question: What branch of government does the prime minister lead?
Answer: executive

Question: What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?
Answer: cabinet

Question: In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?
Answer: civil service

Question: Who is the senior minister of the judicial branch?

Question: What group oversees the Prime Minister?

Question: Who selects the Prime Minister?

Question: In what type of system is the prime minister the head of state?
Prime_minister

In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.

Question: What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?
Answer: Westminster system

Question: What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?
Answer: ceremonial

Question: In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state?

Question: In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers?
Prime_minister

The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.

Question: What is a central duty of the prime minister?
Answer: ensure the passage of bills

Question: What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?
Answer: royal prerogative

Question: Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?
Answer: parliament

Question: Who has no reponsibility for passing bills with the rest of the cabinet?

Question: What is it called when the monarch has all the executive powers?

Question: Who must consent to the use of royal perogative?
Prime_minister

As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior

Question: What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the  UK?
Answer: First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service

Question: In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?
Answer: Minister of Defence

Question: What are former titles once held by the Prime Minister of the UK?

Question: What role did Winton Churchhill serve in during World War II rather than Prime Minister?

Question: What roles did Benjamin Netanyahu serve in prior to serving on the cabinet of Israel?
Prime_minister

The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.

Question: When was the title of prime minister first used?
Answer: 1625

Question: Who coined the term prime minister?
Answer: Cardinal Richelieu

Question: What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?
Answer: France

Question: Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?
Answer: Louis XIV

Question: What term was first used in the 16th century?

Question: Who used the term Prme Minister in the 16th century?

Question: Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century

Question: Who avoided giving the title of Prime Minister to their chief ministers?
Prime_minister

The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.

Question: When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?
Answer: 18th century

Question: Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?
Answer: Sir Robert Walpole

Question: What came into use in the 1800's?

Question: Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister?

Question: What title is no longer honorific?

Question: What term was used negatively in the 1800's?
Prime_minister

The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".

Question: Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?
Answer: Thomas Cromwell

Question: Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?
Answer: Godolphin

Question: Who served as the head minister under Charles II?
Answer: Clarendon

Question: Who did the monarchs of England and the United Kingdom not trust?

Question: What position did Thomas Cromwell hold under Queen Anne?
Prime_minister

The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.

Question: From whom did ministers derive their power?
Answer: the monarch

Question: Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?
Answer: the monarch

Question: What majority was the prime minister dependent on?

Question: What body did the monarch have no control over?

Question: What body had life long membership?
Prime_minister

When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power.

Question: Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?
Answer: Harley and St John

Question: Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?
Answer: Clarendon

Question: What two ministers fought for power uner Anne?

Question: Who exiled the monarch?

Question: Who did the monarch refuse to have executed?
Prime_minister

In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.

Question: What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?
Answer: Glorious Revolution

Question: What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?
Answer: Bill of Rights

Question: What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?
Answer: House of Commons

Question: What war took place in the 1700's?

Question: What war strenthened the monarchs position?

Question: What Revolution took place in the 17th century?

Question: What bill was passed in the 17th century?

Question: What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes?
Prime_minister

A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.

Question: The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?
Answer: George I

Question: In what year did Queen Anne die?
Answer: 1714

Question: Where was George I's home?
Answer: Hanover

Question: When did George I die?

Question: What language did George speak?

Question: Who did George appoint head of the government?
Prime_minister

From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."

Question: For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?
Answer: twenty-one years

Question: What party did Walpole belong to?
Answer: Whig

Question: What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?
Answer: doctrine of cabinet solidarity

Question: What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy?
Answer: resign

Question: Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?
Answer: Lord Melbourne

Question: Who was the prime minister in the 17th century?

Question: Who waited 21 years to become Prime minister?

Question: Who's opponents packed the House of Commons?

Question: Who did the monarch declare could see him in private?
Prime_minister

Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905.

Question: Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister?
Answer: parliamentarians and legal scholars

Question: Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy?
Answer: George II and George III

Question: During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents?
Answer: Benjamin Disraeli

Question: When was the position of prime minister finally formalized?
Answer: 1905

Question: Who tried to prove the exitence of the Prime Minister?

Question: What monarch gave more power to the prime minister?

Question: Who was loyal to the Commons?

Question: What prime minster was mentally ill?
Prime_minister

By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority.

Question: In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?
Answer: president

Question: What did most countries have by the late 2000's?

Question: Where in the Amaricas has the British system been adopted?
Prime_minister

Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.

Question: Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister?
Answer: Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah

Question: When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?
Answer: 1970

Question: What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister?
Answer: Bahrain

Question: who is the longest serving elected prime minister?
Prime_minister

The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".

Question: Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?
Answer: parliamentary republics

Question: In whic type of government is the leader elected?
Answer: parliamentary republics

Question: What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch?

Question: Who is elected in a constitutional monarch?
Prime_minister

This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.

Question: What is the term for the head of China's government?
Answer: Premier of the State Council

Question: What is another name for the Republic of China?
Answer: Taiwan

Question: Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office?
Answer: legislature

Question: Who is both head of state and the head of government in France?

Question: Who is appointed by the president and approved by the legislature in Taiwan?