Title: Calldata_compression_via_RLP
Category: Magicians

Author: esaulpaugh
Date: 2022-07-13T01:34:10.827Z

I propose reducing the cost of handling calldata by reducing its size using Recursive Length Prefix encoding:
Calldata:
b32f10b7
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000140 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000180 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000380 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003c0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000aaa 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffff 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000120 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0102030405000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 060708090a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0b0c0d0e0f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1011121314000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 1516171819000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1a1b1c1d1e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004 61686f7900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 ff0bff0aff09ff08ff07ff06ff05ff04ff03ff02ff01ff000000000000000000 08000f07000e06000d00050c04000b03000a0200090100080000000000000000
Compressed:
b32f10b7 (function selector)
plus RLP
c3820aaac5070f82ffffc20401eacdcc85010203040585060708090acdcc850b
0c0d0e0f851011121314cdcc851516171819851a1b1c1d1e808461686f79c201
01f298ff0bff0aff09ff08ff07ff06ff05ff04ff03ff02ff01ff009808000f07
000e06000d00050c04000b03000a020009010008

This is for the example function foo(address[],uint56[],(uint8,bool),bytes5[2][][3],bool,string,bool[2],function[])
Code snippet which uses my Java library:
    Function f = Function.parse("foo(address[],uint56[],(uint8,bool),bytes5[2][][3],bool,string,bool[2],function[])");

    Tuple args = Tuple.of(
            new Address[] { Address.wrap("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000aaa") },
            new long[] { 7L, 15L, 65_535L },
            Tuple.of(4, true),
            new byte[][][][]{
                    new byte[][][] { new byte[][]{ new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, new byte[] { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } } },
                    new byte[][][] { new byte[][]{ new byte[] { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, new byte[] { 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 } } },
                    new byte[][][] { new byte[][]{ new byte[] { 21, 22, 23, 24, 25}, new byte[] { 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 } } },
            },
            false,
            "ahoy",
            new boolean[] { true, true },
            new byte[][] {
                    Strings.decode("ff0bff0aff09ff08ff07ff06ff05ff04ff03ff02ff01ff00"),
                    Strings.decode("08000f07000e06000d00050c04000b03000a020009010008")
            }
    );

    ByteBuffer bb = f.encodeCall(args);

    System.out.println(Function.formatCall(bb.array()));

    System.out.println(FastHex.encodeToString(bb.array()));

    String rlpStr = SuperSerial.serialize(f.getInputs(), args, true);
    System.out.println(rlpStr);

    System.out.println(Notation.forEncoding(Strings.decode(rlpStr)));

Tuples and arrays are represented by RLP lists and everything else is an RLP string. It can handle negative numbers because unlike plain RLP it can use the ABI schema with the bit length and signedness of each element. One downside is that negative numbers have to be represented full-width e.g. ffffff for an int24 with value -1. Applying a conventional compression algorithm to the RLP could help with this, but the gains would probably be small in the average case.
One advantage of using RLP over using a conventional dictionary-based compression algorithm over a batch of calldata is that it’s fair with respect to whether a call is situated near the beginning or end of the batch when gas is charged per byte after compression. It may also be easier to calculate the gas fee.
Reproduced from my reddit thread https://www.reddit.com/r/ethdev/comments/vxqm92/calldata_compression_via_rlp/