Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Namibia

Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).

Question: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?
Answer: 4.0 and 7.0%

Question: What is the language of Namibia?
Answer: Afrikaans

Question: Where do a large minority of whites trace their Namibian roots to?
Answer: German settlers

Question: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?
Answer: 526,004

Question: How much of the population was white in South-West Africa in 1960?
Answer: 73,464

Question: How many people of British descent make up the population of Namibia?

Question: What percentage of the Namibia population is German?

Question: What is the most spoken language in Namibia?

Question: How many white people were there in Namibia in the 2000 census?

Question: How many people in total was there in Namibia in the 2000 census?
Namibia

Namibia conducts a census every ten years. After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991, further rounds followed in 2001 and 2011. The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be. This is called the de facto method. For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas. These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well.

Question: How often does Namibia conduct a census?
Answer: every ten years

Question: When was the first Population and Housing Census in Namibia?
Answer: 1991

Question: What is it called when the census counts every person wherever they are the night of the census? 
Answer: de facto method

Question: How many enumeration areas are there in Namibia?
Answer: 4,042

Question: The enumeration areas in Namibia do not overlap with what in order to get reliable data?
Answer: constituency boundaries

Question: How were people counted in Namibia prior to 1991?

Question: How many enumeration areas are there in a typical nation using the de facto method?

Question: How many census workers were there in the 1991 Population and Housing Census?
Namibia

Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation." Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject. As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.

Question: German, English, and Afrikaans were the official languages until when in Namibia?
Answer: 1990

Question: SWAPO thought Namibia should have what type of official language?
Answer: monolingual

Question: What is the primary language of Namibia, as SWAPO instituted?
Answer: English

Question: How many Namibian's speak English?
Answer: 3%

Question: There was a high rate of what due to monolingual instruction?
Answer: school drop-outs

Question: What is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa?

Question: What percentage of people speak Afrikaans in Namibia?

Question: What percentage of people speak German in Namibia?

Question: The push for monolingual instruction has been a success in what African country?

Question: How many people in Namibia can speak English at all?
Namibia

Inline hockey was first played in 1995 and has also become more and more popular in the last years. The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships. Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon. The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter (100 and 200 m). He won four Olympic silver medals (1992, 1996) and also has medals from several World Athletics Championships. He is also known for humanitarian activities in Namibia and beyond.

Question: What popular sport was first played in Namibia in 1995?
Answer: Inline hockey

Question: Which team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championship?
Answer: Women's inline hockey National Team

Question: What is the toughest footrace around the world?
Answer: Namibian ultra marathon

Question: Who is the most famous athlete from Namibia?
Answer: Frankie Fredericks

Question: What sport does the most famous Namibian athlete participate in?
Answer: sprinter

Question:  When was the Women's inline hockey National Team first formed?

Question: Which country won the women's 2008 FIRS World Championships?

Question: In what year was the first Namibian ultra marathon first held?

Question: How many Olympic silver medals did Frankie Fredericks win at the 1992 Olympics?

Question: How many medals has Frankie Fredericks won at World Athletic Championships?
Namibia

The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the "South West African" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.

Question: What was the first Namibian newspaper?
Answer: Windhoeker Anzeiger

Question: What was the language in which the first Namibian newspaper was printed in?
Answer: German

Question: When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?
Answer: 1898

Question: When was radio introduced in Namibia?
Answer: 1969

Question: When was TV introduced in Namibia?
Answer: 1981

Question: What was the first English newspaper in Namibia?

Question: When did South Africa take over ruling Namibia?

Question: When did Germany take over ruling Namibia?

Question: What was the first newspaper in Namibia that reflected the realities of the black citizens?

Question: When was the first black-focused radio channel introduced?
Namibia

Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times. Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, Vision2030 Focus magazine[citation needed] and Prime FOCUS. Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia, while Namibia Sport is the only national sport magazine. Furthermore, the print market is complemented with party publications, student newspapers and PR publications.

Question: What is a popular tabloid magazine in Namibia?
Answer: Windhoek Observer

Question: What is the economical magazine in Namibia?
Answer: Namibia Economist

Question: What is the regional magazine in Namibia?
Answer: Namib Times

Question: What is the most popular current affairs magazine in Namibia?
Answer: Insight Namibia

Question: What is the only sport newspaper in Namibia?
Answer: Namibia Sport

Question: Who owns the Windhoek Observer?

Question: Who owns the Namib Times?

Question: Who owns Prime FOCUS?

Question: Who owns Sister Namibia Magazine?

Question: How often is Informante published?
Namibia

Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd

Question: Compared to neighbouring countries, what freedom does Namibia have?
Answer: media

Question: Namibia is on par with what country in terms of media and reporting?
Answer: Canada

Question: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2009?
Answer: 36

Question: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2013?
Answer: 19th

Question: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2014?
Answer: 22nd

Question: What was Namibia's position on the Press Freedom Index in 2012?

Question: What was Namibia's Press Freedom Index in 2015?

Question: What was Namibia's Press Freedom Index position in 2008?

Question: In what year was the African Media Barometer founded?

Question: When was Reporters Without Borders founded?
Namibia

Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off." As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans.

Question: What is the life expectancy in Namibia?
Answer: 52.2

Question: What epidemic is a large problem in Namibia?
Answer: AIDS

Question: How much of the Namibian population is infected with HIV?
Answer: 13.1%

Question: How many people living in 2001 had HIV/AIDS in Namibia?
Answer: 210,000

Question: How many deaths were associated with HIV/AIDS in Namibia in 2003?
Answer: 16,000.

Question: How many orphans are there in Namibia?

Question: How many people in Botswana have HIV/AIDS?

Question: What percentage of the people in Botswana have HIV?

Question: What is the HIV/AIDS epidemic numbers doing in Botswana?

Question: What is the age expectancy in Botswana as of 2012?
Namibia

The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic. The country had only 598 physicians in 2002.

Question: What health issue is compounded by the AIDS epidemic in Namibia?
Answer: malaria

Question: What is the risk of contracting malaria if an individual is already infected with HIV?
Answer: 14.5% greater

Question: The risk of death by malaria raises by how much with a concurrent HIV infection?
Answer: 50%

Question: How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002?
Answer: 598

Question: How many physicians did Namibia have as of 2012?

Question: What is the risk of contracting malaria in Namibia if a person is healthy?

Question: What is the risk of death if a person has HIV but not a concurrent infection?

Question: How many health professionals in total did Namibia have in 2002?
Russian_language

Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ( listen)) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards.

Question: What language sub-family is Russian in?
Answer: East Slavic

Question: Where is Russian an official language?
Answer: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories

Question: Where is Russian popular but not an official language?
Answer: Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia

Question: How many living East Slavic languages are there?
Answer: three

Question: When was the earliest writing in Old East Slavonic?
Answer: 10th century

Question: What kind of language is Ukranian?

Question: In what countries is Ukrainian officially spoken?

Question: Where is Ukrainian also widely spoken, but not officially?

Question: What family does Ukrainian belong to?

Question: When was Ukrainian first officially written?
Russian_language

Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically though an optional acute accent (знак ударения, znak udareniya) may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example замо́к (zamok, meaning a lock) and за́мок (zamok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.

Question: What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?
Answer: consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation

Question: What kind of accent can mark stress?
Answer: optional acute accent

Question: What kind of words can acute accents distinguish?
Answer: homographic words

Question: What word means both lock and castle, depending on its accent?
Answer: zamok

Question: What kind of phenomes are uncommon words?

Question: Where are uncommon words usually found?

Question: What feature of the language is an uncommon word considered?

Question: What are uncommon words or names considered to be and not usually indicated?

Question: What is an uncommon word used to mark?
Russian_language

Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus'. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn, the other three languages in the East Slavic group. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures, e.g. Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect, although vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, as well as because of later interaction in the 19th–20th centuries, although Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. In the 19th century, the language was often called "Great Russian" to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called "White Russian" and Ukrainian, then called "Little Russian".

Question: What language does Russian descend from?
Answer: the language used in Kievan Rus'

Question: What are Russian's closest relatives?
Answer: Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn

Question: Where is Surzhyk used?
Answer: eastern Ukraine

Question: Where is Trasianka used?
Answer: Belarus

Question: What was 'Little Russian'?
Answer: Ukrainian

Question: What is Ukranian a descendant of that is used in Kievan Rus'?

Question: In what countries are Surzhyk and Trasianka spoken interchangeably?

Question: In what centuries is it thought that the Surzhyk language disappeared?

Question: What is Ukrainian thought to have played a role in forming?

Question: What language does Trasianka have similar words with?
Russian_language

The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language.

Question: What language does the Russian Orthodox Church use?
Answer: South Slavic Old Church Slavonic

Question: What kind of words in Russian have been influenced by Church Slavonic?
Answer: mainly abstract and literary words

Question: What word forms are used together in some cases?
Answer: East Slavic and the Church Slavonic

Question: What church uses mainly the Russian language?

Question: What has the Russian Orthodox Church been experiencing in attendance recently?

Question: What has the vocabulary of East Slavic been influenced by?

Question: How many meanings are there in modern forms of Russian?

Question: What has the literary style of East Slavic been influenced by?
Russian_language

Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.

Question: When did Russian language spread to the peasants?
Answer: the 20th century

Question: Who spoke Russian before the 20th century?
Answer: the upper noble classes and urban population

Question: When did the Soviets establish required education?
Answer: the mid-20th century

Question: What nonstandard feature does Southern Russian use?
Answer: fricative

Question: When did the Soviet government begin only speaking fricative?

Question: What kind of education system was used to teach the history of the noble classes to peasants?

Question: Who was responsible for formalizing colloquial speech?

Question: What nonstandard feature do the noble classes have?

Question: In the mid 20th century what  group was the only one that used colloquial speech?
Russian_language

Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group).

Question: How much of Estonia is ethnic Russians?
Answer: 25.5%

Question: How much of Estonia speaks Russian?
Answer: 67.8%

Question: What is the ratio of young Estonians who speak Russian relative to those who speak English?
Answer: about one-third

Question: How much of Estonia's native Estonians speaks Russian?
Answer: 58.6%

Question: What percentage of ethnic Russians speak English?

Question: How much of the native Estonian population speaks English?

Question: What is decreasing among ethnic Russians?

Question: What percentage of Russians are between 15 and 19?

Question: What has the percentage of 10-14 year olds in Russia fallen to?
Russian_language

As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.

Question: When did Finland join the Russian Empire?
Answer: 1809

Question: When did Finland leave the Russian Empire?
Answer: 1918

Question: What percent of Finns speak Russian?
Answer: 0.6%

Question: How many Finns speak Russian?
Answer: 33,400

Question: How many Russian-speaking Finns are descended from early immigrants?
Answer: Five thousand

Question: When did immigrants form the Russian Empire?

Question: How many immigrants came to Russia from 1809 to 1918?

Question: What was the population of Russia in 1908?

Question: What book was written in 1918 by a prominent Russian author?

Question: In what year was the World Factbook republished?
Russian_language

In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian.

Question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian natively as of 2004?
Answer: 14,400,000

Question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian actively as of 2004?
Answer: 29 million

Question: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006?
Answer: 65%

Question: What percent of Ukraine use Russian as their main language as of 2006?
Answer: 38%

Question: What is Russian's legal status in Ukraine?
Answer: minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine

Question: How does the World Factbook describe Russian as?

Question: How many people worldwide read the World Factbook in 2001?

Question: How many school students used the World Factbook in school in Ukraine in 2006?

Question: What was the population of Russia in 2001?

Question: How many readers does Demoskop Weekly have in Ukraine?
Russian_language

In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).

Question: What pact contained many Russian-speaking countries?
Answer: Warsaw Pact

Question: Where was Russian schooling mandatory in the 20th century?
Answer: Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba

Question: Which countries speak other Slavic languages?
Answer: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria

Question: What pact was formed by Cuba?

Question: What three countries are former satellites of East Germany?

Question: Where is Polish no longer mandatory?

Question: What is the fluency in Polish in some countries according to the Eurobarometer?
Russian_language

Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively.

Question: In which European countries do many Russian immigrants live?
Answer: The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria

Question: How many people in Ireland speak Russian?
Answer: 21,639

Question: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Russian citizens?
Answer: 13%

Question: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens?
Answer: 20%

Question: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Latvian citizens?
Answer: 27%

Question: In which countries do Spanish immigrants live?

Question: When was the census of Norway taken?

Question: How many people in Norway speak Russian at home?

Question: How many Russian nationals are there in Norway?

Question: How many people living in Norway have passports from Latvia and Lithuania?
Russian_language

In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook.

Question: What convention recognizes Russian in Armenia?
Answer: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

Question: How many Armenians speak Russian natively?
Answer: 15,000

Question: How many Armenians speak Russian actively?
Answer: 1 million

Question: What percent of Armenia speaks Russian?
Answer: 30%

Question: What percent of Armenia uses Russian as their main language?
Answer: 2%

Question: How many people read Demoskop Weekly in 2004?

Question: How much of the population used the World Factbook in school?

Question: In what year was the World Factbook first released in Armenia?

Question: What was the population of Armenia in 2009?

Question: What percentage of the Armenian population writes articles for the World Factbook?
Russian_language

In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 1% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language.

Question: What convention recognizes Russian in Georgia?
Answer: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

Question: How many Georgians speak Russian natively?
Answer: 130,000

Question: How many Georgians speak Russian actively?
Answer: 1.7 million

Question: What percent of Georgia is fluent in Russian?
Answer: 27%

Question: What percent of Georgia use Russian as their main language?
Answer: 1%

Question: What does Demoskop Weekly cite Russian as being in Ethnologue?

Question: What was the population of Georgia in 2006?

Question: How much of the population of Georgia had read the World Factbook by 2006?

Question: What percentage of the population of Georgia works at home?

Question: What status does Ethnologue have in Georgia's government?
Russian_language

In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language.

Question: What is the legal status of Russian in Kazakhstan?
Answer: according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration

Question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively?
Answer: 4,200,000

Question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?
Answer: 10 million

Question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan speak Russian fluently?
Answer: 63%

Question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan use Russian as their main language?
Answer: 46%

Question: According to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan, what do public employees have the same as the administration?

Question: What was the population of Kazakhstan in 2004?

Question: What percentage of the population of Kazakhstan was employed in 2006?

Question: How many people in Kazakhstan were able to read the World Factbook in 2004?

Question: How much of the population aged 15 and above used the World Factbook in school in 2009?
Russian_language

The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.

Question: Where did Russian explorers first reach North America?
Answer: Alaska

Question: When did Russian explorers first reach North America?
Answer: 1700s

Question: When did the US buy Alaska?
Answer: 1867

Question: What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians?
Answer: about 25%

Question: What is the term for Russian-speaking people?
Answer: Russophones

Question: What did New York buy in the 1700's?

Question: When did explorers from North America first reach Russia?

Question: What is the term for Jews living in Russia?

Question: How many Jews lived in Russia in the 1700's?

Question: In what year did Central Asians immigrate to Russia?
Russian_language

Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975.

Question: For which mission did NASA astronauts first learn Russian?
Answer: Apollo-Soyuz

Question: When did Apollo-Soyuz fly?
Answer: 1975

Question: What are Russian astronauts called?
Answer: cosmonauts

Question: What math competition has Russian as an official language?
Answer: International Mathematical Olympiad

Question: When was the International Space Station launched into space?

Question: In what year was the IMF created?

Question: What did the UN take part in launching in 1975?

Question: What organization supports NASA astronauts?

Question: What organization first began taking donations in 1975?
Russian_language

In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain .su. The websites of former Soviet Union nations also use high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian is the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German and Japanese.

Question: What is the second-most-popular language online as of 2013?
Answer: Russian

Question: What percent of all websites are in English?
Answer: 54.7%

Question: What percent of all websites are in Russian?
Answer: 5.9%

Question: What percent of all .ru websites are in Russian?
Answer: 89.8%

Question: What percent of Ukraine's websites are in Russian?
Answer: 79.0%

Question: What is Japanese on the internet after English?

Question: What percentage of sites with the .su domain use English?

Question: How many websites in Ukraine use English?

Question: What percentage of websites in Tajikistan use English?

Question: In March 2013 how many people used Japanese on all websites?
Russian_language

Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern, with Moscow lying in the Central region. All dialects also divided in two main chronological categories: the dialects of primary formation (the territory of the Eastern Rus' or Muscovy, roughly consists of the modern Central and Northwestern Federal districts); and secondary formation (other territory). Dialectology within Russia recognizes dozens of smaller-scale variants. The dialects often show distinct and non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar. Some of these are relics of ancient usage now completely discarded by the standard language.

Question: What two regions do some linguists divide Russian into?
Answer: "Northern" and "Southern"

Question: What three regions do some linguists divide Russian into?
Answer: Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern

Question: What distinguishes Russian dialects?
Answer: non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar

Question: What two groupings are linguists divided into?

Question: What does Muscovy lie on between the two divisions?

Question: How many ancient relics were found in Moscow after 1900?

Question: How many categories of ancient relics are there?

Question: Why were ancient relics lying in the central region of Russia?
Russian_language

The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. An interesting morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.

Question: What is okanye?
Answer: pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly

Question: What articles are similar to Bulgarian?
Answer: post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te

Question: What do some Russian dialects do about vowels?
Answer: absence of vowel reduction

Question: What region of dialects is the Volga River area in?
Answer: Northern Russian

Question: Along what river is Macedonian spoken?

Question: How does Macedonian pronounce unstressed o?

Question: What do some Macedonian dialects do with vowels?

Question: In okanye what does Macedonian have in place of -to, -ta, -te?

Question: What dialects are spoken in Macedonia?
Russian_language

In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye/яканье. Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and /x~xv~xw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). Some of these features such as akanye/yakanye, a debuccalized or lenited /ɡ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs are also present in modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian), indicating a linguistic continuum.

Question: What is pronounced [a] in Southern Russian?
Answer: unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable

Question: What is pronounced [ɪ] in Moscow's dialect?
Answer: unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable

Question: What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with?
Answer: modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian)

Question: What is called yakanye in Standard and Northern dialects?

Question: What do Standard dialects have a linguistic continuum with?

Question: In a semivowel what is unpalatalized?

Question: What consonants are included in Belarusian?

Question: What do consonants include in Ukranian?
Russian_language

Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language (Диалектологический атлас русского языка [dʲɪɐˌlʲɛktəlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj ˈatləs ˈruskəvə jɪzɨˈka]), was published in three folio volumes 1986–1989, after four decades of preparatory work.

Question: Who made the first dialectal Russian dictionary?
Answer: Vladimir Dal

Question: In what century was the first dialectal Russian dictionary published?
Answer: 19th

Question: When did Lomonosov study Russian dialects?
Answer: 18th century

Question: When were detailed maps of Russian dialects created?
Answer: turn of the 20th century

Question: How long did it take to compile the Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language?
Answer: four decades

Question: What was created by Lomonosov at the turn of the 20th century?

Question: How many volumes of the first dictionary were published in the 18th century?

Question: How long did it take for the first dictionary to be published?

Question: What kind of vocabulary did Lomonosov create in the 19th century?

Question: When did Lomonosov map Russian dialects?
Russian_language

Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/, /ĭ/.

Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become?
Answer: ⟨е⟩

Question: What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become?
Answer: ⟨и⟩

Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become?
Answer: ⟨ф⟩

Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѫ⟩ become?
Answer: ⟨у⟩

Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become?
Answer: ⟨ю⟩

Question: What  did the ja or a originally indicate the pronunciation of?

Question: What did the r become?

Question: What did the h become phonetically?

Question: The ja or a indicated the pronunciation of a reduced what?

Question: What was ja merged into?
Russian_language

Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs leveraging this Unicode extension are available which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards.

Question: What is 'moroz' a transliteration of?
Answer: мороз

Question: What is 'mysh' a transliteration of?
Answer: мышь

Question: What font technology has reduced the need for transliteration?
Answer: Unicode character encoding,

Question: What does 'moroz' mean?
Answer: frost

Question: What does 'mysh' mean?
Answer: mouse

Question: What kind of restrictions are there on Russian speaking typists?

Question: What coding was created in Russia?

Question: What alphabet is used to transliterate English?

Question: What language was the QWERTY keyboard first programmed to be used in?

Question: What extension fully incorporates the Latin alphabet?
Russian_language

The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 8859-5) and Microsoft Windows (CP1251) created chaos and ended by establishing different encodings as de facto standards, with Windows-1251 becoming a de facto standard in Russian Internet and e-mail communication during the period of roughly 1995–2005.

Question: Who created KOI8-R encoding?
Answer: the Soviet government

Question: What system used CP1251 encoding?
Answer: Microsoft Windows

Question: What systems used IBM866 encoding?
Answer: MS-DOS and OS/2

Question: What encoding did early Macs use?
Answer: ISO/IEC 8859-5

Question: In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage?
Answer: 1995–2005

Question: When was KO18-R designed by Microsoft?

Question: During what period was MS-DOS created?

Question: What adverse event did the creation of K018-R create?

Question: How did the chaos created by the K018-R end?

Question: What did K018-R become a defacto standard in?
Russian_language

According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/castle), сто́ящий/стоя́щий (worthwhile/standing), чудно́/чу́дно (this is odd/this is marvelous), молоде́ц/мо́лодец (attaboy/fine young man), узна́ю/узнаю́ (I shall learn it/I recognize it), отреза́ть/отре́зать (to be cutting/to have cut); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names (афе́ра, гу́ру, Гарси́я, Оле́ша, Фе́рми), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence (Ты́ съел печенье?/Ты съе́л печенье?/Ты съел пече́нье? – Was it you who ate the cookie?/Did you eat the cookie?/Was it the cookie that you ate?). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners.

Question: What organization is the Institute of Russian Language part of?
Answer: Russian Academy of Sciences

Question: What can optional acute accents indicate?
Answer: stress

Question: What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian?
Answer: castle

Question: What is distinguished from 'this is odd' only by an accent, in Russian?
Answer: this is marvelous

Question: What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian?
Answer: standing

Question: What organization writes books for Russian learners?

Question: What should be used to teach Russian learners according to the Russian Academy of Sciences?

Question: What do children feel when they are learning Russian?

Question: Where is context mandatory for children and Russian learners?

Question: Where can a Russian learner usually find uncommon words?