Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Russian_language

The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish). The standard language, based on the Moscow dialect, possesses heavy stress and moderate variation in pitch. Stressed vowels are somewhat lengthened, while unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa. (See also: vowel reduction in Russian.)

Question: Who says Russian has 6 vowels?
Answer: St. Petersburg Phonological School

Question: When are Russian vowels written differently?
Answer: depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized

Question: What dialect is standard Russian based on?
Answer: Moscow dialect

Question: What language does Russian treat hard consonants similar to?
Answer: Irish

Question: What is done to unstressed vowels?
Answer: reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa

Question: How many classes are there at the St. Petersburg Phonological School?

Question: When are Irish vowels written differently?

Question: What pairs do vowels come in, in Irish?

Question: What kind of stress is there in the Irish language?

Question: What is the variation in pitch in Irish?
Russian_language

Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a separate phoneme is "это ткёт" ([ˈɛtə tkʲɵt], 'it weaves')/"этот кот" ([ˈɛtət kot], 'this cat')). Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. In the case of /tʲ/ and /dʲ/, the tongue is raised enough to produce slight frication (affricate sounds). These sounds: /t, d, ts, s, z, n and rʲ/ are dental, that is pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge.

Question: What might /kʲ/ be considered?
Answer: a phoneme

Question: What is palatalization?
Answer: the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant

Question: How are 'dental' sounds pronounced?
Answer: with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge

Question: What might r be considered?

Question: G is considered marginal but not considered what?

Question: What is the only minimal pair that shows g is a separate phoneme?

Question: What does allophone mean?

Question: What does the tongue produce with g and x?
Russian_language

Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well.

Question: When did Eastern Slavs become the dominant group in the area of Ukraine?
Answer: approximately 1000 AD

Question: When was Kievan Rus' formed?
Answer: about 880

Question: What countries did Kievan Rus' become?
Answer: modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus

Question: What was the main language in Kievan Rus'?
Answer: Old East Slavic

Question: When did Kievan Rus' adopt Christianity?
Answer: 988

Question: What group of dialects did Christians speak in 1000 AD?

Question: When was Byzantine Greek formed?

Question: When were historic records first kept?

Question: What commercial language was adopted by Christians in 880?

Question: What countries trace their origins to Greece?
Russian_language

The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes. Many Russian novels of the 19th century, e.g. Leo Tolstoy's (Лев Толсто́й) War and Peace, contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given, with an assumption that educated readers would not need one.

Question: Where did Russian get specialized vocabulary from?
Answer: the languages of Western Europe

Question: What second language was common among Russian nobles by 1800?
Answer: French

Question: What third language was common among Russian nobles by 1800?
Answer: German

Question: Who wrote 'War and Peace'?
Answer: Leo Tolstoy

Question: What language often appeared in Russian novels without translation?
Answer: French

Question: In what year did Peter the Great come to power?

Question: What did Peter the Great write in 1800?

Question: What was Peter the Great's goal for writing War and Peace?

Question: How many Germans immigrated to France in 1800?

Question: What did Tolstoy write to reform Germany?
Russian_language

The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov (Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов), Nikolai Gogol (Никола́й Го́голь), Aleksander Griboyedov (Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.

Question: Who revolutionized modern Russian?
Answer: Alexander Pushkin

Question: What did Pushkin reject from older Russian?
Answer: archaic grammar and vocabulary

Question: What was 'high style'?
Answer: archaic grammar and vocabulary

Question: What happened to some expressions in Pushkin's writing?
Answer: became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech

Question: What dates from the time of Lermontov?

Question: How did Lermontov revolutionize Russian literature?

Question: What did Lermontov favor instead of archaic grammar and vocabulary?

Question: What kind of difficulties did Gogol have when reading Lermontov's texts?

Question: How many words used by Lermontov have become archaic?
Russian_language

During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.

Question: When did the USSR dissolve?
Answer: 1991

Question: When did the USSR make Russian the official language?
Answer: 1990

Question: What unofficial status did Russian have in the USSR before 1990?
Answer: the unifying role and superior status

Question: What was declared the official language of constituent republics in 1991?

Question: What policy fluctuated in practice in 1991?

Question: In what year did other ethnic groups discourage native language?

Question: In what year did constituent republics not have an official language?

Question: What was the national discourse about in 1990?
Russian_language

According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of further weakening of the Russian language in all regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly"). In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Currently the number speakers of Russian language in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world (as the main sources distribution Russian language) and total population Russia (where Russian is an official language).

Question: What department is the Research Center for Sociological Research part of?
Answer: Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)

Question: Who wrote "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries"?
Answer: A. L. Arefyev

Question: When was "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries" published?
Answer: 2012

Question: What does Arefyev say is happening to Russian?
Answer: In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages.

Question: What study was published in 2006?

Question: In what year did A. L. Arefyev work for Demoskop Weekly?

Question: What are local languages losing in general?

Question: What department is Demoskop Weekly a part of in Russia?

Question: What has A. L. Arefyev's position been at Demoskop Weekly since 2012?
United_States_Air_Force

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U.S. military to be formed, and is the largest and one of the world's most technologically advanced air forces. The USAF articulates its core functions as Nuclear Deterrence Operations, Special Operations, Air Superiority, Global Integrated ISR, Space Superiority, Command and Control, Cyberspace Superiority, Personnel Recovery, Global Precision Attack, Building Partnerships, Rapid Global Mobility and Agile Combat Support.

Question: What is the USAF?
Answer: the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces

Question: How many uniformed services are there in the United States?
Answer: seven

Question: When did the USAF split from the US Army?
Answer: 18 September 1947

Question: What act formed the USAF?
Answer: National Security Act of 1947

Question: What is one of the functions of the USAF?
Answer: Nuclear Deterrence Operations
United_States_Air_Force

The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. The highest-ranking military officer in the Department of the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, who exercises supervision over Air Force units, and serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Air Force combat and mobility forces are assigned, as directed by the Secretary of Defense, to the Combatant Commanders, and neither the Secretary of the Air Force nor the Chief of Staff have operational command authority over them.

Question: How many departments are there in the Department of Defense?
Answer: three

Question: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force currently report to? 
Answer: Secretary of Defense

Question: What branch of the government must confirm the President's appointment of the Secretary of the Air Force? 
Answer: Senate

Question: Who serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
Answer: Chief of Staff of the Air Force

Question: Who assigns combat missions to the Air Force? 
Answer: Secretary of Defense
United_States_Air_Force

Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipment, leadership, and education, personnel, and facilities spectrum. These core functions express the ways in which the Air Force is particularly and appropriately suited to contribute to national security, but they do not necessarily express every aspect of what the Air Force contributes to the nation. It should be emphasized that the core functions, by themselves, are not doctrinal constructs.

Question: How many core functions did the Air Force reduce its duties down to recently? 
Answer: twelve

Question: What do these core functions of the Air Force express? 
Answer: contribute to national security

Question: What are not considered doctrinal constructs of the Air Force? 
Answer: core functions
United_States_Air_Force

Assure/Dissuade/Deter is a mission set derived from the Air Force's readiness to carry out the nuclear strike operations mission as well as from specific actions taken to assure allies as a part of extended deterrence. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, contributes to promoting security and is also an integral part of this mission. Moreover, different deterrence strategies are required to deter various adversaries, whether they are a nation state, or non-state/transnational actor. The Air Force maintains and presents credible deterrent capabilities through successful visible demonstrations and exercises which assure allies, dissuade proliferation, deter potential adversaries from actions that threaten US national security or the populations and deployed military forces of the US, its allies and friends.

Question: What is the mission set of the Air Force called that includes nuclear strike operations? 
Answer: Assure/Dissuade/Deter

Question: How does the Air Force promote security to its allies? 
Answer: Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD

Question: What do potential adversaries threaten that the US Air Force prevents? 
Answer: US national security

Question: What is the US Air Force prepared to do to support its allies? 
Answer: carry out the nuclear strike operations mission
United_States_Air_Force

Nuclear strike is the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. If a crisis occurs, rapid generation and, if necessary, deployment of nuclear strike capabilities will demonstrate US resolve and may prompt an adversary to alter the course of action deemed threatening to our national interest. Should deterrence fail, the President may authorize a precise, tailored response to terminate the conflict at the lowest possible level and lead to a rapid cessation of hostilities. Post-conflict, regeneration of a credible nuclear deterrent capability will deter further aggression. The Air Force may present a credible force posture in either the Continental United States, within a theater of operations, or both to effectively deter the range of potential adversaries envisioned in the 21st century. This requires the ability to engage targets globally using a variety of methods; therefore, the Air Force should possess the ability to induct, train, assign, educate and exercise individuals and units to rapidly and effectively execute missions that support US NDO objectives. Finally, the Air Force regularly exercises and evaluates all aspects of nuclear operations to ensure high levels of performance.

Question: What is the definition of a nuclear strike? 
Answer: the ability of nuclear forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets

Question: What action by the US Air Force would deter adversaries from threatening US Security? 
Answer: deployment of nuclear strike capabilities

Question: Who has the authorization in the US to terminate a conflict?
Answer: President

Question: What organization does the US Air Force support on its missions? 
Answer: US NDO objectives

Question: What is one of the areas where the US Air Force might operate its missions? 
Answer: Continental United States
United_States_Air_Force

Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations. Because of their political and military importance, destructive power, and the potential consequences of an accident or unauthorized act, nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon systems require special consideration and protection against risks and threats inherent in their peacetime and wartime environments. The Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program. This program applies to materiel, personnel, and procedures that contribute to the safety, security, and control of nuclear weapons, thus assuring no nuclear accidents, incidents, loss, or unauthorized or accidental use (a Broken Arrow incident). The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements. Adversaries, allies, and the American people must be highly confident of the Air Force's ability to secure nuclear weapons from accidents, theft, loss, and accidental or unauthorized use. This day-to-day commitment to precise and reliable nuclear operations is the cornerstone of the credibility of the NDO mission. Positive nuclear command, control, communications; effective nuclear weapons security; and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function.

Question: What ensures the safety of nuclear operations? 
Answer: Nuclear surety

Question: What is a Broken Arrow incident in nuclear security? 
Answer: unauthorized or accidental use

Question: What is the mission of the NDO in regards to nuclear security? 
Answer: precise and reliable nuclear operations

Question: What is one of the five functions of NDO support? 
Answer: effective nuclear weapons security

Question: What other US departments does the Air Force coordinate with for nuclear security? 
Answer: Departments of Defense or Energy
United_States_Air_Force

Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as "offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source and typically enjoys the initiative. OCA comprises attack operations, sweep, escort, and suppression/destruction of enemy air defense.

Question: What does the abbreviation OCA stand for? 
Answer: Offensive Counterair

Question: What is the function or definition of the OCA according to JP 1-02?
Answer: offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms

Question: OCA is the preferred method of defeating what kind of attacks? 
Answer: air and missile threats

Question: What is one of the important functions of the OCA in dealing with attacks? 
Answer: suppression/destruction of enemy air defense
United_States_Air_Force

Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces can operate, secure from air and missile threats. The DCA mission comprises both active and passive defense measures. Active defense is "the employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy" (JP 1-02). It includes both ballistic missile defense and air breathing threat defense, and encompasses point defense, area defense, and high value airborne asset defense. Passive defense is "measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative" (JP 1-02). It includes detection and warning; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense; camouflage, concealment, and deception; hardening; reconstitution; dispersion; redundancy; and mobility, counter-measures, and stealth.

Question: What does the abbreviation DCA stand for? 
Answer: Defensive Counterair

Question: What sort of airspace is the DCA designed to protect?
Answer: friendly

Question: What is active defense, according to the functions of the DCA? 
Answer: employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks

Question: What kind of missile defense does active defense protect against, according to the DCA?
Answer: ballistic

Question: What is one of the many ways the DCA utilizes passive defense to protect from enemy attacks? 
Answer: counter-measures
United_States_Air_Force

Space superiority is "the degree of dominance in space of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air, space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force" (JP 1-02). Space superiority may be localized in time and space, or it may be broad and enduring. Space superiority provides freedom of action in space for friendly forces and, when directed, denies the same freedom to the adversary.

Question: What is the dominance in space of one force over another? 
Answer: Space superiority

Question: What does Space Superiority encompass? 
Answer: localized in time and space, or it may be broad and enduring

Question: Who does space superiority ensure freedom of action in space for? 
Answer: friendly forces

Question: What areas does Space Superiority operate in? 
Answer: land, sea, air, space
United_States_Air_Force

Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. This mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive space control); operations to deny an adversary's use of space capabilities (offensive space control); and the requisite current and predictive knowledge of the space environment and the operational environment upon which space operations depend (space situational awareness)" (JP 1-02).

Question: What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies? 
Answer: operations to ensure freedom of action in space

Question: What is one of the areas of operation that space control serves to protect? 
Answer: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack

Question: What is the operational environment that Space Control depends on? 
Answer: space situational awareness
United_States_Air_Force

This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, computer network defense (CND), and CNA techniques and may be a contributor to influence operations. It is highly dependent upon ISR, fused all-source intelligence, automated indications and warning, sophisticated attribution/characterization, situational awareness, assessment, and responsive C2.

Question: Who responds with the employment of capabilities where there is a threat?
Answer: Air Force

Question: What is the definition of CND?
Answer: computer network defense

Question: What does Cyberspace defense include?
Answer: CNE, computer network defense (CND), and CNA techniques

Question: What is one of the things that Cyberspace defense highly dependent on? 
Answer: fused all-source intelligence

Question: What branch of the military is in charge of Cyberspace defense? 
Answer: Air Force
United_States_Air_Force

Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, protect, and defend in order to sustain assigned networks and missions. This includes protection measures against supply chain components plus critical C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks. The cyberspace support mission incorporates CNE and CND techniques. It incorporates all elements of Air Force Network Operations, information transport, enterprise management, and information assurance, and is dependent on ISR and all-source intelligence.

Question: What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability? 
Answer: Cyberspace Support

Question: What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission?
Answer: sustain assigned networks and missions

Question: What important networks is it the function of Cyberspace support to protect?
Answer: C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks

Question: What techniques does the Cyberspace Support branch of the Air Force use? 
Answer: CNE and CND
United_States_Air_Force

Command and control is "the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the accomplishment of the mission" (JP 1-02). This core function includes all of the C2-related capabilities and activities associated with air, space, cyberspace, nuclear, and agile combat support operations to achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives.

Question: What is the definition of Command and Control in the Air Force operations? 
Answer: exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces

Question: Who is in charge of the Command and Control operations? 
Answer: commander in planning

Question: What is one of the C2 related functions that the Command and Control mission of the Air Force uses? 
Answer: agile combat support operations

Question: What are the main objectives of the Command and Control initiative? 
Answer: achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives
United_States_Air_Force

Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers.

Question: What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? 
Answer: Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations

Question: What is one of the ways that the Air Force uses Planning and Directing in its operations? 
Answer: development of appropriate intelligence architecture

Question: Who benefits from the process analysis and dissemination of this information? 
Answer: national and military decision makers
United_States_Air_Force

Special Operations are "operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives employing military capabilities for which there is no broad conventional force requirement. These operations may require covert, clandestine, or low-visibility capabilities. Special operations are applicable across the ROMO. They can be conducted independently or in conjunction with operations of conventional forces or other government agencies and may include operations through, with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces. Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets" (JP 1-02).

Question: What are Special Operations? 
Answer: operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments

Question: What are the goals of Special Operations? 
Answer: achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives

Question: What kind of forces can Special Operations missions employ? 
Answer: indigenous or surrogate

Question: What is one of the ways that Special Operations is different from conventional methods?
Answer: dependence on detailed operational intelligence
United_States_Air_Force

Airlift is "operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air in support of strategic, operational, or tactical objectives" (AFDD 3–17, Air Mobility Operations). The rapid and flexible options afforded by airlift allow military forces and national leaders the ability to respond and operate in a variety of situations and time frames. The global reach capability of airlift provides the ability to apply US power worldwide by delivering forces to crisis locations. It serves as a US presence that demonstrates resolve and compassion in humanitarian crisis.

Question: What is the definition of Airlift according to the Air Mobility Operations? 
Answer: operations to transport and deliver forces and materiel through the air

Question: What objectives does Airlift support? 
Answer: strategic, operational, or tactical

Question: How does the US employ the global reach capability of airlift? 
Answer: delivering forces to crisis locations

Question: What does this US presence represent during a humanitarian crisis? 
Answer: resolve and compassion
United_States_Air_Force

Aeromedical Evacuation is "the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation" (JP 1-02). JP 4-02, Health Service Support, further defines it as "the fixed wing movement of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities, using organic and/or contracted mobility airframes, with aircrew trained explicitly for this mission." Aeromedical evacuation forces can operate as far forward as fixed-wing aircraft are able to conduct airland operations.

Question: What is the movement of patients who need medical attention called?
Answer: Aeromedical Evacuation

Question: Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? 
Answer: Health Service Support

Question: Where does the Aeromedical Evacuation team transport casualties? 
Answer: to and between medical treatment facilities

Question: Who operates and is able to conduct airland missions? 
Answer: Aeromedical evacuation forces
United_States_Air_Force

Personnel Recovery (PR) is defined as "the sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel" (JP 1-02). It is the ability of the US government and its international partners to effect the recovery of isolated personnel across the ROMO and return those personnel to duty. PR also enhances the development of an effective, global capacity to protect and recover isolated personnel wherever they are placed at risk; deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda; and develop joint, interagency, and international capabilities that contribute to crisis response and regional stability.

Question: What does the abbreviation PR stand for in terms of the US military?
Answer: Personnel Recovery

Question: What is the definition of a Personnel Recovery mission? 
Answer: military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel

Question: What is one of the ways that PR uses its capabilities in a crisis? 
Answer: deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda

Question: What are the types of international duties of the PR mission? 
Answer: crisis response and regional stability
United_States_Air_Force

Humanitarian Assistance Operations are "programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. Humanitarian assistance provided by US forces is limited in scope and duration. The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance" (JP 1-02).

Question: What are programs that are designed to help with natural or manmade disaters? 
Answer: Humanitarian Assistance Operations

Question: What kinds of endemic conditions do the Human Assistance Operations entail? 
Answer: human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life

Question: What kind of Humanitarian assistance is supplied by the US Forces?
Answer: limited

Question: Who is the Humanitarian support intended to help? 
Answer: host nation civil authorities or agencies
United_States_Air_Force

Building Partnerships is described as airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security. Building Partnerships is about interacting with others and is therefore an inherently inter-personal and cross-cultural undertaking. Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit. It includes both foreign partners as well as domestic partners and emphasizes collaboration with foreign governments, militaries and populations as well as US government departments, agencies, industry, and NGOs. To better facilitate partnering efforts, Airmen should be competent in the relevant language, region, and culture.

Question: What does Building Partnerships relate to in the Air Force? 
Answer: airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors

Question: What are the goals of the Building Partnership interactions?
Answer: develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security

Question: What sort of inter-personal relationships does Building Partnerships encourage? 
Answer: cross-cultural

Question: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions?
Answer: building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit

Question: What are Airmen expected to be competent in for these Building Partnerships missions?
Answer: relevant language, region, and culture
United_States_Air_Force

The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlisted casualties. In practice, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) was virtually independent of the Army during World War II, but officials wanted formal independence. The National Security Act of 1947 was signed on on 26 July 1947 by President Harry S Truman, which established the Department of the Air Force, but it was not not until 18 September 1947, when the first secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington was sworn into office that the Air Force was officially formed.

Question: Who created the first version of the US Air Force in 1907?
Answer: U.S. War Department

Question: When did the US Air Force separate from the War Department? 
Answer: 40 years later

Question: How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII? 
Answer: 68,000

Question: What does the USAAF stand for? 
Answer: U.S. Army Air Forces

Question: Who signed the National Security Act of 1947? 
Answer: President Harry S Truman
United_States_Air_Force

The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was shared between the Army (for land-based operations), the Navy (for sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft), and the Marine Corps (for close air support of infantry operations). The 1940s proved to be important in other ways as well. In 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his X-1 rocket-powered aircraft, beginning a new era of aeronautics in America.

Question: What was the National Military Establishment renamed in 1949?
Answer: Department of Defense

Question: How many subordinate divisions did the National Military Establishment contain?
Answer: three

Question: What does the US Navy's responsibilities include?
Answer: sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft

Question: Who is in charge of closed air support of infantry operations? 
Answer: Marine Corps

Question: What American broke the sound barrier in 1947?
Answer: Captain Chuck Yeager
United_States_Air_Force

Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

Question: What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005?
Answer: Basic Military Training

Question: What is the deployment phase of BMT called? 
Answer: BEAST

Question: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT? 
Answer: directing search and recovery

Question: Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT?
Answer: Military Training Instructors
United_States_Air_Force

In 2007, the USAF undertook a Reduction-in-Force (RIF). Because of budget constraints, the USAF planned to reduce the service's size from 360,000 active duty personnel to 316,000. The size of the active duty force in 2007 was roughly 64% of that of what the USAF was at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991. However, the reduction was ended at approximately 330,000 personnel in 2008 in order to meet the demand signal of combatant commanders and associated mission requirements. These same constraints have seen a sharp reduction in flight hours for crew training since 2005 and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Personnel directing Airmen's Time Assessments.

Question: What year did the USAF take a Reduction-in-force?
Answer: 2007

Question: Why did the USAF plan to take a reduction-in-force?
Answer: budget constraints

Question: How many USAF personnel did the reduction end in during 2008?
Answer: 330,000

Question: What has there been a sharp reduction in during the years following 2005 in the USAF?
Answer: flight hours for crew training
United_States_Air_Force

On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley. Gates in effect fired both men for "systemic issues associated with declining Air Force nuclear mission focus and performance." This followed an investigation into two embarrassing incidents involving mishandling of nuclear weapons: specifically a nuclear weapons incident aboard a B-52 flight between Minot AFB and Barksdale AFB, and an accidental shipment of nuclear weapons components to Taiwan. The resignations were also the culmination of disputes between the Air Force leadership, populated primarily by non-nuclear background fighter pilots, versus Gates. To put more emphasis on nuclear assets, the USAF established the nuclear-focused Air Force Global Strike Command on 24 October 2008.

Question: Who was Robert Gates? 
Answer: Secretary of Defense

Question: What Secretary of the Air Force resigned in 2008?
Answer: Michael Wynne

Question: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008?
Answer: General T. Michael Moseley

Question: Where did the US Air Force accidentally ship a component of Nuclear Weapons? 
Answer: Taiwan

Question: When was the Air Force Global Strike Command formed?
Answer: 24 October 2008
United_States_Air_Force

Due to the Budget sequestration in 2013, the USAF was forced to ground many of its squadrons. The Commander of Air Combat Command, General Mike Hostage indicated that the USAF must reduce its F-15 and F-16 fleets and eliminate platforms like the A-10 in order to focus on a fifth-generation jet fighter future. In response to squadron groundings and flight time reductions, many Air Force pilots have opted to resign from active duty and enter the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard while pursuing careers in the commercial airlines where they can find flight hours on more modern aircraft.

Question: Why was the USAF forced to ground some of its squadrons in 2013?
Answer: Budget sequestration

Question: Who was the Commander of Air Combat Command in 2013?
Answer: General Mike Hostage

Question: Why have many US Air Force pilots opted to resign from active service? 
Answer: squadron groundings and flight time reductions

Question: Where have many of these US Air Force pilots chosen to find employment instead? 
Answer: careers in the commercial airlines
United_States_Air_Force

The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.

Question: Who is the Department of the Air Force managed by?
Answer: Secretary of the Air Force

Question: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force report to?
Answer: Secretary of Defense

Question: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council?
Answer: President

Question: Upon whom does the President call on for support in his appointments to the USAF?
Answer: Senate

Question: Who does the senior leadership roles in the USAF include? 
Answer: Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
United_States_Air_Force

The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR). In the case of AFSPC, AFSOC, PACAF, and USAFE units, forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR. Likewise, AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR.

Question: Who directs the Secretary of the Air Force during operational missions? 
Answer: Secretary of Defense

Question: What does the abbreviation CHOP stand for? 
Answer: Change in Operational Control

Question: Who is in charge of these Change in Operational Control missions? 
Answer: Regional Combatant Commander

Question: Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to?
Answer: USTRANSCOM
United_States_Air_Force

"Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC).

Question: What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF?
Answer: forces

Question: What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF? 
Answer: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force

Question: What does the C-NAF provide support to?
Answer: planning and execution of aerospace forces

Question: Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions?
Answer: JFC
United_States_Air_Force

AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed. There are additional occupational fields such as computer specialties, mechanic specialties, enlisted aircrew, communication systems, cyberspace operations, avionics technicians, medical specialties, civil engineering, public affairs, hospitality, law, drug counseling, mail operations, security forces, and search and rescue specialties.

Question: What kind of AFSC is a JAG?
Answer: judge advocate general

Question: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF? 
Answer: missile launch officer

Question: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF?
Answer: computer specialties