Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Tajikistan

Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) above sea level. The only major areas of lower land are in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys, which form the Amu Darya. Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley.

Question: What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area?
Answer: Tajikistan

Question: Where exactly is Tajikistan?
Answer: between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)

Question: What mountian range runs through Tajikistan?
Answer: the Pamir range

Question: What area is under sea level?
Answer: in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys

Question: Where is Dushanbe located?
Answer: on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley

Question: Which country is the largest nation in Central Asia by area?

Question: What is covered by valleys of the Pamir range?

Question: Who has more than eighty percent of the country above sea level?

Question: The major areas of what are in the south?

Question: Which valleys form the Amika Darya?
Tajikistan

Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded economically ever since. The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers. Cotton accounts for 60% of agricultural output, supporting 75% of the rural population, and using 45% of irrigated arable land. The aluminium industry is represented by the state-owned Tajik Aluminum Company – the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia and one of the biggest in the world.

Question: What was the rate that the GDP expanded?
Answer: an average rate of 9.6%

Question: What is the primary source of income in Tajikistan?
Answer: aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers

Question: What accounts for 60% of the agricultural output?
Answer: 60%

Question: What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium?
Answer: Tajik Aluminum Company

Question: Whose economy declined after the war?

Question: The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminum production, cow growing, and what?

Question: What accounts for 70% of agricultural output?

Question: What is the second biggest aluminum plant in Central Asia?

Question: The GDP of Tajikistan declined 9.6% over what period?
Tajikistan

Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum.

Question: What is something that the rivers in Tajikistan are good for?
Answer: hydropower potential

Question: Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan?
Answer: the government

Question: What is the highest dam in the world?
Answer: Nurek Dam

Question: What will the project named CASA 1000 do?
Answer: CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan

Question: The Vankus and Panj rivers have what?

Question: Where is the New Dam located?

Question: What project is estimated to cost around US$965 million?

Question: What is the second highest dam in the world?

Question: Romania's RAO UES energy giant has been working on what?
Tajikistan

According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.

Question: What is the average amount lived on per day?
Answer: US$1.25 per day

Question: What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans?
Answer: estimated $2.1 billion US dollars

Question: How did Tajikistan change their economy?
Answer: by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor

Question: What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth?
Answer: remittances

Question: Ninety percent of the population lives on less then what?

Question: Migration from Turkey has been unprecedented in what?

Question: Who has achieved a transition from a market to a planned economy?

Question: Remittances have not played an important role as what?

Question: What has not helped reduce poverty?
Tajikistan

Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.

Question: What is raised locally for the domestic market?
Answer: opium poppy

Question: What all has helped with the fight against drugs?
Answer: with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities

Question: Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?
Answer: heroin and raw opium confiscations

Question: What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs?
Answer: strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency

Question: What is a major illegal source of income in Turkey?

Question: No progress has been achieved in the fight against what?

Question: Who holds fourth place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations?

Question: Counterfeit money corrupts what?
Tajikistan

As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries.

Question: What are the majority of transportation options?
Answer: via roads, air, and rail.

Question: What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports?
Answer: Iran and Pakistan

Question: What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way?
Answer: Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan

Question: What year was the agreement signed?
Answer: 2012

Question: As a country located on the ocean, Tajikistan has no what?

Question: In ancient years, Tajikistan pursued agreements with whom?

Question: The presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Ireland signed an agreement to do what?

Question: The majority of transportation in Tajikistan is via roads, ship and what?

Question: In 2019, an agreement was made between what three countries?
Tajikistan

In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.

Question: How many airports does Tajikistan have?
Answer: 26 airports

Question: What is the country's main airport?
Answer: Dushanbe International Airport

Question: Where are the international flights maining going to?
Answer: Russia

Question: What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country?
Answer: Khorog Airport

Question: In 2019, Tajikistan had how many airports?

Question: Which country has international flights going mainly to Romania?

Question: In 2019, how many airports in Tajikistan had paved runways?

Question: Which is the only airport in the densely populated eastern half of the country?

Question: Which country's secondary airport is Dushanbe International Airport?
Tajikistan

Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. The Pamiris of Badakhshan, a small population of Yaghnobi people, and a sizeable minority of Ismailis are all considered to belong to the larger group of Tajiks. All citizens of Tajikistan are called Tajikistanis.

Question: What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009?
Answer: 7,349,145

Question: What percent of the population is under 30 years old?
Answer: 70%

Question: What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old?
Answer: 35%

Question: What lanuage do the people of Tajikistan speak?
Answer: Tajik

Question: What are the citizens of Tajikistan called?
Answer: Tajikistanis

Question: What was Tajikistan's population in July 2019?

Question: Forty five percent of the population are between the ages of 14 and what?

Question: Seventy percent of Tajikistan's population is over what age?

Question: The Pamiris of Badakhsan are considered to be the smaller group of what?

Question: Few citizens of Tajikistan are called what?
Tajikistan

The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.

Question: What people live in the southeast area of the country?
Answer: The Pamiri people

Question: How are they different than most Tajiks?
Answer: distinct linguistically and culturally

Question: What mountians do the Pamiri people call home?
Answer: Pamir Mountains

Question: What people are not distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks?

Question: Who follows the Ismali sect of Ireland?

Question: What group has not preserved any cultural traditions?

Question: What group speaks a number of Western Iranian languages?
Tajikistan

Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon, as state holidays. According to a U.S. State Department release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim. Approximately 87%–95% of them are Sunni and roughly 3% are Shia and roughly 7% are non-denominational Muslims. The remaining 2% of the population are followers of Russian Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. A great majority of Muslims fast during Ramadan, although only about one third in the countryside and 10% in the cities observe daily prayer and dietary restrictions.

Question: What school has been recognized by the government?
Answer: Sunni Islam of the Hanafi

Question: What kind of state does Tajikistan see itself as?
Answer: a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion

Question: What are the two national Islamic holidays?
Answer: Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon

Question: What percent of the population is muslim?
Answer: 98%

Question: What country has a Constitution providing for freedom of government?

Question: Who has declared three Islamic holidays?

Question: The population of which country is 88% Muslim?

Question: Russian Christianity takes up what percent of the population?

Question: Very few Muslims fast during what?
Tajikistan

Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.

Question: What type of religions concerns are there?
Answer: minority religious groups undermine national unity

Question: What concerns for the religions institutions are there?
Answer: a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere

Question: What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?
Answer: Hizb ut-Tahrir

Question: What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?
Answer: aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state

Question: There is concern among whom that majority religious groups undermine national unity?

Question: There is concern for whom becoming active in the governmental sphere?

Question: The party that seeks to unify Tajikistan under one Christian state is whom?

Question: Friday prayers are available in many large what?
Tajikistan

By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.

Question: What do religions communities have to register with?
Answer: State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities

Question: What does the SCRA require?
Answer: a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location

Question: What do you have to have to gather for public prayer?
Answer: a physical structure

Question: What can happen if you do not register?
Answer: can result in large fines and closure of place of worship

Question: Religious groups that have a physical structure are not allowed to do what?

Question: Failure to do what results in small fines?

Question: People under the age of 16 are barred from what?

Question: Registration with the ASPCA requires what?
Tajikistan

Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.

Question: What is wrong with the health care system in Tajikistan?
Answer: , the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies

Question: How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan?
Answer: 104,272

Question: What percent of the GDP was spent on health?
Answer: 1%

Question: What was the name of the paper that the World Bank and Tajikistan came up with?
Answer: World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

Question: What system is very developed and rich?

Question: How many disabled people are unregistered in Tajikistan?

Question: What group suffers the least from poverty in Tajikistan?

Question: A shortage of office supplies exists in what country?

Question: What percent of the GDP was spent on health in 2014?
Tajikistan

Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.

Question: How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system?
Answer: 11 years of primary and secondary education

Question: What do they want to impliment in 2016?
Answer: a 12-year system

Question: What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions?
Answer: Khujand State University

Question: What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment?
Answer: 17%

Question: What consists of 14 years of primary and secondary education?

Question: As of 2018, tertiary education enrollment was what percent?

Question: Many Tajiks left the education system due to high demand in the labor what?

Question: What university has 86 departments in 25 facilities?

Question: There is a small number of tertiary education what?
University_of_Notre_Dame

The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means "Our Lady of the Lake" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the "Word of Life" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.

Question: The school known as Notre Dame is known by a more lengthy name, what is it?
Answer: University of Notre Dame du

Question: What type of institution is the Notre Dame?
Answer: Catholic research university

Question: The French words Notre Dame du Lac translate to what in English?
Answer: Our Lady of the Lake

Question: Who is the patron saint of Notre Dame?
Answer: the Virgin Mary

Question: How large is Notre Dame in acres?
Answer: 1,250
University_of_Notre_Dame

Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.

Question: What caused Notre Dame to become notable in the early 20th century?
Answer: its Fighting Irish football team

Question: Which 20th century Notre Dame football coach is most notable?
Answer: Knute Rockne

Question: Which athletic association are the student athletes at Notre Dame a part of?
Answer: NCAA Division I

Question: How many students at Notre Dame received the Heisman Trophy?
Answer: seven

Question: There were multiple students from Notre Dame who entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame, how many?
Answer: 13
University_of_Notre_Dame

Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States  and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.

Question: Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank?
Answer: among the top twenty

Question: How many individual colleges are part of Notre Dame?
Answer: four

Question: Which prize does the Architecture School at Notre Dame give out?
Answer: Driehaus Architecture Prize

Question: How many doctorate and masters programs are available at Notre Dame?
Answer: more than 50

Question: Which art museum does Notre Dame administer?
Answer: Snite Museum of Art
University_of_Notre_Dame

In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.

Question: In what year was Father Edward Sorin given two years to create a college?
Answer: 1842

Question: Which individual offered land to Father Edward Sorin?
Answer: Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière

Question: Which church was Father Edward Sorin representing?
Answer: the Congregation of the Holy Cross

Question: On what date did brothers from Holy Cross arrive at the future location of Notre Dame?
Answer: November 26, 1842

Question: Which structure was the first used for the purposes of the college?
Answer: Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel
University_of_Notre_Dame

The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger "Main Building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building.

Question: In what year did the initial degrees get handed out at Notre Dame?
Answer: 1849

Question: In what year did the original Sorin built Main Building get replaced?
Answer: 1865

Question: Which individual began a library at Notre Dame?
Answer: Father Lemonnier

Question: In what year had the library at Notre Dame reach 10,000 books?
Answer: 1879

Question: In what year was the library at Notre Dame started?
Answer: 1873
University_of_Notre_Dame

This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.

Question: In what year was the Main Building at Notre Dame razed in a fire?
Answer: 1879

Question: Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1879?
Answer: Rev. William Corby

Question: On what date was the rebuilding of The Main Building begun at Notre Dame after the fire that claimed the previous?
Answer: 17th of May

Question: What was the music hall at Notre Dame called?
Answer: Washington Hall

Question: What did the Science Hall at Notre Dame come to be known as?
Answer: LaFortune Student Center
University_of_Notre_Dame

In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.

Question: In 1919 a new president of Notre Dame was named, who was it?
Answer: Father James Burns

Question: Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at Notre Dame in the early 20th century take place?
Answer: three years

Question: What type of education was pushed at Notre Dame before its embracing of national standards?
Answer: scholastic and classical

Question: Those who attended a Jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the Jesuit institution?
Answer: Harvard Law School

Question: Which college did Notre Dame add in 1921?
Answer: College of Commerce
University_of_Notre_Dame

One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the "Four Horsemen". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City.

Question: The Notre Dame football team got a new head coach in 1918, who was it?
Answer: Knute Rockne

Question: What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach?
Answer: 105

Question: How many years was Knute Rockne head coach at Notre Dame?
Answer: 13

Question: How many national titles were won when Knute Rockne coached at Notre Dame?
Answer: three

Question: In what year did the team lead by Knute Rockne win the Rose Bowl?
Answer: 1925
University_of_Notre_Dame

The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana.

Question: Catholic people identified with Notre Dame, what religious group did people feel Yale represented?
Answer: the Protestant establishment

Question: Notre Dame students had a showdown in 1924 with which anti-catholic group?
Answer: the Ku Klux Klan

Question: What type of event did the Klan intend to have at Notre Dame in March of 1924?
Answer: a week-long Klavern

Question: Where did Notre Dame students and the KKK have their encounter?
Answer: South Bend

Question: Which college president of Notre Dame is credited with preventing more confrontations between students and the KKK?
Answer: Fr. Matthew Walsh
University_of_Notre_Dame

The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development

Question: Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?
Answer: Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C.

Question: Around the time that Rev. Cavanaugh became president of Notre Dame by how much did the undergrad student body of Notre Dame increase?
Answer: more than half

Question: Which institute involving animal life did Cavanaugh create at Notre Dame?
Answer: Lobund Institute for Animal Studies

Question: Outside of an institute studying animals, what other institute did Cavanugh create at Notre Dame?
Answer: Medieval Institute

Question: What is O'Shaughnessy Hall of Notre Dame formerly known as?
Answer: Hall of Liberal Arts
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The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.

Question: What was the lifespan of Theodore Hesburgh?
Answer: 1917–2015

Question: During what years was Theodor Hesburgh president of Notre Dame?
Answer: 1952–87

Question: In the time that Hesburgh was president of Notre Dame by what factor did the operating budget increase?
Answer: 18

Question: What was the size of the Notre Dame endowment when Theodore Hesburgh became president?
Answer: $9 million

Question: How many faculty members were at Notre Dame when Hesburgh left the role of president?
Answer: 950
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Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "In American college education," explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism." Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation "opened up a whole other pool of very bright students." Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing.

Question: What type of educational institute is Hesburgh given credit for creating at Notre Dame?
Answer: coeducational

Question: With what institute did Notre Dame agree to an exchange program in the 1960s?
Answer: Saint Mary's College

Question: Which role did Charles Sheedy have at Notre Dame?
Answer: Dean of Arts and Letters

Question: What title did Thomas Blantz have at Notre Dame?
Answer: Vice President of Student Affairs

Question: In what year did Notre Dame have its earliest undergraduate that was female?
Answer: 1971
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In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.

Question: During what years was Edward Malloy president of Notre Dame?
Answer: 1987–2005

Question: The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy?
Answer: 500

Question: What was the SAT score, on average, at Notre Dame when Edward Malloy became president?
Answer: 1240

Question: When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment?
Answer: $350 million

Question: When Malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did Notre Dame have?
Answer: more than $70 million
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Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.

Question: When did John Jenkins become the president of Notre Dame?
Answer: 2005

Question: In terms of the amount of presidents Notre Dame has had, where is John Jenkins on the list?
Answer: 17th

Question: Who was the Notre Dame president that preceded John Jenkins?
Answer: Malloy

Question: Which arena was constructed under Jenkins at Notre Dame?
Answer: Compton Family Ice Arena

Question: How much money was spent on enhancing Notre Dame Stadium under John Jenkins?
Answer: $400m
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Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.

Question: Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?
Answer: Congregation of Holy Cross

Question: What structure is found on the location of the original church of Father Sorin at Notre Dame?
Answer: Basilica of the Sacred Heart

Question: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?
Answer: French Revival

Question: Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?
Answer: Luigi Gregori

Question: In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?
Answer: 1896
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A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

Question: Which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at Notre Dame in 1883?
Answer: Fr. Zahm

Question: In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center?
Answer: 1950

Question: After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named?
Answer: Joseph LaFortune

Question: How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame?
Answer: 83,000 square feet

Question: What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center?
Answer: $1.2 million
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Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.

Question: How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?
Answer: 29

Question: Which library was built at Notre Dame in 1963?
Answer: Theodore Hesburgh Library

Question: How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?
Answer: almost 4 million

Question: Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame?
Answer: Duncan Hall

Question: Which baseball stadium is found at Notre Dame?
Answer: Frank Eck Stadium
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The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a "B" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.

Question: In what year did Notre Dame create the Office of Sustainability?
Answer: 2008

Question: What percentage of the food served at Notre Dame is locally grown?
Answer: 40%

Question: Notre Dame got a "B" for its sustainability practices from which entity?
Answer: Sustainable Endowments Institute

Question: Gustavo Gutierrez is faculty of which institute?
Answer: Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
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The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square. The center enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London, as well as hosting conferences and symposia. Other Global Gateways are located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome.

Question: In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England?
Answer: 1968

Question: At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found?
Answer: 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square

Question: Notre Dame has a center in Beijing, what is it referred to as?
Answer: Global Gateways

Question: In what year did the Suffolk Street location start to house a Notre Dame facility?
Answer: 1998