Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
New_Haven,_Connecticut

Union Station is further served by four Amtrak lines: the Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express provide service to New York, Washington, D.C. and Boston, and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the New Haven–Springfield Line provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts; and the Vermonter provides service to both Washington, D.C., and Vermont, 15 miles (24 km) from the Canadian border. Amtrak also codeshares with United Airlines for travel to any airport serviced by United Airlines, via Newark Airport (EWR) originating from or terminating at Union Station, (IATA: ZVE).

Question: How many Amtrak lines service Union Station?
Answer: four

Question: Which transit lines out of Union Station are ranked as the busiest routes in the U.S.?
Answer: Northeast Regional and the high-speed Acela Express

Question: Which transit line out of Union Station provides service to Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts?
Answer: New Haven–Springfield Line

Question: With what airline does Amtrak codeshare for transit to Newark Airport that originates or terminates at Union Station?
Answer: United Airlines

Question: Which transit line out of Union Station provides service between Vermont and Washington D.C.?
Answer: the Vermonter

Question: What is the name of the train station within New Haven?
Answer: Union Station

Question: The train line that connects Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont together is known as what?
Answer: New Haven–Springfield Line

Question: In additions, the train line is also connected with which airline services?
Answer: United Airlines
New_Haven,_Connecticut

The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by trolley service. Horse-drawn steetcars began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trolley route converted to bus in 1948. The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering the restoration of streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent since the postwar period.

Question: What form of public transportation preceded the current New Haven Division bus routes?
Answer: trolley service

Question: What decade ushered in the operation of horse-drawn carriages in New Haven? 
Answer: the 1860s

Question: What advancement was made to New Haven trolley lines in the mid 1890's?
Answer: all the lines had become electric

Question: What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's?
Answer: bus lines

Question: In what year was the final trolley route in New Haven converted to a bus line? 
Answer: 1948

Question: Buses in New Haven uses what kind of route for their service?
Answer: trolley

Question: Before 20th century, what was the form of public transportation in the city?
Answer: Horse-drawn steetcars

Question: In what year were trolleys finally replaced completely by buses?
Answer: 1948

Question: What further ideas for public transportation is the city currently considering?
Answer: streetcar (light-rail) service
New_Haven,_Connecticut

The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.

Question: What rail trail is slated to run between downtown New Haven and Northampton, Massachusetts? 
Answer: The Farmington Canal Trail

Question: What historic trail does the Farmington Canal Trail follow? 
Answer: New Haven and Northampton Company

Question: What canal lies adjacent to the Historic New Haven and Northamption company trail?
Answer: Farmington Canal

Question: What proposed bike path, projected connect every major city on the eastern seaboard, is part of the Farmington Canal Trail?
Answer: East Coast Greenway

Question: What is the name of the trail that runs from to New Haven all the way to Eastern Massachusetts?
Answer: Farmington Canal Trail

Question: Part of the rail trail is also accessible by what form of transportation? 
Answer: bicycle

Question: Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail?
Answer: East Coast Greenway

Question: In terms of length, how long is the East Coast Greenway trail if it stretches from Maine to Florida?
Answer: 3,000-mile
New_Haven,_Connecticut

In 2004, the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street, connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown. Since then, bike lanes have also been added to sections of Howard Ave, Elm St, Dixwell Avenue, Water Street, Clinton Avenue and State Street. The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven, including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane. A bike map of the city entire can be seen here , and bike maps broken down by area here . As of the end of 2012, bicycle lanes have also been added in both directions on Dixwell Avenue along most of the street from downtown to the Hamden town line, as well as along Howard Avenue from Yale New Haven Hospital to City Point.

Question: In what year did Orange Street receive the first bike lane in New Haven?
Answer: 2004

Question: For which New Haven neighborhood did the Orange Street bike lane provide a connection to downtown? 
Answer: East Rock

Question: In addition to Orange Street, what is a bike route recommended for use by the city of New Haven?
Answer: Canal Trail

Question: In what year were bike lanes added on Dixwell Avenue and Howard Avenue? 
Answer: 2012

Question: When was the first bicycle lane created in New Haven? 
Answer: 2004

Question: The lane stretch from East Rock park to what part of the city?
Answer: downtown

Question: What year did New Haven finally integrated bike lanes to most of the city?
Answer: end of 2012

Question: How is it possible to located the direction of bike lanes within the city?
Answer: bike map of the city
New_Haven,_Connecticut

New Haven lies at the intersection of Interstate 95 on the coast—which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the eastern Connecticut shoreline, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts—and Interstate 91, which leads northward to the interior of Massachusetts and Vermont and the Canadian border. I-95 is infamous for traffic jams increasing with proximity to New York City; on the east side of New Haven it passes over the Quinnipiac River via the Pearl Harbor Memorial, or "Q Bridge", which often presents a major bottleneck to traffic. I-91, however, is relatively less congested, except at the intersection with I-95 during peak travel times.

Question: What major interstate provides access between New Haven and New York City?
Answer: Interstate 95

Question: What major interstate in New Haven provides access northward into Massachusetts, Vermont, and eventually reaches the Canadian border?
Answer: Interstate 91

Question: Over which New Haven river does 1-95 cross on the east side?
Answer: Quinnipiac River

Question: What is the nickname given to the Pearl Harbor Memorial? 
Answer: "Q Bridge"

Question: Which New Haven interstate is less congested throughout times designated as peak travel?
Answer: I-91

Question: New Haven is adjacent to what part of the national highway?
Answer: Interstate 95

Question: Which of the nearby highway would take you north to Massachusetts?
Answer: Interstate 91

Question: Interstate 95 is also infamous for what exactly?
Answer: traffic jams

Question: What river crosses path with I-95?
Answer: Quinnipiac River

Question: Is I-91 similar to I-95 in terms of bad traffic?
Answer: is relatively less congested
New_Haven,_Connecticut

The Oak Street Connector (Connecticut Route 34) intersects I-91 at exit 1, just south of the I-95/I-91 interchange, and runs northwest for a few blocks as an expressway spur into downtown before emptying onto surface roads. The Wilbur Cross Parkway (Connecticut Route 15) runs parallel to I-95 west of New Haven, turning northwards as it nears the city and then running northwards parallel to I-91 through the outer rim of New Haven and Hamden, offering an alternative to the I-95/I-91 journey (restricted to non-commercial vehicles). Route 15 in New Haven is the site of the only highway tunnel in the state (officially designated as Heroes Tunnel), running through West Rock, home to West Rock Park and the Three Judges Cave.

Question: What downtown New Haven expressway spur intersects at exit 1 of 1-91?
Answer: The Oak Street Connector

Question: What is another name for Connecticut Route 15, which provides an alternate route from traveling on 1-95/1/91?
Answer: The Wilbur Cross Parkway

Question: What thoroughfare in New Haven features the only highway tunnel in Connecticut?
Answer: Route 15

Question: What is the name of the highway tunnel on Route 15 in New Haven? 
Answer: Heroes Tunnel

Question: Through what neighborhood in New Haven does Route 15 run? 
Answer: West Rock

Question: Oak Street Connect crosses which interstate highway?
Answer: I-91 at exit 1

Question: Connecticut Route 15 is next to which highway?
Answer: I-95 west of New Haven,

Question: What is the name of the only highway tunnel in Connecticut?
Answer: Route 15
New_Haven,_Connecticut

The city also has several major surface arteries. U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford. The main road from downtown heading northwest is Whalley Avenue (partly signed as Route 10 and Route 63) leading to Westville and Woodbridge. Heading north towards Hamden, there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue. To the northeast are Middletown Avenue (Route 17), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of North Branford. To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby. Other major intracity arteries are Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10) west of downtown, and College Street, Temple Street, Church Street, Elm Street, and Grove Street in the downtown area.

Question: What east-west artery in New Haven serves Union Station? 
Answer: U.S. Route 1

Question: What road leading northwest from downtown New Haven comprises both Route 10 and Route 63 at various points?
Answer: Whalley Avenue

Question: What two major thoroughfares lie to the north of New Haven towards Hamden? 
Answer: Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue

Question: What northeast avenue in New Haven is signed as Route 17?
Answer: Middletown

Question: What western road provides access from New Haven to the city of Derby?
Answer: Route 34

Question: Where does U.S. Route 1 runs in terms of direction within the city?
Answer: east-west direction

Question: What is the name of the route that heads north of downtown?
Answer: Whalley Avenue

Question: What city does the western route 34 leads to?
Answer: Derby

Question: What is another surface arteries that is located west of downtown New Haven?
Answer: Ella Grasso Boulevard
New_Haven,_Connecticut

New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.

Question: In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located?
Answer: New Haven Harbor

Question: How many trucks does the Port of New Haven have the daily capacity to load?
Answer: 200

Question: In addition to ground service, what other function is available at the Port of New Haven for offloading truck cargo?
Answer: loading docks

Question: Approximately how many square feet of interior storage is available at the Port of New Haven?
Answer: 400,000

Question: Approximately how many acres of outside storage does the Port of New Haven offer?
Answer: 50

Question: The name of New Haven harbor?
Answer: Port of New Haven

Question: In terms of scale how big is the harbor?
Answer: 400,000 square feet

Question: How many forklift are available for use in it everyday production?
Answer: 26

Question: How many transport vehicle can the harbor actually hold?
Answer: 200
New_Haven,_Connecticut

The New Haven area supports several medical facilities that are considered some of the best hospitals in the country. There are two major medical centers downtown: Yale – New Haven Hospital has four pavilions, including the Yale – New Haven Children's Hospital and the Smilow Cancer Hospital; the Hospital of Saint Raphael is several blocks north, and touts its excellent cardiac emergency care program. Smaller downtown health facilities are the Temple Medical Center located downtown on Temple Street, Connecticut Mental Health Center/ across Park Street from Y-NHH, and the Hill Health Center, which serves the working-class Hill neighborhood. A large Veterans Affairs hospital is located in neighboring West Haven. To the west in Milford is Milford Hospital, and to the north in Meriden is the MidState Medical Center.

Question: How many major medical centers are located in downtown New Haven?
Answer: two

Question: What overarching New Haven medical center is the Smilow Cancer Hospital a part of?
Answer: Yale – New Haven Hospital

Question: What hospital in New Haven provides notable cardiac emergency care? 
Answer: Hospital of Saint Raphael

Question: How many pavilions comprise Yale -- New Haven Hospital?
Answer: four

Question: What is the mental health facility is located in New Haven?
Answer: Connecticut Mental Health Center

Question: How many pavilion are part of New Haven Hospital?
Answer: four pavilions

Question: What hospital is located nearby a working class district within the city?
Answer: Hill Health Center,

Question: What is the hospital located north of New Haven in Meriden?
Answer: MidState Medical Center

Question: What is the name of the well known hospital specializes in young children patients?
Answer: New Haven Children's Hospital

Question: What nearby city would you go to for war related injuries?
Answer: West Haven
New_Haven,_Connecticut

Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed] The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus. This multi-block site, approximately bordered by Mansfield Street, Division Street, and Shelton Avenue, is the former home of Winchester's and Olin Corporation's 45 large-scale factory buildings. Currently, sections of the site are large-scale parking lots or abandoned structures, but there is also a large remodeled and functioning area of buildings (leased primarily by a private developer) with numerous Yale employees, financial service and biotech companies.

Question: Yale and New Haven are conjointly attempting to build the area into a research hub for what two industries?
Answer: medical and biotechnology

Question: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus?
Answer: Science Park

Question: To what corporation did the multi-block site comprising Science Park formerly belong?
Answer: Winchester's and Olin

Question: In addition to Yale employees and financial services, companies in what industry can currently be found in the functioning areas Science Park?
Answer: biotech

Question: What is the name of the collaborated project between Yale University, Connecticut and New Haven city? 
Answer: Science Park

Question: The area of Science Park was originally filled with what?
Answer: 45 large-scale factory buildings

Question: Although some of the Science Park area is used by multiple institutions and groups, what remains left over Winchester's and Olin company?
Answer: parking lots or abandoned structures
New_Haven,_Connecticut

A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms.

Question: On the median strip of what road is New Haven planning to create a secondary biotechnology district?
Answer: Frontage

Question: What was originally slated to be built at the site of the proposed area for the secondary biotechnology district?
Answer: Route 34 extension

Question: What major pharmaceutical company is currently operating a drug clinic in New Haven within the new biotechnology corridor?
Answer: Pfizer

Question: What is the former SNET building in New Haven currently being converted for in the effort of attracting new medical or biotechnology firms?
Answer: lab space

Question: Where will the second planned biotechnology district located?
Answer: Frontage Road

Question: What was the former name of the place now serving as a biotech building on 300 George Street?
Answer: SNET telephone building

Question: When was the opening of first building in the second biotech district?
Answer: late 2009
New_Haven,_Connecticut

Near New Haven there is the static inverter plant of the HVDC Cross Sound Cable. There are three PureCell Model 400 fuel cells placed in the city of New Haven—one at the New Haven Public Schools and newly constructed Roberto Clemente School, one at the mixed-use 360 State Street building, and one at City Hall. According to Giovanni Zinn of the city's Office of Sustainability, each fuel cell may save the city up to $1 million in energy costs over a decade. The fuel cells were provided by ClearEdge Power, formerly UTC Power.

Question: What static inverter plant lies near New Haven? 
Answer: HVDC Cross Sound Cable

Question: How many PureCell Model 400 fuel cells can be found in New Haven?
Answer: three

Question: How much money is each PureCell Model 400 fuel cell projected to save the city of New Haven in energy costs over the course of a decade?
Answer: $1 million

Question: What company provided New Haven with the fuel cells currently in place throughout the city? 
Answer: ClearEdge Power

Question: The Cross Sound Cable company has what sort of structure located near New Haven?
Answer: static inverter plant

Question: How many Model 400 fuel cell lies within New Haven?
Answer: three

Question: What was the former name of the company that provided the fuel cells to the city?
Answer: UTC Power

Question: In terms of budget, what is the estimated savings from using the fuel cell system?
Answer: $1 million in energy costs
New_Haven,_Connecticut

New Haven has been depicted in a number of movies. Scenes in the film All About Eve (1950) are set at the Taft Hotel (now Taft Apartments) on the corner of College and Chapel streets, and the history of New Haven theaters as Broadway "tryouts" is depicted in the Fred Astaire film The Band Wagon (1953). The city was fictionally portrayed in the Steven Spielberg movie Amistad (1997) concerning the events around the mutiny trial of that ship's rebelling captives. New Haven was also fictionalized in the movie The Skulls (2000), which focused on conspiracy theories surrounding the real-life Skull and Bones secret society which is located in New Haven.

Question: At what former lodging facility in New Haven were scenes from the 1950's classic, All About Eve, filmed?
Answer: Taft Hotel

Question: What Fred Astaire film depicts the reported history of New Haven theaters as "tryouts" for Broadway?
Answer: The Band Wagon

Question: What Spielberg movie provided a fictional account of the slave ship mutiny trials that took place in New Haven?
Answer: Amistad

Question: What movie produced in 2000 investigated conspiracy theories surrounding the notorious Skull and Bone Society in New Haven? 
Answer: The Skulls

Question: What is currently located at the site of the old Taft Hotel in New Haven?
Answer: Taft Apartments

Question: What was the name of the movie that once film in the corner of College and Chapel streets?
Answer: All About Eve (1950)

Question: The fim Amistad uses references to New Haven in the movie, who was the director of Amistad?
Answer: Steven Spielberg

Question: New Haven was feature in what movie regarding secret society and conspiracy theories? 
Answer: The Skulls (2000)
New_Haven,_Connecticut

Several recent movies have been filmed in New Haven, including Mona Lisa Smile (2003), with Julia Roberts, The Life Before Her Eyes (2007), with Uma Thurman, and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Cate Blanchett and Shia LaBeouf. The filming of Crystal Skull involved an extensive chase sequence through the streets of New Haven. Several downtown streets were closed to traffic and received a "makeover" to look like streets of 1957, when the film is set. 500 locals were cast as extras for the film. In Everybody's Fine (2009), Robert De Niro has a close encounter in what is supposed to be the Denver train station; the scene was filmed in New Haven's Union Station.

Question: What 2003 movie featuring Julia Roberts was filmed in New Haven?
Answer: Mona Lisa Smile

Question: What Spielberg franchise was filmed in New Haven in 2008?
Answer: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull

Question: What year were the streets of downtown New Haven redesigned to resemble for the filming of the Crystal Skull?
Answer: 1957

Question: How many New Haven locals were cast as extras throughout filming of the Crystal Skull?
Answer: 500

Question: In what New Haven landmark was the 2009 Robert De Niro movie, Everybody's Fine, filmed?
Answer: Union Station

Question: What was the name of popular movie film in New Haven featuring Julia Roberts?
Answer: Mona Lisa Smile (2003)

Question: The recent Indiana Jones movie feature how many of the local citizen in film?
Answer: 500

Question: Union Station was as a part of a set on a film, what was the name of the movie?
Answer: Everybody's Fine (2009)
New_Haven,_Connecticut

New Haven is repeatedly referenced by Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary classic The Great Gatsby, as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns, a character from The Simpsons television show. A fictional native of New Haven is Alex Welch from the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Icelandic Flock. The TV show Gilmore Girls is set (but not filmed) in New Haven and at Yale University, as are scenes in the film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008).

Question: In what Fitzgerald classic does the fictional protagonist make repeated references to New Haven?
Answer: The Great Gatsby

Question: Who is the fictional Yale University alumnus, and ostensible former resident of New Haven, featured on The Simpsons? 
Answer: C. Montgomery Burns

Question: What fictional New Haven resident is featured in the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Iceland Flock?
Answer: Alex Welch

Question: At what New Haven university is The Gilmore Girls hypothetically set, at least in part? 
Answer: Yale

Question: The city of New Haven was often referenced several time by a character in a very popular novel which name was?
Answer: The Great Gatsby

Question: The Simpson has a character that was set to graduated from Yale University, can you guess his name?
Answer: Montgomery Burns

Question: What relations does the television show Gilmore Girls have to New Haven city?
Answer: is set (but not filmed) in New Haven
New_Haven,_Connecticut

New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..." This was the first time a rock star had ever been arrested in concert.[citation needed] This event is portrayed in the movie The Doors (1991), starring Val Kilmer as Morrison, with a concert hall in Los Angeles used to depict the New Haven Arena.

Question: What infamous Doors frontman was once arrested in New Haven?
Answer: Jim Morrison

Question: At what venue was Jim Morrison arrested in New Haven?
Answer: New Haven Arena

Question: What Morrison song pays homage to his New Haven arrest while mentioning the town by name?
Answer: "Peace Frog"

Question: What 1991 film depicts the 1979 Morrison arrest in New Haven?
Answer: The Doors

Question: A popular 70s rock band group once played in New Haven, which result in an accident with one of it member, the man name was?
Answer: Jim Morrison

Question: What was the song sung that lead to the arrest of Morrison?
Answer: "Peace Frog"

Question: The event in 1967 later lead to inspiration of what movie in 1991? 
Answer: The Doors

Question: The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment? 
Answer: Los Angeles
Alsace

The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.

Question: When did Stadtrepublik become a part of Alsace?
Answer: 4 January 1798

Question: What years did Germany hold possession over Lorrain-Alscace?
Answer: 1871–1918

Question: Which other country had control over Alsace?
Answer: France

Question: How many times did Germany and France switched and had control of Alscace?
Answer: four times

Question: When did the Holy Roman Empire begin?

Question: When was Lorraine voted into Alsace?

Question: What was the former duchy of Alsace?

Question: How many times did Germany and the Holy Roman Empire exchange Lorraine?

Question: What is another name for Alsace?
Alsace

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.

Question: Which three territories make up the Upper Rhine?
Answer: Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss

Question: Who forced Christianity upon the Alsace people?
Answer: Clovis' Merovingian

Question: What occurred at the treaty of Verdun?
Answer: Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843

Question: In what year did Lothar past away?
Answer: 855

Question: What languages were common in the Roman Empire?

Question: When did the Alemanni conquer the Franks?

Question: Who did Alemanni ally with to defeat Clovis?

Question: Who was the leader of the Franks?

Question: When was Lothar I born?
Alsace

At about this time the surrounding areas experienced recurring fragmentation and reincorporations among a number of feudal secular and ecclesiastical lordships, a common process in the Holy Roman Empire. Alsace experienced great prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under Hohenstaufen emperors. Frederick I set up Alsace as a province (a procuratio, not a provincia) to be ruled by ministeriales, a non-noble class of civil servants. The idea was that such men would be more tractable and less likely to alienate the fief from the crown out of their own greed. The province had a single provincial court (Landgericht) and a central administration with its seat at Hagenau. Frederick II designated the Bishop of Strasbourg to administer Alsace, but the authority of the bishop was challenged by Count Rudolf of Habsburg, who received his rights from Frederick II's son Conrad IV. Strasbourg began to grow to become the most populous and commercially important town in the region. In 1262, after a long struggle with the ruling bishops, its citizens gained the status of free imperial city. A stop on the Paris-Vienna-Orient trade route, as well as a port on the Rhine route linking southern Germany and Switzerland to the Netherlands, England and Scandinavia, it became the political and economic center of the region. Cities such as Colmar and Hagenau also began to grow in economic importance and gained a kind of autonomy within the "Decapole" or "Dekapolis", a federation of ten free towns.

Question: What was considered a common practice in during the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: fragmentation and reincorporations among a number of feudal secular and ecclesiastical lordships

Question: Under who's rule did Alsace thrive under?
Answer: Hohenstaufen emperors

Question: Was was the name given to the Alsace provincinal court?
Answer: Landgericht

Question: What was the name of the route that linked Germany,Switzerland , Netherlands, and England
Answer: Paris-Vienna-Orient trade route

Question: Which other two cities also started to grow economically?
Answer: Colmar and Hagenau

Question: What emperors were responsible for the increased fragmentation?

Question: During which century did Frederick I make Alsace a province?

Question: What noble class ruled Alsace?

Question: What was the name of the central administration at Hagenau?

Question: Who questioned the authority of Count Rudolf?
Alsace

As in much of Europe, the prosperity of Alsace came to an end in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death. These hardships were blamed on Jews, leading to the pogroms of 1336 and 1339. In 1349, Jews of Alsace were accused of poisoning the wells with plague, leading to the massacre of thousands of Jews during the Strasbourg pogrom. Jews were subsequently forbidden to settle in the town. An additional natural disaster was the Rhine rift earthquake of 1356, one of Europe's worst which made ruins of Basel. Prosperity returned to Alsace under Habsburg administration during the Renaissance.

Question: About when did Alsace lose its prosperity?
Answer: 14th century

Question: Why did Alsace decline has a prospering territory?
Answer: harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death

Question: Which group of people were wrongly blamed for all the disasters that struck the region?
Answer: blamed on Jews

Question: What were the jewish people accused of in Alsace?
Answer: accused of poisoning the wells with plague

Question: When did the Rhine Rift earthquake occur?
Answer: 1356,

Question: During what year were Jews blamed for the poor harvest?

Question: What administration brought ruin to Alsace at the end of the 14th century?

Question: When was the Basel rebuilt?

Question: What earthquake occured in 1336?

Question: Who was aquitted of guilt for the Rhine rift earthquake?
Alsace

Holy Roman Empire central power had begun to decline following years of imperial adventures in Italian lands, often ceding hegemony in Western Europe to France, which had long since centralized power. France began an aggressive policy of expanding eastward, first to the rivers Rhône and Meuse, and when those borders were reached, aiming for the Rhine. In 1299, the French proposed a marriage alliance between Philip IV of France's sister Blanche and Albert I of Germany's son Rudolf, with Alsace to be the dowry; however, the deal never came off. In 1307, the town of Belfort was first chartered by the Counts of Montbéliard. During the next century, France was to be militarily shattered by the Hundred Years' War, which prevented for a time any further tendencies in this direction. After the conclusion of the war, France was again free to pursue its desire to reach the Rhine and in 1444 a French army appeared in Lorraine and Alsace. It took up winter quarters, demanded the submission of Metz and Strasbourg and launched an attack on Basel.

Question: What were the names of the first two rivers France aggressively went to while expanding eastward?
Answer: Rhône and Meuse

Question: The French proposed a marriage between which two people?
Answer: Blanche and Albert

Question: What was the name of the period when France was crushed military?
Answer: the Hundred Years' War

Question: In what year did the French reach Alsace?
Answer: 1444

Question: Who was Western Europe giving up their land to?

Question: What rivers did Italy reach first?

Question: Who was successfully wed in 1299?

Question: When was Alsace charted by the Counts?

Question: When did the French reach the Rhine?
Alsace

In 1469, following the Treaty of St. Omer, Upper Alsace was sold by Archduke Sigismund of Austria to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Although Charles was the nominal landlord, taxes were paid to Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. The latter was able to use this tax and a dynastic marriage to his advantage to gain back full control of Upper Alsace (apart from the free towns, but including Belfort) in 1477 when it became part of the demesne of the Habsburg family, who were also rulers of the empire. The town of Mulhouse joined the Swiss Confederation in 1515, where it was to remain until 1798.

Question: In what year was Upper Alsace sold to the Archduke Sigismund?
Answer: 1469

Question: Why did Frederick III use a tax and a marriage in Upper Alsace?
Answer: to gain back full control of Upper Alsace

Question: When did Mulhouse join the Swiss Confederation?
Answer: 1515

Question: What did Charles the Bold sell to Archduke Sigismund?

Question: When did Frederick III become the Holy Emperor?

Question: What is the name of one of the free towns?

Question: What did the town of Mulhouse join in 1798?

Question: When did Belfort join the Swiss Confederation?
Alsace

By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsace. As a result, Alsace was transformed into a mosaic of Catholic and Protestant territories. On the other hand, Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) to the southwest of Alsace, belonging to the Counts of Württemberg since 1397, remained a Protestant enclave in France until 1793.

Question: When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism?
Answer: 1523

Question: Who was known as a reformer in Strasbourg?
Answer: Martin Bucer

Question: What were the names given for the two groups that heavily dominated Alsace during this time?
Answer: Catholic and Protestant

Question: When was Martin Bucer born?

Question: When did Strasbourg convert to Catholicism?

Question: What is southwest of Mompelgard?

Question: What famous reformer was from Mompelgard?

Question: What was Alsace's predominant religion?
Alsace

This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France so as to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who wanted a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands. Beset by enemies and seeking to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold their Sundgau territory (mostly in Upper Alsace) to France in 1646, which had occupied it, for the sum of 1.2 million Thalers. When hostilities were concluded in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia, most of Alsace was recognized as part of France, although some towns remained independent. The treaty stipulations regarding Alsace were complex; although the French king gained sovereignty, existing rights and customs of the inhabitants were largely preserved. France continued to maintain its customs border along the Vosges mountains where it had been, leaving Alsace more economically oriented to neighbouring German-speaking lands. The German language remained in use in local administration, in schools, and at the (Lutheran) University of Strasbourg, which continued to draw students from other German-speaking lands. The 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau, by which the French king ordered the suppression of French Protestantism, was not applied in Alsace. France did endeavour to promote Catholicism; Strasbourg Cathedral, for example, which had been Lutheran from 1524 to 1681, was returned to the Catholic Church. However, compared to the rest of France, Alsace enjoyed a climate of religious tolerance.

Question: When did the Habsburgs  sell the Sundgau territory to France?
Answer: 1646

Question: How much did France pay for Sundgau?
Answer: 1.2 million Thalers

Question: In 1685 Edict Fontainebleau by way of the French King ordered what to be done?
Answer: the suppression of French Protestantism

Question: When did the Spanish conquer Alsace?

Question: How much did the Habsburgs buy Sundgau for?

Question: When was the University of Strasbourg founded?

Question: What was the name of the treaty between the French and the Germans?

Question: When was Strasbourg Cathedral built?
Alsace

The year 1789 brought the French Revolution and with it the first division of Alsace into the départements of Haut- and Bas-Rhin. Alsatians played an active role in the French Revolution. On 21 July 1789, after receiving news of the Storming of the Bastille in Paris, a crowd of people stormed the Strasbourg city hall, forcing the city administrators to flee and putting symbolically an end to the feudal system in Alsace. In 1792, Rouget de Lisle composed in Strasbourg the Revolutionary marching song "La Marseillaise" (as Marching song for the Army of the Rhine), which later became the anthem of France. "La Marseillaise" was played for the first time in April of that year in front of the mayor of Strasbourg Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich. Some of the most famous generals of the French Revolution also came from Alsace, notably Kellermann, the victor of Valmy, Kléber, who led the armies of the French Republic in Vendée and Westermann, who also fought in the Vendée.

Question: In what year did the division of Alsace take place?
Answer: 1789

Question: Which song was played for the first time in Strasbourg that would later become the French national anthem?
Answer: La Marseillaise

Question: Who led the armies of the French Republic in Vendee and Westermann?
Answer: Kellermann

Question: What department was Rouget de Lisle part of?

Question: What song did Philippe-Frederic de Dietrich compose?

Question: What was the name of the city administrator that had to flee in July 1789?

Question: Who led the crowd of people storming Strasburg city?

Question: Where did Rouget de Lisle lead the French Republic armies to victory?
Alsace

At the same time, some Alsatians were in opposition to the Jacobins and sympathetic to the invading forces of Austria and Prussia who sought to crush the nascent revolutionary republic. Many of the residents of the Sundgau made "pilgrimages" to places like Mariastein Abbey, near Basel, in Switzerland, for baptisms and weddings. When the French Revolutionary Army of the Rhine was victorious, tens of thousands fled east before it. When they were later permitted to return (in some cases not until 1799), it was often to find that their lands and homes had been confiscated. These conditions led to emigration by hundreds of families to newly vacant lands in the Russian Empire in 1803–4 and again in 1808. A poignant retelling of this event based on what Goethe had personally witnessed can be found in his long poem Hermann and Dorothea.

Question: Which two countries sought to crush the nascent republic?
Answer: Austria and Prussia

Question: What had happened to most of the people who fled Sungau during the war when they were allowed to return home?
Answer: lands and homes had been confiscated

Question: What was the name of the poem by Goethe?
Answer: Hermann and Dorothea

Question: Who was sympathetic to the Jacobins?

Question: Where did the Austrian and Prussian armies make pilgrimages to?

Question: When was the French Revolutionary Army victorious?

Question: When was Hermann and Dorothea published?

Question: How many residents made pilgrimages?
Alsace

The population grew rapidly, from 800,000 in 1814 to 914,000 in 1830 and 1,067,000 in 1846. The combination of economic and demographic factors led to hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people. Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew in numbers, with famous members such as Baron Haussmann – but also for more distant places like Russia and the Austrian Empire, to take advantage of the new opportunities offered there: Austria had conquered lands in Eastern Europe from the Ottoman Empire and offered generous terms to colonists as a way of consolidating its hold on the new territories. Many Alsatians also began to sail to the United States, settling in many areas from 1820 to 1850. In 1843 and 1844, sailing ships bringing immigrant families from Alsace arrived at the port of New York. Some settled in Illinois, many to farm or to seek success in commercial ventures: for example, the sailing ships Sully (in May 1843) and Iowa (in June 1844) brought families who set up homes in northern Illinois and northern Indiana. Some Alsatian immigrants were noted for their roles in 19th-century American economic development. Others ventured to Canada to settle in southwestern Ontario, notably Waterloo County.

Question: What was the population of Alsace in 1846?
Answer: 1,067,000

Question: What were the reasons for people to begin leaving Alsace?
Answer: hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people

Question: Between what years did Alatians begin to sail towards the United States?
Answer: 1820 to 1850

Question: What was the population of Paris in 1846?

Question: When did Baron Haussmann move to Paris?

Question: What famous Alsatian member lived in Russia?

Question: What was the name of the ship that brought Alsatians to the US in 1820?

Question: What were the settlers in Canada known for?
Alsace

By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. They were highly segregated and subject to long-standing anti-Jewish regulations. They maintained their own customs, Yiddish language, and historic traditions within the tightly-knit ghettos; they adhered to Talmudic law enforced by their rabbis. Jews were barred from most cities and instead lived in villages. They concentrated in trade, services, and especially in money lending. They financed about a third of the mortgages in Alsace. Official tolerance grew during the French Revolution, with full emancipation in 1791. However, local antisemitism also increased and Napoleon turned hostile in 1806, imposing a one-year moratorium on all debts owed to Jews.[citation needed] In the 1830-1870 era most Jews moved to the cities, where they integrated and acculturated, as antisemitism sharply declined. By 1831, the state began paying salaries to official rabbis, and in 1846 a special legal oath for Jews was discontinued. Antisemitic local riots occasionally occurred, especially during the Revolution of 1848. Merger of Alsace into Germany in 1871-1918 lessened antisemitic violence.

Question: What was the population of Alsace in 1790?
Answer: 22,500

Question: Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle?
Answer: in villages

Question: in 1791 Jews were granted what by the French?
Answer: full emancipation

Question: Which country was Alsace merged into during  1871-1918
Answer: Germany

Question: Who decreased antisemitism in 1806?

Question: What was the Jewish population in 1831?

Question: What percentage of the population was anti-Jewish in 1790?

Question: Who did Alsace separate from in 1871?

Question: What was the primary job of rabbis?
Alsace

France started the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), and was defeated by the Kingdom of Prussia and other German states. The end of the war led to the unification of Germany. Otto von Bismarck annexed Alsace and northern Lorraine to the new German Empire in 1871; unlike other members states of the German federation, which had governments of their own, the new Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine was under the sole authority of the Kaiser, administered directly by the imperial government in Berlin. Between 100,000 and 130,000 Alsatians (of a total population of about a million and a half) chose to remain French citizens and leave Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen, many of them resettling in French Algeria as Pieds-Noirs. Only in 1911 was Alsace-Lorraine granted some measure of autonomy, which was manifested also in a flag and an anthem (Elsässisches Fahnenlied). In 1913, however, the Saverne Affair (French: Incident de Saverne) showed the limits of this new tolerance of the Alsatian identity.

Question: Which country defeated the French in 1871?
Answer: Kingdom of Prussia

Question: The end of the war led to which companies unification?
Answer: Germany

Question: Who annexed Alsace to the new German Empire in 1871?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck

Question: What war did Prussia start in 1870?

Question: Who allied with France against Germany?

Question: What was the population of Lorraine?

Question: Who granted Alsace-Lorraine autonomy in 1911?

Question: What did Elsässisches Fahnenlied mean in French?