Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Association_football

The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to the world's first football league, which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England.

Question: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for founding?
Answer: FA Cup

Question: How long has the FA Cup been contested?
Answer: 1872

Question: Who founded the worlds first football league?
Answer: William McGregor

Question: How many clubs where in the first football league?
Answer: 12

Question: What country is the home of the first football league?
Answer: England

Question: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for eliminating?

Question: How long has the FA Cup been uncontested?

Question: Who founded the worlds smallest football league?

Question: How many clubs were in the last football league?

Question: What country is the first football league forgotten in?
Association_football

The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would adhere to Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The growing popularity of the international game led to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the International Football Association Board in 1913. The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of the four British associations.

Question: What does the abbreviation IFAB stand for?
Answer: International Football Association Board

Question: What year was the IFAB formed?
Answer: 1886

Question: What city was FIFA formed?
Answer: Paris

Question: How many representatives did FIFA have in the IFAB?
Answer: four

Question: How many different British associations where part of the IFAB?
Answer: four

Question: What does the abbreviation IFAB not stand for?

Question: What year was the IFAB ignored?

Question: What city was FIFA banned?

Question: How many representatives did FIFA fire in the IFAB?

Question: How many different British associations were not involved with the IFAB?
Association_football

In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.

Question: In 2006, which team helps secure a truce during a civil war?
Answer: Côte d'Ivoire

Question: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?
Answer: Bouaké

Question: When did the Football War happen?
Answer: June 1969

Question: Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?
Answer: Yugoslav Wars

Question: Which team helped remove a truce during a civil war in 2006?

Question: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2005?

Question: Which wars were more tense in the 1980's due to football?

Question: What match degenerated into rioting in July 1990?
Association_football

The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a "golden age" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 December 1921 when England's Football Association voted to ban the game from grounds used by its member clubs. The FA's ban was rescinded in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognise women's football in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.

Question: What decade is considered the "golden age" of women's football?
Answer: 1920s

Question: Since what year has women's football been an Olympic event?
Answer: 1996

Question: Who voted to ban women's football from its grounds in 1921?
Answer: England's Football Association

Question: In 1971, who officially recognized women's football?
Answer: UEFA

Question: What year was the FIFA Women's first World cup?
Answer: 1991

Question: What decade is considered the "golden age" of men's football?

Question: What year was women's football not an Olympic event?

Question: Who voted to ban women's football from its grounds in 1919?

Question: Who officially recognized women's football in 1970?

Question: What year was the FIFA Women's last World cup?
Association_football

Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to be involved in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks.

Question: What would you describe the shape of the football?
Answer: spherical

Question: How many players are on each team?
Answer: eleven

Question: What happens when both teams score the same amount of points?
Answer: a draw

Question: What is the captain a part of before the start of the game?
Answer: the coin toss

Question: What is another name for the football?
Answer: soccer ball

Question: What would not describe the shape of the football?

Question: How many players are excluded from each team?

Question: What happens when both teams score different amounts of points?

Question: What is the captain a part of after the end of the game?

Question: What is a banned name for the football?
Association_football

The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position.

Question: Who can only handle the ball with their hands or arms during play?
Answer: goalkeepers

Question: When is it okay for regular players to use their hands?
Answer: throw-in restart

Question: A ball cannot be received in what type of position?
Answer: offside

Question: throughout when can players move the ball in any direction?
Answer: the pitch

Question: Who can only handle the ball with their feet during play?

Question: When is it okay for irregular players to use their hands?

Question: What type of position can a ball always be received in?

Question: When can players move the ball in no direction?
Association_football

In game play, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart.

Question: Who guards the goal?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron?
Answer: referee

Question: what is allowed but restricted?
Answer: physical contact

Question: Besides a referee interfering, when else is play stopped?
Answer: when the ball has left the field of play

Question: Who is not allowed to guard the goal?

Question: Who is the only one who does not have the authority to stop the game when something is wrong?

Question: What is not allowed but restricted?

Question: When is play not allowed to be stopped?

Question: What happens before a stoppage?
Association_football

There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

Question: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
Answer: 17

Question: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
Answer: International Football Association Board (IFAB)

Question: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
Answer: flexibility

Question: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
Answer: FIFA

Question: How many laws are excluded from the official Laws of the Game?

Question: Who avoids the Laws of the Game?

Question: What do broad terms in the laws help eliminate?

Question: Who doesn't read the Laws of the Game?

Question: How many people follow the official Laws of the Game?
Association_football

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.

Question: Out of the maximum amount of players allowed, one must be a what?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: The maximum amount of players exclude what?
Answer: substitutes

Question: What is the maximum amount of players allowed?
Answer: eleven

Question: If there's a minimum amount of players it's usually what?
Answer: seven

Question: Players are usually strategically placed by who?
Answer: coach

Question: What position is not required for either team?

Question: What is not excluded from the maximum amount of players?

Question: What amount of players is not allowed?

Question: Who does not usually place players strategically?

Question: What position is not allowed on either team?
Association_football

The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

Question: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?
Answer: kit

Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
Answer: An athletic supporter and protective cup

Question: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?
Answer: forbidden

Question: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries? 
Answer: Headgear

Question: What is the equipment a player wears never called?

Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for female players?

Question: Who wears clothing that matches everyone else on the field?

Question: Wearing anything that could be dangerous is never what?

Question: What is required to protect a player from head injuries?
Association_football

As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.

Question: Imperial units where once used to express the dimensions of a what?
Answer: football pitch

Question: Laws were formulated in what country?
Answer: England

Question: What unit of measurement is now expressed by the Laws?
Answer: metric

Question: The use of imperial units is still popular in what kind of countries?
Answer: English-speaking

Question: What have imperial units never been used to express the dimensions of?

Question: What country never formulated laws?

Question: What unit of measurement can't be expressed by the Laws?

Question: What kind of countries are imperial units not considered popular?
Association_football

The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.

Question: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?
Answer: 100–110 m

Question: In what year did the IFAB initially approve a fixed size as a standard pitch dimension for international matches?
Answer: 2008

Question: When was the IFAB's decision on the fixed size of the pitch become implemented? 
Answer: never

Question: What is the range for the length of fields for non international matches in meters?
Answer: 90–120 m

Question: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?
Answer: 64–75 m

Question: What is the range for the height for local matches in meters?

Question: What year did the IFAB initially reject a fixed size as a standard pitch dimension for international matches?

Question: What is the range for the depth for international matches in meters?

Question: What decision was recently implemented?

Question: What is the length of the pitch for international child matches?
Association_football

In front of the goal is the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.

Question: What is the penalty area marked by?
Answer: goal line

Question: a penalty foul by the defending team can be punishable by a what?
Answer: penalty kick

Question: how many meters from the goalpost does a penalty area extend? 
Answer: 16.5 m

Question: Only who can handle the ball with his hands?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: What is the penalty area hidden by?

Question: What can not be used to punish a penalty foul?

Question: How many miles from the goalpost does a penalty area extend?

Question: Who can't handle the ball with his hands?

Question: Where do markings not define the position of the ball?
Association_football

A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.

Question: How many periods are in a standard football match?
Answer: two

Question: How long are each period in a standard football match?
Answer: 45

Question: What are the periods in a football match called?
Answer: halves

Question: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for?
Answer: referee

Question: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?
Answer: 1891

Question: How many periods are in a non-standard football match?

Question: How long are each period in a non-standard football match?

Question: What are the periods in a football match never called?

Question: Who has no influence on how long stoppage time can go on for?

Question: What year did an incident reduce additional time?
Association_football

In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).

Question: Matches where a winner must be decided is called what type of competitions?
Answer: knockout

Question: Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes?
Answer: 15

Question: What are penalty shootouts officially known as in the Laws of the Game?
Answer: kicks from the penalty mark

Question: Which goals count to the final score of the game? 
Answer: Goals scored during extra time

Question: When a winner must not be decided what type of match is this?

Question: How long are extra time periods in hours?

Question: What are penalty shootouts not known as in the Laws of the Game?

Question: Which goals do not count toward the final score of the game?
Association_football

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.

Question: Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?
Answer: the IFAB

Question: What is the golden goal?
Answer: the first goal in extra time

Question: Who was the first team to win using the golden goal to their advantage?
Answer: France

Question: What team did France beat in 1998?
Answer: Paraguay

Question: What year did the Czech Republic lose in the final of Euro?
Answer: 1996

Question: Who experimented with creating losers by requiring penalty shootouts?

Question: What is the golden goat?

Question: Who was the last team to win using the golden goal to their advantage?

Question: What team did France beat in 1995?

Question: What year did the Czech Republic win in the final of Euro?
Association_football

The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.

Question: Which card does a referee use to signal a caution to a player?
Answer: yellow card

Question: How many yellow cards lead to a red card?
Answer: A second

Question: What does a red card mean?
Answer: dismissal

Question: A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what?
Answer: booked

Question: Managers and support staff is considered what and thus cannot be shown a card?
Answer: Non-players

Question: Which card does a referee avoid to signal a caution to a player?

Question: How many yellow cards lead to a blue card?

Question: What does a blue card mean?

Question: What is it called when a referee gives out a green card?

Question: Who can always be shown a card?
Association_football

Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing. Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game. Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card. Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh.

Question: Players who are sent off in a game are often faced with what?
Answer: mandatory suspensions

Question: Sometimes clubs can do what if they feel that a punishment was too harsh?
Answer: appeals

Question: Football associations enforce what kind of conduct?
Answer: good

Question: What do players who are sent off in a game never faced with?

Question: What can clubs do if they feel that a punishment was not harsh enough?

Question: What kind of conduct is never enforced by Football associations?

Question: What is never allowed as recourse for player suspensions?
Association_football

There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament.

Question: Which year was there not a Summer Olympic Game?
Answer: 1932

Question: In what year was a women's tournament added to the Summer Olympics?
Answer: 1996

Question: What year were professional players allowed to play in the  Summer Olympics? 
Answer: 1984

Question: What is the age limit on the Olympic men's tournament? 
Answer: Under-23

Question: What was the first year that there was a football tournament at the Summer Olympics? 
Answer: 1900

Question: Which year was there not a Winter Olympic Game?

Question: What year was a men's tournament added to the Summer Olympics?

Question: What year were novice players allowed to play in the Summer Olympics?

Question: What is the age requirement on the Olympic men's tournament?

Question: What was the last year that there was a football tournament at the Winter Olympics?
Association_football

After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.

Question: What does UEFA Stand for?
Answer: European Championship

Question: The FIFA Confederations Cups is usually considered a warm-up for what?
Answer: FIFA World Cup

Question: What do winners of the continental competition get to do?
Answer: contest the FIFA Club World Cup

Question: What does CAF stand for?
Answer: African Cup of Nations

Question: What does UEFA Stand against?

Question: What is considered a warm-up for the FIFA Confederations Cups?

Question: What do losers of the continental competition get to do?

Question: What does CAF oppose?

Question: What are the least prestigious competitions called?
Association_football

The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season, normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into tables, placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament. At the end of a season, the top team is declared the champion. The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are relegated to a lower division.

Question: What do teams gain for doing well throughout the season?
Answer: points

Question: What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season?
Answer: round-robin

Question: What could happen to the top few teams at the end of the season?
Answer: promoted to a higher division

Question: What happens to the teams at the bottom of the ranks at the end of the season?
Answer: relegated to a lower division

Question: Who operate league systems?
Answer: governing bodies

Question: What do teams lose for doing well throughout the season?

Question: What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in off-season?

Question: Who avoid league systems?

Question: What happens to the worst team at the end of the season?

Question: Which teams are banned from competition?
Association_football

A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

Question: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?
Answer: substitutes

Question: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?
Answer: three

Question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?
Answer: individual football associations

Question: What is one who injures a player during a game called?

Question: What is the minimum number of substitutions during most professional games?

Question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for completed games?

Question: Who can not be replaced during the course of the game?
Georgian_architecture

Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.

Question: Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830?
Answer: George I, George II, George III, and George IV

Question: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?
Answer: Colonial Revival

Question: Between what years was Georgian architecture in style?
Answer: between 1714 and 1830

Question: What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture.
Answer: Neo-Georgian

Question: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830?
Answer: House of Hanover

Question: What type of architecture was current before 1714?

Question: What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States?

Question: What was the name of the 19th century revival in Great Britian?

Question: What is the American term Georgian restricted to?
Georgian_architecture

The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.

Question: What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on?
Answer: Greece and Rome

Question: What type of architecture did Georgian replace?
Answer: English vernacular architecture

Question: Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture?
Answer: the exterior

Question: What does Georgian architecture have a distaste for?

Question: Where is ornament typically found one Georgian architecture?

Question: And what type of architecture is ornament normally not restrained?

Question: What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to?
Georgian_architecture

In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol.

Question: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?
Answer: property developers

Question: Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today?
Answer: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol

Question: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?
Answer: a square of garden

Question: What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture?
Answer: all over the English-speaking world

Question: What quality were the buildings constructed during that time?
Answer: generally high

Question: Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period?

Question: During what period did rows of unique terraced houses become the norm?

Question: Where were the wealthy and poor persuaded to live?

Question: In what part of the world was there moderate amount of building

Question: Why did so few Georgian buildings survived for two centuries or more?
Georgian_architecture

The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland.

Question: What high sounding title was adopted by anyone who could get away with it?
Answer: architect

Question: How did most Georgian design styles disseminate?
Answer: pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings

Question: How did styles disseminate before Georgian architecture?
Answer: the apprenticeship system

Question: Which American author received editions of Georgian architecture?
Answer: William Halfpenny

Question: What years were William Halfpenny active?
Answer: 1723–1755

Question: What high sounding title was reserved for professionals before the mid-century??

Question: After what time did anybody you could get away with using the title architect do so?

Question: What did landowners still design?

Question: What style of architecture disseminated through the new professional architecture?

Question: From what century on the architect's and craftsmen stop learning the Georgian style?
Georgian_architecture

Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows.

Question: What style did Georgian succeed?
Answer: English Baroque

Question: Which architect was a transitional figure?
Answer: James Gibbs

Question: Which book did Colen Campbell write?
Answer: Vitruvius Britannicus

Question: What became very popular with wealthy patrons during this period?
Answer: The European Grand Tour

Question: What Venetian spent most of his career in England?
Answer: Giacomo Leoni

Question: What style succeeded Georgian?

Question: What was the name of the Venetian who is prominent in the early Georgian period?

Question: What common tour was not popular among wealthy patrons?

Question: What book did Richard Boyle right?

Question: What country continues to have a dominant influence?
Georgian_architecture

The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke.

Question: What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture?
Answer: Gothic and Chinoiserie

Question: Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style?
Answer: European Rococo

Question: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style?
Answer: The Regency style

Question: Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style?
Answer: William Wilkins and Robert Smirke

Question: Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory?
Answer: around 1750

Question: What style was the English-speaking world's equivalent of the Georgian style?

Question: Palladian architecture is a whimsical alternative to what other two styles?

Question: What modes were fashionable before the mid-1760s?

Question: What style of the early Georgian era was John Nash known for?

Question: What style architecture lost popularity after 1800?
Georgian_architecture

Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.

Question: Georgian architecture is characterized by?
Answer: its proportion and balance

Question: What was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning?
Answer: Regularity of housefronts

Question: What decorative vocabulary did Georgian designs draw from?
Answer: ancient Rome or Greece

Question: What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?
Answer: lack of symmetry

Question: What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance?

Question: What was an undesirable feature of Georgian town planning?

Question: Why were Georgian additions where earlier structures remained visible so approved of?

Question: What type of designs laid in the classical orders after the Gothic revival?

Question: What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture?
Georgian_architecture

Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court.

Question: What revived style dominated English country house architecture?
Answer: Palladian

Question: What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?
Answer: made wide and relatively shallow

Question: Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture?
Answer: the centre

Question: Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found?
Answer: basement area

Question: What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?
Answer: mezzanine floor

Question: What revised style dominated urban English architecture?

Question: What was done to make houses look more impressive from close-up?

Question: Where was the height generally lowest in Palladian architecture?

Question: What led to steps going down to a mezzanine floor in grand houses?

Question: What area had high windows just below ground level?
Georgian_architecture

Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses.

Question: What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?
Answer: window tax

Question: When was the sash window developed?
Answer: the 1670s

Question: What plans became universal inside larger houses?
Answer: Corridor plans

Question: What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?
Answer: the internal plan and function of the rooms

Question: What aspect of windows generally varied between floors?
Answer: Their height

Question: What tax was maximized by building large and regularly spaced windows

Question: What increasingly began above waist height in the main rooms?

Question: Before this. What could generally be deduced from the outside

Question: What plans were not universal inside large houses?

Question: What type of window was required before 1670?
Georgian_architecture

Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees. The views to and from the front and rear of the main block were concentrated on, with the side approaches usually much less important. The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings. The roofline was generally clear of ornament except for a balustrade or the top of a pediment. Columns or pilasters, often topped by a pediment, were popular for ornament inside and out, and other ornament was generally geometrical or plant-based, rather than using the human figure.

Question: What was often used to hide functional parts of buildings?
Answer: trees

Question: What was occasionally visible in grander buildings?
Answer: domes

Question: What often topped pilasters of columns?
Answer: pediment

Question: What designs did ornament use to avoid using the human figure?
Answer: geometrical or plant-based

Question: What aspect of buildings became very rare?
Answer: Internal courtyards

Question: What was often used too accentuate functional parts of buildings?

Question: What type of courtyard became more popular at this time

Question: What was typically visible from the ground?

Question: What type of ornament was popular outside but not inside?

Question: What was the human figure often used for?