Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Chicago_Cubs

Harry Caray's stamp on the team is perhaps even deeper than that of Brickhouse, although his 17-year tenure, from 1982 to 1997, was half as long. First, Caray had already become a well-known Chicago figure by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade, after having been a St Louis Cardinals icon for 25 years. Caray also had the benefit of being in the booth during the NL East title run in 1984, which was widely seen due to WGN's status as a cable-TV superstation. His trademark call of "Holy Cow!" and his enthusiastic singing of "Take me out to the ballgame" during the 7th inning stretch (as he had done with the White Sox) made Caray a fan favorite both locally and nationally.

Question: How long was Harry Caray's tenure  with the Cubs?
Answer: 17-year

Question: How did Caray become a well-known Chicago figure?
Answer: by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade

Question: How long had Caray been a St Louis Cardinals icon?
Answer: 25 years
Chicago_Cubs

Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being "under the influence." Stone disclosed in his book "Where's Harry" that most of this "arguing" was staged, and usually a ploy developed by Harry himself to add flavor to the broadcast. The Cubs still have a "guest conductor", usually a celebrity, lead the crowd in singing "Take me out to the ballgame" during the 7th inning stretch to honor Caray's memory.

Question: Who did Harry hand-pick himself?
Answer: Steve Stone

Question: Who did Caray often playfully quarrel with?
Answer: Stone

Question: Why did Caray often playfully quarrel with Stone?
Answer: over Stone's cigar

Question: What does the crowd sing during the 7th inning to honor Caray's memory?
Answer: Take me out to the ballgame
Chicago_Cubs

In 1981, after 6 decades under the Wrigley family, the Cubs were purchased by Tribune Company for $20,500,000. Tribune, owners of the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, WGN Television, WGN Radio and many other media outlets, controlled the club until December 2007, when Sam Zell completed his purchase of the entire Tribune organization and announced his intention to sell the baseball team. After a nearly two-year process which involved potential buyers such as Mark Cuban and a group led by Hank Aaron, a family trust of TD Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts won the bidding process as the 2009 season came to a close. Ultimately, the sale was unanimously approved by MLB owners and the Ricketts family took control on October 27, 2009.

Question: What company purchased the  Cubs in 1981?
Answer: Tribune Company

Question: How much did Tribune Company purchase the Cubs for?
Answer: $20,500,000

Question: How long were the Cubs ran under the Wrigley family?
Answer: 6 decades
Chicago_Cubs

"Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.

Question: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?
Answer: "Tinker to Evers to Chance"

Question: Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"?
Answer: Franklin Pierce Adams

Question: What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write? 
Answer: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon,
Chicago_Cubs

The official Cubs team mascot is a young bear cub, named Clark, described by the team's press release as a young and friendly Cub. Clark made his debut at Advocate Health Care on January 13, 2014, the same day as the press release announcing his installation as the club's first ever official physical mascot. The bear cub itself was used in the clubs since the early 1900s and was the inspiration of the Chicago Staleys changing their team's name to the Chicago Bears, due to the Cubs allowing the football team to play at Wrigley Field in the 1930s.

Question: What is the official Cubs team mascot?
Answer: a young bear cub

Question: What is the official Cubs team mascot's name?
Answer: Clark

Question: When did Clark make his debut?
Answer: January 13, 2014
Chicago_Cubs

The Cubs had no official physical mascot prior to Clark, though a man in a 'polar bear' looking outfit, called "The Bear-man" (or Beeman), which was mildly popular with the fans, paraded the stands briefly in the early 1990s. There is no record of whether or not he was just a fan in a costume or employed by the club. Through the 2013 season, there were "Cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day, but none are employed by the team. They pose for pictures with fans for tips. The most notable of these was "Billy Cub" who worked outside of the stadium until for over 6 years until July 2013, when the club asked him to stop. Billy Cub, who is played by fan John Paul Weier, had unsuccessfully petitioned the team to become the official mascot.

Question: What did "The Bear-man" wear as an outfit?
Answer: 'polar bear' looking outfit

Question: During what season were "cubbie-bear" mascots outside of Wrigley on game day?
Answer: 2013 season

Question: Who played Billy Cub?
Answer: John Paul Weier
Chicago_Cubs

Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray dubbed Wickers "Leather Lungs" for his ability to shout for hours at a time. He is not employed by the team, although the club has on two separate occasions allowed him into the broadcast booth and allow him some degree of freedom once he purchases or is given a ticket by fans to get into the games. He is largely allowed to roam the park and interact with fans by Wrigley Field security.

Question: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?
Answer: Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers

Question: What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?
Answer: idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games

Question: What did Harry Caray dub Wickers?
Answer: "Leather Lungs
Chicago_Cubs

Located in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, Wrigley Field sits on an irregular block bounded by Clark and Addison Streets and Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. The area surrounding the ballpark is typically referred to as Wrigleyville. There is a dense collection of sports bars and restaurants in the area, most with baseball inspired themes, including Sluggers, Murphy's Bleachers and The Cubby Bear. Many of the apartment buildings surrounding Wrigley Field on Waveland and Sheffield Avenues have built bleachers on their rooftops for fans to view games and other sell space for advertisement. One building on Sheffield Avenue has a sign atop its roof which says "Eamus Catuli!" which is Latin for "Let's Go Cubs!" and another chronicles the time since the last Division title, pennant, and World Series championship. The 02 denotes two years since the 2008 NL Central title, 65 years since the 1945 pennant and 102 years since the 1908 World Series championship. On game days, many residents rent out their yards and driveways to people looking for parking spots. The uniqueness of the neighborhood itself has ingrained itself into the culture of the Chicago Cubs as well as the Wrigleyville neighborhood, and has led to being used for concerts and other sporting events, such as the 2010 NHL Winter Classic between the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings, as well as a 2010 NCAA men's football game between the Northwestern Wildcats and Illinois Fighting Illini.

Question: Where is Wrigley Field located?
Answer: Chicago's Lake View neighborhood

Question: What is the area surrounding the ballpark typically referred to?
Answer: Wrigleyville

Question: What have many apartment buildings  surrounding Wrigley Field built on their rooftops?
Answer: bleachers
Chicago_Cubs

In 2013, Tom Ricketts and team president Crane Kenney unveiled plans for a five-year, $575 million privately funded renovation of Wrigley Field. Called the 1060 Project, the proposed plans included vast improvements to the stadium's facade, infrastructure, restrooms, concourses, suites, press box, bullpens, and clubhouses, as well as a 6,000-square foot jumbotron to be added in the left field bleachers, batting tunnels, a 3,000-square-foot video board in right field, and, eventually, an adjacent hotel, plaza, and office-retail complex. In previously years mostly all efforts to conduct any large-scale renovations to the field had been opposed by the city, former mayor Richard M. Daley (a staunch White Sox fan), and especially the rooftop owners.

Question: When did Tom Ricketts and Crane Kenney unveil plans for a five-year funded renovation of Wrigley Field?
Answer: 2013

Question: How much money has been funded to the renovation of Wrigley Field?
Answer: $575 million

Question: How big is the jumbotron going to be?
Answer: 6,000-square foot
Chicago_Cubs

The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Many of those fans were, and are still, students at Chicago area colleges, such as DePaul University, Loyola, Northwestern University, and Illinois-Chicago. A Broadway play, starring Joe Mantegna, Dennis Farina, Dennis Franz, and James Belushi ran for years and was based on a group of Cub fans who frequented the club's games. The group was started in 1967 by dedicated fans Ron Grousl, Tom Nall and "mad bugler" Mike Murphy, who was a sports radio host during mid days on Chicago-based WSCR AM 670 "The Score". Murphy alleges that Grousl started the Wrigley tradition of throwing back opposing teams' home run balls. The current group is headed by Derek Schaul (Derek the Five Dollar Kid). Prior to the 2006 season, they were updated, with new shops and private bar (The Batter's Eye) being added, and Bud Light bought naming rights to the bleacher section, dubbing them the Bud Light Bleachers. Bleachers at Wrigley are general admission, except during the playoffs. The bleachers have been referred to as the "World's Largest Beer Garden." A popular T-shirt (sold inside the park and licensed by the club) which says "Wrigley Bleachers" on the front and the phrase "Shut Up and Drink Your Beer" on the reverse fuels this stereotype.

Question: What nickname has been given to the fans who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field?
Answer: Bleacher Bums

Question: Who heads the current group?
Answer: Derek Schaul

Question: What did Bud Light dub the bleacher section?
Answer: the Bud Light Bleachers
Chicago_Cubs

In 1975, a group of Chicago Cubs fans based in Washington, D.C. formed the Emil Verban Society. The society is a select club of high profile Cub fans, currently headed by Illinois Senator Dick Durbin which is named for Emil Verban, who in three seasons with the Cubs in the 1940s batted .280 with 39 runs batted in and one home run. Verban was picked as the epitome of a Cub player, explains columnist George Will, because "He exemplified mediocrity under pressure, he was competent but obscure and typifying of the work ethics." Verban initially believed he was being ridiculed, but his ill feeling disappeared several years later when he was flown to Washington to meet President Ronald Reagan, also a society member, at the White House. Hillary Clinton, Jim Belushi, Joe Mantegna, Rahm Emanuel, Dick Cheney and many others have been included among its membership.

Question: What year did a group of Chicago Cubs fans form the Emil Verban Society?
Answer: 1975

Question: Where were the Emil Verban Society founders based in?
Answer: Washington, D.C

Question: Who currently heads the Emil Verban Society?
Answer: Illinois Senator Dick Durbin
Chicago_Cubs

During the summer of 1969, a Chicago studio group produced a single record called "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" whose title and lyrics incorporated the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers for the Cubs, Jack Brickhouse and Vince Lloyd. Several members of the Cubs recorded an album called Cub Power which contained a cover of the song. The song received a good deal of local airplay that summer, associating it very strongly with that bittersweet season. It was played much less frequently thereafter, although it remained an unofficial Cubs theme song for some years after.

Question: What year was the single "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" produced? 
Answer: 1969

Question: What was the name of the album several members of the cubs recorded?
Answer: Cub Power

Question: What did The Cubs Song incorporate?
Answer: the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers
Chicago_Cubs

An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008. It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of "Talkin' Baseball" (subtitled "Baseball and the Cubs") by Terry Cashman. The album was produced in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Cubs' 1908 World Series victory and contains sounds and songs of the Cubs and Wrigley Field.

Question: When was Take Me Out to a Cubs game released? 
Answer: 2008

Question: How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album?
Answer: 17 songs

Question: When was Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"?
Answer: September 21, 1997
Chicago_Cubs

The 1989 film Back to the Future Part II depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series, ending the longest championship drought in all four of the major North American professional sports leagues. In 2015, the Miami Marlins failed to make the playoffs and were able to make it to the 2015 National League Wild Card round and move on to the 2015 National League Championship Series by October 21, 2015, the date where protagonist Marty McFly traveled to the future in the film. However, it was on October 21 that the Cubs were swept by the New York Mets in the NLCS.

Question: What film depicts the Chicago Cubs defeating a baseball team from Miami in the 2015 World Series?
Answer: Back to the Future Part II

Question: What team failed to make it to the playoffs in 2015?
Answer: Miami Marlins

Question: What day were the Cubs swept by the New York Mets in the NLCS?
Answer: October 21
Korean_War

The Korean War (in South Korean Hangul: 한국전쟁, Hanja: 韓國戰爭, Hanguk Jeonjaeng, "Korean War"; in North Korean Chosungul: 조국해방전쟁, Joguk Haebang Jeonjaeng, "Fatherland Liberation War"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953)[a] was started when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with United States as the principal force, came to aid of South Korea. China, along with assistance from Soviet Union, came to aid of North Korea. The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards.

Question: In what year did the Korean War begin?
Answer: 1950

Question: What caused the start of the Korean War?
Answer: North Korea invaded South Korea

Question: What country was divided at the end of World War II?
Answer: Korea

Question: Which country aided South Korea during the war?
Answer: United States

Question: When did the Korean War end?
Answer: 27 July 1953
Korean_War

Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and—by agreement with the United States—occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently occupied the south and Japan surrendered. By 1948, two separate governments had been set up. Both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of Korea, and neither side accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces—supported by the Soviet Union and China—invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950. On that day, the United Nations Security Council recognized this North Korean act as invasion and called for an immediate ceasefire. On 27 June, the Security Council adopted S/RES/83: Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea and decided the formation and dispatch of the UN Forces in Korea. Twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the defense of South Korea, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel.

Question: What nation ruled Korea in 1910?
Answer: Japan

Question: What part of Korea did the Soviet Union occupy?
Answer: north of the 38th parallel

Question: Who occupied Korea south of the 38th parallel?
Answer: U.S. forces

Question: What United Nation's committee considered the invasion of Korea to be an act of aggression?
Answer: United Nations Security Council

Question: How many countries assisted in the defense of South Korea?
Answer: Twenty-one
Korean_War

After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior. At this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951. After these dramatic reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies.

Question: At the beginning of the conflict, where were South Korean forces pushed back to?
Answer: Pusan Perimeter

Question: In 1950, what country got involved in the war?
Answer: China

Question: How many times did the control of Seoul change?
Answer: four

Question: On land, where was the last two years of the war fought?
Answer: close to the 38th parallel

Question: What type of combat was seen for the first time in the history of war?
Answer: air-to-air combat
Korean_War

In China, the war is officially called the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (simplified Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; traditional Chinese: 抗美援朝戰爭; pinyin: Kàngměiyuáncháo zhànzhēng), although the term "Chaoxian (Korean) War" (simplified Chinese: 朝鲜战争; traditional Chinese: 朝鮮戰爭; pinyin: Cháoxiǎn zhànzhēng) is also used in unofficial contexts, along with the term "Korean Conflict" (simplified Chinese: 韩战; traditional Chinese: 韓戰; pinyin: Hán Zhàn) more commonly used in regions such as Hong Kong and Macau.

Question: In, China what is the war officially called?
Answer: War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea

Question: What did Macau and Hong Kong call the Korean War?
Answer: Korean Conflict

Question: When is the term 'Chaoxian War' used as a name for the Korean War?
Answer: unofficial contexts
Korean_War

Korea was considered to be part of the Empire of Japan as an industrialized colony along with Taiwan, and both were part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In 1937, the colonial Governor-General, General Jirō Minami, commanded the attempted cultural assimilation of Korea's 23.5 million people by banning the use and study of Korean language, literature, and culture, to be replaced with that of mandatory use and study of their Japanese counterparts. Starting in 1939, the populace was required to use Japanese names under the Sōshi-kaimei policy. Conscription of Koreans for labor in war industries began in 1939, with as many as 2 million Koreans conscripted into either the Japanese Army or into the Japanese labor force.

Question: Along with Taiwan, what empire was Korea considered to be apart of?
Answer: Empire of Japan

Question: Who was the colonial Governor-General that mandated cultural assimilation of Korea's people?
Answer: General Jirō Minami

Question: What language were the Korean people forced to learn?
Answer: Japanese

Question: What policy forced Koreans to change their names to Japanese names?
Answer: Sōshi-kaimei policy

Question: In 1939, what caused nearly 2 million Koreans to be forced into the labor force or the army?
Answer: Conscription
Korean_War

During World War II, Japan used Korea's food, livestock, and metals for their war effort. Japanese forces in Korea increased from 46,000 soldiers in 1941 to 300,000 in 1945. Japanese Korea conscripted 2.6 million forced laborers controlled with a collaborationist Korean police force; some 723,000 people were sent to work in the overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan. By 1942, Korean men were being conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army. By January 1945, Koreans made up 32% of Japan's labor force. At the end of the war, other world powers did not recognize Japanese rule in Korea and Taiwan.

Question: How many Japanese forces were in Korea in 1945?
Answer: 300,000

Question: Where were 723,000 Koreans sent to work?
Answer: overseas empire and in metropolitan Japan

Question: Who did Japan collaborate with to help control the citizens of Korea?
Answer: Korean police force

Question: By 1945, what percentage of Koreans made up the Japanese labor force?
Answer: 32%

Question: What army were Korean men conscripted into?
Answer: Imperial Japanese Army
Korean_War

On the night of 10 August in Washington, American Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III were tasked with dividing the Korean Peninsula into Soviet and U.S. occupation zones and proposed the 38th parallel. This was incorporated into America's General Order No. 1 which responded to the Japanese surrender on 15 August. Explaining the choice of the 38th parallel, Rusk observed, "even though it was further north than could be realistically reached by U.S. forces, in the event of Soviet disagreement...we felt it important to include the capital of Korea in the area of responsibility of American troops". He noted that he was "faced with the scarcity of US forces immediately available, and time and space factors, which would make it difficult to reach very far north, before Soviet troops could enter the area". As Rusk's comments indicate, the Americans doubted whether the Soviet government would agree to this. Stalin, however, maintained his wartime policy of co-operation, and on 16 August the Red Army halted at the 38th parallel for three weeks to await the arrival of U.S. forces in the south.

Question: What job were Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III given?
Answer: dividing the Korean Peninsula

Question: What two areas was Korea divided into?
Answer: Soviet and U.S. occupation zones

Question: What order was the division of Korea included in?
Answer: General Order No. 1

Question: Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel?
Answer: Stalin

Question: What was a factor in deciding where to divide the occupation zones?
Answer: the capital of Korea
Korean_War

On 8 September 1945, U.S. Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th parallel. Appointed as military governor, General Hodge directly controlled South Korea as head of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK 1945–48). He established control by restoring to power the key Japanese colonial administrators, but in the face of Korean protests he quickly reversed this decision. The USAMGIK refused to recognize the provisional government of the short-lived People's Republic of Korea (PRK) because it suspected it was communist.

Question: Who accepted Japan's surrender?
Answer: Gen. John R. Hodge

Question: What was General Hodge appointed the head of?
Answer: United States Army Military Government in Korea

Question: What government was not recognized by the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea?
Answer: People's Republic of Korea

Question: Why was the People's Republic of Korea not recognized?
Answer: it was communist

Question: Who did General Hodge restore power to, resulting in protests?
Answer: Japanese colonial administrators
Korean_War

On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan. Civil disorder spread throughout the country in what became known as the Autumn uprising. On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen. On 3 October, some 10,000 people attacked the Yeongcheon police station, killing three policemen and injuring some 40 more; elsewhere, some 20 landlords and pro-Japanese South Korean officials were killed. The USAMGIK declared martial law.

Question: What is the civil disobedience caused by the railroad worker's strike called?
Answer: the Autumn uprising

Question: When was the Daegu Uprising?
Answer: 1946

Question: How many people attacked the Yeongcheon police station?
Answer: 10,000

Question: When did the Pusasn railroad strike begin?
Answer: 23 September 1946

Question: How did the USAMGIK respond to the uprisings?
Answer: declared martial law
Korean_War

Citing the inability of the Joint Commission to make progress, the U.S. government decided to hold an election under United Nations auspices with the aim of creating an independent Korea. The Soviet authorities and the Korean Communists refused to co-operate on the grounds it would not be fair, and many South Korean politicians also boycotted it. A general election was held in the South on 10 May 1948. It was marred by terrorism and sabotage resulting in 600 deaths. North Korea held parliamentary elections three months later on 25 August.

Question: What did the Joint Commission's lack of progress cause the US government to do?
Answer: hold an election

Question: Why did the Korean Communists and the Soviets refuse to cooperate in the elections and creation of independent Korea?
Answer: it would not be fair

Question: When was the South Korean general election held?
Answer: 10 May 1948

Question: What problems did the elections face?
Answer: terrorism and sabotage

Question: Who held parliamentary elections on August 25, 1948?
Answer: North Korea
Korean_War

The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung. President Rhee's régime excluded communists and leftists from southern politics. Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government.

Question: When was South Korea's constitution created?
Answer: 1948

Question: Who was elected president of South Korea on July 20, 1948?
Answer: Syngman Rhee

Question: What year was the Republic of Korea established?
Answer: 1948

Question: Who led the Russian Koran Zone of Occupation?
Answer: Kim Il-sung

Question: What two groups were excluded from the South Korean political process?
Answer: communists and leftists
Korean_War

With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans donated 2,000 railway cars worth of matériel while thousands of Koreans served in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) during the war. North Korea also provided the Chinese Communists in Manchuria with a safe refuge for non-combatants and communications with the rest of China.

Question: Who supported the Chinese Communists during the civil war in Manchuria?
Answer: North Korean government

Question: What two groups were fighting in the Chinese Civil War?
Answer: Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists

Question: What did the Chinese Communists want?
Answer: supremacy in Manchuria

Question: What army did North Koreans serve in during the civil war?
Answer: Chinese People's Liberation Army

Question: How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists?
Answer: 2,000 railway cars worth
Korean_War

The North Korean contributions to the Chinese Communist victory were not forgotten after the creation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. As a token of gratitude, between 50,000 and 70,000 Korean veterans that served in the PLA were sent back along with their weapons, and they later played a significant role in the initial invasion of South Korea. China promised to support the North Koreans in the event of a war against South Korea. The Chinese support created a deep division between the Korean Communists, and Kim Il-sung's authority within the Communist party was challenged by the Chinese faction led by Pak Il-yu, who was later purged by Kim.

Question: What country helped North Korea invade South Korea?
Answer: China

Question: When was the People's Republic of China created?
Answer: 1949

Question: What caused a problem within the Korean Communist Party?
Answer: Chinese support

Question: Who led the faction that challenged Kim-Il-sung?
Answer: Pak Il-yu

Question: Who did China pledge to support if a conflict should occur between North and South Korea?
Answer: the North Koreans
Korean_War

After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government named the Western nations, led by the United States, as the biggest threat to its national security. Basing this judgment on China's century of humiliation beginning in the early 19th century, American support for the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, and the ideological struggles between revolutionaries and reactionaries, the Chinese leadership believed that China would become a critical battleground in the United States' crusade against Communism. As a countermeasure and to elevate China's standing among the worldwide Communist movements, the Chinese leadership adopted a foreign policy that actively promoted Communist revolutions throughout territories on China's periphery.

Question: What country did China see as a threat to the People's Republic of China?
Answer: Western nations

Question: Where was it believed that that fight against Communism would take place?
Answer: China

Question: To show their strength in the international Communist movement, what did China do?
Answer: promoted Communist revolutions

Question: Who did America support during the Chinese Civil War?
Answer: the Nationalists
Korean_War

By spring 1950, Stalin believed the strategic situation had changed. The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949; American soldiers had fully withdrawn from Korea; the Americans had not intervened to stop the communist victory in China, and Stalin calculated that the Americans would be even less willing to fight in Korea—which had seemingly much less strategic significance. The Soviets had also cracked the codes used by the US to communicate with the US embassy in Moscow, and reading these dispatches convinced Stalin that Korea did not have the importance to the US that would warrant a nuclear confrontation. Stalin began a more aggressive strategy in Asia based on these developments, including promising economic and military aid to China through the Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty.

Question: When did the Soviets first detonate a nuclear bomb?
Answer: 1949

Question: What treaty did Stalin and China enter into?
Answer: Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty

Question: What country did not prevent a Communist victory in China?
Answer: US

Question: Who was convinced that the US did was no longer interested in Korea?
Answer: Stalin

Question: Where did Stalin engage in an aggressive political strategy?
Answer: Asia
Korean_War

In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated.

Question: Who had to agree to send reinforcements for Stalin to give permission for the invasion of Korea?
Answer: Mao

Question: Who did the Soviets not want to engage in conflict?
Answer: the Americans

Question: What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion?
Answer: the Americans would intervene

Question: Who needed Soviet financial and military aid?
Answer: China

Question: What did Mao's assistance allow North Korea to accelerate?
Answer: preparations for war
Korean_War

Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group. These generals completed the plans for the attack by May. The original plans called for a skirmish to be initiated in the Ongjin Peninsula on the west coast of Korea. The North Koreans would then launch a "counterattack" that would capture Seoul and encircle and destroy the South Korean army. The final stage would involve destroying South Korean government remnants, capturing the rest of South Korea, including the ports.

Question: Who did the Soviets send to North Korea?
Answer: Soviet generals

Question: Where did the conflict in South Korea begin?
Answer: Ongjin Peninsula

Question: What were the generals sent to North Korea collectively called?
Answer: the Soviet Advisory Group

Question: When did the generals finalize their attack strategy?
Answer: May
Korean_War

On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.

Question: Who called for Korean elections in 1950?
Answer: Kim Il-sung

Question: Who rejected the peace gesture?
Answer: Rhee

Question: What did Kim Il-Sung do after the peace overture was rejected?
Answer: revised his war plan

Question: Why did Kim's war plan need revising?
Answer: South Korean agents had learned about the plans

Question: When did Kim Il-Sung call for the Haeju conference?
Answer: 1950
Korean_War

While these preparations were underway in the North, there were frequent clashes along the 38th parallel, especially at Kaesong and Ongjin, many initiated by the South. The Republic of Korea Army (ROK Army) was being trained by the U.S. Korean Military Advisory Group (KMAG). On the eve of war, KMAG's commander General William Lynn Roberts voiced utmost confidence in the ROK Army and boasted that any North Korean invasion would merely provide "target practice". For his part, Syngman Rhee repeatedly expressed his desire to conquer the North, including when American diplomat John Foster Dulles visited Korea on 18 June.

Question: Who primarily initiated the clashes along the 38th parallel?
Answer: the South

Question: What group trained the Republic of Korea army?
Answer: U.S. Korean Military Advisory Group

Question: What general had a lot of confidence in the Republic of Korea's army?
Answer: General William Lynn Roberts

Question: Who wanted to take over North Korea?
Answer: Syngman Rhee

Question: Who was the diplomat that visited Korea?
Answer: John Foster Dulles
Korean_War

At dawn on Sunday, 25 June 1950, the Korean People's Army crossed the 38th parallel behind artillery fire. The KPA justified its assault with the claim that ROK troops had attacked first, and that they were aiming to arrest and execute the "bandit traitor Syngman Rhee". Fighting began on the strategic Ongjin peninsula in the west. There were initial South Korean claims that they had captured the city of Haeju, and this sequence of events has led some scholars to argue that the South Koreans actually fired first.

Question: Who provoked a conflict by crossing the 38th parallel?
Answer: Korean People's Army

Question: Where did the fighting begin?
Answer: Ongjin peninsula

Question: Who claimed to have taken control of Haeju?
Answer: the South Koreans

Question: Who questioned the claim that South Korean did not provoke the KPA?
Answer: scholars

Question: Who was the Korean People's Army trying to execute?
Answer: Syngman Rhee
Korean_War

On 27 June, Rhee evacuated from Seoul with some of the government. On 28 June, at 2 am, the South Korean Army blew up the highway bridge across the Han River in an attempt to stop the North Korean army. The bridge was detonated while 4,000 refugees were crossing the bridge, and hundreds were killed. Destroying the bridge also trapped many South Korean military units north of the Han River. In spite of such desperate measures, Seoul fell that same day. A number of South Korean National Assemblymen remained in Seoul when it fell, and forty-eight subsequently pledged allegiance to the North.

Question: Who, along with members of the South Korean government, fled South Korea?
Answer: Rhee

Question: What bridge were refugees attempting to cross when it was blown up by the South Korean Army?
Answer: Han River

Question: How many South Korean National Assemblyman pledged their allegiance to Seoul?
Answer: forty-eight

Question: What did South Korea do to cause members of the South Korean military unit to become trapped near the Han River?
Answer: blew up the highway bridge

Question: What day was the city of Seoul captured?
Answer: 28 June
Korean_War

One facet of the changing attitude toward Korea and whether to get involved was Japan. Especially after the fall of China to the Communists, U.S. East Asian experts saw Japan as the critical counterweight to the Soviet Union and China in the region. While there was no United States policy that dealt with South Korea directly as a national interest, its proximity to Japan increased the importance of South Korea. Said Kim: "The recognition that the security of Japan required a non-hostile Korea led directly to President Truman's decision to intervene... The essential point... is that the American response to the North Korean attack stemmed from considerations of US policy toward Japan."

Question: What country was believed to provide a counterbalance to China's and the Soviet Union's involvement in Korea?
Answer: Japan

Question: Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea?
Answer: President Truman

Question: Why was South Korea important to the US?
Answer: US policy toward Japan

Question: What affected America's response to the situation in South Korea?
Answer: US policy toward Japan
Korean_War

A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, "[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of "chief danger spots". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone.

Question: What was the Truman administration concerned about that was preventing them from getting involved in the Korean conflict?
Answer: Soviet reaction

Question: What agency approved the use of force in South Korea?
Answer: The UN Security Council

Question: Why did the US not send in ground troops after the United Nations approved the use of force?
Answer: advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power

Question: Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?
Answer: Truman

Question: What resources did the US devote to South Korea after the Security Council approved engaging in an armed conflict?
Answer: air and naval forces
Korean_War

On 25 June 1950, the United Nations Security Council unanimously condemned the North Korean invasion of the Republic of Korea, with UN Security Council Resolution 82. The Soviet Union, a veto-wielding power, had boycotted the Council meetings since January 1950, protesting that the Republic of China (Taiwan), not the People's Republic of China, held a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. After debating the matter, the Security Council, on 27 June 1950, published Resolution 83 recommending member states provide military assistance to the Republic of Korea. On 27 June President Truman ordered U.S. air and sea forces to help the South Korean regime. On 4 July the Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister accused the United States of starting armed intervention on behalf of South Korea.

Question: Who condemned the actions of North Korea?
Answer: United Nations Security Council

Question: Which permanent member of the UN Security Council boycotted council meetings in protest of Taiwan's seat in the United Nations?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: What resolution encouraged Security Council Members to send military assistance to the Republic of Korea?
Answer: Resolution 83

Question: Who accused the United States of beginning an armed intervention in South Korea?
Answer: the Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister

Question: What did UN Security Council Resolution 82 accomplish?
Answer: condemned the North Korean invasion of the Republic of Korea
Korean_War

The Soviet Union challenged the legitimacy of the war for several reasons. The ROK Army intelligence upon which Resolution 83 was based came from U.S. Intelligence; North Korea was not invited as a sitting temporary member of the UN, which violated UN Charter Article 32; and the Korean conflict was beyond the UN Charter's scope, because the initial north–south border fighting was classed as a civil war. Because the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council at the time, legal scholars posited that deciding upon an action of this type required the unanimous vote of the five permanent members.

Question: What country challenged the legitimacy of the Korean War?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: Where did the intelligence information that led to the passage of Resolution 83 come from?
Answer: U.S. Intelligence

Question: What type of vote is required for the Security Council to commit to military action in Korea.
Answer: unanimous vote

Question: How many permanent members did the UN Security Council have?
Answer: five

Question: What charter did the US believe was violated by intervening in the Korean conflict?
Answer: UN Charter Article 32
Korean_War

By mid-1950, North Korean forces numbered between 150,000 and 200,000 troops, organized into 10 infantry divisions, one tank division, and one air force division, with 210 fighter planes and 280 tanks, who captured scheduled objectives and territory, among them Kaesong, Chuncheon, Uijeongbu, and Ongjin. Their forces included 274 T-34-85 tanks, 200 artillery pieces, 110 attack bombers, some 150 Yak fighter planes, 78 Yak trainers, and 35 reconnaissance aircraft. In addition to the invasion force, the North KPA had 114 fighters, 78 bombers, 105 T-34-85 tanks, and some 30,000 soldiers stationed in reserve in North Korea. Although each navy consisted of only several small warships, the North and South Korean navies fought in the war as sea-borne artillery for their in-country armies.

Question: How many infantry divisions did N. Korea have engaged in the war?
Answer: 10

Question: What was the maximum number of North Korean troops engaged in the war?
Answer: 200,000

Question: How many reserve soldiers did North Korea have?
Answer: 30,000

Question: What type of naval ships did the South and North Koreans have?
Answer: small warships
Korean_War

In contrast, the ROK Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped. In South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (1961), R.E. Appleman reports the ROK forces' low combat readiness as of 25 June 1950. The ROK Army had 98,000 soldiers (65,000 combat, 33,000 support), no tanks (they had been requested from the U.S. military, but requests were denied), and a 22-piece air force comprising 12 liaison-type and 10 AT6 advanced-trainer airplanes. There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan.

Question: What was the problem with the ROK Army?
Answer: Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped

Question: Who declined the ROK's request for tanks?
Answer: U.S. military

Question: In what country did the US maintain air forces and garrisons?
Answer: Japan

Question: Who reported that South Korea's military was not ready for combat?
Answer: R.E. Appleman
Korean_War

On Saturday, 24 June 1950, U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson informed President Truman that the North Koreans had invaded South Korea. Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response and agreed that the United States was obligated to act, paralleling the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in the 1930s, with the conclusion being that the mistake of appeasement must not be repeated. Several U.S. industries were mobilized to supply materials, labor, capital, production facilities, and other services necessary to support the military objectives of the Korean War. However, President Truman later acknowledged that he believed fighting the invasion was essential to the American goal of the global containment of communism as outlined in the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) (declassified in 1975):

Question: Which Secretary of State did President Truman hold discussions about how the US would respond to the invasion of South Korea?
Answer: Dean Acheson

Question: The North Korean invasion of South Korea was compared to what event?
Answer: Adolf Hitler's aggressions

Question: What did the US not want to see repeated?
Answer: the mistake of appeasement

Question: The US involvement in the Korean War was important to achieving what goal?
Answer: the global containment of communism

Question: What report discussed the United States's goals for containing communism?
Answer: National Security Council Report 68