Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Punjab,_Pakistan

As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked.

Question: What kind of problem caused riots in June 2012?
Answer: electricity

Question: How long were cities without electricity in June 2012?
Answer: 20–22 hours a day

Question: Where were there riots in June 2012?
Answer: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District

Question: Which energy companies' offices were attacked by rioters?
Answer: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco

Question: When was Pakistan's electricity problem solved?

Question: How long was the rioting on 17 June 2012?

Question: What city houses the offices of Fesco?

Question: Which energy supplier rioted?

Question: Who was responsible for the load shedding?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The structure of a mosque is simple and it expresses openness. Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran decorate mosques and mausoleums in Punjab. The inscriptions on bricks and tiles of the mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (1320 AD) at Multan are outstanding specimens of architectural calligraphy. The earliest existing building in South Asia with enamelled tile-work is the tomb of Shah Yusuf Gardezi (1150 AD) at Multan. A specimen of the sixteenth century tile-work at Lahore is the tomb of Sheikh Musa Ahangar, with its brilliant blue dome. The tile-work of Emperor Shah Jahan is of a richer and more elaborate nature. The pictured wall of Lahore Fort is the last line in the tile-work in the entire world.

Question: What kind of inscriptions decorate Punjab's burial places?
Answer: Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran

Question: When did Rukn-e-Alam die?
Answer: 1320 AD

Question: When did Gardezi die?
Answer: 1150 AD

Question: When was Ahangar's tomb built?
Answer: sixteenth century

Question: What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb?
Answer: blue

Question: Where does the structure of a mosque come from?

Question: What colour is the tomb of Shah Yusuf Gardezi?

Question: When did Emperor Shah Jahan live?

Question: Where was Emperor Shah Jahan buried?

Question: Who built Lahore Fort?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing. It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages. The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Bulleh Shah at Kasur, urs of Hazrat Imam Bari (Bari Shah Latif) at Rawalpindi-Islamabad and urs of Shah Inayar Qadri (the murrshad of Bulleh Shah) in Lahore.

Question: What are urs?
Answer: fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints

Question: When are urs held?
Answer: the death anniversary of the saint

Question: What genre of music is played at urs?
Answer: folk

Question: Where is Buksh's shrine?
Answer: Lahore

Question: Where is Zakria's shrine?
Answer: Multan

Question: What are Sufi saints called?

Question: Where do devotees come from?

Question: What do the saints do at an urs?

Question: Who created the mystic messages?

Question: Who started the urs?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Exhibitions and annual horse shows in all districts and a national horse and cattle show at Lahore are held with the official patronage. The national horse and cattle show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held. It not only encourages and patronises agricultural products and livestock through the exhibitions of agricultural products and cattle but is also a colourful documentary on the rich cultural heritage of the province with its strong rural roots.

Question: What is Punjab's biggest festival?
Answer: The national horse and cattle show

Question: Where is the national horse and cattle show held?
Answer: Lahore

Question: What happens at the national horse and cattle show?
Answer: sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions

Question: Which district does not have exhibitions?

Question: The biggest festival does not have what kind of competition?

Question: Which festival is damaging the province's rural roots?

Question: What does the Lahore festival discourage?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in the northwest was once a major centre of Buddhist and Hindu influence. Several important Sikh shrines are in the province, including the birthplace of the first Guru, Guru Nanak. (born at Nankana Sahib). There are a few famous hill stations, including Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro.

Question: What famous tomb is in Lahore?
Answer: Jahangir's Tomb

Question: Where was Nanak born?
Answer: Nankana Sahib

Question: Who was the first Sikh Guru?
Answer: Guru Nanak

Question: What famous hill stations are in Punjab?
Answer: Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro

Question: What famous mosque is in Punjab?
Answer: Badshahi Mosque

Question: Where are Jahangir's Gardens?

Question: Which city houses the Sihk shrines?

Question: Taxila has become a major centre of what in the modern age?

Question: What city is the Murree hill nearby?

Question: Who was born in Harrapa?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979.

Question: Who are some well-known Punjab poets?
Answer: Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah

Question: What is Allah Ditta Lona Wala's career?
Answer: folk singers

Question: Who is the 'Queen of Music'?
Answer: Malika-i-Mauseequi

Question: When was Alam Lohar an important Punjabi folk singer?
Answer: from 1930 until 1979

Question: When was Sultan Bahu popular?

Question: What was Ustad Amanat Ali Khan's nickname?

Question: What poet was most prolific during 1930 to 1979?

Question: When was Alam Lohar born?

Question: Folk singers created classical whats?
Punjab,_Pakistan

For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moods: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons. Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi depict the joy of living. Love legends of Heer Ranjha, Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahenwal and Saiful Mulk are sung in different styles.

Question: What kind of music does Malika Pukhraj perform?
Answer: Ghazals and folk songs

Question: What do Punjab folk songs often reflect?
Answer: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons

Question: Who sings about the joy of living?
Answer: Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi

Question: What does Heer Ranjha sing about?
Answer: Love

Question: What kind of music does Roshen Ara Begum perform?
Answer: Ghazals and folk songs

Question: What is the name of the singer that sings songs representing the rains?

Question: Who wrote songs after the style of Sammi?

Question: What type of songs are limited to a set number of moods?

Question: What tends to be less popular with the people?

Question: What songs use the same styling?
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.

Question: How many miles east of Richmond is Williamsburg?
Answer: 44

Question: How many kilometers west of Charlottesville is Richmond?
Answer: 106

Question: Leaving Washington DC, what cardinal direction would one travel to reach Richmond?
Answer: south

Question: What is Richmond's southwestern suburb?
Answer: Midlothian

Question: Where is Short Pump located in relation to Richmond?
Answer: west
Richmond,_Virginia

The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood.

Question: What was the nationality of the people who settled Richmond in 1609?
Answer: English

Question: In what year was the current city of Richmond founded?
Answer: 1737

Question: What famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?
Answer: Give me liberty or give me death

Question: In what building did Patrick Henry give his famous speech?
Answer: St. John's Church

Question: Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.

Question: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy?
Answer: government

Question: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond?
Answer: Fourth

Question: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States?
Answer: 13

Question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist?
Answer: 12

Question: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond?
Answer: Dominion Resources
Richmond,_Virginia

In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence. On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond, to provide a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing westerly population, as well as to isolate the capital from British attack. The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city.

Question: What did Patrick Henry's famous speech persuade Virginians to send delegates to?
Answer: First Continental Congress

Question: What was the capital of Virginia prior to Richmond?
Answer: Williamsburg

Question: What general led the troops that burned Richmond?
Answer: Benedict Arnold

Question: Who led the militia that defended Richmond?
Answer: Sampson Mathews

Question: Who was the governor of Virginia in 1781?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.

Question: Who aided Jefferson in designing the Virginia State Capitol?
Answer: Charles-Louis Clérisseau

Question: In what year was the Virginia State Capitol finished?
Answer: 1788

Question: What was the capital of Virginia circa 1786?
Answer: Richmond

Question: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786?
Answer: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Question: In what year could Richmond first be said to have recovered from the destruction of the American Revolution?
Answer: 1782
Richmond,_Virginia

After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag. As a result of this and ample access to hydropower due to the falls, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the South. The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery.

Question: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington?
Answer: James River and Kanawha Canal

Question: To where was the canal designed by Washington intended to ferry water?
Answer: Kanawha River

Question: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight?
Answer: Philadelphia

Question: What was Henry Brown's nickname?
Answer: Box

Question: What sort of economic center was Richmond in the wake of the American Revolution?
Answer: industrial
Richmond,_Virginia

On 17 April 1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its national capital to Richmond. The city was at the end of a long supply line, which made it somewhat difficult to defend, although supplies continued to reach the city by canal and wagon for years, since it was protected by the Army of Northern Virginia and arguably the Confederacy's best troops and commanders. It became the main target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862 and 1864-5.

Question: On what date was Virginia's secession from the Union?
Answer: 17 April 1861

Question: After leaving the Union, what nation did Virginia join?
Answer: Confederacy

Question: Along with 1864-5, what year notably saw US campaigns directed at Richmond?
Answer: 1862
Richmond,_Virginia

In addition to Virginia and Confederate government offices and hospitals, a railroad hub, and one of the South's largest slave markets, Richmond had the largest factory in the Confederacy, the Tredegar Iron Works, which turned out artillery and other munitions, including the 723 tons of armor plating that covered the CSS Virginia, the world's first ironclad used in war, as well as much of the Confederates' heavy ordnance machinery. The Confederate Congress shared quarters with the Virginia General Assembly in the Virginia State Capitol, with the Confederacy's executive mansion, the "White House of the Confederacy", located two blocks away. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed.

Question: What was the name of the biggest factory in the Confederate States of America?
Answer: Tredegar Iron Works

Question: What was the name of the first ironclad warship that saw combat?
Answer: CSS Virginia

Question: What is another name for the Confederacy's executive mansion?
Answer: White House of the Confederacy

Question: How far away from the Confederate executive mansion was the Virginia State Capitol?
Answer: two blocks

Question: Who commanded the Union armies during the Seven Days Battles?
Answer: McClellan
Richmond,_Virginia

Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army. General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond.

Question: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman?
Answer: east

Question: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?
Answer: tenth

Question: On what road did the US Army Sixth Corps shatter the Confederate line?
Answer: Boydton Plank

Question: What general commanded the attack on Fort Stedman?
Answer: John B. Gordon

Question: In what month of 1865 was Richmond judged to be no longer able to be defended?
Answer: March
Richmond,_Virginia

Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed-

Question: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond?
Answer: tobacco

Question: What general received the surrender of Richmond?
Answer: Godfrey Weitzel

Question: On what day did the Confederacy surrender Richmond to the Union?
Answer: April 2, 1865

Question: By what means did Davis leave Richmond?
Answer: train

Question: What percentage of Richmond was destroyed by fire after the Confederate evacuation?
Answer: 25
Richmond,_Virginia

President Abraham Lincoln visited General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, and took a launch to Richmond the next day, while Jefferson Davis attempted to organize his Confederate government at Danville. Lincoln met Confederate assistant secretary of War John A. Campbell, and handed him a note inviting Virginia's legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the Confederate state legislature from meeting. Union forces killed, wounded or captured 8000 Confederate troops at Saylor's Creek southwest of Petersburg on April 6. General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender suggestion until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry appeared in front of his retreating army on April 8. He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning. Jefferson Davis retreated to North Carolina, then further south. when Lincoln rejected the surrender terms negotiated by general Sherman and envoys of North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance, which failed to mention slavery. Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail.

Question: What was the date before the day Lincoln entered Richmond?
Answer: April 3

Question: How many soldiers did Lee have remaining when he surrendered?
Answer: 10000

Question: To what state did Davis travel after Lee surrendered?
Answer: North Carolina

Question: In what structure did Lee surrender to Grant?
Answer: Appomattox Court House

Question: How many years did Davis spend in Fort Monroe?
Answer: two
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.

Question: What mode of transportation took over from the canals?
Answer: railroads

Question: What sort of railroad crossing was first built at Richmond?
Answer: triple

Question: Who was the inventor of the cigarette-rolling machine?
Answer: James Albert Bonsack

Question: From what city did James Bonsack originate?
Answer: Roanoke

Question: What was the name of the first American trolley system powered by electricity?
Answer: Richmond Union Passenger Railway
Richmond,_Virginia

By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the "Wall Street of Black America." In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank.

Question: When the 1900s began, how many people lived in Richmond?
Answer: 85,050

Question: How many square kilometers was Richmond at the start of the 20th century?
Answer: 13

Question: What percentage of Richmond's 1900 population was African American?
Answer: 37.9

Question: What was another name for Richmond's Jackson Ward?
Answer: Wall Street of Black America

Question: Who was the inaugural president of the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank?
Answer: Maggie L. Walker
Richmond,_Virginia

Between 1963 and 1965, there was a "downtown boom" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute. In 1970, Richmond's borders expanded by an additional 27 square miles (70 km2) on the south. After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves within the city's perimeters on January 1, 1970. In 1996, still-sore tensions arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue. After several months of controversy, the bronze statue of Ashe was finally completed on Monument Avenue facing the opposite direction from the Confederate Heroes on July 10, 1996.

Question: When did the so-called downtown boom in Richmond end?
Answer: 1965

Question: About how many structures were built in Richmond during the downtown boom?
Answer: 700

Question: What combined with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University?
Answer: Medical College of Virginia

Question: In what direction did Richmond's borders expand in 1970?
Answer: south

Question: People of what county did not want to join Richmond circa 1970?
Answer: Chesterfield
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W﻿ / ﻿37.533°N 77.467°W﻿ / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.

Question: How many square kilometers is Richmond?
Answer: 160

Question: How many square miles of Richmond is water?
Answer: 2.7

Question: What percentage of Richmond is made up of water?
Answer: 4.3

Question: In which of Virginia's regions is Richmond?
Answer: Piedmont

Question: Along with the James and the Chickahominy, what is a notable river in the area near Richmond?
Answer: Appomattox
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64.

Question: What neighborhood is located in between Church and Shockoe Hill?
Answer: Shockoe Bottom

Question: What Richmond neighborhood is home to the Jefferson Hotel?
Answer: Monroe Ward

Question: What neighborhood of Richmond contains St. John's Church?
Answer: Church Hill

Question: What is Fairfield Court?
Answer: public housing projects

Question: In what year was the Richmond street grid first developed?
Answer: 1737
Richmond,_Virginia

The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver experiencing some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. The affluent area between the Boulevard, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the Fan, is home to Monument Avenue, an outstanding collection of Victorian architecture, and many students. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, the location of the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the Boulevard is a popular commercial area called Carytown.

Question: The neighborhood of Newtowne West is north of what street?
Answer: Broad

Question: Along with Newtowne West, to what neighborhood is Carver regarded as having comparable demographics?
Answer: Jackson Ward

Question: What Richmond street contains a notable amount of Victorian buildings?
Answer: Monument Avenue

Question: In what part of Richmond is the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts found?
Answer: Museum District

Question: What is the primary race of the population of the Randolph neighborhood?
Answer: black
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark. Downtown areas straddle the border between USDA Hardiness zones 7B and 8A, and temperatures seldom lower to 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero (°F) reading occurring on January 28, 2000, when the temperature reached −1 °F (−18 °C). The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days out of the year; while 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon, they do not occur every year. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940 up to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.[a]

Question: What is Richmond's Köppen climate classification?
Answer: Cfa

Question: How could one characterize the winters in Richmond?
Answer: generally cool

Question: What geographic feature keeps some cold inland air from reaching Richmond?
Answer: mountains

Question: In what month of the year does Richmond's chilliest weather typically end?
Answer: February

Question: About how many days a year does the temperature in Richmond go above 32 degrees Celsius?
Answer: 43
Richmond,_Virginia

Precipitation is rather uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, dry periods lasting several weeks do occur, especially in autumn when long periods of pleasant, mild weather are most common. There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal. Snow has been recorded during seven of the twelve months. Falls of 3 inches (7.6 cm) or more within 24 hours occur an average once per year. Annual snowfall, however, is usually light, averaging 10.5 inches (27 cm) per season. Snow typically remains on the ground only one or two days at a time, but remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14). Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to do any considerable damage.

Question: What season in Richmond is most likely to see periods of dryness?
Answer: autumn

Question: How many times does Richmond receive 7.6 centimeters or more of snow in a 24 hour period annually?
Answer: once

Question: About how many centimeters of snow does Richmond experience in the fall?
Answer: 27

Question: During what span of 2010 did snowfall remain for a significant amount of time on the ground in Richmond?
Answer: January 30 to February 14

Question: What types of ice storms sometimes hit Richmond?
Answer: freezing rain or glaze
Richmond,_Virginia

The James River reaches tidewater at Richmond where flooding may occur in every month of the year, most frequently in March and least in July. Hurricanes and tropical storms have been responsible for most of the flooding during the summer and early fall months. Hurricanes passing near Richmond have produced record rainfalls. In 1955, three hurricanes brought record rainfall to Richmond within a six-week period. The most noteworthy of these were Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane that brought heavy rains five days apart. And in 2004, the downtown area suffered extensive flood damage after the remnants of Hurricane Gaston dumped up to 12 inches (300 mm) of rainfall.

Question: What is the most likely month for the James to flood Richmond?
Answer: March

Question: What month sees the lowest likelihood of the James flooding?
Answer: July

Question: In 1955, Richmond was hit with three hurricanes in how many weeks?
Answer: six

Question: In 1955, what two hurricanes occurred within a week of one another?
Answer: Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane

Question: What hurricane hit Richmond in 2004?
Answer: Gaston
Richmond,_Virginia

As of the census of 2000, there were 197,790 people, 84,549 households, and 43,627 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,292.6 people per square mile (1,271.3/km²). There were 92,282 housing units at an average density of 1,536.2 per square mile (593.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 38.3% White, 57.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

Question: In 2000, how many families lived in Richmond?
Answer: 43,627

Question: As of 2000, how many people lived in Richmond per square kilometer?
Answer: 1,271.3

Question: What percentage of the Richmond population of 2000 was Pacific Islander?
Answer: 0.1

Question: What was the largest racial group in Richmond as of 2000?
Answer: African American

Question: In 2000, what percentage of Richmond residents were multiracial?
Answer: 1.5
Richmond,_Virginia

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate. The city had 93 murders for the year of 1985, with a murder rate of 41.9 killings committed per 100,000 residents. Over the next decade, the city saw a major increase in total homicides. In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents. There were 120 murders in 1995, resulting in a murder rate of 59.1 killings per 100,000 residents, one of the highest in the United States.

Question: What crime notably increased in Richmond over the course of the 1980s?
Answer: murder

Question: In 1985, how many people were murdered in Richmond?
Answer: 93

Question: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990?
Answer: 56.1

Question: How many murders occurred in Richmond in 1995?
Answer: 120
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond has several historic churches. Because of its early English colonial history from the early 17th century to 1776, Richmond has a number of prominent Anglican/Episcopal churches including Monumental Church, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and St. John's Episcopal Church. Methodists and Baptists made up another section of early churches, and First Baptist Church of Richmond was the first of these, established in 1780. In the Reformed church tradition, the first Presbyterian Church in the City of Richmond was First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812. On February 5, 1845, Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond was founded, which was a historic church where Stonewall Jackson attended and was the first Gothic building and the first gas-lit church to be built in Richmond. St. Peter's Church was dedicated and became the first Catholic church in Richmond on May 25, 1834. The city is also home to the historic Cathedral of the Sacred Heart which is the motherchurch for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond.

Question: What is the oldest Presbyterian church in Richmond?
Answer: First Presbyterian Church

Question: Who was a notable congregant at Second Presbyterian Church?
Answer: Stonewall Jackson

Question: What architectural style was Second Presbyterian Church built in?
Answer: Gothic

Question: On what date did the oldest Catholic church open in Richmond?
Answer: May 25, 1834

Question: In what year was Richmond's First Baptist Church founded?
Answer: 1780
Richmond,_Virginia

The first Jewish congregation in Richmond was Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom. Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom was the sixth congregation in the United States. By 1822 K.K. Beth Shalom members worshipped in the first synagogue building in Virginia. They eventually merged with Congregation Beth Ahabah, an offshoot of Beth Shalom. There are two Orthodox Synagogues, Keneseth Beth Israel and Chabad of Virginia. There is an Orthodox Yeshivah K–12 school system known as Rudlin Torah academy, which also includes a post high-school program. There are two Conservative synagogues, Beth El and Or Atid. There are three Reform synagogues, Bonay Kodesh, Beth Ahabah and Or Ami. Along with such religious congregations, there are a variety of other Jewish charitable, educational and social service institutions, each serving the Jewish and general communities. These include the Weinstein Jewish Community Center, Jewish Family Services, Jewish Community Federation of Richmond and Richmond Jewish Foundation.

Question: Along with Chabad of Virginia, what is the other Orthodox synagogue in Richmond?
Answer: Keneseth Beth Israel

Question: What grades does the Rudlin Torah academy serve?
Answer: K–12

Question: What sect of Judaism is Rudlin Torah affiliated with?
Answer: Orthodox

Question: What are the names of the Conservative synagogues in Richmond?
Answer: Beth El and Or Atid

Question: How many synagogues in the Reform tradition are present in Richmond?
Answer: three
Richmond,_Virginia

There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area, with three more currently in construction, accommodating the growing Muslim population, the first one being Masjid Bilal. In the 1950s, Muslims from the East End got organized under Nation of Islam (NOI). They used to meet in Temple #24 located on North Avenue. After the NOI split in 1975, the Muslims who joined mainstream Islam, start meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road. By 1976, the Muslims used to meet in a rented church. They tried to buy this church, but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard, the present location of Masjid Bilal. Initially, the place was called "Masjid Muhammad #24". Only by 1990 did the Muslims renamed it to "Masjid Bilal". Masjid Bilal was followed by the Islamic Center of Virginia, ICVA masjid. The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization. With aggressive fundraising, ICVA was able to buy land on Buford road. Construction of the new masjid began in the early 1980s. The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR) in the west end, Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end.

Question: Where did Richmond's Nation of Islam members initially meet?
Answer: Temple #24

Question: On what street is Masjid Bilal located?
Answer: Chimbarazoo Boulevard

Question: What was Masjid Bilal previously known as?
Answer: Masjid Muhammad #24

Question: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?
Answer: 1973

Question: On what street can Shabaaz Restaurant be found?
Answer: Nine Mile Road
Richmond,_Virginia

Hinduism is actively practiced, particularly in suburban areas of Henrico and Chesterfield. Some 6,000 families of Indian descent resided in the Richmond Region as of 2011. Hindus are served by several temples and cultural centers. The two most familiar are the Cultural Center of India (CCI) located off of Iron Bridge Road in Chesterfield County and the Hindu Center of Virginia in Henrico County which has garnered national fame and awards for being the first LEED certified religious facility in the commonwealth.

Question: How many Indian-descended families lived in or around Richmond in 2011?
Answer: 6,000

Question: What does CCI stand for?
Answer: Cultural Center of India

Question: In what county can CCI be found?
Answer: Chesterfield

Question: What road is CCI near?
Answer: Iron Bridge

Question: Along with CCI, what is the other Hindu gathering place near Richmond?
Answer: Hindu Center of Virginia
Richmond,_Virginia

Law and finance have long been driving forces in the economy. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks, as well as offices for international companies such as Genworth Financial, CapitalOne, Philip Morris USA, and numerous other banks and brokerages. Richmond is also home to four of the largest law firms in the United States: Hunton & Williams, McGuireWoods, Williams Mullen, and LeClairRyan. Another law firm with a major Richmond presence is Troutman Sanders, which merged with Richmond-based Mays & Valentine LLP in 2001.

Question: What federal court is located in Richmond?
Answer: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

Question: Along with Philip Morris and CapitalOne, what prominent corporation is present in Richmond?
Answer: Genworth Financial

Question: What type of business is LeClairRyan?
Answer: law firms

Question: When did the Troutman Sanders-Mays & Valentine LLP merger occur?
Answer: 2001

Question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist in the United States?
Answer: 12
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers.

Question: How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of?
Answer: 53,400

Question: What does the United Network for Organ Sharing do?
Answer: maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list

Question: What was the cost of the Philip Morris R&D facility opened at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?
Answer: $350 million

Question: When did Philip Morris' R&D facility open?
Answer: 2007

Question: What Virginia Commonwealth University campus is near Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?
Answer: Medical College of Virginia
Richmond,_Virginia

Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, Southern Living magazine named three Richmond restaurants – Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt – among its "100 Best Restaurants in the South", while Metzger Bar & Butchery made its "Best New Restaurants: 12 To Watch" list. Craft beer and liquor production is also growing in the River City, with twelve micro-breweries in city proper; the oldest is Legend Brewery, founded in 1994. Three distilleries, Reservoir Distillery, Belle Isle Craft Spirits and James River Distillery, were established in 2010, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Question: What periodical called Richmond "The Next Great American Food City"?
Answer: Departures magazine

Question: According to Southern Living, what are the three best restaurants in Richmond?
Answer: Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt

Question: How many microbreweries exist in Richmond?
Answer: twelve

Question: What was the first microbrewery to set up shop in Richmond?
Answer: Legend Brewery

Question: When was James River Distillery founded?
Answer: 2014
Richmond,_Virginia

Additionally, Richmond is gaining attention from the film and television industry, with several high-profile films shot in the metro region in the past few years, including the major motion picture Lincoln which led to Daniel Day-Lewis's third Oscar, Killing Kennedy with Rob Lowe, airing on the National Geographic Channel and Turn, starring Jamie Bell and airing on AMC. In 2015 Richmond will be the main filming location for the upcoming PBS drama series Mercy Street, which will premiere in Winter 2016. Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region.

Question: What movie, which filmed in Richmond, featured Daniel Day-Lewis?
Answer: Lincoln

Question: Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy?
Answer: Rob Lowe

Question: On what television channel can the show Turn be seen?
Answer: AMC

Question: When will Mercy Street first be shown on television?
Answer: Winter 2016

Question: What channel is Killing Kennedy on?
Answer: National Geographic Channel