Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists explain the high standard of living on the island. St. Barthélemy is considered a playground of the rich and famous,[citation needed] especially as a winter haven, and is known for its beaches, gourmet dining and high-end designers. Most of the food is imported by airplane or boat from the US or France. Tourism attracts about 200,000 visitors every year. As a result, there is a boom in house building activity catering to the tourists and also to the permanent residents of the island, with prices as high as €61,200,000 for a beachfront villa.

Question: What besides investment is responsible for the high standard of living on the island?
Answer: wealth generated by wealthy tourists

Question: St. Barts is considered a playground for whom?
Answer: the rich and famous

Question: Besides boats how does St. Barts import most of its food?
Answer: by airplane

Question: How many tourists visit St. Barts each year?
Answer: 200,000

Question: What is the highest propoerty value recorded in St. Barts?
Answer: €61,200,000

Question: How many homes are built each year?

Question: What is the average price of a beachfront villa?

Question: How much international investment occurs on St. Barthelemy's each year?

Question: How much money do wealthy tourists spend each year on St. Barthelemy?

Question: What is the value of the food imported into St. Barthelemy's each year?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

St. Barthélemy has about 25 hotels, most of them with 15 rooms or fewer. The largest has 58 rooms. Hotels are classified in the traditional French manner; 3 Star, 4 Star and 4 Star Luxe. Of particular note are Eden Rock and Cheval Blanc. Hotel Le Toiny, the most expensive hotel on the island, has 12 rooms. Most places of accommodation are in the form of private villas, of which there are some 400 available to rent on the island. The island's tourism industry, though expensive, attracts 70,000 visitors every year to its luxury hotels and villas and another 130,000 people arrive by luxury boats. It also attracts a labour force from Brazil and Portugal to meet the industry needs.

Question: About how many hotels does St. Barts have?
Answer: 25

Question: How many rooms does the largest hotel in St. Barts have?
Answer: 58

Question: How many rooms does the most expensive hotel on the island have?
Answer: 12

Question: About how many villas are available for rent in St. Barts?
Answer: 400

Question: Which country besides Brazil does St. Barts import its labor force from?
Answer: Portugal

Question: How many of St. Barthelemy's hotels have fewer than 15 rooms?

Question: How many rooms does the smallest hotel on the island have?

Question: What rating does Eden Rock have?

Question: What rating does Cheval Blanc have?

Question: What's the least expensive hotel on the island?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

As the terrain is generally arid, the hills have mostly poor soil and support only cacti and succulent plants. During the rainy season the area turns green with vegetation and grass. The eastern part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall. A 1994 survey has revealed several hundred indigenous species of plants including the naturalized varieties of flora; some growing in irrigated areas while the dry areas are dominated by the cacti variety. Sea grapes and palm trees are a common sight with mangroves and shrubs surviving in the saline coastal swamps. Coconut palm was brought to the island from the Pacific islands. Important plants noted on the island are:

Question: What types of plants are usually found at St. Barts?
Answer: succulent

Question: Which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall?
Answer: The eastern part

Question: A 1994 found how many different species of plants native to the island?
Answer: several hundred

Question: What besides palm trees is a common plant to see in St. Barts?
Answer: Sea grapes

Question: Where was the coconut palm brought to St. Barts from?
Answer: the Pacific islands

Question: In what year was Coconut palm brought to the island?

Question: How many types of cacti are the on St. Barts?

Question: How many mangroves are there on St. Barts?

Question: What are the irrigated areas dominated by?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.

Question: What plant was brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?
Answer: aloe or aloe vera

Question: What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?
Answer: cereus

Question: Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?
Answer: South America

Question: When did the british army invade the island?
Answer: 1773

Question: What type of fig grows on the island?
Answer: barbary

Question: How tall do sea grape trees grow?

Question: How tall can the royal palm grow?

Question: In what year was aloe vera brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?

Question: In what year were Mexican cactus brought to St. Barts?

Question: When was yellow bell from South America brought to St. Barts?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Marine mammals are many, such as the dolphins, porpoises and whales, which are seen here during the migration period from December till May. Turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island. They are a protected species and in the endangered list. It is stated that it will take 15–50 years for this species to attain reproductive age. Though they live in the sea, the females come to the shore to lay eggs and are protected by private societies. Three species of turtles are particularly notable. These are: The leatherback sea turtles which have leather skin instead of a shell and are the largest of the type found here, some times measuring a much as 3 m (average is about 1.5 m) and weighing about 450 kg (jellyfish is their favourite diet); the hawksbill turtles, which have hawk-like beaks and found near reefs, generally about 90 cm in diameter and weigh about 60 kg and their diet consists of crabs and snails; and the green turtles, herbivores which have rounded heads, generally about 90 cm in diameter and live amidst tall sea grasses.

Question: When is the end of the dolphin migration period in St. Barts?
Answer: May

Question: When is the beggining of the whale migration season?
Answer: December

Question: What protected species is a common sight along the beaches of St. Barts?
Answer: Turtles

Question: What is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles?
Answer: jellyfish

Question: Where do green turtles live?
Answer: amidst tall sea grasses

Question: How long does it take dolphins to attain reproductive age?

Question: How long does it take whales to reach reproductive age?

Question: How long do porpoises usually live?

Question: How many species of turtles are there on St. Barts?

Question: What does a whales diet consist of?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes. The marine aquafauna is rich in conch, which has pearly-pink shells. Its meat is a favourite food supplement item and their shells are a collectors item. Other species of fish which are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters are: sergeant majors, the blue chromis, brown chromis, surgeon fish; blue tangs and trumpet fish. On the shore are ghost crabs, which always live on the beach in small burrowed tunnels made in sand, and the hermit crabs, which live in land but lay eggs in water and which also eat garbage and sewerage. They spend some months in the sea during and after the hatching season.

Question: What color are conch shells?
Answer: pearly-pink

Question: What common sea creature produces a collectable Item?
Answer: conch

Question: Where are surgeonfish found in St. Barts?
Answer: shallow waters

Question: What kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in St. Barts?
Answer: ghost

Question: What do hermit crabs eat?
Answer: garbage and sewerage

Question: What color is are the turtles?

Question: What color are sergeant majors?

Question: What color are surgeon fish?

Question: Where do ghost crabs lay their eggs?

Question: What do ghost crabs eat?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshore rocks such as Les Gross Islets, Pain de Sucre, Tortue and Forchue. The Reserve is designed to protect the islands coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species including sea turtles. The Reserve has two levels of protection, the yellow zones of protection where certain non-extractive activities, like snorkeling and boating, are allowed and the red zones of high protection where most activities including SCUBA are restricted in order to protect or recover marine life. Anchoring is prohibited in the Reserve and mooring buoys are in place in some of the protected bays like Colombier

Question: What is the sea life reserve named at St. Barts?
Answer: Reserve Naturelle

Question: How many hectares does the marine preserve cover?
Answer: 1.200

Question: What general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect?
Answer: sea turtles

Question: What is prohibited in all zones of the marine reserve at St. Barts?
Answer: Anchoring

Question: Colombier Bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water?
Answer: mooring buoys

Question: How big is Saint-Barthelemy?

Question: Besides Colombier what other bay has mooring buoys?

Question: How big is each of the 5 zones that make up the Reserve Naturelle?

Question: In what bay were the first mooring buoys installed?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.

Question: When did the British invade the harbour town in St. Barts?
Answer: 1744

Question: What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town?
Answer: 1785

Question: What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts?
Answer: Carénage

Question: What was the name of the port changed to after the Swedish occupation?
Answer: Gustavia

Question: What war occurred in the 18th century?
Answer: the Caribbean war

Question: In what year was Carenage established?

Question: In what year did the Caribbean war start?

Question: In what year did the Caribbean war end?

Question: What nationality of people lives in the harbour town the British invaded in 1744?

Question: In what year did King Gustav III begin his reign?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s history relating to French, Swedish and British period of occupation is well presented in the museum with photographs, maps and paintings. Also on display are the ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses and ancient fishing boats. It also houses a library.

Question: What is the English name of the historic museum in St. Barts?
Answer: St. Barts Municipal Museum

Question: What is the French name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
Answer: Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy

Question: What town is the Museum located in?
Answer: Gustavia

Question: Besides the French and Swedish, who else occupied the island?
Answer: British

Question: What type of houses are on display at the museum in St. Barts?
Answer: Creole

Question: What is located on the near end of La Pointe?

Question: Where nationality did the Creole have?

Question: What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts?

Question: What is the British name for the historic museum in St. Barts?

Question: Which people used the ancient tools?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses the local gendarmerie. The other fort known as Fort Karl now presents a very few ruins. The third fort built by the Swedes is the Fort Gustav, which is also seen in ruins strewn around the weather station and the Light House. The fort built in 1787 over a hill slope has ruins of ramparts, guardhouse, munitions depot, wood-burning oven and so forth.

Question: Who built the three forts on St. Barts?
Answer: the Swedes

Question: What was the former name of Fort Oscar?
Answer: Gustav Adolph

Question: When was Fort Gustav built?
Answer: 1787

Question: On what part of the island is Fort Oscar located on the far side of?
Answer: La Pointe

Question: Most of the Forts in St. Barts are now all what?
Answer: ruins

Question: In what year was Gustav Adolph built?

Question: In what year was Gustav Adolph renamed Fort Oscar?

Question: What types of ruins are left at Fort Karl?

Question: In what year was Fort Karl built?

Question: What type of terrain was Fort Karl built on?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc.

Question: How many restaurants does the island have?
Answer: over 70

Question: Where are most of the nice restaurants located?
Answer: in the hotels

Question: What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?
Answer: les petits creux

Question: Creole food is often what?
Answer: spicier

Question: What type of cuisine related events does the island host each year?
Answer: gastronomic

Question: How many restaurants in St. Barthelemy serve Creole cuisine?

Question: How many hotels are there?

Question: What is common in Italian cuisine?

Question: What cuisine is fresh grilled lobster an example of?

Question: How many West Indian cuisine restaurants are there?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy. It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment. Each boat is navigated by two sailors. Kitesurfing and other water sports have also become popular on the island in recent years, especially at Grand Cul-de-Sac beach (Baie de Grand Cul de Sac) for windy sports as kitesurfing and Saint Jean Beach ( Baie de Saint Jean), Lorient, Toiny and Anse des Cayes for surfing. Tennis is also popular on the island and it has several tennis clubs, Tennis Clube de Flamboyant in Grand Cul-de-Sac, AJOE Tennis Club in Orient and ASCO in Colombier.

Question: How often is the AG2R Race held?
Answer: every alternate year

Question: Where does the AG2R originate from?
Answer: Concarneau

Question: What type of vehicles participate in the AG2R Race?
Answer: boats

Question: What is the size requirement for entry into the AG2R Race?
Answer: 10 m

Question: How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?
Answer: two

Question: How long ago did the Transat AG2R Race begin?

Question: On what part of St. Barthelemy does the Transat AG2R Race end?

Question: How long ago did the Tennis Clube de Flamboyant open its doors?

Question: What tennis club is nearest to the Grand Cul-de-Sac beach?
Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport, which acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy. Several international airlines and domestic Caribbean airlines operate in this sector.

Question: What is the name of the airport in St. Barts?
Answer: Gustaf III

Question: Where is the airport located on the island?
Answer: the north coast

Question: What is the name of the nearest large commercial airport?
Answer: Princess Juliana International Airport

Question: What Island is the nearest major airport located on?
Answer: Sint Maarten

Question: What other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on St. Barts?
Answer: charters

Question: Which side of the island does the Princess Juliana International Airport lie on Saint Maarten?

Question: What type of planes most commonly land at Princess Juliana International Airport?

Question: Which types of airlines are most common landing at Princess Juliana International Airport?

Question: How many domestic Caribbean airlines are there?

Question: How many small regional commercial airlines land at Gustaf III Airport?
Tajikistan

Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

Question: Where is Tajikistan located?
Answer: in Central Asia

Question: How many people are living in Tajikistan?
Answer: 8 million people

Question: What is the area of Tajikistan?
Answer: area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)

Question: What country lies to Tajikistans east?
Answer: China

Question: What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan?
Answer: Wakhan Corridor

Question: Which country is defined by a mountainous, ocean landscape in Central Asia?

Question: Tajikistan had an estimated 18 million people in what year?

Question: Traditional homelands of Talick people included?

Question: Which country in Central Africa has an area of 143,100 km2?

Question: 153,100 km2 is equal to how many square miles?
Tajikistan

The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.

Question: What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age?
Answer: city of Sarazm

Question: What other culutres has ruled the area?
Answer: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

Question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?
Answer: Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

Question: When did Tajikistan become an independent nation?
Answer: 1991

Question: What years did the civil war take place?
Answer: 1992 to 1997

Question: What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home?
Answer: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

Question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?
Answer: the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

Question: What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation?
Answer: 1991

Question: What years did the war last through?
Answer: 1992 to 1997

Question: A civil war was fought immediately before what?

Question: The civil war lasted from 1982 to what year?

Question: As a result of the breakup of Japan, Tajikistan became what?

Question: In what year did Tajikistan become a dependent nation?
Tajikistan

Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان‎‎ -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."

Question: What does Tajikistan mean?
Answer: "Land of the Tajiks"

Question: What does the suffix -stan mean?
Answer: "place of" or "country"

Question: Where did the word Tajik come from?
Answer: the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe

Question: Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik?
Answer: because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."

Question: Which country's name means "Land of the Talks"?

Question: According to the Library of Congress's 1987 Country Study of Tajikistan, what is difficult?

Question: The original inhabitants of Central Asia were either Indian or who?

Question: What Persian suffix mean "county"?

Question: What is most likely the name of a pre-Indian tribe?
Tajikistan

The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.

Question: What was the first recorded history of this region?
Answer: about 500 BCE

Question: What was modern Tajikistan part of around 500 BE?
Answer: the Achaemenid Empire

Question: Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?
Answer: Alexander the Great

Question: Very little of modern Tajikistan was part of what empire?

Question: Alexandra the Great ruled over which kingdom?

Question: Which part of Tajikistan was part of Singdia?

Question: The Japanese explorer Zhang Qian used what road to pass through the region?

Question: Who played a major role on ending trade?
Tajikistan

The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.

Question: What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?
Answer: Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

Question: What tribes took control of the region in first centry CE?
Answer: Yuezhi tribes

Question: When was Islam brought to the region?
Answer: in the early eighth century

Question: What empire brought Islam practices with them?
Answer: Hephthalite Empire,

Question: Who brought Islam to the region in the early fourth century?

Question: Central Africa continued its role as what?

Question: Central Asia linked Canada, the steppes to the north and whom?

Question: Who ruled the region until the 3rd century CE?

Question: Which religions were banned in the region?
Tajikistan

It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.

Question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?
Answer: 650–680

Question: Who took control of the regin in 710?
Answer: Umayyads

Question: Who restored Persian control of the region?
Answer: The Samanid Empire,

Question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?
Answer: Khorasan

Question: When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese?
Answer: 650–680

Question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?
Answer: 710

Question: Who conquered Tansaxania?
Answer: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

Question: When did the Samanid Empire rule the land?
Answer: The Samanid Empire

Question: Who restored Polish control of the region?

Question: Whose arrival in Texas signaled a definite shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance?

Question: Who ruled between 1999-1211?

Question: Who shrunk the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara?

Question: Who was temporarily under control of the Turkish empire?
Tajikistan

Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Russia was interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton and in the 1870s attempted to switch cultivation in the region from grain to cotton (a strategy later copied and expanded by the Soviets).[citation needed] By 1885 Tajikistan's territory was either ruled by the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara, nevertheless Tajiks felt little Russian influence.[citation needed]

Question: When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia?
Answer: during the late 19th century's Imperial Era

Question: What did Russia do between 1864-1885?
Answer: Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan

Question: Who controled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Trukestan?
Answer: the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand

Question: What was Russian interested in Tajikistan area for?
Answer: gaining access to a supply of cotton

Question: In 1885, who was ruling the Tajikistan area?
Answer: the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara

Question: Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Africa in what century?

Question: Between 1964 and 1985 Russia gradually took control of what?

Question: What country attempted to switch from grain to cotton in the 1970s?

Question: By 1985 Tajikistan's territory was what?

Question: What people felt a great deal of Russian influence?
Tajikistan

During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913. Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan.[citation needed]

Question: What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century?
Answer: an Islamic social movement throughout the region

Question: Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists?
Answer: Russians

Question: When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: between 1910 and 1913

Question: Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?
Answer: the threat of forced conscription during World War I

Question: During the late 18th century, the Jadidists established themselves as what?

Question: The uprisings against the Khanate of Poland took place between what year?

Question: Demonstrators attacked Chinese soldiers in Khujand over what?

Question: Which troops took forever to bring Khujand back under control?

Question: Which group was anti-modernization?
Tajikistan

After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet authorities started a campaign of secularization, practicing Islam, Judaism, and Christianity was discouraged and repressed, and many mosques, churches, and synagogues were closed. As a consequence of the conflict and Soviet agriculture policies, Central Asia, Tajikistan included, suffered a famine that claimed many lives.

Question: Who went to war against Bolshevick armies?
Answer: guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi

Question: What did they go to war against Bolshevick?
Answer: to maintain independence

Question: Who won the war?
Answer: The Bolsheviks

Question: What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed?
Answer: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Question: Guerrillas in Central Africa were known as what?

Question: Which religions were encouraged after the four-year war?

Question: Which region did not suffer any famine?

Question: Who waged a war against British armies?

Question: What religious institutions were not closed?
Tajikistan

In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place, especially in the southern region. Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement occurred throughout Tajikistan. Consequently, some peasants fought collectivization and revived the Basmachi movement. Some small scale industrial development also occurred during this time along with the expansion of irrigation infrastructure.

Question: In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan?
Answer: Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Question: What happeded between 1927-1934?
Answer: collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place

Question: Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly?
Answer: in the southern region

Question: What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan?
Answer: Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement

Question: What Republic was created in 1934?

Question: Between 1917 and what year did collectivization of agriculture occur?

Question: What policy brought violence against the rich?

Question: What movement was revived by the rich?

Question: Which predominately ethnic Tajik cities did not remain in the Uzbek SSR?
Tajikistan

Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. Bobojon Ghafurov, Tajikistan's First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956 was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of the country during the Soviet Era. He was followed in office by Tursun Uljabayev (1956–61), Jabbor Rasulov (1961–1982), and Rahmon Nabiyev (1982–1985, 1991–1992).

Question: Who directed the purges of Soviets?
Answer: Moscow

Question: How many people were expelled??
Answer: nearly 10,000 people

Question: Who were sent to replace the expelled positions?
Answer: Ethnic Russians

Question: What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced?
Answer: subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary

Question: What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959?
Answer: grew from less than 1% to 13%

Question: How many purges resulted in the expulsion of nearly 100,000 people?

Question: What group did not dominate any party positions?

Question: Between 1916 and 1959, which population grew to 13%?

Question: How many rounds of Soviet purges were directed by Manhattan?
Tajikistan

Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to further expand the agriculture and industry of Tajikistan. During 1957–58 Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focused attention on Tajikistan, where living conditions, education and industry lagged behind the other Soviet Republics. In the 1980s, Tajikistan had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR, the lowest percentage of households in the two top per capita income groups, and the lowest rate of university graduates per 1000 people. By the late 1980s Tajik nationalists were calling for increased rights. Real disturbances did not occur within the republic until 1990. The following year, the Soviet Union collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence.

Question: When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army?
Answer: 1939

Question: How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII?
Answer: 260,000 Tajik

Question: What percent of Tajiks were killed during the war?
Answer: Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)

Question: What was not developing as fast as other Soviet Republics?
Answer: living conditions, education and industry

Question: Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929?

Question: Tajik citizens fought against Germany, France, and what country?

Question: Whose living conditions, education, and industry outpaced the other Soviet Republics?

Question: Who had the highest household saving rate in the USSR?

Question: By the late 1970s, Tajik nationalists were calling for what?
Tajikistan

The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former Soviet republics. Emomali Rahmon came to power in 1992, defeating former prime minister Abdumalik Abdullajanov in a November presidential election with 58% of the vote. The elections took place shortly after the end of the war, and Tajikistan was in a state of complete devastation. The estimated dead numbered over 100,000. Around 1.2 million people were refugees inside and outside of the country. In 1997, a ceasefire was reached between Rahmon and opposition parties under the guidance of Gerd D. Merrem, Special Representative to the Secretary General, a result widely praised as a successful United Nations peace keeping initiative. The ceasefire guaranteed 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition. Elections were held in 1999, though they were criticized by opposition parties and foreign observers as unfair and Rahmon was re-elected with 98% of the vote. Elections in 2006 were again won by Rahmon (with 79% of the vote) and he began his third term in office. Several opposition parties boycotted the 2006 election and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) criticized it, although observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States claimed the elections were legal and transparent. Rahmon's administration came under further criticism from the OSCE in October 2010 for its censorship and repression of the media. The OSCE claimed that the Tajik Government censored Tajik and foreign websites and instituted tax inspections on independent printing houses that led to the cessation of printing activities for a number of independent newspapers.

Question: How were the different factions distinguished from eachother?
Answer: by clan loyalties

Question: Why did more than half a million people flee?
Answer: because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities

Question: Who came into power in 1992?
Answer: Emomali Rahmon

Question: What did the ceasefire guaranteed?
Answer: 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition

Question: Fractions were often distinguished by what?

Question: Who came to power in 1982?

Question: Elections took place shortly before the beginning of the what?

Question: A ceasefire was reached between Rider and opposition parties in what year?

Question: The OSHA claimed that the Tajik government censored what?
Tajikistan

Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personnel periodically visit Tajikistan to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration. The Government of India rebuilt the Ayni Air Base, a military airport located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe, at a cost of $70 million, completing the repairs in September 2010. It is now the main base of the Tajikistan air force. There have been talks with Russia concerning use of the Ayni facility, and Russia continues to maintain a large base on the outskirts of Dushanbe.

Question: Who was stationed along the boarder?
Answer: Russian border troops

Question: Where have French Troops been stationed since September 11, 2001?
Answer: at the Dushanbe Airport

Question: Why do US troops visit Tajikistan every so often?
Answer: to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.

Question: Where is the main base for the Tajikistan air force?
Answer: t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe

Question: What troops were stationed along the Tajik-African border?

Question: French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport since before what attacks?

Question: The Government of China rebuilt the Ayni what?

Question: What is the main base of the Taliban air force?

Question: There have been talks with Romania concerning use of what?
Tajikistan

In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 soldiers, followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead. To date the country's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country's east, and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010. However, fighting erupted again in July 2012. In 2015 Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan, as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR (magazine online)

Question: Why was there concerns in 2010?
Answer: that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August

Question: How many solider were killed in September when Islamic militants escaped?
Answer: 28 Tajik soldiers

Question: When did the military operation end in Rasht Valley?
Answer: November 2010

Question: When did Russia say they will be sending more troops to Tajikistan?
Answer: 2015

Question: In 1910, there were concerns among the Tajik officials that what?

Question: What operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 1910?

Question: In 2015 Romania will send more what to Tajikistan?

Question: Fighting outside Guam left how many militants dead?
Tajikistan

Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of Tajikistan continually since November 1994. The Prime Minister is Kokhir Rasulzoda, the First Deputy Prime Minister is Matlubkhon Davlatov and the two Deputy Prime Ministers are Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova.

Question: What type of government does Tajikistan have?
Answer: a republic

Question: What kind of system is a dominant-party system?
Answer: where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament

Question: When was Emomalii Rahmon elected president?
Answer: November 1994

Question: Who is the prime minister of Tajikistan?
Answer: Kokhir Rasulzoda

Question: Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers?
Answer: Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova

Question: Who operates under a communist system?

Question: Who has held the office of Vice President of Tajikistan since 1994?

Question: The former Prime Minister is who?

Question: The sole Deputy Prime Minister is who?
Tajikistan

The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain a comfortable majority. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe election observers said the 2010 polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards." The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people.

Question: Why were parties upset in the 2005 election?
Answer: accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment

Question: What happened in the Feb 2010 election?
Answer: PDPT lose four seats in Parliament

Question: What did the OSCE say that Tajikistan did?
Answer: "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards."

Question: What was the Tajikistan governments response?
Answer: The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people

Question: The parliamentary election of 2015 aroused many what?

Question: Accusers believed that Vice President Emomalii Rahmon did what?

Question: The PDOT lost four seats in what election?

Question: Which polling met many key OSCE commitments?

Question: Who insisted that major violations occurred?
Tajikistan

Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru and journalists are often obstructed from reporting on controversial events. In practice, no public criticism of the regime is tolerated and all direct protest is severely suppressed and does not receive coverage in the local media.

Question: Even though Tajikistan has freedom of the press, what is the problem with it?
Answer: independent press outlets remain restricted

Question: What access is blocked?
Answer: access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru

Question: What is not tolerated by the government in respect to media?
Answer: no public criticism of the regime is tolerated

Question: What is not covered by local media?
Answer: all direct protest is severely suppressed

Question: What remains unrestricted?

Question: Access is granted to local and foreign what?

Question: Criticism of what is often tolerated?

Question: What often receives coverage in the local media?