Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit

Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script. The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script. In East India, the Bengali alphabet, and, later, the Odia alphabet, were used.

Question: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?
Answer: Kharosthi

Question: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?
Answer: between the fourth and eighth centuries

Question: Which script evolved from the Gupta script in the 8th century?
Answer: Śāradā

Question: Which script replaced the Gupta script?
Answer: Devanagari

Question: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?
Answer: 11th or 12th century

Question: What were used to write Sanskrit?
Answer: Brahmic scripts

Question: What script was used in the northwest of India?
Answer: Kharosthi

Question: Between the forth and eighth century, what script evolved?
Answer: Gupta

Question: From what was Gupta derived?
Answer: Brahmi

Question: What script evolved from the Gupta script?
Answer: Śāradā

Question: What script was used in the northeast?

Question: In what centuries were the Brahmic scripts used?

Question: What was the Brahmi script derived from?

Question: What script was the Devanagari script replace with in the 12th century?

Question: What alphabet was mainly used in West India?
Sanskrit

Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in Austronesian languages, such as Javanese, particularly the older form in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed. Other Austronesian languages, such as traditional Malay and modern Indonesian, also derive much of their vocabulary from Sanskrit, albeit to a lesser extent, with a larger proportion derived from Arabic. Similarly, Philippine languages such as Tagalog have some Sanskrit loanwords, although more are derived from Spanish. A Sanskrit loanword encountered in many Southeast Asian languages is the word bhāṣā, or spoken language, which is used to refer to the names of many languages.

Question: Tagalog is what kind of language?
Answer: Philippine

Question: From what language is a large proportion of Tagalog derived?
Answer: Spanish

Question: What is an example of a Sanskrit loanword used in Southeast Asian languages?
Answer: bhāṣā

Question: What is the meaning of the Sanskrit loanword "bhāṣā?"
Answer: spoken language

Question: What is an example of a traditional language that derives much of its vocabulary from Sanskrit?
Answer: Malay

Question: Where were many Sanskrit words found?
Answer: Austronesian languages

Question: In what older from of which language were more than half the words borrowed from Sanskrit?
Answer: Javanese

Question: What Sanskrit borrowed word is found in many Asian languages?
Answer: bhāṣā

Question: What is the meaning of bhasa?
Answer: spoken language

Question: Where does traditional Malay get many of its loanwords?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: In what languages are Tagalog loan words found?

Question: Which language from Indonesia is not derived from Sanskrit?

Question: What languages from the Austronesian languages is not derived from Arabic?

Question: What language loan words does Arabic use?

Question: What language is Spanish derived from?
Sanskrit

For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.

Question: What are two examples of epic poetry written in Sanskrit?
Answer: the Ramayana and Mahabharata

Question: What are prakritisms?
Answer: borrowings from common speech

Question: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?
Answer: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

Question: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?
Answer: 2000 years

Question: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?
Answer: Indian epic poetry

Question: What epic poems are written in post-Vedic Sanskrit?
Answer: Ramayana and Mahabharata

Question: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?
Answer: Prakrits

Question: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?
Answer: prakritisms

Question: What Language influenced a large part of EurAsia for nearly 2000 years?

Question: What form of Sanskrit is found in Asian peotry?

Question: What is considered proof that pre-Panini was used in epics?

Question: What type of Sanskrit influenced Middle aIndo-Aryan languages?

Question: What did Classic Sanskrit assimilate to?

Question: Where did Sanskrit exert influence for less than 1000 years?

Question: Sanskrit was not influential in which part of Asia?

Question: In what poetry will you find early Vedic Sanskrit?

Question: Who caused deviations from Panini due to their lack of interference?

Question: What classical language is influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?
Sanskrit

From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change. However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras.

Question: When was the time of Panini?
Answer: fourth century BCE

Question: What type of text is the Samaveda?
Answer: Vedic texts

Question: What was Sanskrit used for?
Answer: sacred purposes

Question: How was Sanskrit viewed to be in relation to maintaining class?
Answer: conservative

Question: To what did the use of Sanskrit as a upper class language produce a resistance ?
Answer: change

Question: When was the Samaveda witten?

Question: What language was used for philisophical purposes?

Question: What allowed sanskrit to change linguistically?

Question: how many linguistic developments are there of Riveda from Vedic?

Question: What century can the development of the early Vedic language be traced to?

Question: What factors supported the process of linguistic change?

Question: Which early sutras did not follow the five-level linguistic development?

Question: What did upper class conservatives advocate in the use of language?

Question: What levels of linguistic development did Sanskrit bypass?
Sanskrit

Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in the modern age.:416 Instead, it was reduced to "reinscription and restatements" of ideas already explored, and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses.:398 A notable exception are the military references of Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara's 17th-century commentary on the Mahābhārata.

Question: Who has said the Sanskrit is dead?
Answer: Sheldon Pollock

Question: According to Pollock, how is Sanskrit solely used?
Answer: literary cultures

Question: What is Sanskrit not  able to express?
Answer: the modern age

Question: How is Sanskrit limited in it function towards ideas?
Answer: restatements

Question: To what is Sanskrit restricted?
Answer: hymns

Question: What did Andrew Pollock say of Sanskrit?

Question: What 18th century commentary did Caturdhara's speak about?

Question: Sanskrit is not often used in what forms of creative uses?

Question: Where is Sanskrit no longer used?

Question: In what way has Sanskrit adapted in the modern age?
Sanskrit

The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.

Question: To what has the Central Board of Education of India relegated Sanskrit? 
Answer: alternative option

Question: Where has the Education Board ranked Sanskrit as a language option?
Answer: second or third

Question: What grades in Indian schools have an option for Sanskrit study?
Answer: 5 to 8

Question: In what language states is Sanskrit considered an option?
Answer: Hindi

Question: In what other type of schools is Sanskrit also taught?
Answer: gurukulas

Question: What board refused to see Sanskrit as an alternative option?

Question: What is the only India board of education?

Question: What language is the state official language of India?

Question: In which grades is learning Sanskrit required?

Question: Traditional gurukulas no longer teach what language?
Sanskrit

St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati. In Australia, the Sydney private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate.

Question: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study?
Answer: St James Junior School

Question: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.?
Answer: September 2009

Question: What is the credit towards in study in the U.S.?
Answer: Foreign Language

Question: Who coordinates the study program of Samskritam as a Foreign Language?
Answer: Samskrita Bharati.

Question: What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study?
Answer: Sydney Grammar School

Question: What does St. Johns Junior School in London offer?

Question: Where have high school students been allowed to receive credits toward a Foreign Language since 2006?

Question: What school years in Australia are students required to study Sanskrit?

Question: Who coordinated Sanskrit as a foreign language?

Question: What does a student get at the Sydney private middle school for studying Sanskrit?
Sanskrit

Sanskrit originated in an oral society, and the oral tradition was maintained through the development of early classical Sanskrit literature. Writing was not introduced to India until after Sanskrit had evolved into the Prakrits; when it was written, the choice of writing system was influenced by the regional scripts of the scribes. Therefore, Sanskrit has no native script of its own. As such, virtually all the major writing systems of South Asia have been used for the production of Sanskrit manuscripts.

Question: Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?
Answer: oral tradition

Question: After what language evolved was writing introduced?
Answer: Prakrits

Question: What feature of written text influenced the use of scripts?
Answer: regional scripts

Question: What does Sanskrit not have of its own?
Answer: native script

Question: Which writing systems have been used to write Sanskrit?
Answer: all

Question: What originated in a progressive society?

Question: What written tradition was maintained in early literature?

Question: What did Prakrits evolve into?

Question: What influenced the original scripts of the scribes?

Question: What was used in very few writing systems in South Asia?
Sanskrit

Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

Question: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?
Answer: late 18th century

Question: What transliteration system is most common today?
Answer: IAST

Question: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
Answer: since 1888

Question: What is used in transliteration for computer systems? 
Answer: ASCII

Question: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?
Answer: ITRANS

Question: What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century?

Question: What system was commonly used in the 18th century to transliterate Sanskrit?

Question: What academic standard had been used before 1888?

Question: What software can only be used on Unicode-aware web browsers?

Question: What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail?
Sanskrit

Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like 剎那 chànà (Devanagari: क्षण kṣaṇa 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.

Question: What in the use of Sanskrit has influenced Sino-Tibetan languages?
Answer: Buddhist texts

Question: Who sent missionaries to China?
Answer: Ashoka

Question: What religion was spread to China through Sanskrit translations?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: What were transliterated and added to the Chinese language?
Answer: Many terms

Question: Where do many Sanskrit texts survive?
Answer: Tibetan collections

Question: What have Sino-Tibetan languages influenced?

Question: What languages have been influenced through the spread of Hindi texts?

Question: What missionaries spread Islam to China?

Question: Who sent Mahayana missionaries to India?

Question: What Sanskrit texts survive in Egyptian collections?
Sanskrit

Sanskrit has greatly influenced the languages of India that grew from its vocabulary and grammatical base; for instance, Hindi is a "Sanskritised register" of the Khariboli dialect. All modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as Munda and Dravidian languages, have borrowed many words either directly from Sanskrit (tatsama words), or indirectly via middle Indo-Aryan languages (tadbhava words). Words originating in Sanskrit are estimated at roughly fifty percent of the vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as the literary forms of Malayalam and Kannada. Literary texts in Telugu are lexically Sanskrit or Sanskritised to an enormous extent, perhaps seventy percent or more.

Question: What language has influenced the languages of India?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: Of what is Hindi considered to be in relation to Sanskrit?
Answer: Sanskritised register

Question: From what dialect is Hindi descended?
Answer: Khariboli

Question: What is the percentage of Sanskrit words thought to be in modern Indo-Aryan languages?
Answer: fifty percent

Question: What language texts  are as much as 70% Sanskrit?
Answer: Telugu

Question: What did the languages of India greatly influence?

Question: What is the Khariboli dialect a Sanskritised register of?

Question: Where has Sanskrit borrowed words from?

Question: What percent of vocabulary comes from languages of India?

Question: What place are literary texts rarely considered lexically Sanskrit?
Sanskrit

The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit date to the first century BCE.[citation needed] They are in the Brahmi script, which was originally used for Prakrit, not Sanskrit. It has been described as a paradox that the first evidence of written Sanskrit occurs centuries later than that of the Prakrit languages which are its linguistic descendants. In northern India, there are Brāhmī inscriptions dating from the third century BCE onwards, the oldest appearing on the famous Prakrit pillar inscriptions of king Ashoka. The earliest South Indian inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi, written in early Tamil, belong to the same period. When Sanskrit was written down, it was first used for texts of an administrative, literary or scientific nature. The sacred texts were preserved orally, and were set down in writing "reluctantly" (according to one commentator), and at a comparatively late date.

Question: From when are the earliest dated Sanskrit inscriptions?
Answer: first century BCE

Question: In what script are the earliest Sanskrit inscriptions?
Answer: Brahmi

Question: In what language was Brahmi first used?
Answer: Prakrit

Question: What language is the descendant of Sanskrit?
Answer: Prakrit

Question: How were early sacred texts offered?
Answer: orally

Question: When were the latest inscriptions in Sanskrit known to exist?

Question: When was the earliest Vedic script known to exist?

Question: What written language is known to occur centuries later than Sanskrit?

Question: Where are there Prakrit inscriptions dating from the third century?

Question: What king's pillar is the most recent Brahmi inscription found on?
Sanskrit

The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca. fifth century BCE). About a century after Pāṇini (around 400 BCE), Kātyāyana composed Vārtikas on the Pāṇini sũtras. Patanjali, who lived three centuries after Pāṇini, wrote the Mahābhāṣya, the "Great Commentary" on the Aṣṭādhyāyī and Vārtikas. Because of these three ancient Vyākaraṇins (grammarians), this grammar is called Trimuni Vyākarana. To understand the meaning of the sutras, Jayaditya and Vāmana wrote a commentary, the Kāsikā, in 600 CE. Pāṇinian grammar is based on 14 Shiva sutras (aphorisms), where the whole mātrika (alphabet) is abbreviated. This abbreviation is called the Pratyāhara.

Question: What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?
Answer: Vyākaraṇa

Question: In what period did Vyakarana begin?
Answer: late Vedic

Question: How many sutras are in the Astadhyayi?
Answer: 3990 sutras

Question: Who composed Vartikas on the Panini sutras?
Answer: Kātyāyana

Question: What is the abbreviated alphabet called? 
Answer: Pratyāhara

Question: What was composed about a century before Panini?

Question: Who lived three centuries before Panini?

Question: What did Panini write?

Question: What is based on 12 Shiva sutras?

Question: What is Pratyahara a partial abbreviation of?
Sanskrit

Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The present form of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced back to as early as the second millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Pāṇinian" Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of essential points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas) and theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by many authors over several centuries of oral tradition. The end of the Vedic period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the traditional Vedic corpus; however, the early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in language and content.

Question: According to Panini, from where did Sanskrit evolve?
Answer: earlier Vedic

Question: To what time can the present form of Sanskrit be traced?
Answer: second millennium BCE

Question: As what are Classical and Vedic Sanskrit often viewed?
Answer: separate dialects

Question: What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as?
Answer: the Vedas

Question: What hymns are thought to be the earliest?
Answer: Rigveda Samhita

Question: What is described as Vedic and evolved outof earlier Panini?

Question: What can be traced back to the second century A.D

Question: What are often considered the same dialects?

Question: What two dialects are vastly different?

Question: What is the begining of the Vedic period marked by?

Question: What can be traced back to the first millennium?

Question: What is another name for Vedic Sanskrit?

Question: What are considered to be some of the later hymns by modern linguists?

Question: What was composed by only one author?

Question: What marked the beginning of Vedic period?
Sanskrit

In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.

Question: When is it thought that early speakers of Sanskrit came to India?
Answer: early second millennium BCE

Question: What is the relationship between Indo-Iranian and Baltic languages?
Answer: close

Question: From what direction did Sanskrit travel to come to India?
Answer: north-west

Question: Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries?
Answer: India and Pakistan

Question: What is the theory called dealing with the transfer of Sanskrit to India?
Answer: Indo-Aryan migration theory

Question: What does the Ino-European migration theory explain?

Question: When did the original speakers of Sanskrit migrate to the north-west?

Question: What arrived in the Batic region during the second millenium BCE?

Question: What does Indo-Aryan migration disprove?

Question: What theory explains the different features of Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages?

Question: To where did early speakers from the north-east bring Sanskrit?

Question: Who arrived in India during the first millennium BCE?

Question: Which languages share nothing in common with each other?

Question: Little evidence exists to support which theory?
Sanskrit

Many Sanskrit dramas also indicate that the language coexisted with Prakrits, spoken by multilingual speakers with a more extensive education. Sanskrit speakers were almost always multilingual. In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by learned Brahmins for scholarly communication. This was a thin layer of Indian society, but covered a wide geography. Centres like Varanasi, Paithan, Pune and Kanchipuram had a strong presence of teaching and debating institutions, and high classical Sanskrit was maintained until British times.

Question: What form of speech shows that Sanskrit and Prakrits existed together?
Answer: Sanskrit dramas

Question: What type of speakers spoke Sanskrit?
Answer: multilingual

Question: For what did Brahmins use Sanskrit?
Answer: scholarly communication

Question: Until what period was high Sanskrit used?
Answer: British times

Question: How large of a group in society use Sanskrit?
Answer: thin layer

Question: What kind of dramas used exclusively the Sanskrit language?

Question: What language was spoken by the less educated?

Question: What trait in the enlightened era did most Sanskrit speakers pocess?

Question: Who used Sanskrit for common communication?

Question: In what single location was Sanskrit centralized and maintained?
Sanskrit

Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in central Karnataka claims to have native speakers of Sanskrit among its population. Inhabitants of all castes learn Sanskrit starting in childhood and converse in the language. Even the local Muslims converse in Sanskrit. Historically, the village was given by king Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire to Vedic scholars and their families, while people in his kingdom spoke Kannada and Telugu. Another effort concentrates on preserving and passing along the oral tradition of the Vedas, www.shrivedabharathi.in is one such organisation based out of Hyderabad that has been digitising the Vedas by recording recitations of Vedic Pandits.

Question: What organization is trying to revive Sanskrit?
Answer: Samskrita Bharati

Question: What kind of competitions does the All-India Sanskrit Festival have?
Answer: composition contests

Question: How many speakers of Sanskrit were there by the 1991 census?
Answer: 49,736

Question: Where in India is Sanskrit still spoken by the population?
Answer: Mattur village

Question: Who originally gave Mattur village to Sanskrit scholars?
Answer: king Krishnadevaraya

Question: What organization is working to get rid of the use of the Sanskrit language?

Question: How many fluent Sanskrit speakers were reported in 2002?

Question: What village claims that it no longer has native Sanskrit speakers?

Question: Which local population refuses to use Sanskrit as a language?

Question: Which village did Vedic scholars give to king Krishnadevaraya?
Sanskrit

Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifested by a neglect of Sanskrit in British academia. This was the beginning of a general push in favor of the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated to Britain as far as possible. Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English "common-sense view" that Indians constituted a "separate, inferior and unimprovable race".

Question: When was Sanskrit and Indian culture popular?
Answer: 18th century

Question: In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?
Answer: early 19th century

Question: How did the British academics show their feelings about Sanskrit?
Answer: neglect

Question: What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible?
Answer: assimilated to Britain

Question: Besides assimilation of British culture, what else did the British consider Indians to be?
Answer: inferior

Question: What did Sir William Jones create enthusiasm about in the 17th century?

Question:  What was there a hostility towards in 19th century India?

Question: Who held fast to the teaching of Sanskrit in Britain?

Question: In what ways did Britain believe that India and Britain needed to be separated?

Question: What did Trautmann believe was the cause of India believing that there culture was superior?
Sanskrit

Satyagraha, an opera by Philip Glass, uses texts from the Bhagavad Gita, sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which won a Grammy, is the ashtanga vinyasa yoga chant. The lyrics include the mantra Om shanti. Composer John Williams featured choirs singing in Sanskrit for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The theme song of Battlestar Galactica 2004 is the Gayatri Mantra, taken from the Rigveda. The lyrics of "The Child In Us" by Enigma also contains Sanskrit verses.[better source needed].

Question: Who wrote an opera in Sanskrit?
Answer: Philip Glass

Question: On what was the Philip Glass opera based?
Answer: Bhagavad Gita

Question: Which well known performer has used Sanskrit chants in her music?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Which composer featured Sanskrit music in his movies?
Answer: John Williams

Question: What is the source of the theme song of Battlestar Galactica?
Answer: Rigveda

Question: What is the opera created by Steven Glass that uses Sanskrit?

Question: Who wrote the Bhagavad Gita?

Question: What modern singer sang chants from Satyagraha?

Question: Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from?

Question: What song sung by Enigma is a vinyasa yoga chant?
Valencia

During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy. In its early stages the movement inclined to the romanticism of the poet Teodor Llorente, and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart, founder of the still extant cultural society, Lo Rat Penat, which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture.

Question: Who had suppressed the Valencian language?
Answer: Philip V

Question: What group still exists and promotes Valencian culture?
Answer: Lo Rat Penat

Question: Who founded Lo Rat Penat?
Answer: Constantine Llombart

Question: What poet was an early influence on the Valencian Renaissance?
Answer: Teodor Llorente

Question: Who got rich from the Valencian orange crop and vineyards?
Answer: land-owners
Valencia

Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC. The city is situated on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 hectares; this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations. Major monuments include Valencia Cathedral, the Torres de Serrans, the Torres de Quart, the Llotja de la Seda (declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996), and the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences), an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela. The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi. The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (Valencian Institute of Modern Art) houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography.

Question: When was Valencia's founding?
Answer: 138 BC

Question: On what river is Valencia located?
Answer: Turia

Question: How big is Valencia's historic centre?
Answer: 169 hectares

Question: What Valencian museum contains pieces by Velazquez and other famous artists?
Answer: Museu de Belles Arts de València

Question: What Valencian museum has a photography collection?
Answer: Institut Valencià d'Art Modern
General_Electric

It has been said that GE got into computer manufacturing because in the 1950s they were the largest user of computers outside the United States federal government, aside from being the first business in the world to own a computer. Its major appliance manufacturing plant "Appliance Park" was the first non-governmental site to host one. However, in 1970, GE sold its computer division to Honeywell, exiting the computer manufacturing industry, though it retained its timesharing operations for some years afterwards. GE was a major provider of computer timesharing services, through General Electric Information Services (GEIS, now GXS), offering online computing services that included GEnie.

Question: During which decade did GE start manufacuring computers?
Answer: 1950s

Question: What was the name of GE's major appliance manufacturing plant?
Answer: Appliance Park

Question: In what year did GE sell its computer division to Honeywell?
Answer: 1970

Question: What division of GE provides computer timesharing services?
Answer: GXS

Question: What was the name of first business in the world to own a computer?
Answer: GE

Question: What year saw the release of GEnie?

Question: In what year did GE's "Appliance Park" begin hosting computers?

Question: In what decade did Honeywell first enter the computer manufacturing industry?

Question: Who managed the second non-governmental computer hosting site?

Question: What was the second business to own a computer after GE?
General_Electric

During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.

Question: What was the name of the lamp manufacturer in East Newark which Thomas Edison an interest in?
Answer: Edison Lamp Company

Question: Where was Edison Machine Works located?
Answer: Schenectady, New York

Question: Who provided financial backing for the Edison Lighting Company?
Answer: J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family

Question: In what year did Drexel, Morgan & Co. begin to finance Edison's research and form Edison General Electric Company?
Answer: 1889

Question: What was the name of the company that held the patents from Edison's research?
Answer: Edison Electric Light Company

Question: In what year was Thomas Edison born?

Question: In what city was Bergmann & Company headquartered?

Question: In what city was Drexel, Morgan & Co based?

Question: In what year did J.P. Morgan first meet Thomas Edison?

Question: In what city was Edison Electric Light Company incorporated?
General_Electric

Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan. Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT Corporation, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc.) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.[citation needed]

Question: What is the business source of the majority of GE's revenues?
Answer: financial services

Question: In what other country besides the US does GE provide lending services?
Answer: Japan

Question: How much of GE's revenues is derived from the financial services it provides?
Answer: over half

Question: Besides ITT Corporation, which two companies tried to emulate GE, but failed by the mid-1980's?
Answer: Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco

Question: In what decade was GE founded?

Question: In what country was Tenneco headquartered?

Question: In what decade did ITT Corporation get founded?

Question: In what decade was Westinghouse established?

Question: In what nation was Ling-Temco-Vought established?
General_Electric

The changes included a new corporate color palette, small modifications to the GE logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira) and a new slogan, "Imagination at work", composed by David Lucas, to replace the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" used since 1979. The standard requires many headlines to be lowercased and adds visual "white space" to documents and advertising. The changes were designed by Wolff Olins and are used on GE's marketing, literature and website. In 2014, a second typeface family was introduced: GE Sans and Serif by Bold Monday created under art direction by Wolff Olins.

Question: Who composed GE's slogan "Imagination at work?"?
Answer: David Lucas

Question: What was GE's slogan prior to "Imagination at work?"
Answer: We Bring Good Things to Life

Question: In what year was the slogan "We Bring Good Things to Life" first used?
Answer: 1979

Question: Which company designed the standard format for GE's marketing literature and website?
Answer: Wolff Olins

Question: What is the name of the typeface family created for GE in 2014?
Answer: GE Sans and Serif by Bold Monday

Question: In what year did GE start using the slogan, "Imagination at work"?

Question: What was the first typeface family use by GE?

Question: Who composed the slogan, "We Bring Good Things to Life"?

Question: What was the typeface used for, "We Bring Good Things to Life"?

Question: Who created the GE Inspira font?
General_Electric

GE has a history of some of its activities giving rise to large-scale air and water pollution. Based on year 2000 data, researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute listed the corporation as the fourth-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with more than 4.4 million pounds per year (2,000 tons) of toxic chemicals released into the air. GE has also been implicated in the creation of toxic waste. According to EPA documents, only the United States Government, Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation are responsible for producing more Superfund toxic waste sites.

Question: Based on year 2000 data, where is GE ranked among the largest corporate producers of air pollution in the US?
Answer: fourth-largest

Question: How many tons of toxic chemicals does GE release into the atmosphere each year?
Answer: 2,000

Question: According to which government agency is GE a leading producer of Superfund toxic waste sites?
Answer: EPA

Question: Which two commercial businesses produce more Superfund toxic waste sites than GE?
Answer: Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation

Question: Which organization identified GE as the fourth largest corporate producer of air pollution in the US?
Answer: Political Economy Research Institute

Question: How much air pollution is spewed out by all of the Superfund toxic waste sites each year?

Question: How much air pollution in Chevron Corporation responsible for each year?

Question: Who is the largest corporate producer of air pollution each year?

Question: Who did the Political Economy Research Institute list as the third-largest producer of air pollution?

Question: How much air pollution did GE create in 1980?
General_Electric

At about the same time, Charles Coffin, leading the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, acquired a number of competitors and gained access to their key patents. General Electric was formed through the 1892 merger of Edison General Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, and Thomson-Houston Electric Company of Lynn, Massachusetts, with the support of Drexel, Morgan & Co. Both plants continue to operate under the GE banner to this day. The company was incorporated in New York, with the Schenectady plant used as headquarters for many years thereafter. Around the same time, General Electric's Canadian counterpart, Canadian General Electric, was formed.

Question: In what year was General Electric formed?
Answer: 1892

Question: In which US state was GE incorporated?
Answer: New York

Question: Which city was the home of GE's first headquarters?
Answer: Schenectady

Question: Who led the Thomson-Houston Electric Company when GE was formed?
Answer: Charles Coffin

Question: Where was the Thomson-Houston Electric Company based?
Answer: Lynn, Massachusetts

Question: Where was Drexel, Morgan & Co incorporated?

Question: In what year was Canadian General Electric formed?

Question: When was Drexel, Morgan & Co incorporated>

Question: Where was Canadian General Electric based?

Question: Where was Thomson-Houston Electric Company headquartered?
General_Electric

From circa 1932 until 1977, General Electric polluted the Housatonic River with PCBs discharges from the General Electric plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found in Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts, just south of Pittsfield, where they have been measured up to 110 mg/kg in the sediment. About 50% of all the PCBs currently in the river are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 pounds of PCBs. Former filled oxbows are also polluted. Waterfowl and fish who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs and can present health risks if consumed.

Question: Which river did GE pollute with PCBs from its plant in Pittsfield, MA?
Answer: Housatonic River

Question: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River?
Answer: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260

Question: Which company produced the Aroctor 1254 and Aroctor 1260?
Answer: Monsanto

Question: How many pounds of PCBs are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam?
Answer: 11,000

Question: How high have the levels of PCBs in the sediments behind Woods Pond dam been measured at?
Answer: 110 mg/kg

Question: In what year was Monsanto founded?

Question: How much Aroclor 1254 was found in Pittsfield?

Question: In what year did Monsanto create Aroclor 1260?

Question: How many pounds of PCBs are found in Pittsfield?

Question: How much PCBs is found in waterfowl and fish in the Housatonic River?
General_Electric

GE (General Electric) Energy's renewable energy business has expanded greatly, to keep up with growing U.S. and global demand for clean energy. Since entering the renewable energy industry in 2002, GE has invested more than $850 million in renewable energy commercialization. In August 2008 it acquired Kelman Ltd, a Northern Ireland company specializing in advanced monitoring and diagnostics technologies for transformers used in renewable energy generation, and announced an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland in May 2010. In 2009, GE's renewable energy initiatives, which include solar power, wind power and GE Jenbacher gas engines using renewable and non-renewable methane-based gases, employ more than 4,900 people globally and have created more than 10,000 supporting jobs.

Question: In what year did GE enter the renewable energy industry?
Answer: 2002

Question: How much money has GE invested in renewable energy commercialization?
Answer: more than $850 million

Question: In what year did GE acquire Kelman Ltd.?
Answer: 2008

Question: As of 2009, how many people did GE employ in its renewable energy initiatives?
Answer: more than 4,900

Question: When did GE announce an expansion of its business in Northern Ireland?
Answer: May 2010

Question: In what year was Kelman Ltd. formed?

Question: How many people did GE employ overall as of 2009?

Question: How many people worked for Kelman Ltd. as of 2008 when it was acquired by GE?

Question: How much was GE worth as of 2002?

Question: How much did GE pay to acquire Kelman Ltd?
General_Electric

In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology". The announcement prompted an op-ed piece in The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy."

Question: When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program?
Answer: May 2005

Question: Who was the CEO of GE when it announced its Ecoimagination program?
Answer: Jeff Immelt

Question: What type of technology related to water was to be developed under the Ecoimagination program?
Answer: water purification technology

Question: Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy?
Answer: The New York Times

Question: What type of locomotive technology was to be developed by GE under its Ecoimagination program?
Answer: hybrid

Question: Who wrote an op-ed piece in the New York Times about GE's CEO in May 2005?

Question: In what year did GE start polluting the environment?

Question: In what year was solar energy introduced as a way to generate electricity?

Question: In what year did Jeff Immelt become the CEO of GE?

Question: In what year was the first hybrid locomotive introduced onto the market?