Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
John_von_Neumann

Von Neumann entered government service (Manhattan Project) primarily because he felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism from Nazism, Fascism and Soviet Communism. During a Senate committee hearing he described his political ideology as "violently anti-communist, and much more militaristic than the norm". He was quoted in 1950 remarking, "If you say why not bomb [the Soviets] tomorrow, I say, why not today? If you say today at five o'clock, I say why not one o'clock?"

Question: Why did von Neumann join government work?
Answer: felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism

Question: How did von Neumaan describe his political ideology?
Answer: violently anti-communist, and much more militaristic than the norm

Question: What was the project that von Neumann first participated in government?
Answer: Manhattan Project
John_von_Neumann

Von Neumann was a founding figure in computing. Donald Knuth cites von Neumann as the inventor, in 1945, of the merge sort algorithm, in which the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged. Von Neumann wrote the sorting program for the EDVAC in ink, being 23 pages long; traces can still be seen on the first page of the phrase "TOP SECRET", which was written in pencil and later erased. He also worked on the philosophy of artificial intelligence with Alan Turing when the latter visited Princeton in the 1930s.

Question: Who was the inventor of the merge-sort algorithm?
Answer: Von Neumann

Question: With whom did von Neumann work on the philosophy of artificial intelligence?
Answer: Alan Turing

Question: What does a merge sort algorithm do?
Answer: the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged
John_von_Neumann

While consulting for the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania on the EDVAC project, von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. The paper, whose premature distribution nullified the patent claims of EDVAC designers J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, described a computer architecture in which the data and the program are both stored in the computer's memory in the same address space. This architecture is to this day the basis of modern computer design, unlike the earliest computers that were "programmed" using a separate memory device such as a paper tape or plugboard. Although the single-memory, stored program architecture is commonly called von Neumann architecture as a result of von Neumann's paper, the architecture's description was based on the work of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly, inventors of the ENIAC computer at the University of Pennsylvania.

Question: What nullified patent claims of EDVAC designers?
Answer: von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report

Question: What was the significance of EDVAC?
Answer: architecture is to this day the basis of modern computer design,

Question: Where was ENIAC located?
Answer: University of Pennsylvania
John_von_Neumann

John von Neumann also consulted for the ENIAC project. The electronics of the new ENIAC ran at one-sixth the speed, but this in no way degraded the ENIAC's performance, since it was still entirely I/O bound. Complicated programs could be developed and debugged in days rather than the weeks required for plugboarding the old ENIAC. Some of von Neumann's early computer programs have been preserved. The next computer that von Neumann designed was the IAS machine at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He arranged its financing, and the components were designed and built at the RCA Research Laboratory nearby. John von Neumann recommended that the IBM 701, nicknamed the defense computer include a magnetic drum. It was a faster version of the IAS machine and formed the basis for the commercially successful IBM 704.

Question: What was the speed difference with new ENIAC?
Answer: new ENIAC ran at one-sixth the speed

Question: What were advantages for programming new ENIAC?
Answer: programs could be developed and debugged in days rather than the weeks

Question: After the design of IAS, who built the computer?
Answer: RCA Research Laboratory
John_von_Neumann

Stochastic computing was first introduced in a pioneering paper by von Neumann in 1953. However, the theory could not be implemented until advances in computing of the 1960s. He also created the field of cellular automata without the aid of computers, constructing the first self-replicating automata with pencil and graph paper. The concept of a universal constructor was fleshed out in his posthumous work Theory of Self Reproducing Automata. Von Neumann proved that the most effective way of performing large-scale mining operations such as mining an entire moon or asteroid belt would be by using self-replicating spacecraft, taking advantage of their exponential growth. His rigorous mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication (of the semiotic relationship between constructor, description and that which is constructed), preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. Beginning in 1949, von Neumann's design for a self-reproducing computer program is considered the world's first computer virus, and he is considered to be the theoretical father of computer virology.

Question: When was stochastic computing introduced?
Answer: 1953

Question: How long before stochastic computing could be implemented?
Answer: advances in computing of the 1960s.

Question: When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program?
Answer: 1949

Question: What is another name for the first self reproducing computer program?
Answer: computer virus
John_von_Neumann

Von Neumann's ability to instantaneously perform complex operations in his head stunned other mathematicians. Eugene Wigner wrote that, seeing von Neumann's mind at work, "one had the impression of a perfect instrument whose gears were machined to mesh accurately to a thousandth of an inch." Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring." Israel Halperin said: "Keeping up with him was ... impossible. The feeling was you were on a tricycle chasing a racing car." Edward Teller wrote that von Neumann effortlessly outdid anybody he ever met, and said "I never could keep up with him". Teller also said "von Neumann would carry on a conversation with my 3-year-old son, and the two of them would talk as equals, and I sometimes wondered if he used the same principle when he talked to the rest of us. Most people avoid thinking if they can, some of us are addicted to thinking, but von Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else."

Question: How quickly was von Neumann able to complete math in his head?
Answer: stunned other mathematicians

Question: Were other mathematicians amazed by von Neumann?
Answer: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."

Question: Did von Neumann enjoy thinking?
Answer: Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else.
John_von_Neumann

Herman Goldstine wrote: "One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall. As far as I could tell, von Neumann was able on once reading a book or article to quote it back verbatim; moreover, he could do it years later without hesitation. He could also translate it at no diminution in speed from its original language into English. On one occasion I tested his ability by asking him to tell me how A Tale of Two Cities started. Whereupon, without any pause, he immediately began to recite the first chapter and continued until asked to stop after about ten or fifteen minutes." Ulam noted that von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one.

Question: What did Herman Goldstone write about von NEumann?
Answer: One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall.

Question: Could von Neumann recall written text much later?
Answer: he immediately began to recite the first chapter and continued until asked to stop after about ten or fifteen minutes.

Question: What did Ulam think of von Nuemann's cognitive ability?
Answer: von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one.
John_von_Neumann

"I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", said Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe of Cornell University. "It seems fair to say that if the influence of a scientist is interpreted broadly enough to include impact on fields beyond science proper, then John von Neumann was probably the most influential mathematician who ever lived," wrote Miklós Rédei in "Selected Letters." James Glimm wrote: "he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics". The mathematician Jean Dieudonné called von Neumann "the last of the great mathematicians", while Peter Lax described him as possessing the "most scintillating intellect of this century".

Question: What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability?
Answer: I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man

Question: What did James Glimm have to say about von Nuemann?
Answer: he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics

Question: What description did Peter Lax use for von Neumann?
Answer: most scintillating intellect of this century
John_von_Neumann

In 1955, von Neumann was diagnosed with what was either bone or pancreatic cancer. His mother, Margaret von Neumann, was diagnosed with cancer in 1956 and died within two weeks. John had eighteen months from diagnosis till death. In this period von Neumann returned to the Roman Catholic faith that had also been significant to his mother after the family's conversion in 1929–1930. John had earlier said to his mother, "There is probably a God. Many things are easier to explain if there is than if there isn't." Von Neumann held on to his exemplary knowledge of Latin and quoted to a deathbed visitor the declamation "Judex ergo cum sedebit," and ends "Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit securus?" (When the judge His seat hath taken ... What shall wretched I then plead? Who for me shall intercede when the righteous scarce is freed?)

Question: In what year was von Neumann diagnosed with cancer?
Answer: 1955

Question: From when his mother was diagnosed with cancer, how long did she live?
Answer: died within two weeks

Question: How long did von Neumann survive with cancer?
Answer: eighteen months
John_von_Neumann

He invited a Roman Catholic priest, Father Anselm Strittmatter, O.S.B., to visit him for consultation. Von Neumann reportedly said in explanation that Pascal had a point, referring to Pascal's Wager. Father Strittmatter administered the last sacraments to him. Some of von Neumann's friends (such as Abraham Pais and Oskar Morgenstern) said they had always believed him to be "completely agnostic." "Of this deathbed conversion, Morgenstern told Heims, "He was of course completely agnostic all his life, and then he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn't agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy." Father Strittmatter recalled that von Neumann did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death.

Question: Who administered the last sacrament to von Neumann?
Answer: Father Strittmatter

Question: Did the last sacrament ease von Neumann?
Answer: did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death

Question: Was there conflict of faith and beliefs at the end of von NEumann's life?
Answer: he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn't agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy

Question: What did Oskar Morgenstern feel about von Neumann's beliefs?
Answer: always believed him to be "completely agnostic."
PlayStation_3

The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013.

Question: What year was the PlayStation 3 released?
Answer: 2006

Question: What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3?
Answer: PlayStation Network

Question: What was the thinner version of the PS3 called?
Answer: Slim

Question: What year did the Super Slim model hit stores?
Answer: 2012

Question: How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2016?
Answer: 85 million

Question: What version of the PlayStation was released at the end of 2007?

Question: What was officially announced at E4 2005?

Question: The Hefty model of the PlayStation 3 was released when?

Question: As of March 2017, PlayStation 3 has sold how many units?

Question: What was the thinnest version of the PS4 called?

Question: What year was the PlayStation 4 released?

Question: What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4?

Question: What was the thicker version of the PS3 called?

Question: What year did the Super Slim model get cancelled?

Question: How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2015?
PlayStation_3

Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware. Video footage based on the predicted PlayStation 3 specifications was also shown (notably a Final Fantasy VII tech demo).

Question: What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in?
Answer: boomerang

Question: What event did Sony choose for the PS3 unveiling?
Answer: E3 2005

Question: What popular game was demoed in a video at the game shows?
Answer: Final Fantasy VII

Question: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3?
Answer: Tokyo Game Show

Question: What was one game Sony debuted on a modified PC so gamers could get a look?
Answer: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots

Question: Dell unveiled the PS3 to the public on what date?

Question: At what event did Sony unveil the PS4?

Question: Fantasy of the Patriots was demoed at which May 2005 event?

Question: Metal Gear Solid 3 was demoed at which May 2005 event?

Question: What shape was the Sixaxis final model in?

Question: What event did Microsoft choose for the PS3 unveiling?

Question: What popular game was demoed in just audio at the game shows?

Question: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to five months after E3?

Question: What was one game Sony debuted on a modified PS so gamers could get a look?
PlayStation_3

The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced for the console: a 20 GB model and a 60 GB model, priced at US$499 (€499) and US$599 (€599), respectively. The 60 GB model was to be the only configuration to feature an HDMI port, Wi-Fi internet, flash card readers and a chrome trim with the logo in silver. Both models were announced for a simultaneous worldwide release: November 11, 2006, for Japan and November 17, 2006, for North America and Europe.

Question: How many USB ports did the original PS3 prototype have?
Answer: six

Question: By the time the system appeared at E3 2006, how many Ethernet ports was it down to?
Answer: one

Question: Why might Sony have reduced the number of ports on the PlayStation 3 before production?
Answer: to cut costs

Question: In addition to the 20 GB model, what larger model did Sony offer?
Answer: 60 GB

Question: What color is the logo on the 60 GB PS3?
Answer: silver

Question: The initial prototype shown in March 2005 had how many HDMI ports?

Question: Sony increased the number of HDMI ports to presumably cut what?

Question: The initial prototype shown in March 2005 had how many Ethernet ports?

Question: The initial prototype shown in March 2005 had how many USB ports?

Question: How many USB ports did the original PS2 prototype have?

Question: By the time the system appeared at E3 2005, how many Ethernet ports was it down to?

Question: Why might Sony have reduced the number of ports on the PlayStation 3 after production?

Question: In addition to the 2 GB model, what larger model did Sony offer?

Question: What color is the logo on the 6 GB PS3?
PlayStation_3

On September 6, 2006, Sony announced that PAL region PlayStation 3 launch would be delayed until March 2007, because of a shortage of materials used in the Blu-ray drive. At the Tokyo Game Show on September 22, 2006, Sony announced that it would include an HDMI port on the 20 GB system, but a chrome trim, flash card readers, silver logo and Wi-Fi would not be included. Also, the launch price of the Japanese 20 GB model was reduced by over 20%, and the 60 GB model was announced for an open pricing scheme in Japan. During the event, Sony showed 27 playable PS3 games running on final hardware.

Question: Which region experience a setback that pushed back the release of the PlayStation 3?
Answer: PAL

Question: What part of the system was Sony having trouble getting supplies for?
Answer: Blu-ray drive

Question: Which Japanese PS3 model got a 20%-plus price cut before hitting the market?
Answer: 20 GB model

Question: Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with an open pricing scheme?
Answer: Japan

Question: How many playable games did the PlayStation 3 by the time it arrived at the 2006 Tokyo Game Show?
Answer: 27

Question: A shortage of what delayed the PS4 launch in what region?

Question: The PS4 launch in the PAL region was delayed until what date?

Question: At the Tokyo Game Show Sony showed how many playable PS4 games?

Question: The launch price of the Japanese 60 GB model was reduced by how much?

Question: What game show took place on September 12, 2006?

Question: Which region experience a setback that moved up the release of the PlayStation 3?

Question: What part of the system was Sony having an easy time getting supplies for?

Question: Which Japanese PS3 model got a 10%-plus price cut before hitting the market?

Question: Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with a closed pricing scheme?

Question: How many playable games did the PlayStation 3 by the time it arrived at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show?
PlayStation_3

The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March. With it being a somewhat last-minute delay, some companies had taken deposits for pre-orders, at which Sony informed customers that they were eligible for full refunds or could continue the pre-order. On January 24, 2007, Sony announced that PlayStation 3 would go on sale on March 23, 2007, in Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Africa and New Zealand. The system sold about 600,000 units in its first two days. On March 7, 2007, the 60 GB PlayStation 3 launched in Singapore with a price of S$799. The console was launched in South Korea on June 16, 2007, as a single version equipped with an 80 GB hard drive and IPTV.

Question: Instead of November, for what month of the following year was the release rescheduled?
Answer: March

Question: What country had to wait until June of 2007 for their PS3?
Answer: South Korea

Question: How big was the hard drive in the single South Korean version?
Answer: 80 GB

Question: What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS3?
Answer: S$799

Question: On what date did the PlayStation 3 go on sale in Africa?
Answer: March 23, 2007

Question: What system sold about 6,000,000 units in its first two days?

Question: The 80 GB PS3 launched in Singapore when?

Question: What was the price of the 80 GB PS3 launched in Singapore?

Question: When was the 60 GB PS3 launched in South Korea?

Question: Instead of October, for what month of the following year was the release rescheduled?

Question: What country had to wait until June of 2008 for their PS3?

Question: How big was the hard drive in the single North Korean version?

Question: What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS2?

Question: On what date did the PlayStation 2 go on sale in Africa?
PlayStation_3

Following speculation that Sony was working on a 'slim' model, Sony officially announced the PS3 CECH-2000 model on August 18, 2009, at the Sony Gamescom press conference. New features included a slimmer form factor, decreased power consumption, and a quieter cooling system. It was released in major territories by September 2009. As part of the release for the slim model, the console logo ceased using the "Spider-Man font" (the same font used for the title of Sony's Spider-Man 3) and the capitalized PLAYSTATION 3. It instead reverted to a more traditional PlayStation- and PlayStation 2-like 'PlayStation 3' logo with "PS3" imprinted on the console. Along with the redesigning of the console and logo, the boot screen of all consoles changed from "Sony Computer Entertainment" to "PS3 PlayStation 3", with a new chime and the game start splash screen being dropped. The cover art and packaging of games was also changed.

Question: What was the model number of the slim version of the PlayStation 3?
Answer: CECH-2000

Question: What font was discontinued with the release of the slim model?
Answer: Spider-Man font

Question: What would customers notice about the sound of the new, improved cooling system?
Answer: quieter

Question: What did the boot screen on the game consoles read before Sony changed it to "PS3 PlayStation 3"?
Answer: "Sony Computer Entertainment"

Question: What did Sony change about the PS3 games along with the packaging in 2009?
Answer: cover art

Question: Sony announce what model on April 18, 2009?

Question: Where did Sony announce the PS4 CECH-2000?

Question: What model included increased power consumption?

Question: What model stopped using the "Batman font"?

Question: What model included a louder cooling system?

Question: What was the model number of the thick version of the PlayStation 3?

Question: What font was continued with the release of the slim model?

Question: What would customers notice about the sound of the new, improved heating system?

Question: What did the boot screen on the game consoles read after Sony changed it to "PS3 PlayStation 3"?

Question: What did Sony change about the PS3 games along with the packaging in 2008?
PlayStation_3

In September 2012 at the Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced that a new, slimmer PS3 redesign (CECH-4000) was due for release in late 2012 and that it would be available with either a 250 GB or 500 GB hard drive. Three versions Super Slim model were revealed: one with a 500 GB hard drive, a second with a 250 GB hard drive which is not available in PAL regions, and a third with a 12 GB flash storage that was only available in PAL regions. The storage of 12 GB model is upgradable with an official standalone 250 GB hard drive. A vertical stand was also released for the model. In the United Kingdom, the 500 GB model was released on September 28, 2012; and the 12 GB model was released on October 12, 2012. In the United States, the PS3 Super Slim was first released as a bundled console. The 250 GB was model was bundled with Game of the Year edition of Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception and released on September 25, 2012; and the 500 GB model was bundled with Assassin's Creed III and released on October 30, 2012. In Japan, the black colored Super Slim model was released on October 4, 2012; and the white colored Super Slim model was released on November 22, 2012. The Super Slim model is 20 percent smaller and 25 percent lighter than the Slim model and features a manual sliding disc cover instead of a motorized slot-loading disc cover of the Slim model. The white colored Super Slim model was released in the United States on January 27, 2013 as part of the Instant Game Collection Bundle. The Garnet Red and Azurite Blue colored models were launched in Japan on February 28, 2013. The Garnet Red version was released in North America on March 12, 2013 as part of the God of War: Ascension bundle with 500 GB storage and contained God of War: Ascension as well as the God of War Saga. The Azurite Blue model was released as a GameStop exclusive with 250GB storage.

Question: At what event did Sony tell everyone about the CECH-4000?
Answer: Tokyo Game Show

Question: What size was the largest hard drive available on the Super Slim PS3?
Answer: 500 GB

Question: How many versions of the CECH-4000 were made?
Answer: Three

Question: On what date was the 12 GB version of the Super Slim released in the UK?
Answer: October 12, 2012

Question: What color was the PlayStation 3 that was included in the God of War: Ascension bundle in the States?
Answer: Garnet Red

Question: At what game show was the new, slimmer PS4 redesign announced?

Question: The 5000 GB model was released in the UK when?

Question: The PS4 Super Slim was released in the what country with Uncharted 3?

Question: In Japan, the black Super Slim was released on November 22 of what year?

Question: At what event did Sony tell everyone about the CECH-3000?

Question: What size was the largest hard drive available on the Super Slim PS2?

Question: How many versions of the CECH-4000 weren't made?

Question: On what date was the 12 GB version of the Super Slim released in the US?

Question: What color was the PlayStation 3 that was included in the God of War: Ascension bundle in the UK?
PlayStation_3

PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game websites, including GameSpot and IGN, both of whom awarded it their PlayStation 3 Game of the Year award for 2006. Some titles missed the launch window and were delayed until early 2007, such as The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, F.E.A.R. and Sonic the Hedgehog. During the Japanese launch, Ridge Racer 7 was the top-selling game, while Mobile Suit Gundam: Crossfire also fared well in sales, both of which were offerings from Namco Bandai Games. PlayStation 3 launched in Europe with 24 titles, including ones that were not offered in North American and Japanese launches, such as Formula One Championship Edition, MotorStorm and Virtua Fighter 5. Resistance: Fall of Man and MotorStorm were the most successful titles of 2007, and both games subsequently received sequels in the form of Resistance 2 and MotorStorm: Pacific Rift.

Question: How many games could you buy to go with your PS3 when it launched in North America?
Answer: 14

Question: What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2006?
Answer: Resistance: Fall of Man

Question: What company developed the game Ridge Racer 7?
Answer: Namco Bandai Games

Question: What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm?
Answer: MotorStorm: Pacific Rift

Question: How many titles did the PS3 launch with in Europe?
Answer: 24

Question: PS3 launched in South America with how many titles?

Question: What was the worst-selling game launch in the US?

Question: What game was heavily criticized by many video game websites?

Question: The PS3 Game of the Year award 2006 was given to what game?

Question: During the Japanese launch, Crossfire was the top-selling what?

Question: How many games could you buy to go with your PS3 when it launched in South America?

Question: What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2016?

Question: What company developed the game Ridge Racer 6?

Question: What's the name of the prequel game to MotorStorm?

Question: How many titles did the PS2 launch with in Europe?
PlayStation_3

At E3 2007, Sony was able to show a number of their upcoming video games for PlayStation 3, including Heavenly Sword, Lair, Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Warhawk and Uncharted: Drake's Fortune; all of which were released in the third and fourth quarters of 2007. They also showed off a number of titles that were set for release in 2008 and 2009; most notably Killzone 2, Infamous, Gran Turismo 5 Prologue, LittleBigPlanet and SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs Confrontation. A number of third-party exclusives were also shown, including the highly anticipated Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, alongside other high-profile third-party titles such as Grand Theft Auto IV, Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Assassin's Creed, Devil May Cry 4 and Resident Evil 5. Two other important titles for PlayStation 3, Final Fantasy XIII and Final Fantasy Versus XIII, were shown at TGS 2007 in order to appease the Japanese market.

Question: Which Ratchet & Clank title debuted at E3 2007?
Answer: Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction

Question: What year was Warhawk released for the PlayStation 3?
Answer: 2007

Question: At what event were two new Final Fantasy games for PS3 first shown to the Japanese market?
Answer: TGS 2007

Question: What Gran Turismo game was shown in 2007 but not released until after 2007?
Answer: Gran Turismo 5 Prologue

Question: Which much anticipated third-party game with the name of a month of the year in it did Sony show at E3 2007?
Answer: Devil May Cry 4

Question: Which Uncharted title debuted at E3 2008?

Question: What year was Uncharted:Tools of Destruction released for PS3?

Question: What titles were shown at the TAS 2007?

Question: What was shown at TGS 2007 to appease the French market?

Question: Which Ratchet & Clank title debuted at E2 2007?

Question: What year was Jayhawk released for the PlayStation 3?

Question: At what event were two new Final Fantasy games for PS3 last shown to the Japanese market?

Question: What Gran Turismo game was shown in 2007 but not released until after 2008?

Question: Which much anticipated third-party game with the name of a month of the year in it did Sony show at E4 2007?
PlayStation_3

Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan. Among the titles available in the budget range include Resistance: Fall of Man, MotorStorm, Uncharted: Drakes Fortune, Rainbow Six: Vegas, Call Of Duty 3, Assassin's Creed and Ninja Gaiden Sigma. As of October 2009 Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, Devil May Cry 4, Army of Two, Battlefield: Bad Company and Midnight Club: Los Angeles have also joined the list.

Question: What's Sony's budget line of PS3 games called in Japan?
Answer: The Best

Question: If you live in Australia and want affordable PlayStation 3 games, what range would you shop for?
Answer: Platinum

Question: Which Call of Duty title does Sony include in their low-end price range?
Answer: Call Of Duty 3

Question: In what year was Devil May Cry 4 added to the budget game offerings for PS3?
Answer: 2009

Question: What words would you see in the United States or Canada on a PS3 game that would signify its lower price?
Answer: Greatest Hits

Question: Who launched luxury PS3 titles?

Question: What is known as the Platinum Hits range in the US?

Question: What Resistance title is in the PS4 budget range?

Question: What Uncharted title is in the PS4 budget range?

Question: What's Sony's budget line of PS2 games called in Japan?

Question: If you live in Australia and want affordable PlayStation 4 games, what range would you shop for?

Question: Which Call of Duty title does Sony include in their high-end price range?

Question: In what year was Devil May Cry 3 added to the budget game offerings for PS3?

Question: What words would you see in the United States or Canada on a PS3 game that would signify its higher price?
PlayStation_3

In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology. This was first demonstrated publicly on PS3 using Sony's own technology in January 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show. Journalists were shown Wipeout HD and Gran Turismo 5 Prologue in 3D as a demonstration of how the technology might work if it is implemented in the future. Firmware update 3.30 officially allowed PS3 titles to be played in 3D, requiring a compatible display for use. System software update 3.50 prepared it for 3D films. While the game itself must be programmed to take advantage of the 3D technology, titles may be patched to add in the functionality retroactively. Titles with such patches include Wipeout HD, Pain, and Super Stardust HD.

Question: What company said it would bring 3D technology to the PS3?
Answer: Blitz Games

Question: Along with Wipeout HD, what game did the press view in 3D in early 2009?
Answer: Gran Turismo 5 Prologue

Question: What version of firmware update gave the PlayStation 3 its 3D capability? 
Answer: 3.30

Question: What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to add functions not originally programmed?
Answer: patched

Question: What was the PS3 console able to play after the system software was updated to 3.50?
Answer: 3D films

Question: The CEO of Blitz Games announced in December 2008 it would bring what to PS4?

Question: Firmware update 3.33 allowed PS3 titles to be played in what?

Question: Software update 3.55 allowed the PS3 to play what?

Question: A title with a 3D patch is Super what?

Question: What company said it would bring 4D technology to the PS3?

Question: Along with Wipeout HD, what game did the press view in 3D in late 2009?

Question: What version of firmware update gave the PlayStation 3 its 4D capability?

Question: What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to remove functions not originally programmed?

Question: What was the PS3 console able to play after the system software was updated to 3.05?
PlayStation_3

PS3's hardware has also been used to build supercomputers for high-performance computing. Fixstars Solutions sells a version of Yellow Dog Linux for PlayStation 3 (originally sold by Terra Soft Solutions). RapidMind produced a stream programming package for PS3, but were acquired by Intel in 2009. Also, on January 3, 2007, Dr. Frank Mueller, Associate Professor of Computer science at NCSU, clustered 8 PS3s. Mueller commented that the 256 MB of system RAM is a limitation for this particular application and is considering attempting to retrofit more RAM. Software includes: Fedora Core 5 Linux ppc64, MPICH2, OpenMP v 2.5, GNU Compiler Collection and CellSDK 1.1. As a more cost-effective alternative to conventional supercomputers, the U.S. military has purchased clusters of PS3 units for research purposes. Retail PS3 Slim units cannot be used for supercomputing, because PS3 Slim lacks the ability to boot into a third-party OS.

Question: What operating system does Fixstars Solutions offer for the PlayStation 3?
Answer: Yellow Dog Linux

Question: What company sold Yellow Dog Linux before Fixstars Solutions?
Answer: Terra Soft Solutions

Question: What company bought RapidMind in 2009?
Answer: Intel

Question: How many PlayStation 3 consoles was Dr. Frank Mueller able to cluster together?
Answer: 8

Question: Who is buying PS3 clusters instead of supercomputers in order to save some money?
Answer: the U.S. military

Question: Whose hardware was used to build superconductors?

Question: Who produced a stream programming package for PS4?

Question: Who did RapidMind acquire in 2009?

Question: Who clustered 18 PS3s?

Question: What operating system does Fixstars Solutions offer for the PlayStation 2?

Question: What company sold Yellow Dog Linux after Fixstars Solutions?

Question: What company bought RapidMind in 2008?

Question: How many PlayStation 2 consoles was Dr. Frank Mueller able to cluster together?

Question: Who is buying PS3 clusters instead of supercomputers in order to lose some money?
PlayStation_3

PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the console's operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', which can produce resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. PlayStation 3 has 256 MB of XDR DRAM main memory and 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX.

Question: What type of microprocessor is in a PS3?
Answer: Cell

Question: What does PPE stand for?
Answer: Power Processing Element

Question: How many Synergistic Processing Elements are in a PS3's CPU?
Answer: eight

Question: How much XDR DRAM is on board a PS3?
Answer: 256 MB

Question: What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3?
Answer: Graphics processing

Question: Which PlayStaytion uses a Cell processor?

Question: The ninth SPE is disabled to improve what?

Question: Only seven on the eight SPEs are accessible to whom?

Question: PS4 has 526 MB of what kind of main memory?

Question: What type of macroprocessor is in a PS3?

Question: What doesn't PPE stand for?

Question: How many Synergistic Processing Elements are in a PS3's CUP?

Question: How much XDR BRAM is on board a PS3?

Question: What function is the NVIDIA RXS responsible for in a PlayStation 3?
PlayStation_3

At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included. Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis controller and capable of vibration forces comparable to DualShock 2. It was released in Japan on November 11, 2007; in North America on April 5, 2008; in Australia on April 24, 2008; in New Zealand on May 9, 2008; in mainland Europe on July 2, 2008, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on July 4, 2008.

Question: What did Sony name their vibrating PS3 controller?
Answer: DualShock 3

Question: At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 3 first announced?
Answer: press conference

Question: What did many people who handled the DualShock 3 say it was compared to the Sixaxis?
Answer: heavier

Question: What was the first country to be able to buy the new DualShock 3 in stores?
Answer: Japan

Question: On what date was the DualShock three released in Australia?
Answer: April 24, 2008

Question: Sony announced DualShock 4 at what game show?

Question: Sony announced a vibrating PS4 controller  at what game show?

Question: The PS4 controller was lighter than what?

Question: DualShock 4 was released in Japan on what date?

Question: What did Sony name their vibrating PS2 controller?

Question: At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 2 first announced?

Question: What did many people who handled the DualShock 2 say it was compared to the Sixaxis?

Question: What was the last country to be able to buy the new DualShock 3 in stores?

Question: On what date was the DualShock three unreleased in Australia?
PlayStation_3

The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Services category is for services like Netflix and/or if PlayTV or torne is installed; the first category in this section is "My Channels", which lets users download various streaming services, including Sony's own streaming services Crackle and PlayStation Vue. By default, the What's New section of PlayStation Network is displayed when the system starts up. PS3 includes the ability to store various master and secondary user profiles, manage and explore photos with or without a musical slide show, play music and copy audio CD tracks to an attached data storage device, play movies and video files from the hard disk drive, an optical disc (Blu-ray Disc or DVD-Video) or an optional USB mass storage or Flash card, compatibility for a USB keyboard and mouse and a web browser supporting compatible-file download function. Additionally, UPnP media will appear in the respective audio/video/photo categories if a compatible media server or DLNA server is detected on the local network. The Friends menu allows mail with emoticon and attached picture features and video chat which requires an optional PlayStation Eye or EyeToy webcam. The Network menu allows online shopping through the PlayStation Store and connectivity to PlayStation Portable via Remote Play.

Question: How is "XrossMediaBar" abbreviated?
Answer: XMB

Question: How many options categories display in the standard PS3 XrossMediaBar?
Answer: nine

Question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Vue; what's the other one called?
Answer: Crackle

Question: When you start up your PS3, what's the first section of the PS Network you see?
Answer: What's New

Question: What menu would you use to set up a video chat?
Answer: Friends

Question: What is displayed when the system shuts down?

Question: PS4 is able to store what kind of profiles?

Question: PS4 has what kind of optional storage?

Question: PS4 is compatible with what kind of keyboard?

Question: How is "XrossMediaBar" unabbreviated?

Question: How many options categories display in the standard PS4 XrossMediaBar?

Question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Rue; what's the other one called?

Question: When you start up your PS3, what's the last section of the PS Network you see?

Question: What menu would you use to set up an audio chat?
PlayStation_3

PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use. Purchased games and content from the PlayStation Network store are governed by PlayStation's Network Digital Rights Management (NDRM). The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStation 3's that have been activated using a user's PlayStation Network ID. PlayStation 3 also limits the transfer of copy protected videos downloaded from its store to other machines and states that copy protected video "may not restore correctly" following certain actions after making a backup such as downloading a new copy protected movie.

Question: What does the abbreviation "NDRM" represent?
Answer: Network Digital Rights Management

Question: How many different PS3s can one user access?
Answer: 2

Question: What identifier allows a player to activate a PlayStation 3?
Answer: PlayStation Network ID

Question: PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video?
Answer: copy protected

Question: How does PS4 limit data use?

Question: PlayStation's Network store governs purchased what?

Question: PS4 limits the transfer of what?

Question: What will restore correctly?

Question: What doesn't the abbreviation "NDRM" represent?

Question: What does the abbreviation "NERD" represent?

Question: How many same PS3s can one user access?

Question: What identifier allows a player to deactivate a PlayStation 3?

Question: PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent legal use of what type of movies or video?
PlayStation_3

Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this application is that it can organize photos into groups according to various criteria. Notable categorizations are colors, ages, or facial expressions of the people in the photos. Slideshows can be viewed with the application, along with music and playlists. The software was updated with the release of system software version 3.40 allowing users to upload and browse photos on Facebook and Picasa.

Question: What application lets PS3 users view and organize photographs?
Answer: Photo Gallery

Question: What version of PS3 contained Photo Gallery?
Answer: 2.60

Question: After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site?
Answer: Facebook

Question: Is Photo Gallery automatically or separately installed?
Answer: separately

Question: Photo Gallery includes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software?
Answer: facial expressions

Question: What allows you to view photos on PS4?

Question: Photo Gallery takes up 150 what?

Question: What application was introduced in software version 1.60?

Question: What version allows users to upload photos on Snapchat?

Question: What application lets PS3 users view and disorganize photographs?

Question: What version of PS2 contained Photo Gallery?

Question: After version 4.30, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site?

Question: Is Video Gallery automatically or separately installed?

Question: Photo Gallery excludes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software?
PlayStation_3

Since June 2009 VidZone has offered a free music video streaming service in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In October 2009, Sony Computer Entertainment and Netflix announced that the Netflix streaming service would also be available on PlayStation 3 in the United States. A paid Netflix subscription was required for the service. The service became available in November 2009. Initially users had to use a free Blu-ray disc to access the service; however, in October 2010 the requirement to use a disc to gain access was removed.

Question: In what month of 2009 did VidZone start free service to some countries?
Answer: June

Question: What year did the announcement come about Netflix becoming available on PS3 in the U.S.?
Answer: 2009

Question: What do you have to agree to with Netflix before you can use their service on PlayStation 3?
Answer: paid Netflix subscription

Question: What type of disc was initially used to connect access to Netflix for PS3?
Answer: Blu-ray

Question: When were users able to discard the disc and access Netflix directly through their PS3s?
Answer: October 2010

Question: VidZone has offered paid music video streaming service since when?

Question: Netflix has been available on PS2 since when?

Question: Which users paid for a Blu-Ray disc to access services?

Question: In October 2010, the requirement to use what was installed?

Question: In what month of 2009 did VidZone start paid service to some countries?

Question: What year did the announcement come about Netflix becoming available on PS3 in the U.N.?

Question: What do you have to disagree to with Netflix before you can use their service on PlayStation 3?

Question: What type of disc was never used to connect access to Netflix for PS3?

Question: When were users able to discard the disc and access Netflix directly through their PS4s?