Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Oklahoma_City

Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown is the principal multipurpose arena in the city which hosts concerts, NHL exhibition games, and many of the city's pro sports teams. In 2008, the Oklahoma City Thunder became the major tenant. Located nearby in Bricktown, the Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark is the home to the city's baseball team, the Dodgers. "The Brick", as it is locally known, is considered one of the finest minor league parks in the nation.[citation needed]

Question: What is the name of the downtown arena?
Answer: Chesapeake Energy Arena

Question: Which team became the main tenant of the arena in 2008?
Answer: Oklahoma City Thunder

Question: What is the name of the nearby minor league park?
Answer: Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark
Oklahoma_City

Other major sporting events include Thoroughbred and Quarter horse racing circuits at Remington Park and numerous horse shows and equine events that take place at the state fairgrounds each year. There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city.

Question: What park hosts Quarter horse racing?
Answer: Remington Park

Question: Where are equine events hosted?
Answer: state fairgrounds
Oklahoma_City

The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) has called Oklahoma City home since the 2008–09 season, when owner Clayton Bennett relocated the franchise from Seattle, Washington. The Thunder plays home games at the Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown Oklahoma City, known affectionately in the national media as 'the Peake' and 'Loud City'. The Thunder is known by several nicknames, including "OKC Thunder" and simply "OKC", and its mascot is Rumble the Bison.

Question: Who moved the Oklahoma City Thunder to Oklahoma City?
Answer: Clayton Bennett

Question: What is one of the Thunders nicknames?
Answer: OKC

Question: What is the Thunders mascot?
Answer: Bison
Oklahoma_City

After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008–09 season, the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth (8th) in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season, winning two games in the first round against the Los Angeles Lakers. In 2012, Oklahoma City made it to the NBA Finals, but lost to the Miami Heat in five games. In 2013 the Thunder reached the Western Conference semifinals without All-Star guard Russell Westbrook, who was injured in their first round series against the Houston Rockets, only to lose to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2014 Oklahoma City again reached the NBA's Western Conference Finals but eventually lost to the San Antonio Spurs in six games.

Question: What place were the Thunder in 2010 NBA playoffs?
Answer: 8th

Question: Who did the Thunder play in the finals of 2012?
Answer: Miami Heat

Question: Who did the Thunder lose to in the Western Conference finals?
Answer: San Antonio Spurs
Oklahoma_City

The Oklahoma City Thunder has been regarded by sports analysts as one of the elite franchises of the NBA's Western Conference and that of a media darling as the future of the league. Oklahoma City has earned Northwest Division titles every year since 2009 and has consistently improved its win record to 59-wins in 2014. The Thunder is led by first year head coach Billy Donovan and is anchored by several NBA superstars, including perennial All-Star point guard Russell Westbrook, 2014 MVP and four-time NBA scoring champion Kevin Durant, and Defensive Player of the Year nominee and shot-blocker Serge Ibaka.

Question: When did the Thunder start winning Northwest Division Titles?
Answer: 2009

Question: Who is the Thunders head coach?
Answer: Billy Donovan

Question: Who is the Thunders point guard?
Answer: Russell Westbrook
Oklahoma_City

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the NBA's New Orleans Hornets (now the New Orleans Pelicans) temporarily relocated to the Ford Center, playing the majority of its home games there during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons. The team became the first NBA franchise to play regular-season games in the state of Oklahoma.[citation needed] The team was known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets while playing in Oklahoma City. The team ultimately returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007–08 season. The Hornets played their final home game in Oklahoma City during the exhibition season on October 9, 2007 against the Houston Rockets.

Question: Where did the Hornets play after Hurricane Katrina?
Answer: Ford Center

Question: What team played against the Hornets in their final home game before leave Oklahoma City?
Answer: Houston Rockets
Oklahoma_City

The Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden is home to numerous natural habitats, WPA era architecture and landscaping, and hosts major touring concerts during the summer at its amphitheater. Oklahoma City also has two amusement parks, Frontier City theme park and White Water Bay water park. Frontier City is an 'Old West'-themed amusement park. The park also features a recreation of a western gunfight at the 'OK Corral' and many shops that line the "Western" town's main street. Frontier City also hosts a national concert circuit at its amphitheater during the summer. Oklahoma City also has a combination racetrack and casino open year-round, Remington Park, which hosts both Quarter horse (March – June) and Thoroughbred (August – December) seasons.

Question: Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?
Answer: Remington Park

Question: Which amusement park is western themed? 
Answer: Frontier City
Oklahoma_City

In April 2005, the Oklahoma City Skate Park at Wiley Post Park was renamed the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park to recognize Mat Hoffman, an Oklahoma City area resident and businessman that was instrumental in the design of the skate park and is a 10-time BMX World Vert champion. In March 2009, the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park was named by the National Geographic Society Travel Guide as one of the "Ten Best."

Question: Which BMX Champion had a park named after them in Oklahoma City?
Answer: Mat Hoffman

Question: When was Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park considered one of the best by National Geographic Society?
Answer: March 2009
Oklahoma_City

The city is home to several colleges and universities. Oklahoma City University, formerly known as Epworth University, was founded by the United Methodist Church on September 1, 1904 and is renowned for its performing arts, science, mass communications, business, law, and athletic programs. OCU has its main campus in the north-central section of the city, near the city's chinatown area. OCU Law is located in the Midtown district near downtown, in the old Central High School building.

Question: What was the original name of Oklahoma City University?
Answer: Epworth University

Question: When was the university founded?
Answer: September 1, 1904
Oklahoma_City

The University of Oklahoma has several institutions of higher learning in the city and metropolitan area, with OU Medicine and the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center campuses located east of downtown in the Oklahoma Health Center district, and the main campus located to the south in the suburb of Norman. The OU Medicine hosting the state's only Level-One trauma center. OU Health Sciences Center is one of the nation's largest independent medical centers, employing more than 12,000 people. OU is one of only four major universities in the nation to operate six medical schools.[clarification needed]

Question: Which district is OU Medicine campus located in?
Answer: Oklahoma Health Center district

Question: Which institution houses the Level-One trauma center?
Answer: OU Medicine

Question: Approximately how many people work in OU Health Sciences Center?
Answer: 12,000
Oklahoma_City

Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the "Furniture District" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.

Question: Which community college is the second largest in the state?
Answer: Oklahoma City Community College

Question: Which university is located in the Furniture district?
Answer: Oklahoma State University

Question: Where is Southern Nazarene University located?
Answer: Bethany

Question: Who founded the Southern Nazarene University
Answer: Church of the Nazarene
Oklahoma_City

The Oklahoman is Oklahoma City's major daily newspaper and is the most widely circulated in the state. NewsOK.com is the Oklahoman's online presence. Oklahoma Gazette is Oklahoma City's independent newsweekly, featuring such staples as local commentary, feature stories, restaurant reviews and movie listings and music and entertainment. The Journal Record is the city's daily business newspaper and okcBIZ is a monthly publication that covers business news affecting those who live and work in Central Oklahoma.

Question: Which newspaper is the most produced through the state of Oklahoma?
Answer: The Oklahoman

Question: What is the name of The Oklahoman's website?
Answer: NewsOK.com

Question: What is Oklahoma Cities newsweekly?
Answer: Oklahoma Gazette

Question: What is Oklahoma Cities daily business newspaper?
Answer: The Journal Record
Oklahoma_City

There are numerous community and international newspapers locally that cater to the city's ethnic mosaic; such as The Black Chronicle, headquartered in the Eastside, the OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times, located in Asia District, and various Hispanic community publications. The Campus is the student newspaper at Oklahoma City University. Gay publications include The Gayly Oklahoman.

Question: Which side is the Black Chronicles Headquarters?
Answer: Eastside

Question: What international newspapers is in the Asia District?
Answer: OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times

Question: What is the name of the student newspaper?
Answer: The Campus
Oklahoma_City

An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area. In addition, there is a magazine published by Back40 Design Group called The Edmond Outlook. It contains local commentary and human interest pieces direct-mailed to over 50,000 Edmond residents.

Question: What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?
Answer: Slice Magazine

Question: What is another magazine that is published in Oklahoma City?
Answer: Back40
Oklahoma_City

Oklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting. Oklahoma City's WKY Radio was the first radio station transmitting west of the Mississippi River and the third radio station in the United States. WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922. In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color. In mid-2002, WKY radio was purchased outright by Citadel Broadcasting, who was bought out by Cumulus Broadcasting in 2011. The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013).

Question: What was the third Radio Station in the US?
Answer: WKY Radio

Question: When was WKY granted a federal license?
Answer: 1921

Question: When did E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Compan buy WKY Radio?
Answer: 1928

Question: What is the current station called?
Answer: KFOR-TV
Oklahoma_City

Oklahoma City is protected by the Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD), which employs 1015 paid, professional firefighters. The current Chief of Department is G. Keith Bryant, the department is also commanded by three Deputy Chiefs, who – along with the department chief – oversee the Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus. The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions. The OKCFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit. Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter. Minimum staffing per shift is 213 personnel. The Oklahoma City Fire Department responds to over 70,000 emergency calls annually.

Question: How many  people are paid to be employed by the Oklahoma City Fire department?
Answer: 1015

Question: Who is currently the Chief of the department?
Answer: G. Keith Bryant

Question: How many firestations are there?
Answer: 37

Question: How many emergency calls are made yearly?
Answer: 70,000
Oklahoma_City

Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton).

Question: Which airport is the busiest?
Answer: Will Rogers World Airport

Question: How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?
Answer: 3.6 million

Question: What is the name of the largest military base in the nation?
Answer: Tinker Air Force Base
Oklahoma_City

METRO Transit is the city's public transit company. The main transfer terminal is located downtown at NW 5th Street and Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit maintains limited coverage of the city's main street grid using a hub-and-spoke system from the main terminal, making many journeys impractical due to the rather small number of bus routes offered and that most trips require a transfer downtown. The city has recognized that transit as a major issue for the rapidly growing and urbanizing city and has initiated several studies in recent times to improve upon the existing bus system starting with a plan known as the Fixed Guideway Study. This study identified several potential commuter transit routes from the suburbs into downtown OKC as well as feeder-line bus and/or rail routes throughout the city.

Question: What is Oklahoma Cities transit company?
Answer: METRO Transit

Question: What is the name of the plan that is being made to enhance the bus system?
Answer: Fixed Guideway Study
Oklahoma_City

On December 2009, Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3, the $777 million (7-year 1-cent tax) initiative, which will include funding (appx $130M) for an estimated 5-to-6-mile (8.0 to 9.7 km) modern streetcar in downtown Oklahoma City and the establishment of a transit hub. It is believed the streetcar would begin construction in 2014 and be in operation around 2017.

Question: When was MAPS 3 passed?
Answer: December 2009

Question: How much will MAPS 3 cost?
Answer: $777 million

Question: What year should the streetcar become operable?
Answer: 2017
Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

Question: What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?
Answer: hunter-gatherer

Question: What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?
Answer: agricultural

Question: What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?
Answer: domesticated species

Question: A hunter-gatherer is an animal who obtains food by what?

Question: Collecting wild plants and pursuing wild flowers defines what?

Question: Which societies rely mainly on undomesticated species?

Question:  A human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by bargaining is known as what?

Question: Foraging is a technique used by humans living in which society?
Hunter-gatherer

Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.

Question: What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?
Answer: Hunting and gathering

Question: What was the first way humans used to find food?
Answer: Hunting and gathering

Question: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?
Answer: invention of agriculture

Question: What are the basic types of agricultural groups?
Answer: farming or pastoralist groups

Question: What was humanity's second most successful adaptation?

Question: Following the invention of gathering, hunter-gatherers have been what?

Question: Hunting and gathering were represented by which groups?

Question: Which group has been displaced or conquered by farming?

Question: Which adaptation occupied at least 95 percent of human history?
Hunter-gatherer

Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.

Question: How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?
Answer: Only a few

Question: What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?
Answer: horticulture and/or keeping animals

Question: Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?
Answer: hunter-gatherers

Question: Besides  agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply?
Answer: keeping animals

Question: In addition to domesticated animals, how do gatherers supplement their food?
Answer: horticulture

Question: All of contemporary societies are classified as what?

Question: Which societies replace foraging with horticulture and/or keeping animals?

Question: Only a few ancient societies are classified as what?

Question: All societies supplement their foraging activity with what?

Question: How many ancient societies kept animals?
Hunter-gatherer

In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.

Question: How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?
Answer: scavenging

Question: In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?
Answer: natural causes

Question: Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?
Answer: sparsely wooded areas

Question: What type of area did early humans avoid?
Answer: dense forest

Question: Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?

Question: Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic lived where?

Question: Which population survived in densely wooded areas?

Question: Which population dispersed through areas of low primary productivity?

Question: Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic collected what?
Hunter-gatherer

According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.

Question: What is long-distance running as a food hunting-gathering technique?
Answer: persistence hunting

Question: What theory says that long-distance running drove the evolution of some human traits?
Answer: endurance running hypothesis

Question: Who still practices persistence hunting?
Answer: some hunter-gatherer groups

Question: Besides the endurance running hypothesis, what other theory of food collection is there?
Answer: scavenging hypothesis

Question: What food gathering techniques could have been used by early man at the same time?
Answer: both subsistence strategies

Question: Short-distance running was the driving evolutionary force for what?

Question: What is a method practiced by all hunter-gatherer groups in modern times?

Question: The scavenging hypothesis is still practiced by which groups?

Question: What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?
Hunter-gatherer

Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.

Question: When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering?
Answer: 1.8 million years ago

Question: What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food?
Answer: Homo erectus

Question: When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering?
Answer: 0.2 million years ago

Question: When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use?
Answer: 10,000 years ago

Question: What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period?
Answer: Neolithic Revolution

Question: What remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Paleolithic period?

Question: What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution?

Question: The Neolithic Period ended how many years ago?

Question: Which revolution spread rapidly?

Question: Which subsistence strategy started with the Neolithic Revolution?
Hunter-gatherer

Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.

Question: During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?
Answer: Middle to Upper Paleolithic

Question: How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?
Answer: 80,000 to 70,000 years ago

Question: What was the change in gathering?
Answer: a smaller selection

Question: When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?
Answer: 12,000 years ago

Question: The transition between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic period started when?

Question: In what period did all hunter-gatherers begin to specialize?

Question: The transition into the Paleolithic period is chiefly defined by what?

Question: Agriculture ended how many years ago?

Question: When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?
Hunter-gatherer

Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.

Question: In what kind of area did forest gardening start?
Answer: jungle-clad river banks

Question: In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?
Answer: foothills of monsoon regions

Question: What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?
Answer: tree and vine species

Question: What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?
Answer: identified, protected and improved

Question: What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?
Answer: eliminated

Question: What type of gardens originated in modern times?

Question: What type of gardens were located in the dry foothills of monsoon regions?

Question: Inferior foreign species were selected and incorporated where?

Question: What was being used as a food production system in all parts of the world?

Question: When families were trying to ruin their immediate environment, undesirable species were what?
Hunter-gatherer

Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]

Question: Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?
Answer: in the developing world

Question: In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?
Answer: arid regions or tropical forests

Question: What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?
Answer: settlements of agriculturalists

Question: What has Jared Diamond blamed the decline of gatherers on?
Answer: availability of wild foods

Question: What type of food animal went extict by the end of the Pleistocene era?
Answer: large mammal species

Question: What groups have continually increased in numbers?

Question: All large mammal species have gone extinct in what countries?

Question: Because of overpopulation, most large mammal species have what?

Question: All hunter-gatherer groups reside where?

Question: Competition for land use results in which societies remaining where they are?
Hunter-gatherer

As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.

Question: Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?
Answer: agricultural societies

Question: What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?
Answer: first forms of government

Question: What were the Fertile Crescent and Ancient India ?
Answer: agricultural centers

Question: What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?
Answer: agriculture-driven

Question: Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?
Answer: agricultural societies increased

Question: What were some of the second forms of government in agricultural centers?

Question: As the number and size of agricultural societies decreased, what happened?

Question: The process of fores-driven expansion led to what?

Question: The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?

Question: What type of development led to agricultural expansion?
Hunter-gatherer

As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.

Question: What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?
Answer: unsuitable for agricultural use

Question: How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?
Answer: few

Question: What do people basically rely on now?
Answer: agriculture

Question: Who lives in areas not usable for agriculture?
Answer: hunter-gatherer cultures

Question: What kind of food production is worldwide now?
Answer: reliance upon agriculture

Question: The many contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live where?

Question: Humans almost never rely on what?

Question: What cultures live in areas suitable for agricultural use?

Question: Ancient hunter-gatherer cultures lived where?

Question: How many cultures rely on agriculture?
Hunter-gatherer

Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.

Question: What is the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?
Answer: nomadic or semi-nomadic

Question: What is the permanence of hunter-gatherer settlements?
Answer: temporary

Question: What kind of building materials do they use?
Answer: impermanent

Question: What kind of natural structure do hunter-gatherers use?
Answer: rock shelters

Question: What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?
Answer: Mobile communities

Question: Few hunter-gatherers live in what kind of settlements?

Question: Permanent communities typically construct what?

Question: What communities use natural wood shelters?

Question: Which communities construct shelters using permanent building materials?

Question: Which communities do not live a nomadic or semi-nomadic life?
Hunter-gatherer

Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.

Question: What kind of area allowed a more permanent settlement?
Answer: rich environments

Question: What is the life style of the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest?
Answer: hunter-gatherer

Question: What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be?
Answer: sedentary or semi-sedentary

Question: What kind of environment is the Pacific Northwest?
Answer: rich environments

Question: What are the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest?
Answer: hunter-gatherer cultures

Question: What cultures live in barren environments?

Question: Which people lived in environments that allowed them to be nomadic?

Question: What kind of environment allowed for a nomadic existence?

Question: The peoples of the Pacific West Coast lived in what kind of environment?

Question: The peoples of the Pacific East Coast lived what kind of lifestyle?
Hunter-gatherer

Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.

Question: What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?
Answer: egalitarian

Question:  Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?
Answer: Northwest Coast of North America

Question: what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian?
Answer: African

Question: Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule?

Question: Those inhabiting the Northeast Coast of North America are what kind of of hunter-gatherers?

Question: Very few African hunter-gatherers are what?

Question: In American culture, women are roughly what?

Question: Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?
Hunter-gatherer

The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.

Question: How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?
Answer: in an evolutionary context

Question: What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?
Answer: anything but egalitarian

Question: How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?
Answer: into hierarchies

Question: What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?
Answer: alpha male

Question: Humanity's closest primate relatives are the what?

Question: Chimpanzees are similar to humans because they are what?

Question: The formation of what was a key factor in the emergence of human consciousness?

Question: The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is always what?

Question: What species is often dominated by an alpha female?
Hunter-gatherer

Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers are often grouped together based on kinship and band (or tribe) membership. Postmarital residence among hunter-gatherers tends to be matrilocal, at least initially. Young mothers can enjoy childcare support from their own mothers, who continue living nearby in the same camp. The systems of kinship and descent among human hunter-gatherers were relatively flexible, although there is evidence that early human kinship in general tended to be matrilineal.

Question: What permanent group representative do hunter-gatherers not have?
Answer: permanent leaders

Question: Initiative within the group depends upon what factor?
Answer: task being performed

Question: What group arrangement is usual in family authority?
Answer: matrilocal

Question: What is the kinship and decent system among hunter-gatherers?
Answer: matrilineal

Question: Which group has permanent leaders?

Question: Who maintains that hunter/gatherers have permanent leaders?

Question: Where is there often sexual disparity?

Question: Young mothers get no child support from whom?

Question: Which systems were relatively inflexible?
Hunter-gatherer

It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.

Question: What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?
Answer: Western values

Question: Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?
Answer: women

Question: What group members are the big game hunters?
Answer: men

Question: What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?
Answer: arrangement oppresses women

Question: How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?
Answer: childcare is collective

Question: What gave the Neanderthals the edge over Homo sapiens?

Question: It is easy to view what arrangements in the light of Eastern values?

Question: One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what?

Question: Every baby had one mother and one male carer in what society?

Question: Ancient archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was what?
Hunter-gatherer

To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta." Among the Ju'/hoansi people of Namibia, women help men track down quarry. Women in the Australian Martu also primarily hunt small animals like lizards to feed their children and maintain relations with other women.

Question: How is labor often divided in these groups?
Answer: sexual division

Question: What percentage of Aeta women hunt?
Answer: 85%

Question: What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?
Answer: 31%

Question: What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?
Answer: 17%

Question: In a majority of cases, women hunt what?

Question: Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt?

Question: The Ju'/hoansi women typically hunt in groups and with what?

Question: Among the Ju'/hoansi women of China, women help men track down what?

Question: Men in the Austrailian Martu primarily hunt small animals like what?
Hunter-gatherer

At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus of resources can be accumulated by any single member. Other characteristics Lee and DeVore proposed were flux in territorial boundaries as well as in demographic composition.

Question: At what conference did Richard Borshay speak?
Answer: Man the Hunter

Question: When was the Man the Hunter conference?
Answer: 1966

Question: Why is there a lessening of material possessions in hunting and gathering groups?
Answer: mobility

Question: What can decreased material possessions produce in a hunter-gatherer society?
Answer: egalitarianism

Question: What other characteristic is variable for these groups?
Answer: territorial boundaries

Question: A surplus of resources can be accumulated by any member in which societies?

Question: Which 1966 conference did geologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore attend?

Question: The sedentary life of nomadic hunting and gathering societies required what?

Question: At the 1973 "Man the Hunter" conference egalitarianism was suggested as what?

Question: Other characteristics proposed by Lee and DeVore were stability in territorial boundaries and what?
Hunter-gatherer

At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their "affluence" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.

Question: Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?
Answer: Marshall Sahlins

Question: When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?
Answer: 1996

Question: How long a day do people in other societies work?
Answer: 8.8 hours a day

Question: What was the title of Ross Sackett's paper in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherer lives?

Question: In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what?

Question: Data showed that hunter-gatherers enjoyed less leisure time than whom?

Question: Which group did not typically eat well?

Question: Marshall Sahlins performed analysis testing Sackett's view in what year?
Hunter-gatherer

Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."

Question: What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society?
Answer: sharing

Question: What is the basis of a hunting an gathering economy?
Answer: gift economy

Question: Hoarding of resources are important in what societies?

Question: What societies can be described as a "hoarding economy"?

Question: What is important in the numerical systems of hunter-gatherer societies?

Question: Not exchanging resources is important in which societies?

Question: Which societies can be described as a "mutual economy"?
Hunter-gatherer

Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant factor to impact hunter-gatherer tool kits. Using temperature as a proxy for risk, Collard et al.'s results suggest that environments with extreme temperatures pose a threat to hunter-gatherer systems significant enough to warrant increased variability of tools. These results support Torrence's (1989) theory that risk of failure is indeed the most important factor in determining the structure of hunter-gatherer toolkits.

Question: What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices?
Answer: temperature

Question: What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies?
Answer: variability

Question: What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment?
Answer: significant

Question: What does temperature impact on tool kits?
Answer: increased variability of tools

Question: What is Torrence's 1989 theory about that ties into tool kit variability ?
Answer: risk of failure

Question: What was found to be one of the many significant factors affecting hunter-gatherer tool kits?

Question: Environments with stable temperatures posed a risk to which systems?

Question: Risk of success is the most important factor in determining the structure of whose toolkits?

Question: Payment structure affected the variability of which societies?

Question: Torrence found temperature to be a significant factor for toolkits in what year?
Hunter-gatherer

One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31).

Question: What  does the immediate return system mean?
Answer: egalitarian

Question: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?
Answer: nonegalitarian

Question: Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?
Answer: immediate return

Question: What is the only way to divide hunter-gatherer groups?

Question: Temporary return foragers consume their food when?

Question: Kelly uses the the category "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for what?

Question: Kelly uses the the category "delayed return" hunter-gatherers for what?

Question: What type of forager stores their food within a day or two after they procure it?
Hunter-gatherer

Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples.

Question: How do modern hunters and gathers differ from early ones?
Answer: contact with modern civilization

Question: What type of conditions are not present in modern societies?
Answer: pristine

Question: Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions?
Answer: in uncontacted peoples

Question: What do modern hunter-gatherers not reflect?
Answer: Paleolithic societies

Question: Hunting-gathering was the uncommon human mode of subsistence throughout what?

Question: Hunter-gatherer cultures today represent what?

Question: Observation of ancient hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect what?

Question: Hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have almost no contact with who?

Question: What cultures represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples?
Hunter-gatherer

The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]

Question: What is hunting and gathering argued to be?
Answer: adaptive strategy

Question: What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?
Answer: environmental change

Question: What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?
Answer: transition

Question: Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?
Answer: cultural diffusion

Question: How long has this cultural diffusion been happening?
Answer: last 10,000 years

Question: The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is always a what process?

Question: It is easy to draw a clear line between what?

Question: The adaptive strategy has remained unchanged since what decade?

Question: When will hunting and gathering never be exploited?

Question: The resulting cultural infusion has occurred in the last how many years?