Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Queen_(band)

Queen drew artistic influence from British rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s, such as the Beatles, the Kinks, Cream, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, the Who, Black Sabbath, Slade, Deep Purple, David Bowie, Genesis and Yes, in addition to American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, with Mercury also inspired by the gospel singer Aretha Franklin. May referred to the Beatles as being "our bible in the way they used the studio and they painted pictures and this wonderful instinctive use of harmonies." At their outset in the early 1970s, Queen's music has been characterised as "Led Zeppelin meets Yes" due to its combination of "acoustic/electric guitar extremes and fantasy-inspired multi-part song epics".

Question: Which guitarist inspired Queen?
Answer: Jimi Hendrix

Question: What gospel singer did Freddie Mercury cite as an inspiration?
Answer: Aretha Franklin

Question: Queen's sound has been described as a mix of Led Zeppelin and what other band?
Answer: Yes

Question: What nationality were the rock groups that influenced Queen?
Answer: British

Question: What band named after a floating vehicle influenced Queen?
Answer: Led Zeppelin
Queen_(band)

Queen composed music that drew inspiration from many different genres of music, often with a tongue-in-cheek attitude. The genres they have been associated with include progressive rock, symphonic rock, art rock, glam rock, hard rock, heavy metal, pop rock, and psychedelic rock. Queen also wrote songs that were inspired by diverse musical styles which are not typically associated with rock groups, such as opera, music hall, folk music, gospel, ragtime, and dance/disco. Several Queen songs were written with audience participation in mind, such as "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions". Similarly, "Radio Ga Ga" became a live favourite because it would have "crowds clapping like they were at a Nuremberg rally".

Question: Which Queen song inspired audience clapping?
Answer: Radio Ga Ga

Question: Which two Queen songs were written with audience participation in mind?
Answer: "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions"

Question: What kind of metal has Queen been associated with?
Answer: heavy metal

Question: What 70s style of pop music was Queen associated with?
Answer: dance/disco
Queen_(band)

In 1963, the teenage Brian May and his father custom-built his signature guitar Red Special, which was purposely designed to feedback. Sonic experimentation figured heavily in Queen's songs. A distinctive characteristic of Queen's music are the vocal harmonies which are usually composed of the voices of May, Mercury, and Taylor best heard on the studio albums A Night at the Opera and A Day at the Races. Some of the ground work for the development of this sound can be attributed to their former producer Roy Thomas Baker, and their engineer Mike Stone. Besides vocal harmonies, Queen were also known for multi-tracking voices to imitate the sound of a large choir through overdubs. For instance, according to Brian May, there are over 180 vocal overdubs in "Bohemian Rhapsody". The band's vocal structures have been compared with the Beach Boys, but May stated they were not "much of an influence".

Question: What was the name of Brian May's signature guitar?
Answer: Red Special

Question: What year was Brian May's signature guitar made?
Answer: 1963

Question: Which producer influenced Queen's feedback heavy sound?
Answer: Roy Thomas Baker

Question: What engineer helped with Queen's feedback heavy sound?
Answer: Mike Stone

Question: How many vocal overdubs are in Queen's Bohemian Rhapsody?
Answer: over 180
Queen_(band)

Queen have been recognised as having made significant contributions to such genres as hard rock, and heavy metal, among others. Hence, the band have been cited as an influence by many other musicians. Moreover, like their music, the bands and artists that have claimed to be influenced by Queen and have expressed admiration for them are diverse, spanning different generations, countries, and genres, including heavy metal: Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Dream Theater, Trivium, Megadeth, Anthrax, Slipknot and Rage Against the Machine; hard rock: Guns N' Roses, Def Leppard, Van Halen, Mötley Crüe, Steve Vai, the Cult, the Darkness, Manic Street Preachers, Kid Rockand Foo Fighters; alternative rock: Nirvana, Radiohead, Trent Reznor, Muse, Franz Ferdinand, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, Faith No More, Melvins, the Flaming Lips, Yeah Yeah Yeahs and The Smashing Pumpkins; pop rock: Meat Loaf, The Killers, My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy and Panic! At the Disco; and pop: Michael Jackson, George Michael, Robbie Williams, Adele, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry.

Question: Which King of Pop was influenced by Queen?
Answer: Michael Jackson

Question: Several groups from which type of metal were influenced by Queen?
Answer: heavy metal

Question: This band named after an animal was inspired by Queen?
Answer: Def Leppard

Question: This band with a flower in their name was influenced by Queen?
Answer: Guns N' Roses
Queen_(band)

In 2002, Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" was voted "the UK's favourite hit of all time" in a poll conducted by the Guinness World Records British Hit Singles Book. In 2004 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Many scholars consider the "Bohemian Rhapsody" music video ground-breaking, and credit it with popularising the medium. Rock historian Paul Fowles states the song is "widely credited as the first global hit single for which an accompanying video was central to the marketing strategy". It has been hailed as launching the MTV age. Acclaimed for their stadium rock, in 2005 an industry poll ranked Queen's performance at Live Aid in 1985 as the best live act in history. In 2007, they were also voted the greatest British band in history by BBC Radio 2 listeners.

Question: What song was voted the UK's favorite hit of all time in 2002?
Answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

Question: What Queen song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2004?
Answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

Question: Which Queen video was credited with launching the MTV video age?
Answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

Question: A 2005 poll stated that which band's performance at Live Aid was the best ever?
Answer: Queen
Queen_(band)

The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll.

Question: How many number one albums has Queen released?
Answer: eighteen

Question: How many number one singles did Queen release?
Answer: eighteen

Question: How many number one DVD's has Queen released?
Answer: ten

Question: How many albums has Queen sold worldwide?
Answer: over 150 million

Question: When was Queen inducted into the Hall of Fame?
Answer: 2001
Queen_(band)

Queen are one of the most bootlegged bands ever, according to Nick Weymouth, who manages the band's official website. A 2001 survey discovered the existence of 12,225 websites dedicated to Queen bootlegs, the highest number for any band. Bootleg recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran. In a project called Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs, many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust. Rolling Stone ranked Queen at number 52 on its list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", while ranking Mercury the 18th greatest singer, and May the twenty-sixth greatest guitarist. Queen were named 13th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list, and in 2010 were ranked 17th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list. In 2012, Gigwise readers named Queen the best band of past 60 years.

Question: How many Queen bootleg sites were discovered in 2001?
Answer: 12,225

Question: Where did Queen rank on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2001?
Answer: number 52

Question: In 2010 VH1 ranked Queen at what number on their Greatest Artist of All Time List?
Answer: 17th

Question: What country is a popular site for Queen bootlegs because it is outlawed?
Answer: Iran
Queen_(band)

The original London production was scheduled to close on Saturday, 7 October 2006, at the Dominion Theatre, but due to public demand, the show ran until May 2014. We Will Rock You has become the longest running musical ever to run at this prime London theatre, overtaking the previous record holder, the Grease musical. Brian May stated in 2008 that they were considering writing a sequel to the musical. The musical toured around the UK in 2009, playing at Manchester Palace Theatre, Sunderland Empire, Birmingham Hippodrome, Bristol Hippodrome, and Edinburgh Playhouse.

Question: When was Queen's London production scheduled to end in 2006?
Answer: Saturday, 7 October

Question: Where was Queen's 2006 London production held?
Answer: Dominion Theatre

Question: When did Queen's 2006 London production actually end?
Answer: May 2014

Question: What is the longest running show at the Dominion Theatre?
Answer: We Will Rock You

Question: What is the second longest show at the Dominion Theatre?
Answer: Grease
Queen_(band)

Under the supervision of May and Taylor, numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen's lengthy audio and video catalogue. DVD releases of their 1986 Wembley concert (titled Live at Wembley Stadium), 1982 Milton Keynes concert (Queen on Fire – Live at the Bowl), and two Greatest Video Hits (Volumes 1 and 2, spanning the 1970s and 1980s) have seen the band's music remixed into 5.1 and DTS surround sound. So far, only two of the band's albums, A Night at the Opera and The Game, have been fully remixed into high-resolution multichannel surround on DVD-Audio. A Night at the Opera was re-released with some revised 5.1 mixes and accompanying videos in 2005 for the 30th anniversary of the album's original release (CD+DVD-Video set). In 2007, a Blu-ray edition of Queen's previously released concerts, Queen Rock Montreal & Live Aid, was released, marking their first project in 1080p HD.

Question: Queen's Live at Wembley Stadium DVD covered what year?
Answer: 1986

Question: Queen on Fire included this 1982 concert?
Answer: Milton Keynes

Question: When was Queen's A Night at the Opera re-released?
Answer: 2005

Question: When was the first Queen Bluray released?
Answer: 2007

Question: Which band members were involved in the restoration of Queen's prior projects?
Answer: May and Taylor
Queen_(band)

Queen contributed music directly to the films Flash Gordon (1980), with "Flash" as the theme song, and Highlander (the original 1986 film), with "A Kind of Magic", "One Year of Love", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", and the theme "Princes of the Universe", which was also used as the theme of the Highlander TV series (1992–1998). In the United States, "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne's World. The single subsequently reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 (with "The Show Must Go On" as the first track on the single) and helped rekindle the band's popularity in North America.

Question: Which 1980 movie contained song contributions from Queen?
Answer: Flash Gordon

Question: Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song?
Answer: Highlander

Question: In what year was Bohemian Rhapsody re-released in the US?
Answer: 1992

Question: How high did the 1992 Bohemian Rhapsody chart?
Answer: two
Queen_(band)

Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of "Somebody to Love" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of "The Show Must Go On" was performed by Jim Broadbent and Nicole Kidman in the film musical Moulin Rouge!. The 2001 film A Knight's Tale has a version of "We Are the Champions" performed by Robbie Williams and Queen; the film also features "We Will Rock You" played by the medieval audience.

Question: ho sang a version of Queen's Somebody to Love in 2004's Ella Enchanted?
Answer: Anne Hathaway

Question: Which actress recorded a Queen song for 2006's Happy Feet?
Answer: Brittany Murphy

Question: Which movie featured a cover of Queen's The Show Must Go On?
Answer: Moulin Rouge!

Question: Which film had Robbie Williams performing a cover of Queen's We Are the Champions?
Answer: A Knight's Tale
Queen_(band)

On 11 April 2006, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the American singing contest television show American Idol. Each contestant was required to sing a Queen song during that week of the competition. Songs which appeared on the show included "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "The Show Must Go On", "Who Wants to Live Forever", and "Innuendo". Brian May later criticised the show for editing specific scenes, one of which made the group's time with contestant Ace Young look negative, despite it being the opposite. Taylor and May again appeared on the American Idol season 8 finale in May 2009, performing "We Are the Champions" with finalists Adam Lambert and Kris Allen. On 15 November 2009, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the singing contest television show X Factor in the UK.

Question: On what date in 2006 did May and Taylor of Queen appear on American Idol?
Answer: 11 April

Question: What month and year was the season  finale of American Idol?
Answer: May 2009

Question: Who were the season 8 finalists on American Idol?
Answer: Adam Lambert and Kris Allen

Question: On what date did Queen's May and Taylor appear on UK X-factor?
Answer: 15 November 2009
Queen_(band)

In the autumn of 2009, Glee featured the fictional high school's show choir singing "Somebody to Love" as their second act performance in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". The performance was included on the show's Volume 1 soundtrack CD. In June 2010, the choir performed "Another One Bites the Dust" in the episode "Funk". The following week's episode, "Journey to Regionals", features a rival choir performing "Bohemian Rhapsody" in its entirety. The song was featured on the episode's EP. In May 2012, the choir performed "We Are the Champions" in the episode "Nationals", and the song features in The Graduation Album.

Question: Which Queen song was featured in the autumn of 2009 on Glee
Answer: Somebody to Love

Question: What Queen song did the Glee choir perform in June 2010?
Answer: Another One Bites the Dust

Question: What Queen song was performed on a May 2012 episode of Glee?
Answer: We Are the Champions

Question: What Queen song is featured on Glee's The Graduation Album?
Answer: We Are the Champions
Queen_(band)

In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to "creative differences" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert.

Question: Who was originally chosen to play Freddie Mercury in the movie bearing his name?
Answer: Sacha Baron Cohen

Question: Who was the replacement to play Freddie Mercury in the film of the same name?
Answer: Ben Whishaw

Question: Who is writing the Freddie Mercury film?
Answer: Peter Morgan

Question: Which actor is producing the Freddie Mercury film?
Answer: Robert De Niro

Question: In what year did Queen perform at Live Aid?
Answer: 1985
Presbyterianism

Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word "Presbyterian," when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly).

Question: Where can you trace back the origins of Presbyterianism back to?
Answer: British Isles

Question: What does the Presbyterian church typically emphasize?
Answer: sovereignty of God

Question: Which act created the kingdom of Great Britain?
Answer: Great Britain

Question: Presbyterianism is part of the unreformed tradition within what category of religion?

Question: To which Isles can the Civil War be traced?

Question: Which theology emphasizes the sovereignty of God but denies the authority of the scriptures?

Question: In 1807 The Acts of Union ensured which church government?

Question: In 1807 The Acts of Union ensured the Presbyterian church government in which country?
Presbyterianism

The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon "Plan of Union of 1801" for frontier areas.

Question: Where do most presbyterian churches trace their history back to?
Answer: Scotland

Question: When did the reformation during the roots of Presbyterianism take place?
Answer: 16th century

Question: Which group did Presbyterian churches union with?
Answer: Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists

Question: Where do the roots of the European Reformation lie?

Question: Which Reformation took place during the 17th century?

Question: Most churches tracing back to which country are either Presbyterian or Methodist in government?

Question: Where do Presbyterians in Scotland mostly come from?

Question: When did the Yankee communities change to Congregational  communities due to what plan?
Presbyterianism

Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland and brought his teachings back to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.

Question: What other religion has history as being part of Presbyterian?
Answer: Christianity

Question: Which frenchman greatly influenced Presbyterianism?
Answer: John Calvin

Question: In what year did the parliament of Scotland adopt the Scots Confession?
Answer: 1560

Question: Which book was touted for establishing regulations for church and government?
Answer: First Book of Discipline

Question: Christianity is part of the history of which religion?

Question: During which 17th century reformation did the beginning of Presbyterianism occur?

Question: Other than Geneva, which countries can the Presbyterian church be traced back to?

Question: Which Englishman had a major influence in Presbyterianism?

Question: In which year did the Parliament of England adopt the Scots Confession?
Presbyterianism

Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization (or "church order") and worship; often using a "Book of Order" to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism. Many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Some of the splits have been due to doctrinal controversy, while some have been caused by disagreement concerning the degree to which those ordained to church office should be required to agree with the Westminster Confession of Faith, which historically serves as an important confessional document – second only to the Bible, yet directing particularities in the standardization and translation of the Bible – in Presbyterian churches.

Question: What term described the method used to regulate common practice and or order?
Answer: Book of Order

Question: Which document is an important confessional document second only to the Bible?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: What other name is used when referring to the origins of the Presbyterian Church?
Answer: Calvinism

Question: What is another term for institutional doctrine?

Question: Which book to Muslims use to regulate common practice and order?

Question: Where are the origins of Faith in?

Question: Which document is even more important than the Bible, serving as an important confessional document?

Question: Some combinations have been due to what type of controversy?
Presbyterianism

Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning. Continuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine are embodied in several statements of faith and catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church, often referred to as "subordinate standards". It is generally considered that the point of such learning is to enable one to put one's faith into practice; some Presbyterians generally exhibit their faith in action as well as words, by generosity, hospitality, as well as proclaiming the gospel of Christ.

Question: What do Presbyterians put importance into?
Answer: education and lifelong learning

Question: What do their studies consist of?
Answer: scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine

Question: How do Presbyterians exhibit their faith?
Answer: by generosity, hospitality, as well as proclaiming the gospel of Christ.

Question: Other than subordinate standards, what else do Presbyterians consider important?

Question: What do Presbyterians refuse to study?

Question: The point of what is to enable one to put education into practice?

Question: How do Presbyterians show their theological writings?
Presbyterianism

Presbyterian government is by councils (known as courts) of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, and mission of the local congregation. Teaching elders (pastors) have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors are called by individual congregations. A congregation issues a call for the pastor's service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery.

Question: What is the Presbyterian government known as?
Answer: councils (known as courts) of elders

Question: What are the responsibilities of the elder pastors?
Answer: teaching, worship, and performing sacraments

Question: When the congregation issues a call for service by a pastor, who has to ratify it?
Answer: local presbytery

Question: Councils of pastors govern in what religion?

Question: Who calls ruling elders?

Question: Who is ordained and convened in the highest council?

Question: Group congregations call who?

Question: The call for the elders service must be ratified by which entity?
Presbyterianism

Ruling elders are usually laymen (and laywomen in some denominations) who are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the teaching elders, assuming responsibility for nurture and leadership of the congregation. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry to the needy in the congregation to a distinct group of officers (sometimes called deacons, which are ordained in some denominations). This group may variously be known as a "Deacon Board", "Board of Deacons" "Diaconate", or "Deacons' Court". These are sometimes known as "presbyters" to the full congregation.

Question: Who elects the ruling elders?
Answer: the congregation

Question: In very large congregations, what do the elders delegate?
Answer: practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry

Question: There's a group of officers in the congregation, what other names are they also known by?
Answer: deacons

Question: The congregation consists of laymen elected by who?

Question: Ruling elders are elected by laymen and ordained to do what?

Question: Especially in small congregations, elders are known to delegate what?

Question: What is one way a distinct group of laymen is referred to?

Question: Teaching elders are ordained to serve with who?
Presbyterianism

Above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. This congregation / presbytery / synod / general assembly schema is based on the historical structure of the larger Presbyterian churches, such as the Church of Scotland or the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.); some bodies, such as the Presbyterian Church in America and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, skip one of the steps between congregation and General Assembly, and usually the step skipped is the Synod. The Church of Scotland has now abolished the Synod.[citation needed]

Question: Which group from the Presbyterian church in rank is above sessions?
Answer: presbyteries

Question: What responsibilities so Presbyterians have?
Answer: area responsibilities

Question: What are the area of responsibilities made up of?
Answer: teaching elders and ruling elders

Question: In the American and Ireland Presbyterian church, which step is generally skipped?
Answer: Synod

Question: Which step was recently abolished by Scotland?
Answer: Synod

Question: What exists above the presbyteries?

Question: The sessions are composed of which types of elders?

Question: What has the Church of America abolished?

Question: Besides the Church of General Assembly, what others skip the Synod?

Question: Which assembly does the Church of Scotland send the elders to?
Presbyterianism

Presbyterianism is historically a confessional tradition. This has two implications. The obvious one is that confessional churches express their faith in the form of "confessions of faith," which have some level of authoritative status. However this is based on a more subtle point: In confessional churches, theology is not solely an individual matter. While individuals are encouraged to understand Scripture, and may challenge the current institutional understanding, theology is carried out by the community as a whole. It is this community understanding of theology that is expressed in confessions.

Question: Presbyterianism is based on this type of tradition, what is it?
Answer: confessional tradition

Question: Confessional churches express this form of confession, what is it named?
Answer: confessions of faith

Question: What is not a sole matter individually in a confessional church?
Answer: theology

Question: How is theology carried out in a confessional church?
Answer: by the community as a whole

Question: In which way do nonconfessional churches express their faith?

Question: Which is solely an individual matter in confessional churches?

Question: In which type of churches is theology carried out by individuals?

Question: The individual understanding of theology is expressed during what?

Question: The fact that Presbyterianism is historically a theology has how many implications?
Presbyterianism

Some Presbyterian traditions adopt only the Westminster Confession of Faith as the doctrinal standard to which teaching elders are required to subscribe, in contrast to the Larger and Shorter catechisms, which are approved for use in instruction. Many Presbyterian denominations, especially in North America, have adopted all of the Westminster Standards as their standard of doctrine which is subordinate to the Bible. These documents are Calvinistic in their doctrinal orientation. The Presbyterian Church in Canada retains the Westminster Confession of Faith in its original form, while admitting the historical period in which it was written should be understood when it is read.

Question: What traditions do some Presbyterian churches only adopt as their doctrinal standard?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: Many Presbyterian churches in America have adopted this doctrine as their standard, what is it?
Answer: Westminster Standards

Question: The Presbyterian church in Canada has retains which Doctrine in its original form?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: Which confession does the Presbyterian Church in America retain?

Question: What should be understood when reading the Westminster Standards?

Question: South American Presbyterian denominations have adopted what type of standards?

Question: The Bible is subordinate to which doctrine in Presbyterianism?

Question: What are ruling elders required to subscribe?
Presbyterianism

The Westminster Confession is "The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland" but "with due regard to liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith" (V). This formulation represents many years of struggle over the extent to which the confession reflects the Word of God and the struggle of conscience of those who came to believe it did not fully do so (e.g. William Robertson Smith). Some Presbyterian Churches, such as the Free Church of Scotland, have no such "conscience clause".

Question: To the church of Scotland, what is the sub standard doctrine?
Answer: The Westminster Confession

Question: Who was one person who did not fully believe the struggle of conscience?
Answer: William Robertson Smith

Question: The Free Church in Scotland  has something in place that only a few churches have implemented, what is it called?
Answer: conscience clause

Question: What is the subordinate standard doctrine to the Word of God?

Question: Who believed fully in the Word of God?

Question: Which is an example of a church that has such a conscience clause?

Question: Which is the principal standard of the Church of Faith?
Presbyterianism

The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has adopted the Book of Confessions, which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards. These other documents include ancient creedal statements (the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed), 16th-century Reformed confessions (the Scots Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, the Second Helvetic Confession), and 20th century documents (The Theological Declaration of Barmen, Confession of 1967 and A Brief Statement of Faith).

Question: Which book has the Presbyterian church of America adopted?
Answer: Book of Confessions

Question: The Book of Confessions reflects the inclusion of another confession, what is it called?
Answer: Westminster Standards

Question: Which statements did these other documents include from the Westminster Standards?
Answer: the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed

Question: I what year was the The Theological Declaration of Barmen document created?
Answer: 1967

Question: Which book has the Theological Declaration of Barmen adopted?

Question: Which book has the Heidelberg Catechism adopted?

Question: Which book has the Apostles' Creed adopted?

Question: Which book has the Nicene Creed adopted?

Question: Which book has the Second Helvetic Confession adopted?
Presbyterianism

Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere.

Question: The Presbyterian denominations from the British Isles were inspired by these principles in what document?
Answer: Directory of Public Worship

Question: When was the Directory of Public Worship developed?
Answer: 1640s

Question: Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law?
Answer: Scottish Parliament

Question: Which denomination's heritage can be traced to Westminster Assembly?

Question: Which denomination's heritage can be traced to John Calvin?

Question: Which denomination's heritage can be traced to John Knox?

Question: Which Directory was enacted into law by John Calvin?

Question: Which Directory was enacted into law by Westminster Assembly?
Presbyterianism

Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed "Presbyterian" worship style. Although there are set services for the "Lord's Day", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days.

Question: What did many Presbyterian churches introduce as a result of modifying prescriptions? 
Answer: hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments

Question: What is favored by most American Presbyterian churches that is semi-formal service for the "lords Day"?
Answer: hymns, preaching, and congregational participation

Question: What do reformed Presbyterians practice?
Answer: cappella exclusive psalmody

Question: How did Holy Week churches modify the prescriptions?

Question: Most Lord's Day churches observe which holidays?

Question: What do many Lutheran churches incorporate into communion services?

Question: What type of lectionary do Anglicanism churches follow?

Question: Although Presbyterians do not observe holy seasons they do observe which holidays?
Presbyterianism

Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past.

Question: Among the emerging Protestant and Evangelical churches what are clergy moving away from?
Answer: black Geneva gown

Question: A Cassock and Surplice typically consisted of?
Answer: full length Old English style surplice

Question: Which movement was representative of the ecumenical past?
Answer: Liturgical Renewal Movement

Question: Clergy are moving away from the alb and toward what?

Question: Clergy are trending towards the black Geneva gown and away from what?

Question: What is typically full lengthy and Old Geneva in style?

Question: What were some Celtics involved in?
Presbyterianism

Early Presbyterians were careful to distinguish between the "church," which referred the members, and the "meeting house," which was the building in which the church met. Until the late 19th century, very few Presbyterians ever referred to their buildings as "churches." Presbyterians believed that meeting-houses (now called churches) are buildings to support the worship of God. The decor in some instances was austere so as not to detract from worship. Early Presbyterian meeting-houses were extremely plain. No stained glass, no elaborate furnishings, and no images were to be found in the meeting-house. The pulpit, often raised so as only to be accessible by a staircase, was the centerpiece of the building.

Question: Presbyterians had to distinguished between "Church" and "Meeting house" What was "Church" referring too?
Answer: the members

Question: What did "Meeting house" refer to?
Answer: building

Question: What were churches called before the 19th century?
Answer: meeting house

Question: Early churches were extremely plain, what did most churches not have in them?
Answer: No stained glass, no elaborate furnishings, and no images

Question: What was the building where the images met called?

Question: What did Presbyterians call their churches during the early 19th century?

Question: What did Presbyterians call buildings that were served to worship elaborate furnishings?

Question: What was only inaccessible from the staircase?

Question: What was the centerpiece of the Presbyterian?
Presbyterianism

Usually a Presbyterian church will not have statues of saints, nor the ornate altar more typical of a Roman Catholic church. Instead, one will find a "communion table," usually on the same level as the congregation. There may be a rail between the communion table and the "Chancel" behind it, which may contain a more decorative altar-type table, choir loft, or choir stalls, lectern and clergy area. The altar is called the communion table and the altar area is called the Chancel by Presbyterians. In a Presbyterian (Reformed Church) there may be an altar cross, either on the communion table or on a table in the chancel. By using the "empty" cross, or cross of the resurrection, Presbyterians emphasize the resurrection and that Christ is not continually dying, but died once and is alive for all eternity. Some Presbyterian church buildings are often decorated with a cross that has a circle around the center, or Celtic cross. This not only emphasized the resurrection, but also acknowledges historical aspects of Presbyterianism. A baptismal font will be located either at the entrance or near the chancel area. Presbyterian architecture generally makes significant use of symbolism. You may also find decorative and ornate stained glass windows depicting scenes from the bible. Some Presbyterian churches will also have ornate statues of Christ or Graven Scenes from the Last Supper located behind the Chancel. St. Giles Cathedral ( Church Of Scotland- The Mother Church of Presbyterians) does have a Crucifix next to one of the Pulpits that hangs alongside. The image of Christ is more of faint image and more modern design.

Question: What did Presbyterian churches have in them?
Answer: communion table

Question: What is the alter called in the Presbyterian church?
Answer: communion table

Question: What is the alter area refered to as in the Presbyterian church?
Answer: Chancel

Question: What is a decorated cross called in a Presbyterian church?
Answer: Celtic cross

Question: What did the Celtic Cross represent?
Answer: the resurrection

Question: What do Presbyterian churches usually have statues of?

Question: What type of altar does the Presbyterian church usually have?

Question: What is located on a different level than the congregation in a Presbyterian church?

Question: In a Presbyterian church there may be a rail located between the choir and what?

Question: The altar area is called the communion table and the altar is called what?
Presbyterianism

John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.

Question: What year did John Knox past away?
Answer: 1572

Question: What did John Knox do when he returned to Scotland after studying under Calvin?
Answer: to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines

Question: The church of Scotland was organized by this person, whats his name?
Answer: Andrew Melville

Question: In what year was the Government of church reinstated? 
Answer: 1660

Question: John Knox was born in 1637 and died when?

Question: John Knox died in 1505 and was born in what year?

Question: Calvin spent time studying under who in Geneva?

Question: Who was the successor of Charles I and William Laud?

Question: Who was the Archbishop of Scotland?
Presbyterianism

However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland.

Question: In what year was the Church of Scotland recognized as a Presbyterian institution by the moncarh?
Answer: 1688

Question: Which group was formed when ministries seceded from The Church of Scotland in 1733?
Answer: Associate Presbytery

Question: What year were most Presbyterians in Scotland reunited?
Answer: 1929

Question: Which two groups were involved in the reuniting of Scotland's Presbyterian churches?
Answer: Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland

Question: Which revolution took place during 1707?

Question: During which year was the England Revolution?

Question: Which Acts was signed in 1733?

Question: The Acts of Church was signed in which year?

Question: Which group formed in 1707 after ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland?