Definitions and interpretation.
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, a Appellate Board means the Appellate Board established under section 83 b assignment means an assignment in writing by act of the parties concerned c associated trade marks means trade marks deemed to be, or required to be, registered as associated trade marks under this Act d Bench means a Bench of the Appellate Board e certification trade mark means a mark capable of distinguishing the goods or services in connection with which it is used in the course of trade which are certified by the proprietor of the mark in respect of origin, material, mode of manufacture of goods or performance of services, quality, accuracy or other characteristics from goods or services not so certified and registrable as such under Chapter IX in respect of those goods or services in the name, as proprietor of the certification trade mark, of that person f Chairman means the Chairman of the Appellate Board g collective mark means a trade mark distinguishing the goods or services of members of an association of persons not being a partnership within the meaning of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 9 of 1932 which is the proprietor of the mark from those of others h deceptively similar.A mark shall be deemed to be deceptively similar to another mark if it so nearly resembles that other mark as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion i false trade description means I a trade description which is untrue or misleading in a material respect as regards the goods or services to which it is applied or II any alteration of a trade description as regards the goods or services to which it is applied, whether by way of addition, effacement or otherwise, where that alteration makes the description untrue or misleading in a material respect or III any trade description which denotes or implies that there are contained, as regards the goods to which it is applied, more yards or metres than there are contained therein standard yards or standard metres or IV any marks or arrangement or combination thereof when applied a to goods in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the goods are the manufacture or merchandise of some person other than the person whose merchandise or manufacture they really are b in relation to services in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the services are provided or rendered by some person other than the person whose services they really are or V any false name or initials of a person applied to goods or services in such manner as if such name or initials were a trade description in any case where the name or initials a is or are not a trade mark or part of a trade mark and b is or are identical with or deceptively similar to the name or initials of a person carrying on business in connection with goods or services of the same description or both and who has not authorised the use of such name or initials and c is or are either the name or initials of a fictitious person or some person not bona fide carrying on business in connection with such goods or services, and the fact that a trade description is a trade mark or part of a trade mark shall not prevent such trade description being a false trade description within the meaning of this Act j goods means anything which is the subject of trade or manufacture k Judicial Member means a Member of the Appellate Board appointed as such under this Act, and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman l limitations with its grammatical variations means any limitation of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by the registration of a person as proprietor thereof, including limitations of that right as to mode or area of use within India or outside India m mark includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape of goods, packaging or combination of colours or any combination thereof n Member means a Judicial Member or a Technical Member of the Appellate Board and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman o name includes any abbreviation of a name p notify means to notify in the Trade Mark Journal published by the Registrar q package includes any case, box, container, covering, folder, receptacle, vessel, casket, bottle, wrapper, label, band, ticket, reel, frame, capsule, cap, lid, stopper and cork r permitted use, in relation to a registered trade mark, means the use of trade mark i by a registered user of the trade mark in relation to goods or services a with which he is connected in the course of trade and b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and c for which he is registered as registered user and d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which the registration of registered user is subject or ii by a person other than the registered proprietor and registered user in relation to goods or services a with which he is connected in the course of trade and b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and c by consent of such registered proprietor in a written agreement and d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which such user is subject and to which the registration of the trade mark is subject s prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act t register means the Register of Trade Marks referred to in sub-section 1 of section 6 u registered with its grammatical variations means registered under this Act v registered proprietor, in relation to a trade mark, means the person for the time being entered in the register as proprietor of the trade mark w registered trade mark means a trade mark which is actually on the register and remaining in force x registered user means a person who is for the time being registered as such under section 49 y Registrar means the Registrar of Trade Marks referred to in section 3 z service means service of any description which is made available to potential users and includes the provision of services in connection with business of any industrial or commercial matters such as banking, communication, education, financing, insurance, chit funds, real estate, transport, storage, material treatment, processing, supply of electrical or other energy, boarding, lodging, entertainment, amusement, construction, repair, conveying of news or information and advertising za trade description means any description, statement or other indication, direct or indirect, i as to the number, quantity, measure, gauge or weight of any goods or ii as to the standard of quality of any goods or services according to a classification commonly used or recognised in the trade or iii as to fitness for the purpose, strength, performance or behaviour of any goods, being drug as defined in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 23 of 1940 , or food as defined in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 37 of 1954 or iv as to the place or country in which or the time at which any goods or services were made, produced or provided, as the case may be or v as to the name and address or other indication of the identity of the manufacturer or of the person providing the services or of the person for whom the goods are manufactured or services are provided or vi as to the mode of manufacture or producing any goods or providing services or vii as to the material of which any goods are composed or viii as to any goods being the subject of an existing patent, privilege or copyright, and includes a any description as to the use of any mark which according to the custom of the trade is commonly taken to be an indication of any of the above matters b the description as to any imported goods contained in any bill of entry or shipping bill c any other description which is likely to be misunderstood or mistaken for all or any of the said matters zb trade mark means a mark capable of being represented graphically and which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one person from those of others and may include shape of goods, their packaging and combination of colours and i in relation to Chapter XII other than section 107 , a registered trade mark or a mark used in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods or services, as the case may be, and some person having the right as proprietor to use the mark and ii in relation to other provisions of this Act, a mark used or proposed to be used in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating or so to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods or services, as the case may be, and some person having the right, either as proprietor or by way of permitted user, to use the mark whether with or without any indication of the identity of that person, and includes a certification trade mark or collective mark zc transmission means transmission by operation of law, devolution on the personal representative of a deceased person and any other mode of transfer, not being assignment zd Technical Member means a Member who is not a Judicial Member ze tribunal means the Registrar or, as the case may be, the Appellate Board, before which the proceeding concerned is pending zf Vice-Chairman means a Vice-Chairman of the Appellate Board zg well-known trade mark, in relation to any goods or services, means a mark which has become so to the substantial segment of the public which uses such goods or receives such services that the use of such mark in relation to other goods or services would be likely to be taken as indicating a connection in the course of trade or rendering of services between those goods or services and a person using the mark in relation to the first-mentioned goods or services.
Appellate Board means the Appellate Board established under section 83
b assignment means an assignment in writing by act of the parties concerned
c associated trade marks means trade marks deemed to be, or required to be, registered as associated trade marks under this Act
Bench means a Bench of the Appellate Board
e certification trade mark means a mark capable of distinguishing the goods or services in connection with which it is used in the course of trade which are certified by the proprietor of the mark in respect of origin, material, mode of manufacture of goods or performance of services, quality, accuracy or other characteristics from goods or services not so certified and registrable as such under Chapter IX in respect of those goods or services in the name, as proprietor of the certification trade mark, of that person
Chairman means the Chairman of the Appellate Board
g collective mark means a trade mark distinguishing the goods or services of members of an association of persons not being a partnership within the meaning of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 9 of 1932 which is the proprietor of the mark from those of others
h deceptively similar.A mark shall be deemed to be deceptively similar to another mark if it so nearly resembles that other mark as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion
false trade description means I a trade description which is untrue or misleading in a material respect as regards the goods or services to which it is applied or II any alteration of a trade description as regards the goods or services to which it is applied, whether by way of addition, effacement or otherwise, where that alteration makes the description untrue or misleading in a material respect or III any trade description which denotes or implies that there are contained, as regards the goods to which it is applied, more yards or metres than there are contained therein standard yards or standard metres or IV any marks or arrangement or combination thereof when applied a to goods in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the goods are the manufacture or merchandise of some person other than the person whose merchandise or manufacture they really are b in relation to services in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the services are provided or rendered by some person other than the person whose services they really are or V any false name or initials of a person applied to goods or services in such manner as if such name or initials were a trade description in any case where the name or initials a is or are not a trade mark or part of a trade mark and b is or are identical with or deceptively similar to the name or initials of a person carrying on business in connection with goods or services of the same description or both and who has not authorised the use of such name or initials and c is or are either the name or initials of a fictitious person or some person not bona fide carrying on business in connection with such goods or services, and the fact that a trade description is a trade mark or part of a trade mark shall not prevent such trade description being a false trade description within the meaning of this Act j goods means anything which is the subject of trade or manufacture k Judicial Member means a Member of the Appellate Board appointed as such under this Act, and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman l limitations with its grammatical variations means any limitation of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by the registration of a person as proprietor thereof, including limitations of that right as to mode or area of use within India or outside India m mark includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape of goods, packaging or combination of colours or any combination thereof n Member means a Judicial Member or a Technical Member of the Appellate Board and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman o name includes any abbreviation of a name p notify means to notify in the Trade Mark Journal published by the Registrar q package includes any case, box, container, covering, folder, receptacle, vessel, casket, bottle, wrapper, label, band, ticket, reel, frame, capsule, cap, lid, stopper and cork r permitted use, in relation to a registered trade mark, means the use of trade mark i by a registered user of the trade mark in relation to goods or services a with which he is connected in the course of trade and b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and c for which he is registered as registered user and d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which the registration of registered user is subject or ii by a person other than the registered proprietor and registered user in relation to goods or services a with which he is connected in the course of trade and b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and c by consent of such registered proprietor in a written agreement and d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which such user is subject and to which the registration of the trade mark is subject s prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act t register means the Register of Trade Marks referred to in sub-section 1 of section 6 u registered with its grammatical variations means registered under this Act v registered proprietor, in relation to a trade mark, means the person for the time being entered in the register as proprietor of the trade mark w registered trade mark means a trade mark which is actually on the register and remaining in force x registered user means a person who is for the time being registered as such under section 49 y Registrar means the Registrar of Trade Marks referred to in section 3 z service means service of any description which is made available to potential users and includes the provision of services in connection with business of any industrial or commercial matters such as banking, communication, education, financing, insurance, chit funds, real estate, transport, storage, material treatment, processing, supply of electrical or other energy, boarding, lodging, entertainment, amusement, construction, repair, conveying of news or information and advertising za trade description means any description, statement or other indication, direct or indirect, i as to the number, quantity, measure, gauge or weight of any goods or ii as to the standard of quality of any goods or services according to a classification commonly used or recognised in the trade or iii as to fitness for the purpose, strength, performance or behaviour of any goods, being drug as defined in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 23 of 1940 , or food as defined in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 37 of 1954 or iv as to the place or country in which or the time at which any goods or services were made, produced or provided, as the case may be or v as to the name and address or other indication of the identity of the manufacturer or of the person providing the services or of the person for whom the goods are manufactured or services are provided or vi as to the mode of manufacture or producing any goods or providing services or vii as to the material of which any goods are composed or viii as to any goods being the subject of an existing patent, privilege or copyright, and includes a any description as to the use of any mark which according to the custom of the trade is commonly taken to be an indication of any of the above matters b the description as to any imported goods contained in any bill of entry or shipping bill c any other description which is likely to be misunderstood or mistaken for all or any of the said matters zb trade mark means a mark capable of being represented graphically and which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one person from those of others and may include shape of goods, their packaging and combination of colours and i in relation to Chapter XII other than section 107 , a registered trade mark or a mark used in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods or services, as the case may be, and some person having the right as proprietor to use the mark and ii in relation to other provisions of this Act, a mark used or proposed to be used in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating or so to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods or services, as the case may be, and some person having the right, either as proprietor or by way of permitted user, to use the mark whether with or without any indication of the identity of that person, and includes a certification trade mark or collective mark
I a trade description which is untrue or misleading in a material respect as regards the goods or services to which it is applied or
II any alteration of a trade description as regards the goods or services to which it is applied, whether by way of addition, effacement or otherwise, where that alteration makes the description untrue or misleading in a material respect or
III any trade description which denotes or implies that there are contained, as regards the goods to which it is applied, more yards or metres than there are contained therein standard yards or standard metres or
IV any marks or arrangement or combination thereof when applied a to goods in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the goods are the manufacture or merchandise of some person other than the person whose merchandise or manufacture they really are b in relation to services in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the services are provided or rendered by some person other than the person whose services they really are or
a to goods in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the goods are the manufacture or merchandise of some person other than the person whose merchandise or manufacture they really are
b in relation to services in such a manner as to be likely to lead persons to believe that the services are provided or rendered by some person other than the person whose services they really are or
V any false name or initials of a person applied to goods or services in such manner as if such name or initials were a trade description in any case where the name or initials a is or are not a trade mark or part of a trade mark and b is or are identical with or deceptively similar to the name or initials of a person carrying on business in connection with goods or services of the same description or both and who has not authorised the use of such name or initials and c is or are either the name or initials of a fictitious person or some person not bona fide carrying on business in connection with such goods or services, and the fact that a trade description is a trade mark or part of a trade mark shall not prevent such trade description being a false trade description within the meaning of this Act j goods means anything which is the subject of trade or manufacture k Judicial Member means a Member of the Appellate Board appointed as such under this Act, and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman l limitations with its grammatical variations means any limitation of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by the registration of a person as proprietor thereof, including limitations of that right as to mode or area of use within India or outside India m mark includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape of goods, packaging or combination of colours or any combination thereof n Member means a Judicial Member or a Technical Member of the Appellate Board and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman o name includes any abbreviation of a name p notify means to notify in the Trade Mark Journal published by the Registrar q package includes any case, box, container, covering, folder, receptacle, vessel, casket, bottle, wrapper, label, band, ticket, reel, frame, capsule, cap, lid, stopper and cork r permitted use, in relation to a registered trade mark, means the use of trade mark
a is or are not a trade mark or part of a trade mark and
b is or are identical with or deceptively similar to the name or initials of a person carrying on business in connection with goods or services of the same description or both and who has not authorised the use of such name or initials and
c is or are either the name or initials of a fictitious person or some person not bona fide carrying on business in connection with such goods or services, and the fact that a trade description is a trade mark or part of a trade mark shall not prevent such trade description being a false trade description within the meaning of this Act
j goods means anything which is the subject of trade or manufacture
Judicial Member means a Member of the Appellate Board appointed as such under this Act, and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman
l limitations with its grammatical variations means any limitation of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by the registration of a person as proprietor thereof, including limitations of that right as to mode or area of use within India or outside India
m mark includes a device, brand, heading, label, ticket, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape of goods, packaging or combination of colours or any combination thereof
Member means a Judicial Member or a Technical Member of the Appellate Board and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman
o name includes any abbreviation of a name
p notify means to notify in the Trade Mark Journal published by the Registrar
q package includes any case, box, container, covering, folder, receptacle, vessel, casket, bottle, wrapper, label, band, ticket, reel, frame, capsule, cap, lid, stopper and cork
r permitted use, in relation to a registered trade mark, means the use of trade mark
by a registered user of the trade mark in relation to goods or services a with which he is connected in the course of trade and b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and c for which he is registered as registered user and d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which the registration of registered user is subject or
a with which he is connected in the course of trade and
b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and
c for which he is registered as registered user and
d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which the registration of registered user is subject or
by a person other than the registered proprietor and registered user in relation to goods or services a with which he is connected in the course of trade and b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and c by consent of such registered proprietor in a written agreement and d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which such user is subject and to which the registration of the trade mark is subject s prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act t register means the Register of Trade Marks referred to in sub-section 1 of section 6 u registered with its grammatical variations means registered under this Act v registered proprietor, in relation to a trade mark, means the person for the time being entered in the register as proprietor of the trade mark w registered trade mark means a trade mark which is actually on the register and remaining in force x registered user means a person who is for the time being registered as such under section 49 y Registrar means the Registrar of Trade Marks referred to in section 3 z service means service of any description which is made available to potential users and includes the provision of services in connection with business of any industrial or commercial matters such as banking, communication, education, financing, insurance, chit funds, real estate, transport, storage, material treatment, processing, supply of electrical or other energy, boarding, lodging, entertainment, amusement, construction, repair, conveying of news or information and advertising za trade description means any description, statement or other indication, direct or indirect,
a with which he is connected in the course of trade and
b in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time being and
c by consent of such registered proprietor in a written agreement and
d which complies with any conditions or limitations to which such user is subject and to which the registration of the trade mark is subject
s prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act
t register means the Register of Trade Marks referred to in sub-section 1 of section 6
u registered with its grammatical variations means registered under this Act
registered proprietor, in relation to a trade mark, means the person for the time being entered in the register as proprietor of the trade mark
w registered trade mark means a trade mark which is actually on the register and remaining in force
registered user means a person who is for the time being registered as such under section 49
Registrar means the Registrar of Trade Marks referred to in section 3
z service means service of any description which is made available to potential users and includes the provision of services in connection with business of any industrial or commercial matters such as banking, communication, education, financing, insurance, chit funds, real estate, transport, storage, material treatment, processing, supply of electrical or other energy, boarding, lodging, entertainment, amusement, construction, repair, conveying of news or information and advertising
za trade description means any description, statement or other indication, direct or indirect,
as to the number, quantity, measure, gauge or weight of any goods or
as to the standard of quality of any goods or services according to a classification commonly used or recognised in the trade or
as to fitness for the purpose, strength, performance or behaviour of any goods, being drug as defined in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 23 of 1940 , or food as defined in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 37 of 1954 or
as to the place or country in which or the time at which any goods or services were made, produced or provided, as the case may be or
as to the name and address or other indication of the identity of the manufacturer or of the person providing the services or of the person for whom the goods are manufactured or services are provided or
as to the mode of manufacture or producing any goods or providing services or
as to the material of which any goods are composed or
as to any goods being the subject of an existing patent, privilege or copyright, and includes a any description as to the use of any mark which according to the custom of the trade is commonly taken to be an indication of any of the above matters b the description as to any imported goods contained in any bill of entry or shipping bill c any other description which is likely to be misunderstood or mistaken for all or any of the said matters zb trade mark means a mark capable of being represented graphically and which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one person from those of others and may include shape of goods, their packaging and combination of colours and
a any description as to the use of any mark which according to the custom of the trade is commonly taken to be an indication of any of the above matters
b the description as to any imported goods contained in any bill of entry or shipping bill
c any other description which is likely to be misunderstood or mistaken for all or any of the said matters
zb trade mark means a mark capable of being represented graphically and which is capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one person from those of others and may include shape of goods, their packaging and combination of colours and
in relation to Chapter XII other than section 107 , a registered trade mark or a mark used in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods or services, as the case may be, and some person having the right as proprietor to use the mark and
in relation to other provisions of this Act, a mark used or proposed to be used in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating or so to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods or services, as the case may be, and some person having the right, either as proprietor or by way of permitted user, to use the mark whether with or without any indication of the identity of that person, and includes a certification trade mark or collective mark
zc transmission means transmission by operation of law, devolution on the personal representative of a deceased person and any other mode of transfer, not being assignment
zd Technical Member means a Member who is not a Judicial Member
ze tribunal means the Registrar or, as the case may be, the Appellate Board, before which the proceeding concerned is pending
zf Vice-Chairman means a Vice-Chairman of the Appellate Board
zg well-known trade mark, in relation to any goods or services, means a mark which has become so to the substantial segment of the public which uses such goods or receives such services that the use of such mark in relation to other goods or services would be likely to be taken as indicating a connection in the course of trade or rendering of services between those goods or services and a person using the mark in relation to the first-mentioned goods or services.
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference a to trade mark shall include reference to collective mark or certification trade mark b to the use of a mark shall be construed as a reference to the use of printed or other visual representation of the mark c to the use of a mark, i in relation to goods, shall be construed as a reference to the use of the mark upon, or in any physical or in any other relation whatsoever, to such goods ii in relation to services, shall be construed as a reference to the use of the mark as or as part of any statement about the availability, provision or performance of such services d to the Registrar shall be construed as including a reference to any officer when discharging the functions of the Registrar in pursuance of sub-section 2 of section 3 e to the Trade Marks Registry shall be construed as including a reference to any office of the Trade Marks Registry.
a to trade mark shall include reference to collective mark or certification trade mark
b to the use of a mark shall be construed as a reference to the use of printed or other visual representation of the mark
c to the use of a mark, i in relation to goods, shall be construed as a reference to the use of the mark upon, or in any physical or in any other relation whatsoever, to such goods ii in relation to services, shall be construed as a reference to the use of the mark as or as part of any statement about the availability, provision or performance of such services
in relation to goods, shall be construed as a reference to the use of the mark upon, or in any physical or in any other relation whatsoever, to such goods
in relation to services, shall be construed as a reference to the use of the mark as or as part of any statement about the availability, provision or performance of such services
d to the Registrar shall be construed as including a reference to any officer when discharging the functions of the Registrar in pursuance of sub-section 2 of section 3
e to the Trade Marks Registry shall be construed as including a reference to any office of the Trade Marks Registry.
For the purposes of this Act, goods and services are associated with each other if it is likely that those goods might be sold or otherwise traded in and those services might be provided by the same business and so with descriptions of goods and descriptions of services.
For the purposes of this Act, existing registered trade mark means a trade mark registered under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 43 of 1958 immediately before the commencement of this Act.