Divyanshu67/squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Iran

The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros region, at sites such as Warwasi and Yafteh Cave.[page needed] Around 10th to 8th millennium BC, early agricultural communities such as Chogha Golan and Chogha Bonut began to flourish in Iran, as well as Susa and Chogha Mish developing in and around the Zagros region.[page needed]

Question: How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran?
Answer: the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC

Question: What region of Iran did Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic Period were found?
Answer: the Zagros region

Question: When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper?
Answer: 10th to 8th millennium BC

Question: What were dug up from the archaeological sites Kashafrud and Ganj Par in Iran?
Answer: The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran
Iran

From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the Cimmerians, and together they attacked the Assyrian Empire. The civil war ravaged the Assyrian Empire between 616 BC and 605 BC, thus freeing their respective peoples from three centuries of Assyrian rule. The unification of the Median tribes under a single ruler in 728 BC led to the foundation of the Median Empire which, by 612 BC, controlled the whole Iran and the eastern Anatolia. This marked the end of the Kingdom of Urartu as well, which was subsequently conquered and dissolved.

Question: Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC?
Answer: the Assyrian Empire

Question: Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians?
Answer: king Cyaxares

Question: When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule?
Answer: between 616 BC and 605 BC

Question: How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran?
Answer: three centuries

Question: When did the Median tribes unify under a single ruler to form the Median Empire?
Answer: 728 BC
Iran

The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing.

Question: What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked?
Answer: the Islamic Golden Age

Question: When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith?
Answer: by the 10th and 11th centuries

Question: Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: Iran

Question: Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing?
Answer: scientific writing
Iran

Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian.

Question: Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256?
Answer: Hulagu Khan

Question: Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?
Answer: 1370

Question: How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran?
Answer: 156 years

Question: How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387?
Answer: 70,000 citizens

Question: The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran?
Answer: a culture that was distinctively Iranian
Iran

In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, reestablishing the Iranian hegemony all over the Caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.

Question: In what year were the Pashtuns defeated and driven out of Iran?
Answer: 1729

Question: Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729?
Answer: Nader Shah

Question: Where was Nader Shan from?
Answer: Khorasan

Question: Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire?
Answer: the Sassanid Empire

Question: Nader Shah took back what territories that were annexed by the Ottomans and the Russians?
Answer: Caucasian territories
Iran

Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region. The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial gains for the neighboring Russian Empire.

Question: Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran?
Answer: Karim Khan

Question: Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794?
Answer: Aqa Mohammad Khan

Question: The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi?
Answer: Battle of Krtsanisi

Question: The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region?
Answer: the entire Caucasus

Question: Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s?
Answer: Russo-Persian wars
Iran

As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the north of the river Aras, among which the contemporary Republic of Azerbaijan, eastern Georgia, Dagestan, and Armenia, were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century.

Question: What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians?
Answer: the 19th century Russo-Persian wars

Question: What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians?
Answer: the Caucasus

Question: The Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Iran and Russia confirmed what?
Answer: Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region

Question: What century did Iran lose the Caucasus to Russia?
Answer: the 19th century
Iran

The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupied much of Western Iran, and fully withdrew in 1921. The Persian Campaign commenced furthermore during World War I in Northwestern Iran after an Ottoman invasion, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. As a result of Ottoman hostilities across the border, a large amount of the Assyrians of Iran were massacred by the Ottoman armies, notably in and around Urmia. Apart from the rule of Aqa Mohammad Khan, the Qajar rule is characterized as a century of misrule.

Question: The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year?
Answer: until 1911

Question: Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement?
Answer: Mohammad Ali Shah

Question: In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext?
Answer: restoring order

Question: The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year?
Answer: 1921

Question: Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1?
Answer: Ottoman armies
Iran

On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords.

Question: When was the US Embassy in Iran seized?
Answer: November 4, 1979

Question: Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979?
Answer: a group of students

Question: How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure?
Answer: 52 personnel and citizens

Question: Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? 
Answer: Ronald Reagan

Question: ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty?
Answer: Algiers Accords
Iran

On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the decision to invade Iraq and conducted countless offensives in a bid to conquer Iraqi territory and capture cities, such as Basra. The war continued until 1988, when the Iraqi army defeated the Iranian forces inside Iraq and pushed the remaining Iranian troops back across the border. Subsequently, Khomeini accepted a truce mediated by the UN. The total Iranian casualties in the war were estimated to be 123,220–160,000 KIA, 60,711 MIA, and 11,000–16,000 civilians killed.

Question: Who invaded Iran in 1980?
Answer: the Iraqi army

Question: When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? 
Answer: mid 1982

Question: When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end?
Answer: 1988

Question: Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War?
Answer: the UN

Question: How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War?
Answer: 11,000–16,000
Iran

Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km or 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south.

Question: What is the size of Iran?
Answer: 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi)

Question: What latitudes does Iran lie between?
Answer: 24° and 40° N

Question: What longitudes does Iran lie between?
Answer: 44° and 64° E

Question: Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman?
Answer: to the south

Question: What does Iran border with to its north?
Answer: the Caspian Sea
Iran

To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).

Question: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?
Answer: below zero

Question: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer?  
Answer: 38 °C (100.4 °F)

Question: The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?
Answer: less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain

Question: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?
Answer: 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)
Iran

At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.

Question: How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered?
Answer: 74 species

Question: The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment?
Answer: Ministry of Industries and Mines

Question: The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects?
Answer: large national development projects

Question: The Iranian Parliament passes legislation without the involvement of what department to the detriment of wildlife?
Answer: Department of Environment
Iran

In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone. In 2010, the economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards free market prices in a 5-year period and increase productivity and social justice.

Question: By 2007, Iran's crude oil exports resulted in how much of its foreign exchange currency?
Answer: $70 billion

Question: What is a main cause of Iran's constant budget deficits?
Answer: large-scale state subsidies

Question: In 2008, how much was Iran's state subsidy in its energy sector?
Answer: more than $84 billion

Question: What year did Iran pass an economic reform plan that would replace subsidies with targeted social assistance programs?
Answer: 2010

Question: How much of Iran's budget came from oil and natural gas reserves in 2006?
Answer: about 45%
Iran

The administration continues to follow the market reform plans of the previous one and indicated that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceuticals industry. However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years. Currently, the government is trying to privatize these industries, and, despite successes, there are still several problems to be overcome, such as the lagging corruption in the public sector and lack of competitiveness. In 2010, Iran was ranked 69, out of 139 nations, in the Global Competitiveness Report.

Question: What is a main goal of Iran's market reform plans?
Answer: diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy

Question: What Iranian nationalized industry has been noncompetitive and managed badly? 
Answer: the bonyads

Question: What, along with a lack of competition, has held back Iran's nationalized industries?
Answer: lagging corruption in the public sector

Question: The Global COmpetitiveness Report in 2010 ranked Iran where out of 139 countries?
Answer: ranked 69
Iran

Iranian scientists outside Iran have also made some major contributions to science. In 1960, Ali Javan co-invented the first gas laser, and fuzzy set theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh. Iranian cardiologist, Tofy Mussivand invented and developed the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart. Furthering research and treatment of diabetes, HbA1c was discovered by Samuel Rahbar. Iranian physics is especially strong in string theory, with many papers being published in Iran. Iranian-American string theorist Kamran Vafa proposed the Vafa-Witten theorem together with Edward Witten. In August 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first-ever woman, as well as the first-ever Iranian, to receive the Fields Medal, the highest prize in mathematics.

Question: Which Iranian scientist co-invented the first gas laser?
Answer: Ali Javan

Question: When did Ali Javan, an Iranian scientist, co-invent the first gas laser?
Answer: 1960

Question: Which Iranian cardiologist developed and invented the first artificial cardiac pump?
Answer: Tofy Mussivand

Question: Which Iranian scientist discovered HbA1c to further treatment and research of diabetes?
Answer: Samuel Rahbar

Question: In 2014, Maryam Mirzakhani became the first women ever and first Iranian to win what prestigious mathematics award? 
Answer: the Fields Medal
Iran

Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East. According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the following agricultural products in the world in 2012: apricots, cherries, sour cherries, cucumbers and gherkins, dates, eggplants, figs, pistachios, quinces, walnuts, and watermelons.

Question: What melon is Iran a Top 5 producer in the world in 2012?
Answer: watermelons

Question: How many agricultural products in 2012 was Iran a top 5 producer in the world? Answer: 12
Answer: apricots, cherries, sour cherries, cucumbers and gherkins, dates, eggplants, figs, pistachios, quinces, walnuts, and watermelons.

Question: What type of materials is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?
Answer: construction materials

Question: What type of appliances is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?
Answer: home appliances

Question: What type of chemicals is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?
Answer: petrochemicals
British_Isles

The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km2, and a combined population of just under 70 million. Two sovereign states are located on the islands: Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of the island with the same name) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Isles also include three Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, although the latter are not physically a part of the archipelago.

Question: What is two islands that are part of the British Isles?
Answer: Great Britain, Ireland

Question: Where are the British Isles located?
Answer: North Atlantic,

Question: How many people live in the British Isles?
Answer: just under 70 million

Question: What is one of the three Crown Dependencies of the British Isles?
Answer: Isle of Man

Question: Where are the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey located?
Answer: in the Channel Islands

Question: What are the only teo islands belonging to the British Isles

Question: What countries border the ATlantic Ocean?

Question: Which Island has just under 70 million people?

Question: What group of Islands has just over 70 million people?

Question: What archipelago are the Bailicick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey part of?

Question: The British Isles are a group of islands located off the southwestern coast of which continent?

Question: The British Isles consist of over 9,000 small islands, Great Britain and which other country?

Question: With a total population of just over 75 million, what is the total area of the islands?

Question: The Channel Islands are a group of islands located off the northwestern coast of which continent?

Question: The Bailiwick of Jersey has a total area of 31,5,159 km squared and a total population of how many?
British_Isles

The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global standards. Ben Nevis rises to an elevation of only 1,344 metres (4,409 ft), and Lough Neagh, which is notably larger than other lakes on the isles, covers 390 square kilometres (151 sq mi). The climate is temperate marine, with mild winters and warm summers. The North Atlantic Drift brings significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the latitude. This led to a landscape which was long dominated by temperate rainforest, although human activity has since cleared the vast majority of forest cover. The region was re-inhabited after the last glacial period of Quaternary glaciation, by 12,000 BC when Great Britain was still a peninsula of the European continent. Ireland, which became an island by 12,000 BC, was not inhabited until after 8000 BC. Great Britain became an island by 5600 BC.

Question: What is the age of the oldest rocks in the north western part of Scotland?
Answer: 2,700 million years old

Question: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?
Answer: 1,344 metres (4,409 ft

Question: What type of climate does this area have?
Answer: temperate marine

Question: Around 12,000 BC, Great Britain was still a peninsula on what continent?
Answer: European continent.

Question: When is it believed that Ireland became inhabited?
Answer: after 8000 BC

Question: what is the age of the oldest rocks in Europe?

Question: How far below sea level is Ben Nevis?

Question: What is the largest lake in Europe?

Question: What continent is Great Britian a peninsula of?

Question: What Island was inhabited in 12,000 B.C.

Question: The oldest rocks are 1,500 years old and located where?

Question: Located in the North Atlantic, how old are the oldest rocks?

Question: By 4600 BC, Great Britain was established as what?

Question: Lough Neagh reaches an elevation of 390 metres and Ben Nevis covers how many square miles?

Question: Ireland became an old reock in 12,000 BC but wasn't inhabited until when?
British_Isles

Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland.

Question: Which is one of the tribes that spoke Insular Celtic?
Answer: Pictish (northern Britain)

Question: When did the Pictish tribe start to inhabit the islands?
Answer: beginning of the 1st millennium AD

Question: Who foreign group conquered Britain around AD 43?
Answer: Roman Empire

Question: When did the Vikings invade Britain?
Answer: 9th century

Question: What are the six counties in Ireland called that are still part of the United Kingdom?
Answer: Northern Ireland

Question: Wich was the first tribe to speak Insular Celtic?

Question: Whaen did Britian conquer the Roman Empire?

Question: What group arrived with the Romans?

Question: Where did the Romans invade in the 9th century?

Question: How many counties fought with the UK during the Irish War of Independence?

Question: The Hiberni tribes of northern Britain speak which language?

Question: The Pictish tribe of Southern Ireland inhabited the islands when?

Question: The Anglo-Saxon empire was conquered by the Roman Empire from when?

Question: The Anglo Saxons arrived in the 3rd century and would end up dominated what is modernly known as what country?

Question: The Anglo-Viking treaty is associated with which time frame?
British_Isles

The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed. Within them, they are also sometimes referred to as these islands.

Question: Why is the name the British Isles disputed in Ireland?
Answer: association of the word British

Question: Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?
Answer: does not recognise or use the term

Question: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?
Answer: Atlantic Archipelago

Question: Does the Government of Ireland's London embassy use the name British Isles?
Answer: its embassy in London discourages its use

Question: Why does Britian dispute the name British Isles?

Question: What term does the British government not recognize?

Question: What name does the government of Britian use instead of the British Isles?

Question: What does Britian prefer to refer to as the Atlantic Archipelago?

Question: The term Atlantic Archipelago is considered controversial in which country?

Question: Which term does the Atlantic government not recognize?

Question: The embassy in Paris discourages the use of what term?lon

Question: Which country names are used as an alternative to the phrase Atlantic Archipelago?
British_Isles

The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (circa 325–320 BC) have survived. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, "the British Island", and Prettanoi, "the Britons". Strabo used Βρεττανική (Brettanike), and Marcian of Heraclea, in his Periplus maris exteri, used αἱ Πρεττανικαί νῆσοι (the Prettanic Isles) to refer to the islands. Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago. Along these lines, the inhabitants of the islands were called the Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani). The shift from the "P" of Pretannia to the "B" of Britannia by the Romans occurred during the time of Julius Caesar.

Question: Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material?
Answer: writings of sea-farers

Question: What is one of the earliest surviving records that mention the name British Isles?
Answer: Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC)

Question: What language do most historians agree upon where the Greek names for the British Isles came from?
Answer: native Celtic-language

Question: What did the ancient Greeks call the people that lived in the British Isles?
Answer: Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani)

Question: When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia?
Answer: during the time of Julius Caesar

Question: What group of islands was first discovered my the Greek colony of Massalia.

Question: What languages bored from the Greeks when they named the islands?

Question: What Roman named the Islands?

Question: Who changed Britannia to Pretannia?

Question: The oldest known references to the agreements as a whole appeared where?

Question: Most historians today agree that these British names most likely originated from what native languages names?

Question: During the time of Julius Caesar, the shift from the B of Britannia to the P of what occurred?

Question: Although the original records have since been found, later writings that quoted from what are lost?
British_Isles

The Greco-Egyptian scientist Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλης Βρεττανίας - megális Brettanias) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave these islands the names Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona (the Isle of Man), suggesting these may have been names of the individual islands not known to him at the time of writing Almagest. The name Albion appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the Roman conquest of Great Britain, after which Britain became the more commonplace name for the island called Great Britain.

Question: What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland?
Answer: little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias)

Question: In later writings, what did Claudius Ptolemy called the British Isles?
Answer: Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona

Question: After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country?
Answer: Great Britain

Question: Who refered to the islands as little Britian?

Question: What did Claudis Ptolemy write in the 1st century AD

Question: Who wrote Geography in the 1st century AD?

Question: Who's conquest lead to the more common use of the name Albion?

Question: What islands were descovered in 150 AD?

Question: What did the German scientist call the larger island?

Question: What did the German scientist refer to Ireland as?

Question: What names did the British scientist give the islands in his later work?

Question: During what years did the British scientist Claudius Ptolemy complete his work, Almagest?

Question: In what year did the British scientist Claudius Ptolemy complete his work, Geography?
British_Isles

The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as "these islands". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.

Question: What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?
Answer: a work by John Dee

Question: When was this Brytish Illes name used in the English language by John Dee?
Answer: 1577

Question: What is another name that is used for the British Isles?
Answer: Anglo-Celtic Isles

Question: What is the common term that the Government of Ireland uses when documents are written jointly with the British?
Answer: "these islands

Question: What phrase can be dated back to the 15th century?

Question: Who used the phrase Brytish Iles in the 15th century?

Question: What term is not used by the UK?

Question: What two countries use the term British Isles when drawing up documents together?

Question: John Doe cites the earliest known use of Brytish Iles as occurring in what year?

Question: What are some other names used to describe the phrases?

Question: The most widely accepted term for Ireland is what?

Question: What name is seen by some as having Atlantic overtones?

Question: What term does the British government not use?
British_Isles

The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude.

Question: When did the Caledonian Orogeny occur?
Answer: c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period

Question: What happened during the c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period?
Answer: craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia

Question: What formed after the craton Baltica and the terrane Avalonia collision?
Answer: mountains and hills

Question: What formed the hills of Munster and the southern part of Wales?
Answer: Variscan orogeny

Question: In which direction have the British Isles been drifting?
Answer: northwest

Question: What orogeny occurred in the 4th century?

Question: What collided in the 4th century?

Question: What formed before the craton Baltica and Avalonia collision?

Question: What has been drifting north east for the last 500 million years?

Question: The hills in northern England and Ireland were formed when what collided with Avalonia?

Question: What formed the southwestern half of Ireland and Scotland?

Question: Avalonia formed the northwestern half of Ireland and what other country?

Question: During what time span was the Orogenic Period?

Question: What did Baltica collide with to form the equator?
British_Isles

The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form. Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.

Question: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?
Answer: Devensian

Question: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended?
Answer: the English Channel flooded

Question: When did sea levels reach their current highth?
Answer: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

Question: What covered the sea between Ireland and Great Britian during the last glacier?
Answer: a single ice sheet

Question: When did sea levels rise to prehistoric levels?

Question: It is undisputed that there was a land bridge between Great Britain and what country?

Question: Multiple sheets and layers of what covered the entire sea?

Question: During which Period have the land bridges been shaped by glaciations?

Question: During this period, it is certain a land bridge existed between England and which country?
British_Isles

The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft). The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft). Other mountainous areas include Wales and parts of Ireland, however only seven peaks in these areas reach above 1,000 m (3,281 ft). Lakes on the islands are generally not large, although Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exception, covering 150 square miles (390 km2).[citation needed] The largest freshwater body in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond at 27.5 square miles (71 km2), and Loch Ness, by volume whilst Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles. The longest is the Shannon in Ireland at 224 mi (360 km).[citation needed] The river Severn at 220 mi (354 km)[citation needed] is the longest in Great Britain. The isles have a temperate marine climate. The North Atlantic Drift ("Gulf Stream") which flows from the Gulf of Mexico brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the islands' latitudes. Winters are cool and wet, with summers mild and also wet. Most Atlantic depressions pass to the north of the islands, combined with the general westerly circulation and interactions with the landmass, this imposes an east-west variation in climate.

Question: What is the lowest elevation in the British Isles?
Answer: Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m

Question: Where is the highest point in the British Isles?
Answer: Ben Nevis

Question: Where are other mountain areas in the British Isles?
Answer: Wales and parts of Ireland

Question: What is the longest river in Ireland?
Answer: the Shannon

Question: What is the weather like in the summer time in the British Isles?
Answer: mild and also wet

Question: The highest point of the islands is Holme, at how many feet?

Question: At, 1700 feet, Holme, Cambridgeshire is the lowest point in what?

Question: At 9,000 feet tall, what is the highest point on the islands?

Question: Covering 250 square miles, Lough Neagh is located in which country?

Question: At 33.5 square miles, what is the largest freshwater body in Great Britain?
British_Isles

The islands enjoy a mild climate and varied soils, giving rise to a diverse pattern of vegetation. Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent. There are however, fewer numbers of species, with Ireland having even less. All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that migrated from elsewhere in Europe, and Great Britain in particular. The only window when this could have occurred was between the end of the last Ice Age (about 12,000 years ago) and when the land bridge connecting the two islands was flooded by sea (about 8,000 years ago).

Question: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?
Answer: European continent

Question: In Ireland where does the native animal and plant species mostly come from?
Answer: Europe, and Great Britain

Question: When did the land bridge between Ireland and Britain disappear?
Answer: about 8,000 years ago

Question: When did the last Ice Age end in the British Isles?
Answer: about 12,000 years ago

Question: The islands have no soil and what kind of climate?

Question: What type of life is similar to life in southern Asia?

Question: The land bridge connecting two European continents was flooded by see about how many years ago?

Question: The beginning of the last Ice Age occurred when?

Question: Plant and animal life varies greatly from that of life in which continent?
British_Isles

As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, most of Britain's forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Scandinavia, North America, and the Baltic. Most forest land in Ireland is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in east and north Scotland and in southeast England. Oak, elm, ash and beech are amongst the most common trees in England. In Scotland, pine and birch are most common. Natural forests in Ireland are mainly oak, ash, wych elm, birch and pine. Beech and lime, though not native to Ireland, are also common there. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken.

Question: When did the clearing of swamp land and forests begin in the British Isles?
Answer: around 6000 BC

Question: When did the clearing of the swamp land and forest begain to rapidly increase?
Answer: medieval times

Question: Why was Britain able to keep its ancient forests longer than Europe?
Answer: due to a small population

Question: When did lumber shortages start to occur in Britain?
Answer: 17th century

Question: What are three of the most typical type of tress that can be found in Ireland?
Answer: oak, ash, wych elm

Question: Ice and snow covered prehistoric Britain and what other country?

Question: Ice and snow covered prehistoric Ireland and what other country?

Question: Due to a large population, which country's primeval forests lasted longer than most?

Question: During which century did swamp shortages become a problem?

Question: Who maintains most barren land in Ireland?
British_Isles

Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct. However, some species such as red deer are protected. Other small mammals, such as rabbits, foxes, badgers, hares, hedgehogs, and stoats, are very common and the European beaver has been reintroduced in parts of Scotland. Wild boar have also been reintroduced to parts of southern England, following escapes from boar farms and illegal releases. Many rivers contain otters and seals are common on coasts. Over 200 species of bird reside permanently and another 200 migrate. Common types are the common chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow and common starling; all small birds. Large birds are declining in number, except for those kept for game such as pheasant, partridge, and red grouse. Fish are abundant in the rivers and lakes, in particular salmon, trout, perch and pike. Sea fish include dogfish, cod, sole, pollock and bass, as well as mussels, crab and oysters along the coast. There are more than 21,000 species of insects.

Question: Which two animals became extinct in the British Isles?
Answer: wolf, bear

Question: Which species of deer is protected in the British Isles?
Answer: red deer

Question: How many bird species does the British Isles have?
Answer: Over 200 species of bird

Question: What are three of the most common birds in the British Isles?
Answer: chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow

Question: What kinds of fish are abundent in the British Isles?
Answer: salmon, trout, perch and pike

Question: Small animals like wolves or bears are what today?

Question: What status does the brown deer have?

Question: The Asian beaver was reintroduced into parts of which country?

Question: The northern part of this country has been reintroduced to the wild boar?

Question: Where are seals and otters uncommon?
British_Isles

Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wildcats, most shrews, moles, water voles, roe deer and common toads also being absent from Ireland. This pattern is also true for birds and insects. Notable exceptions include the Kerry slug and certain species of wood lice native to Ireland but not Great Britain.

Question: Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland?
Answer: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

Question: What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?
Answer: Kerry slug

Question: Is the grass nake or the smooth snake native to Ireland?
Answer: none are native to Ireland

Question: What type of wild life are not native to Ireland but are in Britain?
Answer: water voles, roe deer and common toads

Question: Which four snakes are native to Ireland?

Question: In Great Britain and what other country are there a large number of reptile species?

Question: Certain species of wood lice are native to Great Britain but not where?

Question: In Great Britain and what other country are there a large number of amphibian species?

Question: In Ireland and what other country are there a large number of reptile species?
British_Isles

The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]

Question: Which area in the British Isles is s the most populated?
Answer: England

Question: What percentage of the population does England have compared to the other areas in the British Isles?
Answer: 80%

Question: How many people live in the area of London?
Answer: 9 million

Question: What are two other major populated cities in England?
Answer: Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million)

Question: What is the most populated city in Ireland?
Answer: Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million)

Question: England accounts for almost 25% of the total population of where?

Question: Which is the smallest urban area with only 9 million people?

Question: Which area is the largest urban area, with a population of 27,000 civilians?

Question: There is a low population density in England, which accounts for what percent of the total population?