JUDGMENT [ENTITY], C.J.
1. These writ petitions were heard together as they involve a common question of law and they will be disposed of by this judgment. The common question of law relates to the interpretation and scope of [SECTION] of the [ACT], hereinafter referred to as "the Act".
2. To state it generally, what happened was that the individual petitioner in each of these petitions alleging himself to be a workman made an application to the specified Labour Court under the aforesaid section of the Act for the determination of the amount of money due to him/or for computation in terms of money of the benefit to which he was entitled. The respective employer, in his reply before the specified Labour Court, denied the existence of the relationship of workman and employer and, thereupon, following the decision of a learned single Judge of the Punjab High Court and some decisions of learned single Judges of this Court, which shall be referred to hereinafter, the Labour Court held that it had no jurisdiction to determine the question of such relationship and ordered the return of the respective applications to the workman concerned. These orders have led to the institution of these writ petitions under [SECTION] of the [ACT].
3. The main contention on behalf of the petitioners is that the specified Labour Court has jurisdiction to determine the existence of the relationship of employer and workman because it has to determine the title of the workman to receive the money due or the money equivalent of the benefit and determination of such title cannot be made unless such relationship is shown to exist for the relevant period. The contention on behalf of the respondent-employers is that it is only in a case where the relationship is admitted or not disputed that the specified Labour Court can grant the relief under the aforesaid section. It is further contended that a specified Labour Court under the aforesaid section has no jurisdiction to determine incidental matters like the existence of the relationship as is the case with a Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal under [SECTION] of the Act or with any of the authorities constituted under [SECTION] of the [ACT] and that the function of a specified Labour Court under [SECTION] of the Act is merely to compute the money due or the money equivalent of a benefit as its function is merely that of an executing Court.
4. [SECTION] of the Act, after the amendment by [ACT], read as under:
33C. (1) Where any money is due to a workman from an employer under a settlement or an award or under the provisions of [SECTION], the workman himself or any other person authorised by him in writing in this behalf, or, in the case of the death of the workman, his assignee or heirs may, without prejudice to any other mode of recovery, make an application to the appropriate Government for the recovery of the money due to him, and if the appropriate Government is satisfied that any money is so due, it shall issue a certificate for that amount to the Collector who shall proceed to recover the same in the same manner as an arrears of land revenue:
Provided that every such application shall be made within one year from the date on which the money became due to the workman from the employer:
Provided further that any such application may be entertained after the expiry of the said period of one year, if the appropriate Government is satisfied that the applicant had sufficient cause for not making the application within the said period.
(2) Where any workman is entitled to receive from the employer any money or any benefit which is capable of being computed in terms of money and if any question arises as to the amount of money due or as to the amount at which such benefit should be computed, then the question may, subject to any rules that may be made under this Act, be decided by such Labour Court as may be specified in this behalf by the appropriate Government.
5. Before the amendment it was only the workman who could make an application under [SECTION] But, after the amendment such an application can be made not only by the workman himself but also by "any other person authorised by him in writing in this behalf, or, in the case of the death of the workman, his assignee or heirs". [SECTION] before this amendment could be invoked by a workman in respect of any benefit which was capable of being computed in terms of money and did not specifically mention money. After the amendment Sub-section (2) of this section has specifically included money also.
6. The unamended [SECTION] was interpreted by the Supreme Court in [PRECEDENT]. The contention before the Supreme Court was that Sub-section (2) could be invoked by a workman who is entitled to receive from the employer the benefit there specified, but the right of the workman to receive the benefit has to be admitted and could not be a matter of dispute between the parties in cases which fall under this sub-section. The further argument was that if there is a dispute about the workman's right to claim the benefit, that has to be adjudicated upon not under Sub-section (2), but by other appropriate proceedings permissible under the Act and that the opening words of Sub-section (2) postulate the existence of an admitted right vesting in a workman and do not cover cases where the said right is disputed. The Supreme Court went into the historical back-ground of this section and expressed the view that the legislative history clearly indicated "that having provided broadly for the investigation and settlement of industrial disputes on the basis of collective bargaining, the Legislature recognised that individual workman should be given a speedy remedy to enforce their existing individual rights, and so, inserted [SECTION] in the Act in 1950 and added [SECTION] in 1956". The Supreme Court expressed the view that in determining the scope of [SECTION] care should be taken not to exclude cases which legitimately fall within its purview, and it must be borne in mind that cases which fall under [SECTION] of the Act cannot be brought within the scope of [SECTION] The Supreme Court clearly rejected the argument that the only point which a specified Labour Court could determine was one in relation to the computation of the benefit in terms of money. They observed (at pages 52-53):
In our opinion, on a fair and reasonable construction of Sub-section (2) it is clear that if a workman's right to receive the benefit is disputed, that may have to be determined by the Labour Court. Before proceeding to compute the benefit in terms of money, the Labour Court inevitably has to deal with the question as to whether the workman has a right to receive that benefit. If the said right is not disputed, nothing more needs to be done and the Labour Court can proceed to compute the value of the benefit in terms of money ; but if the said right is disputed, the Labour Court must deal with that question and decide whether the workman has the right to receive the benefit as alleged by him and it is only if the Labour Court answers this point in favor of the workman that the next question of making the necessary computation can arise. It seems to us that the opening clause of Sub-section (2) does not admit of the construction for which the appellant contends unless we add some words in that clause. The clause 'where any workman is entitled to receive from the employer any benefit' does not mean 'where such workman is admittedly, or admitted to be, entitled to receive such benefit'. The appellant's construction would necessarily introduce the addition of the words 'admittedly, or admitted to be' in that clause, and that clearly is not permissible. Besides, it seems to us that if the appellant's construction is accepted, it would necessarily mean that it would be at the option of the employer to allow the workman to avail himself of the remedy provided by Sub-section (2), because he has merely to raise an objection on the ground that the right claimed by the workman is not admitted to oust the jurisdiction of the Labour Court to entertain the workman's application. The claim under [SECTION] clearly postulates that the determination of the question about computing the benefit in terms of money may, in some cases, have to be preceded by an enquiry into the existence of the right and such an enquiry must be held to be incidental to the main determination which has been assigned to the Labour Court by Sub-section (2)
The Supreme Court also found that the scope of [SECTION] is wider than the scope of [SECTION] as the former is not restricted to money due under a settlement or an award or under the provisions of [SECTION] and it is possible that claims not based on settlements, awards or under the provisions of [SECTION] may also be competent under [SECTION]. The Supreme Court further made it clear that its observation in [PRECEDENT], that [SECTION] is a provision in the nature of execution should not be interpreted to mean that the scope of [SECTION] is exactly the same as that of [SECTION] and held as a matter of construction of [SECTION] that all questions incidental to the decision of the specified Labour Court could be properly determined under [SECTION].
7. In [PRECEDENT], it was emphasised that Labour Court had jurisdiction to entertain a claim in respect of an existing right arising from the relationship of an industrial workman and his employer. This view was approved in [PRECEDENT], again, in [PRECEDENT], it was held that the Labour Court had jurisdiction to entertain application for lay-off compensation under [SECTION] and that such jurisdiction could not be ousted by a mere plea denying the workmen's claim to computation of the benefit in terms of money. Following upon these decisions, the Supreme Court in [PRECEDENT], held that [SECTION] must be so construed as to take within its fold a workman, who was employed during the period in respect of which he claims relief, even though he is no longer employed at the time of the application.
8. These decisions of the Supreme Court with regard to the scope of [SECTION] of the Act lay down,-
(1) the scope of [SECTION] is wider than that of [SECTION] inasmuch as claims for money or benefit due otherwise than under settlements, awards or under [SECTION] of the Act are within the purview of the former section;
(2) if the workman's right to receive the benefit is disputed, it may have to be determined by the specified Labour Court and the jurisdiction under [SECTION] is not confined to admitted claims;
(3) the specified Labour Court under [SECTION] can hold an enquiry into the existence of the right before determining the money due even though the right to make such claim is disputed by the employer ;
(4) while [SECTION] of the Act deals merely with the question of the interpretation of the awards where a dispute arises in that behalf, [SECTION] deals with cases of implementation of individual rights of workmen falling under its provisions ;
(5) disputes which fall under [SECTION] of the Act cannot be adjudicated by the specified Labour Court under [SECTION] like the dispute where the dismissal is challenged as wrongful;
(6) a specified Labour Court has jurisdiction to entertain a claim in respect of an existing right arising from the relationship of an industrial workman and his employer ; and (7) [SECTION] takes within its fold a workman, who was employed during the period in respect of which he claims relief, even though he is no longer employed at the time of the application.
9. On behalf of the respondents reliance has been placed upon the decisions of the Supreme Court in [PRECEDENT] (supra). This was a case under [SECTION] of the [ACT], which is in pari materia with [SECTION] of the Act. This case does not help the respondents because the Supreme Court pointed out that the provisions of [SECTION] indicate that where an employee makes a claim for some money by virtue of the benefit to which he is entitled, an inquiry into the claim is contemplated by the Labour Court and it is only after the Labour Court has decided the matter that the decision becomes enforceable under [SECTION] by a summary procedure. If anything, this case goes against the contention of the respondents. We may now briefly refer to the other cases relied upon by the respondents. The case [PRECEDENT], also does not help the respondent. In this case an application for winding up of the employer-company was made and during these proceedings the company applied for sanction of the scheme of arrangement or compromise under the [ACT]. The company Judge sanctioned the scheme of arrangement on May 3, 1967. It appears that prior to this, on August 25, 1965, there had been a settlement of disputes between the employer and the employees. On appeal from the order sanctioning the scheme of arrangement the appellant Court modified the order of the trial Court in certain important matters. The appellate Court observed that four questions regarding (1) closure, (2) the enforceability of the settlement dated August 25, 1965, (3) whether the workmen were entitled to prefer their claims on the basis of the said agreement and (4) whether the said agreement was not capable of enforcement should be left to be determined in the proper forum and on proper materials and in the proper jurisdiction. It was in this background that the State of West Bengal made an order of reference under [SECTION] of the [ACT], as to whether the workmen mentioned in the list attached to the order of reference were entitled in terms of the settlement dated August 25, 1965, to receive from their employer benefits which were capable of being computed in terms of money. An argument was raised that the questions kept open by the appellate Court could be agitated before the specified Court in pursuance of the reference as they were matters which arose out of the dispute relating to computation of benefits. This contention was not accepted and in this context it was observed that while it is true that the Tribunal in a proceeding under [SECTION] acted as an executing Court and as such entitled to interpret the award or settlement on the basis of which the benefit was claimed it could not in any event go beyond the order of reference to adjudicate upon matters not referred to it. This case is no authority for the proposition that the Labour Court under [SECTION] does not have the jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the subsistence of relationship of master and servant if the same is denied. Such a view would be contrary to what the Supreme Court has said in the [PRECEDENT], namely, that the right to claim a benefit which is sought to be computed must be an existing one, i.e., either adjudicated upon or provided for and must arise in the course of and in relation to the relationship between an industrial workman and his employer. An existing right does not mean an admitted right. It only means that the right to the claim exists and vests in the workman. In [PRECEDENT], [ENTITY], J., held the view that where the existence of relationship of workman and employer is itself in dispute, the specified Labour Court cannot determine the same under [SECTION] of the Act as the matter would fall under [SECTION] of the Act and the remedy available to the employee would be to raise an industrial dispute. In this case [ENTITY] made an application under [SECTION] of the Act to the specified Labour Court alleging himself to be a workman and praying for computation of retrenchment compensation under [SECTION] of the Act. The employer raised an objection that the relationship of employer and workman never existed between the parties and the Labour Court had no jurisdiction to proceed on merits without deciding this issue. The learned Judge noticed the observations of the Supreme Court in the case of [PRECEDENT], but on the scope and ambit of [SECTION] made the aforesaid observation. The learned Judge was also of the view that the question whether the claimant is a workman or not is not incidental to the determination of the main question and that if the workman's contention be upheld, then most of the industrial disputes would fall under [SECTION] and the provisions of [SECTION] would at least to a considerable extent be reduced to silence. With respect, we disagree. In an application under [SECTION] of the Act, a workman has to establish his title to the money or benefit because it is the workman who is entitled to receive the money or benefit who can make the application. The title of the applicant as a workman is, therefore, a condition precedent to the making of an application under [SECTION]. He has to show that he is a workman who is entitled to it. The objection of the employer denying the existence of relationship is a denial of title, that is, the denial that the condition precedent has been satisfied. The jurisdiction of the specified Labour Court is to grant the money or benefit only to a workman who is entitled. It is, therefore, implicit in the exercise of jurisdiction that the specified Labour Court has to determine the title of the applicant as a workman and, therefore, determine the existence of the relationship of workman and employer if it is denied. The jurisdiction of statutory authorities to determine questions which are by way of conditions precedent to the exercise by them of their jurisdiction has been expressed by Lord [ENTITY], M. R., in [PRECEDENT], in the following words;
When an inferior court or tribunal or body, which has to exercise the power of deciding facts, is first established by Act of Parliament, the legislature has to consider what powers it will give that tribunal or body. It may in effect say that, if a certain state of facts exists and is shown to such tribunal or body before it proceeds to do certain things, it shall have jurisdiction to do such things, but not otherwise. There it is not for them conclusively to decide whether that state of facts exists, and, if they exercise the jurisdiction without its existence, what they do may be questioned, and it will be held that they have acted without jurisdiction. But there is another state of things which may exist. The legislature may instruct the tribunal or body with a jurisdiction, which includes the jurisdiction to determine whether the preliminary state of facts exists as well as the jurisdiction, on finding that it does exist, to proceed further or do something more. When the legislature are establishing such a tribunal or body with limited jurisdiction, they also have to consider, whatever jurisdiction they give them, whether there shall be any appeal from their decision, for otherwise there will be none. In the second of the two cases I have mentioned it is an erroneous application of the formula to say that the tribunal cannot give themselves jurisdiction by wrongly deciding certain facts to exist, became the legislature gave them jurisdiction to determine all the facts, including the existence of the preliminary facts on which the further exercise of their jurisdiction depends; and if they were given jurisdiction so to decide, without any appeal being given, there is no appeal from such exercise of their jurisdiction.
This principle was accepted by the Supreme Court in [PRECEDENT]. This dictum was noted by a Division Bench of this Court ([ENTITY] and [ENTITY], JJ.) in [PRECEDENT]. This was a case where an application was made for the payment of gratuity under [SECTION] of the [ACT]. The employer denied the relationship of employer and employee and the Controlling Authority decided the question against the employer. The employer filed a writ petition in this Court to quash the proceedings before the Controlling Authority on the ground, inter alia, that the jurisdiction of the Controlling Authority under [SECTION] of the [ACT], was confined to the determination of only the amount of gratuity payable to an employee. This contention is the same as the contention of the respondents that the jurisdiction of the specified Labour Court under [SECTION] is confined to the computation of the money or benefit due and extends no further. After noticing the above quoted observations of Lord [ENTITY], M. R., and other cases, the Division Bench observed (at pages 407-408) The jurisdiction of the Controlling Authority to determine the amount of gratuity depends on the pre-existence of the relationship of employer and employee between the petitioner and the respondents ? and 3. These jurisdictional conditions cannot be finally determined by the Controlling Authority. But, this only means that the conclusion which the Controlling Authority may arrive at on this issue is impeachable by the aggrieved party in a civil Court This docs not mean, however, that the Controlling Authority cannot at all inquire into this issue or that the petitioner can disable the Controlling Authority from making any inquiry by merely denying that the respondents 2 and 3 are its employees. On the contrary, the Legislature has intended that initially the Controlling Authority may find out whether the relation-ship of employer and employee exists. If he finds that it does not exist, then he would drop the proceedings. If he finds that it exists, he would continue the proceedings to determine the amount of gratuity. This is subject to the right of the aggrieved party to go to the civil Court for a final determination of this issue which goes to the jurisdiction of the Controlling Authority A mere denial by the employer as to the coverage of his factory under the Act does not, however, mean that the Central Provident Fund Commissioner is disabled from holding the inquiry. On the contrary, he must hold an inquiry though his finding regarding the coverage of the factory may be challengeable in a civil Court:
10. [ENTITY], J., was right in saying that a specified Labour Court under [SECTION] of the Act cannot go into any question which can properly be the subject-matter of an industrial dispute under [SECTION] of the Act. But the question whether the relationship of workman and employer exists is not such a question. In our opinion, the principle applicable should be that if an applicant who alleges himself to be a workman is met by a plea that the relationship of workman and employer does not exist as the services of concerned workman have been terminated or that he has been dismissed, the workman cannot assert that the termination of his services or his dismissal was wrongful. In other words, if the workman admits the termination or dismissal but challenges the validity of it he cannot invite a specified Labour Court under [SECTION] to determine the question because he must first get his order of termination or dismissal set aside by raising an industrial dispute. This is the example which was given by the Supreme Court in the case of [PRECEDENT]. But, the workman can assert that there was in fact no termination or dismissal as alleged by the employer and in such a case, the specified Labour Court will have jurisdiction to determine the issue. If it finds that the services of the workman were terminated or that he had been dismissed before the period for which the claim is made, it has to stay its hands. If it does not find it so, it must proceed to determine the amount of money or compute the benefit. Therefore, a mere denial of the relationship by the employer cannot oust the jurisdiction of the specified Labour Court. The specified Labour Court will have the jurisdiction to decide whether the applicant was a workman during the period for which the claim is made.
11. We, therefore, do not agree with [ENTITY], J., when he says that a mere denial of the existence of the relationship of workman and employer would oust the jurisdiction of the specified Labour Court as this is a matter which fills under [SECTION] of the Act. The decision of [ENTITY], J., was followed in three single Beach decisions of this Court, viz., [CASE NUMBER], [PRECEDENT] decided on January 20, 1967, [PRECEDENT], decided on May 26, 1971, and [PRECEDENT]. These decisions contained no independent reasoning. For reasons already stated the view expressed in these cases also cannot be sustained. In our opinion, a mere denial by the employer about the existence of the relationship of workman and employer will not oust the jurisdiction of the specified Labour Court. But, if it is contended by the employer that during the period for which the claim is made the applicant was not a workman as his services had been terminated or he had been dismissed, then the specified Labour Court will determine whether the services were terminated or the workman was dismissed as alleged but will not go into the question of the validity of the termination or dismissal. It would not matter if the applicant was not a workman on the date of his application, if it is proved that he was a workman during the relevant period for which the claim is made.
12. We now come to deal with the individual writs.
[PRECEDENT]): The petitioner alleged that he was a workman as he was employed by [ENTITY] (respondent No. 2) as a storekeeper. Respondent No. 2 pleaded that the petitioner was not a workman as he was a manager and, therefore, the application was not maintainable. By its order dated October 4, 1972, the Labour Court observed that disputed question of status cannot be decided by it under [SECTION] of the Act in view of the decision of this Court in Flowmore (Private) Ltd., [CASE NUMBER], decided on May 26, 1971.
13. In view of our conclusions, the Labour Court had the jurisdiction to decide this question and, therefore, it failed to exercise jurisdiction which vested in it. This writ petition is, therefore, allowed. The impugned order dated October 4, 1972, in [CASE NUMBER], is quashed and we order that a writ be issued to respondent No. 1 to restore the application of the petitioner to its file and proceed to decide it on merits after determining the question whether applicant is a workman or a manager. The petitioner will have his costs of this petition. Counsel's fee Rs. 100.
14. [PRECEDENT]. [CASE NUMBER]. This petition demonstrates how the jurisdiction of the specified Labour Court is sought to be outsted by a mere plea denying the existence of relationship as that of workman and employer.
15. The services of the petitioner was terminated by the management. The action of the management was held to be illegal by the Industrial Tribunal, Delhi, by its award dated August 9, 1971, made in a reference under [SECTION] of the Act to determine whether the termination of services of the petitioner was illegal and/or unjustified and if so, to what relief was he entitled and what directions were necessary in that respect. By this award, the relief of reinstatement was not granted to the petitioner but he was awarded compensation equal to one year's salary amounting to Rs. 4,260. Thereafter the petitioner filed an application under [SECTION] of the Act alleging that he was in the employment of Central Government Employees' Consumer Co-operative Society Ltd. (respondent No. 2) from October 26, 1963 to December 16, 1966, on a monthly salary of Rs. 355. In answer to the claim of the petitioner, the management denied the relationship and urged that the application under [SECTION] was not maintainable. In spite of the award, respondent No. 1 held on the basis of the judgment of this Court in Flowmore (Private) Ltd., [CASE NUMBER] decided on May 26, 1971. that it could not go into the question whether the plea raised by the management was frivolous or not and it directed the return of the application to the petitioner.
16. Here also, in view of our conclusion, the Labour Court (respondent No. 1) failed to exercise jurisdiction which vested in it. This writ petition is, therefore, allowed. The impugned order dated June 1, 1972, in [CASE NUMBER] is quashed and we order that a writ be issued to respondent No. 1 to restore the application of the petitioner to its file and proceed to decide it on merits after determining the question whether the applicant is a workman or not. The petitioner will have his costs of this petition. Counsel's fee Rs. 100.
17. [PRECEDENT]. The petitioner made an application under [SECTION] of the Act alleging that he had been retrenched from service. The petitioner alleged that he was a secretary in M/s. Fenesca Private Limited (the management). In reply, the management denied that the petitioner was a workman and they denied the jurisdiction of the Labour Court to deal with the application. The Labour Court relied upon the judgments of this Court in M/s. Saran Motors Private Ltd. [CASE NUMBER] decided on January 20, 1967 and Flowmore Private Ltd., [CASE NUMBER], decided on May 26, 1971, and held that the question whether the applicant was a workman or not, being a disputed question of fact, could not be gone into in an application under [SECTION] of the Act.
18. Here also, in view of our conclusions, the Labour Court (respondent No. 1) failed to exercise jurisdiction which vested in it. This writ petition is, therefore, allowed. The impugned order dated September 19, 1972 in [CASE NUMBER] is quashed and we order that a writ be issued to respondent No. 1 to restore the application of the petitioner to its file and proceed to decide it on merits after determining the question whether the applicant is a workman or not. The petitioner will have his costs of this petition. Counsel's fee Rs. 100.
19. [ENTITY] v. Vir Singh and Anr. Civil No. 1278 of 1971. The petitioner, [ENTITY] (since deceased,) had made an application before respondent No. 1 under [SECTION] of the Act claiming monies and equivalent of money for benefits due from respondent No. 2. The management denied that the applicant was a workman and asserted that he had absented himself without leave or taking prior permission and had abandoned his contract of service. It was further alleged that no relationship of master and servant or that of an employer and an employee either existed or subsisted between the petitioner and the management. Issue No. 1 was whether the petitioner was a workman or not. Issue No. 2 was whether the application was incompetent. On the plea raised by the management that the relationship of master and servant did not exist or subsist, the Labour Court by its order dated November 8, 1971, in [CASE NUMBER] held the view that it could not go into this plea which could be decided only in a regular reference under [SECTION] of the Act.
20. Thereafter, the petitioner filed this writ petition in this Court but died during its pendency whereupon his legal representatives were brought on the record. Apart from the question of the jurisdiction of the Labour Court to determine the question of relationship of employer and workman, two other questions arise. The first is whether the legal representatives can continue this petition under [SECTION] of the [ACT] and second is whether they can continue the application under [SECTION] of the Act which their predecessor-in-interest had made to the specified Labour Court. If the answer to the second question is in the negative, the further question which arises is whether this writ petition has become in-fructuous and, if so, to what extent.
21. The specified Labour Court under [SECTION] has a special and limited jurisdiction which can be invoked by a workman as defined in the Act. The definition of workman in [SECTION] of the Act does not include his heirs, successors and legal representatives. In exercise of powers conferred by [SECTION] of the Act, the Central Government made the [ACT]. [SECTION] provides for application for recovery of dues. It is in these terms:
62. (1) Where any money is due from an employer to a workman or a group of workmen under a settlement or an award or under the provisions of [SECTION], the workman or the group of workmen, as the case may be, may apply in Form K1 for the recovery of the money due:
Provided that in the case of a person authorised in writing by the workman, or in the case of the death of the workman the assignee or heir of the deceased workman, the application shall be made in Form K2.
(2) Where any workman or a group of workmen is entitled to receive from the employer any money or any benefit which is capable of being computed in terms of money, the workman or the group of workmen, as the case may be, may apply to the specified Labour Court in Form K3 for the determination of the amount due or, as the case may be, the amount at which such benefit should be computed.
An application by the workman himself under [SECTION] of the Act has to be made in Form K1. In the event of the death of the workman, application under [SECTION] has to be made in Form K2 by the assignee or heir of the deceased workman. Application under [SECTION] by the workman has to be made in Form K2. These and other forms are prescribed by the rules and form part of the rules. There is no form for an application by the assignee or heir of a deceased workman when an application is to be made under [SECTION] as is the case with an application under [SECTION]. In [SECTION] itself a distinction is made between an application under [SECTION] and an. application under Sub-section (2) in that in the former case the application can be made even during his lifetime by any other person authorised by the workman in writing in this behalf and, in the case of his death, by his assignee or heir while, in the case of the latter, a person authorised by the workman or his assignees or heirs are not mentioned. It, therefore, appears to us that in the case of an application under [SECTION], the Legislature intended to give the right of making the application only to the workman personally and not to any other person authorised by him or to his assignee or heir. The right to make an application under [SECTION] can, therefore, legitimately be said to be a personal right and, being so, it must die with him. This construction is supported by the further fact that a specified Labour Court is not expected to go into intricate questions of title or succession and its jurisdiction is limited in [SECTION] to deal with the application only if made by the workman. Otherwise we do not find any justification for the difference in the phraseology of [SECTION] and [SECTION] The forms prescribed under the rules, even though they may not be mandatory and be merely directory, support our conclusion as to the intention of the Legislature and we use the specification of the forms only for this limited purpose.
22. Reliance has been placed on behalf of the legal representatives on a Division Bench decision of the Bombay High Court in [PRECEDENT], where a contrary view has been taken and where they have disagreed with the view expressed in [PRECEDENT]. The Bombay High Court has held that the forms prescribed by the rules are permissive and are for convenience. This decision is based only upon the permissiveness of the forms and not on the difference in the phraseology of [SECTION] and [SECTION] as pointed out by us. For the reasons stated, we regret our inability to agree with the view of the Bombay High Court.
23. Reliance is then placed on [SECTION] of the [ACT], to urge that rights of a deceased survive to his executors or administrators. This general provision provides for survival of the right to sue but does not provide for the forum in which such right can be exercised. We are here concerned with the question as to who has locus standi to make an application under [SECTION] of the Act and not the question whether the right to sue survives or not. For the same reasons, the decisions report in [PRECEDENT] ; [PRECEDENT] ; [PRECEDENT] and [PRECEDENT], are not applicable.
24. Our conclusion, therefore, is that an application under [SECTION] of the Act can be made only by the workman himself and it must follow that if the workman dies during the pendency of such application, his heirs, successors and legal representatives cannot continue it in the specified Labour Court because this Court cannot recognize any body other than a workman as the applicant before it. We should not be taken to have held that the right to sue for money or equivalent of money of the benefit due to a workman does not survive. It survives to the heirs, successors and legal representatives and they can take appropriate proceedings by way of a suit in a civil Court. They cannot, however, either continue after his death an application made by the workman under [SECTION] or make such an application themselves in the event of his death.
25. Then we come to the first question. Here the position is slightly different. The right to continue the writ petition depends upon whether the right to sue survives. If the workman had a right to have a certain order which has been passed to his prejudice quashed, then the right must survive to his heirs, successors and legal representatives if such order is a hurdle in the way of any claim that may be made by them to the estate of the deceased workman. But the order impugned in this writ petition is not such an order. No rights have been determined by the Labour Court to the prejudice of the workman as might stand in the way of his heirs, successors and legal representatives in making a claim in an appropriate forum. All that the Labour Court has done is to decline to adjudicate upon such rights and ordered the return of the application to the workman. It will not be necessary for the heirs, successors and legal representatives of the deceased petitioner to have the aforesaid order set aside before taking appropriate proceedings in an appropriate forum. In these circumstances and in view of the fact that the heirs, successors and regal representatives of a deceased workman are not entitled either to continue or to make an application under [SECTION] of the Act, we hold that this writ petition does not survive. We, therefore, dismiss it. In view of the fact that the writ petition is being dismissed on this technicality, we make no order as to costs.