Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Slavs

In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed] In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some Finno-Ugric tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population. At the time of the Magyar migration, the present-day Hungary was inhabited by Slavs, numbering about 200,000, and by Romano-Dacians who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Magyars. In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north. In the Middle Ages, groups of Saxon ore miners settled in medieval Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria where they were Slavicized.

Question: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?
Answer: In the Western Balkans

Question: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who?
Answer: Avar invaders

Question: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who?
Answer: Germanic and Celtic

Question: The eastern Slavs intermixed with who?
Answer: Uralic and Scandinavian peoples

Question: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state?
Answer: the Rus' state

Question: What is another name for the Finnic peoples?

Question: What state did the Germanic Gepids help form?

Question: When was the Magyar migration?

Question: How many Romano-Dacians were there in the Magyar migration?

Question: What attacking tribes lived in the regions of the north?
Slavs

Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph's guards. In the 12th century, there was intensification of Slavic piracy in the Baltics. The Wendish Crusade was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147, as a part of the Northern Crusades. Niklot, pagan chief of the Slavic Obodrites, began his open resistance when Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor, invaded Slavic lands. In August 1160 Niklot was killed and German colonization (Ostsiedlung) of the Elbe-Oder region began. In Hanoverian Wendland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lusatia invaders started germanization. Early forms of germanization were described by German monks: Helmold in the manuscript Chronicon Slavorum and Adam of Bremen in Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of Lower Saxony. In Eastern Germany, around 20% of Germans have Slavic paternal ancestry. Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin.

Question: Who settled in parts of England?
Answer: Polabian Slavs (Wends)

Question: Where did Polabian Slavs (Wends) settle?
Answer: parts of England (Danelaw)

Question: Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?
Answer: Norse age Iceland

Question: What refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus?
Answer: Saqaliba

Question: Saqaliba served as what?
Answer: caliph's guards

Question: What is another name for Iceland?

Question: What name refers to the Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs?

Question: Who served as the guards of the Saqaliba?

Question: When did the Polabian Slavs settle in England?

Question: When did Niklot invade Slavic lands?
Slavs

Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians.

Question: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?
Answer: Tatars and other Turks

Question: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?
Answer: Ossetians

Question: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?
Answer: Orthodox Christians

Question: What primary religion do Turks follow?

Question: What were many early Tatars?

Question: What did the Ossetians speak?

Question: What ethnic backgrounds came from Cossacks?
Slavs

The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.

Question: Where did the Gorals reside?
Answer: southern Poland and northern Slovakia

Question: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?
Answer: Gorals

Question: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?
Answer: 14th to 17th centuries

Question: What population descended from the Vlachs?
Answer: Moravian Wallachia

Question: Who descended from the Gorals?

Question: What language did Gorals speak?

Question: When did the Gorals live in southern Poland?

Question: Where do Moravian Wallachia live?
Slavs

Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania.[better source needed]

Question: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?
Answer: the Magyar or Romanian population

Question: There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?
Answer: Romania

Question: Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country?
Answer: Bulgaria

Question: Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?
Answer: Carpathian basin

Question: Who were the Slavs in Bulgaria assimilated by?

Question: What was attractive about the Magyar?

Question: What have slavic origins in Bulgaria?

Question: What basin did most Slavs end up in?

Question: Which direction did the Romanians travel in?
Josip_Broz_Tito

Josip Broz Tito (Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито, pronounced [jǒsip brôːz tîto]; born Josip Broz; 7 May 1892[nb 1] – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, Tito was "seen by most as a benevolent dictator" due to his economic and diplomatic policies. He was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia.

Question: In what year did Josip Broz Tito die?
Answer: 1980

Question: During World War II what resistance movement did he lead?
Answer: the Partisans,

Question: For what country is Tito viewed as  unifying figure?
Answer: Yugoslavia

Question: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Egyptian leader did Tito work with?
Answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser

Question: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Indonesian leader did Tito work with?
Answer: Sukarno
Josip_Broz_Tito

Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).

Question: What ethnicity was Tito's mother?
Answer: Slovene

Question: What ethnicity was Tito's father?
Answer: Croat

Question: Who captured him during World War I?
Answer: the Imperial Russians

Question: Tito joined which unit in Omsk?
Answer: Red Guard

Question: What party in Yugoslavia did he join?
Answer: Communist Party
Josip_Broz_Tito

Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from 1943 to 1991–92. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program. Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism"). In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries. A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s. His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade, and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics. He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans.

Question: When did the second Yugoslavia start?
Answer: 1943

Question: What group did Tito found?
Answer: Cominform

Question: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?
Answer: 1951

Question: When did Yugoslavia disintegrate?
Answer: 1991
Josip_Broz_Tito

Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 – 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 – 14 January 1918), was a Slovene. His parents were married on 21 January 1891. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javeršek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905. In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak. There, he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May – Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia. Between 1911 and 1913, Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik (1911–1912, factory "Titan"), Cenkov, Munich and Mannheim, where he worked for the Benz car factory; then he went to Wiener Neustadt, Austria, and worked as a test driver for Daimler.

Question: Where was Josip Broz born?
Answer: Kumrovec

Question: In what year was Broz born?
Answer: 1892

Question: What ethnicity was Broz's father?
Answer: Croat

Question: What ethnicity was Broz's mother?
Answer: Slovene

Question: What grade did he fail?
Answer: 2nd
Josip_Broz_Tito

In the autumn of 1913, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant, serving in the 25th Croatian Regiment based in Zagreb. In May 1914, Broz won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in Budapest. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress. In January 1915, he was sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia to fight against Russia. He distinguished himself as a capable soldier, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. For his bravery in the face of the enemy, he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented. On 25 March 1915, while in Bukovina, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians.

Question: When was he conscripted into the army?
Answer: 1913

Question: What position in the army did he become after office school?
Answer: sergeant

Question: What competition did he win a silver medal in?
Answer: fencing

Question: For what crime was he arrested?
Answer: anti-war propaganda

Question: Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at?
Answer: Bukovina
Josip_Broz_Tito

After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year.

Question: How long was Broz in the hospital?
Answer: 13 months

Question: Where was Broz's work camp?
Answer: Ural Mountains

Question: What position was he selected for at work camp?
Answer: camp leader

Question: Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive?
Answer: Kirgiziya

Question: Where did Broz marry Belousova?
Answer: Omsk
Josip_Broz_Tito

In January 1920, Tito and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September. Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party. Winning numerous local elections, they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Delić for mayor. After the assassination of Milorad Drašković, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921. During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist. In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard. He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail. During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor. After his release, he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre, among them "Walter" and "Tito".

Question: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?
Answer: 59

Question: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?
Answer: Svetozar Delić

Question: Where did Broz move in 1921?
Answer: Veliko Trojstvo

Question: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?
Answer: five years

Question: Who became his ideological mentor in prison?
Answer: Moša Pijade,
Josip_Broz_Tito

In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge. He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan Đilas, Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič. In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern. He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War. In 1936, the Comintern sent "Comrade Walter" (i.e. Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow. Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY.

Question: When was Tito sent to Vienna?
Answer: 1934

Question: Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937?
Answer: Milan Gorkić

Question: Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered?
Answer: Moscow

Question: Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered?
Answer: Tito

Question: Who is known as "Comrade Walter"?
Answer: Tito
Josip_Broz_Tito

On 6 April 1941, German forces, with Hungarian and Italian assistance, launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, and Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation. On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action.

Question: When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia?
Answer: 6 April 1941

Question: Which king fled the country in 1941?
Answer: King Peter II

Question: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?
Answer: pamphlet

Question: What position was Tito appointed to in 1941 by the Central Committee?
Answer: Chief of all project national liberation military forces.

Question: In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials?
Answer: Belgrade
Josip_Broz_Tito

Despite conflicts with the rival monarchic Chetnik movement, Tito's Partisans succeeded in liberating territory, notably the "Republic of Užice". During this period, Tito held talks with Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović on 19 September and 27 October 1941. It is said that Tito ordered his forces to assist escaping Jews, and that more than 2,000 Jews fought directly for Tito.

Question: Who succeeded in liberating territory despite conflicts?
Answer: Partisans

Question: Who did the Partisans have conflicts with?
Answer: Chetnik movement

Question: Which Chetnik leader did Tito hold talks with?
Answer: Draža Mihailović

Question: Which group did Tito order his forces to assist?
Answer: escaping Jews,

Question: 2000 of what group fought directly for Tito?
Answer: Jews
Josip_Broz_Tito

On 21 December 1941, the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade (commanded by Koča Popović) and on 1 March 1942, Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade. In liberated territories, the Partisans organised People's Committees to act as civilian government. The Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) convened in Bihać on 26–27 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943. In the two sessions, the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country, deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations. In Jajce, a 67-member "presidency" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government. Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation.

Question: When did the Partisans create the First Proletarian Brigade?
Answer: 1941

Question: When did Tito create the Second Proletarian Brigade?
Answer: 1942

Question: What position was Tito named to for the National Committee of LIberation?
Answer: President

Question: Where was the 67-member "presidency" located?
Answer: Jajce

Question: How many members were in the "presidency" in Jajce?
Answer: 67
Josip_Broz_Tito

With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia.

Question: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?
Answer: Axis

Question: Who was the opponent of the Allies?
Answer: Axis

Question: Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally?
Answer: German

Question: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?
Answer: Drvar

Question: What type of assault was there in Bosnia?
Answer: airborne
Josip_Broz_Tito

After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.

Question: Who was attacking the Partisans in 1943?
Answer: Axis

Question: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?
Answer: Draža Mihailović

Question: Who was the Soviet Premier who recognized Tito?
Answer: Stalin

Question: At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin?
Answer: Tehran Conference

Question: When was the Balkan air force formed?
Answer: 1944
Josip_Broz_Tito

In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.

Question: Who was Tito considered loyal to?
Answer: Moscow

Question: Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc?
Answer: Stalin

Question: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?
Answer: Stalin

Question: Who considered Tito too independent?
Answer: Stalin

Question: Who was considered loyal to Moscow?
Answer: Tito
Josip_Broz_Tito

On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.

Question: In 1944 who called on all Yuboslavs to come together under Tito's leadership?
Answer: King Peter II

Question: With whom did Tito sign an agreement on September 28 1944?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: Who were allowed "temporary entry" into Yugoslav territory?
Answer: Soviet troops

Question: Who assisted in operations in ortheastern areas of Yugoslavia?
Answer: Red Army

Question: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?
Answer: the Partisans
Josip_Broz_Tito

In the final days of World War II in Yugoslavia, units of the Partisans were responsible for atrocities after the repatriations of Bleiburg, and accusations of culpability were later raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender. On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court.

Question: Who offered amnesty to the retreatig column? 
Answer: Tito

Question: Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war?
Answer: Tito

Question: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities?
Answer: Partisans

Question: What did Tito offer to the retreating column?
Answer: amnesty

Question: Where were possible suspects transferred to?
Answer: military court.
Josip_Broz_Tito

On 7 March 1945, the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija, DFY) was assembled in Belgrade by Josip Broz Tito, while the provisional name allowed for either a republic or monarchy. This government was headed by Tito as provisional Yugoslav Prime Minister and included representatives from the royalist government-in-exile, among others Ivan Šubašić. In accordance with the agreement between resistance leaders and the government-in-exile, post-war elections were held to determine the form of government. In November 1945, Tito's pro-republican People's Front, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, won the elections with an overwhelming majority, the vote having been boycotted by monarchists. During the period, Tito evidently enjoyed massive popular support due to being generally viewed by the populace as the liberator of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav administration in the immediate post-war period managed to unite a country that had been severely affected by ultra-nationalist upheavals and war devastation, while successfully suppressing the nationalist sentiments of the various nations in favor of tolerance, and the common Yugoslav goal. After the overwhelming electoral victory, Tito was confirmed as the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DFY. The country was soon renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) (later finally renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRY). On 29 November 1945, King Peter II was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly. The Assembly drafted a new republican constitution soon afterwards.

Question: Where was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?
Answer: Belgrade

Question: When was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?
Answer: 7 March 1945

Question: Who Where assembled the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia?
Answer: Tito

Question: Who was seen as the liberator of Yugoslavia?
Answer: Tito

Question: Who was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constitutent Assembly on November 29, 1945?
Answer: King Peter II
Josip_Broz_Tito

Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Zaštite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime. Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.

Question: What was formed as the new secret police?
Answer: The State Security Administration

Question: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?
Answer: Yugoslav intelligence

Question: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?
Answer: Catholic clergymen

Question: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?
Answer: Draža Mihailović

Question: How was Draza executed?
Answer: firing squad
Josip_Broz_Tito

Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism. Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the "Informbiro period", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states.

Question: Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
Answer: Aloysius Stepinac

Question: How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
Answer: two days

Question: What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?
Answer: Catholic Church

Question: Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?
Answer: Stepinac

Question: What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?
Answer: house-arrest
Josip_Broz_Tito

Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]

Question: Who had a leading role in liberating Yugoslavia?
Answer: Tito

Question: Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII?
Answer: Stalin

Question: Who set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party?
Answer: Soviets

Question: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?
Answer: 1945

Question: From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself?
Answer: Axis
Josip_Broz_Tito

In the immediate aftermath of World War II, there occurred several armed incidents between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Following the war, Yugoslavia acquired the Italian territory of Istria as well as the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Yugoslav leadership was looking to incorporate Trieste into the country as well, which was opposed by the Western Allies. This led to several armed incidents, notably attacks by Yugoslav fighter planes on US transport aircraft, causing bitter criticism from the west. From 1945 to 1948, at least four US aircraft were shot down.[better source needed] Stalin was opposed to these provocations, as he felt the USSR unready to face the West in open war so soon after the losses of World War II and at the time when US had operational nuclear weapons whereas USSR had yet to conduct its first test. In addition, Tito was openly supportive of the Communist side in the Greek Civil War, while Stalin kept his distance, having agreed with Churchill not to pursue Soviet interests there, although he did support the Greek communist struggle politically, as demonstrated in several assemblies of the UN Security Council. In 1948, motivated by the desire to create a strong independent economy, Tito modeled his economic development plan independently from Moscow, which resulted in a diplomatic escalation followed by a bitter exchange of letters in which Tito affirmed that

Question: What Italian territory did Yugoslavia acquire after the war?
Answer: Istria

Question: What territory did Yugoslavia leadership want to incorporate?
Answer: Trieste

Question: At least how many American aircraft were shot down between 1945 and 1948?
Answer: four

Question: Who openly supported the Communist side in the Greek Civil War?
Answer: Tito

Question: In what year did Tito model his economic development plan independently from Moscow?
Answer: 1948
Josip_Broz_Tito

The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier. On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership" of the CPY. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse; 'I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito,' Stalin remarked. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito, none of which succeeded. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:

Question: Tito did not attend the second meeting of this.
Answer: Cominform

Question: In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict?
Answer: 1949

Question: What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe?
Answer: Titoists

Question: Who made several assasination attempts on Tito?
Answer: Stalin
Josip_Broz_Tito

One significant consequence of the tension arising between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, was that Tito fought Yugoslav Stalinists with Stalin's methods. In other words, Aleksandar Ranković and the State Security Service (UBDA) employed the same inhumane methods against their opponents as Stalin did in the Soviet Union against his. Not every person accused of a political crime was convicted and nobody was sentenced to death for his or her pro-Soviet feelings. However this repression, which lasted until 1956, was marked by significant violations of human rights.

Question: Whose methods did Tito use to fight Yugoslav Stalinists?
Answer: Stalin

Question: Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA?
Answer: Ranković

Question: Until what year did the repression of the UBDA last?
Answer: 1956

Question: The work of the UBDA was due to tension between Yugoslavia and what country?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: What is another name for the UBDA?
Answer: State Security Service
Josip_Broz_Tito

Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a 'third way' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide.

Question: Which country gave Yugoslavia aid when Tito became estranged from the USSR?
Answer: US

Question: What agency distributed aid to Yugoslavia?
Answer: ECA

Question: What plan was also administered by the ECA?
Answer: Marshall Plan

Question: Which leader feared that accepting American aid meant aligning with the West?
Answer: Tito

Question: In what year did Stalin die?
Answer: 1953
Josip_Broz_Tito

The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and Tito, but also for the global development of socialism, since it was the first major split between Communist states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism to be a unified force that would eventually control the whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in the COMINFORM. This rift with the Soviet Union brought Tito much international recognition, but also triggered a period of instability often referred to as the Informbiro period. Tito's form of communism was labeled "Titoism" by Moscow, which encouraged purges against suspected "Titoites'" throughout the Eastern bloc.

Question: What name refers to the period of instability during the rift between Tito and the USSR?
Answer: Informbiro

Question: What was Tito's form of communism called?
Answer: Titoism

Question: Who encouraged purges against Titoites?
Answer: Moscow

Question: Throughout what area did purges of Titoites occur?
Answer: Eastern bloc

Question: Who became the first leader to defy Stalin's leadership?
Answer: Tito
Josip_Broz_Tito

On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about "self-management" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct social ownership of the employees. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing. However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that:

Question: In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about "self Management"?
Answer: 1950

Question: Who wrote the bill with Tito about "self management"?
Answer: Milovan Đilas

Question: Tito succeeded who as the President of Yugoslavia?
Answer: Ribar

Question: Whose invitation did Tito reject after Stalin's death?
Answer: USSR

Question: When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?
Answer: 1956
Josip_Broz_Tito

The Tito-Stalin split had large ramifications for countries outside the USSR and Yugoslavia. It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Slánský trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed. Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to conduct purges in order to discourage the spread of the idea of a "national path to socialism," which Tito espoused.

Question: How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial?
Answer: 14

Question: How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial?
Answer: 11

Question: What country had pressure put on it by Stalin to conduct purges?
Answer: Czechoslovakia

Question: Who espoused the "national path to socialism"?
Answer: Tito

Question: Who put pressure on Checkoslovakia to conduct purges?
Answer: Stalin
Josip_Broz_Tito

Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Question: Under whose leadership did Yugoslavia become a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer: Tito

Question: In what year did Tito co-found the Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer: 1961

Question: Nasser led which country in 1961?
Answer: Egypt

Question: Which Indonesian leader co-founded the Non-Aligned movement with Tito?
Answer: Nehru

Question: Who became the first Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer: Tito
Josip_Broz_Tito

Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.

Question: When did Tito first visit Emperor Haile Selassie?
Answer: 1954

Question: When did Tito last visit Emperor Selassie?
Answer: 1956

Question: What country does Emperor Selassie rule?
Answer: Ethiopia

Question: In what country does Tito have a street named in his honor?
Answer: Ethiopia

Question: Who is the Emperor of Ethiopia in 1954?
Answer: Selassie
Josip_Broz_Tito

Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries. Tito's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently, the Eastern Bloc. His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides. Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial.

Question: During what period did Tito pursue a policy of neutrality?
Answer: Cold War

Question: With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift?
Answer: Stalin

Question: What type of countries did Tito develop relations with?
Answer: developing

Question: Who had a strong belief in self-determination and was opposed to Stalin because of this?
Answer: Tito

Question: Tito had cordial relations with the United States and what other Western area?
Answer: Western European nations
Josip_Broz_Tito

Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities.

Question: Nasser was a leader of what country?
Answer: Egypt

Question: Nehru was a leader of what country?
Answer: Indian

Question: Gandhi was a leader of what country?
Answer: Indian

Question: Eisenhower was a president of what country?
Answer: U.S.

Question: Nixon was a president of what country?
Answer: U.S.
Josip_Broz_Tito

Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.

Question: When did Tito first visit India?
Answer: 1954

Question: When did Tito leave India?
Answer: 1955

Question: After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?
Answer: India

Question: Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955?
Answer: India

Question: After returning from India, Tito removed restrictions on what type of institutions?
Answer: spiritual
Josip_Broz_Tito

Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win.

Question: What country did U Nu lead?
Answer: Burma

Question: Who was the leader of Burma in 1955?
Answer: U Nu

Question: Who succeeded U Nu in Burma?
Answer: Ne Win

Question: Ne Win led what country?
Answer: Burma

Question: Who led Burma in 1959?
Answer: Ne Win
Josip_Broz_Tito

Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.

Question: What was the only Communist country allowed to have an embassy in Stroessner's Paraguay?
Answer: Yugoslavia

Question: Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where?
Answer: Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay

Question: Pinochet ruled what country?
Answer: Chile

Question: Who did Pinochet overthrow?
Answer: Allende

Question: What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?
Answer: Guatemala