Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Hunting

Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed] In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.

Question: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?
Answer: the United States

Question: What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?
Answer: equipment or speciality tourism

Question: "There's an app for that!",  what have been different technologies been created to do?
Answer: assist hunters

Question: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?
Answer: economic, social, and cultural

Question: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?
Answer: over $20.5 billion

Question: What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
Answer: significant financial impact

Question: What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?
Answer: different technologies

Question: One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?
Answer: iPhone applications

Question: How much did hunters spend in 2001?
Answer: over $20.5 billion

Question: What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?
Answer: preservation of wildlife habitat

Question: In what country was the IPhone first developed?

Question: How much did consumers spend on the IPhone in 2001?

Question: What is one cause that was most supported by IPhone users in 2001?

Question: How many people owned IPhones in 2001?

Question: How many types of technology went into the creation of the IPhone?
Hunting

However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Arabian oryx, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to endangerment or extinction.

Question: What has excessive hunting contributed heavily to?
Answer: the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals

Question: What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common?
Answer: extinction

Question: Why have poachers killed endangered animals?
Answer: primarily for commercial sale or sport.

Question: How have the North American cougar and Asian elephant been hunted?
Answer: to endangerment or extinction

Question: How is excessive hunting related to the extinction of species?
Answer: contributed heavily

Question: What contributes to endangerment?
Answer: excessive hunting

Question: What have poachers contributed to hunting?
Answer: endangerment

Question: What is the main predator of the quagga?

Question: What animal was hunted mainly by Javan tigers?

Question: What animal could usually be found with the markhor?

Question: The thylacine usually tried to avoid which animal?

Question: Which animal was similar to the North American cougar?
Hunting

On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]

Question: Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
Answer: 16 March 1934

Question: What does the Act require all hunters over the age of sixteen to do?
Answer: an annual stamp purchase

Question: What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to?
Answer: the purchase or lease of wetland habitat

Question: How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?
Answer: one third

Question: What act was signed in 1934?
Answer: Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act

Question: What President signed this act?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question: What is the requirement of the act?
Answer: annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen

Question: What do the stamps depict?
Answer: wildlife artwork

Question: What percentage of the endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp Funds.
Answer: one third

Question: In what year was the US Postal Service created?

Question: What President founded the US Postal Service?

Question: On what date was the National Wildlife Refuge System created?

Question: How many of the waterfowl in the US were endangered in 1934?

Question: What is the minimum age needed to take part in the US Postal Service stamp art contest?
Hunting

Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

Question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?
Answer: $670 million

Question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?
Answer: 5,200,000 acres

Question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?
Answer: hunt migratory birds

Question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?
Answer: hunters

Question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?
Answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

Question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?
Answer: $670 million

Question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?
Answer: 5,200,000 acres

Question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?
Answer: license to hunt migratory birds

Question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?
Answer: eighty-seven

Question: Who manages distribution of funds?
Answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)

Question: In what year was the MBCC created?

Question: What is needed to enter MBCC areas?

Question: What does the MBCC buy a significant number of?

Question: What percentage of hunters belong to the MBCC?

Question: What is required to work at the MBCC?
Hunting

The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972. The scimitar-horned oryx followed suit, while the addax became critically endangered. However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding

Question: What large species of antelope once made its home in the desert areas of the Middle East?
Answer: The Arabian oryx

Question: Why did sport hunters find the Arabian oryx to be a worthwhile quarry to hunt?
Answer: the species' striking appearance

Question: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct in the wild due to sport hunting?
Answer: 1972

Question: How did hunters obliterate the advantage bestowed upon the oryx by evolution?
Answer: use of automobiles and high-powered rifles

Question: What animal has made a miraculous comeback and been upgraded from "extinct in the wild" to "vulnerable"?
Answer: Arabian oryx

Question: What is a species of large antelope?
Answer: Arabian oryx

Question: What did the large antelope species once inhabit?
Answer: much of the desert areas of the Middle East

Question: What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.
Answer: automobiles and high-powered rifles

Question: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?
Answer: 1972

Question: What contributed to the Arabian oryx rise from extinct to vulnerable?
Answer: conservation efforts

Question: In what year was oil first drilled for in the Middle East?

Question: Why has the scimitar-horned oryx make a comeback?

Question: What status has the scimitar-horned oryx been upgraded to?

Question: What status was the addax upgraded from in 1972?

Question: What feature in land areas of the Middle East first attracted foreign oil executives?
Hunting

The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.

Question: What type of creature is the American bison?
Answer: a large bovid

Question: What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?
Answer: western North America

Question: What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?
Answer: rot

Question: What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?
Answer: several million

Question: What is the current status of bison?
Answer: near-threatened

Question: What did large herds of bison attract?
Answer: market hunters

Question: What part of North America did the bison live?
Answer: western

Question: Why were the bison killed?
Answer: for their hides

Question: What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?
Answer: leaving the rest to rot

Question: What do bison still remain?
Answer: near-threatened

Question: What area did market hunters come from in the 1880's?

Question: How much did a bison hide cost in the 1800's?

Question: What was the population of the US in 1880?

Question: What areas of the US were settled first in 1880?

Question: What were buildings prone to when built in a prarie area?
Hunting

In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."

Question: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?
Answer: a precipitous wildlife decline

Question: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?
Answer: antelope

Question: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?
Answer: hippopotamus

Question: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?
Answer: poaching, drought and habitat loss

Question: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?
Answer: Uganda

Question: What Botswana was resently forced to do?
Answer: ban trophy hunting

Question: What animal declined across Botswana?
Answer: antelope

Question: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?
Answer: hippopotamus

Question: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?
Answer: elephant

Question: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda? 
Answer: poaching

Question: What happened to antelope in Uganda?

Question: What happened in Uganda after antelope numbers fell?

Question: How was the elephant population in Uganda?

Question: What animal population increased in Uganda?

Question: What did Botswana argue sport hunting wouldn't be able to stop?
Myocardial_infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.

Question: What is the scientific name for blood flow?

Question: What percentage of women have had a heart attack?

Question: What percentage of people have chest pain when experiencing an MI?

Question: What is heartburn a commonly known as?

Question: How long does heartburn last?
Myocardial_infarction

Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.

Question: What is used to confirm a artery spasm?

Question: What test includes cocaine?

Question: What type of rupture helps prevent MI?

Question: What causes extreme cold?

Question: What does a coronary angiography look for?
Myocardial_infarction

Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.

Question: What drugstore item is a poor treatment for MI?

Question: Supplemental oxygen does not improve what?

Question: What medicine is used to remove blockages?

Question: What surgery is designed to slow blood flow?

Question: What blood thinner is used in ST elevation treatments?
Myocardial_infarction

The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous. Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen, where it may mimic heartburn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value.

Question: What type of heart problem has a typically instantaneous onset?

Question: How is pain in the left arm often described?

Question: What is a good way to predict a heart attack?

Question: What is the term for pain in the left arm?

Question: What does a lack of oxygen supply cause?
Myocardial_infarction

Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs.

Question: What is excessive weakness called?

Question: Diaphoresis causes a massive surge of what hormones?

Question: Which nervous system is responsible for shortness of breath?

Question: What is left ventricular failure called?

Question: What kind of shock can cause sudden death?
Myocardial_infarction

Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue. Fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea have been reported as frequently occurring symptoms that may manifest as long as one month before the actual clinically manifested ischemic event. In women, chest pain may be less predictive of coronary ischemia than in men. Women may also experience back or jaw pain during an episode.

Question: How many symptoms do people with diabetes typically report?

Question: What are the most common symptoms for men?

Question: How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest?

Question: What is more predictive of coronary ischemia for women?
Myocardial_infarction

At least one quarter of all MIs are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms, using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy without a prior history of related complaints. Estimates of the prevalence of silent MIs vary between 22 and 64%. A silent course is more common in the elderly, in people with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation, probably because the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold, autonomic neuropathy, and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms.

Question: What percentage of silent cases are later discovered on electrocardiograms?

Question: People with what disease are least likely to experience a silent MI?

Question: Why is a donor heart more sensitive to pain from MIs?

Question: What have been ruled out as possible explanations for silent MIs in diabetics?

Question: What fraction of MIs are discovered with blood enzyme tests?
Myocardial_infarction

Tobacco smoking (including secondhand smoke) and short-term exposure to air pollution such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (but not ozone) have been associated with MI. Other factors that increase the risk of MI and are associated with worse outcomes after an MI include lack of physical activity and psychosocial factors including low socioeconomic status, social isolation, and negative emotions. Shift work is also associated with a higher risk of MI. Acute and prolonged intake of high quantities of alcoholic drinks (3-4 or more) increase the risk of a heart attack.

Question: What forms of air pollution does smoking tobacco cause?

Question: How many cigarettes per day increase the risk of a heart attack?

Question: Increased physical activity is bad for what?

Question: Short term exposure to 3-4 servings of what is dangerous?
Myocardial_infarction

The evidence for saturated fat is unclear. Some state there is evidence of benefit from reducing saturated fat, specifically a benefit from eating polyunsaturated fat instead of saturated fat. While others state there is little evidence that reducing dietary saturated fat or increasing polyunsaturated fat intake affects heart attack risk. Dietary cholesterol does not appear to have a significant effect on blood cholesterol and thus recommendations about its consumption may not be needed. Trans fats do appear to increase risk.

Question: Evidence for what product has proven to be unequivocally dangerous?

Question: Study show you should replace polyunsaturated fat with what?

Question: Blood cholesterol has a significant impact on what?

Question: What type of cholesterol requires careful limitations?

Question: Trans what decreases risk?
Myocardial_infarction

Genome-wide association studies have found 27 genetic variants that are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Strongest association of MI has been found with the 9p21 genomic locus, which contains genes CDKN2A & 2B, although the single nucleotide polymorphisms that are implicated are within a non-coding region. The majority of these variants are in regions that have not been previously implicated in coronary artery disease. The following genes have an association with MI: PCSK9, SORT1, MIA3, WDR12, MRAS, PHACTR1, LPA, TCF21, MTHFDSL, ZC3HC1, CDKN2A, 2B, ABO, PDGF0, APOA5, MNF1ASM283, COL4A1, HHIPC1, SMAD3, ADAMTS7, RAS1, SMG6, SNF8, LDLR, SLC5A3, MRPS6, KCNE2.

Question: How many genetic variants are shown to decrease risk of an MI?

Question: PCSK9 is found in what locus?

Question: How many genetic variants are in the 9p21 genomic locus?

Question: What was implicated in the coding region of 9p21?

Question: SORT1 is associated with decreasing risk of what?
Myocardial_infarction

Acute myocardial infarction refers to two subtypes of acute coronary syndrome, namely non-ST-elevated and ST-elevated MIs, which are most frequently (but not always) a manifestation of coronary artery disease. The most common triggering event is the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque in an epicardial coronary artery, which leads to a clotting cascade, sometimes resulting in total occlusion of the artery. Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of cholesterol and fibrous tissue in plaques in the wall of arteries (in this case, the coronary arteries), typically over decades. Bloodstream column irregularities visible on angiography reflect artery lumen narrowing as a result of decades of advancing atherosclerosis. Plaques can become unstable, rupture, and additionally promote the formation of a blood clot that occludes the artery; this can occur in minutes. When a severe enough plaque rupture occurs in the coronary arteries, it leads to MI (necrosis of downstream myocardium). It is estimated that one billion cardiac cells are lost in a typical MI.

Question: How many subtypes does ST-elevated MI have?

Question: What are always a manifestation of artery disease?

Question: How long does an MI take?

Question: How many plaques become unstable in a typical MI?

Question: How long does an angiography take?
Myocardial_infarction

If impaired blood flow to the heart lasts long enough, it triggers a process called the ischemic cascade; the heart cells in the territory of the occluded coronary artery die (chiefly through necrosis) and do not grow back. A collagen scar forms in their place. Recent studies indicate that another form of cell death, apoptosis, also plays a role in the process of tissue damage following an MI. As a result, the person's heart will be permanently damaged. This myocardial scarring also puts the person at risk for potentially life-threatening abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), and may result in the formation of a ventricular aneurysm that can rupture with catastrophic consequences.

Question: What does necrosis trigger?

Question: What is a collagen scar called?

Question: What is another name for a ventricular aneurysm?

Question: apoptosis is the death of what artery?

Question: What is impaired blood flow called?
Myocardial_infarction

Injured heart tissue conducts electrical impulses more slowly than normal heart tissue. The difference in conduction velocity between injured and uninjured tissue can trigger re-entry or a feedback loop that is believed to be the cause of many lethal arrhythmias. The most serious of these arrhythmias is ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib/VF), an extremely fast and chaotic heart rhythm that is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Another life-threatening arrhythmia is ventricular tachycardia (V-tach/VT), which can cause sudden cardiac death. However, VT usually results in rapid heart rates that prevent the heart from pumping blood effectively. Cardiac output and blood pressure may fall to dangerous levels, which can lead to further coronary ischemia and extension of the infarct.

Question: Normal heart tissue is slower than what?

Question: What is the name of the arrhythmia that is slower than normal?

Question: V-tach is the leading cause of what?

Question: Electrical impulses trigger what?

Question: A rising blood pressure can cause additional what?
Myocardial_infarction

Myocardial infarction in the setting of plaque results from underlying atherosclerosis. Inflammation is known to be an important step in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive but nonspecific marker for inflammation. Elevated CRP blood levels, especially measured with high-sensitivity assays, can predict the risk of MI, as well as stroke and development of diabetes. Moreover, some drugs for MI might also reduce CRP levels. The use of high-sensitivity CRP assays as a means of screening the general population is advised against, but it may be used optionally at the physician's discretion in those who already present with other risk factors or known coronary artery disease. Whether CRP plays a direct role in atherosclerosis remains uncertain.

Question: The setting of plaque is called what?

Question: CRP is known to play a direct role in what?

Question: What specific marker indicates inflammation?

Question: Drugs for MI tend to raise what?

Question: What type of screening is generally recommended?
Myocardial_infarction

For a person to qualify as having a STEMI, in addition to reported angina, the ECG must show new ST elevation in two or more adjacent ECG leads. This must be greater than 2 mm (0.2 mV) for males and greater than 1.5 mm (0.15 mV) in females if in leads V2 and V3 or greater than 1 mm (0.1 mV) if it is in other ECG leads. A left bundle branch block that is believed to be new used to be considered the same as ST elevation; however, this is no longer the case. In early STEMIs there may just be peaked T waves with ST elevation developing later.

Question: How many anginas must a person report to have a STEMI?

Question: ST elevation can develop into what?

Question: The ECG must show less than how many mV for a male to be considered a STEMI?

Question: What has recently been added as a qualification for a STEMI?

Question: Which two named leads only have to be above 1 mm to be counted?
Myocardial_infarction

In stable patients whose symptoms have resolved by the time of evaluation, technetium (99mTc) sestamibi (i.e. a "MIBI scan") or thallium-201 chloride can be used in nuclear medicine to visualize areas of reduced blood flow in conjunction with physiological or pharmacological stress. Thallium may also be used to determine viability of tissue, distinguishing whether nonfunctional myocardium is actually dead or merely in a state of hibernation or of being stunned. Medical societies and professional guidelines recommend that the physician confirm a person is at high risk for myocardial infarction before conducting imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Patients who have a normal ECG and who are able to exercise, for example, do not merit routine imaging. Imaging tests such as stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography can confirm a diagnosis when a patient's history, physical exam, ECG, and cardiac biomarkers suggest the likelihood of a problem.

Question: What is used to examine blood flood in unstable patients?

Question: What is another name for thallium-201?

Question: What purpose does technetium serve in terms of identifying tissue?

Question: What must be determined after taking an imaging test?

Question: A patient does not need routine imaging when they have what kind of biomarker?
Myocardial_infarction

There is some controversy surrounding the effect of dietary fat on the development of cardiovascular disease. People are often advised to keep a diet where less than 30% of the energy intake derives from fat, a diet that contains less than 7% of the energy intake in the form of saturated fat, and a diet that contains less than 300 mg/day of cholesterol. Replacing saturated with mono- polyunsaturated fat is also recommended, as the consumption of polyunsaturated fat instead of saturated fat may decrease coronary heart disease. Olive oil, rapeseed oil and related products are to be used instead of saturated fat.

Question: How many mg of fat is suggested for a healthy person's diet?

Question: What percentage of mono-polyunsaturated fat should make up a person's daily energy requirements?

Question: What is a good replacement for olive oil?

Question: Nutritionists recommend an intake of more than 30% of what in one's diet?

Question: What controversy have dieticians largely settled?
Myocardial_infarction

Aspirin has been studied extensively in people considered at increased risk of myocardial infarction. Based on numerous studies in different groups (e.g. people with or without diabetes), there does not appear to be a benefit strong enough to outweigh the risk of excessive bleeding. Nevertheless, many clinical practice guidelines continue to recommend aspirin for primary prevention, and some researchers feel that those with very high cardiovascular risk but low risk of bleeding should continue to receive aspirin.

Question: What drug has been shown to have significant benefits for people at risk of an MI?

Question: Most studies tend to focus on people with what disease?

Question: People with diabetes have an increased likelihood of what side effect?

Question: Based on the lack of benefits, what has largely stopped recommending asprin?

Question: Aspirin is recommended for people with a high risk both cardiovascular disease and what?
Myocardial_infarction

The main treatment for MI with ECG evidence of ST elevation (STEMI) include thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice for STEMI if it can be performed in a timely manner. If PCI cannot be performed within 90 to 120 minutes then thrombolysis, preferably within 30 minutes of arrival to hospital, is recommended. If a person has had symptoms for 12 to 24 hours evidence for thrombolysis is less and if they have had symptoms for more than 24 hours it is not recommended.

Question: What is the shortened way of referring to thrombolysis?

Question: PCI and what treatment must be performed within 90 to 120 minutes?

Question: How long does the PCI procedure take?

Question: What treatment is recommended after 24 hours?

Question: When must ECG evidence be taken?
Myocardial_infarction

Thrombolysis involves the administration of medication that activates the enzymes that normally destroy blood clots. Thrombolysis agents include streptokinase, reteplase, alteplase, and tenecteplase. If no contraindications are present (such as a high risk of bleeding), thrombolysis can be given in the pre-hospital or in-hospital setting. When given to people suspected of having a STEMI within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, thrombolytic drugs save the life of 1 in 43 who received them. The risks were major bleeding (1 in 143) and brain bleeding (1 in 250). It is unclear whether pre-hospital thrombolysis reduces death in people with STEMI compared to in-hospital thrombolysis. Pre-hospital thrombolysis reduces time to thrombolytic treatment, based on studies conducted in higher income countries.

Question: What enzymes in the body typically destroy blood clots?

Question: What is an example of a contraindication that must be present for thrombolysis?

Question: Thrombolytic drugs are given to how many people?

Question: If thrombolytic drugs are given after 6 hours of onset, what are the odds of bleeding?

Question: How many hours must pass after onset of symptoms before administering thrombolysis?
Myocardial_infarction

People with an acute coronary syndrome where no ST elevation is demonstrated (non-ST elevation ACS or NSTEACS) are treated with aspirin. Clopidogrel is added in many cases, particularly if the risk of cardiovascular events is felt to be high and early PCI is being considered. Depending on whether early PCI is planned, a factor Xa inhibitor or a potentiator of antithrombin (fondaparinux or low molecular weight heparin respectively) may be added. In very high-risk scenarios, inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein αIIbβ3a receptor such as eptifibatide or tirofiban may be used.

Question: When is clopidogrel removed?

Question: What is NSTEACS an abbreviation for?

Question: Clopidogrel is a form of what inhibitor?

Question: What inhibitors are used in low-risk scenarios?

Question: Eptifibatide has what kind of molecular weight?
Myocardial_infarction

Cardiac rehabilitation benefits many who have experienced myocardial infarction, even if there has been substantial heart damage and resultant left ventricular failure; ideally other medical conditions that could interfere with participation should be managed optimally. It should start soon after discharge from hospital. The program may include lifestyle advice, exercise, social support, as well as recommendations about driving, flying, sport participation, stress management, and sexual intercourse.

Question: Cardiac rehabilitation is not an option under what circumstances?

Question: Cardiac rehabilitation often recommends ceasing what activities?

Question: What should start immediately upon registering at the hospital?

Question: When are other medical conditions address?
Myocardial_infarction

Some risk factors for death include age, hemodynamic parameters (such as heart failure, cardiac arrest on admission, systolic blood pressure, or Killip class of two or greater), ST-segment deviation, diabetes, serum creatinine, peripheral vascular disease, and elevation of cardiac markers. Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction may increase the predictive power. Prognosis is worse if a mechanical complication such as papillary muscle or myocardial free wall rupture occurs. Morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction has improved over the years due to better treatment.

Question: How many classes of ST-segmentation are there?

Question: Prognosis improves after what complication?

Question: What has decreased over the years?

Question: What are some examples of ST-segment deviation?

Question: What are risk factors called?
Myocardial_infarction

Complications may occur immediately following the heart attack (in the acute phase), or may need time to develop (a chronic problem). Acute complications may include heart failure if the damaged heart is no longer able to pump blood adequately around the body; aneurysm of the left ventricle myocardium; ventricular septal rupture or free wall rupture; mitral regurgitation, in particular if the infarction causes dysfunction of the papillary muscle; Dressler's syndrome; and abnormal heart rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and heart block. Longer-term complications include heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and an increased risk of a second MI.

Question: What is Dressler's syndrome?

Question: What does an aneurysm of the left ventricle lead to?

Question: What does mitral regurgitation cause?

Question: Atrial fibrillation can only be what kind of problem?
Myocardial_infarction

In contrast, IHD is becoming a more common cause of death in the developing world. For example, in India, IHD had become the leading cause of death by 2004, accounting for 1.46 million deaths (14% of total deaths) and deaths due to IHD were expected to double during 1985–2015. Globally, disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to ischemic heart disease are predicted to account for 5.5% of total DALYs in 2030, making it the second-most-important cause of disability (after unipolar depressive disorder), as well as the leading cause of death by this date.

Question: What percentage of deaths does unipolar depressive disorder cause?

Question: How many people died from IHD from 1985-2015?

Question: What is the worldwide leading cause of death?

Question: What percentage of deaths will IHD be responsible for in 2030?

Question: When did IHD begin to be a bigger problem in the developing word?
Myocardial_infarction

At common law, in general, a myocardial infarction is a disease, but may sometimes be an injury. This can create coverage issues in administration of no-fault insurance schemes such as workers' compensation. In general, a heart attack is not covered; however, it may be a work-related injury if it results, for example, from unusual emotional stress or unusual exertion. In addition, in some jurisdictions, heart attacks suffered by persons in particular occupations such as police officers may be classified as line-of-duty injuries by statute or policy. In some countries or states, a person having suffered from an MI may be prevented from participating in activity that puts other people's lives at risk, for example driving a car or flying an airplane.

Question: What is a myocardial infarction is always considered to be?

Question: What occupation cannot have a heart attack classified as work-related?

Question: What typically covers an MI?

Question: When is an MI not considered a work-related injury?

Question: What generally treats MI as an injury?