Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Buckingham_Palace

Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the State visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and, on the other side of the Bow Room, the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France. At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens. The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing.

Question: Which rooms are used for less formal entertaining such as luncheons or private audiences?
Answer: the semi-state apartments

Question: Which room is named for visit of Tsar Nicolas I of Russia?
Answer: 1844 Room

Question: The 1855 Room is name for which European emperor?
Answer: Emperor Napoleon III of France

Question: Guests attending the Queen's Garden Parties will mostly likely see which room?
Answer: Bow Room

Question: Where are the suites located that the Queen and Prince Phillip use?
Answer: the north wing

Question: What is the name of the slightly less luxurious staterooms located underneath the State Apartments?
Answer: semi-state apartments

Question: What type of entertaining are the semi-state apartments used for?
Answer: less formal entertaining

Question: Who is the 1844 Room named after?
Answer: Tsar Nicholas I of Russia

Question: Who is the 1855 Room named after?
Answer: Emperor Napoleon III of France

Question: Where are the Queen and Prince Phillip's apartments located?
Answer: the north wing

Question: Which rooms are used for more formal entertaining such as luncheons or public audiences?

Question: Which room does not allow visits by Tsar Nicolas I of Russia?

Question: Which European chef is The 1845 Room named after?

Question: Where are the suites located that the King and Prince Phillip use?

Question: Who is the 1744 Room named after?
Buckingham_Palace

Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.

Question: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?
Answer: Brighton Pavilion

Question: When was the new east wing built?
Answer: Between 1847 and 1850

Question: What is the theme for the new east wing?
Answer: oriental

Question: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room has what as a main feature?
Answer: large oriental chimney piece

Question: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?
Answer: Robert Jones

Question: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?
Answer: the new east wing

Question: Many rooms in the new east wing are in what style?
Answer: oriental

Question: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?
Answer: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room

Question: Where did none of the fittings for the new west wing come from?

Question: When was the new east wing destroyed?

Question: What theme is forbidden in the new east wing?

Question: Who removed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?

Question: What style are in none of the rooms in the new east wing?
Buckingham_Palace

At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.

Question: Which room has the famous balcony used by the royals?
Answer: Centre Room

Question: What is the main theme of the Centre Room?
Answer: Chinese

Question: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?
Answer: Queen Mary

Question: The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?
Answer: 1873

Question: The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?
Answer: mirrored doors

Question: Which room feature the famous balcony?
Answer: Centre Room

Question: Which designer did Queen Mary work with to enhance the Centre Room?
Answer: Sir Charles Allom

Question: The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?
Answer: mirrored doors

Question: What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?
Answer: 1873

Question: Which room has the infamous balcony forbidden by the royals?

Question: What is the secondary theme of the Centre Room?

Question: Which Queen ruined the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1930s?

Question: Which room avoids the famous balcony?

Question: Which designer did Queen Mary fire to enhance the Centre Room?
Buckingham_Palace

When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are linked by narrow corridors, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane. A second corridor in the suite has Gothic influenced cross over vaulting. The Belgian Rooms themselves were decorated in their present style and named after Prince Albert's uncle Léopold I, first King of the Belgians. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when they were occupied by King Edward VIII.

Question: Where do foreign heads of stay usually stay in Buckingham Palace?
Answer: the Belgian Suite

Question: What floor are the Belgian Suites located?
Answer: ground floor

Question: The Belgian Suite is located at the foot of which staircase?
Answer: the Minister's Staircase

Question: How are the rooms of the Belgian Suites linked?
Answer: by narrow corridors

Question: What is the style of the saucer domes in the Belgian Suite?
Answer: the style of Soane

Question: Where do foreign heads of stay at Buckingham Palace?
Answer: the Belgian Suite

Question: The Belgian Suite is located at the bottom of which staircase?
Answer: Minister's Staircase

Question: On which floor is the Belgian Suite located?
Answer: the ground floor

Question: How are the rooms in the Belgian Suite connected?
Answer: by narrow corridors

Question: The saucer domes are in whose style?
Answer: the style of Soane

Question: Where do foreign heads of stay usually avoid in Buckingham Palace?

Question: What floor are the Belgian Suites burned?

Question: How are the rooms of the Belgian Suites separated?

Question: Where do foreign heads paint at Buckingham Palace?

Question: Which floor is the Belgian Suite restricted?
Buckingham_Palace

Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses the offices of the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of York, Earl and Countess of Wessex, Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.

Question: Aside from being the home of the monarchy and a tourist attraction, what else is Buckingham Palace known for?
Answer: art gallery

Question: Who made the palaces gilded railings and gates?
Answer: Bromsgrove Guild

Question: Buckingham Palace is also the London Residence for which Duke?
Answer: Duke of York

Question: Who is Buckingham palace home to?
Answer: the British monarchy

Question: Who completed the palaces gilded railing and gates?
Answer: Bromsgrove Guild

Question: In what year were the railings and gates completed?
Answer: 1911

Question: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
Answer: 800 people

Question: Who stole the palaces gilded railings and gates?

Question: How many people were fired from Buckingham Palace?

Question: Who is Buckingham palace restricted from?

Question: What year were the railings and gates stolen?

Question: Which Duke is not allowed at Buckingham Palace?
Buckingham_Palace

The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms. 476,000 people visited the palace in the 2014–15 financial year.

Question: Buckingham Palace is actually owned by whom?
Answer: Crown Estate

Question: Where can the public view items from the Royal Collection?
Answer: Queen's Gallery

Question: What was located on the site that is now the Queen's Gallery?
Answer: chapel

Question: What part of the palace has been open to the public every August and September and other select dates since 1993?
Answer: The palace's state rooms

Question: Who owns Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle?
Answer: Crown Estate

Question: Where can the public view the Royal Collection?
Answer: at the Queen's Gallery

Question: Since when have the palaces rooms been opened to the public?
Answer: since 1993

Question: How many people visited the palace in the 2014.2015 fiscal year?
Answer: 476,000 people

Question: Who has never owned Buckingham Palace?

Question: Where is the public not allowed to view items from the Royal Collection?

Question: What was located on the site that is now the King's Gallery?

Question: What part of the palace has been open to the public every August and July and other select dates since 1991?

Question: How many people were missing from the palace in the 2014-2015 fiscal year?
Buckingham_Palace

Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.

Question: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?
Answer: there is no official dress code

Question: Which Queen tried and failed to raise the hemline of her dress after WWI?
Answer: Queen Mary

Question: Which King was horrified to see the Queen's hemline raised a few inches?
Answer: King George V

Question: The hemline of daytime skirts were allowed to rise after which year?
Answer: 1936

Question: The knee breeches men formerly wore to the palace were of what era's design?
Answer: 18th-century design

Question: From what century were men's knee breeches worn at Buckingham designed in?
Answer: 18th-century design

Question: What were women obliged to wear in their hair?
Answer: tiaras or feathers

Question: Which queen wanted to shorten her skirt's hemline?
Answer: Queen Mary

Question: Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen?
Answer: George V

Question: What is the dress code today at Buckingham?
Answer: there is no official dress code

Question: What were women required to wear in their socks?

Question: Which Queen raised the hemline of her dress after WWI?

Question: Which King was amused to see the Queen's hemline raised a few inches?

Question: What century were men's knee breeches forbidden at Buckingham?

Question: Which queen wanted to extend her skirt's hemline?
Buckingham_Palace

Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress.

Question: Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place?
Answer: Edward VII

Question: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?
Answer: coming out

Question: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?
Answer: ostrich feathers

Question: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event?
Answer: less formal afternoon receptions

Question: Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court?
Answer: Edward VII

Question: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?
Answer: ostrich feathers

Question: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called?
Answer: "coming out"

Question: After WWII what was the coming out ceremony replaced with?
Answer: less formal afternoon receptions

Question: Whose reign did not include court presentations of young aristocratic ladies?

Question: What was the name for the sacrifice where debutantes had their last introduction into society?

Question: What bird's feathers did debutantes wear in their shirt?

Question: What was the occasion where debutantes were exiled from society called?

Question: What was the coming out ceremony replaced with during WWII?
Buckingham_Palace

Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends.

Question: Where do Investitures take place?
Answer: in the palace's Ballroom

Question: What year was The Ballroom built?
Answer: 1854

Question: Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?
Answer: the throne room

Question: What does the Queen stand on during Investitures?
Answer: the throne dais

Question: Knighthood is given by being dubbed with what object?
Answer: a sword

Question: What is the largest room in the palace?
Answer: Ballroom

Question: The Ballroom replaced which other room in terms of importance and use?
Answer: the throne room

Question: Where do Investitures never take place?

Question: What year was The Ballroom blown up?

Question: Which room has The Ballroom never changed in terms of both use and importance?

Question: What is the smallest room in the palace?

Question: What does the Queen sit on during Investitures?
Buckingham_Palace

State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.

Question: Where do State Banquets take place?
Answer: the Ballroom

Question: In what month does the Queen entertain the diplomatic corps?
Answer: November

Question: What is used to set the dining table for formal dinners?
Answer: the Grand Service

Question: When was the Grand Service made?
Answer: 1811

Question: For whom was the Grand Service made?
Answer: the Prince of Wales

Question: Where do state banquets take place?
Answer: in the Ballroom

Question: When are state banquets held?
Answer: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state

Question: What is the dining table laid with for state banquets?
Answer: the Grand Service

Question: Who was the Grand Service originally made for?
Answer: Prince of Wales

Question: Where are State Banquets forbidden?

Question: What month does the Queen promote the diplomatic corps?

Question: What is used to set the dining table for casual dinners?

Question: When was the Grand Service removed?

Question: When are state banquets avoided?
Buckingham_Palace

Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since George IV. It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions.

Question: Where is the Gold State Coach housed?
Answer: the Royal Mews

Question: When was the Gold State Coach first used?
Answer: 1762

Question: The Royal Mews houses which type of animal?
Answer: horses

Question: Who designed the Royal Mews?
Answer: Nash

Question: Where is the Gold State Coach kept?
Answer: the Royal Mews

Question: Who designed the Gold State Coach?
Answer: Sir William Chambers

Question: In what year was the Gold State Coach first used?
Answer: 1762

Question: What animals are kept in the mews?
Answer: horses

Question: Who destroyed the Royal Mews?

Question: Where is the Silver State Coach housed?

Question: Who knows nothing about the Gold State Coach?

Question: When was the Gold State Coach last used?

Question: What animals are forbidden in the mews?
Buckingham_Palace

In 1901 the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.

Question: In what year did Edward VII ascend to the throne?
Answer: 1901

Question: Kind Edward VII and Queen Alexandra's friends were know as what?
Answer: "the Marlborough House Set"

Question: Some thought that King Edward VII's redecoration choices were at odds with whose prior work?
Answer: Nash's

Question: Which king commissioned massive redecoration in the Belle Epoque cream and gold color scheme?
Answer: King Edward

Question: What were the group of friends of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra called?
Answer: the Marlborough House Set

Question: What was at odds with Nash's original work in the palace?
Answer: King Edward's heavy redecorations

Question: When did King Edward VII take the throne?
Answer: 1901

Question: What colors were used in the redecorations overseen by King Edward VII?
Answer: Belle époque cream and gold

Question: What year did Edward VII decline to ascend to the throne?

Question: Which king commissioned minor redecoration in the Belle Epoque cream and silver color scheme?

Question: What were the group of people that King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra avoided called?

Question: What supported Nash's original work in the palace?

Question: What colors were avoided in the redecorations overseen by King Edward VI?
Buckingham_Palace

The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria, placed outside the main gates. George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties. He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919) – the first jazz performance for a head of state, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom. George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room. This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed specially by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.

Question: Under whose reign did the last major building works take place?
Answer: King George V

Question: The principle facade of the East Front is made from what type of stone?
Answer: Portland stone

Question: Which king preferred official entertaining and royal duties to lavish parties?
Answer: George V

Question: Who added and restored furniture to The Royal Collection?
Answer: Queen Mary

Question: Who was responsible for decorating The Blue Drawing Room?
Answer: Queen Mary

Question: Who redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front?
Answer: Sir Aston Webb

Question: The refaced facade was made from what type of stone?
Answer: Portland stone

Question: Which king placed more emphasis on official entertaining and royal duties instead of lavish parties?
Answer: George V

Question: What collection did Queen Mary take an interest in by adding and restoring pieces?
Answer: Royal Collection of furniture and art

Question: Who decorated the Blue Drawing Room?
Answer: Queen Mary

Question: Whose reign never had a major building works take place?

Question: Which king avoided official entertaining and royal duties in favor of lavish parties?

Question: Who removed and ruined furniture in The Royal Collection?

Question: Who redesigned Blore's 1820 West Front?

Question: Who burned the Green Drawing Room?
Buckingham_Palace

During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.

Question: Who lived at Buckingham Palace during WWI?
Answer: King George V and Queen Mary

Question: Where were valuable items from Buckingham Palace taken during WWI?
Answer: Windsor

Question: The king refrained from doing what during the war?
Answer: alcohol

Question: In what year was the north-west pavilion turned into a swimming pool?
Answer: 1938

Question: Who persuaded the king to lock the wine cellars during WWI?
Answer: David Lloyd George

Question: Buckingham Palace was untouched during which war?
Answer: World War I

Question: Where were valuables evacuated to during the war?
Answer: Windsor

Question: What did the King give up during the war?
Answer: alcohol

Question: Who convinced the king to lock the wine cellars?
Answer: David Lloyd George

Question: What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938?
Answer: swimming pool

Question: Who died at Buckingham Palace during WWI?

Question: Where were worthless items from Buckingham Palace taken after WWI?

Question: What did the king increase consumption of during the war?

Question: What year was the south-west pavilion turned into a swimming pool?

Question: Who persuaded the queen to unlock the wine cellars during WWI?
Buckingham_Palace

During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported:

Question: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII?
Answer: nine times

Question: What was destroyed in 1940?
Answer: the palace chapel

Question: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII?
Answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

Question: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?
Answer: the common suffering of rich and poor

Question: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII?
Answer: the chapel

Question: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?
Answer: inspecting their bombed home

Question: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings?
Answer: their subjects' hardship

Question: How many times was the palace remodeled in WWII?

Question: What was upgraded in 1940?

Question: Which monarchs were missing from Buckingham Palace during WWII?

Question: What did the royal family never share with their subjects after the bombings?

Question: What was hidden from the public as a result of the bombing of Buckingham Palace?
Buckingham_Palace

On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.

Question: What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?
Answer: 15 September 1940

Question: What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to bomb?
Answer: the Palace

Question: What type of airplane was the German craft Holmes rammed into?
Answer: Dornier Do 17 bomber

Question: After the war what did Holmes become?
Answer: King's Messenger

Question: What year did Ray Holmes die?
Answer: 2005

Question: What is September 15, 1940 known as?
Answer: the Battle of Britain Day

Question: What did Ray Holmes believe the German pilot was targeting?
Answer: the Palace

Question: What did Holmes do to stop the German Plane?
Answer: ram it

Question: What type of aircraft was the German Plane?
Answer: Dornier Do 17 bomber

Question: When did Holmes die?
Answer: 2005

Question: What is the date of the celebration of Britain Day?

Question: What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to restore?

Question: What type of airplane was the German craft Holmes avoiding?

Question: What did Holmes become during the war?

Question: What year did Ray Holmes give birth?
Incandescent_light_bulb

An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections.

Question: What type of energy makes an incandescent light bulb glow?
Answer: electric current

Question: Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated?
Answer: wire filament

Question: What part of a halogen light bulb supplies electric current?
Answer: feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass

Question: What provides the electricity to most light bulbs?
Answer: a socket

Question: Which type of light bulb uses inert gas?
Answer: incandescent light bulb

Question: What type of light has a wire filament heated to a low temperature?

Question: What does not have electric current running through a wire filament?

Question: What part of a halogen light bulb does not supply electric current?

Question: What does not provide electricity to most light bulbs?
Incandescent_light_bulb

Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb is 16 lumens per watt, compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 150 lm/W for some white LED lamps. Some applications of the incandescent bulb deliberately use the heat generated by the filament. Such applications include incubators, brooding boxes for poultry, heat lights for reptile tanks, infrared heating for industrial heating and drying processes, lava lamps, and the Easy-Bake Oven toy. Incandescent bulbs typically have short lifetimes compared with other types of lighting; around 1,000 hours for home light bulbs versus typically 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 30,000 hours for lighting LEDs.

Question: Are incandescent bulbs more or less efficient than most electric lighting?
Answer: less efficient

Question: What percentage of energy does a standard light bulb actually convert to visible light?
Answer: 2.2%

Question: Which is more efficient: compact fluorescent or LED lights?
Answer: LED

Question: How long does a typical incandescent light bulb last?
Answer: 1,000 hours

Question: What happens to the energy that an incandescent bulb does not convert into light?
Answer: The remaining energy is converted into heat.

Question: What are more efficient than most other types of electric lighting?

Question: What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in a standard light bulb?

Question: What percentage of energy is not actually converted to visible light in an incadescent light bulb?

Question: What type of bulb typically has a long life span?

Question: What does not happen to the energy that an incandescent bulb does not covert into light?
Incandescent_light_bulb

Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already.

Question: What law did Australia make about incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: prohibited them already

Question: How is the United States treating incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs

Question: What does the acronym CCFL refer to?
Answer: cold cathode fluorescent lamps

Question: What does the acronym CFL refer to?
Answer: compact fluorescent lamps

Question: What does the acronym LED refer to?
Answer: light-emitting diode

Question: What type of bulb has not been replaced in many application by other types of electric light?

Question: How is India treating incandescent light bulbs?

Question: What does the acronym CCFL not refer to?

Question: What does the acronym LED not refer to?

Question: What does the acronym CFL not refer to?
Incandescent_light_bulb

In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.

Question: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?
Answer: Alexander Lodygin

Question: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?
Answer: two carbon rods

Question: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?
Answer: 1900

Question: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?
Answer: Alexander de Lodyguine

Question: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?
Answer: 1872

Question: Who did not patent an incandescent light bulb in 1872?

Question: Who did not demonstrate at the world fair in 1900 in Paris?

Question: When did Anxander Lodygin change his name?

Question: Who invented his first lamp in the 1700's?

Question: What did Lodygin not use as a burner in his lamp?
Incandescent_light_bulb

With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. It was also shown to 700 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne on 3 February 1879. These lamps used a carbon rod from an arc lamp rather than a slender filament. Thus they had low resistance and required very large conductors to supply the necessary current, so they were not commercially practical, although they did furnish a demonstration of the possibilities of incandescent lighting with relatively high vacuum, a carbon conductor, and platinum lead-in wires. Besides requiring too much current for a central station electric system to be practical, they had a very short lifetime. Swan turned his attention to producing a better carbon filament and the means of attaching its ends. He devised a method of treating cotton to produce 'parchmentised thread' and obtained British Patent 4933 in 1880. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and also the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. In 1878 the home of Lord Armstrong at Cragside was also among the first houses to be lit by electricity. In the early 1880s he had started his company. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity.

Question: Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?
Answer: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society

Question: Which vacuum pump expert helped Swan invent his lamp?
Answer: Charles Stearn

Question: Why was Swan's first lamp not commercially viable?
Answer: 'parchmentised thread'

Question: When did Swan receive a patent for parchmentised thread?
Answer: 1880

Question: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?
Answer: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London

Question: Who did not help Swan in 1878?

Question: What method did Swan not develop in 1878?

Question: What was not shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemistry Society?

Question: What was shown to an audience of 800 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle?

Question: Why was Swan's first lamp commercially viable?
Incandescent_light_bulb

Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways," Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours. In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to execute use of a dynamo).

Question: When did Edison begin research into incandescent lighting?
Answer: 1878

Question: With what material did Edison make his first filament?
Answer: carbon

Question: How long did Edison's light burn during his first successful test in 1879?
Answer: 13.5 hours

Question: What type of wood did Edison use in his improved filament?
Answer: bamboo

Question: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?
Answer: Columbia

Question: Who began research into developing a practical incandescent lamp?

Question: Who filed his first patent application in 1890?

Question: What did Edison turn refuse to use after his experiment with platinum and other metals?

Question: What type of material was not used in the US patent for an electric lamp in November 1879?

Question: What type of material did Edison use that could not last more than 1200 hours?
Incandescent_light_bulb

Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company.

Question: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company?
Answer: Albon Man

Question: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company?
Answer: Hiram S. Maxim

Question: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
Answer: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company

Question: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights?
Answer: fall of 1880

Question: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company?
Answer: Electro-Dynamic Light Company

Question: Who began the Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1890?

Question: Whose other patents did Albon Man not exploit?

Question: Where was the first installation of incandescent lamps in 1890?

Question: Who was the chief architect at the United States Electric Lighting Company?

Question: Who did not make their first installation until the spring of 1880?
Incandescent_light_bulb

Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.

Question: Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes?
Answer: Lewis Latimer

Question: When did Latimer patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"?
Answer: 17 January 1882

Question: Which company purchased Latimer's patent?
Answer: United States Electric Light Company

Question: Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?
Answer: Edison

Question: Who developed an improved method of carbon filaments in 1882?

Question: When did Edison patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"?

Question: What was not an improved method for production of a light bulb?

Question: What was not purchased by the United States Electric Light Company?

Question: Who did not employ Latimer when he developed his first patent?
Incandescent_light_bulb

On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.

Question: Which inventors patented the tungsten filament lamp?
Answer: Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

Question: When did Just and Hanaman receive their patent for the tungsten filament lamp?
Answer: 13 December 1904

Question: Which company first marketed the tungsten filament lamp?
Answer: Tungsram

Question: What type of gas fills a tungsten filament bulb?
Answer: argon or nitrogen

Question: What is a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe?
Answer: Tungsram-bulbs

Question: Who was not granted a patent fr the tungsten filament lamp?

Question: Who was granted patent No. 34540?

Question: Who receive their patent in 1905?

Question: What type of gas does not fill a tungsten filament bulb?

Question: What is not a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe.
Incandescent_light_bulb

Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are "lumens per watt" (lpw). The maximum LER possible is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light at 555 nanometers wavelength, the peak sensitivity of the human eye.

Question: What does the acronym LER refer to?
Answer: radiant luminous efficacy

Question: What is the maximum LER possible?
Answer: 683 lm/W

Question: In how many ways can one define luminous efficacy of a light source?
Answer: two ways

Question: What is the definition of radiant luminous efficacy?
Answer: the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths

Question: What does the acronym LES refer to?
Answer: source luminous efficacy

Question: What may be defined in three ways?

Question: What does the acronym LER not stand for?

Question: What does the acronym LES not stand for?

Question: What is not the ratio of the visible light flux emitted to the total power input to the source?

Question: What is the minimum LER possible?