JUDGMENT
1. All these criminal appeals are filed under [SECTION] of the [ACT], by the [ENTITY] Standing Counsel appearing for the appellant/[ENTITY] with special to leave to file the appeals against the judgment dated April 12, 1991, passed by the Additional Munsiff and JMFC [ENTITY], in [CASE NUMBER], acquitting the respondent/accused of the offence under [SECTION] of the [ACT], read with [SECTION] and [SECTION] of the [ACT]
2. As common points of law and facts are involved in all these criminal appeals all the matters are heard together and disposed of with this common order.
3. I heard Sri [ENTITY], learned [ENTITY] Standing Counsel for the appellants in all the appeal, and Sri [ENTITY], Advocate appearing for Respondent/accused No. 2 in all the appeals. Respondent No. 1 is served with notice in all the appeals and it remained absent.
4. The brief facts of the case are the respondent/accused were charge-sheeted by the Enforcement Officer appointed under the [ACT] (hereinafter referred to as "the [ACT] "), for the offences punishable under [SECTION] and [SECTION] of the [ACT] read with [SECTION] of the [ACT] (hereinafter referred to as the "[ACT]"). That Respondent/accused No. 1 [ENTITY], was an establishment within the meaning of the [ACT] and the [ACT] was applicable to the Respondent/accused No. 1 having been allotted with [CASE NUMBER]. Respondent/accused No. 2, [ENTITY], is none other than the person in charge of the said Spinning and Weaving Co. Ltd. and was responsible to it for the conduct of its business. He and Respondent/accused No. 2 were, therefore, required to comply with all the provisions of the said [ACT] and [ACT] in respect of Respondent/accused No. 1 company. In Paragraphs 30 and 38 of the [ACT], the Respondents/accused were required to pay the employees' contributions to the provident fund in respect of the employees of their establishment together with the administrative charges for every month within 15 days of the close of that month. Further, under [SECTION] of the [ACT] read with paragraphs 9(1)(c) and 39 of the said [ACT] and para 38 of the [ACT], the respondents/accused were required to pay the family pension fund the members as well as the employees share of contributions to the family pension fund every month within 15 days of the compilation of that month. That in spite of several request, the respondent/accused failed to pay the manner mentioned above the following contributions :
Sl. Employees Employer's Month for C.C. Cr.A. No. share share which due Nos. Nos. Rs. Rs.
1. 8,184 8,184 September, 84 3178/86 in the instant appeal i.e.,
2. 7,829 7,829 November, 84 3179/86 587/1991
3. 7,830 7,830 December, 84 3180/86 588/91
4. 14,846 14,846 February, 84 3181/86 589/91
5. 15,077 15,077 March, 84 3182/86 590/91
6. 16,026 16,026 April, 84 3183/86 591/91
7. 16,078 16,078 May, 84 3184/86 592/91
8. 11,350 11,350 July, 84 3185/86 593/91
9. 12,930 12,930 August, 84 3186/86 594/91
10. 8,289 8,289 October, 85 3187/86 595/91
5. That the respondents/accused did not pay the above sums due for the months from September, 1984 to October, 1985 as and when the same had fallen due as set out above and under the said circumstances, the Enforcement Officer under the [ACT] had filed 10 independent complaints as against the respondents/accused which were registered in [CASE NUMBER], before the Court of the Additional Munsiff and JMFC, [ENTITY] (hereinafter referred to for convenience as the AJMFC, [ENTITY]). In the said complaints it was complained that the respondents/accused had committed an offence under [SECTION] of the [ACT], read with [SECTION] and [SECTION] of the [ACT] on or about October 16, 1984 to October 1985. It was further contended that Respondent/accused No. 2 during the relevant period was in charge of the establishment of Respondent/accused No. 1 and was responsible to it for the conduct of its business and having not paid the P.F. contributions (employees share with employer's share) as and when the same had fallen due, more fully set out in the table aforementioned, the aforesaid offences were committed by Respondent accused No. 1 company due to negligence thereto of Respondent accused No. 2 and, therefore, both respondents/accused were liable to be prosecuted for the offences. It was further stated in the complaint that, therefore, the respondents/accused persons were in the normal circumstances punishable with both imprisonment and fine and accordingly a prayer was made by the Enforcement Officer in his complaint that a direction to the respondents/accused be made to pay within one month the above sums of contribution in respect of which the complaints were lodged and also to pass. orders for payment of the amounts under [SECTION] of the [ACT], and further for punishing the respondents/accused as provided under law.
6. After taking cognizance of the cases, summons were issued to the respondents/accused and subsequently their plea was also recorded by the AJMFC, [ENTITY], and the respondents/accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. That the Enforcement Officer had examined himself as PW-1 and marked as many as eight documents as exhibits P-1 to P-8. They are exhibit P-1, true copy of Form No. 5A with three annexures, exhibit P.2 - Form No. 12A, exhibit P.3 - inspection report, exhibit P.4 - sanction order, exhibit P.5 - complaint, exhibit P-6 - letter (original), exhibit P-7 - original Form of 5A (with enclosures) and exhibit P-8 - the inspection report (original). After the evidence was adduced, the statement of Respondent-accused No. 2 for and on behalf of Respondent/accused No. 1 - company and on his own behalf under [SECTION] of the [ACT], was recorded by the AJMFC, [ENTITY], wherein the Respondent/accused No. 2 had denied the cases in its entirety and on hearing the arguments of both sides and on appreciation of the evidence on record, the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], had acquitted the accused/respondents of all the charges levelled against them and, therefore, the instant appeals were filed by the appellant/[ENTITY] with the special leave as contemplated under [SECTION] of the [ACT].
7. While acquitting the respondent/accused the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], had observed that is the Respondent/accused No. 1 company was wound up and not in existence and the complaints in question were filed without the leave of the company Court as contemplated under [SECTION] of the [ACT], wherein it was provided that when a winding up order had been made or the official liquidator had been appointed as the provisional liquidator, no suit or other legal proceedings shall be commenced or if pending on the date of winding up order, shall be Proceeded with against the company except by cave of the Court and subject to such terms as the Court may impose.
8. With regard to the recording of the acquittal order as against Respondent/accused No. 2 herein, the learned AJMFC [ENTITY], observed that the Enforcement Officer failed to prove that Respondent/accused No. 2 was responsible for the conduct of the business of Respondent/accused No. 1 company and that the provisions of [SECTION] of the [ACT] clearly show that the burden was on the complainant to establish that Respondent/accused No. 2 was Responsible for the conduct of the business of Respondent/accused No. 1 Company and further that none of the documents produced by the complainant PW-1 marked as exhibits P-1 to P-8 disclosed that Respondent/accused No. 2 was in charge of and was responsible for Respondent/accused No. 1 company.
9. Sri [ENTITY], learned [ENTITY] Standing Counsel, at the outset fairly conceded that the appellants have got no quarrel as to the acquittal order passed therein as against Respondent/accused No. 1 company. But, he submitted that the appellants have got a grievance as against the acquittal of Respondent/accused No. 2, for it is his argument that even if Respondent/accused No. 1 could be absolved of the charge, in view of the provisions under [SECTION] of the [ACT] that when a winding up order has been made or the official liquidator has been appointed as the Provisional liquidator, no suit or other legal proceedings shall commence or if pending on the date of the winding up order, shall proceed as against the company except with the leave of the company Court, Respondent/accused No. 2 could not have been absolved of the charge. According to Sri [ENTITY], the complaint as against Respondent/accused No. 2 was definitely maintainable and could be proceeded with against him in view of no bar thereto under [SECTION] of the [ACT]. He had drawn my attention, particularly to the statement recorded by the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], under [SECTION] of the [ACT], wherein Respondent/accused No. 2 had stated that he was the Managing Director of Respondent/accused No. 1 Company. According to him when Respondent/accused No. 2, was admittedly the Managing Director, he was presumed to he in charge of and responsible for the conduct of the business of Respondent/accused No. 1 company during the relevant period and he having contravened the above provisions of law under which he was charged, he was guilty of the offences and, therefore, he was liable to be punished under [SECTION] of the [ACT].
10. Sri [ENTITY] in his argument referred to [SECTION] of the [ACT] as to the definition of the terms "Managing Director". Referring to the said definition, he submitted that according to the said provision of law in the [ACT], "managing director" means, a Director who by virtue of an agreement with the company or of a resolution passed by the company in its general body meting or by its Board of Directors, was in charge of and was responsible for the conduct of the business of Respondent/accused No. 1 company. He further submitted that from the very designation of Respondent/accused No. 2, there is a presumption under law that he was in charge of the affairs of his company. That being the position, Sri [ENTITY] pointed out that under para 38(2) of the Employees' Provident Funds Scheme, Respondent/accused No. 2 should have forwarded to the Commissioner within 15 days of the close of the month, the monthly consolidated statement in the form as the Commissioner specified showing therein the recoveries made the is wages of each employee and the amount contributed by the employer i.e., Respondent/accused No. 1 company in respect of each of such employees and further remitted the said contributions as and when the same had fallen due. Having not done so, Sri [ENTITY] argued that Respondent/accused No. 2 was guilty of the offence, and, therefore, the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], should have definitely punished him in consonance with [SECTION] of [ACT].
11. Sri [ENTITY] had also cited before me the decision of the Supreme Court in [PRECEDENT] , wherein in a case under [SECTION] of the [ACT], for an offence under [SECTION] of the [ACT], the Supreme Court held that the managing director could not be discharged on the ground that there were no allegations against him and that the offence was committed by the Company as licensee since the company by itself could not act. The other case Sri [ENTITY] cited before me is [PRECEDENT] , wherein the Supreme Court in a case under the [ACT] held that the proceedings against an accused can be quashed only if on the face of the complaint or the papers accompanying the same, no offence is constituted, the test being that the allegations and the complaint as they is are, are to be taken without adding or subtracting anything.
12. Sri [ENTITY] next cited before me the decision of this Court in [PRECEDENT].
In the above said decision, a similar provision as that of [SECTION] of the [ACT] in [SECTION] of the [ACT], came up for consideration vis-a-vis offence by a company to make a Director liable. This Court, in the said decision, held that the averments in the complaint or the documents produced along with the complaint must prima facie indicate that such a Director was in charge of and responsible for the conduct of the business of the company and if nothing in the records indicates that the director was in charge of and responsible for the conduct of the business of the company it amounts to non-disclosure of any offence against such a Director and the process cannot, therefore, he issued on the ground that the accused was a Director of the company,
13. Learned Counsel, Sri [ENTITY], appearing for Respondent/accused No. 2 in all the above cases, while supporting the impugned judgments passed by the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], argued that when the appellant made out a case for the offences charged as above as against Respondent/accused No. 2, it was incumbent on the appellant to prove two conditions as set out in [SECTION] of the [ACT]. The said two conditions, according to him, are that Respondent/accused No. 2 was in charge of the conduct of the business of the company and the second that he was responsible to the company for the conduct of its business. He further argued that the appellant had miserably failed before the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], by producing material evidence to prove that Respondent/accused No. 2 was in fact in charge of and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company. It is also in his argument that when the appellant failed to prove the said two ingredients as contemplated under [SECTION] of the [ACT], they wanted to fall back upon what the Respondent/accused No. 2 had stated in his statement recorded by the AJMFC, [ENTITY], under [SECTION] of the [ACT], and that even if the appellant wanted to go, the said statement of Respondent/accused No. 2 is of no assistance to them for in his said statement, Respondent/accused. No. 2 had clearly stated that he was no doubt the Managing Director of Respondent/accused No. 1 company, but he was not responsible for the conduct of the business of the company. Therefore, the submission of Sri [ENTITY] is that even the said statement cannot now be based to argue before this court to say that Respondent/accused No. 2 was in charge of and was responsible for the conduct of the business of the Respondent/accused No. 1 company, and; therefore, lid was guilty of the offences. With regard to the argument advanced by the [ENTITY] Standing Counsel that [SECTION] of the [ACT] has to be taken assistance of to hold that by admitting in the statement recorded under [SECTION] of the [ACT], the Respondent/accused No. 2 was the Managing Director, it has to be presumed in law that he was in charge of and was responsible for the conduct of the business of the Company, Sri [ENTITY] counter argued that it is nothing but a far-fetched argument to presume in law that Respondent/accused No. 2 was guilty of the offence within the meaning of [SECTION] of the [ACT]. According to Sri [ENTITY] such an argument cannot be accepted by this Court.
14. For the aforesaid reasons, Sri [ENTITY] submitted that there is no good ground to interfere with the well reasoned judgment passed by the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], in acquitting Respondent/accused No. 2 too along with Respondent/accused No. 1 company. Therefore, he prayed that the appeal be dismissed.
15. Now, the point for my consideration is whether Respondent/accused No. 2 was in any way guilty of the offence charged against him under [SECTION] of the [ACT] read with [SECTION] and [SECTION] of the [ACT] as charged by the appellant before the AIMFC, [ENTITY]. In this context it is relevant to refer to [SECTION] of the [ACT]. The same reads as follows :
16. "14-A Offences by companies - (1) if the person committing an offence under this Act, the Scheme or (the Family Pension Scheme or the Insurance Scheme) is a company, every person, who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly :
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Act, the Scheme or (the Family Pension Scheme or the Insurance Scheme has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to, any neglect on the part of, any director or manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation :- For the purpose of this Section -.
(i) 'company' means any body corporate and includes a firm and other association of individuals; and
(ii) 'director' in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm".
17. From the above provision of law in [SECTION], it is clear that if the person committing an offence under the [ACT], the Scheme or the Family Pension Scheme or the Insurance Scheme is a company, every person is who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of and was responsible to the company for the conduct of its business shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence along with the company. It is further clear from the above provision that every person who, at the time of the offence, was in charge of and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the company is primarily responsible whereas the company he represents is secondarily responsible. Hence to prove the guilt of Respondent/accused No. 2 in the instant case, it is incumbent on the appellant to prove before the AJMFC, [ENTITY], that it is Respondent/accused No. 2 who at the time of committal of the alleged offence, was in charge of at the first instance and in the second was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company. By producing exhibits P-1 to P-8 by the appellant before the AJMFC, [ENTITY], the appellant tried to connect Respondent/accused No. 2. But unfortunately none of the said documents in any way connected the Respondent/accused No. 2 to say in any way that it is he who was in charge of and was responsible to accused No. 1 company for the conduct of its business. It, therefore, appears to me that the learned AIMFC, [ENTITY] had recorded the acquittal as against Respondent/accused No. 2 also. Learned [ENTITY] Standing Counsel vehemently argued that in the statement of Respondent/accused No. 2 recorded under [SECTION] of the [ACT] by the AJMFC, [ENTITY], he did state that he was the Managing Director and, therefore, according to him it is to be presumed under the law that he was in charge of and was responsible to Respondent No. 1 company for the conduct of its business but unfortunately for him Respondent/accused No. 2 had qualified that statement of his to say further that he was not responsible for the conduct of the business of the company. He wanted to sustain such an argument by further relying upon the definition under [SECTION] of the [ACT] to say that Respondent/accused No. 2 being the managing Director, it had to be presumed in law that he was in charge of and was responsible to the company in the matter of conduct of its business. To quote [SECTION] of the [ACT] which defines the term 'Managing Director' the same reads as hereunder.
"2(26) 'Managing Director' means a Director who by virtue of an agreement with the company or of a resolution passed by the company in general meeting or by its Board of Directors or by virtue of its memorandum or articles of association, is entrusted with (substantial powers of management) which would not otherwise be exercisable by him, and includes a director occupying the position of a managing director, by whatever name called :
(Provided that the power to do administrative acts of a routine nature when so authorised by the Board such as the power to affix the common seal of the company to any document or to draw and endorse any cheque on the account of the company in any bank or to draw and endorse any negotiable instrument or to sign any certificate of share or to direct registration of transfer of any share, shall not be deemed to be included within substantial powers of management :
Provided further that a managing director of company shall exercise his powers subject to the superintendence, control and direction of its board of directors)."
18. If we read the above definition, in my considered view, it cannot be said that the same can be read into [SECTION] of the [ACT] to say that it is the 'managing director' who is in charge of and is responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company for the conduct of the business of the company, for under [SECTION] of the [ACT], the liability therefore does not go with the designation but it goes with the charge of and responsibility to the company in the person in the company and nothing beyond. It appears to me that [SECTION] lends support for such a view I have taken, for, in the said sub-section, when the offence is committed with the consent or connivance of or is attributable to any neglect on the part of any director, or manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against. Therefore, it is difficult for me to accept the argument of learned [ENTITY] Standing Counsel that when Respondent/accused No. 2 had admitted in his statement under [SECTION] of the [ACT] that he was the Managing Director, there arose a presumption that it is he who was in charge of and was responsible to the company in the matter of the conduct of its business.
19. Further, when the provision of law in [SECTION] of the [ACT] makes it abundantly clear that it is the person who, at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company who is responsible, the burden lies heavily on the appellant to prove the two situations as set out therein in the said provision, before the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], and in the instant case they have failed to prove the same. Obviously, the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], had acquitted Respondent/accused No. 2 along with Respondent/accused No. 1 company. To accept the above argument of learned standing counsel, it to is as good as accepting that for the purpose of the criminal liability under [SECTION] It is the preponderance of probabilities that matters. Of course that may be the situation in a civil case but unfortunately, that is not so in a criminal case. It is well known that in a criminal case, the guilt of the accused is to be proved beyond all reasonable doubt and that is the position equally in the given case of Respondent/accused No. 2. As a matter of fact it is that guilt the appellant failed to prove before the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY], and that being the position, I do not find any error in the impunged judgments passed by the learned AJMFC, [ENTITY] in all the above matter in [CASE NUMBER]. In that view of the matter, I do not find any merit in the abort appeals and, therefore, the same are liable to be dismissed.
20. The above appeals accordingly stand dismissed.