Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Modern_history

However, the crisis did not exist in a void; it came after a long series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers over European and colonial issues in the decade prior to 1914 which had left tensions high. The diplomatic clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1870. An example is the Baghdad Railway which was planned to connect the Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The railway became a source of international disputes during the years immediately preceding World War I. Although it has been argued that they were resolved in 1914 before the war began, it has also been argued that the railroad was a cause of the First World War. Fundamentally the war was sparked by tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the great powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia) first captured Ottoman-held remaining part of Thessaly, Macedonia, Epirus, Albania and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the spoils, with incorporation of Romania this time.

Question: Where was the Baghdad Railway Suppose to connect?
Answer: Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq

Question: What fundamental cause started the war in 1914?
Answer: tensions over territory in the Balkans.

Question: Who did Austria-Hungary war with over territory?
Answer: Serbia and Russia

Question: Where did the Balkan wars take place?
Answer: South-eastern Europe

Question: Why did Albania fall out with Thessaly, Macedonia and Epirus?
Answer: over the division of the spoils
Modern_history

The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the disintegration of four empires—the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian ones—as well as radical change in the European and West Asian maps. The Allied powers before 1917 are referred to as the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers are referred to as the Triple Alliance.

Question: When did the first World War begin? 
Answer: 1914

Question: Who led the Allied powers?
Answer: British Empire, France, Russia

Question: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire??
Answer: Japan and the United States

Question: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917?
Answer: Triple Entente

Question: How many Empires did the war cause destruction to?
Answer: four empires
Modern_history

Much of the fighting in World War I took place along the Western Front, within a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland. On the Eastern Front, the vast eastern plains and limited rail network prevented a trench warfare stalemate from developing, although the scale of the conflict was just as large. Hostilities also occurred on and under the sea and—for the first time—from the air. More than 9 million soldiers died on the various battlefields, and nearly that many more in the participating countries' home fronts on account of food shortages and genocide committed under the cover of various civil wars and internal conflicts. Notably, more people died of the worldwide influenza outbreak at the end of the war and shortly after than died in the hostilities. The unsanitary conditions engendered by the war, severe overcrowding in barracks, wartime propaganda interfering with public health warnings, and migration of so many soldiers around the world helped the outbreak become a pandemic.

Question: Where did most of the fighting in World War I take place?
Answer: along the Western Front

Question: What is the Western Front?
Answer: a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland.

Question: What prevented a trench warfare stalemate?
Answer: On the Eastern Front, the vast eastern plains and limited rail network

Question: How many soldiers died? in World War I?
Answer: More than 9 million

Question: Where did hostiles appear for the first time during the war?
Answer: from the air.
Modern_history

Ultimately, World War I created a decisive break with the old world order that had emerged after the Napoleonic Wars, which was modified by the mid-19th century's nationalistic revolutions. The results of World War I would be important factors in the development of World War II approximately 20 years later. More immediate to the time, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was a political event that redrew the political boundaries of West Asia. The huge conglomeration of territories and peoples formerly ruled by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was divided into several new nations. The partitioning brought the creation of the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey. The League of Nations granted France mandates over Syria and Lebanon and granted the United Kingdom mandates over Mesopotamia and Palestine (which was later divided into two regions: Palestine and Transjordan). Parts of the Ottoman Empire on the Arabian Peninsula became parts of what are today Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

Question: In what century did the Nationalistic revolutions occur?
Answer: mid-19th century's

Question: How many years after world war I did world war II start?
Answer: 20 years later.

Question: What withdrew the political boundaries of West Asia?
Answer: partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

Question: What did the partitioning of the Otto Empire bring about? 
Answer: the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey.

Question: Who did The League of Nations grant  France mandates over?
Answer: Syria and Lebanon
Modern_history

The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.

Question: What is the Russian Revolution?
Answer: the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

Question: What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?
Answer: the Russian Provisional Government was established.

Question: What event happened in October of 1917?
Answer: a red faction revolution

Question: What happened during the red faction revolution?
Answer: armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg
Modern_history

Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:

Question: When was the armistice signed between Russia and Central powers?
Answer: 1917

Question: What did Central powers concede in exchange for peace?
Answer: huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire

Question: Who did the Bolsheviks make peace with?
Answer: the German Empire

Question: What were Vladimir Lenin's decisions caused by? 
Answer: his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II

Question: Who did the German sponsorship of Lenin's Petrograd upset?
Answer: Western Allies
Modern_history

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and then in other places. In the wake of the October Revolution, the old Russian Imperial Army had been demobilized; the volunteer-based Red Guard was the Bolsheviks' main military force, augmented by an armed military component of the Cheka, the Bolshevik state security apparatus. There was an instituted mandatory conscription of the rural peasantry into the Red Army. Opposition of rural Russians to Red Army conscription units was overcome by taking hostages and shooting them when necessary in order to force compliance. Former Tsarist officers were utilized as "military specialists" (voenspetsy), taking their families hostage in order to ensure loyalty. At the start of the war, three-fourths of the Red Army officer corps was composed of former Tsarist officers. By its end, 83% of all Red Army divisional and corps commanders were ex-Tsarist soldiers.

Question: Where did Soviets under the rule of the  Bolshevik first assume power during the Russian Civil War?
Answer: Petrograd (St. Petersburg)

Question: In the wake of the October resolution, what happened to the Russian Imperial Army?
Answer: demobilized

Question: What was Bolshevik's main military force?
Answer: volunteer-based Red Guard

Question: How did the Red red Army overcome their foes?
Answer: by taking hostages and shooting them when necessary in order to force compliance.

Question: How were former Tsarist Officers utilized? 
Answer: as "military specialists"
Modern_history

The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war, including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army, the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards, and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg. The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920. Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok, previously held by the Provisional Priamur Government. The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast. The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).

Question: Who was the principal fighting between?
Answer: Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.

Question: In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?
Answer: 1918 to 1920

Question: When did the major military operation end?
Answer: 25 October 1922

Question: What general was defeated in 1920?
Answer: General Pyotr Wrangel

Question: Where did the last Resistance from the White movement occur?
Answer: Far East
Modern_history

The May Fourth Movement helped to rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution. In 1917 Sun Yat-sen had become commander-in-chief of a rival military government in Guangzhou in collaboration with southern warlords. Sun's efforts to obtain aid from the Western democracies were ignored, however, and in 1920 he turned to the Soviet Union, which had recently achieved its own revolution. The Soviets sought to befriend the Chinese revolutionists by offering scathing attacks on Western imperialism. But for political expediency, the Soviet leadership initiated a dual policy of support for both Sun and the newly established Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Question: What did the May Fourth movement help do?
Answer: rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution.

Question: Sun Yat-Sen became the leader of what military group.
Answer: a rival military government in Guangzhou

Question: What did Sun Yat-Sen hope to get from western democracies?
Answer: aid

Question: Who did Sun Yet-Sen turn in 1930 for help?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: How did the Soviets try to befriend  the Chinese Revolutionist?
Answer: by offering scathing attacks on Western imperialism.
Modern_history

In North America, especially the first half of this period, people experienced considerable prosperity in the Roaring Twenties. The social and societal upheaval known as the Roaring Twenties began in North America and spread to Europe in the aftermath of World War I. The Roaring Twenties, often called "The Jazz Age", saw an exposition of social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. 'Normalcy' returned to politics, jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined modern womanhood, Art Deco peaked. The spirit of the Roaring Twenties was marked by a general feeling of discontinuity associated with modernity, a break with traditions. Everything seemed to be feasible through modern technology. New technologies, especially automobiles, movies and radio proliferated 'modernity' to a large part of the population. The 1920s saw the general favor of practicality, in architecture as well as in daily life. The 1920s was further distinguished by several inventions and discoveries, extensive industrial growth and the rise in consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle.

Question: What is the "Roaring Twenties" ?
Answer: social and societal upheaval

Question: Where did the "Roaring Twenties" begin?
Answer: North America

Question: Where did the "Roaring Twenties"  spread to after the war?
Answer: Europe

Question: What is the "Roaring Twenties" also known as?
Answer: The Jazz Age

Question: what did the "Jazz Age" usher in? 
Answer: an exposition of social, artistic, and cultural dynamism.
Modern_history

Europe spent these years rebuilding and coming to terms with the vast human cost of the conflict. The economy of the United States became increasingly intertwined with that of Europe. In Germany, the Weimar Republic gave way to episodes of political and economic turmoil, which culminated with the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the failed Beer Hall Putsch of that same year. When Germany could no longer afford war payments, Wall Street invested heavily in European debts to keep the European economy afloat as a large consumer market for American mass-produced goods. By the middle of the decade, economic development soared in Europe, and the Roaring Twenties broke out in Germany, Britain and France, the second half of the decade becoming known as the "Golden Twenties". In France and francophone Canada, they were also called the "années folles" ("Crazy Years").

Question: When did the hyperinflation of  1923 occur?
Answer: 1923

Question: Who invested in European debts?
Answer: Wall Street

Question: Europe has a large market for what?
Answer: American mass-produced goods
Modern_history

Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall.

Question: What changed worldwide property drasrically?
Answer: the onset of the Great Depression

Question: In what year did The wall Street crash occur?
Answer: 1929

Question: What is the Great Depression?
Answer: a worldwide economic downturn

Question: When did the great Depression end?
Answer: 1930s or early 1940s

Question: The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century?
Answer: 20th century
Modern_history

The depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich or poor. International trade plunged by half to two-thirds, as did personal income, tax revenue, prices and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by roughly 60 percent. Facing plummeting demand with few alternate sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries suffered the most.

Question: Where did the depression cause negative effects?
Answer: virtually every country

Question: How much did international trade fall?
Answer: by half to two-thirds,

Question: What happened to construction during the Depression?
Answer: virtually halted in many countries

Question: How far did crop prices fall?
Answer: 60 percent
Modern_history

The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some world states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for the next era of war. The convulsion brought on by the worldwide depression resulted in the rise of Nazism. In Asia, Japan became an ever more assertive power, especially with regards to China.

Question: When did Americas Great Depression end?
Answer: 1941

Question: In some world states who did the people turn to? 
Answer: nationalist demagogues

Question: Who was the most notable Nationalist Demagogue the people turned to? 
Answer: Adolf Hitler

Question: What did the Convulsion caused by the global depression resul in?
Answer: the rise of Nazism
Modern_history

The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.

Question: What was the Interwar period marked by?
Answer: radical change in the international order

Question: What institution was meant to bring stability?
Answer: the League of Nations

Question: When was The League of Nations created?
Answer: after the First World War

Question: Who undermined  The League Of Nations?
Answer: bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States

Question: What effect did the  undermining of The league of Nations have on the people?
Answer: leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.
Modern_history

A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time. The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail. The incident highlighted French and British weakness, exemplified by their reluctance to alienate Italy and lose her as their ally. The limited actions taken by the Western powers pushed Mussolini's Italy towards alliance with Hitler's Germany anyway. The Abyssinian war showed Hitler how weak the League was and encouraged the remilitarization of the Rhineland in flagrant disregard of the Treaty of Versailles. This was the first in a series of provocative acts culminating in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the beginning of the Second World War.

Question: Who was first to invade Manchuria?
Answer: Japan

Question: What is the Abyssinian crisis?
Answer: Italy invaded Abyssinia

Question: What is Abyssinia?
Answer: one of the only free African nations at that time

Question: When did the Abyssinian crisis occur?
Answer: 1935/36

Question: Who did The League try to force economic sanctions on?
Answer: Italy
Modern_history

Few Chinese had any illusions about Japanese designs on China. Hungry for raw materials and pressed by a growing population, Japan initiated the seizure of Manchuria in September 1931 and established ex-Qing emperor Puyi as head of the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932. During the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), the loss of Manchuria, and its vast potential for industrial development and war industries, was a blow to the Kuomintang economy. The League of Nations, established at the end of World War I, was unable to act in the face of the Japanese defiance. After 1940, conflicts between the Kuomintang and Communists became more frequent in the areas not under Japanese control. The Communists expanded their influence wherever opportunities presented themselves through mass organizations, administrative reforms, and the land- and tax-reform measures favoring the peasants—while the Kuomintang attempted to neutralize the spread of Communist influence.

Question: When did the seizure of Manchuria occur?
Answer: September 1931

Question: Who was named the head of the puppet state after the seizure of Manchuria?
Answer: ex-Qing emperor Puyi

Question: What dealt a blow to the Kuomintang economy?
Answer: loss of Manchuria, and its vast potential for industrial development and war industries,

Question: In what year did conflict between the Kuomintang and Communist intensify? 
Answer: 1940

Question: What was Kuomintang's main goal pertaining to Communist? 
Answer: neutralize the spread of Communist influence.
Modern_history

The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the Panay incident and the Nanking Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan. With the occupation of French Indochina in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States placed embargoes on Japan of strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort. The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of South East Asia—specifically British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). In 1940, Imperial Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

Question: What war saw tensions arise between between Imperial Japan and the United States?
Answer: The Second Sino-Japanese War

Question: What did the United States place on Japans war efforts?
Answer: embargoes

Question: What did the American Embargoes prevent Japan from aquiring?
Answer: strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil

Question: Who did Imperial Japan sign a Tripartite pact with? 
Answer: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
Modern_history

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were referred as a "trusteeship of the powerful" during the World War II  and were recognized as the Allied "Big Four" in Declaration by United Nations These four countries were considered as the "Four Policemen" or "Four Sheriffs" of the Allies power and primary victors of World War II. From then through August 1945, battles raged across all of Europe, in the North Atlantic Ocean, across North Africa, throughout Southeast Asia, throughout China, across the Pacific Ocean and in the air over Japan.

Question: Where did Japan attack the United States?
Answer: Pearl Harbor

Question: When did the attack on Pearl Harbor occur?
Answer: December 7, 1941

Question: What countries were referred to as "The Trusteeship Of The Powerful"?
Answer: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China

Question: What did The United Nations name "The Trusteeship Of The Powerful"
Answer: "Four Policemen"

Question: Who were the victors of World War II? 
Answer: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China
Modern_history

It is possible that around 62 million people died in the war; estimates vary greatly. About 60% of all casualties were civilians, who died as a result of disease, starvation, genocide (in particular, the Holocaust), and aerial bombing. The former Soviet Union and China suffered the most casualties. Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million. No country lost a greater portion of its population than Poland: approximately 5.6 million, or 16%, of its pre-war population of 34.8 million died.

Question: What Was estimated amount of deaths during the war?
Answer: 62 million

Question: What percent of the deaths during the war were civilians?
Answer: About 60%

Question: What countries suffered the most casualties in the war?
Answer: The former Soviet Union and China

Question: What percentage of it's population did Poland lose in the war?
Answer: 16%,

Question: How many deaths did the Soviet Union suffer in the war?
Answer: 23 million
Modern_history

After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. These two rivals would later face off in the Cold War. In Asia, the defeat of Japan led to its democratization. China's civil war continued through and after the war, resulting eventually in the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The former colonies of the European powers began their road to independence.

Question: What was Europe split into after World War II?
Answer: Western and Soviet spheres of influence.

Question: What does the term NATO represent?
Answer: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question: Who battled in the cold war?
Answer: United States and the Soviet Union.

Question: What did the defeat of Japan mean for Asia?
Answer: led to its democratization.

Question: What did China name themselves after the war?
Answer: the People's Republic of China.
Modern_history

Over the course of the 20th century, the world's per-capita gross domestic product grew by a factor of five, much more than all earlier centuries combined (including the 19th with its Industrial Revolution). Many economists make the case that this understates the magnitude of growth, as many of the goods and services consumed at the end of the 20th century, such as improved medicine (causing world life expectancy to increase by more than two decades) and communications technologies, were not available at any price at its beginning. However, the gulf between the world's rich and poor grew wider, and the majority of the global population remained in the poor side of the divide.

Question: By what percentage did the world's per-capita gross domestic product grow by during the 20th century?
Answer: a factor of five

Question: What has Modern medicine increased the average life expectancy by?
Answer: two decades

Question: What happened to the income gap between the rich and the poor?
Answer: the gulf between the world's rich and poor grew wider
Modern_history

Still, advancing technology and medicine has had a great impact even in the Global South. Large-scale industry and more centralized media made brutal dictatorships possible on an unprecedented scale in the middle of the century, leading to wars that were also unprecedented. However, the increased communications contributed to democratization. Technological developments included the development of airplanes and space exploration, nuclear technology, advancement in genetics, and the dawning of the Information Age.

Question: What did the media industry make possible in the middle of the century?
Answer: brutal dictatorships

Question: What did the brutal dictatorships caused by the media lead to?
Answer: wars

Question: What did increased communications lead contribute to?
Answer: democratization

Question: What time period did technological advances lead to?
Answer: the Information Age
Modern_history

The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad alliances to this end, including NATO. Several of these western countries also coordinated efforts regarding the rebuilding of western Europe, including western Germany, which the Soviets opposed. In other regions of the world, such as Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements, which the United States and many of its allies opposed and, in some cases, attempted to "roll back". Many countries were prompted to align themselves with the nations that would later form either NATO or the Warsaw Pact, though other movements would also emerge.

Question: what did the Soviet Union annex some of it's territory as?
Answer: Soviet Socialist Republics

Question: What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as?
Answer: the Warsaw Pact

Question: The United States and many Western countries began what policy to fight communism?
Answer: "containment"

Question: What did the soviets opposed rebuilding?
Answer: rebuilding of western Europe

Question: What actions of the Soviet Union did The United States oppose?
Answer: the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements,
Modern_history

The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.

Question: What types of periods did the cold war see?
Answer: heightened tension and relative calm.

Question: Through what time period did the Berlin Blockade  last?
Answer: 1948–1949

Question: Through what time period did the Korean War last?
Answer: 1950–1953)

Question: Through what time period did the Vietnam war last?
Answer: 1959–1975

Question: When did the Cuban Missile crisis happen?
Answer: 1962
Modern_history

The Cold War drew to a close in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The United States under President Ronald Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which was already suffering from severe economic stagnation. In the second half of the 1980s, newly appointed Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the perestroika and glasnost reforms. The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, leaving the United States as the dominant military power, though Russia retained much of the massive Soviet nuclear arsenal.

Question: During what time was the cold war close to happening?
Answer: 1980s and the early 1990s

Question: What did  the Reagan administration increase on the Soviet Union?
Answer: diplomatic, military, and economic pressure

Question: What was  the Soviet Union suffering from in the 1980's?
Answer: severe economic stagnation

Question: What did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce?
Answer: introduced the perestroika and glasnost reforms.

Question: In what year did the Soviet Union collapse?
Answer: 1991
Modern_history

In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United States intervention which led to a political polarization. Most South American countries were in some periods ruled by military dictatorships that were supported by the United States of America. In the 1970s, the regimes of the Southern Cone collaborated in Operation Condor killing many leftist dissidents, including some urban guerrillas. However, by the early 1990s all countries had restored their democracies.

Question: What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?
Answer: in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence

Question: Why did the Latin Americas Upper class support coup o'etats?
Answer: to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat.

Question: The regimes in the southern cone collaborated in killing of who?
Answer: leftist dissidents

Question: What did all countries restore in the 1990's 
Answer: their democracies.

Question: Where did the United States support dictatorships in the 1970"s?
Answer: South American countries
Modern_history

The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. The Space Age began with the development of several technologies that culminated with the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union. This was the world's first artificial satellite, orbiting the Earth in 98.1 minutes and weighing in at 83 kg. The launch of Sputnik 1 ushered a new era of political, scientific and technological achievements that became known as the Space Age. The Space Age was characterized by rapid development of new technology in a close race mostly between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Space Age brought the first human spaceflight during the Vostok programme and reached its peak with the Apollo program which captured the imagination of much of the world's population. The landing of Apollo 11 was an event watched by over 500 million people around the world and is widely recognized as one of the defining moments of the 20th century. Since then and with the end of the space race due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, public attention has largely moved to other areas.

Question: What is the space age?
Answer: a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events.

Question: Who launched  Sputnik 1?
Answer: the Soviet Union.

Question: How long does did it take for the Sputnik 1 to orbit the earth?
Answer: 98.1 minutes

Question: What did Sputnik 1 usher in?
Answer: The Space Age

Question: How many people watched the Apollo 11 landing?
Answer: 500 million
51st_state

The phrase "51st state" can be used in a positive sense, meaning that a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state. It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military influence or control. In various countries around the world, people who believe their local or national culture has become too Americanized sometimes use the term "51st state" in reference to their own countries.

Question: What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the perjorative "51st state" label?
Answer: excessive American cultural or military influence or control

Question: Sometimes, when a country refers to themselves as the 51st state, what has happened to their culture?
Answer: their local or national culture has become too Americanized

Question: What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "51st state" in a positive way?
Answer: a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state

Question: What is a positive connotation of the label "51st state"?
Answer: a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States

Question: What is a reason for one negative connotation of the term?
Answer: an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military influence or control

Question: If a country refers to themselves as the "51st state" after cultural changes, what can we assume has changed?
Answer: their local or national culture has become too Americanized

Question: What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the pejorative "American" label?

Question: Sometimes, when a city refers to themselves as the "51st state" what has happened to their culture?

Question: What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "American state" in a positive way?

Question: What is a positive connotation of the label "American state"?

Question: What is a reason for one negative connotation of "American state"?
51st_state

Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments. The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also obliged by Article IV, Section Four, to "guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government".

Question: What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline?
Answer: the relationship among the states

Question: Article IV, Section Three of th United States Constitution gives Congress the power to do what?
Answer: the power to admit new states to the union

Question: What does the states' requirement to give "full faith and credit" help recognize?
Answer: legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments

Question: What are all states guaranteed by the federal government?
Answer: military and civil defense

Question: What does Article 4, Section 4 guarantee?
Answer: guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government

Question: What part of the US Constitution outlines the relationship among the states?
Answer: Article IV, Section Three

Question: Article IV, Section Three allows Congress to do what?
Answer: admit new states to the union

Question: What does the concept of "full faith and credit" protect?
Answer: the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments

Question: What is guaranteed to the states by the federal government?
Answer: military and civil defense

Question: What does article V, Section three of the US Constitution outline?

Question: What does Article V, Section Three of the United States Constitution give Congress the power to do?

Question: What does the states' requirement to give "full government guarantee" help recognize?

Question: What are all states guaranteed by the republican form?

Question: What does Article V, Section 4 guarantee?
51st_state

Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.

Question: What country has been regarded as a potential new addition to the United States?
Answer: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States

Question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship?
Answer: 54%

Question: What percentage of voters supported statehood?
Answer: 61%

Question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results?
Answer: December 11, 2012

Question: What would be an ideal reaction from the United States, according to Puerto Rico?
Answer: end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state

Question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to the United States?
Answer: Puerto Rico

Question: What percentages of voters expressed unhappiness with the current political relationship between the U.S. and Puerto Rico?
Answer: 54%

Question: When did the legislature of Puerto Rico request that they be considered for statehood?
Answer: December 11, 2012

Question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current territorial relationship?

Question: What percentage of voters supported Congress?

Question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results?

Question: What would be an ideal reaction from voters, according to Peurto Rico?

Question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to Canada?
51st_state

Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College. As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself.

Question: How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress?
Answer: Since 1898

Question: Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?
Answer: a Resident Commissioner

Question: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?
Answer: The 110th Congress

Question: What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on?
Answer: on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation

Question: How long has Puerto Rico had Commissioner representation?

Question: Who represents the Democratic Party in Congress?

Question: Which Congress gave the democrats the power to vote?

Question: What are democrats not allowed to vote on?

Question: Who has elections on the Electoral College?
51st_state

Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, therefore contributing to the American Government. Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). However, federal employees, those who do business with the federal government, Puerto Rico–based corporations that intend to send funds to the U.S. and others do pay federal income taxes. Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military. Puerto Ricans have participated in all American wars since 1898; 52 Puerto Ricans had been killed in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan by November 2012.

Question: What types of taxes do Puerto Ricans pay?
Answer: U.S. federal taxes

Question: What makes up the federal taxes Puerto Rican citizens pay?
Answer: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes

Question: How else can they serve the U.S.?
Answer: Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military.

Question: How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?
Answer: 52

Question: What types of taxes does Afghanistan pay for?

Question: What makes up the federal taxes Afghanistan citizens pay?

Question: How else can Afghanistan serve the U.S.?

Question: How many Afghans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?

Question: What do most Afghanistan residents pay?
51st_state

Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century when it was ceded to the U.S. by Spain following the end of the Spanish–American War, and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917. The island's ultimate status has not been determined as of 2012[update], its residents do not have voting representation in their federal government. Puerto Rico has limited representation in the U.S. Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a delegate with limited no voting rights. Like the states, Puerto Rico has self-rule, a republican form of government organized pursuant to a constitution adopted by its people, and a bill of rights.

Question: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Puerto Rico?
Answer: Spanish–American War

Question: What country handed over Puerto Rico to the US?
Answer: Spain

Question: How long have Puerto Ricans been U.S. citizens?
Answer: since 1917

Question: What form of government do the Puerto Ricans have?
Answer: republican

Question: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Congress?

Question: What country handed over Congress to the US?

Question: How long has Congress been U.S. citizens?

Question: What form of government does Spain have?

Question: How long has Spain been under U.S. sovereignty?
51st_state

This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951. The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico's electorate, the U.S. Congress, and the U.S. president occurred in 1952. In addition, the rights, privileges and immunities attendant to United States citizens are "respected in Puerto Rico to the same extent as though Puerto Rico were a state of the union" through the express extension of the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the U.S. Constitution by the U.S. Congress in 1948.

Question: How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about?
Answer: the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution

Question: When was the Puerto Rican constitution written?
Answer: 1951

Question: When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, U.S. Congress, and U.S. President?
Answer: 1952

Question: What clause gives Puerto Rican citizens the same rights as US citizens?
Answer: Privileges and Immunities Clause

Question: How was the Puerto Rican Congress brought about?

Question: When was the Puerto Rican Congress established?

Question: When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, Puerto Rico Congress, and U.S. President?

Question: What clause gives Congress the same rights as Puerto Rican citizens?

Question: When were the express citizens created?