Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Brigham_Young_University

The main campus in Provo, Utah, United States sits on approximately 560 acres (2.3 km2) nestled at the base of the Wasatch Mountains and includes 295 buildings. The buildings feature a wide variety of architectural styles, each building being built in the style of its time. The grass, trees, and flower beds on BYU's campus are impeccably maintained. Furthermore, views of the Wasatch Mountains, (including Mount Timpanogos) can be seen from the campus. BYU's Harold B. Lee Library (also known as "HBLL"), which The Princeton Review ranked as the No. 1 "Great College Library" in 2004, has approximately 8½ million items in its collections, contains 98 miles (158 km) of shelving, and can seat 4,600 people. The Spencer W. Kimball Tower, shortened to SWKT and pronounced Swicket by many students, is home to several of the university's departments and programs and is the tallest building in Provo, Utah. Furthermore, BYU's Marriott Center, used as a basketball arena, can seat over 22,000 and is one of the largest on-campus arenas in the nation. Interestingly absent on the campus of this church owned university is a campus chapel. Notwithstanding, each Sunday LDS Church services for students are conducted on campus, but due to the large number of students attending these services, nearly all of the buildings and possible meeting spaces on campus are utilized (in addition, many students attend services off campus in LDS chapels in the surrounding communities).

Question: How many buildings are on BYU's main campus?
Answer: 295

Question: How many acres are included in BYU's main campus?
Answer: approximately 560

Question: Where is BYU's main campus located?
Answer: Provo, Utah

Question: How many miles of shelving are in BYU's Harold B. Lee Library?
Answer: 98

Question: Which BYU building is the tallest in Provost, Utah?
Answer: Spencer W. Kimball Tower

Question: What sits on 295 acres in Provo, Utah?

Question: What is nestled at the base of the Timpanogos Mountains?

Question: What is known as the HLLB?

Question: What does SKWT stand for?

Question: What is the tallest building in Utah?
Brigham_Young_University

The campus is home to several museums containing exhibits from many different fields of study. BYU's Museum of Art, for example, is one of the largest and most attended art museums in the Mountain West. This Museum aids in academic pursuits of students at BYU via research and study of the artworks in its collection. The Museum is also open to the general public and provides educational programming. The Museum of Peoples and Cultures is a museum of archaeology and ethnology. It focuses on native cultures and artifacts of the Great Basin, American Southwest, Mesoamerica, Peru, and Polynesia. Home to more than 40,000 artifacts and 50,000 photographs, it documents BYU's archaeological research. The BYU Museum of Paleontology was built in 1976 to display the many fossils found by BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen. It holds many artifacts from the Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago), and is one of the top five collections in the world of fossils from that time period. It has been featured in magazines, newspapers, and on television internationally. The museum receives about 25,000 visitors every year. The Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum was formed in 1978. It features several forms of plant and animal life on display and available for research by students and scholars.

Question: Which BYU building is one of the most attended art museus in the Mountain West?
Answer: Museum of Art

Question: How many photographs are in BYU's Museum of Peoples and Cultures?
Answer: 50,000

Question: Who found many of the fossils displayed in BYU's Museum of Paleontology?
Answer: BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen

Question: From which period does BYU Museum of Paleontology hold many artifacts from?
Answer: Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago)

Question: How many visitors does BYU Museum of Paleontology receive each year?
Answer: about 25,000

Question: What is home to more than 50,000 artifacts?

Question: What is home to 40,000 photographs?

Question: What was built in 1967?

Question: What was formed in 1987?

Question: What did Dr. James A. Bean find many of?
Brigham_Young_University

The campus also houses several performing arts facilities. The de Jong Concert Hall seats 1282 people and is named for Gerrit de Jong Jr. The Pardoe Theatre is named for T. Earl and Kathryn Pardoe. Students use its stage in a variety of theatre experiments, as well as for Pardoe Series performances. It seats 500 people, and has quite a large stage with a proscenium opening of 19 by 55 feet (17 m). The Margetts Theatre was named for Philip N. Margetts, a prominent Utah theatre figure. A smaller, black box theater, it allows a variety of seating and staging formats. It seats 125, and measures 30 by 50 feet (15 m). The Nelke Theatre, named for one of BYU's first drama teachers, is used largely for instruction in experimental theater. It seats 280.

Question: How many people does the de Jong Concert Hall seat?
Answer: 1282

Question: What building is named after Earl and Kathryn Pardoe?
Answer: The Pardoe Theatre

Question: What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts?
Answer: The Margetts Theatre

Question: Who was the Nelke Theatre named for?
Answer: one of BYU's first drama teachers

Question: What type of theater is Nelke Theatre primarily used for?
Answer: experimental

Question: What is named after T. Earl and Gerrit de Jong Jr.?

Question: What theater has a proscenium opening of 19m?

Question: What theater was named for Kathryn N. Margetts?

Question: What is named after Kathryn de Jong Jr.?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU has designated energy conservation, products and materials, recycling, site planning and building design, student involvement, transportation, water conservation, and zero waste events as top priority categories in which to further its efforts to be an environmentally sustainable campus. The university has stated that "we have a responsibility to be wise stewards of the earth and its resources." BYU is working to increase the energy efficiency of its buildings by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans, replacing incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting, retrofitting campus buildings with low-E reflective glass, and upgraded roof insulation to prevent heat loss. The student groups BYU Recycles, Eco-Response, and BYU Earth educate students, faculty, staff, and administrators about how the campus can decrease its environmental impact. BYU Recycles spearheaded the recent campaign to begin recycling plastics, which the university did after a year of student campaigning.

Question: What is BYU working to increase by installing various speed drives on all pumps and fans?
Answer: energy efficiency of its buildings

Question: Who spearheaded BYU's recent campaign to begin recycling plastics?
Answer: BYU Recycles

Question: How long after student campaigning did BYU begin recycling plastics?
Answer: a year

Question: What type of waste event is a top priority at BYU for becoming environmentally sustainable?
Answer: zero

Question: What is BYU replacing it's incandescent lighting with?
Answer: fluorescent

Question: What does BUY state about being a sustainable campus?

Question: What is BYU working on by installing speed drives on fluorescent lighting?

Question: What do the BUY student groups do?
Brigham_Young_University

The BYU Ballroom Dance Company is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world, having won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1982. BYU's Ballroom dance team has won first place in Latin or Standard (or both) many times when they have competed at the Blackpool Dance Festival, and they were the first U.S. team to win the formation championships at the famed British Championships in Blackpool, England in 1972 . The NDCA National DanceSport championships have been held at BYU for several years, and BYU holds dozens of ballroom dance classes each semester and is consequently the largest collegiate ballroom dance program in the world. In addition, BYU has a number of other notable dance teams and programs. These teams include the Theatre Ballet, Contemporary Dance Theatre, Living Legends, and International Folk Dance Ensemble. The Living Legends perform Latin, Native American, and Polynesian dancing. BYU boasts one of the largest dance departments in the nation. Many students from all different majors across campus participate in various dance classes each semester.

Question: What BYU group is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world?
Answer: Ballroom Dance Company

Question: What dance championships have been held at BYU for several years?
Answer: NDCA National DanceSport

Question: How is BYU's collegiate ballroom dance program rated worldwide?
Answer: the largest

Question: What types of dancing are performed by BYU's The Living Legends?
Answer: Latin, Native American, and Polynesian

Question: Who has won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1972?

Question: Who was the first team to win the formation championships in 1982?

Question: Who has the largest dance department in the nation?

Question: Where has the NCDA National DanceSport championships been held?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU has 21 NCAA varsity teams. Nineteen of these teams played mainly in the Mountain West Conference from its inception in 1999 until the school left that conference in 2011. Prior to that time BYU teams competed in the Western Athletic Conference. All teams are named the "Cougars", and Cosmo the Cougar has been the school's mascot since 1953. The school's fight song is the Cougar Fight Song. Because many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years (men when they're 18, women when 19), BYU athletes are often older on average than other schools' players. The NCAA allows students to serve missions for two years without subtracting that time from their eligibility period. This has caused minor controversy, but is largely recognized as not lending the school any significant advantage, since players receive no athletic and little physical training during their missions. BYU has also received attention from sports networks for refusal to play games on Sunday, as well as expelling players due to honor code violations. Beginning in the 2011 season, BYU football competes in college football as an independent. In addition, most other sports now compete in the West Coast Conference. Teams in swimming and diving and indoor track and field for both men and women joined the men's volleyball program in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. For outdoor track and field, the Cougars became an Independent. Softball returned to the Western Athletic Conference, but spent only one season in the WAC; the team moved to the Pacific Coast Softball Conference after the 2012 season. The softball program may move again after the 2013 season; the July 2013 return of Pacific to the WCC will enable that conference to add softball as an official sport.

Question: How many NCAA varsity teams does BYU have?
Answer: 21

Question: What is the name of BYU's fight song?
Answer: Cougar Fight Song

Question: Why are many BYU athletes older than other schools' players?
Answer: many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years

Question: When does BYU refuse to play athletic games that got the attention of the sports networks?
Answer: Sunday

Question: What violation can lead to a player being expelled from a sports team?
Answer: honor code

Question: What does BYU have 19 of?

Question: What do 21 teams play in?

Question: What has been the mascot of BYU since 1935?

Question: What do women do at age 18?

Question: What do men do at age 19?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU's stated mission "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life." BYU is thus considered by its leaders to be at heart a religious institution, wherein, ideally, religious and secular education are interwoven in a way that encourages the highest standards in both areas. This weaving of the secular and the religious aspects of a religious university goes back as far as Brigham Young himself, who told Karl G. Maeser when the Church purchased the school: "I want you to remember that you ought not to teach even the alphabet or the multiplication tables without the Spirit of God."

Question: What is the stated mission of BYU?
Answer: "is to assist individuals in their quest for perfection and eternal life."

Question: What did Brigham Young instruct Karl G. Maeser to not teach even the alphabet without?
Answer: the Spirit of God

Question: What type of institution do BYU leaders consider it to be at heart?
Answer: religious

Question: What two types of education does BYU strive to excel in while combining?
Answer: religious and secular

Question: What is BUY's stated mission?

Question: What did Karl G. Maeser tell Brigham Young?

Question: BUY is considered by its leaders to be what?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU has been considered by some Latter-day Saints, as well as some university and church leaders, to be "The Lord's university". This phrase is used in reference to the school's mission as an "ambassador" to the world for the LDS Church and thus, for Jesus Christ. In the past, some students and faculty have expressed dissatisfaction with this nickname, stating that it gives students the idea that university authorities are always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted. Leaders of the school, however, acknowledge that the nickname represents more a goal that the university strives for and not its current state of being. Leaders encourage students and faculty to help fulfill the goal by following the teachings of their religion, adhering to the school's honor code, and serving others with the knowledge they gain while attending.

Question: What phrase have some Latter-day Saints used in reference to BYU's mission as ambassador to the world for the LDS Church?
Answer: "The Lord's university"

Question: Who has expressed dissatisfaction with the nickname "The Lord's University" in the past?
Answer: some students and faculty

Question: What perception do some feel that the nickname "The Lord's University" gives about university officials?
Answer: always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted

Question: What do the leaders of BYU say "The Lord's University" represents instead of being in reference to its current state of being?
Answer: more a goal

Question: What is BUY considered to be by some?

Question: What is the school to the world for the LSD Church?

Question: Why do some leaders of the school oppose the nickname?

Question: How do students encourage leaders of the school and faculty to help fulfill the goal?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active. Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance. Over 900 rooms on BYU campus are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations. More than 150 congregations meet on BYU campus each Sunday. "BYU's campus becomes one of the busiest and largest centers of worship in the world" with about 24,000 persons attending church services on campus.

Question: What does BYU mandate of it's student members of the LDS Church to be?
Answer: religiously active

Question: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application?
Answer: an ecclesiastic leader

Question: How many BYU campus rooms are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations?
Answer: Over 900

Question: How many congregations meet on the BYU campus every Sunday?
Answer: More than 150

Question: Approximately how many people attend church services on BYU's campus?
Answer: 24,000

Question: What does BYU mandate for members of the LSD Church?

Question: What are 150 rooms on campus used for?

Question: On what day do more than 900 congregations meet?

Question: What becomes the largest center of warship in the world?
Brigham_Young_University

Some 97 percent of male BYU graduates and 32 percent of female graduates took a hiatus from their undergraduate studies at one point to serve as LDS missionaries. In October 2012, the LDS Church announced at its general conference that young men could serve a mission after they turn 18 and have graduated from high school, rather than after age 19 under the old policy. Many young men would often attend a semester or two of higher education prior to beginning missionary service. This policy change will likely impact what has been the traditional incoming freshman class at BYU. Female students may now begin their missionary service anytime after turning 19, rather than age 21 under the previous policy. For males, a full-time mission is two years in length, and for females it lasts 18 months.

Question: At what age, since 2012, are men allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
Answer: 18

Question: At what age, since 2012, are women allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
Answer: 19

Question: How long is a full-time mission for males?
Answer: two years

Question: How long is a full-time mission for females?
Answer: 18 months

Question: What percentage of graduates had taken a hiatus from their BYU studies to serve as an LDS missionary?
Answer: 97

Question: What did 97% of female BYU graduates do?

Question: What did 32% of male BYU graduates do?

Question: What did the LSD Church announce in October 2012?

Question: When can female students begin their missionary service now instead of 18?
Brigham_Young_University

All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity, profanity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940, and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty. President Wilkinson expanded the Honor Code in 1957 to include other school standards. This led to what the Honor Code represents today: rules regarding chastity, dress, grooming, drugs, and alcohol. A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process, and must be adhered by all students, faculty, and staff. Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council. In certain cases, students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure. Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance. Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay, and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States.

Question: What group did President Maeser create that sent teachers to student's homes to verify they were following the school's moral rules?
Answer: Domestic Organization

Question: When was the BYU Honor Code actually created?
Answer: about 1940

Question: What was BYU's Honor Code mainly used for upon its creation?
Answer: cases of cheating and academic dishonesty

Question: In what year was the Honor Code expanded to include other school standards, such as rules regarding drug use?
Answer: 1957

Question: Who must sign a comitment to live by the honor code as part of the application process?
Answer: all students, faculty, and staff

Question: What organization did Brigham Young create?

Question: What did Young's Domestic Organization do?

Question: What was first created in 1957?

Question: What was expanded in 1940?

Question: What did the Princeton Review rank BUY for LGBT-friendliness?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happiest students and highest quality of life. However, the quirkiness and sometimes "too nice" culture is often caricatured, for example, in terms of marrying early and being very conservative.

Question: How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008?
Answer: 14th in the nation

Question: What parts of the sometimes "too nice" BYU culture is often caricatured?
Answer: marrying early and being very conservative

Question: What does BYU's high rate of enrollment by LDS members result in regarding LDS cultural norms?
Answer: amplification of

Question: What percentage of students belong to the LSD?

Question: What did the Princeton Review rank LDS in 2014?

Question: What did the Princeton Review point out about the "too nice" culture?
Brigham_Young_University

One of the characteristics of BYU most often pointed out is its reputation for emphasizing a "marriage culture". Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints highly value marriage and family, especially marriage within the faith. Approximately 51 percent of the graduates in BYU's class of 2005 were married. This is compared to a national marriage average among college graduates of 11 percent. BYU students on average marry at the age of 22, according to a 2005 study, while the national average age is 25 years for men and 27 years for women.

Question: What is one of BYU's characteristics that is most often pointed out through reputation?
Answer: emphasizing a "marriage culture"

Question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2005 were married?
Answer: Approximately 51

Question: What is the national marriage average among college graduates?
Answer: 11 percent

Question: What is the average age that BYU students marry according to a 2005 study?
Answer: 22

Question: What type of marriage is highly valued by LDS members?
Answer: marriage within the faith

Question: What does BUY have a reputation for?

Question: What percentage of BYU's class of 2015 are married?

Question: Men do what at the average age of 27?

Question: Women do what at the average age of 25?
Brigham_Young_University

Many visitors to BYU, and Utah Valley as a whole, report being surprised by the culturally conservative environment. Brigham Young University's Honor Code, which all BYU students agree to follow as a condition of studying at BYU, prohibits the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, etc. As mentioned earlier, The Princeton Review has rated BYU the "#1 stone cold sober school" in the nation for several years running, an honor which the late LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley had commented on with pride. BYU's 2014 "#1 stone cold" sober rating marked the 17th year in a row that the school had earned that rating. BYU has used this and other honors awarded to the school to advertise itself to prospective students, showing that BYU is proud of the rating. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, incidents of crime in Provo are lower than the national average. Murder is rare, and robberies are about 1/10 the national average. Business Insider rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation.

Question: Who rated BYU as the #1 stone cold sober school in the nation for several years?
Answer: The Princeton Review

Question: How does BYU feel about being rated the #1 stone cold sober school?
Answer: proud

Question: How do robberies at BYU's Provo compare to the national average?
Answer: about 1/10

Question: Who rated BYU as the #1 safest college campus in the nation?
Answer: Business Insider

Question: What BYU environment seems to surprise many visitors to BYU as well as to the Utah Valley?
Answer: culturally conservative

Question: What are visitors to Utah surprised by?

Question: What did the Princeton Review rate BUY #1 in?

Question: What did Business Insider rate BUY as?

Question: Murders are what fraction of the national average in Provo?
Brigham_Young_University

The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is an HD production and distribution facility that is home to local PBS affiliate KBYU-TV, local classical music station KBYU-FM Classical 89, BYU Radio, BYU Radio Instrumental, BYU Radio International, BYUtv and BYU Television International with content in Spanish and Portuguese (both available via terrestrial, satellite, and internet signals). BYUtv is also available via cable throughout some areas of the United States. The BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center is home to three television production studios, two television control rooms, radio studios, radio performance space, and master control operations.

Question: How many television production studios is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?
Answer: three

Question: How many television control rooms is BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?
Answer: two

Question: How many radio studios is BYU BYU Broadcasting Technical Operations Center home to?
Answer: two

Question: Which BYU station offers content in both Spanish and Portugese?
Answer: BYU Television International

Question: Which BYU station is available via cable throughout some areas of the U.S.?
Answer: BYUtv

Question: What is the BYU Operations Technical Center?

Question: How is BUYtv available?

Question: How many production studios is the BUY Technical Broadcasting Operations Center home to?

Question: What is the BUY Technical Broadcasting Operations Center home to?
Brigham_Young_University

BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, two time world's most influential business thinker Clayton M. Christensen, Michael K. Young '73, current president of the University of Washington, Matthew S. Holland, current president of Utah Valley University, Stan L. Albrecht, current president of Utah State University, Teppo Felin, Professor at the University of Oxford, and Stephen D. Nadauld, previous president of Dixie State University. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Four of BYU's thirteen presidents were alumni of the University. Additionally, alumni of BYU who have served as business leaders include Citigroup CFO Gary Crittenden '76, former Dell CEO Kevin Rollins '84, Deseret Book CEO Sheri L. Dew, and Matthew K. McCauley, CEO of children's clothing company Gymboree.

Question: What is former alumnus Paul D. Boyer known for being?
Answer: Nobel Prize winner

Question: What did former BYU graduate Harvey Fletcher invent?
Answer: the hearing aid

Question: Which famous clothing company was BYU alumnus Matthew K. McCauley CEO of?
Answer: Gymboree

Question: What was BYU graduate Clayton M. Christensen known as?
Answer: two time world's most influential business thinker

Question: Which Nobel Prize winner graduated from BYU?
Answer: Paul D. Boyer

Question: What title did Kim B. Christensen have?

Question: What title does Michael K. Clark currently have?

Question: Who is Matthew S. Young?

Question: Who is Stan L. Holland?

Question: Who is Teppo Albrecht?
Brigham_Young_University

In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News correspondent Art Rascon, award-winning ESPN sportscaster and former Miss America Sharlene Wells Hawkes '86 and former co-host of CBS's The Early Show Jane Clayson Johnson '90. In entertainment and television, BYU is represented by Jon Heder '02 (best known for his role as Napoleon Dynamite), writer-director Daryn Tufts '98, Golden Globe-nominated Aaron Eckhart '94, animator and filmmaker Don Bluth '54, Jeopardy! all-time champion Ken Jennings '00, and Richard Dutcher, the "Father of Mormon Cinema." In the music industry BYU is represented by lead singer of the Grammy Award winning band Imagine Dragons Dan Reynolds, multi-platinum selling drummer Elaine Bradley from the band Neon Trees, crossover dubstep violinist Lindsey Stirling, former American Idol contestant Carmen Rasmusen, Mormon Tabernacle Choir director Mack Wilberg and pianist Massimiliano Frani.

Question: Where did best selling author Stephenie Meyer graduate from in 1995?
Answer: BYU

Question: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU?
Answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes

Question: Which former co-host of CBS's The Early Show graduated from BYU?
Answer: Jane Clayson Johnson

Question: Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU?
Answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes

Question: Which former CBS News correspondent graduated from BYU?
Answer: Art Rascon

Question: What best selling author graduated from BYU in 1957?

Question: What best selling author graduated from BYU in 1989?

Question: What best selling author graduated from BYU in 1959?

Question: When did Miss America Sharlene Johnson graduate?

Question: What is Ken Dutcher considered to be?
Brigham_Young_University

A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

Question: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU?
Answer: Krešimir Ćosić

Question: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?
Answer: Ty Detmer

Question: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?
Answer: Jim McMahon

Question: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?
Answer: Mike Weir

Question: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?
Answer: Johnny Miller

Question: Who has represented in 5 MLB World Series?

Question: What year did Ty Detmer graduate BUY?

Question: Who won the U.S. Open in 1976?

Question: Who won the 1973 Masters?

Question: What BUY alumni won the Heisman Trophy?
Department_store

Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.

Question: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?
Answer: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods

Question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's? 
Answer: discounters

Question: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years?
Answer: online stores such as Amazon.

Question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?
Answer: at sales counters within each department.

Question: What sorts of departments might one see in a minor department store?

Question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1990's?

Question: Who stopped influencing department stores in the 1970's?

Question: What has stopped pressuring department stores in more recent years?

Question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where can't customers check out?
Department_store

The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution. As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.

Question: When did the idea of a "consumer society" begin? 
Answer: at the turn of the 19th century.

Question: What social group grew as a result of the industrial revolution? 
Answer: the affluent middle-class

Question: Who was Josiah Wedgewood?
Answer: entrepreneurs

Question: What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history?
Answer: urbanized social group

Question: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded? 
Answer: women

Question: When didn't the idea of a "consumer society" begin?

Question: What social group shrank as a result of the industrial revolution?

Question: Who was Josh Wedgewood?

Question: What is one explanation for the fall of retail stores in earlier history?

Question: What group of people were suddenly no longer free to go shopping with fears of being judged or reprimanded?
Department_store

All the major British cities had flourishing department stores by the mid-or late nineteenth century. Increasingly, women became the major shoppers and middle-class households. Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner) in Manchester lays claim to being one of the first department stores and is still known to many of its customers as Kendal's, despite its 2005 name change to House of Fraser. The Manchester institution dates back to 1836 but had been trading as Watts Bazaar since 1796. At its zenith the store had buildings on both sides of Deansgate linked by a subterranean passage "Kendals Arcade" and an art nouveau tiled food hall. The store was especially known for its emphasis on quality and style over low prices giving it the nickname "the Harrods of the North", although this was due in part to Harrods acquiring the store in 1919. Other large Manchester stores included Paulden's (currently Debenhams) and Lewis's (now a Primark).

Question: Who became the predominant shoppers for individual households in the nineteenth century? 
Answer: women

Question: What business in Manchester claims to be the first department store? 
Answer: Kendals (formerly Kendal Milne & Faulkner)

Question: What did Kendals change it's name to in 2005? 
Answer: House of Fraser

Question: What year did the Manchester institution begin?
Answer: 1836

Question: Who acquired the Manchester store in 1919? 
Answer: Harrods

Question: Who became the predominant shoppers for individual households in the 18th century?

Question: What business in Manchester claims to be the last department store?

Question: What did Kendals change it's name to in 2015?

Question: What year did the Manchester institution end?

Question: Who acquired the Manchester store in 1991?
Department_store

Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted through paid advertising. The shop floors were structured so that goods could be made more accessible to customers. There were elegant restaurants with modest prices, a library, reading and writing rooms, special reception rooms for French, German, American and "Colonial" customers, a First Aid Room, and a Silence Room, with soft lights, deep chairs, and double-glazing, all intended to keep customers in the store as long as possible. Staff members were taught to be on hand to assist customers, but not too aggressively, and to sell the merchandise. Selfridge attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits; – in 1909, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges (Blériot was the first to fly over the English Channel), and the first public demonstration of television by John Logie Baird took place in the department store in 1925.

Question: Who founded Selfridges in 1909?
Answer: Harry Gordon Selfridge

Question: What made Selfridges different from many department stores at the time? 
Answer: the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity

Question: How was the store most often presented to the public? 
Answer: paid advertising

Question: What sort of customers did Selfridges most often cater to?
Answer: shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits

Question: Who founded Selfridges in 1990?

Question: Who closed Selfridges in 1909?

Question: What made Selfridges the same as many department stores at the time?

Question: How wasn't the store most often presented to the public?

Question: What sort of customers did Selfridges least often cater to?
Department_store

The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784. They flourished in the early 19th century, with La Belle Jardiniere (1824), Aux Trois Quartiers (1829), and Le Petit Saint Thomas (1830). Balzac described their functioning in his novel César Birotteau. In the 1840s, with the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought, they grew in size, and began to have large plate glass display windows, fixed prices and price tags, and advertising in newspapers.

Question: What were the origins of the Paris department store? 
Answer: magasin de nouveautés

Question: What year was the first Paris department store founded? 
Answer: 1784

Question: What book described the functionality and operation of a contemporary Paris department/novelty store?
Answer: César Birotteau

Question: What factors influenced the increase of department stores in Paris? 
Answer: the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought

Question: Where did department stores begin to advertise after the large influx of new shoppers?
Answer: newspapers

Question: What weren't the origins of the Paris department store?

Question: What year was the last Paris department store founded?

Question: What year was the first Paris department store closed?

Question: What factors influenced the decrease of department stores in Paris?

Question: Where did department stores begin to advertise after the large influx of old shoppers?
Department_store

A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors.

Question: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products? 
Answer: Au Bon Marché

Question: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?
Answer: Aristide Boucicaut

Question: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes? 
Answer: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860

Question: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872
Answer: Gustave Eiffel

Question: What was Boucicaut most widely known for? 
Answer: marketing innovations

Question: What store was founded in Paris, in 1883, which sold a wide variety of products?

Question: Who became a partner to this store in 1825 and drastically changed operations?

Question: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche before these changes?

Question: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1782

Question: What was Boucicaut most widely unknown for?
Department_store

The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a huge department store with inexpensive prices built in 1890 in the northern part of Paris, where it reached a very large new customer base in the working class. In a neighborhood with few public spaces, it provided a consumer version of the public square. It educated workers to approach shopping as an exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities, just as the bourgeoisie did at the famous department stores in the central city. Like the bourgeois stores, it helped transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods. Its advertisements promised the opportunity to participate in the newest, most fashionable consumerism at reasonable cost. The latest technology was featured, such as cinemas and exhibits of inventions like X-ray machines (that could be used to fit shoes) and the gramophone.

Question: Where was The Grands Magasins Dufayel built? 
Answer: the northern part of Paris

Question: What were employees taught that made a shopping experience different? 
Answer: exciting social activity not just a routine exercise in obtaining necessities

Question: What sort of stores were The Grands Magasins Dufayel compared to? 
Answer: bourgeois stores

Question: How were these stores different than most during that time?
Answer: transform consumption from a business transaction into a direct relationship between consumer and sought-after goods

Question: Where weren't The Grands Magasins Dufayel built?

Question: What weren't employees taught that made a shopping experience different?

Question: What were employees taught that made a shopping experience the same?

Question: What sort of stores were The Grands Magasins Dufayel not compared to?

Question: How were these stores the same as most during that time?
Department_store

Arnold, Constable was the first American department store. It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold (1794?-1876), an emigrant from Great Britain, as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City. In 1857 the store moved into a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House. During the Civil War Arnold, Constable was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis. Recognized as an emporium for high-quality fashions, the store soon outgrew the Marble House and erected a cast-iron building on Broadway and Nineteenth Street in 1869; this “Palace of Trade” expanded over the years until it was necessary to move into a larger space in 1914. In 1925, Arnold, Constable merged with Stewart & Company and expanded into the suburbs, first with a 1937 store in New Rochelle, New York and later in Hempstead and Manhasset on Long Island, and in New Jersey. Financial problems led to bankruptcy in 1975.

Question: What is recognized as the "first" department store in America?
Answer: Arnold, Constable

Question: Who founded Arnold, Constable? 
Answer: Aaron Arnold

Question: Where was the store moved in 1857?
Answer: a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House.

Question: What made Arnold, Constable stand out from other stores during the civil war? 
Answer: was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis

Question: When was the "Palace of Trade" built? 
Answer: 1869

Question: What is recognized as the "last" department store in America?

Question: Who rejected Arnold, Constable?

Question: Where was the store moved in 1875?

Question: What made Arnold, Constable stand out from other stores during the revolutionary war?

Question: When was the "Palace of Trade" destroyed?
Department_store

In New York City in 1846, Alexander Turney Stewart established the "Marble Palace" on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets. He offered European retail merchandise at fixed prices on a variety of dry goods, and advertised a policy of providing "free entrance" to all potential customers. Though it was clad in white marble to look like a Renaissance palazzo, the building's cast iron construction permitted large plate glass windows that permitted major seasonal displays, especially in the Christmas shopping season. In 1862, Stewart built a new store on a full city block with eight floors and nineteen departments of dress goods and furnishing materials, carpets, glass and china, toys and sports equipment, ranged around a central glass-covered court. His innovations included buying from manufacturers for cash and in large quantities, keeping his markup small and prices low, truthful presentation of merchandise, the one-price policy (so there was no haggling), simple merchandise returns and cash refund policy, selling for cash and not credit, buyers who searched worldwide for quality merchandise, departmentalization, vertical and horizontal integration, volume sales, and free services for customers such as waiting rooms and free delivery of purchases. His innovations were quickly copied by other department stores.

Question: Where was the "Marble Palace" built in 1846?
Answer: on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets

Question: What policy did the Marble Palace introduce? 
Answer: "free entrance" to all potential customers.

Question: How many departments did the new store have, built in 1862?
Answer: nineteen

Question: What selling methods did the Marble Palace use?
Answer: cash and not credit

Question: What customer services did the Marble Palace offer? 
Answer: waiting rooms and free delivery of purchases

Question: Where was the "Marble Palace" built in 1864?

Question: What policy didn't the Marble Palace introduce?

Question: How many departments did the new store have, built in 1962?

Question: What buying methods did the Marble Palace use?

Question: What customer services didn't the Marble Palace offer?