Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Anthropology

Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more "complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena. The turn towards complex societies meant that political themes were taken up at two main levels. First of all, anthropologists continued to study political organization and political phenomena that lay outside the state-regulated sphere (as in patron-client relations or tribal political organization). Second of all, anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions (and of course on the relationship between formal and informal political institutions). An anthropology of the state developed, and it is a most thriving field today. Geertz' comparative work on "Negara", the Balinese state is an early, famous example.

Question: What type of anthropology is interested in the structure of political systems?
Answer: Political

Question: From what basis do political anthropologists examine the structure of political systems?
Answer: structure of societies

Question: When did the new development of a stateless society come about?
Answer: the 1960s

Question: The presence of states, bureaucracies and markets makes for what type of social setting?
Answer: "complex"

Question: Who did a comparative work on a Balinese state?
Answer: Geertz

Question: What field of anthropology concerns the stucture of governments?

Question: Political anthropology was primarily concerned with the politics of strong what?

Question: Political anthropology turned from complex socities to what?

Question: When did the study of stateless societies begin?
Anthropology

Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.

Question: What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group?
Answer: Cyborg

Question: When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?
Answer: 1993

Question: What the sub-group of cyborg anthropology very closely related to, in addition to STS?
Answer: the Society for the Social Studies of Science

Question: Who published a Cyborg Manifesto?
Answer: Donna Haraway

Question: What does cyborg anthropology study about humankind and technological systems humans have built?
Answer: its relations

Question: What type of anthropology began in Europe in 1993?

Question: When did the study of cyborg technology begin?

Question: What did Harway write in 1993?
Anthropology

Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of the ethnographies and cultural fieldworks of today, is political ecology. Many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. The focus and data interpretation is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy, and to prevent corporate exploitation and damage of land. Often, the observer has become an active part of the struggle either directly (organizing, participation) or indirectly (articles, documentaries, books, ethnographies). Such is the case with environmental justice advocate Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park.

Question: Which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment?
Answer: Environmental

Question: What is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today?
Answer: political ecology

Question: What do many characterize the new perspective as being more informed with?
Answer: culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more.

Question: The data interpretation of environmental anthropology can be used to prevent what type of exploitation?
Answer: corporate

Question: Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with?
Answer: people of Hyde Park

Question: What field examines the environment and its affect of life?

Question: What was the first focus of field work in environmental anthropology?

Question: What does the observer never become part of?
Anthropology

Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names.

Question: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?
Answer: by examining historical records

Question: Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?
Answer: ethnic

Question: What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?
Answer: its foundation

Question: What do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of?
Answer: documents and manuscripts

Question: Who recognizes the utility of music, folkore and language?
Answer: Practitioners

Question: What is the study of modern customs?

Question: What extinct groups does ethno history study?

Question: What does ethnohistory form the foundation for?
Anthropology

Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of "specialists in 'other cultures'" closer to their homes. There are two principle approaches in urban anthropology: by examining the types of cities or examining the social issues within the cities. These two methods are overlapping and dependent of each other. By defining different types of cities, one would use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities. By directly looking at the different social issues, one would also be studying how they affect the dynamic of the city.

Question: What division of anthropology is concerned with poverty?
Answer: Urban

Question: Who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s?
Answer: Ulf Hannerz

Question: What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists? 
Answer: notoriously agoraphobic

Question: How many principles approaches are there in urban anthropology?
Answer: two

Question: One would be studying how the dynamic of a city is affected if one were looking directly at different what?
Answer: social issues

Question: What is the study of modern cities?

Question: Who was often quated in the 1960's?

Question: What is a new steryotpe of anthropologists?
Anthropology

Anthrozoology (also known as "human–animal studies") is the study of interaction between living things. It is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology. A major focus of anthrozoologic research is the quantifying of the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party and the study of their interactions. It includes scholars from a diverse range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy.[n 7]

Question: What is Anthrozoology also known as?
Answer: human–animal studies

Question: What is the study of interaction between living things?
Answer: Anthrozoology

Question: What does the field of anthrozoology overlap with?
Answer: number of other disciplines

Question: What type of effects are a major focus of the anthrozoologic research?
Answer: positive

Question: What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from?
Answer: anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy

Question: What is the study of animals?

Question: What focuses on the positive affect of animals on humans?

Question: What fields developed from Anthrozoology?
Anthropology

Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically dangerous. The AAA's current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility' clearly states that "in relation with their own government and with host governments ... no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given."

Question: What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of?
Answer: the state

Question: What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give?
Answer: secret

Question: What has the ASA identified as being ethically dangerous?
Answer: certain scholarship

Question: Who penned a "Statement of Professional Responsibility"?
Answer: The AAA

Question: Secret research and reports are things which should never be what?
Answer: given

Question: Who often emphasises the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state?

Question: What permits antropologists to give secret briefings?

Question: What does the AAA's current Statment of Professional Responsibility no longer say?

Question: What has the ASA identified as being ethical?
Anthropology

Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in addition, HTS teams are working with the US military in Iraq. In 2009, the American Anthropological Association's Commission on the Engagement of Anthropology with the US Security and Intelligence Communities released its final report concluding, in part, that, "When ethnographic investigation is determined by military missions, not subject to external review, where data collection occurs in the context of war, integrated into the goals of counterinsurgency, and in a potentially coercive environment – all characteristic factors of the HTS concept and its application – it can no longer be considered a legitimate professional exercise of anthropology. In summary, while we stress that constructive engagement between anthropology and the military is possible, CEAUSSIC suggests that the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers and that it further recognize the problem of allowing HTS to define the meaning of "anthropology" within DoD."

Question: Who are anthropologists working with along with other social scientists? 
Answer: the US military

Question: What are the anthropologists part of?
Answer: US Army's strategy in Afghanistan

Question: What efforts focus on better understanding and meeting of local needs in Afghanistan?
Answer: Counterinsurgency

Question: Where are HTS teams working with the military in addition to Afghanistan?
Answer: Iraq

Question: What does the AAA feel is incompatible with working with the military?
Answer: ethics

Question: Who is working with the UN militalry in Afghanistan??

Question: what focuses better focuses on meeting national needs in Afghanistan?

Question: Where are HTS teams considering working beside Afghanistan?

Question: What does the AA believe ethics are compatible with?
Anthropology

Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists "into the field," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called "fieldwork." On the biological or physical side, human measurements, genetic samples, nutritional data may be gathered and published as articles or monographs.

Question: What type of anthropologist is interested in human variation?
Answer: Biological

Question: What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered?
Answer: human universals

Question: Where can participant observation take an anthropologist?
Answer: into the field

Question: To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?
Answer: a community in its own setting

Question: Articles can published once what type of samples have been taken?
Answer: genetic

Question: Who are interested in human variations and similarities to other organisms?

Question: What are ideas shared by the dominite culture?

Question: What kind of observations are made in and artificial environment?

Question: What kind of work do anthropologists do with communities in a lab setting?
Anthropology

Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeology.[citation needed] Further cultural subdivisions according to tool types, such as Olduwan or Mousterian or Levalloisian help archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past.[citation needed] Anthropologists and geographers share approaches to Culture regions as well, since mapping cultures is central to both sciences. By making comparisons across cultural traditions (time-based) and cultural regions (space-based), anthropologists have developed various kinds of comparative method, a central part of their science.

Question: How do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world?
Answer: relevant time periods and geographic regions

Question: How has human time on Earth been divided up?
Answer: cultural traditions based on material

Question: Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what?
Answer: tool

Question: Mapping cultures is central to both the sciences of anthropologists and who else?
Answer: geographers

Question: What is a central part of the science of anthropology?
Answer: comparative method

Question: Who divides the world y theoretical emphasis?

Question: Who likes to divide their projects into relevent time periods and geographic regions?

Question: What helps anthropologists understand major trends in human culture?

Question: What is divided into relevant cultural traditions based on art?
Anthropology

Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.

Question: What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of?
Answer: "other cultures

Question: A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect?
Answer: time

Question: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant?
Answer: non-European/non-Western societies

Question: Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"?
Answer: Ulf Hannerz

Question: When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"?
Answer: only in late 1960s

Question: What do some authors argue developed as the study of western culture in terms of time and space?

Question: When did anthropologist specializing in other culture start searching in the "Third World"?
Anthropology

Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the daily life of ordinary people; increasingly, research is set in settings such as scientific laboratories, social movements, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses.

Question: What has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s?
Answer: set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region

Question: Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what?
Answer: research to a single locale

Question: What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond?
Answer: daily life of ordinary people

Question: What setting have anthropologists done more research in recently?
Answer: scientific laboratories

Question: Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in?
Answer: research

Question: Where has ethnographic research become less common since the 1980's?

Question: What often limits research to a certain local?

Question: Who has norrowed the focus to the daily life of ordinary people?

Question: What settings is reasearch increasinly moving away from?
Montana

Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.

Question: What is the states rank in size?
Answer: 4th

Question: What is its rank in popularion?
Answer: 44th

Question: How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains?
Answer: 77

Question: Where does the state's name come from?
Answer: from the Spanish word montaña
Montana

However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's Senate seats for the GOP. The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control. The state Senate is, as of 2015, controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, and the State House of Representatives at 59 to 41.

Question: How many seats do Democrats hold in the state US Senate's seats?
Answer: one

Question: How long has the single congressional district been Republican?
Answer: 1996

Question: What is the split in the state Senate controller by the Republicans?
Answer: 29 to 21

Question: What is the split in the State House of Representatives?
Answer: 59 to 41.
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters":  listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north.

Question: What does Punjab mean?
Answer: five waters

Question: How many provinces does Pakistan have?
Answer: four

Question: How large is Punjab?
Answer: 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles)

Question: What is Punjab's population?
Answer: 91.379.615

Question: What is Punjab's biggest city?
Answer: Lahore

Question: What is the population of Lahore?

Question: What is the largest city in India?

Question: What is the area of Pakistan?

Question: What does Pakistan mean?

Question: How many provinces does India have?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar Plateau in the north. Agriculture is the chief source of income and employment in Punjab; wheat and cotton are the principal crops. Since independence, Punjab has become the seat of political and economic power; it remains the most industrialised province of Pakistan. It counts for 39.2% of large scale manufacturing and 70% of small scale manufacturing in the country. Its capital Lahore is a major regional cultural, historical, and economic centre.

Question: What plain is Punjab in?
Answer: the alluvial plain of the Indus River

Question: What are the Indus River's tributaries?
Answer: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers

Question: How much of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?
Answer: 39.2%

Question: How much of Pakistan's small-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?
Answer: 70%

Question: What crops does Punjab grow?
Answer: wheat and cotton

Question: How many mountain regions does Punjab have?

Question: Where is the alluvial plain located?

Question: Which tributary is located in the north?

Question: What is Pakistan's main export?

Question: What percentage of the large scale manufacturing takes place in Lahore?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the north.

Question: How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces?
Answer: second largest

Question: What is Pakistan's largest province?
Answer: Balochistan

Question: How many square miles is Punjab?
Answer: 79,284

Question: What Indian states are on the east side of Punjab, Pakistan?
Answer: Punjab and Rajasthan

Question: What Pakistani province is south of Punjab?
Answer: Sindh

Question: What is Balochistan's land area?

Question: What borders Balochistan to the northeast?

Question: What is east of Balochistan?

Question: What is west of Islamabad?

Question: Where does Islamabad rank in terms of province size in Pakistan?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakistani Punjab. From west to east, these are: the Indus, Jhelum, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Nearly 60% of Pakistan's population lives in the Punjab. It is the nation's only province that touches every other province; it also surrounds the federal enclave of the national capital city at Islamabad. In the acronym P-A-K-I-S-T-A-N, the P is for Punjab.

Question: Which province in Pakistan borders the other 3 provinces?
Answer: Punjab

Question: What is Pakistan's capital?
Answer: Islamabad

Question: How many rivers are in Punjab, Pakistan?
Answer: five

Question: What is the easternmost river in Punjab?
Answer: Sutlej

Question: How much of Pakistan's population lives in Punjab?
Answer: Nearly 60%

Question: What is Faisalabad the capital of?

Question: How many rivers are in Multan?

Question: What percentage of the Pakistan population resides in Sargodha?

Question: What does the P in the acronym Punjab represent?

Question: What does the S in Pakistan stand for?
Punjab,_Pakistan

There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant. The Chief Secretary in turn reports to the Chief Minister. In addition to these departments, there are several Autonomous Bodies and Attached Departments that report directly to either the Secretaries or the Chief Secretary.

Question: How many departments does the Punjab administration have?
Answer: 48

Question: Who heads each government department?
Answer: a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary

Question: Who do the Provincial Ministers report to?
Answer: the Chief Minister

Question: Who do the Provincial Secretaries report to?
Answer: the Chief Secretary of Punjab

Question: What rank is the Chief Secretary?
Answer: usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant

Question: What is the civil servant designation for the Chief Minister?

Question: Who does the Chief Minister report to?

Question: What is the number of attached departments that report to secretaries?

Question: What is the rank of a Provincial Minister?

Question: What does the Chief Minister send to the Chief Secretary?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic civilisation flourished along the length of the Indus River. This civilisation shaped subsequent cultures in South Asia and Afghanistan. Although the archaeological site at Harappa was partially damaged in 1857 when engineers constructing the Lahore-Multan railroad used brick from the Harappa ruins for track ballast, an abundance of artefacts have nevertheless been found. Punjab was part of the great ancient empires including the Gandhara Mahajanapadas, Achaemenids, Macedonians, Mauryas, Kushans, Guptas, and Hindu Shahi. It also comprised the Gujar empire for a period of time, otherwise known as the Gurjara-Pratihara empire. Agriculture flourished and trading cities (such as Multan and Lahore) grew in wealth.

Question: What was Punjab formerly known as?
Answer: Panchanada

Question: What ancient civilization lived in Punjab?
Answer: the Indus Valley Civilization

Question: When was Punjab part of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer: more than 4000 years ago

Question: What was the major Indus city in Punjab?
Answer: Harrapa

Question: What were bricks taken from Harrapa for the construction of?
Answer: the Lahore-Multan railroad

Question: What was Panchanada once called?

Question: When was Panchanada renamed Punjab?

Question: When was the archaeological site at Harappa discovered?

Question: When did Punjab comprise the Gujar empire?

Question: What was the major export of the Kushans?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest university in the world,[citation needed] Takshashila University. One of the teachers was the great Vedic thinker and politician Chanakya. Taxila was a great centre of learning and intellectual discussion during the Maurya Empire. It is a UN World Heritage site, valued for its archaeological and religious history.

Question: Who has invaded Punjab?
Answer: Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans

Question: Who founded Taxila?
Answer: son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram

Question: What is said to be the world's oldest university?
Answer: Takshashila University

Question: What empire was Taxila a center of learning of?
Answer: the Maurya Empire

Question: Who was Chanakya?
Answer: great Vedic thinker and politician

Question: Who has Punjab invaded?

Question: What did Ram found?

Question: Who founded Takshashila University?

Question: What was the centre of learning in the Greek Empire?

Question: Who was the brother of Taksh?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully informed of the magnificence of the country and its riches in gold, gems and pearls. However, Alexander had to encounter and reduce the tribes on the border of Punjab before entering the luxuriant plains. Having taken a northeasterly direction, he marched against the Aspii (mountaineers), who offered vigorous resistance, but were subdued.[citation needed] Alexander then marched through Ghazni, blockaded Magassa, and then marched to Ora and Bazira. Turning to the northeast, Alexander marched to Pucela, the capital of the district now known as Pakhli. He entered Western Punjab, where the ancient city of Nysa (at the site of modern-day Mong) was situated. A coalition was formed against Alexander by the Cathians, the people of Multan, who were very skilful in war. Alexander invested many troops, eventually killing seventeen thousand Cathians in this battle, and the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot) was razed to the ground. Alexander left Punjab in 326 B.C. and took his army to the heartlands of his empire.[citation needed]

Question: Where did Alexander the Great conquer in 10 days?
Answer: Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan

Question: What wealth did Alexander hope to find?
Answer: riches in gold, gems and pearls

Question: From which direction did Alexander enter Punjab?
Answer: northeasterly

Question: Who were the Aspii?
Answer: mountaineers

Question: Who were the Cathians?
Answer: the people of Multan

Question: What empires did South Asia invade?

Question: How long did it take Alexander to cross the Hindu Kush?

Question: What did Genghis Khan steal from South Asia?

Question: How many Aspii were killed in battle?

Question: When did Alexander attack Punjab?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab.[citation needed] Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others.[citation needed] In the 11th century, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni, the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital[citation needed] of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

Question: What religion did Punjab become?
Answer: Muslim

Question: What did missionary Muslims build in Punjab?
Answer: dargahs

Question: Who led the Umayyad army?
Answer: Muhammad bin Qasim

Question: Where did the Umayyads conquer?
Answer: Sindh and Southern Punjab

Question: Who did the Umayyads defeat?
Answer: Raja Dahir
Punjab,_Pakistan

In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the most part. In Punjab and Kashmir, the Marathas were now major players. The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 1761, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded the Maratha territory of Punjab and captured remnants of the Maratha Empire in Punjab and Kashmir regions and re-consolidated control over them.

Question: Who was Raghunath Rao?
Answer: the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire

Question: Who did Rao conquer in 1758?
Answer: Lahore and Attock

Question: When was the Third Battle of Panipat?
Answer: 1761

Question: Who ruled most of the eastern part of Peshawar?
Answer: Maratha

Question: Who captured part of the Maratha Empire in 1761?
Answer: Ahmad Shah Abdali

Question: When did Timur conquer Lahore?

Question: Who was the son of Timur Shah Durrani?

Question: When was the Second Battle of Panipat?

Question: What did Ahmad Shah Abdali invade in 1758?

Question: Who captured Multan in 1761?
Punjab,_Pakistan

In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control of Punjab and managed to establish the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, which lasted from 1799 to 1849. The capital of Ranjit Singh's empire was Lahore, and the empire also extended into Afghanistan and Kashmir. Bhangi Misl was the fist Sikh band to conquer Lahore and other towns of Punjab. Syed Ahmad Barelvi a Muslim, waged jihad and attempted to create an Islamic state with strict enforcement of Islamic law. Syed Ahmad Barelvi in 1821 with many supporters and spent two years organising popular and material support for his Punjab campaign. He carefully developed a network of people through the length and breadth of India to collect funds and encourage volunteers, travelling widely throughout India attracting a following among pious Muslims. In December 1826 Sayyid Ahmad and his followers clashed with Sikh troops at Akora Khattak, but with no decisive result. In a major battle near the town of Balakot in 1831, Sayyid Ahmad and Shah Ismail Shaheed with volunteer Muslims were defeated by the professional Sikh Army.

Question: When did Sikhism begin?
Answer: mid-fifteenth century

Question: In which empire did many Hindus become Sikhs?
Answer: Mughal empire

Question: When did Ahmad fight at Akora Khattak?
Answer: December 1826

Question: When did Ahmad fight at Balakot?
Answer: 1831

Question: Who won at Balakot?
Answer: the professional Sikh Army

Question: When did the Mughal empire begin?

Question: Who led the Sikhs in the late eighteenth century?

Question: How long did the Afghan Empire last?

Question: What Muslim conquered Punjab?

Question: How many years did the fight between Muslim and Sikh troops last?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British official being resident in Lahore and the annexation in 1849 of territory south of the Satluj to British India. After the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, the Sikh Empire became the last territory to be merged into British India. In Jhelum 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[citation needed]

Question: When did Ranjit Singh die?
Answer: summer of 1839

Question: What did Ranjit Singh's death cause?
Answer: political chaos

Question: When was part of Punjab annexed into British India?
Answer: 1849

Question: When was the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer: 1849

Question: What was the last territory added to British India?
Answer: the Sikh Empire

Question: When was Maharaja Ranjit Singh born?

Question: When did the first Anglo-Sikh War end?

Question: What was the name of the British official stationed in Lahore?

Question: What was the name of the territory annexed in 1849?

Question: How many of the local resistance were killed in the 1857 rebellion?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which began in earnest in 2004, has helped pacify the situation. Trade and people-to-people contacts through the Wagah border are now starting to become common. Indian Sikh pilgrims visit holy sites such as Nankana Sahib.

Question: When did India and Pakistan fight in Punjab?
Answer: 1965 and 1971

Question: What is Kahuta an important location for?
Answer: Pakistan's nuclear program

Question: Where does Punjab have major military bases?
Answer: Sargodha and Rawalpindi

Question: When did India and Pakistan begin serious peace talks?
Answer: 2004

Question: Who visits Nankana Sahib?
Answer: Sikh pilgrims

Question: When did Punjab fight against India?

Question: When was Sargodha built?

Question: Where is Nankana Sahib?

Question: When did trade between people become common?

Question: What is the name of India's nuclear program?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.

Question: When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?
Answer: by May

Question: When did Punjab's weather pattern become unpredictable?
Answer: since the early 1970s

Question: How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?
Answer: 51 °C

Question: What was the record heat spike in Multan?
Answer: 54 °C

Question: When was the record heat spike in Multan?
Answer: June 1993

Question: When did the first monsoon appear in Punjab?

Question: What is the temperature in May?

Question: What is the highest temperature recorded during a barsat?

Question: The onset of what appears in October?

Question: Official estimates rarely go under what?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population. The language is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes, clans (Urdu: برادری‎) and communities. In Pakistani Punjab these tribes have more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications. Punjabi dialects spoken in the province include Majhi (Standard), Saraiki and Hindko. Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District.

Question: What is Punjab's major language?
Answer: Punjabi

Question: How is Punjabi written?
Answer: in a Shahmukhi script

Question: What is the largest ethnic group in Pakistan?
Answer: Punjabis

Question: What minimum percent of each Punjab district speaks Punjabi natively?
Answer: 89%

Question: Where is Saraiki usually spoken?
Answer: south Punjab

Question: What language has official recognition in Punjab?

Question: Punjabi is the mother-tongue of less than what percentage of the population?

Question: Urdu is the major language for what province?

Question: What is the standard form of Urdu?

Question: What is primarily divided by social stratifications?
Punjab,_Pakistan

The Government of Punjab is a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan, is based in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province. The Chief Minister of Punjab (CM) is elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to serve as the head of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan. The current Chief Minister is Shahbaz Sharif, who became the Chief Minister of Punjab as being restored after Governor's rule starting from 25 February 2009 to 30 March 2009. Thereafter got re-elected as a result of 11 May 2013 elections. The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan. The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims.

Question: Who elects the Chief Minister?
Answer: the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab

Question: In what year did Sharif become CM?
Answer: 2009

Question: When was Sharif re-elected CM?
Answer: 11 May 2013

Question: What kind of legislature is the Provincial Assembly?
Answer: unicameral

Question: How many seats are in the Provincial Assembly?
Answer: 371

Question: Who elects members of the Provincial Assembly?

Question: When was the Provincial Assembly elected?

Question: What election removed Sharif from office?

Question: How many seats are reserved for Muslims?

Question: What article established the Chief Minister?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging from 52.1% to 64.5% in the Service Sector and 56.1% to 61.5% in the agriculture sector. It is also major manpower contributor because it has largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan. It is also dominant in the manufacturing sector, though the dominance is not as huge, with historical contributions raging from a low of 44% to a high of 52.6%. In 2007, Punjab achieved a growth rate of 7.8% and during the period 2002–03 to 2007–08, its economy grew at a rate of between 7% to 8% per year. and during 2008–09 grew at 6% against the total GDP growth of Pakistan at 4%.

Question: How much has Punjab's economy grown since 1972?
Answer: quadrupled

Question: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000?
Answer: 54.7%

Question: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2010?
Answer: 59%

Question: What manpower does Punjab provide?
Answer: largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan

Question: How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09?
Answer: 6%

Question: How has Pakistan's economy changed since 1972?

Question: What percentage of Pakistan's economy is agriculture?

Question: What has the smallest economy in Pakistan?

Question: What percentage of the manufacturing sector did Punjab account for in 2007?

Question: What was the total GDP growth of Pakistan in 2002-03?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Despite the lack of a coastline, Punjab is the most industrialised province of Pakistan; its manufacturing industries produce textiles, sports goods, heavy machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, vehicles, auto parts, metals, sugar mill plants, aircraft, cement, agricultural machinery, bicycles and rickshaws, floor coverings, and processed foods. In 2003, the province manufactured 90% of the paper and paper boards, 71% of the fertilizers, 69% of the sugar and 40% of the cement of Pakistan.

Question: What geographic feature does Punjab not have?
Answer: coastline

Question: What medical product does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: surgical instruments

Question: What transportation products does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: bicycles and rickshaws

Question: How much of Pakistan's paper products does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: 90%

Question: How much of Pakistan's sugar does Punjab manufacture?
Answer: 69%

Question: Which province has an extended coastline?

Question: What percentage of textiles does Punjab export?

Question: What percentage of Pakistan's sugar mill plants are located in Punjab?

Question: What type of machinery does Punjab not produce?

Question: What percentage of agricultural machinery does Punjab manufacture?
Punjab,_Pakistan

Despite its tropical wet and dry climate, extensive irrigation makes it a rich agricultural region. Its canal-irrigation system established by the British is the largest in the world. Wheat and cotton are the largest crops. Other crops include rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo. Livestock and poultry production are also important. Despite past animosities, the rural masses in Punjab's farms continue to use the Hindu calendar for planting and harvesting.

Question: What kind of climate does Punjab have?
Answer: tropical wet and dry

Question: Who built Punjab's irrigation system?
Answer: the British

Question: What are Punjab's largest crops?
Answer: Wheat and cotton

Question: What are Punjab's secondary crops?
Answer: rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo

Question: What calendar do Punjab's farmers use?
Answer: the Hindu calendar

Question: What calendar do Punjab farms no longer use?

Question: Who did Punjab create an irrigation system for?

Question: Punjab has the largest crop of what in the world?

Question: What is the name of one of their vegetables?

Question: What aspects of Punjab's climate make it perfect for agriculture?