PETITIONER: COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX Vs. RESPONDENT: S. N. A. S. A. ANNAMALAI CHETTIAR DATE OF JUDGMENT27/09/1972 BENCH: [ENTITY], [ENTITY]: [ENTITY], [ENTITY], [ENTITY], [ENTITY], HANS RAJ CITATION: 1973 AIR 1032 1973 SCR (2) 460 1973 SCC (3) 339 ACT: [ACT] S. 10 (1) Business loss Business carried on in war zone Damage to property during war If could be given deduction to as business loss. HEADNOTE: The assessee, who was carrying on business in Malaya which was within the war zone, suffered damages to property during the war on account of bombing. The loss in question was loss of stock-in-trade. On the question whether the loss could be given deduction to as a business loss in computing the net income of assessee under [SECTION] of the [ACT]. HELD : On the facts and circumstance of the case the loss occurred must be taken to be a loss incidental to the business carried on by the assessee during the war. If the assessee had earned any profits cut of his business during the war the department undoubtedly have to consider those profits as assessable income. When loss had occurred in such situation the department cannot contend that the loss in question must not be a business loss. A loss of stock-in-trade occasioned by enemy action must be considered as a trade loss. [461 F] Bombay High Court in [PRECEDENT], [PRECEDENT], [PRECEDENT] and [PRECEDENT], referred to. JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: [CASE NUMBER]. Appeal by Special Leave from the judgment and order dated April 27, 1967 of the Madras High Court in [CASE NUMBER].
[ENTITY], [ENTITY] and [ENTITY], for the appellant.
[ENTITY], [ENTITY] and [ENTITY], for the respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by [ENTITY], J. This appeal by special leave arises from a decision of the Madras High Court in a reference under [SECTION] of the [ACT] (to be hereinafter referred to as the Act). As demanded by the assessee the Tribunal submitted the statement of the case to the High Court seeking its opinion on the question "whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the loss of Rs. 1,93.750/- was an allowable deduction under [SECTION] of the [ACT]?"
Material facts are these The assessee respondent was a member of a Hindu undivided family which carried on money lending business in India and abroad. In the course of such money lending business, properties were taken over in settlement of debts as and when occasion arose. The family was disrupted on March 28, 1939. The assessee received some shares in some companies, properties and gardens and certain other items in Malaya. Even after the partition the assesses continued the money lending business in Malaya. During the war, in general with others, the assessee suffered damages to these properties on account of Japanese bombing. This loss occurred on account of bombing in December, 1941, a date falling within the accounting period ending on April 12, 1942, relevant for the assessment year 1942-43. This loss was claimed as a business loss. The Income Tax Officer rejected that claim. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner affirmed the order of the Income Tax Officer-. The assessee did not succeed before the Tribunal as well. The Tribunal rejected the claim of the assessee on the sole ground that bombing, which caused the loss, was not incidental to the business of the assessee. The Tribunal held that the loss in question was a loss of stock-in-trade. That finding of the Tribunal has not been challenged. Hence we have to proceed on the basis that the loss caused to the assessee was a loss of stock-in- trade.
It was contended on behalf of the department that the loss in question cannot be given deduction to, as a business loss, in computing the net income of the assessee under [SECTION]. According to the department that was not a loss incidental to the business carried on by the assessee. We are unable to appreciate the contention of the department. It is established that the assessee was carrying on business in Malaya when the war was going on. Malaya was within the war zone and, therefore, there was every possibility of that area being bombed. If the assessee had earned any profits out of his business during the war, the department undoubtedly would have considered those profits as assessable income. It is strange that when loss had occurred in such a situation the department should contend that the loss in question was not a business loss. In our opinion, taking into consideration the facts and circumstances of the case, the loss occurred must be held to be a loss incidental to the business carried in by the assessee in Malaya during the war.
We are fortified in our conclusion by the decision of the Bombay High Court in [PRECEDENT]. The facts of that case are some-
(1) 34 I.T.R. 64.
what similar to the facts before us. The assessee therein, which had its head office in Bombay and branches in various parts of the world, claimed deduction of the losses resulting from the destruction of its stock in trade in three foreign branches, at Manila, Saigon and Kuala Lumpur, by enemy invasion, in computing its profits and gains for the purpose of income-tax. The department resisted that claim but the High Court held that the losses in question were trading losses. This decision of the High Court was cited with approval by this Court in [PRECEDENT], In this connection we may also refer to two English decisions. The first case is [PRECEDENT]. The facts of that case were as follows :
A fire occurred on the company's premises in August, 1921, and destroyed timber the written down value of which in the company's books was pound 160,824; the company's valuation of its stock based on cost or market value whichever was the lower, had been accepted for purposes of taxation. The timber had 'been insured for many years and the company had been allowed to deduct the insurance premises in computing its assessable profits. In due course the company received from the insurers a sum of pound 477,838 representing the replacement value of the destroyed timber, but only a small part of this timber was in fact replaced because the current demand was for timber of a different character. The company accordingly credited in its profit and loss account as a trading receipt only pound 160,824 of the insurance payment; the balance did not appear in the profit and loss account but was entered as a reserve in the balance sheet. The Special Commissioners held that no part of the sum of pound 477,838 recovered from the insurers was a trading receipt. But the House of Lords held that the whole sum recovered was trading receipt to be taken into account in computing the profits assessable to Income Tax under [SECTION] and to Corporation Profits Tax. This court in [PRECEDENT]'s case (supra) quoting that decision with approval observed. "If receipt from an insurance company towards loss of stock was a trading receipt, conversely to the extent of the loss not so recouped it should be trading loss."
Next we shall refer to the decision of the Court of Appeal in [PRECEDENT] The facts of that case were as follows :
The assessee were paying compulsory war damage contributions during the war in respect of the properties in which they were dealing. They received payments under the [ACT], in respect of the properties damaged by enemy action.
(1) 55 I.T.R. 707 (2) 14 Tax Cases 364.
(3) [1957] 1 All England Reports 377.
They disposed of some of the properties but retained others as part of their stock-in-trade and either were having them rebuilt or would have them rebuilt. Under the [ACT], contributions made and indemnities given under Part I were to be treated for all purposes as outgoings of a capital nature and expenditure on making good war damage was not deductible in computing profits for income tax purposes. On the question whether the value payments should be included in the receipts of the taxpayers' trade for the purpose of their assessments to income under [SECTION] and to profit tax, the Court of Appeal held that the value payments should properly be treated as part of the taxpayers' trading receipts, since they were money into which their stock-in-trade had been converted. This decision is an authority for the proposition that the compensation received in lieu of loss, of stock-in-trade as a result of enemy action is a trading receipt conversely a loss of stock-in-trade occasioned by enemy action must be considered, as a trading loss.
For the reasons mentioned above we agree with the conclu- sions reached by the High Court and see no merit in this appeal. It is accordingly dismissed with costs.
K.B.N. Appeal dismissed.