Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 8, moderated by Charles Gibson of ABC. Conducted in a town meeting format, less formal than the first presidential debate, this debate saw Bush and Kerry taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience. Bush attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."

Question: Where was the second debate for presidency held?
Answer: Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri

Question: Was the second debate held in a rigid, formalistic manner?
Answer: town meeting format, less formal

Question: Was there a specific topic as the main focus for the second debate?
Answer: taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience

Question: Who was the moderator of the second debate, held at the Washington University?
Answer: Charles Gibson

Question: How did Bush try to make light of himself after being made fun of for his demeanor during the first debate?
Answer: joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."

Question: When was Charles Gibson first hired at ABC?

Question: What style did Charles Gibson usually use when hosting a news broadcast?

Question: Who usually watches Charles Gibson when he is on ABC news?

Question: What kind of comments does Charles Gibson use when in a difficult interview?

Question: What was Charles Gibson's comment about Bush's answer to his first question?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13. 51 million viewers watched the debate which was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News. However, at the time of the ASU debate, there were 15.2 million viewers tuned in to watch the Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously. After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.

Question: How many debates were there in total, between Kerry and Bush?
Answer: third

Question: Where was the final debate, between Kerry and Bush held?
Answer: Arizona State University

Question: What was the next biggest competitor for television viewers, next to the debate?
Answer: Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously

Question: Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?
Answer: Vice President Cheney's daughter

Question: What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry's comments about his daughter?
Answer: "a pretty angry father"

Question: How many people in the US support gay rights?

Question: What was Bob Schieffer scolded by Cheney for using to further himself politically?

Question: When did Cheney's daughter come out as a lesbian?

Question: What college did Cheney's daughter graduate from?

Question: What did Bob Schieffer call himself when his children were featured in a CBS news story?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of "John Ewards"  [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president (John Edwards's name was spelled correctly on all ballots for vice president). This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).

Question: Who received a certified ballot from the Electoral College, despite his name being spelled incorrectly on the ballot?
Answer: John Edwards

Question: Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?
Answer: This was the first time in U.S. history

Question: Which candidate won the unanimous vote for vice presidency?
Answer: All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president

Question: What is different in comparison between the 1800 electoral system and the system in place in 2004?
Answer: under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president

Question: In the 1800 election, why did Thomas Jefferson get the second vote?
Answer: it violated Electoral College rules

Question: What did the Electoral College do when John Kerry's name was wrong on the ballot?

Question: How many states voted for John Edwards for president in the election?

Question: How many times had Aaron Burr run for office in the past?

Question: Who voted for John Edwards for president and had his vote discounted because it violated the rules?

Question: What state was Aaron Burr originally from?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.

Question: Why was there tension the day after the election?
Answer: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner

Question: Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?
Answer: provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000

Question: How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?
Answer: The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population

Question: Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?
Answer: the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio

Question: Who did Bush lose the popular vote to in the 2000 election for presidency?
Answer: Al Gore

Question: What lead did Kerry have initially?

Question: What was Ken Blackwell waiting for that hadn't been counted yet?

Question: What preliminary leads did Kerry have in four states?

Question: Which state became the most important for Al Gore to win the election?

Question: What did Al Gore announce was impossible for the Democrats to do to win in 2000?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of Representatives, the motion was supported by 31 Democrats. It was opposed by 178 Republicans, 88 Democrats and one independent. Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats. Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant. In the Senate, it was supported only by its maker, Senator Boxer, with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting. During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote. Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

Question: Was there any debate about the voting process in Ohio?
Answer: a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes

Question: What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?
Answer: During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote

Question: Who was the lone supporter of the motion, from the Senate?
Answer: Senator Boxer

Question: Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?
Answer: Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

Question: How many people from the House of Representatives did not vote?
Answer: Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats

Question: When was Boxer elected to office?

Question: Why did Republicans say they made the motion to contest Boxer?

Question: What did the four house officials who hadn't take office yet argue about the election?

Question: What happened before four senators took office in Ohio?

Question: What did the 31 Democrats in the House say they had not made the motion for?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Kerry would later state that "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters." In the same article, Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean said "I'm not confident that the election in Ohio was fairly decided... We know that there was substantial voter suppression, and the machines were not reliable. It should not be a surprise that the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections. That's what we suspect has happened."

Question: What did Kerry say affected the ability to know if the results of the Ohio vote was unbiased?
Answer: "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters."

Question: Which Democratic official supported Kerry's theory about the Ohio votes?
Answer: Howard Dean

Question: What was said about the devices used to collect the votes, in Ohio?
Answer: the machines were not reliable

Question: Who was targeted for defrauding the electoral process, in Ohio?
Answer: the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections

Question: What did Kerry think the state of voter machines was?

Question: Who did Kerry think was unethical in the election?

Question: What did the DNC say wasn't possible to know for certain?

Question: What kind of suppression was there in Ohio according to Kerry?

Question: What did the DNC say Kerry was guilty of in the election?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004. It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past. In September 2004 the OSCE issued a report on U.S. electoral processes and the election final report. The report reads: "The November 2, 2004 elections in the United States mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document. They were conducted in an environment that reflects a long-standing democratic tradition, including institutions governed by the rule of law, free and generally professional media, and a civil society intensively engaged in the election process. There was exceptional public interest in the two leading presidential candidates and the issues raised by their respective campaigns, as well as in the election process itself."

Question: Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?
Answer: the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004

Question: Was this the only occasion the OSCE was invited to preside over a presidential election?
Answer: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.

Question: What were the findings of the OSCE team?
Answer: mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document

Question: What type of values did the OSCE determine were adhered to during the election process?
Answer: long-standing democratic tradition

Question: What group was invited to the US by the public in 1990?

Question: Why did OSCE come to the US in 1990?

Question: Who did the OSCE send to the US in 1990?

Question: How many times had the OSCE been to the US before 1990?

Question: What was issued by the OSCE in 1990 on the election?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.)

Question: What finance act affected the 2004 election?
Answer: the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

Question: Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from?
Answer: its sponsors in the United States Senate

Question: How did the 527 groups come up with their title?
Answer: Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code

Question: What stipulation enabled the 527 groups to campaign for funds?
Answer: as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns

Question: What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election?
Answer: MoveOn.org

Question: What act was passed during the 2000 campaign?

Question: What reforms took place during the 2000 campaign?

Question: How many campaign finance groups were there in 2000?

Question: In what year did McCain run for President of the US?

Question: What group supported McCain in the 2000 election?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement. Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Advertisements produced by independent organizations usually included the statement, "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement", and from September 3 (60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name. Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

Question: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??
Answer: required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement

Question: What was disallowed in advertising during the two months prior to the general election?
Answer: 60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name

Question: Official advertisements generally contained what phrase?
Answer: "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message."

Question: Independent advertisements generally contained what phrase?
Answer: "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement"

Question: What was the tag line requirement before?
Answer: Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

Question: What were candidates required to identify when speaking at a supporters business?

Question: What did supporters have to refer to 60 days before an election?

Question: What does not mentioning candidates names before an election help the public differentiate between?

Question: What method was used to disclose candidate funding when a candidate gave a speech in the past?

Question: What were required to include who was involved in choosing a candidate for office?
United_States_presidential_election,_2004

A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

Question: What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes?
Answer: ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36

Question: What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen?
Answer: under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system

Question: Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?
Answer: Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district)

Question: Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea?
Answer: Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College

Question: Did Amendment 36 get passed?
Answer: the amendment ultimately failed

Question: What was the name of the amendment passed in Nebraska?

Question: What did Amendment 36 change in Nebraska?

Question: How was Amendment 36 described when it was on the ballot in Nebraska?

Question: Where would Nebraska's influence be diminished under the 36th Amendment?

Question: What percentage of the population in Nebraska didn't like the amendment?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.

Question: What is economic liberalism sometimes also referred to?
Answer: New Right

Question: Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself socialist or anti-socialist?
Answer: anti-socialist

Question: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?
Answer: Robert Menzies

Question: Who founded Australia's liberal party?
Answer: Robert Menzies

Question: What is communism also referred to?

Question: Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself liberal or anti-socialist?

Question: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving socialist?

Question: Who founded communism in Australia?

Question: What has Australia's middle class now support more of?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Throughout their history, the Liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom Menzies, in the era of the party's formation called "The forgotten people"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. In the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted Liberal.[citation needed] One effect of this was the success of a breakaway party, the Australian Democrats, founded in 1977 by former Liberal minister Don Chipp and members of minor liberal parties; other members of the left-leaning section of the middle-class became Labor supporters.[citation needed] On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats. In country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the Nationals, depending on various factors.

Question: Whom are referred to as "The forgoten people?"
Answer: the middle class

Question: In what year were the Australian Democrats founded?
Answer: 1977

Question: Which former liberal founded the Australian Democrats in 1977?
Answer: Don Chipp

Question: Whom are referred to as voters?

Question: In what year was the Liberal Party founded?

Question: Which former liberal founded the Liberal Party in 1977?

Question: Who are 16 of 20 of the middle class electorates held by?

Question: When did a left wing federal electorate emerge that no longer voted liberal?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the "National Party"), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the "New Right" – a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts.

Question: Did Mezies and Malcom Fraser raise, mainain, or lower tariff levels?
Answer: generally maintain

Question: Which group is currently known as the "National Party"?
Answer: the Country Party

Question: What is the "New Right"?
Answer: a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts

Question: Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?
Answer: publicly

Question: Did Mezies and Malcom Fraser raise, maintain, or lower market levels?

Question: Which group is currently known as the Australia party?

Question: Were tariffs publicly or privately owned in Menzie's economy?

Question: When did the Malcolm Fraser come to be influenced by the New Right?

Question: Where did Fraser preside over a fairly regulated economy?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by the second prime minister, Alfred Deakin, in response to Labor's growing electoral prominence. The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917. That party, in turn, merged with Labor dissidents to form the UAP in 1931.

Question: Which group was predecessor to the Liberals?
Answer: United Australia Party (UAP)

Question: From where did the ideology of the Liberals stem?
Answer: anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments

Question: What did the Commonwealth Liberal Party merge to form?
Answer: Nationalist Party of Australia

Question: In what year was the Nationalist Party of Australia formed?
Answer: 1917

Question: Which group was predecessor to the Free Trade Party?

Question: from where did the prominence of the Liberals stem?

Question: What did the UAP merge to form?

Question: In what year was the prime minister party formed?

Question: When did Billy Hughes fuse the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election.

Question: What economic event influenced the 1931 Election?
Answer: the Great Depression

Question: How many consecutive elections did the Lyons Government win?
Answer: three

Question: What event caused Robert Menzies to become Prime Minister?
Answer: Lyons' death in 1939

Question: What years did Robert Menzies serve as Prime Minister?
Answer: 1939 to 1941

Question: What economic event influenced the 1943 election?

Question: How many conservative elections did Robert Menzies win?

Question: What event caused Billy Hughes to become Prime Minister?

Question: What years did Billy Hughes serve as Prime Minister?

Question: What was used to bring the UAP out of the Depression?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Menzies called a conference of conservative parties and other groups opposed to the ruling Australian Labor Party, which met in Canberra on 13 October 1944 and again in Albury, New South Wales in December 1944. From 1942 onward Menzies had maintained his public profile with his series of "The Forgotten People" radio talks–similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" of the 1930s–in which he spoke of the middle class as the "backbone of Australia" but as nevertheless having been "taken for granted" by political parties.

Question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" radio talks compared to?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats"

Question: How did Roosevelt refer to the middle class?
Answer: "backbone of Australia"

Question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to the Australian Labor Party?
Answer: opposed

Question: Where was the second anti-Labor Party held in 1944?
Answer: Albury, New South Wales

Question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" political parties compared to?

Question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to Franklin D. Roosevelt?

Question: Where was the second fireside chat held in 1944?

Question: How did Roosevelt refer to political parties?

Question: From when did Roosevelt maintain his public profile with "The Forgotten People"?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

The formation of the party was formally announced at Sydney Town Hall on 31 August 1945. It took the name "Liberal" in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party. The new party was dominated by the remains of the old UAP; with few exceptions, the UAP party room became the Liberal party room. The Australian Women's National League, a powerful conservative women's organisation, also merged with the new party. A conservative youth group Menzies had set up, the Young Nationalists, was also merged into the new party. It became the nucleus of the Liberal Party's youth division, the Young Liberals. By September 1945 there were more than 90,000 members, many of whom had not previously been members of any political party.

Question: Where was the formation of the Liberal party officially announced?
Answer: Sydney Town Hall

Question: Where did the name "Liberal" come from?
Answer: in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party

Question: What was the name of the Liberal Party's youth division?
Answer: Young Liberals

Question: How many members were in the Young Liberals by Sept 1945?
Answer: more than 90,000

Question: Where was the formation of the UAP party officially announced?

Question: Where did the name "Young Nationalists" come from?

Question: What was the name of the Liberal Party's conservative division?

Question: How many members were in the UAP by Sept 1945?

Question: What was a powerful liberal women's organization?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966) and Menzies fulfilled his promises at the 1949 election to end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children, as well as for others. While himself an unashamed anglophile, Menzies' government concluded a number of major defence and trade treaties that set Australia on its post-war trajectory out of Britain's orbit; opened Australia to multi-ethnic immigration; and instigated important legal reforms regarding Aboriginal Australians.

Question: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1949 election?
Answer: a record 23 years

Question: What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election?
Answer: end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children

Question: During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth?
Answer: the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966)

Question: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1966 election?

Question: What promises did Menzies make in the 1966 election?

Question: During what period did Australia experience long-term legal reforms regarding children?

Question: Who was an ashamed anglophile?

Question: Who fulfilled his promised at the 1966 election?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Menzies came to power the year the Communist Party of Australia had led a coal strike to improve pit miners' working conditions. That same year Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China to power in China; a year later came the invasion of South Korea by Communist North Korea. Anti-communism was a key political issue of the 1950s and 1960s. Menzies was firmly anti-Communist; he committed troops to the Korean War and attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in an unsuccessful referendum during the course of that war. The Labor Party split over concerns about the influence of the Communist Party over the Trade Union movement, leading to the foundation of the breakaway Democratic Labor Party whose preferences supported the Liberal and Country parties.

Question: What was a key political topic in the 1950s and 1960s?
Answer: Anti-communism

Question: What actions showed Menzies' anti-Communist beliefs?
Answer: committed troops to the Korean War and attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in an unsuccessful referendum during the course of that war

Question: Over what did the Labor party divide?
Answer: concerns about the influence of the Communist Party over the Trade Union movement,

Question: What was a key political topic of the Democratic Labor Party?

Question: What actions showed Stalin anti-Communist beliefs?

Question: Over what did the Soviet Union divide?

Question: Who committed troops to the Communist War?

Question: Why did the Soviet Union lead a coal strike?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

In 1951, during the early stages of the Cold War, Menzies spoke of the possibility of a looming third world war. The Menzies Government entered Australia's first formal military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States in San Francisco in 1951. External Affairs Minister Percy Spender had put forward the proposal to work along similar lines to the NATO Alliance. The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes. In 1954 the Menzies Government signed the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO) as a South East Asian counterpart to NATO. That same year, Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov and his wife defected from the Soviet embassy in Canberra, revealing evidence of Russian spying activities; Menzies called a Royal Commission to investigate.

Question: Which treaty was Australia's first military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth?
Answer: ANZUS Treaty

Question: Which areas were involved in the ANZUS Treaty?
Answer: Australia, New Zealand and the United States

Question: Where was the signing of the ANZUS Treaty held in 1951?
Answer: San Francisco

Question: What does the acronym SEATO stand for?
Answer: South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty

Question: Which group is a counterpart to NATO?
Answer: the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO)

Question: Which treaty was Austrialia's first military alliance outside of NATO?

Question: Which areas were involved with the NATO Treaty?

Question: Where was the signing of the NATO Treaty held in 1951?

Question: What does the acronym did Percy Spender sign?

Question: Which group is a counterpart to External Affairs?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Menzies continued the expanded immigration program established under Chifley, and took important steps towards dismantling the White Australia Policy. In the early 1950s, external affairs minister Percy Spender helped to establish the Colombo Plan for providing economic aid to underdeveloped nations in Australia's region. Under that scheme many future Asian leaders studied in Australia. In 1958 the government replaced the Immigration Act's arbitrarily applied European language dictation test with an entry permit system, that reflected economic and skills criteria. In 1962, Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections (prior to this, indigenous people in Queensland, Western Australia and some in the Northern Territory had been excluded from voting unless they were ex-servicemen). In 1949 the Liberals appointed Dame Enid Lyons as the first woman to serve in an Australian Cabinet. Menzies remained a staunch supporter of links to the monarchy and British Commonwealth but formalised an alliance with the United States and concluded the Agreement on Commerce between Australia and Japan which was signed in July 1957 and launched post-war trade with Japan, beginning a growth of Australian exports of coal, iron ore and mineral resources that would steadily climb until Japan became Australia's largest trading partner.

Question: What did the Immigration Act's entry permit system include?
Answer: economic and skills criteria

Question: Which ruling allowed indigenous Australians the right to vote?
Answer: Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act

Question: Who was the first women to serve on the Australian Cabinet?
Answer: Dame Enid Lyons
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Australia by an American president, his friend Lyndon B. Johnson. Holt's government introduced the Migration Act 1966, which effectively dismantled the White Australia Policy and increased access to non-European migrants, including refugees fleeing the Vietnam War. Holt also called the 1967 Referendum which removed the discriminatory clause in the Australian Constitution which excluded Aboriginal Australians from being counted in the census – the referendum was one of the few to be overwhelmingly endorsed by the Australian electorate (over 90% voted 'yes'). By the end of 1967, the Liberals' initially popular support for the war in Vietnam was causing increasing public protest.

Question: Government under whom experienced the conversion to decimal currency?
Answer: Holt

Question: Which of Holt's stances received some public opposition?
Answer: commitment to the growing War in Vietnam

Question: Which Referendum allowed Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census?
Answer: 1967 Referendum

Question: What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?
Answer: 90%

Question: Government under whom experienced the conversion to the referendum?

Question: Which of Holt's stances received popular support?

Question: Which Referendum allowed Vietnam to be counted in the Census?

Question: What overwhelming percent of Aboriginal Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?

Question: What did the the Migration Act 1966 expand?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

The Gorton Government increased funding for the arts, setting up the Australian Council for the Arts, the Australian Film Development Corporation and the National Film and Television Training School. The Gorton Government passed legislation establishing equal pay for men and women and increased pensions, allowances and education scholarships, as well as providing free health care to 250,000 of the nation's poor (but not universal health care). Gorton's government kept Australia in the Vietnam War but stopped replacing troops at the end of 1970.

Question: Which government put an emphasis in supporting the arts?
Answer: The Gorton Government

Question: Which government established equal pay for men and women?
Answer: The Gorton Government

Question: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troups in Vietnam?
Answer: end of 1970

Question: Which government put an emphasis in supporting free film?

Question: Which government established equal school for men and women?

Question: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troops in Australia?

Question: Who increased funding for corporations?

Question: How many of the nations poor were provided education scholarships?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Gorton maintained good relations with the United States and Britain, but pursued closer ties with Asia. The Gorton government experienced a decline in voter support at the 1969 election. State Liberal leaders saw his policies as too Centralist, while other Liberals didn't like his personal behaviour. In 1971, Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, resigned and said Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". In a vote on the leadership the Liberal Party split 50/50, and although this was insufficient to remove him as the leader, Gorton decided this was also insufficient support for him, and he resigned.

Question: Which continent did Gorton wish to pursue closer ties with?
Answer: Asia

Question: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to be Prime Minister?
Answer: Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser

Question: Was Gorton impeached, voted out, or did he resign?
Answer: he resigned

Question: Which countries did Gorton maintain close relationships with?
Answer: United States and Britain

Question: Which continent did state Liberal leaders wish to pursue closer ties with?

Question: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to have voter support?

Question: Which countries did Fraser maintain close relationships with?

Question: When did the Fraser government experience a decline in voter support?

Question: Who saw Fraser's policies as too Centralist?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes.

Question: Who became the first indigenous Austrailian in Parliament?
Answer: Neville Bonner

Question: How long did Bonner serve as a Liberal Senator?
Answer: 12 years

Question: How was Bonner appointed his position?
Answer: chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971

Question: Who became the first indigienous liberal in Parliament?

Question: How long did Bonner serve as an independent?

Question: How was McMahon appointed his position?

Question: In what year did McMahon win an election?

Question: Where did McMahon give a boomerang throwing display?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. The deadlock came to an end when the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr on 11 November 1975 and Fraser was installed as caretaker Prime Minister, pending an election. Fraser won in a landslide at the resulting 1975 election.

Question: On what day did the 1975 constitutional crisis deadlock end?
Answer: 11 November 1975

Question: How did the gridlock between Whitlam and Fraser end?
Answer: the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr

Question: Who won the 1975 election by large margin?
Answer: Fraser

Question: After what did Kerr claim that Whitlam delayed passage of money bills?

Question: Who won the 1974 election by large margin?

Question: What did Kerr argue?

Question: When was Kerr installed as caretaker Prime Minister?

Question: When did Whitlam win the election?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Fraser maintained some of the social reforms of the Whitlam era, while seeking increased fiscal restraint. His government included the first Aboriginal federal parliamentarian, Neville Bonner, and in 1976, Parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976, which, while limited to the Northern Territory, affirmed "inalienable" freehold title to some traditional lands. Fraser established the multicultural broadcaster SBS, accepted Vietnamese refugees, opposed minority white rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia and opposed Soviet expansionism. A significant program of economic reform however was not pursued. By 1983, the Australian economy was suffering with the early 1980s recession and amidst the effects of a severe drought. Fraser had promoted "states' rights" and his government refused to use Commonwealth powers to stop the construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania in 1982. Liberal minister, Don Chipp split off from the party to form a new social liberal party, the Australian Democrats in 1977. Fraser won further substantial majorities at the 1977 and 1980 elections, before losing to the Bob Hawke led Australian Labor Party in the 1983 election.

Question: Which document allowed Indigenous peoples the right to some traditional lands?
Answer: Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976

Question: What environmental consequence affected the Australian economy by 1983?
Answer: a severe drought

Question: Which party did Don Chipp seperate to form in 1977?
Answer: Australian Democrats

Question: Who did Frazer eventually lose to in 1983?
Answer: Bob Hawke

Question: Which document allowed for Indigenous peoples the right to Tasmania?

Question: What environmental consequence affected the Australian economy by 1976?

Question: Which party did Neville Bonner separate to form in 1977?

Question: Who did Frazer eventually lose to in 1976?

Question: Who opposed Aboriginal rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia?
Liberal_Party_of_Australia

Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory). Howard's premiership coincided with Al Qaeda's 11 September attacks on the United States. The Howard Government invoked the ANZUS treaty in response to the attacks and supported America's campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Question: How was Howard different from Paul Keating?
Answer: he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag

Question: In what ways was Howard similar to Paul Keating?
Answer: pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax

Question: Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?
Answer: The Howard Government

Question: Under what agreement did the Australian government support the US?
Answer: the ANZUS treaty

Question: How was Howard different from ANZUS?

Question: In what ways was Howard similar to ANZUS?

Question: Which government supported the Australia's war with Afghanistan and Iraq?

Question: Under what agreement did ANZAC support the US?

Question: What did Keating's premiership coincide with?