Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Freemasonry

Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.

Question: When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry?
Answer: 1882

Question: Why did Deraismes resign from Freemasonry?
Answer: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge

Question: What led to exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England?
Answer: Disagreements over ritual

Question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge?
Answer: Georges Martin

Question: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking?
Answer: Annie Besant

Question: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge?
Answer: Maria Deraismes

Question: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons?
Answer: 1882

Question: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?
Answer: Georges Martin

Question: What year was an all-female masonic lodge created?
Answer: 1901

Question: What year was the all-female masonic lodge cast aside?
Answer: 1935

Question: When was Maria Deraismes assassinated in Freemasonry?

Question: Why did Deraismes dislike Freemasonry?

Question: What led to exclusively transgender bodies of Freemasons in England?

Question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, stopped a mixed gender masonic lodge?

Question: What year was an all-animal masonic lodge created?
Freemasonry

Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims is to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. In article 28 of its Covenant, Hamas states that Freemasonry, Rotary, and other similar groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ..."

Question: What do Islamic anti-masonics link Freemasonry to?
Answer: al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah

Question: Why do muslim anti-masonics believe that the Freemasons want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque?
Answer: rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem

Question: What is another group that anti-masonic muslims link to zionism?
Answer: Rotary

Question: What are most of the arguements by anti-masonic muslims centered on? 
Answer: antisemitism and Anti-Zionism

Question: Who's interests are the muslin anti-masonics afraid that the Freemasons are protecting?
Answer: Jews

Question: What do many Islamic and anti-Masonic argue about Freemasonry?
Answer: linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah)

Question: Some Muslims argue that Freemasonry promotes what?
Answer: the interests of the Jews

Question: What article states that Freemasonry work in the interest of Zionism?
Answer: article 28

Question: What do Islamic Masonics link Freemasonry to?

Question: Why do Muslim Masonics believe that the Freemasons want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque?

Question: What is another group that Masonic Muslims link to Islam?

Question: Who's interests are the muslin anti-masonics afraid that the Freemasons are hurting?

Question: What article states that Freemasonry work in the interest of humanity?
Freemasonry

The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.

Question: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime?
Answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

Question: What kind of prisioner was a Freemason considered to be?
Answer: political prisoners

Question: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear?
Answer: inverted red triangle

Question: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda?
Answer: Professor Franz Six

Question: Where is most of the informaton about Freemasons persecuted in the Holocaust located?
Answer: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)

Question: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called?
Answer: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

Question: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records?
Answer: Professor Franz Six

Question: How many Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime?
Answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

Question: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear?
Answer: an inverted red triangle.

Question: How many Freemasons are believed to have been resurrected under Hitler's Nazi Regime?

Question: What kind of deity was a Freemason considered to be?

Question: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisoners conceal?

Question: What is the Reich Security Main Office required to be called?

Question: Who was responsible for geography tasks of the verbal records?
Freemasonry

Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.

Question: Where are the origins of Freemasonry?
Answer: local fraternities of stonemasons

Question: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for?
Answer: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients

Question: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from?
Answer: the three grades of medieval craft guilds

Question: What are the degrees of Freemasonry?
Answer: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason

Question: Freemasons trace their origins to what?
Answer: the local fraternities of stonemasons

Question: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds?
Answer: three grades

Question: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what?
Answer: Blue Lodge

Question: Members of Craft Masonry are called what?
Answer: Freemasons or Masons

Question: Where did Freemasonry end?

Question: What were the fraternities of stonemasons avoiding responsibility for?

Question: What are no longer the degrees of Freemasonry?

Question: How many kings are there in medieval craft guilds?

Question: What is Craft Freemasonry forbidden as being known as?
Freemasonry

Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

Question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?
Answer: they are never invited

Question: How does one become a Freemason?
Answer: The onus is on candidates to ask to join

Question: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?
Answer: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction

Question: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of?
Answer: track down a local Lodge through the Internet

Question: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated? 
Answer: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining

Question: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?
Answer: a friend

Question: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?
Answer: the Internet

Question: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?
Answer: never invited

Question: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?
Answer: an interview

Question: How are Freemasons asked to leave a lodge?

Question: Why can't anyone become a Freemason?

Question: Can pets ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?

Question: What always follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?
Freemasonry

Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.

Question: How large is the membership of Freemasonry?
Answer: around six million worldwide

Question: What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: United Grand Lodge of England

Question: How many members does the UGLE have?
Answer: around a quarter million

Question: What are the membership numbers of the United States?
Answer: just under two million

Question: How many members does the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of Ireland have, together?
Answer: 150,000

Question: How many members are in Freemasonry?
Answer: around six million worldwide

Question: What lodge has the single largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: the United Grand Lodge of England

Question: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England?
Answer: around a quarter million

Question: The Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland have how many member?
Answer: approximately 150,000 members

Question: The United States has how many Freemason members?
Answer: just under two million

Question: How many people lost membership of Freemasonry?

Question: What is the only single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?

Question: How many members does the UGLE lose every year?

Question: How many members left the United States?

Question: How many dogs are in the Grand Lodge of England?
Freemasonry

The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.

Question: Are masons allowed to divulge the secrets of each degree?
Answer: Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret

Question: How are oaths taken?
Answer: on a Volume of Sacred Law

Question: In what branch can books, other than scripture, be used for the purpose of oath taking?
Answer: Progressive continental Freemasonry

Question: What can be considered a Volume of Sacred Law?
Answer: whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother

Question: Masons swear to protect their brethren unless they what?
Answer: have broken the law

Question: Most lodges have the oath taken on what?
Answer: Volume of Sacred Law

Question: Mason swear at each degree to do what?
Answer: keep the contents of that degree secret

Question: Why are masons allowed to divulge the secrets of each degree?

Question: How are oaths taken as fake?

Question: What can be considered a Volume of Sacred Math?

Question: What are Masons required to have done in order to be protected?

Question: What branch of Freemasonry requires books other than scripture?
Freemasonry

The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania. The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania, John Moore, wrote of attending lodges there in 1715, two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London. The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, based in Pennsylvania. Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army. Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge, applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival.

Question: Where were the earliest known American Logdes located?
Answer: Pennsylvania

Question: What is the earliest that lodges appeared in America?
Answer: 1715

Question: When was a Provincial Grand Master for North America appointed?
Answer: 1731

Question: Where did other American Lodges obtain their authoriisations from?
Answer: Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland

Question: When did the lodges without prior authorisations apply to be recognized?
Answer: after they were confident of their own survival

Question: Where were the earliest lodges in America?
Answer: Pennsylvania

Question: Who was the Collector for the port of Pennsylvania in 1715?
Answer: John Moore

Question: A Provincial Grand Master for North America was first appointed when?
Answer: 1731

Question: The Provincial Grand Master for North America was base where?
Answer: Pennsylvania

Question: Where were the only known American Lodges located?

Question: What is the earliest that lodges exploded in America?

Question: When was a Provincial Grand Master for The World appointed?

Question: When did the lodges without prior authorizations apply to be forgotten?

Question: Who was the Collector for the port of Pennsylvania in 1615?
Freemasonry

Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein; the death penalty was "prescribed" for those who "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations."

Question: How long have Masonic Lodges been in Iraq?
Answer: as early as 1917

Question: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1950s?
Answer: Nine

Question: What is the greatest penalty that a Freemason in Iraq could face now?
Answer: the death penalty

Question: When were all the lodges in Iraq forced to close?
Answer: 1965

Question: When was a Scottish Lodge formed in Iraq?
Answer: 1923

Question: When did Masonic lodges start in Iraq?
Answer: 1917

Question: Who opened the first Lodge in Iraq?
Answer: the United Grand Lodge of England

Question: When was the first Scottish Masonic lodge opened in Iraq?
Answer: 1923

Question: All Masonic lodges were forced to close in Iraq in what year?
Answer: 1965

Question: Who introduced the death penalty to Freemasons living in Iraq?
Answer: Saddam Hussein

Question: How long have Masonic Lodges been banned in Iraq?

Question: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1350s?

Question: What is the greatest reward that a Freemason in Iraq could face now?

Question: When was a Russian Lodge formed in Iraq?

Question: Who opened the only Lodge in Iraq?
Freemasonry

The ritual form on which the Grand Orient of France was based was abolished in England in the events leading to the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1813. However the two jurisdictions continued in amity (mutual recognition) until events of the 1860s and 1870s drove a seemingly permanent wedge between them. In 1868 the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the State of Louisiana appeared in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, recognised by the Grand Orient de France, but regarded by the older body as an invasion of their jurisdiction. The new Scottish rite body admitted blacks, and the resolution of the Grand Orient the following year that neither colour, race, nor religion could disqualify a man from Masonry prompted the Grand Lodge to withdraw recognition, and it persuaded other American Grand Lodges to do the same.

Question: When was the United Grand Lodge of England Formed?
Answer: 1813

Question: The Grand Orient de France and the United Grand Lodge of England continued in amity until when?
Answer: the 1860s and 1870s

Question: What year did the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Louisiana appear in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana?
Answer: 1868

Question: When was the United Grand Lodge of England demolished?

Question: What year did the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Louisiana disappear in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana?

Question: What lodge was never in amity with another?

Question: Who did the new Scottish rite body refuse to admit?
Freemasonry

In 1983, the Church issued a new code of canon law. Unlike its predecessor, the 1983 Code of Canon Law did not explicitly name Masonic orders among the secret societies it condemns. It states: "A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; one who promotes or takes office in such an association is to be punished with an interdict." This named omission of Masonic orders caused both Catholics and Freemasons to believe that the ban on Catholics becoming Freemasons may have been lifted, especially after the perceived liberalisation of Vatican II. However, the matter was clarified when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI), as the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which states: "... the Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic association remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and therefore membership in them remains forbidden. The faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion." For its part, Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity. Those Grand Lodges in amity with UGLE deny the Church's claims. The UGLE now states that "Freemasonry does not seek to replace a Mason's religion or provide a substitute for it."

Question: In what year was a new code to the Canon Law issued by the church?
Answer: 1983

Question: Who clarified the new code of Canon law of 1983?
Answer: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger

Question: Do Freemasons allow Catholics into their fraternity?
Answer: Freemasonry has never objected to Catholics joining their fraternity

Question: What year was an old code to the Canon Law issued by the church?

Question: Who clarified the new code of Canon law of 1973?

Question: Why are Catholics not allowed into Freemasonry?

Question: Which lodges are never in amity with UGLE?
Freemasonry

Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.

Question: Judges and police officers had to disclose their Freemason membership in what years in England?
Answer: from 1999 to 2009

Question: Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2009?
Answer: Justice Secretary Jack Straw

Question: Justice Secretary Jack Straw ended the Masonic disclosure law on what grounds?
Answer: the rule was considered disproportionate

Question: Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2004?

Question: Why did Justice Secretary Jack Straw begin the Masonic closure law?

Question: What democracies always view Freemasonry with trust?

Question: Who was required to not be transparent to the public?
Freemasonry

The Masonic Lodge is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry. The Lodge meets regularly to conduct the usual formal business of any small organisation (pay bills, organise social and charitable events, elect new members, etc.). In addition to business, the meeting may perform a ceremony to confer a Masonic degree or receive a lecture, which is usually on some aspect of Masonic history or ritual. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Lodge might adjourn for a formal dinner, or festive board, sometimes involving toasting and song.

Question: What is the basic organizational unit of Freemasonry?
Answer: The Masonic Lodge

Question: Name examples of usual formal business that Freemasons have at their lodge.
Answer: pay bills, organise social and charitable events, elect new members

Question: What usually happens at the conclusion of a lodge meeting?
Answer: a formal dinner

Question: What is the complex organizational unit of Freemasonry?

Question: What always happens at the conclusion of a lodge meeting?

Question: Where do Freemasons meet only on special occasion?

Question: What organization was not allowed to have ceremonies?
Freemasonry

During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit). There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge.

Question: When does a candidate swear to fullfil his obligations as a Mason?
Answer: During the ceremony of initiation

Question: What does a candidate swear on?
Answer: usually on a volume of sacred text

Question: How many degrees must a Mason swear to keep the secrets from outsiders?
Answer: three degrees

Question: Are Freemasons free to explore the craft?
Answer: Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying

Question: When does a candidate lose ability to fulfill his obligations as a Mason?

Question: What does a candidate sweat on?

Question: How many degrees must a Mason swear to tell outsiders?

Question: What are Freemasons required to do for their craft?
Freemasonry

Regularity is a concept based on adherence to Masonic Landmarks, the basic membership requirements, tenets and rituals of the craft. Each Grand Lodge sets its own definition of what these landmarks are, and thus what is Regular and what is Irregular (and the definitions do not necessarily agree between Grand Lodges). Essentially, every Grand Lodge will hold that its landmarks (its requirements, tenets and rituals) are Regular, and judge other Grand Lodges based on those. If the differences are significant, one Grand Lodge may declare the other "Irregular" and withdraw or withhold recognition.

Question: What concept is based on adherence to Masonic Landmarks, basic membership requirements, and tenets and rituals of the craft?
Answer: Regularity

Question: Is each definition of regularity the same throughout all Masonic Lodges?
Answer: Each Grand Lodge sets its own definition

Question: When can a Grand Lodge declare another lodge as irregular?
Answer: If the differences are significant

Question: What concept is not based on adherence to Masonic Landmarks, basic membership requirements, and tenets and rituals of the craft?

Question: When can a Grand Lodge declare another lodge as regular?

Question: What are never considered "Irregular"?

Question: Why are landmarks for every Grand Lodge the same?
Freemasonry

All Freemasons begin their journey in the "craft" by being progressively initiated, passed and raised into the three degrees of Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry. During these three rituals, the candidate is progressively taught the meanings of the Lodge symbols, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other Masons that he has been so initiated. The initiations are part allegory and part lecture, and revolve around the construction of the Temple of Solomon, and the artistry and death of his chief architect, Hiram Abiff. The degrees are those of Entered apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason. While many different versions of these rituals exist, with at least two different lodge layouts and versions of the Hiram myth, each version is recognisable to any Freemason from any jurisdiction.

Question: All Freemasons are progressively initiated, passed, and raised in three degrees of what?
Answer: Craft, or Blue Lodge Masonry

Question: The initiations are part allegory and part what?
Answer: lecture

Question: What is the final of the three steps of Freemasonry?
Answer: Master Mason

Question: Who was the chief architect of the Temple of Solomon?
Answer: Hiram Abiff

Question: How many versions of the Hiram myth are there?
Answer: at least two

Question: What are all Freemasons progressively initiated, passed, and raised in six degrees of?

Question: What is the final of the seven steps of Freemasonry?

Question: Who was the worst architect of the Temple of Solomon?

Question: How many versions of the Hiram flag are there?

Question: What is the first step for only some Freemasons?
Freemasonry

The first Grand Lodge, the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (later called the Grand Lodge of England (GLE)), was founded on 24 June 1717, when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner. Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body, which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion. However, many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual (they came to be known as the Moderns), and a few of these formed a rival Grand Lodge on 17 July 1751, which they called the "Antient Grand Lodge of England." These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual. They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).

Question: The Grand Lodge of England is also know as what?
Answer: GLE

Question: When was the Grand Lodge of England founded?
Answer: 24 June 1717

Question: The Ancient Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?
Answer: 17 July 1751

Question: The United Grand Lodge of England was formed on what date?
Answer: 27 December 1813

Question: Lodges that could not endorse the GLE were later called what?
Answer: the Moderns

Question: What can The Grand Lodge of England never be known as?

Question: When did the Grand Lodge of England vanish?

Question: What were lodges that disappeared called?

Question: Which lodges refused to join the new regulatory body?

Question: Which lodges were always in perfect harmony with one another?
Freemasonry

Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition. The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges. While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion.

Question: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?
Answer: By the 1980s

Question: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?
Answer: Prince Hall is open to all men

Question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?
Answer: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges

Question: When did North American Masonic lodges fire members of the Prince Hall Lodge?

Question: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge hiding?

Question: What lodges are no longer recognized?

Question: What Grand Lodges require members to be black Americans?
Freemasonry

In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry "in general". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons.

Question: When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges?
Answer: the 1890s

Question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England recognize the two female Masonic lodges?
Answer: 1999

Question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get women accepted into the Freemasons?
Answer: the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite

Question: Do Anglo-American grand lodges accept women as members today?
Answer: most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons

Question: When did Russia try to create co-masonic lodges?

Question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England forget the two female Masonic lodges?

Question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get men accepted into the Freemasons?

Question: Where are women recognized as the ideal Masons?
Freemasonry

Since the founding of Freemasonry, many Bishops of the Church of England have been Freemasons, such as Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher. In the past, few members of the Church of England would have seen any incongruity in concurrently adhering to Anglican Christianity and practicing Freemasonry. In recent decades, however, reservations about Freemasonry have increased within Anglicanism, perhaps due to the increasing prominence of the evangelical wing of the church. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England. In 2003 he felt it necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons to senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth.

Question: What English Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?
Answer: Geoffrey Fisher

Question: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has reservations about the Freemasons?
Answer: Dr Rowan Williams

Question: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams apologize to the Freemasons?
Answer: 2003

Question: Dr. Rowan Williams was also Bishop of what?
Answer: Bishop of Monmouth

Question: What Austrian Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?

Question: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has accolades from the Freemasons?

Question: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams destroy the Freemasons?

Question: What was Dr. Rowan Williams a Cardinal of?
Freemasonry

In Italy, Freemasonry has become linked to a scandal concerning the Propaganda Due lodge (a.k.a. P2). This lodge was chartered by the Grande Oriente d'Italia in 1877, as a lodge for visiting Masons unable to attend their own lodges. Under Licio Gelli's leadership, in the late 1970s, P2 became involved in the financial scandals that nearly bankrupted the Vatican Bank. However, by this time the lodge was operating independently and irregularly, as the Grand Orient had revoked its charter and expelled Gelli in 1976.

Question: Freemasonry was linked to scandal in Italy due to what?
Answer: Propaganda Due lodge

Question: The Propaganda Due Lodge was chartered by who?
Answer: Grande Oriente d'Italia

Question: When did the Grande Oriente d'italia charter the Propaganda Due Lodge?
Answer: 1877

Question: The Propaganda Due Lodge was also know as what?
Answer: P2

Question: When did the Grand Orient d'italia expel Licio Gelli and revoked the charter of P2?
Answer: 1976

Question: What was Freemasonry linked to scandal in France due to?

Question: Who destroyed the Propaganda Due Lodge?

Question: When did the Grande Oriente d'italia remove the Propaganda Due Lodge?

Question: When did the Grand Orient d'italia reward Licio Gelli and promote the charter of P2?
Israel

Making up 16% of the population, Muslims constitute Israel's largest religious minority. About 2% of the population is Christian and 1.5% is Druze. The Christian population primarily comprises Arab Christians, but also includes post-Soviet immigrants, the foreign laborers of multinational origins, and followers of Messianic Judaism, considered by most Christians and Jews to be a form of Christianity. Members of many other religious groups, including Buddhists and Hindus, maintain a presence in Israel, albeit in small numbers. Out of more than one million immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Israel, about 300,000 are considered not Jewish by the Orthodox rabbinate.

Question: Muslims make up how much of the Israel's population?
Answer: 16%

Question: 2% of the population in Israel are what?
Answer: Christian

Question: Druze makes up what percent?
Answer: 1.5%
Hellenistic_period

The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.

Question: What mathematician advance Greek Science?
Answer: Greek Science

Question: What period saw the rise of New Comedy?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: When was the Battle of Actium?
Answer: 31 BC

Question: When did Alexander the Great die?
Answer: 323 BC

Question: What period saw the rise of the Septuagint?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: dd
Answer: Buddhism

Question: d
Answer: the Gre
Hellenistic_period

After Alexander the Great's ventures in the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms through Greco-Macedonian colonization, spanning as far as modern-day Pakistan. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia, and a departure from earlier Greek attitudes towards "barbarian" cultures. The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization (as distinguished from that occurring in the 8th–6th centuries BC) which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Those new cities were composed of Greek colonists who came from different parts of the Greek world, and not, as before, from a specific "mother city". The main cultural centers expanded from mainland Greece to Pergamon, Rhodes, and new Greek colonies such as Seleucia, Antioch, Alexandria and Ai-Khanoum. This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world.

Question: What is a common Attic-based dialect?
Answer: Koine Greek

Question: Where is the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: north-east Africa

Question: Where is the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom?
Answer: South Asia

Question: Where is the Indo-Greek Kingdom?
Answer: South Asia

Question: Where is the Kingdom of Pergamon?
Answer: south-west Asia
Hellenistic_period

Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.

Question: When was the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: 31 BC

Question: Who was the Roman emporer?
Answer: Constantine the Great

Question: When did the capital of the Roman Empire move to Constantinople?
Answer: 330 AD

Question: What term defines the influence of Greek culture?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: Where did the Roman Empire move to in 330 AD?
Answer: Constantinople
Hellenistic_period

"Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.

Question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?
Answer: J. G. Droysen

Question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?
Answer: History of Hellenism

Question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?
Answer: Matthew Arnold

Question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?
Answer: 19th

Question: In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?
Answer: Hellenism
Hellenistic_period

The major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority in the areas in which they settled, while in many cases, the Greek settlers were actually the minority among the native populations. The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.

Question: How much of the conquered world was affected by Greek influences?
Answer: Some

Question: How often did Greek population and natives mix?
Answer: not always

Question: What term implies that Greek populations were a majority in the regions they settled?
Answer: Hellenistic
Hellenistic_period

While a few fragments exist, there is no surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus which were used by surviving sources are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200-118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BCE when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BCE.

Question: What is the earliest, most credible source of the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Polybius

Question: Where was Polybius from?
Answer: Megalopolis

Question: Where was Polybius forced to go as hostage?
Answer: Rome

Question: What years do Polybius books cover?
Answer: 220 to 167 BCE

Question: What League was Polybius a statesman?
Answer: Achaean
Hellenistic_period

The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.

Question: When did Diodorus Siculus write Bibliotheca historica?
Answer: 60 and 30 BCE

Question: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?
Answer: battle of Ipsus

Question: Who wrote Parallel Lives?
Answer: Plutarch

Question: Where was Apprian from?
Answer: Alexandria

Question: Which writer outlined the history of important Hellenistic figures?
Answer: Plutarch
Hellenistic_period

Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the League of Corinth, effectively bringing the majority of Greece under his direct sway. He was elected Hegemon of the league, and a campaign against the Achaemenid Empire of Persia was planned. However, while this campaign was in its early stages, he was assassinated.

Question: When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia?
Answer: 352 BC

Question: Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia?
Answer: Philip II

Question: When was the Battle of Chaeronea?
Answer: 338 BC

Question: Who formed the League of Corinth?
Answer: Philip

Question: Who was Philip II planning a campaign against when he was assasinated?
Answer: Achaemenid Empire of Persia
Hellenistic_period

Meleager and the infantry supported the candidacy of Alexander's half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus, while Perdiccas, the leading cavalry commander, supported waiting until the birth of Alexander's unborn child by Roxana. After the infantry stormed the palace of Babylon, a compromise was arranged – Arrhidaeus (as Philip III) should become king, and should rule jointly with Roxana's child, assuming that it was a boy (as it was, becoming Alexander IV). Perdiccas himself would become regent (epimeletes) of the empire, and Meleager his lieutenant. Soon, however, Perdiccas had Meleager and the other infantry leaders murdered, and assumed full control. The generals who had supported Perdiccas were rewarded in the partition of Babylon by becoming satraps of the various parts of the empire, but Perdiccas' position was shaky, because, as Arrian writes, "everyone was suspicious of him, and he of them".

Question: Who was Philip Arrhidaues' half brother?
Answer: Alexander

Question: Who was the leading calvary commander?
Answer: Perdiccas

Question: Who order the death of Meleager?
Answer: Perdiccas

Question: What city was partitioned to the generals who supported Perdiccas?
Answer: Babylon

Question: Who documented that Perdiccas' was under suspicion? 
Answer: Arrian
Hellenistic_period

The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor. Antigonus fled for Greece, and then, together with Antipater and Craterus (the satrap of Cilicia who had been in Greece fighting the Lamian war) invaded Anatolia. The rebels were supported by Lysimachus, the satrap of Thrace and Ptolemy, the satrap of Egypt. Although Eumenes, satrap of Cappadocia, defeated the rebels in Asia Minor, Perdiccas himself was murdered by his own generals Peithon, Seleucus, and Antigenes (possibly with Ptolemy's aid) during his invasion of Egypt (c. 21 May to 19 June, 320). Ptolemy came to terms with Perdiccas's murderers, making Peithon and Arrhidaeus regents in his place, but soon these came to a new agreement with Antipater at the Treaty of Triparadisus. Antipater was made regent of the Empire, and the two kings were moved to Macedon. Antigonus remained in charge of Asia minor, Ptolemy retained Egypt, Lysimachus retained Thrace and Seleucus I controlled Babylon.

Question: Who did Diadochi plan to marry?
Answer: Cleopatra

Question: Who was Alexander's sister?
Answer: Cleopatra

Question: Who was the leader in Asia Minor?
Answer: Antigonus I Monophthalmus

Question: Along with Antipater and Craterus, Antigonus I Monophthalmus invaded which region?
Answer: Anatolia

Question: Peithon, Seleucus, and Antigenes murdered whom?
Answer: Perdiccas