Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Bermuda

Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

Question: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?
Answer: Bermudian blacks

Question: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa?
Answer: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate

Question: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda?
Answer: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion

Question: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population?
Answer: the source of the African ancestry

Question: What modern population contains one demographic group?

Question: What tripled in 2000?

Question: What ended in 1843?

Question: What is the ancestry of the British West Indian black population?

Question: What happened in 1843?
Bermuda

In the British West Indian islands (and also in the United States), the majority of enslaved blacks brought across the Atlantic came from West Africa (roughly between modern Senegal and Ghana). Very little of Bermuda's original black emigration came from this area. The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish-speaking areas of the West Indies, and most of the remainder were recently enslaved Africans captured from the Spanish and Portuguese. As Spain and Portugal sourced most of their slaves from South-West Africa (the Portuguese through ports in modern-day Angola; the Spanish purchased most of their African slaves from Portuguese traders, and from Arabs whose slave trading was centred in Zanzibar). Genetic studies have consequently shown that the African ancestry of black Bermudians (other than those resulting from recent immigration from the British West Indian islands) is largely from the a band across southern Africa, from Angola to Mozambique, which is similar to what is revealed in Latin America, but distinctly different from the blacks of the West Indies and the United States.

Question: Why is the black population in Bermuda different from that in the British West Indies and the United States?
Answer: The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks from Spanish-speaking areas of the West Indies

Question: Where did the Spanish and Portugese enslave most of their black people from?
Answer: South-West Africa

Question: What is one way we can show that black Bermudians are of different heritage than African Americans?
Answer: Genetic studies

Question: Who came from Ghana?

Question: What language did the first blacks to arrive in Bermuda speak?

Question: Where did South-West Africa source most of their slaves?

Question: Who has ancestry very similar to that of the blacks of the United States?

Question: Who has ancestry that is distinctly different from the blacks of Latin America?
Bermuda

Most of Bermuda's black population trace some of their ancestry to Native Americans, although awareness of this is largely limited to St David's Islanders and most who have such ancestry are unaware of it. During the colonial period, hundreds of Native Americans were shipped to Bermuda. The best-known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot and King Philip's wars.

Question: What is one group that Bermuda's black population can link some of their ancestry to?
Answer: Native Americans

Question: Residents of what particular area have awareness of this link to Native American heritage?
Answer: St David's Islanders

Question: During what period were there hundreds of Native Americans shipped to Bermuda?
Answer: colonial period

Question: Why was there a large population of Algonquian people in Bermuda?
Answer: exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery

Question: Who do Native Americans trace most of their ancestry to?

Question: During what period were hundreds of St David's Islanders shipped to Bermuda?

Question: Who was exiled from the New England colonies?

Question: Who was sold into slavery during the King Philip war?
Bermuda

Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean ones.

Question: What is considered the primary language of Bermuda?
Answer: English

Question: What is a lesser spoken, secondary language in Bermuda?
Answer: Portuguese

Question: What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture?
Answer: British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean

Question: Which cultures claim to be a dominant source of Bermuda's cultural heritage?
Answer: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots

Question: Whose culture has a mix of its Spanish-American and Irish populations?

Question: What cultures were evident in the 16th century?

Question: What lasted for 170 years?

Question: What do some speak because of 170 years of immigration?
Bermuda

The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century, numerous books were written and published locally, though few were directed at a wider market than Bermuda. (The latter consisted primarily of scholarly works rather than creative writing). The novelist Brian Burland (1931– 2010) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, Angela Barry has won critical recognition for her published fiction.

Question: What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim?
Answer: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian

Question: What contribution to history is it believed the History of Mary Prince made?
Answer: thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire

Question: The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature?
Answer: scholarly

Question: Which local author most recently enjoyed success for published works of fiction?
Answer: Angela Barry

Question: What was the first book credited to a Bermudian?

Question: Who wrote The History of Prince Mary?

Question: What is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in Bermuda?

Question: When did Graham Ernest Ingham publish books?

Question: During what years did Angela Barry live?
Bermuda

Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.

Question: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for?
Answer: watercolours

Question: What type of art work does Chesley Trott produce?
Answer: Hand-carved cedar sculptures

Question: What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray?
Answer: the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835

Question: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?
Answer: Alfred Birdsey

Question: Where are hand-carved cedar sculptures sold?

Question: Who created the 7 m sculpture installed at the airport?

Question: What sculpture was unveiled in 2001?

Question: What 1853 does The Arrival commemorate?

Question: What is Birdsey Alfred's profession?
Bermuda

Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

Question: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?
Answer: Juan de Bermúdez

Question: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?
Answer: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water

Question: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to?
Answer: spirits and devils,

Question: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name?
Answer: Isle of Devils

Question: What was discovered in 1305?

Question: Who discovered Bermuda in 1305?

Question: What was published in 1511 by Angleria de Pedro Martir?

Question: When was Legatio Babylonica published by Pedro Angleria de Martir?
Bermuda

It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. The flotilla was broken up by a storm. As the flagship, the Sea Venture, was taking on water, Somers drove it onto Bermuda's reef and gained the shores safely with smaller boats – all 150 passengers and a dog survived. (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the "still-vex'd Bermoothes" (I.ii.229), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck.) They stayed 10 months, starting a new settlement and building two small ships to sail to Jamestown. The island was claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was later extended to include it.

Question: Sir George Somers embarked on a mission to do what?
Answer: relieve the colony of Jamestown

Question: The devastating wreck of the flotilla is said to have inspired what playwrite?
Answer: William Shakespeare

Question: How long did Sommer's settlers stay in Bermuda?
Answer: 10 months

Question: Who did Sommer's claim the island for?
Answer: the English Crown

Question: What was established in 1706?

Question: Where was a colony established in 1706?

Question: Who was Sir Thomas Somers?

Question: Who was Sir George Gates?

Question: What did 229 passengers and a dog survive?
Bermuda

In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coastal Virginia. In 1612, the English began intentional settlement of Bermuda with the arrival of the ship Plough. St. George's was settled that year and designated as Bermuda's first capital. It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.

Question: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown.
Answer: John Rolfe

Question: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?
Answer: married Pocahontas

Question: When did the English begin their intentional settlement of Bermuda?
Answer: 1612,

Question: What is St. George credited with?
Answer: oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.

Question: What happened in 1601?

Question: Who sailed to Jamestown in 1601?

Question: Who did Rolfe John marry?

Question: What happened in 1621?

Question: Who began intentional settlement of Bermuda in 1621?
Bermuda

Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population through the years) gradually emigrated, primarily to the Southern United States. As Great Britain displaced Spain as the dominant European imperial power, it opened up more land for colonial development. A steady trickle of outward migration continued. With seafaring the only real industry in the early decades, by the end of the 18th century, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time.

Question: What is a major reason that Bermuda has problems with overpopulation?
Answer: limited land area,

Question: What does Bermuda rely on to counteract overpopulation?
Answer: steady human emigration

Question: Where did a large number of Bermudians emigrate to before the American Revolution?
Answer: the Southern United States

Question: Why does a third of the population spend time at sea?
Answer: seafaring the only real industry

Question: How many Bermudians emigrated during the American Revolution?

Question: What area of Great Britain did more than ten thousand Bermudians emigrate to?

Question: Who did Spain displace as the dominant European imperial power?

Question: What was the main industry in the 18th century?
Bermuda

In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved.

Question: Why did the Somers Isles Company decide to surpress shipbuilding?
Answer: needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land

Question: Why wasn't agriculture successful?
Answer: colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced

Question: What did Bermudians do when agriculture failed?
Answer: turn to maritime trades

Question: Why was the Somers Isles Company's charter revoked?
Answer: islanders demanding

Question: What did the Somers Isles Company press in the 17th century?

Question: What colony did Bermuda surpass in quantity of tobacco produced?

Question: What colony did Bermuda surpass in quality of tobacco produced?

Question: What company was dissolved in 1648?
Bermuda

The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.

Question: What event caused major changes in Bermuda?
Answer: end of the war

Question: Why did defence infrastructure become the major source of Bermuda's economy?
Answer: buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda,

Question: How does the British crown view Bermuda?
Answer: a base more than a colony

Question: What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?
Answer: the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished

Question: What colony caused profound change to the end of the war?

Question: What infrastructure was built up in the 19th century?

Question: What did Bermuda consider London to be more than a colony?
Bermuda

The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

Question: Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war?
Answer: American colonies

Question: What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping?
Answer: deforestation

Question: Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships?
Answer: it did not have raw materials

Question: Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish?
Answer: Americans developed their own sources

Question: What was the primary market for Bermuda following the War of 1812?

Question: Who did control of the Bahamas pass to in 1819?

Question: What happened in 1918?

Question: When did America's market for salt disappear?
Bermuda

The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.

Question: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous?
Answer: most famous escapee

Question: After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do?
Answer: stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland

Question: After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do?
Answer: became a spy for Germany in both World Wars

Question: What was Captain Joubert Fritz Duquesne serving a sentence for?

Question: What sentence was Captain Joubert Fritz Duquesne serving?

Question: Who escaped on 25 June 1942?

Question: What happened in 1924?
Bermuda

In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda's economy (see Economy of Bermuda).

Question: What did Imperial Airways and Pan American begin scheduling in 1937?
Answer: flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda

Question: What helped tourism grow to new heights in the 1960-1970's?
Answer: regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes

Question: What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's?
Answer: international business

Question: Who began operating scheduled services in 1973?

Question: What did Imperial World Airways and Pan American Airways begin doing in 1937?

Question: What is now known as F.L. Wade International Airport?

Question: What reached a peak in 1960?
Bermuda

Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is George Fergusson; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012. There is also a Deputy Governor (currently David Arkley JP). Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance; its Parliament is the fifth oldest in the world, behind the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Tynwald of the Isle of Man, the Althing of Iceland, and Sejm of Poland. Of these, only Bermuda's and the Isle of Man's Tynwald have been in continuous existence since 1620.

Question: The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom?
Answer: the monarch

Question: Who appoints the Governor of Bermuda?
Answer: the Queen on the advice of the British Government.

Question: Who is currently the governor of Bermuda?
Answer: George Fergusson

Question: Who is responsible for defence and foreign affairs?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: What is Bermuda officially classified as?
Answer: British Overseas Territory

Question: Who exercises executive authority on behalf of the Governor?

Question: Who is the Queen appointed by?

Question: What title does George Arkely currently hold?

Question: What title does David Fergusson currently hold?

Question: What happened in 1602?
Bermuda

The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003. The head of government is the premier. A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system. The Senate is the upper house, consisting of 11 members appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier and the leader of the opposition. The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies.

Question: When was the Constitution of Bermuda enforced?
Answer: 1 June 1967

Question: Has Bermuda's constitution ever been amended?
Answer: it was amended in 1989 and 2003

Question: What is the head of Bermuda's government referred to as?
Answer: the premier

Question: What is the legislative branch of Bermuda modeled after?
Answer: Westminster system.

Question: What does the population get to vote for?
Answer: The House of Assembly, or lower house

Question: What came into force on 7 June 1961?

Question: What was amended in 1983 and 2009?

Question: What is nominated by the governor and appointed by the premier?

Question: What is the upper house called, consisting of 36 members?

Question: What is the lower house called, consisting of 11 members?
Bermuda

There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in August 2012. The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner (providing over 71% of total imports, 85% of tourist visitors, and an estimated $163 billion of US capital in the Bermuda insurance/re-insurance industry), and an estimated 5% of Bermuda residents are US citizens, representing 14% of all foreign-born persons. The American diplomatic presence is an important element in the Bermuda political landscape.

Question: Who has the largest accredited diplomats in Bermuda?
Answer: The United States

Question: Who is the current US Consul General?
Answer: Robert Settje

Question: Why is the US so important to Bermuda?
Answer: The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner

Question: What percentage of Bermuda's residents are US citizens?
Answer: 5%

Question: What does Bermuda maintain in the United States?

Question: What is the Bermuda diplomatic mission comprised of?

Question: Who is Robert Wade?

Question: When did Robert Wade take office?

Question: What percentage do the 14% US citizen residents of Bermuda represent as foreign born persons?
Bermuda

On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

Question: Where were the Uyghurs transferred from?
Answer: United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp

Question: What were the Uyghurs claiming to be?
Answer: refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan

Question: What were the Ugyhurs accused of?
Answer: training to assist the Taliban's military.

Question: Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?
Answer: the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

Question: What happened on 9 June 2011?

Question: How many Uyghurs were transferred to Bermuda on 9 June 2011?

Question: What year were the Uyghurs captured fleeing America?

Question: Who was cleared safe for release from Guantanamo in 2005?
Bermuda

Homosexuality was decriminalised in Bermuda with the passage of the Stubbs Bill in May 1994. Legislation was introduced by Private Members Bill by PLP MP Wayne Furbert to amend the Human Rights Act of Bermuda to disallow Same Sex Marriage under the Act in February 2016. The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions. Both measures were in response to a decision by His Hon Mr. Justice Ian Kawaley, Chief Justice of Bermuda's earlier ruling that same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.

Question: When was homosexuality legalized in Bermuda?
Answer: May 1994.

Question: What occurred in February of 2016?
Answer: The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions

Question: What did the Chief Justice decide?
Answer: same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.

Question: What happened due to the Stubbs Bill in February 1994?

Question: What did Wayne Kawaley wish to do in 2016?

Question: What did the OAB government do in 2016?

Question: What did Hon Mr. Justice Ian Furbert's earlier ruling state?
Bermuda

This is a socio-economic bloc of nations in or near the Caribbean Sea. Other outlying member states include the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname in South America, along with Belize in Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands, an associate member of CARICOM, and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a full member of CARICOM, are in the Atlantic, but near to the Caribbean. Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members (although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM). Bermuda, at roughly a thousand miles from the Caribbean Sea, has little trade with, and little economically in common with, the region, and joined primarily to strengthen cultural links.

Question: Who has "observer status" to CARICOM?
Answer: US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

Question: What did the Virgin Islands announce in 2007?
Answer: they would seek ties with CARICOM

Question: Why did Bermuda join CARICOM?
Answer: primarily to strengthen cultural links.

Question: What other member states belong to the Caribbean?

Question: What did Bermuda join to strengthen their economy?

Question: What status do the United States Virgin Islands have with CARICOM?

Question: What commonwealth announced it would seek ties with CARICOM in 2007?
Bermuda

Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Question: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?
Answer: an extension of Virginia

Question: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?
Answer: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands

Question: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?
Answer: they lacked British citizenship

Question: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?
Answer: 1950s

Question: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?
Answer: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Question: Who were the English colonised by?

Question: What has Virginia long had close ties with?

Question: What did Virginia have a history of?

Question: During what century was there considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies?

Question: During what year did Bermuda relax its immigration laws?
Bermuda

The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans (who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis.

Question: What cultural group has dominated the PLP?
Answer: West Indians and their descendants.

Question: Who are two prominent members of the PLP?
Answer: Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans

Question: What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on?
Answer: Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies

Question: Why are some Bermudians against the emphasis of West Indies cultural connections?
Answer: Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies

Question: Who had dominated CARICOM?

Question: Who was Dame Lois Evans-Browne?

Question: Whose husband was Evan Johns?
Bermuda

Once known as "the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda", Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government. For the first two centuries of settlement, the most potent armed force operating from Bermuda was its merchant shipping fleet, which turned to privateering at every opportunity. The Bermuda government maintained a local militia. After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison.

Question: Due to the British goverment's defense forces, what are two nicknames for bermuda?
Answer: the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda"

Question: What did Bermuda's merchant shipping fleet do whenever it had the chance?
Answer: turned to privateering

Question: What was Bermuda established as after the American Revolutionary War?
Answer: Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy.

Question: When were the militias in Bermuda disbanded?
Answer: following the War of 1812

Question: How did the colony form a military garrison in the 19th century?
Answer: raised volunteer units to form a reserve

Question: What was known as the Fortress of the West and Gibraltar Bermuda?

Question: Who is the British government defended by?

Question: What did he British government maintain?

Question: What year were the militias disbanded?
Bermuda

In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).

Question: What did the US ask of Britain in May 1940?
Answer: base rights in Bermuda

Question: What did the Destroyers for Bases Agreement do?
Answer: granted the US base rights in Bermuda

Question: What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda?
Answer: the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK

Question: Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?
Answer: Winston Churchill

Question: When did the US request base rights from Bermuda?

Question: Who was Darrell Churchill?

Question: What happened in September 1904?

Question: What relocated in 1934?

Question: Where did RAF Transport Command relocate from in 1934?
Bermuda

Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

Question: What did the US begin building in 1941?
Answer: two airbases

Question: Who primarily used the bases in Bermuda?
Answer: US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft

Question: What was the navy patrolling for?
Answer: enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet

Question: What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?
Answer: Kindley Air Force Base

Question: What is the Naval Air Station used for?
Answer: host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

Question: What began in 1914?

Question: What consisted of 5.8 sq mi of land?

Question: Where was Air Force Base Kindley located?

Question: What was transferred to the US Navy in 1907?
Bermuda

The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda (NAVFAC Bermuda), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War.

Question: What was the NAS primarily a base for?
Answer: seaplane

Question: What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?
Answer: anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels

Question: What is located west of the NAS Annex?
Answer: additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda

Question: What happened at the end of the Cold War?
Answer: US forces withdrew

Question: What was built in 1960?

Question: What became the NAS Bermuda?

Question: What did US forces do in 1999?

Question: What was leased for 95 years?
Bermuda

Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

Question: When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?
Answer: World War I and World War II

Question: Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?
Answer: Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert

Question: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?
Answer: Brigadier Harvey

Question: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?
Answer: Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building

Question: Who was Major-General Charles Glyn Gilbert Anglim?

Question: What was Major-General Charles Glyn Gilbert Anglim instrumental in?

Question: Who did Admiral Lord Gambier and Marines Brigadier Royal Harvey precede?

Question: Who became the youngest-ever Marine Royal Brigadier?
Bermuda

In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

Question: What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?
Answer: Bermudian dollar

Question: The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?
Answer: US dollar

Question: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth II.

Question: Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?
Answer: Bermuda Monetary Authority

Question: Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?
Answer: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum

Question: What did the country switch in 1907?

Question: What currency did Bermuda switch to in 1907?

Question: Who do the US notes carry the image of?

Question: What does the Naval Dockyard Royal Museum hold a permanent collection of?
Bermuda

Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Question: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?
Answer: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income

Question: What does it do in place of an income tax system?
Answer: taxes all imports

Question: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?
Answer: funds government and infrastructure expenditures

Question: What three things does the tax system depend on?
Answer: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes

Question: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?
Answer: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal

Question: What country uses an income tax in lieu of an import tax?

Question: What is Bermuda's income tax used to fund?

Question: What is derived from the English courts?

Question: What can foreign private individuals easily do?
Bermuda

There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.

Question: What does the Exchange specialize in?
Answer: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds

Question: What is the BSX a member of?
Answer: the World Federation of Exchanges

Question: Where is the BSX located?
Answer: an OECD member nation

Question: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?
Answer: Australia

Question: Where are there 300 securities listed?

Question: What is the BXS a full member of?

Question: Where is the BXS located?

Question: What does FFI stand for?
Bermuda

Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.

Question: Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?
Answer: British Public schools and universities in the 19th century

Question: Why were sports important in these schools?
Answer: sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team

Question: Who founded organizations like the FA?
Answer: Former public schoolboys

Question: What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?
Answer: association of football with the working classes

Question: What does AF stand for?

Question: What began in 1858?

Question: What did the British Empire formalise in the 19th century?
Bermuda

The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football, and even tennis and rowing (rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic. The officers soon switched to sail racing, founding the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club). Once these sports reached Bermuda, they were eagerly adopted by Bermudians.

Question: What happened to the Public schoolboys in these sports?
Answer: professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys

Question: How were sports introduced in Bermuda?
Answer: Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere,

Question: Which sport did not transfer well to Bermuda?
Answer: rowing

Question: Which sport was quickly adopted?
Answer: sail racing

Question: What sports did schoolboys introduce to Bermuda?

Question: Who founded the Bermuda Royal Yacht Club?

Question: What sport adapted well from British Rivers to the Atlantic?

Question: What sport took place at the Bermuda Royal Yacht Club?

Question: Who did schoolboys displace?