Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Guam

Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.

Question: When did Spanish colonization commence?
Answer: June 15, 1668

Question: Which two Spaniards aided this colonization and started the first catholic church?
Answer: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod

Question: When did Guam's Cathedral first open?
Answer: February 2, 1669

Question: What was the name of the first Cathedral?
Answer: Dulce Nombre de Maria

Question: In what year did Spain colonize Mexico City?

Question: What was Pedro Calungsod's Catholic church named?

Question: On what date did Spain colonize the Philippines?

Question: On what date was the Governor's Palace in Plaza de Espana completed?

Question: Who had the Royal College of San Juan de Letran built?
Guam

Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts. Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74

Question: When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?
Answer: 1688

Question: In what years was there intermittent war fare?
Answer: July 23, 1670 until July 1695

Question: What did the smallpox epidemic reduce the population down to in Chamorro?
Answer: 50,000 to 10,000

Question: What was the name of the person who started the campaign to pacify the area?
Answer: Juan de Santiago

Question: In what year did Quipua die?

Question: What did Quipuha dies of?

Question: In what year did Captain Juan de Santiago start to pacify Guam?

Question: In what year did Father San Vitores arrive in Guam?

Question: How did local rebel chief Matapang eventually die?
Guam

After his arrival in 1674, Captain Damian de Esplana ordered the arrest of rebels who attacked the population of certain towns. Hostilities eventually led to the destruction of villages such as Chochogo, Pepura, Tumon, Sidia-Aty, Sagua, Nagan and Ninca.:74–75 Starting in June 1676, the first Spanish Governor of Guam, Capt. Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar controlled internal affairs more strictly than his predecessors in order to curb tensions. He also ordered the construction of schools, roads and other infrastructure.:75–76 Later, Capt. Jose de Quiroga arrived in 1680 and continued some of the development projects started by his predecessors. He also continued the search for the rebels who had assassinated Father San Vitores, resulting in campaigns against the rebels which were hiding out in some islands, eventually leading to the death of Matapang, Hurao and Aguarin.:77–78 Quiroga brought some natives from the northern islands to Guam, ordering the population to live in a few large villages.:78–79 These included Jinapsan, Umatac, Pago, Agat and Inarajan, where he built a number of churches.:79 By July 1695, Quiroga had completed the pacification process in Guam, Rota, Tinian and Aguigan.:85

Question: When did Captain Damian de Esplana arrive?
Answer: 1674

Question: What did Captain Damian do after his arrival?
Answer: ordered the arrest of rebels

Question: Who was the first Spanish Governor of Guam?
Answer: Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar

Question: In what year did Jose de Quiroga arrive?
Answer: 1680

Question: in What year did Quiroga complete his pacification?
Answer: 1695

Question: In what year did Capt. Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar stop being the Governor of Guam?

Question: Who assassinated Father San Vitores?

Question: Which island were the Jinapsan from?

Question: Which island were the Utmatac from?

Question: Which island were the Pago from?
Guam

The United States took control of the island in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris. Guam was transferred to U.S. Navy control on 23 December 1898 by Executive Order 108-A. Guam came to serve as a station for American ships traveling to and from the Philippines, while the Northern Mariana Islands passed to Germany, and then to Japan. A U.S. Navy yard was established at Piti in 1899, and a marine barracks at Sumay in 1901.:13 Following the Philippine–American War, Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were exiled on Guam in 1901.:vi

Question: When did the United States take control of the island?
Answer: 1898

Question: What happened that allowed the United States to have Guam?
Answer: Spanish–American War

Question: What is the name of the executive order that transferred Guam over to the U.S?
Answer: 108-A

Question: Which two people were exiled to Guam after the Philippine-American war?
Answer: Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini

Question: In what year did the Northern Mariana Islands pass From Germany to Japan?

Question: Who started the Spanish-American War?

Question: Which country exiled Emilio Aguinaldo to Guam?

Question: Which country exiled Apolinario Mabini to Guam?
Guam

The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. After the war, this would cause resentment between the Guamanian Chamorros and the Chamorros of the Northern Marianas. Guam's Chamorros believed their northern brethren should have been compassionate towards them, whereas having been occupied for over 30 years, the Northern Mariana Chamorros were loyal to Japan.

Question: Why were the Chamorros brought to Guam?
Answer: to serve as interpreters

Question: How were Guamanian Chamorro viewed by the Japanese?
Answer: as an occupied enemy

Question: Who were loyal to Japan?
Answer: Northern Mariana Chamorros

Question: How Northern Chamorro view Guamanian Chamorro?

Question: For how many years did Japan occupy Guam?

Question: For how many years before the war had the Northern Mariana Islands been a Japanese protectorate?

Question: Who were the Guamanian Chamorro loyal to?

Question: With what attitude did the Northern Chamorro treat the Guamanian Chamorro during the occupation?
Guam

After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.

Question: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory?
Answer: Guam Organic Act of 1950

Question: What conflict did the Organic Act come after?
Answer: After World War II

Question: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory?
Answer: granted the people U.S. citizenship

Question: In what year did World War II end?

Question: What are U.S. citizens in Guam allowed to vote for?

Question: Who controlled Guam before World War II?

Question: Whose congressional representative is a voting member?
Guam

Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212 square miles (549 km2), making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in the Mariana island chain and is also the largest island in Micronesia. This island chain was created by the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates. Guam is the closest land mass to the Mariana Trench, a deep subduction zone, that lies beside the island chain to the east. Challenger Deep, the deepest surveyed point in the Oceans, is southwest of Guam at 35,797 feet (10,911 meters) deep. The highest point in Guam is Mount Lamlam at an elevation of 1,334 feet (407 meters).

Question: How many square miles is Guam?
Answer: 212

Question: How was this island chain created?
Answer: the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates

Question: How deep is the Mariana Trench located near Guam?
Answer: 35,797

Question: What is the biggest island of the United States?

Question: At what coordinates does the Mariana Trench lie?

Question: What is the highest point in the Mariana island chain?

Question: What is the smallest island in Micronesia?

Question: What is the lowest point in Guam?
Guam

The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.

Question: How many miles is Guam across?
Answer: 30 miles

Question: What natural disaster that is not predictable does Guam have to worry about?
Answer: earthquakes

Question: Due to Guam being so close to Anatahan, what dod they have to worry about?
Answer: volcanic smog

Question: On what island is Anatahan located?

Question: What was the size of the last earthquake to hit Guam?

Question: How far away is Anatahan volcano from Guam?

Question: How far off the coast is the typical earthquake experienced by Guam?
Guam

Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.

Question: What is Guam's climate characterized as?
Answer: tropical marine

Question: What is the mean high temperature in Guam?
Answer: 86 °F (30 °C)

Question: What is the average annual rainfall of Guam?
Answer: 96 inches (2,180 mm)

Question: When does the dry season in Guam typical run?
Answer: December to June

Question: Which months are considered the coldest in Guam?
Answer: January and February

Question: What is the usual overnight low temperature in March?

Question: What is the mean high temperature in Guam in November?

Question: What is the mean annual rainfall in Guam?

Question: What is usually the hottest month in Guam?

Question: What is usually the coldest month in Guam?
Guam

Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.

Question: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?
Answer: 1668–1898

Question: What religion was the general population converted to?
Answer: Roman Catholicism

Question: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?
Answer: Easter and Christmas

Question: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?
Answer: Malayo-Polynesian

Question: What was pre-contact Chamorro cuisine based on?

Question: What language did the Chamorro speak pre-contact?

Question: In what year was the catalogo alfabetico de apellidos published?

Question: In what year was the batu game created?

Question: In what year was the chonka game created?
Guam

Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."

Question: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?
Answer: chenchule' and inafa'maolek

Question: What is the name of the intricate system in Guam?
Answer: . Chenchule

Question: What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham
Answer: the land and its produce belong to everyone

Question: What is one of Historian Lawrence Cunningham's own cultures concepts?

Question: What is the Chamorro word for being selfish?

Question: What is the Chamorro word for refusing to reciprocate?

Question: In what year did Historian Lawrence Cunningham first start learning about the Chamorro?

Question: What is the Chamorro term for individualism?
Guam

The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds. Other practices predating Spanish conquest include galaide' canoe-making, making of the belembaotuyan (a string musical instrument made from a gourd), fashioning of åcho' atupat slings and slingstones, tool manufacture, Måtan Guma' burial rituals, and preparation of herbal medicines by Suruhanu.

Question: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?
Answer: social protocol

Question: What does mangnging refer to that directly involves one major human scense?
Answer: sniffing over the hands of the elders

Question: What is a belembaotuyan in Guam?
Answer: string musical instrument made from a gourd

Question: Which culture involves sniffs the feet of elders?

Question: Which culture is based on very simple social protocols?

Question: What are the Chamorro canoes made of?

Question: What is the  Chamorro term for sniffing the feet of elders?

Question: What are used as slingstones by the Chamorro traditionally?
Guam

The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.

Question: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?
Answer: cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam

Question: What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?
Answer: relocating to the U.S. Mainland

Question: What has recently led to a resurgence in the Chamorros culture and preservation of their old ways?
Answer: young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.

Question: What are some of the easy ways that the Chamorros keep their culture?

Question: What has made it easier to preserve the Chamorro identity over the years?

Question: What has benefitted modern-day Chamorro?

Question: Who have primarily relocated from the U.S. Mainland to Guam?
Guam

Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions.

Question: How many people make up the Guam legislation?
Answer: 15

Question: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?
Answer: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo

Question: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?
Answer: Guam has no votes

Question: Who elects one non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives?

Question: Who is the current governor of Guam?

Question: Who is one of the current legislators in Guam?

Question: Who did Guam last send as a delegate to the Republican national convention?

Question: What party is the current governor of Guam a member of?
Guam

In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam proposed, due to it having clauses incompatible with the Territorial Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 2) of the U.S. Constitution. Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.

Question: What major movement occurred in Guam in the 80's and 90's?
Answer: becoming a commonwealth

Question: Why would Guam becoming a commonwealth be so important?
Answer: would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico

Question: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?
Answer: Hawaii

Question: In what decade was union between Hawaii and Guam first brought up?

Question: In what decade did union between Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands first start to get talked about?

Question: In what decade was the U.S. Constitution last modified?

Question: When did people in Guam start advocating for U.S. statehood?
Guam

The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.

Question: What has the U.S military proposed?
Answer: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam

Question: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?
Answer: 8,600 Marines

Question: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?
Answer: 4,800 Marines

Question: How many marines are stationed in Okinawa, Japan?

Question: How many dependents of Marines are there in Okinawa, Japan?

Question: How many dependents of Marines are now allowed in Guam?

Question: What type of military base does the U.S. military have in Okinawa, Japan?

Question: How many construction workers had the U.S. military been planning to have in Guam to build a new aircraft carrier berth?
Guam

Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]

Question: What tourist commonly visits Guam?
Answer: Japanese

Question: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?
Answer: 20 large hotels

Question: How many public golf courses does Guam currently have?
Answer: seven

Question: About how many tourist visit Guam yearly?
Answer: a million

Question: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?
Answer: Kmart

Question: HOw many stores are there in the Duty Free Shoppers Galleria?

Question: After Japan where do most tourists to Guam come from?

Question: How many retail stores are there in Agana Shopping Center?

Question: Where do most tourists to the Philippines come from?

Question: From where do most tourists come from in Taiwan?
Guam

The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]

Question: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?
Answer: The Compacts of Free Association

Question: What is the benefit of the  Compacts of Free Association?
Answer: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)

Question: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?
Answer: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement

Question: Which Pacific Island is closest to the Republic of the Marshall Islands?

Question: From which Pacific Island nation does Gaum gain the most population?

Question: From which Pacific Island country does Guam gain the least population?

Question: The Federated States of Micronesia has more citizens from which Pacific Island nation over any other?

Question: Which Pacific Islands culture is most culturally similar to Guam?
Guam

In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932), mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required. Private shipping companies, such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, however, have no obligation to do so, and do not regard Guam as domestic.

Question: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?
Answer: 1899

Question: What type of postal service does Guam currently have today?
Answer: U.S. postage

Question: What is the current Zip Code range in Guam?
Answer: 96910–96932

Question: Which three major companies do not consider Guam as domestic when shipping is involved?
Answer: FedEx, UPS, and DHL

Question: In what year did Guam get regular U.S. postage stamps?

Question: What private shipping company considers Guam as an international nation?

Question: Which private shipping company charges more to ship packages to Guam?

Question: Which private shipping company gets packages back and forth to Guam fastest?

Question: In what year did UPS first start shipping packages to Guam?
Guam

The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland, but larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reaching Hawaii. Most residents use post office boxes or private mail boxes, although residential delivery is becoming increasingly available. Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia).

Question: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States?
Answer: on size and time of year

Question: Which type of service usually takes less than a week to get postage to the island?
Answer: first-class

Question: What do most Guam residents use when receiving mail?
Answer: post office boxes or private mail boxes

Question: Which is more important when it comes to shipping speed to Guam, size or time of year?

Question: How long does fourth-class mail take to get to Guam?

Question: How long does it take for a ship to sail from Hawaii to Guam?

Question: How long does it take a boat to go from the U.S. Mainland to Guam?
Guam

The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.

Question: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?
Answer: The Commercial Port

Question: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam?
Answer: Matson, Inc

Question: Why is the port so important?
Answer: most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers

Question: How many tons can a Matson, Inc., container ship carry to Guam?

Question: What is the population of Seattle?

Question: What is the population of Honolulu?

Question: On what island is the Anderson Air Force Base?

Question: On what island is the Naval Forces Marianas?
Guam

Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.

Question: What is the name of the international airport in Guam?
Answer: Antonio B. Won Pat

Question: What major airline resides at the airport?
Answer: United Airlines

Question: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?
Answer: operating its own customs and quarantine agency

Question: Where was Antonio B. Won Pat from originally?

Question: Where do American passengers arriving indirectly from the United States first go?

Question: Which country most often has flights to Guam?

Question: Which company's planes land most often at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport?
Guam

Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.

Question: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?
Answer: brown tree snake

Question: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?
Answer: brown tree snake

Question: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?
Answer: nearly eliminated the native bird population

Question: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?
Answer: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow

Question: How many native species of birds did Guam have prior to World War II?

Question: How many native species of birds did the Solomon Islands have prior to World War II?

Question: What do Australian authorities do to not send brown tree snakes to Guam accidentally?

Question: What is one of the snakes that is very poisonous to humans?

Question: Where was the U.S. military transport ultimately headed when it accidentally introduced the brown tree snake to Guam?
Guam

Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct while the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.

Question: What are the names of the two native birds in Guam before the brown snake intrusion?
Answer: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher

Question: How many bird species have been driven to extinction in Guam?
Answer: twelve bird species

Question: What other bird was very common before WWII according to the elders?
Answer: ko'ko' birds

Question: What is thought to have been the first bird species on Guam?

Question: What was the most populous Guam bird prior to World War II?

Question: What was the least populous bird on Guam before World War II?

Question: Which bird species was first driven to extinction by brown tree snakes?
Guam

An infestation of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, was detected on Guam on September 12, 2007. CRB is not known to occur in the United States except in American Samoa. Delimiting surveys performed September 13–25, 2007 indicated that the infestation was limited to Tumon Bay and Faifai Beach, an area of approximately 900 acres (3.6 km2). Guam Department of Agriculture (GDA) placed quarantine on all properties within the Tumon area on October 5 and later expanded the quarantine to about 2,500 acres (10 km2) on October 25; approximately 0.5 miles (800 m) radius in all directions from all known locations of CRB infestation. CRB is native to Southern Asia and distributed throughout Asia and the Western Pacific including Sri Lanka, Upolu, Samoa, American Samoa, Palau, New Britain, West Irian, New Ireland, Pak Island and Manus Island (New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion.

Question: What insect was detected in 2007?
Answer: coconut rhinoceros beetle

Question: What other American territory has these beetles that have infested Guam?
Answer: American Samoa

Question: Where is the Coconut Beetle native to?
Answer: Southern Asia

Question: How big is Reunion Island?

Question: Where did the coconut rhinoceros beetle originate?

Question: When was the coconut rhinoceros beetle discovered in American Samoa?

Question: How long is Reunion Island?

Question: How big is Fiji?
Guam

Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.

Question: What plagues the Guam dry season?
Answer: Wildfires

Question: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?
Answer: man

Question: What causes water quality problems in Guam?
Answer: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River

Question: What are 20% of fires resulting from?

Question: What has had success in Guam when it comes to soil stabilization?

Question: What carries sediment into the Fena Lake Reservoir during the dry season?

Question: What animal isn't native to Guam?
Guam

Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.

Question: What has Guam recently being trying to protect?
Answer: coral reef habitats

Question: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?
Answer: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing

Question: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?
Answer: Mariana fruit bats

Question: Who made Tumon Bay into a preserve?

Question: What is the #1 cause of decreased fish populations?

Question: The Guam National Wildlife Refuge is near which tourist area?

Question: What most endangered the Mariana fruit bats?

Question: What most endangered the sea turtle population?
Guam

The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christian liberal arts institution nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. They offer courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Question: What are the names of the two colleges in Guam?
Answer: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College

Question: Who are these two schools accredited by?
Answer: Western Association of Schools and Colleges

Question: What is the name of the small Christian college in Guam?
Answer: Pacific Islands University

Question: What type of education does the University of Guam offer?

Question: What type of education is offered at Guam Community College?

Question: What type of institution is the Guam Community College?

Question: Besides Pacific Islands University where else can one earn a graduate degree in Guam?

Question: How many schools are in the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools?
Guam

The Guam Department of Education serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores. Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6,000 miles (9,700 km) from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education. An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.

Question: How many students as of 2000 were attending public schools in Guam?
Answer: 32,000

Question: What has plagued Guam public schools?
Answer: high dropout rates and poor test scores

Question: What is the name of the governing body of the school in all of Guam?
Answer: The Guam Department of Education

Question: How many students currently attend public school in Guam?

Question: How many people live in Guam?

Question: What challenges affect U.S. mainland schools?

Question: How many people work for the Guam Department of Education?

Question: How many students in Guam come from backgrounds without traditional American education?
Guam

The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.

Question: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?
Answer: The Government of Guam

Question: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?
Answer: Guam Memorial Hospital

Question: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?
Answer: Guam Regional Medical City

Question: When did Guam Memorial Hospital open its doors?

Question: In what city is Guam Regional Medical City?

Question: When did CareJet go into business in Guam?

Question: In what city is CareJet headquartered?

Question: What type of doctors work at the Guam Regional Medical City?
Empiricism

Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method".

Question: What is commonly contrasted with empiricism?
Answer: rationalism

Question: Where does rationalism say knowledge comes from?
Answer: reason independently of the senses

Question: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition?
Answer: knowledge of God's existence

Question: What did Locke think some knowledge could come from?
Answer: intuition and reasoning alone

Question: Where were the main European rationalists?
Answer: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz

Question: Who were the main philosophical empiricists?

Question: What did John Locke say required information from one's experience?

Question: Where was philosophical empiricism popular?

Question: Why are empiricists and rationalists similar?

Question: How did empiricists discover innate ideas?
Empiricism

Aristotle's explanation of how this was possible was not strictly empiricist in a modern sense, but rather based on his theory of potentiality and actuality, and experience of sense perceptions still requires the help of the active nous. These notions contrasted with Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth (see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others). Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the Middle Ages summarized one of his positions as "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" (Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses").

Question: What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on?
Answer: his theory of potentiality and actuality

Question: How did Plato's Phaedo and Apology think of the mind?
Answer: an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth

Question: Who thought the senses were more important, Aristotle or Plato?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: Who thought the senses were less important, Aristotle or Plato?
Answer: Plato

Question: What does "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" mean?
Answer: Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses"

Question: Which commentator summarized a position in latin?

Question: What did Aristotle write?

Question: Why is Plato considered an empiricist?

Question: What position by Plato was summarized by Middle Ages commentators?

Question: Where did Aristotle say the human mind existed?
Empiricism

This idea was later developed in ancient philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology generally emphasized that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon." Later stoics, such as Sextus of Chaeronea, would continue this idea of empiricism in later Stoic writings as well. As Sextus contends "For every thought comes from sense-perception or not without sense-perception and either from direct experience or not without direct experience" (Against the Professors, 8.56-8).

Question: What is the Stoic view?
Answer: the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it

Question: What was Aetius's career?
Answer: doxographer

Question: Where was Sextus from?
Answer: Chaeronea

Question: Who wrote 'Against the Professors'?
Answer: Sextus

Question: Whose ideas did Sextus build on?
Answer: Aetius

Question: Where was Aetius from?

Question: What book did Aetius write?

Question: What was Sextus' career?

Question: What innate thoughts is a man born with?

Question: Who invented stoicism?
Empiricism

During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts". The intellect itself develops from a material intellect (al-'aql al-hayulani), which is a potentiality "that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-'aql al-fa'il), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge". So the immaterial "active intellect", separate from any individual person, is still essential for understanding to occur.

Question: Whose idea was 'tabula rasa'?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: What religion was Al Farabi?
Answer: Islamic

Question: What does al-'aql al-hayulani mean?
Answer: material intellect

Question: What does al-'aql al-fa'il mean?
Answer: active intellect

Question: What is crucial for understanding?
Answer: the immaterial "active intellect"

Question: What was Aristotle's religion?

Question: What did Al Farabi say tabula rasa was?

Question: Who developed the syllogistic method?

Question: What did Aristotle call the active intellect?

Question: What does tabula rasa mean?
Empiricism

In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone. The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

Question: What was 'Abubacer' normally called?
Answer: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail

Question: What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?
Answer: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail

Question: What was Ibn Tufail's religion?
Answer: Muslim

Question: What was Ibn Tufail's ethnicity?
Answer: Andalusian

Question: When did Ibn Tufail live?
Answer: 12th century CE

Question: When was John Locke's essay written?

Question: What was Edward Pococke the Younger's religion?

Question: Where was John Locke from?

Question: What did Ibn Tufail publish in 1671?

Question: What does Hayy ibn Yaqdhan mean?