Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
British_Empire

Political boundaries drawn by the British did not always reflect homogeneous ethnicities or religions, contributing to conflicts in formerly colonised areas. The British Empire was also responsible for large migrations of peoples. Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland. Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities, and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Settlers in Ireland from Great Britain have left their mark in the form of divided nationalist and unionist communities in Northern Ireland. Millions of people moved to and from British colonies, with large numbers of Indians emigrating to other parts of the empire, such as Malaysia and Fiji, and Chinese people to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean. The demographics of Britain itself was changed after the Second World War owing to immigration to Britain from its former colonies.

Question: In which countries did the British Isles provide most of the founding settlers?
Answer: the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand

Question: Where did many Indians move to?
Answer: Malaysia and Fiji

Question: Many people of which ethnicity moved to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean?
Answer: Chinese

Question: When did many former colonies' citizens begin immigrating into Britain?
Answer: after the Second World War
Botany

Botany was greatly stimulated by the appearance of the first "modern" text book, Matthias Schleiden's Grundzüge der Wissenschaftlichen Botanik, published in English in 1849 as Principles of Scientific Botany. Schleiden was a microscopist and an early plant anatomist who co-founded the cell theory with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831. In 1855, Adolf Fick formulated Fick's laws that enabled the calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion in biological systems.

Question: What was the first modern text book?
Answer: Grundzüge der Wissenschaftlichen Botanik

Question: What was Schleiden's profession?
Answer: microscopist

Question: What theory did Schleiden co-found?
Answer: cell theory

Question: What do Fick's laws do?
Answer: calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion
Botany

Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem loading of sugar in C4 plants. The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has also been used to study some basic chloroplast functions. Spinach, peas, soybeans and a moss Physcomitrella patens are commonly used to study plant cell biology.

Question: Why is a plant chosen for the study of its cells?
Answer: small genomes

Question: What mechanism can be studied through chromosome sequencing?
Answer: photosynthesis

Question: What simple plant has been used to study plant cells?
Answer: red alga

Question: What common plant has been used for studying the production of sugar?
Answer: Corn
Botany

The root system and the shoot system are interdependent – the usually nonphotosynthetic root system depends on the shoot system for food, and the usually photosynthetic shoot system depends on water and minerals from the root system. Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventitious shoots or roots. Stolons and tubers are examples of shoots that can grow roots. Roots that spread out close to the surface, such as those of willows, can produce shoots and ultimately new plants. In the event that one of the systems is lost, the other can often regrow it. In fact it is possible to grow an entire plant from a single leaf, as is the case with Saintpaulia, or even a single cell – which can dedifferentiate into a callus (a mass of unspecialised cells) that can grow into a new plant. In vascular plants, the xylem and phloem are the conductive tissues that transport resources between shoots and roots. Roots are often adapted to store food such as sugars or starch, as in sugar beets and carrots.

Question: Do the roots and shoots need each other?
Answer: interdependent

Question: What do the roots get from the shoots?
Answer: food

Question: What do the shoots get from the roots?
Answer: water and minerals

Question: What are roots used for in beets and carrots?
Answer: to store food

Question: What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots?
Answer: can often regrow it
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.

Question: What is Madonna's real name?
Answer: Madonna Louise Ciccone

Question: When was Madonna born?
Answer: August 16, 1958

Question: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?
Answer: Queen of Pop

Question: Madonna became a fixture on which TV channel?
Answer: MTV

Question: Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry?
Answer: Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), and Evita (1996); the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. However, most of her other films have been panned by critics. Her other ventures include fashion design, writing children's books, and filmmaking. She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records). In 2007 she signed an unprecedented US $120 million 360 deal with Live Nation.

Question: Name a film role that Madonna acted in.
Answer: Desperately Seeking Susan

Question: Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award?
Answer: Evita

Question: Name one of Madonna's other business ventures?
Answer: fashion design

Question: What is the name of the entertainment company that Madonna founded?
Answer: Maverick

Question: Which year did Madonna sign a $120 million deal with Live Nation?
Answer: 2007
Madonna_(entertainer)

Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second best-selling female artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. According to Billboard, Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, earning US $1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990. She was ranked at number two, behind only The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart. Madonna became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility.

Question: How many records did Madonna sell worldwide?
Answer: more than 300 million

Question: Madonna is recognize as the best selling female music artiste by who?
Answer: Guinness World Records

Question: How many certified albums does Madonna have?
Answer: 64.5 million

Question: Since 1990, how much did Madonna make in her concerts?
Answer: $1.31 billion

Question: Who is one of the founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame?
Answer: Madonna
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors. Since Madonna had the same name as her mother, family members called her "Little Nonni". She has two elder brothers, Anthony (born 1956) and Martin (born 1957), and three younger siblings, Paula (born 1959), Christopher (born 1960), and Melanie (born 1962).

Question: Madonna was born to which religion?
Answer: Catholic

Question: Where were Madonna's paternal grandparents come from?
Answer: Pacentro, Italy

Question: Madonna's mother was from which ancestry?
Answer: French-Canadian

Question: What was Tony's occupation?
Answer: engineer designer

Question: What was Madonna's nickname when she was younger?
Answer: Little Nonni
Madonna_(entertainer)

Upon being confirmed in 1966, she adopted Veronica as a confirmation name. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason. Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition, and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it. Madonna later acknowledged that she had not grasped the concept of her mother dying.

Question: Which name did Madonna adopted as her confirmation name?
Answer: Veronica

Question: Which disease did her mother passed away from?
Answer: breast cancer

Question: Where was Madonna raised?
Answer: Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township

Question: What was Madonna's mother's reaction to her questioning about her illness?
Answer: cry
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades.... I wanted to be somebody." Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.

Question: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness?
Answer: paternal grandmother

Question: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?
Answer: rebelled

Question: Who did Madonna tell in an interview that as a young girl, she was lonely and always searching for something?
Answer: Vanity Fair

Question: Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?
Answer: unable to sleep unless she was near him
Madonna_(entertainer)

In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968). At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude. She attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. Madonna was known for her high grade point average, and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. She would perform cartwheels and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the monkey bars during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear.

Question: In 1966, who did Tony married?
Answer: Joan Gustafson

Question: Name one child from the union of Tony and Joan?
Answer: Mario

Question: When was Mario born?
Answer: 1968

Question: What is the name of the middle school that Madonna attended?
Answer: West Middle School

Question: Madonna achieved a name for herself in school by her unusual behavior and also for what other reason?
Answer: high grade point average
Madonna_(entertainer)

In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City. She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes, taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater. Madonna said of her move to New York, "It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done." She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists. Madonna claimed that during a late night she was returning from a rehearsal, when a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform fellatio. Madonna later commented that "the episode was a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show. I could never forget it."

Question: When did Madonna drop out of college?
Answer: 1978

Question: Which restaurant did Madonna work in New York City?
Answer: Dunkin' Donuts

Question: Where did Madonna take dance classes at in New York City?
Answer: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

Question: How much did Madonna have when she first went to NYC?
Answer: $35

Question: What did she also work as for other established artists?
Answer: backup dancer
Madonna_(entertainer)

While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.

Question: Which year was Patrick Hernandez's world tour held?
Answer: 1979

Question: Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?
Answer: Dan Gilroy

Question: What was the name of the band which Madonna and Dan Gilroy started?
Answer: Breakfast Club

Question: When did Madonna leave the Breakfast Club?
Answer: 1980 or 1981

Question: After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with?
Answer: Stephen Bray
Madonna_(entertainer)

After Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire, her debut single, "Everybody", was released in October 1982, and the second, "Burning Up", in March 1983. Both became big club hits in the United States, reaching number three on Hot Dance Club Songs chart compiled by Billboard magazine. After this success, she started developing her debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros. However, she was not happy with the completed tracks and disagreed with Lucas' production techniques, so decided to seek additional help.

Question: What was Madonna's debut single called?
Answer: Everybody

Question: When was "Everybody" released?
Answer: October 1982

Question: What was the name of the second single called?
Answer: Burning Up

Question: Who produced Madonna's debut album?
Answer: Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros

Question: Madonna's dance singles reached which number in the "Hot Dance Club Songs" by the Billboard Magazine?
Answer: three
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna moved in with boyfriend John "Jellybean" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production. Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced "Holiday", which was her third single and her first global hit. The overall sound of Madonna was dissonant and in the form of upbeat synthetic disco, using some of the new technology of the time, like the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and the OB-X synthesizer. The album was released in July 1983 and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 six months later, in 1984. It yielded two more hit singles, "Borderline" and "Lucky Star".

Question: Who was the boyfriend that Madonna moved in with?
Answer: John "Jellybean" Benitez

Question: Who remixed most of Madonna's album tracks?
Answer: Benitez

Question: Which song was Madonna's first global hit?
Answer: Holiday

Question: When was Madonna's album released?
Answer: July 1983

Question: Which number did Madonna's album peaked at the Billboard 800 six months later?
Answer: eight
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna's look and style of dressing, her performances, and her music videos influenced young girls and women. Her style became one of the female fashion trends of the 1980s. Created by stylist and jewelry designer Maripol, the look consisted of lace tops, skirts over capri pants, fishnet stockings, jewelry bearing the crucifix, bracelets, and bleached hair. Madonna achieved global recognition after the release of her second studio album, Like a Virgin, in November 1984. It topped the charts in several countries and became her first number one album on the Billboard 200. The title track, "Like a Virgin", topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for six consecutive weeks. It attracted the attention of organizations who complained that the song and its accompanying video promoted premarital sex and undermined family values, and moralists sought to have the song and video banned.

Question: Who did Madonna's look and style of dressing influence?
Answer: young girls and women

Question: When did Madonna's style become a fashion trend?
Answer: 1980s

Question: Who is the stylist and jewellery designer that created Madonna's look?
Answer: Maripol

Question: When did Madonna achieve global recognition?
Answer: November 1984

Question: How long did "Like a Virgin" stayed on the Billboard 100?
Answer: six consecutive weeks
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was "Material Girl" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.

Question: Madonna was criticized for her performance of which song in the VMA?
Answer: "Like a Virgin"

Question: What was Madonna wearing during the performance of "Like A Virgin" at the VMA?
Answer: a wedding dress

Question: Her video of "Material Girl" was an imitation of which singer's song, "Diamonds are a girl's best friend?"
Answer: Marilyn Monroe

Question: When did Madonna married Sean Penn?
Answer: on her birthday in 1985

Question: When did Madonna audition for a dance role in the show "A Chorus Line?" 
Answer: February 1984
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film. Its soundtrack contained two new singles, her U.S. number-one single, "Crazy for You" and "Gambler". She also appeared in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan in March 1985, a film which introduced the song "Into the Groove", her first number one single in the United Kingdom. Although Madonna was not the lead actress for the film, her profile was such that the movie widely became considered (and marketed) as a Madonna vehicle. The New York Times film critic Vincent Canby named it one of the ten best films of 1985.

Question: When did Madonna enter mainstream films?
Answer: February 1985

Question: What is the name of the romantic drama film that Madonna starred in?
Answer: Vision Quest

Question: When did Madonna appear in the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan?
Answer: March 1985

Question: What is the name of Madonna's two new singles?
Answer: "Crazy for You" and "Gambler"

Question: What song did the comedy Desperately Seeking Susan promote?
Answer: "Into the Groove"
Madonna_(entertainer)

Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. At that time she released two more hit singles from the album, "Angel" and "Dress You Up". In July, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna, taken in New York in 1978. She had posed for the photographs as she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session. The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained "unapologetic and defiant". The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $100,000. She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because "[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now."

Question: When was Madonna's first concert tour in North America?
Answer: Beginning in April 1985

Question: Who were the opening act for Madonna's concert The Virgin tour?
Answer: Beastie Boys

Question: When did Madonna have nude photos taken of her in New York?
Answer: 1978

Question: How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for?
Answer: up to $100,000

Question: When was the Live Aid Charity Concert held?
Answer: 1985
Madonna_(entertainer)

In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album "sound[s] as if it comes from the heart". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 100: "Live to Tell", "Papa Don't Preach" and "Open Your Heart", and two more top-five singles: "True Blue" and "La Isla Bonita". The album topped the charts in over 28 countries worldwide, an unprecedented achievement at the time, and became her best-selling studio album of her career to this date with sales of 25 million. In the same year, Madonna starred in the critically panned film Shanghai Surprise, for which she was awarded the Golden Raspberry Award for "worst actress". She made her theatrical debut in a production of David Rabe's Goose and Tom-Tom; the film and play both co-starred Penn. The next year, Madonna was featured in the film Who's That Girl. She contributed four songs to its soundtrack, including the title track and "Causing a Commotion".

Question: When was Madonna's third album released?
Answer: June 1986

Question: Who was the album True Blue dedicated to?
Answer: Sean Penn

Question: Madonna's album topped in how many countries chart worldwide?
Answer: 28 countries

Question: What award did Madonna receive for her role in the film Shanghai Surprise?
Answer: Golden Raspberry Award

Question: Name a soundtrack in the film Who's That Girl?
Answer: Causing a Commotion
Madonna_(entertainer)

In January 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft-drink manufacturer, Pepsi. In one of her Pepsi commercials, she debuted her song "Like a Prayer". The corresponding music video featured many Catholic symbols such as stigmata and cross burning, and a dream of making love to a saint, leading the Vatican to condemn the video. Religious groups sought to ban the commercial and boycott Pepsi products. Pepsi revoked the commercial and canceled her sponsorship contract. The song was included on Madonna's fourth studio album, Like a Prayer, which was co-written and co-produced by Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray. Madonna received positive feedback for the album, with Rolling Stone writing that it was "as close to art as pop music gets". Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 15 million copies worldwide, with 4 million copies sold in the U.S. alone. Six singles were released from the album, including "Like a Prayer", which reached number one, and "Express Yourself" and "Cherish", both peaking at number two. By the end of the 1980s, Madonna was named as the "Artist of the Decade" by MTV, Billboard and Musician magazine.

Question: When did Madonna sign an endorsement deal with Pepsi?
Answer: January 1989

Question: With Madonna's new video, Like A Prayer, the blasphemy that she portrayed in the video led to what consequences?
Answer: canceled her sponsorship contract

Question: Who co-written and co-produced the song, Like A Prayer?
Answer: Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray.

Question: How many copies did Like A Prayer sell worldwide?
Answer: 15 million copies

Question: When was Madonna named "Artist of the Decade" by MTV, Billboard and Musician Magazine?
Answer: end of the 1980s
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the film Dick Tracy (1990), with Warren Beatty playing the title role. Her performance led to a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress. To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It also featured the US number-one hit "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later", which earned songwriter Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1991. While shooting the film, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty, which dissolved by the end of 1990. In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour, which was held until August. Rolling Stone called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990". The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of "Like a Virgin", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation. In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others". The Laserdisc release of the tour won Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video.

Question: In the film Dick Tracy, who did Madonna starred as?
Answer: Breathless Mahoney

Question: Madonna's role in Dick Tracy led to which award nomination?
Answer: Saturn Award

Question: Who earned an Academy Award for the song "Vogue" and "Sooner or Later?" 
Answer: Stephen Sondheim

Question: Who did Madonna have a relationship with while shooting the film?
Answer: Beatty

Question: When did Madonna and Beatty's relationship end?
Answer: end of 1990
Madonna_(entertainer)

The Immaculate Collection, Madonna's first greatest-hits compilation album, was released in November 1990. It included two new songs, "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me". The album was certified diamond by RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist in history. "Justify My Love" reached number one in the U.S. and top ten worldwide. Its music video featured scenes of sadomasochism, bondage, same-sex kissing, and brief nudity. The video was deemed too sexually explicit for MTV and was banned from the network. Madonna responded to the banning: "Why is it that people are willing to go and watch a movie about someone getting blown to bits for no reason at all, and nobody wants to see two girls kissing and two men snuggling?"

Question: What is Madonna's compilation album called?
Answer: The Immaculate Collection

Question: How many albums did it sell worldwide?
Answer: over 30 million copies

Question: What is one of the title of the songs that was released in the Immaculate Collection?
Answer: Justify My Love

Question: Why did MTV ban the video for Justify My Love?
Answer: too sexually explicit

Question: Justify My Love reached which number in the US charts?
Answer: number one
Madonna_(entertainer)

In 1992, Madonna had a role in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito, a baseball player on an all-women's team. She recorded the film's theme song, "This Used to Be My Playground", which became a Hot 100 number one hit. The same year, she founded her own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing and merchandising divisions. The deal was a joint venture with Time Warner and paid Madonna an advance of $60 million. It gave her 20% royalties from the music proceedings, one of the highest rates in the industry, equaled at that time only by Michael Jackson's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony. The first release from the venture was Madonna's book, titled Sex. It consisted of sexually provocative and explicit images, photographed by Steven Meisel. The book received strong negative reaction from the media and the general public, but sold 1.5 million copies at $50 each in a matter of days. At the same time she released her fifth studio album, Erotica, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. Its title track peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Erotica also produced five singles: "Deeper and Deeper", "Bad Girl", "Fever", "Rain" and "Bye Bye Baby". Madonna had provocative imagery featured in the erotic thriller, Body of Evidence, a film which contained scenes of sadomasochism and bondage. It was poorly received by critics. She also starred in the film Dangerous Game, which was released straight to video in North America. The New York Times described the film as "angry and painful, and the pain feels real."

Question: Who did Madonna play in the role A League Of Their Own?
Answer: Mae Mordabito

Question: What is the film's theme song?
Answer: This Used to Be My Playground

Question: When did Madonna open her own entertainment company, Maverick?
Answer: 1992

Question: How much was the royalties paid to Madonna for the music proceedings?
Answer: 20%

Question: What was the name of the erotic thriller that shows scenes of sadomasochism and bondage?
Answer: Body of Evidence
Madonna_(entertainer)

In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that "she had gone too far" and that her career was over.

Question: When was The Girlie Show World Tour?
Answer: September 1993

Question: What was Madonna dressed in for the tour?
Answer: whip-cracking dominatrix

Question: In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public?
Answer: Puerto Rico

Question: What did Madonna give to Letterman to smell in his late night show that created an uproar?
Answer: a pair of her panties

Question: What did the critics call Madonna after the Letterman show?
Answer: a sexual renegade
Madonna_(entertainer)

Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli described her ballad "I'll Remember" (1994) as an attempt to tone down her provocative image. The song was recorded for Alek Keshishian's film With Honors. She made a subdued appearance with Letterman at an awards show and appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno after realizing that she needed to change her musical direction in order to sustain her popularity. With her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories (1994), Madonna employed a softer image to try to improve the public perception. The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and produced four singles, including "Secret" and "Take a Bow", the latter topping the Hot 100 for seven weeks, the longest period of any Madonna single. At the same time, she became romantically involved with fitness trainer Carlos Leon. Something to Remember, a collection of ballads, was released in November 1995. The album featured three new songs: "You'll See", "One More Chance", and a cover of Marvin Gaye's "I Want You".

Question: Which biographer described her song "I'll Remember" as trying to clean up Madonna's image?
Answer: J. Randy Taraborrelli

Question: The song "I'll Remember" was recorded for which film?
Answer: With Honors

Question: What was Madonna's sixth album named?
Answer: Bedtime Stories

Question: The single "Take A Bow" was at the Hot 100 for how many weeks?
Answer: seven weeks

Question: Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with?
Answer: Carlos Leon
Madonna_(entertainer)

In Evita (1996), Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón. For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. She said later, "This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time..... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done." After securing the role, she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required. However, as she told Oprah, she was also pregnant during the filming: "I was winded after every take. I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells, I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way." Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time: "Ironically, this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie. I'm sure Evita felt this way every day of her life once she discovered she was ill."

Question: In the film Evita, who did Madonna play?
Answer: Eva Perón

Question: Which director did Madonna write to saying that she was perfect for the part of Eva Peron?
Answer: Alan Parker

Question: When was Madonna pregnant?
Answer: During shooting

Question: After securing the role of Evita, what kind of training did Madonna have?
Answer: vocal training
Madonna_(entertainer)

After its release, Evita garnered critical appreciation. Zach Conner from Time magazine commented, "It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations. She plays Evita with a poignant weariness and has more than just a bit of star quality. Love or hate Madonna-Eva, she is a magnet for all eyes." Madonna won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the role. She released three singles from the Evita soundtrack album, including "You Must Love Me" (which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1997) and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina". Madonna was later presented with the Artist Achievement Award by Tony Bennett at the 1996 Billboard Music Awards. On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, her daughter with Leon. Biographer Mary Cross writes that although Madonna was often ill during the filming and worried that her pregnancy would harm the film, she reached some important personal goals: "Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year. She had reached another turning point in her career, reinventing herself and her image with the public." Her relationship with Carlos Leon ended in May 1997; she declared that they were "better off as best friends." After Lourdes' birth, Madonna became involved in Eastern mysticism and Kabbalah. She was introduced to Jewish mysticism by actress Sandra Bernhard in 1997.

Question: Who from Times magazine gave an excellent critique of the film Evita?
Answer: Zach Conner

Question: What award did Madonna win for the film Evita?
Answer: Golden Globe Award

Question: When was Madonna's daughter born?
Answer: October 14, 1996

Question: What is the name of Madonna's daughter?
Answer: Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon

Question: When did Madonna's relationship with Carlos Leon ended?
Answer: May 1997
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave was happening in the 90's and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that."

Question: What is the name of Madonna's seventh album?
Answer: Ray of Light

Question: What year was "Ray of Light" released?
Answer: 1998

Question: Which electronica producer did Madonna team up with for Ray of Light?
Answer: William Orbit

Question: Which type of music was popular during the 90s?
Answer: Techno and rave
Madonna_(entertainer)

The album garnered critical acclaim. Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards. In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Commercially, the album peaked at number one in numerous countries and sold more than 16 million copies worldwide. The album's first single, "Frozen", became Madonna's first single to debut at number one in the UK, while in the U.S. it became her sixth number-two single, setting another record for Madonna as the artist with the most number two hits. The second single, "Ray of Light", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.

Question: How many Emmy awards did Ray of Light won?
Answer: four

Question: Who listed Ray of Light as "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time?"
Answer: Rolling Stone

Question: How many albums did Ray of Light sell worldwide?
Answer: 16 million copies

Question: Which single in the album made it to the UK number one?
Answer: Frozen

Question: The single Ray of Light debut at which number of the Billboard Hot 100?
Answer: five
Madonna_(entertainer)

The 1998 edition of Guinness Book of World Records stated: "No female artist has sold more records than Madonna around the world". In 1999 Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven. She recorded the single "Beautiful Stranger" for the 1999 film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me. It reached number 19 on the Hot 100 solely on radio airplay. Madonna won a Grammy Award for "Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media".

Question: Which edition of the Guinness Book of World Record states that no female artist sold more records than Madonna?
Answer: 1998

Question: Which film project did Madonna leave because of differences with the director?
Answer: Music of the Heart

Question: Who was the director of Music of the Heart?
Answer: Wes Craven

Question: Which film did Madonna record the single Beautiful Stranger for?
Answer: Beautiful Stranger

Question: Which award did Madonna win for the single "Beautiful Stranger?"
Answer: Grammy Award
Madonna_(entertainer)

In 2000, Madonna starred in the film The Next Best Thing, and contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack; "Time Stood Still" and a cover of Don McLean's 1971 song "American Pie". She released her eighth studio album, Music, in September 2000. It featured elements from the electronica-inspired Ray of Light era, and like its predecessor, received acclaim from critics. Collaborating with French producer Mirwais Ahmadzaï, Madonna commented: "I love to work with the weirdos that no one knows about—the people who have raw talent and who are making music unlike anyone else out there. Music is the future of sound." Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic felt that "Music blows by in a kaleidoscopic rush of color, technique, style and substance. It has so many depth and layers that it's easily as self-aware and earnest as Ray of Light." The album took the number-one position in more than 20 countries worldwide and sold four million copies in the first ten days. In the U.S., Music debuted at the top, and became her first number-one album in eleven years since Like a Prayer. It produced three singles: the Hot 100 number one "Music", "Don't Tell Me", and "What It Feels Like for a Girl". The music video of "What It Feels Like for a Girl" depicted Madonna committing acts of crime and vandalism, and was banned by MTV and VH1.

Question: What was the film that Madonna starred in 2000?
Answer: The Next Best Thing

Question: What was the name of the film's soundtrack called?
Answer: Time Stood Still

Question: What was Madonna's eighth album called?
Answer: Music

Question: When was "Music" released?
Answer: September 2000

Question: How many albums did "Music" sell in the first 10 days?
Answer: four million
Madonna_(entertainer)

She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles. Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing placenta praevia. He was christened at Dornoch Cathedral in Dornoch, Scotland, on December 21, 2000. Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby Skibo Castle. Her fifth concert tour, titled Drowned World Tour, started in June 2001. The tour visited cities in the U.S. and Europe and was the highest-grossing concert tour of the year by a solo artist, earning $75 million from 47 sold-out shows. She also released her second greatest-hits collection, titled GHV2, to coincide with the home video release of the tour. GHV2 debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200.

Question: Who is Madonna's second husband?
Answer: Guy Ritchie

Question: When did Madonna marry Guy Ritchie?
Answer: December 21, 2000.

Question: When was Rocco John Ritchie born?
Answer: August 11, 2000

Question: What type of birth complications did Madonna suffer at birth?
Answer: placenta praevia

Question: When did Madonna's Drowned World Tour start?
Answer: June 2001
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna starred in the film Swept Away, directed by Ritchie. Released direct-to-video in the UK, the film was a commercial and critical failure. In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as "the evening's biggest disappointment" by one. That October, she released "Die Another Day", the title song of the James Bond film Die Another Day, in which she had a cameo role, described by The Guardian film reviewer as "incredibly wooden". The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song.

Question: Which film did Madonna starred in that was directed by Ritchie?
Answer: Swept Away

Question: When did Madonna appear in the play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre?
Answer: May 2002

Question: What was Madonna's title song for the James Bond movie?
Answer: Die Another Day

Question: Die Another Day reached which number in the Billboards Hot 100?
Answer: eight
Madonna_(entertainer)

Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in W magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery. It traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews. She commented, "[American Life] was like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from The Advocate felt that "American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent" while condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously." The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.

Question: What is the name of the exhibition installation that Madonna teamed up with fashion photographer Chris Klein called?
Answer: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS

Question: What was Madonna's ninth album called?
Answer: American Life

Question: When was American Life released?
Answer: 2003

Question: American Life reached which number at the Hot 100?
Answer: 37

Question: How many copies did the album sell worldwide?
Answer: four million
Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, while singing "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott. Madonna sparked controversy for kissing Spears and Aguilera suggestively during the performance. In October 2003, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears' single "Me Against the Music". It was followed with the release of Remixed & Revisited. The EP contained remixed versions of songs from American Life and included "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions. Madonna also signed a contract with Callaway Arts & Entertainment to be the author of five children's books. The first of these books, titled The English Roses, was published in September 2003. The story was about four English schoolgirls and their envy and jealousy of each other. Kate Kellway from The Guardian commented, "[Madonna] is an actress playing at what she can never be—a JK Rowling, an English rose." The book debuted at the top of The New York Times Best Seller list and became the fastest-selling children's picture book of all time.

Question: Who did Madonna kiss at the MTV Video Music Awards?
Answer: Spears and Aguilera

Question: When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single?
Answer: October 2003

Question: Madonna signed a contract with Callaway Arts and Entertainment to be a writer of what type of books?
Answer: children's books

Question: What was the title of the first book Madonna penned?
Answer: The English Roses,

Question: When was the The English Roses published?
Answer: September 2003