Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Alexander_Graham_Bell

In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907–1912. Some of Bell's kites are on display at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.

Question: What color silk covered Bell's kites?
Answer: maroon

Question: Who was on Cygnet I when it crashed?
Answer: Selfridge

Question: Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year?
Answer: 1912

Question: How many tetrahedral wings did Bell create?
Answer: 3

Question: Some of the kites remain at what National Historic Site?
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate. The AEA was headed by Bell and the founding members were four young men: American Glenn H. Curtiss, a motorcycle manufacturer at the time and who held the title "world's fastest man", having ridden his self-constructed motor bicycle around in the shortest time, and who was later awarded the Scientific American Trophy for the first official one-kilometre flight in the Western hemisphere, and who later became a world-renowned airplane manufacturer; Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, an official observer from the U.S. Federal government and one of the few people in the army who believed that aviation was the future; Frederick W. Baldwin, the first Canadian and first British subject to pilot a public flight in Hammondsport, New York, and J.A.D. McCurdy —Baldwin and McCurdy being new engineering graduates from the University of Toronto.

Question: What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace?
Answer: Aerial Experiment Association

Question: When was the AEA founded?
Answer: 1907

Question: Which original member of the AEA held motorcycle speed records?
Answer: Glenn H. Curtiss

Question: Which branch of the military was Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge in?
Answer: army
Alexander_Graham_Bell

The AEA's work progressed to heavier-than-air machines, applying their knowledge of kites to gliders. Moving to Hammondsport, the group then designed and built the Red Wing, framed in bamboo and covered in red silk and powered by a small air-cooled engine. On March 12, 1908, over Keuka Lake, the biplane lifted off on the first public flight in North America.[N 24] [N 25] The innovations that were incorporated into this design included a cockpit enclosure and tail rudder (later variations on the original design would add ailerons as a means of control). One of the AEA's inventions, a practical wingtip form of the aileron, was to become a standard component on all aircraft. [N 26] The White Wing and June Bug were to follow and by the end of 1908, over 150 flights without mishap had been accomplished. However, the AEA had depleted its initial reserves and only a $15,000 grant from Mrs. Bell allowed it to continue with experiments. Lt. Selfridge had also become the first person killed in a powered heavier-than-air flight in a crash of the Wright Flyer at Fort Myer, Virginia, on September 17, 1908.

Question: What did the AEA work on after kites?
Answer: gliders

Question: What material was the Red Wing's frame made of?
Answer: bamboo

Question: What kind of plane was the Red Wing?
Answer: biplane

Question: How many accident-free flights had the AEA taken by 1909?
Answer: 150

Question: Who was the first person to die in a plane crash?
Answer: Selfridge
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Their final aircraft design, the Silver Dart, embodied all of the advancements found in the earlier machines. On February 23, 1909, Bell was present as the Silver Dart flown by J.A.D. McCurdy from the frozen ice of Bras d'Or, made the first aircraft flight in Canada. Bell had worried that the flight was too dangerous and had arranged for a doctor to be on hand. With the successful flight, the AEA disbanded and the Silver Dart would revert to Baldwin and McCurdy who began the Canadian Aerodrome Company and would later demonstrate the aircraft to the Canadian Army.

Question: What did the AEA name their last plane?
Answer: Silver Dart

Question: Who was the first to fly the Silver Dart?
Answer: J.A.D. McCurdy

Question: What professional did Bell make sure was present during the first Silver Dart flight?
Answer: a doctor

Question: What business did Baldwin and McCurdy start after the AEA folded?
Answer: Canadian Aerodrome Company

Question: On what month and day did the Silver Dart take its first flight?
Answer: February 23
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Bell was connected with the eugenics movement in the United States. In his lecture Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race presented to the National Academy of Sciences on November 13, 1883 he noted that congenitally deaf parents were more likely to produce deaf children and tentatively suggested that couples where both parties were deaf should not marry. However, it was his hobby of livestock breeding which led to his appointment to biologist David Starr Jordan's Committee on Eugenics, under the auspices of the American Breeders' Association. The committee unequivocally extended the principle to man. From 1912 until 1918 he was the chairman of the board of scientific advisers to the Eugenics Record Office associated with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, and regularly attended meetings. In 1921, he was the honorary president of the Second International Congress of Eugenics held under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Organisations such as these advocated passing laws (with success in some states) that established the compulsory sterilization of people deemed to be, as Bell called them, a "defective variety of the human race." By the late 1930s, about half the states in the U.S. had eugenics laws, and California's compulsory sterilization law was used as a model for that of Nazi Germany.

Question: What kind of parents did Bell state were more prone to having deaf children?
Answer: congenitally deaf parents

Question: In 1921 the American Museum of Natural History hosted what event?
Answer: Second International Congress of Eugenics

Question: Which biologist ran the Committee on Eugenics?
Answer: David Starr

Question: What did Bell like to do that led to his involvement with eugenics?
Answer: livestock breeding
Alexander_Graham_Bell

A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.

Question: What are Bell's personal papers known as?
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers

Question: In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?
Answer: Manuscript Division

Question: Apart from in person, how can one look at many of Bell's papers?
Answer: online

Question: In what university is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute?
Answer: Cape Breton University

Question: In what province is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute located?
Answer: Nova Scotia
Alexander_Graham_Bell

In 1880, Bell received the Volta Prize with a purse of 50,000 francs (approximately US$250,000 in today's dollars) for the invention of the telephone from the Académie française, representing the French government. Among the luminaries who judged were Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. The Volta Prize was conceived by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801, and named in honor of Alessandro Volta, with Bell receiving the third grand prize in its history. Since Bell was becoming increasingly affluent, he used his prize money to create endowment funds (the 'Volta Fund') and institutions in and around the United States capital of Washington, D.C.. These included the prestigious 'Volta Laboratory Association' (1880), also known as the Volta Laboratory and as the 'Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory', and which eventually led to the Volta Bureau (1887) as a center for studies on deafness which is still in operation in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. The Volta Laboratory became an experimental facility devoted to scientific discovery, and the very next year it improved Edison's phonograph by substituting wax for tinfoil as the recording medium and incising the recording rather than indenting it, key upgrades that Edison himself later adopted. The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his "proudest achievement", "the photophone", the "optical telephone" which presaged fibre optical telecommunications, while the Volta Bureau would later evolve into the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (the AG Bell), a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness.

Question: Adjusted for inflation, how many dollars were awarded to Bell alongside the Volta Prize?
Answer: $250,000

Question: Victor Hugo and what other author helped judge the Volta Prize in 1880?
Answer: Alexandre Dumas

Question: Who first established the Volta Prize?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte

Question: The Volta lab improved the phonograph by replacing tinfoil with what substance?
Answer: wax

Question: Which Bell-founded institution still operates in Georgetown today?
Answer: Volta Bureau
Alexander_Graham_Bell

In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication Science during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society, serving until 1903, and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations, including photography, in the magazine. he also became a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution (1898–1922). The French government conferred on him the decoration of the Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honor); the Royal Society of Arts in London awarded him the Albert Medal in 1902; the University of Würzburg, Bavaria, granted him a PhD, and he was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1912. He was one of the founders of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 1884, and served as its president from 1891–92. Bell was later awarded the AIEE's Edison Medal in 1914 "For meritorious achievement in the invention of the telephone".

Question: What magazine did Bell found alongside Hubbard?
Answer: Science

Question: When did Bell cease to be President of the National Geographic Society?
Answer: 1903

Question: What enduring feature of National Geographic did Bell help implement?
Answer: illustrations

Question: What award did Bell win in 1902?
Answer: Albert Medal
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities, to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. During his life he also received dozens of major awards, medals and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.

Question: What did Bell receive from many centers of post-secondary education?
Answer: honorary degrees

Question: What is the most famous statue built for Bell and his creation?
Answer: Bell Telephone Memorial

Question: When was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?
Answer: 1917

Question: In what city was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?
Answer: Brantford

Question: In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell Gardens
Alexander_Graham_Bell

In 1936 the US Patent Office declared Bell first on its list of the country's greatest inventors, leading to the US Post Office issuing a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in 1940 as part of its 'Famous Americans Series'. The First Day of Issue ceremony was held on October 28 in Boston, Massachusetts, the city where Bell spent considerable time on research and working with the deaf. The Bell stamp became very popular and sold out in little time. The stamp became, and remains to this day, the most valuable one of the series.

Question: In 1936, what place did Bell receive on a list of best inventors?
Answer: First

Question: What was created in Bell's image in 1940?
Answer: commemorative stamp

Question: Bell's stamp is part of which line?
Answer: Famous Americans Series

Question: On what date was the stamp officially released?
Answer: October 28

Question: In which city was the stamp officially released?
Answer: Boston
Alexander_Graham_Bell

The 150th anniversary of Bell's birth in 1997 was marked by a special issue of commemorative £1 banknotes from the Royal Bank of Scotland. The illustrations on the reverse of the note include Bell's face in profile, his signature, and objects from Bell's life and career: users of the telephone over the ages; an audio wave signal; a diagram of a telephone receiver; geometric shapes from engineering structures; representations of sign language and the phonetic alphabet; the geese which helped him to understand flight; and the sheep which he studied to understand genetics. Additionally, the Government of Canada honored Bell in 1997 with a C$100 gold coin, in tribute also to the 150th anniversary of his birth, and with a silver dollar coin in 2009 in honor of the 100th anniversary of flight in Canada. That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart. Bell's image, and also those of his many inventions have graced paper money, coinage and postal stamps in numerous countries worldwide for many dozens of years.

Question: What bird is depicted on the Scottish banknote?
Answer: geese

Question: What do the sheep on the Scottish banknote represent?
Answer: genetics

Question: What form of currency did Canada issue to celebrate Bell in 1997?
Answer: C$100 gold coin

Question: In what year did Canada put out a coin to commemorate the Silver Dart?
Answer: 2009
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Alexander Graham Bell was ranked 57th among the 100 Greatest Britons (2002) in an official BBC nationwide poll, and among the Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), and the 100 Greatest Americans (2005). In 2006 Bell was also named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history after having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. Bell's name is still widely known and used as part of the names of dozens of educational institutes, corporate namesakes, street and place names around the world.

Question: In 2002, where did Bell place in a list of the Greatest Britons?
Answer: 57th

Question: In 2004 Bell was listed in the top how many Greatest Canadians?
Answer: 10

Question: In what Scottish Hall of Fame is Bell listed?
Answer: Scottish Science Hall of Fame

Question: Which institution listed Bell in their Hall of Fame?
Answer: National Library of Scotland
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Bell died of complications arising from diabetes on August 2, 1922, at his private estate, Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, at age 75. Bell had also been afflicted with pernicious anemia. His last view of the land he had inhabited was by moonlight on his mountain estate at 2:00 a.m.[N 29][N 30] While tending to him after his long illness, Mabel, his wife, whispered, "Don't leave me." By way of reply, Bell traced the sign for "no" in the air —and then he died.

Question: What disease contributed greatly to Bell's death?
Answer: diabetes

Question: On what day and month did Bell die?
Answer: August 2

Question: Who was the last person to see Bell alive?
Answer: Mabel

Question: In what Province did Bell die?
Answer: Nova Scotia
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Bell's coffin was constructed of Beinn Bhreagh pine by his laboratory staff, lined with the same red silk fabric used in his tetrahedral kite experiments. To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald sang a verse of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Requiem":

Question: What kind of wood was Bell's coffin made from?
Answer: Beinn Bhreagh pine

Question: What color silk was used in Bell's coffin?
Answer: red

Question: What color were attendees asked to not wear at Bell's funeral?
Answer: black

Question: Which singer performed at Bell's funeral?
Answer: Jean MacDonald
Alexander_Graham_Bell

Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain, on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren.

Question: Where was Bell buried?
Answer: atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain

Question: Bell's living daughters were named Elsie May and what?
Answer: Marian

Question: Over how many years did Bell spend a great deal of time at Beinn Bhreagh?
Answer: 35
Alexander_Graham_Bell

The bel (B) and the smaller decibel (dB) are units of measurement of sound intensity invented by Bell Labs and named after him. [N 28] Since 1976 the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications.

Question: What unit is named after Bell?
Answer: The bel

Question: What does the bel and decibel measure?
Answer: sound intensity

Question: What lab invented the term "bel."
Answer: Bell Labs

Question: In what field is the Alexander Graham Bell Medal given out?
Answer: telecommunications

Question: What was the first year the Alexander Graham Bell Medal was given out?
Answer: 1976
Pub

A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.

Question: What is the term 'pub' short for?
Answer: public house

Question: Where in the United States are pubs located?
Answer: New England

Question: What continental European country has pubs?
Answer: Denmark

Question: Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?
Answer: Canada

Question: Who said that pubs are the heart of England?
Answer: Samuel Pepys
Pub

The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.

Question: What Roman businesses were analogous to modern day pubs?
Answer: taverns

Question: What similar establishments existed in the Anglo-Saxon world?
Answer: alehouse

Question: In what century did the tied house system develop?
Answer: 19th century
Pub

Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.

Question: What are traditional pub windows made out of?
Answer: smoked or frosted glass

Question: What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?
Answer: clear glass

Question: Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?
Answer: snacks
Pub

The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.

Question: What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub?
Answer: pub landlord

Question: What was the pub landlord often called in Victorian times?
Answer: publican

Question: What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there?
Answer: locals

Question: Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs?
Answer: darts

Question: What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?
Answer: pool or snooker
Pub

Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.

Question: In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?
Answer: 1970s

Question: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?
Answer: off-sales counter

Question: What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?
Answer: the jug and bottle

Question: Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?
Answer: supermarkets
Pub

The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.

Question: During what historical epoch did Britons begin drinking ale?
Answer: the Bronze Age

Question: In what century did the Romans arrive in Britain?
Answer: the 1st Century

Question: What was the Latin term for the Roman inns?
Answer: tabernae

Question: In what century did the Romans leave Britain?
Answer: 5th Century

Question: What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?
Answer: green
Pub

A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.

Question: When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?
Answer: 1446

Question: In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?
Answer: 1514

Question: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?
Answer: monasteries

Question: What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?
Answer: pilgrimages
Pub

Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.

Question: Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?
Answer: food and drink

Question: What road is an inn often located near?
Answer: highway

Question: How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?
Answer: two

Question: About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?
Answer: several centuries

Question: What role did inns serve other than housing travelers?
Answer: community gathering places
Internet_service_provider

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

Question: What does ISP stand for?
Answer: Internet service provider

Question: what does an isp do?
Answer: provides services for accessing, using, the Internet

Question: What forms can an isp be organized in?
Answer: commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned

Question: What are the initials for an Internet service proxy?

Question: What kind of service providers are always commercial providers?

Question: What kind of organization are all for profit?
Internet_service_provider

Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation.

Question: What type of organization provides internet access?
Answer: ISPs

Question: What are some services provided by an isp?
Answer: Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation

Question: What kind of organization blocks Internet access

Question: What are some services not provided by an ISP?
Internet_service_provider

The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web.

Question: Why was the internet developed?
Answer: a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities

Question: when was the internet developed?
Answer: 1980s

Question: what happened to the internet in the late 1980s?
Answer: a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet

Question: When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed?
Answer: 1995

Question: how long after the introduction of the world wide web was 1995?
Answer: 4 years

Question: What was developed as a way for various universities to communicate with each other?

Question: What process was set up by the early 1980s?

Question: When was the Internet further restricted?

Question: What happened four years after the introduction of the World Wide Web?
Internet_service_provider

In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989.

Question: Where were the first isps established?
Answer: Australia and the United States

Question: where was the first commercial isp in the us located? 
Answer: Brookline, Massachusetts

Question: when was the first commercial isp customer served?
Answer: November 1989

Question: when were the first commercial isps established?
Answer: 1989

Question: what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us?
Answer: The World

Question: Where was the first ISP S established in 1999?

Question: What was established in Boston Massachusetts?

Question: What was the name of the first private ISP?

Question: What did the world do in 1999?
Internet_service_provider

On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying ("with some caveats") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.

Question: What would the absence of net neutrality permit? 
Answer: ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content

Question: what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns? 
Answer: municipal broadband

Question: how did president obama recommend to classify the internet? 
Answer: a telecommunications service

Question: what did the fcc choose to apply to the internet? 
Answer: Title II (common carrier)

Question: what would the internet be classified as based on title ii? 
Answer: telecommunications

Question: What did the implementation of net neutrality permit?

Question: What was net neutrality a solution to?

Question: What yell Law school professor considered to options regarding Internet service?

Question: What did the Democrats present in 2015

Question: What is the FCC expected to oppose with its vote?
Internet_service_provider

On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."

Question: When did the FCC rule on net neturality?
Answer: February 2015

Question: How did the FCC rule on net neutrality?
Answer: in favor

Question: what did the FCC adopt for the internet? 
Answer: Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934

Question: what amendment did the chairman of the FCC compare this ruling to? 
Answer: the First Amendment

Question: what did the FCC chairman say both the internet and the first amendment stand for?
Answer: free speech

Question: Who ruled against neutrality in February 2015?

Question: What to ask did FCC rule against?

Question: Who compared his ruling to the fourth amendment?

Question: The telecommunication act of 1934 and the Internet were compared to what?
Internet_service_provider

On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations.

Question: When did the FCC publish its final rule on net neutrality regulations?
Answer: 13 April 2015

Question: When was a general summary of net neutrality released?

Question: When was the first draft of the net neutrality regulations published?
Internet_service_provider

 ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.

Question: What do ISPs provide?
Answer: Internet access

Question: how do isps provide internet access?
Answer: a range of technologies to connect users to their network

Question: what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? 
Answer: television cable (CATV)

Question: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? 
Answer: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)

Question: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? 
Answer: telephone lines

Question: Who provides the Internet?

Question: What old technology was unable to be used to connect to the Internet?

Question: What technology is used to connect the Internet through wires?

Question: Computer motherboards are used to do what?
Internet_service_provider

For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.

Question: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses? 
Answer: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface)

Question: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?
Answer: Fiber To The Home

Question: who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns?
Answer: users and small businesses

Question: What options were available to large businesses?

Question: What is using fiber optics to providers called?

Question: What modern options are available to users and small businesses?
Internet_service_provider

For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchronous optical networking (SONET).

Question: What type of customers would typically have more demanding requirements? 
Answer: medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs

Question: what does atm stand for in relation to internet providers? 
Answer: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Question: what is high-speed dsl used for? 
Answer: customers with more demanding requirements

Question: what is SONET? 
Answer: synchronous optical networking

Question: What is available to customers with less demanding requirements?

Question: What's the abbreviation for synchronous transfer mode

Question: What are the abbreviations for asynchronous optical networking
Internet_service_provider

A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.

Question: What is a mailbox provider? 
Answer: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes

Question: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains? 
Answer: A mailbox provider

Question: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider? 
Answer: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email

Question: how does a user store electronic mail?
Answer: A mailbox provider

Question: What is an Internet mail service provider?

Question: What online service does not provide storage?

Question: Who allows people to send but not accept in-store mail?

Question: Who invented male domains?
Internet_service_provider

Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail servers themselves. The task is typically accomplished by implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.

Question: What is SMTP?
Answer: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Question: What is IMAP?
Answer: Internet Message Access Protocol

Question: How is access to mail provided? 
Answer: implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.

Question: what are most mailbox providers as well? 
Answer: access providers

Question: who possibly controls their own mail servers? 
Answer: companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals

Question: All mailbox providers were also what?

Question: What are examples of access providers?

Question: What is used by organizations that depend on others to provide mail services?

Question: How is traditional male provided?
Internet_service_provider

Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation.

Question: What do internet hosting services provide? 
Answer: email, web-hosting, or online storage services

Question: Who provides a virtual server service?
Answer: Internet hosting services

Question: who provides cloud services?
Answer: Internet hosting services

Question: Internet hosting protocols provide what?

Question: Who provides physical servers to customers

Question: Who provides off-line storage services
Internet_service_provider

Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.

Question: Who does an ISP pay for internet access?
Answer: upstream ISPs

Question: Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?
Answer: An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP

Question: What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?
Answer: access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to

Question: what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?
Answer: upstream ISPs

Question: What do ISPs pay customers for?

Question: What usually has a small network than a contracting ISP?

Question: What does an upstream ISP provide for customers?

Question: What does the contracting ISP have access to that the upstream ISP does not?
Internet_service_provider

In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.

Question: What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP? 
Answer: transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network

Question: what do transit ISPs provide? 
Answer: large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs

Question: A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what?
Answer: a tier 1 carrier

Question: What is a PoP?
Answer: point of presence

Question: What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?
Answer: Transit ISPs

Question: Who provides minimal amounts of bandwidth for connecting ISPs?

Question: What is a point of protocol abbreviated as?

Question: What has the same connection to an upstream ISP?

Question: What transmits Internet within the home?
Internet_service_provider

A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.

Question: What is a VISP?
Answer: virtual ISP

Question: What do VISPs resemble? 
Answer: mobile virtual network operators

Question: What do visps purchase services from? 
Answer: a wholesale ISP

Question: Who does an ISP purchase services from?

Question: Who do wholesale ISP purchased services from?

Question: What do virtual network operators resemble?

Question: How do VISP's customers access the Internet?
Internet_service_provider

Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.[citation needed]

Question: What are free ISPs?
Answer: Internet service providers that provide service free of charge

Question: What do free ISPs display in exchange for service?
Answer: advertisements

Question: What are free ISPs similar to? 
Answer: commercial television

Question: How are freenets run? 
Answer: on a nonprofit basis

Question: What type of ISPs are free of restrictions?

Question: Who accepts donations instead of charging for services?

Question: What kind of television are free ISPs like?

Question: What are for-profit ISPs called?
Internet_service_provider

A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]

Question: What is a WISP? 
Answer: wireless Internet service provider

Question: What technology is part of a WISP?
Answer: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment

Question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over? 
Answer: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands

Question: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?
Answer: wireless networking

Question: What is a wired Internet service provider?

Question: What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs

Question: What operates unlicensed frequencies?

Question: What is designed to operate under open 900 MHz

Question: W ISP do not operate in what band?
Internet_service_provider

ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.

Question: What is peering? 
Answer: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points

Question: What does peering allow? 
Answer: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted

Question: Why is peering used? 
Answer: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP

Question: What are IXs? 
Answer: Internet exchange points

Question: Where do multiple ISPs connect? 
Answer: peering points or Internet exchange points

Question: Who may not engage in peering?

Question: Different networks charge each other for what?

Question: What would've been incurred by data passing through a third upstream ISP?

Question: Nothing to what costs ISPs more money?
Internet_service_provider

Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]

Question: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? 
Answer: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

Question: What sort of route does data follow? 
Answer: the most efficient route

Question: What trade-off is not possible?

Question: What follows most inefficient route?

Question: What works unreliably?

Question: What ensures upstream connections are not reliable?
Internet_service_provider

Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelligence agencies. In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Modern ISPs integrate a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment into their networks, which then feeds the data to law-enforcement/intelligence networks (such as DCSNet in the United States, or SORM in Russia) allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time.

Question: What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? 
Answer: intelligence agencies

Question: What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.?
Answer: PRISM

Question: What does PRISM do? 
Answer: provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic

Question: What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? 
Answer: a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment

Question: What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do? 
Answer: allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time

Question: What are ISPs not legally required to do?

Question: What this PRISM stopped the national security agency for doing?

Question: Who objects to PRISM

Question: What do ISPs remove from their networks to discourage intelligence agencies?

Question: What do many people say violates the First Amendment?