Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Dutch_language

After independence, Dutch was dropped as an official language and replaced by Malay. Yet the Indonesian language inherited many words from Dutch: words for everyday life as well as scientific and technological terms. One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words can be traced back to Dutch words, many of which are transliterated to reflect phonetic pronunciation e.g. kantoor (Dutch for "office") in Indonesian is kantor, while bus ("bus") becomes bis. In addition, many Indonesian words are calques on Dutch, for example, rumah sakit (Indonesian for "hospital") is calqued on the Dutch ziekenhuis (literally "house of the sick"), kebun binatang ("zoo") on dierentuin (literally "animal garden"), undang-undang dasar ("constitution") from grondwet (literally "ground law"). These account for some of the differences in vocabulary between Indonesian and Malay.

Question: What became the official language of Indonesia after they declared their independence?
Answer: Malay

Question: What's the Indonesian word for "office"? 
Answer: kantor

Question: What term describes the literally translated Indonesian versions of Dutch terms that have become standard?
Answer: calques

Question: What Dutch word for a hospital was calqued into the Indonesian "rumah sakit"?
Answer: ziekenhuis

Question: What is the Indonesian calque for the Dutch word that literally translates as "animal garden"?
Answer: kebun binatang
Dutch_language

In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.

Question: What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records?
Answer: 1921

Question: What Dutch-based language popped up in the area of Albany, New York?
Answer: Mohawk Dutch

Question: What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect?
Answer: Pennsylvania German

Question: Which Dutch dialect was once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands?
Answer: Negerhollands

Question: In what country were the Berbice and Skepi dialects spoken?
Answer: Guyana
Dutch_language

European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard. In 1925, section 137 of the 1909 constitution of the Union of South Africa was amended by Act 8 of 1925, stating "the word Dutch in article 137 [...] is hereby declared to include Afrikaans". The constitution of 1983 only listed English and Afrikaans as official languages. It is estimated that between 90% to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin.

Question: In what decade did European Dutch yield to the local dialect in South Africa?
Answer: 1920s

Question: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch?
Answer: 95%

Question: What South African document from 1983 doesn't list Dutch as an official language?
Answer: constitution

Question: What section of the constitution was changed by Act 8 of 1925 to include Afrikaans with Dutch?
Answer: 137

Question: What pressure influenced the shift in South Africa from the use of European Dutch in the 1920s?
Answer: Afrikaner nationalism
Dutch_language

Both languages are still largely mutually intelligible, although this relation can in some fields (such as lexicon, spelling and grammar) be asymmetric, as it is easier for Dutch speakers to understand written Afrikaans than it is for Afrikaans speakers to understand written Dutch. Afrikaans is grammatically far less complex than Dutch, and vocabulary items are generally altered in a clearly patterned manner, e.g. vogel becomes voël ("bird") and regen becomes reën ("rain"). In South Africa, the number of students following Dutch at university, is difficult to estimate, since the academic study of Afrikaans inevitably includes the study of Dutch. Elsewhere in the world, the number of people learning Dutch is relatively small.

Question: Who has a more difficult time understanding the other's language: Dutch speakers or Afrikaans speakers?
Answer: Afrikaans speakers

Question: Is Afrikaans more or less complex compared to Dutch?
Answer: less complex

Question: What's the Dutch word for "bird"?
Answer: vogel

Question: What is the Afrikaans word for "rain"?
Answer: reën

Question: Is it difficult or easy to estimate the number of students in South Africa who study Dutch?
Answer: difficult
Dutch_language

Unlike other Germanic languages, Dutch doesn't have phonological aspiration of consonants. Like English, Dutch did not participate in the second consonant shift. Like most Germanic languages, the Dutch consonant system did not undergo the High German consonant shift and has a syllable structure that allows fairly complex consonant clusters. Dutch also retains full use of the velar fricatives that were present in Proto-Germanic, but lost or modified in many other Germanic languages. Dutch has final-obstruent devoicing: at the end of a word, voicing distinction is neutralised and all obstruents are pronounced voiceless. For example, goede ("good") is /ˈɣudə/ but the related form goed is /ɣut/. Dutch shares with German Final-obstruent devoicing (Du brood [broːt] and German Brot vs Eng bread).

Question: What sound does Dutch still use from Proto-Germanic that was phased out in other Germanic languages?
Answer: velar fricatives

Question: Along with English, what pronunciation shift did Dutch not undergo?
Answer: the second consonant shift

Question: How are obstruents pronounced at the end of Dutch words?
Answer: voiceless

Question: How would you say "good" in Dutch?
Answer: goede

Question: What language other than Dutch also employs final-obstruent devoicing?
Answer: German
Dutch_language

Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, Ochsen and Eng foxes, oxen), and also the development of /ft/ → /xt/ though it is far more common in Dutch (Du zacht and LG sacht vs. Germ sanft and Eng soft, but Du kracht vs. LG/Germ kraft and Eng cognate craft).

Question: Is the voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives more common in Dutch or German?
Answer: German

Question: Does the development of /ft/ to /xt/ occur more in Low German or Dutch?
Answer: Dutch

Question: What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German?
Answer: seven

Question: What's the German word for "seven"?
Answer: sieben

Question: Although spelled differently, the first consonant of what Dutch word for "seven" is pronounced the same as its German counterpart?
Answer: zeven
Dutch_language

Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, and in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature. And while it is true that older words always pair vowel length with a change in vowel quality, new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length. Compare zonne(n) [ˈzɔnə] ("suns") versus zone [ˈzɔːnə] ("zone") versus zonen [ˈzoːnə(n)] ("sons"), or kroes [krus] ("mug") versus cruise [kruːs] ("cruise").

Question: What quality of Dutch vowels isn't usually recognized as distinctive?
Answer: length

Question: Is it true or false that older Dutch words combine changes in vowel length and vowel quality?
Answer: true

Question: How would you say "sons" in Dutch?
Answer: zonen

Question: Since vowel quality changes might be very slight between dialects, what's the main vowel feature used to differentiate them?
Answer: length

Question: What does the Dutch word "kroes" mean in English?
Answer: mug
Dutch_language

Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt, bold. This is the most common diphthong along with /ɛi œy/. All three are commonly the only ones considered unique phonemes in Dutch. The tendency for native English speakers is to pronounce Dutch names with /ɛi/ (written as ij or ei) as /aɪ/, (like the English vowel y) which does not normally lead to confusion among native listeners, since in a number of dialects (e.g. in Amsterdam) the same pronunciation is heard.

Question: What letter represents the sound native English speakers often use for Dutch names with "ij" or "ei" in them?
Answer: y

Question: How many unique phenomes are usually attributed to Dutch?
Answer: three

Question: What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch "goud" or "zout"?
Answer: diphthong

Question: What pronunciation did the older Dutch ol/ul/al + dental evolve into?
Answer: ol + dental
Dutch_language

This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the English Great Vowel Shift, and the diphthongisation of long high vowels in Modern High German, which centuries earlier reached the state now found in Polder Dutch. Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well.

Question: What linguistic event in English could we parallel with the Dutch lowering of diphthongs?
Answer: English Great Vowel Shift

Question: In what decade did the Dutch diphthong lowering occur?
Answer: 1970s

Question: The lowering of diphthongs is intriguing partly because it's associated with what single gender?
Answer: women

Question: What researcher posited that the lowering of diphthongs is "natural"?
Answer: Stroop

Question: Which language, in addition to German, did Stroop use to compare Dutch with when stating that the diphthongs "should" have lowered?
Answer: English
Dutch_language

Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

Question: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation?
Answer: "intermediate"

Question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?
Answer: educated classes

Question: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?
Answer: Estuary English

Question: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?
Answer: standardisation

Question: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?
Answer: lowered diphthongs
Dutch_language

Standard Dutch uses three genders to differentiate between natural gender and three when discerning grammatical gender. But for most non-Belgian speakers, the masculine and feminine genders have merged to form the common gender (de), while the neuter (het) remains distinct as before. This gender system is similar to those of most Continental Scandinavian languages. As in English, but to a lesser degree, the inflectional grammar of the language (e.g., adjective and noun endings) has simplified over time.

Question: How many genders does standard Dutch use for both natural and grammatical gender?
Answer: three

Question: What gender does the majority of non-Belgian Dutch speakers use instead of the masculine and feminine?
Answer: the common gender

Question: Apart from the common gender in non-Belgian Dutch, what other gender do speakers use?
Answer: neuter

Question: The common/neuter system used in Dutch is a lot like the system used in what other language category?
Answer: Continental Scandinavian languages

Question: In its simplified inflectional grammar, what language is Dutch similar to?
Answer: English
Dutch_language

The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural). Nouns and adjectives are not case inflected (except for the genitive of proper nouns (names): -s, -'s or -'). In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects.

Question: What's the Dutch word for "my"?
Answer: mijn

Question: Over what span of time have the rules for written Dutch become less complicated?
Answer: 100 years

Question: What part of speech does Dutch mostly use cases for?
Answer: pronouns

Question: Which parts of speech aren't normally case-specific in Dutch?
Answer: Nouns and adjectives

Question: In what century long before Dutch did most West Germanic dialects probably lose case inflection?
Answer: 15th
Dutch_language

More complex inflection is still found in certain lexicalized expressions like de heer des huizes (literally, the man of the house), etc. These are usually remnants of cases (in this instance, the genitive case which is still used in German, cf. Der Herr des Hauses) and other inflections no longer in general use today. In such lexicalized expressions remnants of strong and weak nouns can be found too, e.g. in het jaar des Heren (Anno Domini), where "-en" is actually the genitive ending of the weak noun. Also in this case, German retains this feature. Though the genitive is widely avoided in speech.

Question: What case no longer used in Dutch is still present in German phrases like "Der Herr des Hauses"?
Answer: genitive

Question: How would you say "the man of the house" in Dutch?
Answer: de heer des huizes

Question: What word described standalone expressions that retain some outdated convention as an exception?
Answer: lexicalized

Question: Which word in the phrase "het jaar des Heren" is a weak noun with a genitive ending added?
Answer: Heren
Dutch_language

In an interrogative main clause the usual word order is: conjugated verb followed by subject; other verbs in final position: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?" (literally "Can you your pen not find?") "Can't you find your pen?"
In the Dutch equivalent of a wh-question the word order is: interrogative pronoun (or expression) + conjugated verb + subject; other verbs in final position: "Waarom kun jij je pen niet vinden?" ("Why can you your pen not find?") "Why can't you find your pen?""
In a tag question the word order is the same as in a declarative clause: "Jij kunt je pen niet vinden?" ("You can your pen not find?") "You can't find your pen?""
A subordinate clause does not change its word order: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden omdat het veel te donker is?" ("Can you your pen not find because it far too dark is?") "Can you not find your pen because it's too dark?""

Question: In what type of Dutch clause does the subject usually follow the conjugated verb?
Answer: interrogative main clause

Question: What's the English type equivalent for the Dutch word order that is an interrogative pronoun/expression, then a verb followed by a subject?
Answer: a wh-question

Question: What type of clause has the same word order in Dutch as a tag question?
Answer: declarative clause

Question: What never changes in a subordinate clause in Dutch?
Answer: word order

Question: What is the literal translation of the Dutch phrase, "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?"
Answer: "Can you your pen not find?"
Dutch_language

In Dutch, the diminutive is not merely restricted to nouns and exist in numerals (met z'n tweetjes, "the two of us"), pronouns (onderonsje, "tête-à-tête"), verbal particles (moetje, "shotgun marriage"), and even prepositions (toetje, "dessert"). Most notable however, are the diminutive forms of adjectives and adverbs. The former take an diminutive ending and thus functions as a noun, the latter remain adverbs and have always the diminutive with the -s appended, e.g. adjective: groen ("green") → noun: groentje ("rookie"); adverb: even ("just") → adverb: eventjes ("just a minute").

Question: What word do Dutch speakers use for what we call a "shotgun marriage"?
Answer: moetje

Question: In Dutch, what part of speech does an adjective with a diminutive ending become?
Answer: noun

Question: When the diminutive ending "-tjes" is added to the adverb "even," as what part of speech does it function?
Answer: adverb

Question: What's the Dutch word for "green"?
Answer: groen

Question: With the diminutive ending "-tje" added to the Dutch word for "green," what does the new formation translate to in English?
Answer: rookie
Dutch_language

Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid (maid), have acquired a meaning independent of their non-diminutive forms. A diminutive can sometimes be added to an uncountable noun to refer to a single portion: ijs (ice, ice cream) → ijsje (ice cream treat, cone of ice cream), bier (beer) → biertje. Some diminutive forms only exist in plural, e.g. kleertjes (clothing).

Question: Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"?
Answer: bloemetje

Question: What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form?
Answer: zeepaardje

Question: What Dutch word did their word for "girl" come from that has a totally different meaning?
Answer: meid

Question: What's the Dutch word for the items like shirts and pants that you wear that only exists in a plural form?
Answer: kleertjes

Question: Sometimes uncountable nouns in Dutch get a diminutive ending to make them refer to what, like an ice cream cone?
Answer: a single portion
Dutch_language

Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century by grammarians, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms hun and hen are interchangeable in normal usage, with hun being more common. The shared unstressed form ze is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use.

Question: What language besides Dutch uses the dative case instead of the accusative for pronouns?
Answer: English

Question: In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object?
Answer: hen

Question: When did the grammarians first draw the line between third person plural pronouns for Dutch?
Answer: 17th century

Question: Since most Dutch speakers don't bother with the hen/hun rule, which of the two most often gets used?
Answer: hun

Question: When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use?
Answer: ze
Dutch_language

Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be.

Question: How would a Dutch speaker say "doghouse"?
Answer: hondenhok

Question: Is Dutch like or unlike English in its treatment of compound nouns?
Answer: Unlike

Question: "Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch?
Answer: boomhuis

Question: What language is like Dutch in allowing compounds to be any length?
Answer: German

Question: In English, what usually separates newer compound nouns written in open form?
Answer: spaces
Dutch_language

Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, with an additional share of loanwords of 20%. The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords. Latin, that has been spoken for centuries in the south of the Low Countries, and has since then for centuries plaid a major role as the language of science and religion, follows with 6.1%. High German and Low German, influential until the mid of the 19th century, account for 2.7%, but are mostly unrecognizable since many German loanwords have been "Dutchified", e.g. German "Fremdling" become Dutch "vreemdeling". From English, Dutch has taken over words since the middle of the 19th century, as a consequence of the gaining power of Britain and the United States. The share of English loanwords is about 1.5%, but this number is still on the increase. Conversely, Dutch contributed many loanwords to English, accounting for 1.3%.

Question: What percentage of loanwords are present in Dutch vocabulary?
Answer: 20%

Question: What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century?
Answer: French

Question: What language does Dutch get its second highest percentage of loanwords from?
Answer: Latin

Question: Together, what percentage of Dutch loanwords comes from High and Low German?
Answer: 2.7%

Question: In the loanword sharing between Dutch and English, which language got the higher percentage of loanwords?
Answer: Dutch
Dutch_language

Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language. An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container). The diaeresis (Dutch: trema) is used to mark vowels that are pronounced separately when involving a pre- or suffix. Whereas a hyphen is used when this problem occurs in compound words. For example; "beïnvloed" (influenced), but zee-eend (sea duck). Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms. Its most common use is to differentiate between the indefinite article 'een' (a, an) and the numeral 'één' (one).

Question: How many extra characters does Dutch have in addition to the standard alphabet?
Answer: one

Question: What's the name for the additional character Dutch uses?
Answer: digraph

Question: Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling?
Answer: doubled letters

Question: What is an example of a Dutch word that has double vowels or consonants five times in a row?
Answer: voorraaddoos

Question: What's the name for the type of accent that Dutch used to mark the difference between the word for "a" or "an" and the word for "one"?
Answer: acute accent
Buckingham_Palace

Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Question: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as?
Answer: Buckingham House

Question: Who was Buckingham Palace was originally built for?
Answer: Duke of Buckingham

Question: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?
Answer: King George III

Question: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte resided there?
Answer: "The Queen's House"

Question: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 19th century?
Answer: John Nash and Edward Blore

Question: For whom was Buckingham house originally built?
Answer: Duke of Buckingham

Question: Who enlarged the house in the 19th century?
Answer: John Nash and Edward Blore

Question: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?
Answer: 1837

Question: What is Buckingham Palace currently known as?

Question: Who was Buckingham Palace originally built to oppose?

Question: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1751?

Question: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte died there?

Question: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 17th century?
Buckingham_Palace

The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September, and on selected days in winter and spring.

Question: What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII?
Answer: Belle Époque cream and gold

Question: What original colors from the 19th century were used on the advice of Sir Charles Long?
Answer: brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis

Question: How many rooms does the palace have?
Answer: 775 rooms

Question: In which style are many of the smaller reception rooms furnished in?
Answer: Chinese regency style

Question: What house were many of the furniture and fittings brought from?
Answer: Carlton House

Question: Who suggested the use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis?
Answer: Sir Charles Long

Question: Who oversaw the redecoration that used a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme?
Answer: King Edward VII

Question: Smaller reception rooms are decorated in which style?
Answer: Chinese regency style

Question: Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house?
Answer: Carlton House

Question: What colors were removed in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII?

Question: What original colors from the 18th century were used on the advice of Sir Charles Long?

Question: How many rooms does the palace have closed off?

Question: Which style are none of the reception rooms furnished in?

Question: What house were many of the furniture and fittings lost from?
Buckingham_Palace

In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

Question: Which river runs underneath the palace?
Answer: river Tyburn

Question: The site of the palace was once owned by which queen consort in the late Saxon times?
Answer: Edith of Wessex

Question: Who did William the Conqueror give the site of the palace to?
Answer: Geoffrey de Mandeville

Question: The site was passed to monks from which abbey?
Answer: Westminster Abbey

Question: The site of the palace formed part of which Manor in the Middles ages?
Answer: Manor of Ebury

Question: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?
Answer: Eye Cross

Question: Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster?
Answer: Geoffrey de Mandeville

Question: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?
Answer: Manor of Ebury

Question: Which river runs above the palace?

Question: Which queen consort in the late Saxon times once rented the site of the palace?

Question: Who did William the Conqueror buy the site of the palace from?

Question: Which abbey refused to have the site passed to the monks?

Question: What was the name of the village that burned at Cow Ford?
Buckingham_Palace

Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.

Question: Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 17th century?
Answer: Sir Hugh Audley

Question: Which village had fallen into decay?
Answer: Eye Cross

Question: Who established a mulberry garden on the property?
Answer: James I

Question: What product did the mulberry garden produce?
Answer: silk

Question: Who suggests that the mulberry garden is likely a place for debauchery?
Answer: Clement Walker

Question: What about the palace was subject to speculation in the 17th century?
Answer: the freehold

Question: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century?
Answer: Eye Cross

Question: Who sold off part of the Crown Freehold?
Answer: James I

Question: What type of garden did James I create?
Answer: mulberry

Question: What did the mulberry garden produce?
Answer: silk.

Question: Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 19th century?

Question: Which village had become overpopulated?

Question: Who destroyed a mulberry garden on the property?

Question: What product did the mulberry garden avoid?

Question: What about the palace was subject to speculation in the 15th century?
Buckingham_Palace

Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.

Question: Who built the first house on the site?
Answer: Sir William Blake

Question: Which owner developed much of the garden still seen today?
Answer: Lord Goring

Question: What was Lord Goring's garden known as?
Answer: Goring Great Garden

Question: Under which king did the Royal Family regain the freehold title of the property? 
Answer: King George III

Question: Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London?
Answer: King Charles I

Question: Who owned the first house built on the site?
Answer: Sir William Blake

Question: Who developed what is much of today's garden at Buckingham?
Answer: Lord Goring

Question: What was the name of Lord Goring Garden?
Answer: Goring Great Garden

Question: Which king fled to London leaving allowing the Royal family to keep it's freehold on the property?
Answer: King Charles I

Question: Who demolished the first house on the site?

Question: Which owner developed none of the garden still seen today?

Question: What was Lord Goring's garden mistakenly known as?

Question: Which king executed Goring's freehold document before staying in London?

Question: Who removed the last house built on the site?
Buckingham_Palace

The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.

Question: In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace?
Answer: 1703

Question: Who sold Buckingham house in 1761?
Answer: Sir Charles Sheffield

Question: How much did George III pay for the house?
Answer: £21,000

Question: In what year was the leasehold of the Mulberry site due to expire?
Answer: 1774

Question: How many flanking service wings did the original Buckingham House have?
Answer: two

Question: The house which is the core of Buckingham was first built for who?
Answer: Duke of Buckingham and Normanby

Question: Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?
Answer: William Winde

Question: How many flanking service wings did Buckingham House have?
Answer: two

Question: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?
Answer: George III

Question: How much did George III pay for Buckingham House? 
Answer: £21,000

Question: What year did William Winde burn the house which forms the core of the palace?

Question: Who sold Buckingham house in 1741?

Question: How much did George II pay for the house?

Question: How many flanking service wings did the original Buckingham House remove?

Question: Who bought Buckingham House in 1781?
Buckingham_Palace

Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution. The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. At one stage, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament, after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834.

Question: What did King George IV originally want the structure to be?
Answer: a small, comfortable home

Question: King William thought about converting the palace into what after a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster in 1834?
Answer: new Houses of Parliament

Question: Which architect helped modify the house into a palace?
Answer: John Nash

Question: In what year was Nash removed as architect?
Answer: 1829

Question: Who was hired in 1830 to finish the work on the palace?
Answer: Edward Blore

Question: What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin?
Answer: 1762

Question: What was George IV's original plan for the house? 
Answer: a small, comfortable home

Question: What year did the king decide to make it into a palace?
Answer: 1826

Question: Who was the main architect that transformed the house into the palace?
Answer: John Nash

Question: Who did King William IV hired to finish the work after Nash was fired?
Answer: Edward Blore

Question: What did King George IV originally make the structure to be?

Question: Which architect helped modify the palace into a house?

Question: What year was Nash promoted as architect?

Question: Who was fired in 1830 to finish the work on the palace?

Question: What year did remodeling of Buckingham House become banned?
Buckingham_Palace

Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.

Question: Who was the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace?
Answer: Queen Victoria

Question: Who died before the palace was completed?
Answer: William IV

Question: Buckingham became a principle residence for the Royal Family in which year?
Answer: 1837

Question: What was the problem with chimneys in the palace?
Answer: the chimneys smoked

Question: At the end of which year were most of the design problems of the palace rectified under Prince Albert?
Answer: 1840

Question: When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence?
Answer: 1837

Question: Who was the first monarch to reside there?
Answer: Queen Victoria

Question: Who died before seeing Buckingham Palace's completion?
Answer: William IV

Question: What was the problem with the palace's chimneys?
Answer: the chimneys smoked

Question: Who dealt with the design faults of the palace?
Answer: Prince Albert

Question: Who was the only monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace?

Question: Who died right as the palace was completed?

Question: What was the best thing about chimneys in the palace?

Question: When did Buckingham officially become the only royal residence?

Question: Who was the worst monarch to reside there?
Buckingham_Palace

By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

Question: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?
Answer: Edward Blore

Question: The new wing was built by whom?
Answer: Thomas Cubitt

Question: What is the East front of the palace known as?
Answer: "public face" of Buckingham Palace

Question: The East Front contains what famous feature?
Answer: the balcony

Question: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?
Answer: Sir James Pennethorne.

Question: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?
Answer: Edward Blore

Question: Who built the new wing?
Answer: Thomas Cubitt

Question: What is considered the public face of the palace?
Answer: The large East Front

Question: What other wing was built during this time?
Answer: The ballroom wing

Question: Which of Nash's students designed The Ballroom?
Answer: Sir James Pennethorne

Question: Who designed the blue wing for the palace in 1837?

Question: What is the West front of the palace described as?

Question: Who was the teacher of Nash that destroyed the ballroom wing?

Question: What is considered the private nose of the palace?

Question: What other wing was removed during this time?
Buckingham_Palace

Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer Felix Mendelssohn is known to have played there on three occasions. Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England. Strauss's "Alice Polka" was first performed at the palace in 1849 in honour of the queen's daughter, Princess Alice. Under Victoria, Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls, in addition to the usual royal ceremonies, investitures and presentations.

Question: The palace frequently hosted which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert?
Answer: musical entertainments

Question: Which composer played at Buckingham on three occasions?
Answer: Felix Mendelssohn

Question: Which piece of music by Johann Strauss was first performed at Buckingham in honor of Princess Alice?
Answer: Alice Polka

Question: Queen Victoria hosted which type of balls?
Answer: lavish costume balls

Question: Before Prince Albert died what sort of entertainment was held at Buckingham?
Answer: musical entertainments

Question: Which composer played there on three occasions?
Answer: Felix Mendelssohn

Question: Who performed Alice Polka in honor of Princess Alice?
Answer: Johann Strauss II

Question: What type of balls did Queen Victoria hold?
Answer: lavish costume balls

Question: Which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert were never hosted by the palace?

Question: Which composer played at Buckingham on eight occasions?

Question: Who performed Alice Polka in opposition of Princess Alice?

Question: What type of balls did Queen Victoria avoid?

Question: What sort of entertainment was banned at Buckingham before Prince Albert died?
Buckingham_Palace

Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

Question: When year did Prince Albert die?
Answer: 1861

Question: What forced the Queen to return to London?
Answer: public opinion

Question: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?
Answer: the palace was seldom used, even neglected.

Question: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?
Answer: Windsor Castle

Question: When did Prince Albert die?
Answer: 1861

Question: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?
Answer: left Buckingham Palace

Question: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?
Answer: Osborne House

Question: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?
Answer: palace was seldom used, even neglected

Question: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?
Answer: Windsor Castle

Question: When year did Prince Albert resurrect?

Question: What forced the Queen to leave London forever?

Question: Where were court functions held upon the Queens exile from London?

Question: What did Queen Victoria do in response to Prince Albert's birth?
Buckingham_Palace

The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, or the Forbidden City. There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. The principal rooms are contained on the piano nobile behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase. The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a tribune lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining, but are open to the public every summer.

Question: How many principle bedrooms does the palace have?
Answer: 52

Question: How many bathrooms are there?
Answer: 78

Question: A large bow is a large feature of the facade in which stateroom?
Answer: the Music Room

Question: How long is the Picture Gallery in yards?
Answer: 55 yards

Question: Which rooms has large white marble statues of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria?
Answer: The Guard Room

Question: What is the floor space of the palace?
Answer: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)

Question: How many staterooms does the palace have?
Answer: 19 state rooms

Question: How many bathrooms does the palace have?
Answer: 78 bathrooms

Question: How many offices does the palace have?
Answer: 92 offices

Question: How many principle bedrooms does the palace spy on?

Question: How many bathrooms are made from gold there?

Question: Which stateroom has a small bow as a feature of the facade?

Question: How long is the Picture Gallery in miles?

Question: How many offices in the palace have closed indefinitely?