Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Unicode

The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from local 8-bit code pages. However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible. In addition, the large restriction on possible patterns in UTF-8 (for instance there cannot be any lone bytes with the high bit set) means that it should be possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other character encodings without relying on the BOM.

Question: What is the UTF-8 standard? 
Answer: RFC 3629

Question: Byte order marks are forbidden in protocols using what standard? 
Answer: UTF-8

Question: Why is it possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other protocols?
Answer: the large restriction on possible patterns

Question: BOM can not replace what kind of UTF-8 text?

Question: What is used to distinguish local 8-bit code pages?

Question: What is the name of the BOM standard?

Question: What type of bytes are required in a high bit set?

Question: What type of patterns are rarely resticted?
Unicode

In UTF-32 and UCS-4, one 32-bit code value serves as a fairly direct representation of any character's code point (although the endianness, which varies across different platforms, affects how the code value manifests as an octet sequence). In the other encodings, each code point may be represented by a variable number of code values. UTF-32 is widely used as an internal representation of text in programs (as opposed to stored or transmitted text), since every Unix operating system that uses the gcc compilers to generate software uses it as the standard "wide character" encoding. Some programming languages, such as Seed7, use UTF-32 as internal representation for strings and characters. Recent versions of the Python programming language (beginning with 2.2) may also be configured to use UTF-32 as the representation for Unicode strings, effectively disseminating such encoding in high-level coded software.

Question: How is UTF-32 widely used? 
Answer: internal representation of text in programs

Question: What programming language uses UTF-32 as internal representation of characters? 
Answer: Seed7

Question: what version of python can be used with UTF-32? 
Answer: 2.2

Question: What does not vary across platforms?

Question: What uses UCS-4 as an internal representation?

Question: What is the last version of Python that can use UTF-32?

Question: What does Python use to generate the standard wide character encoding?

Question: What is used to represent transmitted text?
Unicode

Unicode includes a mechanism for modifying character shape that greatly extends the supported glyph repertoire. This covers the use of combining diacritical marks. They are inserted after the main character. Multiple combining diacritics may be stacked over the same character. Unicode also contains precomposed versions of most letter/diacritic combinations in normal use. These make conversion to and from legacy encodings simpler, and allow applications to use Unicode as an internal text format without having to implement combining characters. For example, é can be represented in Unicode as U+0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E) followed by U+0301 (COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT), but it can also be represented as the precomposed character U+00E9 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE). Thus, in many cases, users have multiple ways of encoding the same character. To deal with this, Unicode provides the mechanism of canonical equivalence.

Question: What combinations does unicode contain in normal use?
Answer: most letter/diacritic combinations

Question: How is the latin small letter e represented in Unicode?
Answer: U+0065

Question: How is the accent added to the small latin e? 
Answer: U+0301

Question: What precomposed character represents the small latin e with an accent? 
Answer: U+00E9

Question: What are inserted before a main character?

Question: What cannot have multiple instances of diacritics?

Question: What do applications have to implement?

Question: What prevents redundancy in the ways you can make one character?

Question: How is the capital letter e indicated in unicode?
Unicode

The CJK ideographs currently have codes only for their precomposed form. Still, most of those ideographs comprise simpler elements (often called radicals in English), so in principle, Unicode could have decomposed them, as it did with Hangul. This would have greatly reduced the number of required code points, while allowing the display of virtually every conceivable ideograph (which might do away with some of the problems caused by Han unification). A similar idea is used by some input methods, such as Cangjie and Wubi. However, attempts to do this for character encoding have stumbled over the fact that ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly as Hangul does.

Question: The CJK ideographs comprise simpler elements called what in English?
Answer: radicals

Question: Why have ideographs been unable to be simplified like Hangul?
Answer: ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly

Question: What would be the benefit of Unicode decomposing  ideographs?
Answer: greatly reduced the number of required code points

Question: What ideographs do not have codes for their precomposed form yet?

Question: What are precomposed forms called in English?

Question: What are called radicals in Hangul?

Question: What did Unicode do to CJK ideographs?

Question: What decomposes regularly in Wubi?
Unicode

Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

Question: What does ACE stand for? 
Answer: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

Question: Who created ACE?
Answer: DecoType

Question: When was ACE created? 
Answer: 1980s

Question: Who created OpenType?
Answer: Adobe and Microsoft

Question: Who created Graphite? 
Answer: SIL International

Question: When was OpenType created?

Question: What does AAT stand for?

Question: Who partnered with SIL International?

Question: Which two companies produced DecoType?

Question: What are two examples of scripts without orthographic rules?
Unicode

Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on the direction of the script they are intended to be used with). A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs. Real stacking is impossible, but can be approximated in limited cases (for example, Thai top-combining vowels and tone marks can just be at different heights to start with). Generally this approach is only effective in monospaced fonts, but may be used as a fallback rendering method when more complex methods fail.

Question: where are instructions embedded to tell fonts how to output sequences? 
Answer: in fonts

Question: Can real stacking be accomplished? 
Answer: Real stacking is impossible

Question: what is a solution to the placement of combining marks? 
Answer: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing

Question: What type of stacking is required?

Question: Approximated stacking is not possible with what kinds of fonts?

Question: What does the operating system tell what to do?

Question: What numerical value is assigned to the glyph?

Question: What is a mark adjust its position relative to?
Unicode

Several subsets of Unicode are standardized: Microsoft Windows since Windows NT 4.0 supports WGL-4 with 652 characters, which is considered to support all contemporary European languages using the Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic script. Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (Latin scripts only, 335 characters), MES-2 (Latin, Greek and Cyrillic 1062 characters) and MES-3A & MES-3B (two larger subsets, not shown here). Note that MES-2 includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4.

Question: What subset of Unicode is used by Windows? 
Answer: WGL-4 with 652 characters

Question: What are MES-1, MES-2, AND MES-3A AND MES-3B part of? 
Answer: Multilingual European Subsets

Question: What subset includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4? 
Answer: MES-2

Question: How long has Microsoft Windows supported WGL-4? 
Answer: since Windows NT 4.0

Question: MES-1 uses what scripts only? 
Answer: Latin scripts only

Question: What system uses MES-3A?

Question: How many Latin characters are supported in WGL-4?

Question: How many characters are in MES-3B?

Question: MES-3A combines which two other sets?

Question: What subset only uses the Greek script?
Unicode

Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Last Resort font will display a substitute glyph indicating the Unicode range of the character, and the SIL International's Unicode Fallback font will display a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character.

Question: What does rendering software display when it can't process a Unicode character? 
Answer: open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character"

Question: What is the code for the Unicode replacement character? 
Answer: U+FFFD

Question: What is the name of Apple's font? 
Answer: Last Resort

Question: What does SIL's Unicode Fallback font display when it can't display a character properly? 
Answer: a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character

Question: What company uses the Unicode Fallback font? 
Answer: SIL International

Question: What is the Unicode for an open rectangle?

Question: What company uses U+FFFD?

Question: What is the glyph that Apple's Last Resort font displays?

Question: What software by SIL cannot process unicode characters?
Unicode

Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UTF-16) and later moved to UTF-16 (the variable-width current standard), as this was the least disruptive way to add support for non-BMP characters. The best known such system is Windows NT (and its descendants, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7), which uses UTF-16 as the sole internal character encoding. The Java and .NET bytecode environments, Mac OS X, and KDE also use it for internal representation. Unicode is available on Windows 95 through Microsoft Layer for Unicode, as well as on its descendants, Windows 98 and Windows ME.

Question: What is the dominant scheme for internal processing? 
Answer: Unicode

Question: What is Unicode available through Windows on? 
Answer: Microsoft Layer

Question: What was the two-byte precursor to UTF-16? 
Answer: UCS-2

Question: What is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems? 
Answer: Unicode

Question: What are legacy encodings used exclusively for?

Question: What was the precursor to the UCS-2?

Question: What descended from Mac OS X?

Question: What are Mac OS X and KDE called?

Question: What is fixed-width one byte?
Unicode

MIME defines two different mechanisms for encoding non-ASCII characters in email, depending on whether the characters are in email headers (such as the "Subject:"), or in the text body of the message; in both cases, the original character set is identified as well as a transfer encoding. For email transmission of Unicode the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding are recommended, depending on whether much of the message consists of ASCII-characters. The details of the two different mechanisms are specified in the MIME standards and generally are hidden from users of email software.

Question: What is recommended for email transmission of Unicode? 
Answer: the UTF-8 character set and the Base64 or the Quoted-printable transfer encoding

Question: Where are the details of the two mechanisms for email transmission specified? 
Answer: MIME standards

Question: How many different mechanisms does MIME define for encoding Unicode in email? 
Answer: two different mechanisms

Question: How many ways can ASCII characters be encoded in an email?

Question: What is another way to refer to the text body?

Question: What specifications are visible to the user?

Question: When is Base64 not recommended?
Unicode

Thousands of fonts exist on the market, but fewer than a dozen fonts—sometimes described as "pan-Unicode" fonts—attempt to support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire. Instead, Unicode-based fonts typically focus on supporting only basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols. Several reasons justify this approach: applications and documents rarely need to render characters from more than one or two writing systems; fonts tend to demand resources in computing environments; and operating systems and applications show increasing intelligence in regard to obtaining glyph information from separate font files as needed, i.e., font substitution. Furthermore, designing a consistent set of rendering instructions for tens of thousands of glyphs constitutes a monumental task; such a venture passes the point of diminishing returns for most typefaces.

Question: How many fonts support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire? 
Answer: fewer than a dozen fonts

Question: What are the fonts that support Unicode referred to as? 
Answer: "pan-Unicode" fonts

Question: Unicode-based fonts are normally focused on supporting what? 
Answer: basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols

Question: What are most of the fonts on the market called?

Question: Pan unicode fonts only support what?

Question: What normally need more than one or two writing systems?

Question: What is another name for computing environments?
Unicode

In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical platform dependent solutions. Nonetheless, few if any Unicode solutions have adopted these Unicode line and paragraph separators as the sole canonical line ending characters. However, a common approach to solving this issue is through newline normalization. This is achieved with the Cocoa text system in Mac OS X and also with W3C XML and HTML recommendations. In this approach every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline (which one does not really matter since it is an internal operation just for rendering). In other words, the text system can correctly treat the character as a newline, regardless of the input's actual encoding.

Question: What is the code for separating lines? 
Answer: U+2028

Question: What is the code for separating paragraphs? 
Answer: U+2029

Question: How is newline normalization accomplished in Mac OS X? 
Answer: Cocoa text system

Question: How does the newliine normallization format work? 
Answer: every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline

Question: What widely adopted solution did Unicode provide?

Question: What uses HTML recommendations?

Question: Why does it matter which newline character is chosen?

Question: What is the name of the Cocoa text system?

Question: What are common newlines converted into?
Unicode

Unicode has been criticized for failing to separately encode older and alternative forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names. This is often due to the fact that Unicode encodes characters rather than glyphs (the visual representations of the basic character that often vary from one language to another). Unification of glyphs leads to the perception that the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged.[clarification needed] There have been several attempts to create alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters in opposition to Unicode's policy of Han unification. An example of one is TRON (although it is not widely adopted in Japan, there are some users who need to handle historical Japanese text and favor it).

Question: Why has Unicode been criticized for not separately encoding forms of kanji?
Answer: complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names

Question: What is TRON? 
Answer: alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters

Question: What perception does the unification of glyphs cause? 
Answer: the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged

Question: What does Unicode encode instead of characters?

Question: What are characters defined as?

Question: What alternative has become popular in Japan?

Question: What languages do not suffer from the unification of glyphs?

Question: What are being merged alongside just the glyphs?
Unicode

Modern font technology provides a means to address the practical issue of needing to depict a unified Han character in terms of a collection of alternative glyph representations, in the form of Unicode variation sequences. For example, the Advanced Typographic tables of OpenType permit one of a number of alternative glyph representations to be selected when performing the character to glyph mapping process. In this case, information can be provided within plain text to designate which alternate character form to select.

Question: what tables of OpenType allow permit the selection of alternative glyph representations?
Answer: Advanced Typographic

Question: Where is information provided to designate which character form to select? 
Answer: plain text

Question: How does modern font technology address the issue of depicting a Han character in alternate glyph representations? 
Answer: Unicode variation sequences

Question: What has worsened the practical aspects of unification?

Question: What prevents OpenType from having alternative glyphs?

Question: What designates which alternate character to select?
Unicode

Unicode was designed to provide code-point-by-code-point round-trip format conversion to and from any preexisting character encodings, so that text files in older character sets can be naïvely converted to Unicode, and then back and get back the same file. That has meant that inconsistent legacy architectures, such as combining diacritics and precomposed characters, both exist in Unicode, giving more than one method of representing some text. This is most pronounced in the three different encoding forms for Korean Hangul. Since version 3.0, any precomposed characters that can be represented by a combining sequence of already existing characters can no longer be added to the standard in order to preserve interoperability between software using different versions of Unicode.

Question: Unicode was designed for a round trip format conversion to and from what? 
Answer: preexisting character encodings

Question: How many encoding forms are there for Korean Hangul?
Answer: three different encoding forms

Question: Since what version can already existing characters no longer be added to the standard? 
Answer: version 3.0

Question: What is Unicode converted into?

Question: How many encoding forms does Unicode have?

Question: After what version did it become possible to add preexisting characters?

Question: What type of characters can be added in versions post 3.0?

Question: What does adding characters help to preserve?
Unicode

Injective mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and characters in Unicode to facilitate conversion to Unicode and allow interoperability with legacy software. Lack of consistency in various mappings between earlier Japanese encodings such as Shift-JIS or EUC-JP and Unicode led to round-trip format conversion mismatches, particularly the mapping of the character JIS X 0208 '～' (1-33, WAVE DASH), heavily used in legacy database data, to either U+FF5E ～ FULLWIDTH TILDE (in Microsoft Windows) or U+301C 〜 WAVE DASH (other vendors).

Question: What kind of mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and those in Unicode?
Answer: Injective mappings

Question: A lack of consistency between what earlier Japanese encodings and unicode led to mismatches?
Answer: Shift-JIS or EUC-JP

Question: what is the fullwidth tilde character code in Microsoft Windows?
Answer: U+FF5E

Question: What helps to convert characters out of Unicode?

Question: WAVE DASH is only found in what version of OS?

Question: What is the Windows code for EUC-JP?

Question: What are the names of the two forms of Unicode?

Question: What does a lack of consistency prevent?
Unicode

Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard. The correct rendering of Unicode Indic text requires transforming the stored logical order characters into visual order and the forming of ligatures (aka conjuncts) out of components. Some local scholars argued in favor of assignments of Unicode code points to these ligatures, going against the practice for other writing systems, though Unicode contains some Arabic and other ligatures for backward compatibility purposes only. Encoding of any new ligatures in Unicode will not happen, in part because the set of ligatures is font-dependent, and Unicode is an encoding independent of font variations. The same kind of issue arose for Tibetan script[citation needed] (the Chinese National Standard organization failed to achieve a similar change).

Question: How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated? 
Answer: 128

Question: What is another word for ligatures? 
Answer: conjuncts

Question: What is the ISCII standard? 
Answer: 128 code points

Question: How many points is Arabic given?

Question: Who argued Indic scripts should follow the practice of other writing systems?

Question: Why are more ligatures in Unicode likely to happen?

Question: Which organization successfully argued for the Tibetan script?

Question: What is the visual order transformed into?
Unicode

Thai alphabet support has been criticized for its ordering of Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order, unlike the Unicode representations of other Indic scripts. This complication is due to Unicode inheriting the Thai Industrial Standard 620, which worked in the same way, and was the way in which Thai had always been written on keyboards. This ordering problem complicates the Unicode collation process slightly, requiring table lookups to reorder Thai characters for collation. Even if Unicode had adopted encoding according to spoken order, it would still be problematic to collate words in dictionary order. E.g., the word แสดง  [sa dɛːŋ] "perform" starts with a consonant cluster "สด" (with an inherent vowel for the consonant "ส"), the vowel แ-, in spoken order would come after the ด, but in a dictionary, the word is collated as it is written, with the vowel following the ส.

Question: What standard did Unicode inherit involving a Thai language? 
Answer: Thai Industrial Standard 620

Question: Why has Thai alphabet support been criticized? 
Answer: its ordering of Thai characters

Question: How are the Thai characters ordered incorrectly? 
Answer: Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order

Question: How are Thai characters written similarly to other Unicode scripts?

Question: What standard did Unicode create for the Thai language?

Question: Who criticized the order of Thai characters?

Question: What kind of machine was the Thai Industrial Standard 620 not implemented on?

Question: What are written to the right of the preceding consonant?
Unicode

Characters with diacritical marks can generally be represented either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks. For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters. Similarly, underdots, as needed in the romanization of Indic, will often be placed incorrectly[citation needed]. Unicode characters that map to precomposed glyphs can be used in many cases, thus avoiding the problem, but where no precomposed character has been encoded the problem can often be solved by using a specialist Unicode font such as Charis SIL that uses Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies for advanced rendering features.

Question: How are characters with diacritical marks represented? 
Answer: either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks

Question: What encoding does Charis SIL use? 
Answer: Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies

Question: What is the issue with underdots and their placement? 
Answer: often be placed incorrectly

Question: Characters with what marks can be displayed as a single character or a decomposed sequence? 
Answer: diacritical marks

Question: How should the characters with the macron and acute be displayed? 
Answer: identically

Question: What is the maximum number of non-spacing marks?

Question: What romanization mark is rarely visually incorrect?

Question: What is the name of the rendering technology OpenType uses?

Question: What are rendered identically in practice?

Question: Macrons are used only in what form of Idic?
Detroit

The region grew based on the lucrative fur trade, in which numerous Native American people had important roles. Detroit's city flag reflects its French colonial heritage. (See Flag of Detroit). Descendants of the earliest French and French Canadian settlers formed a cohesive community who gradually were replaced as the dominant population after more Anglo-American settlers came to the area in the early 19th century. Living along the shores of Lakes St. Clair, and south to Monroe and downriver suburbs, the French Canadians of Detroit, also known as Muskrat French, remain a subculture in the region today.

Question: What trade was instrumental to the growth of this region?
Answer: fur

Question: What is the name of the French Canadians in Detroit?
Answer: Muskrat French

Question: By which group were the original French and French Canadians replaced?
Answer: Anglo-American settlers
Detroit

Lafayette Park is a revitalized neighborhood on the city's east side, part of the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district. The 78-acre (32 ha) development was originally called the Gratiot Park. Planned by Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell it includes a landscaped, 19-acre (7.7 ha) park with no through traffic, in which these and other low-rise apartment buildings are situated. Immigrants have contributed to the city's neighborhood revitalization, especially in southwest Detroit. Southwest Detroit has experienced a thriving economy in recent years, as evidenced by new housing, increased business openings and the recently opened Mexicantown International Welcome Center.

Question: What district is Lafayette Park a part of?
Answer: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district

Question: How large is Lafayette Park?
Answer: 78-acre

Question: In which part of Detroit is Mexicantown International Welcome Center?
Answer: Southwest Detroit

Question: Who planned Lafayette Park?
Answer: Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell
Detroit

Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the Michigan Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. The city provides law enforcement through the Detroit Police Department and emergency services through the Detroit Fire Department.

Question: Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located?
Answer: Coleman A. Young Municipal Center

Question: Where is the Circuit Court located?
Answer: Frank Murphy Hall of Justice

Question: Which District Court is Detroit home to?
Answer: Thirty-Sixth
Detroit

Detroit is served by various private schools, as well as parochial Roman Catholic schools operated by the Archdiocese of Detroit. As of 2013[update] there are four Catholic grade schools and three Catholic high schools in the City of Detroit, with all of them in the city's west side. The Archdiocese of Detroit lists a number of primary and secondary schools in the metro area as Catholic education has emigrated to the suburbs. Of the three Catholic high schools in the city, two are operated by the Society of Jesus and the third is co-sponsored by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Congregation of St. Basil.

Question: How many Catholic high schools are in Detroit?
Answer: three

Question: How many Catholic grade schools are in Detroit?
Answer: four

Question: On which side of the city of the city are all of the Catholic schools located?
Answer: west

Question: Two of the three Catholic high schools are operated by which religious group?
Answer: Society of Jesus
London

London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.

Question: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?
Answer: 7,375

Question: On what river is London situated?
Answer: River Thames

Question: What was London's original name, as founded by the Romans?
Answer: Londinium

Question: What bodies govern Greater London?
Answer: the Mayor of London and the London Assembly

Question: What is the approximate area of the core of the City of London?
Answer: 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2)
London

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

Question: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP?
Answer: fifth-or sixth-largest

Question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games?
Answer: three

Question: What measurement designates London as the world's most visited city?
Answer: international arrivals

Question: How many universities does London boast?
Answer: 43

Question: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?
Answer: 2012
London

London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within Greater London. The Office for National Statistics estimated its mid-2014 population to be 8,538,689, the largest of any municipality in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5 percent of the UK population. London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census. The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants,[note 4] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.

Question: From the 2011 census, London is second in population in the EU to which city?
Answer: Paris

Question: During what time did London have the world's largest population, city-wise?
Answer: around 1831 to 1925

Question: Approximately how many languages are spoken in the Greater London area?
Answer: more than 300

Question: As of mid-2014, London's population forms what percentage of the entire United Kingdom population?
Answer: 12.5

Question: What is the population of metropolitan London?
Answer: 13,879,757
London

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.

Question: How many theaters does London's West End have?
Answer: 40

Question: Where does Greenwich Mean Time marked?
Answer: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich

Question: What famous palace is located in London?
Answer: Buckingham Palace

Question: What is the name of the world's oldest underground railway?
Answer: The London Underground

Question: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?
Answer: four
London

Among other inhabitants of London are 10,000 foxes, so that there are now 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres) of London. These urban foxes are noticeably bolder than their country cousins, sharing the pavement with pedestrians and raising cubs in people's backyards. Foxes have even sneaked into the Houses of Parliament, where one was found asleep on a filing cabinet. Another broke into the grounds of Buckingham Palace, reportedly killing some of Queen Elizabeth II's prized pink flamingos. Generally, however, foxes and city folk appear to get along. A survey in 2001 by the London-based Mammal Society found that 80 percent of 3,779 respondents who volunteered to keep a diary of garden mammal visits liked having them around. This sample cannot be taken to represent Londoners as a whole.

Question: What type of animal belonging to Queen Elizabeth II was killed by an intruding fox on the Buckingham Palace grounds?
Answer: pink flamingos

Question: What animal was seen sleeping in London's Parliament Building?
Answer: fox

Question: Approximately how many foxes live in the City of London?
Answer: 10,000

Question: In 2001, what organization conducted a survey of residents regarding London's fox population?
Answer: the London-based Mammal Society

Question: What is London's fox population density?
Answer: 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres)
London

Across London, Black and Asian children outnumber White British children by about six to four in state schools. Altogether at the 2011 census, of London's 1,624,768 population aged 0 to 15, 46.4 per cent were White, 19.8 per cent were Asian, 19 per cent were Black, 10.8 per cent were Mixed and 4 per cent represented another ethnic group. In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken in London and more than 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that, in 2010[update], London's foreign-born population was 2,650,000 (33 per cent), up from 1,630,000 in 1997.

Question: What is the ratio of black and Asian schoolchildren to white schoolchildren?
Answer: about six to four

Question: What was the approximate population of London children aged 0 to 15 years at the time of the 2011 census?
Answer: 1,624,768

Question: According to the 2011 London census, what percentage of children were black?
Answer: 19 per cent

Question: The 2011 census in London found what percentage of children to be white?
Answer: 46.4

Question: A 2005 survey indicated that how many communities comprised of non-indigenous people existed in London?
Answer: more than 50
London

Walking is a popular recreational activity in London. Areas that provide for walks include Wimbledon Common, Epping Forest, Hampton Court Park, Hampstead Heath, the eight Royal Parks, canals and disused railway tracks. Access to canals and rivers has improved recently, including the creation of the Thames Path, some 28 miles (45 km) of which is within Greater London, and The Wandle Trail; this runs 12 miles (19 km) through South London along the River Wandle, a tributary of the River Thames. Other long distance paths, linking green spaces, have also been created, including the Capital Ring, the Green Chain Walk, London Outer Orbital Path ("Loop"), Jubilee Walkway, Lea Valley Walk, and the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk.

Question: What river is a tributary of the River Thames?
Answer: the River Wandle

Question: What is the London Outer Orbital Path commonly referred as?
Answer: "Loop"

Question: What walking path was created as a tribute to a member of the Royal Family who died prematurely?
Answer: the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk

Question: Which walking path follows the route of the body of water for which it is named?
Answer: the Thames Path

Question: What recent improvements has served to enhance the walking experience?
Answer: Access to canals and rivers
Culture

Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaning—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.

Question:  How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short?
Answer: the way of life

Question: What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views?
Answer: Terror Management Theory

Question: What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?
Answer: larger brain

Question: How does the Cambridge Swedish Dictionary define "Culture" in short?

Question: What is the name of a theory that culture is a series of locations and world rules?

Question: What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become unaware of Culture?

Question: What are Homo Sapiens able to avoid as  a result of having a larger brain?

Question: What is defined as "the way of life, especially the supernatural customs and beliefs, of a particular individual at a particular time?"
Culture

As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed] This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society.

Question: Around when were humans able to understand to some degree what culture really meant?
Answer: 50,000 years ago

Question: Name some cultural universals that exist with humans today.
Answer: kinship, gender and marriage

Question: What does the term "concept material culture" cover?
Answer: technology, architecture and art

Question: What is not a defining aspect of what it means to be human?

Question: When were humans able to understand culture fully?

Question: What does the term "concept immaterial culture" cover?

Question: What is excluded from the cultural heritage of a society?

Question: What cultural universals no longer exist in humans?
Culture

In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry.[dubious – discuss] Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, such perspectives common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.

Question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly?
Answer: body modification, clothing or jewelry

Question: Around what time did Mass Culture emerge?
Answer: 20th century

Question: What do some schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?
Answer: as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness

Question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture invisibly?

Question: Around what time did Mass Culture end?

Question: What do no schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?

Question: What school of philosophy argues that culture is never used politically?

Question: What perspective holds that the basis of culture is found in devolved biological dispositions?
Culture

When used as a count noun "a culture", is the set of customs, traditions and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation. In this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory. Sometimes "culture" is also used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society, a subculture (e.g. "bro culture"), or a counter culture. Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism holds that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture.

Question: What does the term "Count Noun" mean?
Answer: a culture

Question: What cultural traits fall under the term count noun?
Answer: customs, traditions and values of a society or community

Question: What falls within the term "cultural anthropology"?
Answer: the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism

Question: What can never be used as a count noun?

Question: What is a concept that values an angry coexistence and mutual disrespect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory?

Question: What term is no longer used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society?

Question: What perspective holds that cultures can be easily ranked and evaluated?