Case: Padmaraja & Another Vs. Dhanavathi & Others

Hegde, J.1. This is an appeal by special leave. Defendants 34 and 35 in the suit are the appellants. The suit from which this appeal arises is a suit for partition under the Madras Aliyasantana Act, 1949 (Madras Act IX of 1949) which will hereinafter be referred to as the Act)2. The two questions that arise for decision in this appeal are : (1) whether under the award decree Exh. A-2, the kutumba (family) of the plaintiffs and the defendants stood partitioned and (2) if the answer to first question is in the negative whether the said award decree comes within the scope of Section 36(6) of the Act3. The plaintiffs and the defendants were governed by the Aliyasantana law of inheritance. It is a matriarchal system of law. One Pammadi was the prepositor of the family. She had two daughters by name Pammakke and Dejappe and three sons, viz. Kanthu Hegde, Monu Hegde and Manjappa Hegde. After the death of Pammadi, differences arose in the family. Hence all the Major members of the family excepting one Brahamiah referred those disputes to the arbitration of four arbitrators by means of a mutchallika, dated December 14, 1886. By the time this mutchallika was executed, two of the sons of Pammadi, Kanthu Hegde and Monu Hegde had died. At that time, in the Kutumba there were only two santhathi kavaru, viz. Pammakke and Dejappe and one nissanthathi kavaru namely Manjappa Hegde in existence (reference to santhathi kavaru and nissanthathi kavaru is as defined in the Act). The arbitrators divided the kutumba properties into two parts : one part was allotted to the share of Pammakkes Kavaru and the other part to Dejappes Kavaru and Manjappa Hedge. Manhjappa Hedge was clubbed alongwith the kavaru of Dejappe (reference to kavaru is as defied in the Act). On June 14, 1953, all the members of the kavaru of Pammakke brought a suit for partition of the suit properties under Section 35 of the Act. The appellants and some other members of the kavaru of Dejappe resisted the suit mainly on the ground that the kutumba had been partitioned under Ext. A-2. They contended that the said document either evidences a partition or at any rate the arrangement made thereunder is a deemed partition coming within the scope of Section 36(6) of Act. The Trial Court came to the conclusion that under the Award in question the kutumba properties were partitioned. Alternatively it held that Ex. A-2 is covered by Section 36(6). In appeal a Division Bench of the High Court of Mysore reversed the judgment and decree of the Trial Court. It held that Ext. A-2 does not evidence a partition. It further came to the conclusion that the same is not covered by Section 36(6) as Ext. A-2 was an award decree and not a mere award. Dissatisfied with the judgment of the High Court, defendants 34 and 35 have brought this appeal4. The findings of the High Court as regards the true nature of Ext. A-2 were challenged before us on behalf of the appellants by Mr. K. N. Bhatt. Before proceeding to consider the contentions of the parties, it is necessary to refer, in brief, to the customary Aliyasantana law. Under that law inheritance is traced through the female line. Under that law, as interpreted by court partition was impermissible except with the consent of all family. The senior-most member of the family be it a male or a female was a Yejman or Yejmanthi of the family. With the passage of time, the members of the Aliyasantana kutumbas increased and kutumbas became unwieldy and joint living became intolerable. In order to mitigate these difficulties, three types of arrangements came to be made in those kutumbas. By and large the Yejman or Yejmanthi of the family made maintenance allotments (maintenance under the Aliyasantana is a mode of participation in the family properties). This type of arrangement was purely temporary in character. It was open to Yejman or Yejmanthi to resume the properties allotted for maintenance to the junior members and make alternative arrangements for their maintenance. Another type of arrangement that came to be made was permanent arrangement for maintenance. This was ordinarily done on kavaru basis. Under this arrangement, jointness of the family was kept intact but arrangement was made for separate living and separate management of kutumba properties on a permanent basis. Such arrangements ordinarily were not capable of being disturbed except with the consent of all the adult members of the kutumba. Lastly, there are few cases of partition with the consent or concurrence of all the adult members of the kutumba. Hence when the Act came into force in addition to joint living by the members of the kutumbas, aforementioned types of arrangements were in existence in various kutumbas. Under Section 35 of the Act power was given to kavarus, santhathi or nissanthathi to claim partition but those permanent arrangements which came within the scope of Section 36(6) were deemed to be partitions despite the fact that under those arrangements the jointness of the kutumba was kept intact. In Gummanna Shetty and Others v. Nagaveniemma (1967 3 SCR 932 : AIR 1967 SC 1595 : 1968 1 SCJ 269.), this Court while dealing with an arrangement in a Aliyasantana family entered into in the year 1900, observed"In 1900, when this deed was executed, one or more members of a joint family governed by the Aliyasantana law of inheritance had no right to claim partition of the joint family properties but by a family arrangement entered into with the consent of all its members, the properties could be divided and separately enjoyed. In such families, an arrangement for separate possession and enjoyment without actual disruption of the family was common. An arrangement for separate enjoyment did not effect a disruption of the family, unless it completely extinguished the community of interest in the family properties."5. Analysing the scope of Section 36(6), this Court, approving the decision of the Madras High Court in Kaveri v. Ganga Ratna (1956 1 MLJ 98.) , held that the following conditions should be satisfied before a document can be considered as coming within the scope of Section 36(6) -(1) there is a registered family settlement or award;(2) all the major members of the kutumba are parties to it;(3) the whole of the kutumba properties have been or were intended or purport to have been distributed under it; and(4) the distribution is among all the kavarus of the kutumba for their separate and absolute enjoyment in perpetuity6. There is no difficulty about temporary arrangements for maintenance. These arrangements could not come in the way of effecting partition in a kutumba. Similarly if the jointness of the kutumba had been disrupted, there is no question of claiming any partition as there is no kutumba in existence. The application of Section 36(6) arises only when the case does not fall either under the first category or the second. In constructing karars (agreements) evidencing permanent arrangements, we must bear in mind the ordinary principles of construction of documents. The first is that the whole document must be read and construed. The court must have regard to the declared object of the document which is often contained in the preamble but the title given to a document is not conclusive. It is observed in Mr. Sundara Ayyars Malabar Law that "arrangements for maintenance will not ordinarily be viewed as permanent arrangements through it is not impossible that there should be such arrangements. Division for enjoyment short of partition that are sometimes entered into are of this character"7. The characteristics of such documents were considered exhaustively by Somayya, J., in Ammalu Amma v. Vasu Menon (AIR 1944 Mad. 108 .). Therein the learned judge observed"No doubt it may not be common but if on a reading of the entire document, there are clauses which are entirely inconsistent with an out and out partition, the Courts are bound to construe the document as a maintenance arrangement even though it is stated to be a permanent arrangement."8. Bearing in mind the principles enunciated by a long chain of decisions, we shall first examine whether Ext. A-2 can be considered as a document affecting a partition. In considering that question we have to primarily see whether in Ext. A-2, there are clauses which are entirely inconsistent with, out and out partition9. Ext. A-2 came to be rendered on the strength of a mutchallika executed by most of the members of the kutumba in favour of three arbitrators on December 14, 1886, because of the dispute that had arisen in the family about the enjoyment of the kutumba properties. It is also clear from that mutchallika that some members of the family had serious complaints against the Yejman of the family, Adu Hegde. The mutchallika authorised the arbitrators to decide the disputes that had arisen "in accordance with our Aliyasantana Kattu, in a manner which you deem fit." Aliyasantana Kattu, i.e. Aliyasantana law of inheritance did not provide, as mentioned earlier, for compulsory partition. The arbitrators undoubtedly came to the conclusion that it was difficult for the large family to live together. It is also clear from the award that the parties had agreed to "enjoy kutumba properties by living separately". They had also agreed for the separation (vingada) of the kutumba properties. As per the authority given to the arbitrators, the arbitrators were not required to divide kutumba properties on kavaru basis. They could have put together some members of one kavaru with some members of another kavaru. But the arbitrators thought "that if the members of two kavarus are mixed together, in future the properties would be spent, on account of mutual disputes existing between them, and that unless the responsibility of income and loss in the kavaru is pinned on the kavaru having more members, to some extent, all the members will not bestow labour properly"10. That was the reason why they divided the properties primarily between two kavarus. It is true that the arbitrators divided the family debts into two parts and each kavaru was asked to discharge the then existing debts from out of the income of the properties that were allotted to its shares. But at the same time Adu Hegde continued to be Yejman of the entire kutumba. Members of each kavaru were prohibited from incurring debts on behalf of the kutumba. Further till the existing debts were discharged, the member of Pammakke kavaru were asked to "show accounts in respect of their income and expenditure" to Adu Hegde. Ext. A-2 further says that "the members of the kutumba should live in different houses, by bestowing labour and without quarreling with each other as proper arrangements were made for the maintenance of the kutumba without disrupting its oneness". From this clause it is clear that the kutumba was not disrupted. The document further provides "both the kavarus should together conduct Havyas Kavyas and auspicious functions". The foregoing clauses clearly show that Ext. A-2 are not disrupt the kutumba though undoubtedly it made provision for the separate living of the kavarus, and for the separate enjoyment of the properties allotted to them. For these reasons we are in arrangement with the High Court that Ext. A-2 does not evidence a partition. The terms of Ext. A-2 are not similar to those that came up for consideration before the Madras High Court in Appa and Others v. Kachai Bayyan Kutti and Others (AIR 1932 Mad 689 .), or those that came up for decision by that High Court in Mudera and Others v. Muthu Hengan (AIR 1935 Mad 33 .). Each document has to be construed on its own terms. Terms of any two documents rarely, if at all are identical. Hence the construction placed on a particular document can hardly govern the construction of another document. There is no dispute as regards the principles governing the construction of documents11. This takes us to the question whether Ext. A-2 is covered by Section 36(6). That section reads"A registered family settlement (by whatever name called) or an award, to which all the major members of a kutumba are parties and under which the whole of the kutumba properties have been or were intended to be distributed, or purport to have been distributed, among all the kavarus of the kutumba for their separate and absolute enjoyment in perpetuity, shall be deemed to be a partition of the kutumba properties notwithstanding any terms to the contrary in such settlement or award."12. Evidently the legislature wanted to deem certain deeds under which perpetual arrangement had been made in the past for the maintenance of all the kavarus of a kutumba as partitions. The requirements of Sections 36(6) have been laid down by this Court as seen earlier in Gummanna Shettys case (supra). Therefore all that we have to see is whether the tests laid down by this Court in that decision are satisfied. The High Court having come to the conclusion that the first test was not satisfied rejected the contention of the plaintiffs that the deed Ext. A-2 comes within the scope of Section 36(6). It came to the conclusion that an award decree is not an award within the meaning of Section 36(6). In arriving at that conclusion, it relied on the decision of that Court in Parameshwari Hengsu and Others v. Venkappa Shetty and Others (1961 Mys LJ 686.). Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra) first came up for hearing before a Division Bench consisting of Sadasivayya and Mir Iqbal Husain, JJ. Sadasivayya, J., held that the expression "award" in Section 36(6) does not take in an award decree. But Iqbal Husain, J., differed from that view and opined that the term "award" includes also an ward decree. In view of that difference of opinion, the question whether the expression "award" includes an award decree was referred to Somnath Iyer, J. That learned judge agreed with the view taken by Sadasivayya, J. The decision in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra), was binding on the bench which heard this case. Hence naturally that controversy was not again gone into by the High Court in this case. The learned counsel for the appellants challenged the correctness of the decision of the Mysore High Court in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra). He contended that the expression "award" in Section 36(6) includes also an award decree. He urged that in the case of an award decree, the court merely accepts the award made and makes it a decree of the court and hence award decrees have also to be considered as awards for the purpose of Section 36(6). In examining the correctness of the conclusion reached by the Mysore High Court in Parameshwari Hengsus (supra), we must first examine the principle underlying Section 36(6). As mentioned earlier, the legislature was evidently anxious not to disturb certain permanent arrangements made in the kutumbas either by means of any registered family settlements or by awards. That being the case one fails to understand why the legislature should be held to have excluded from the scope of Section 36(6) award decrees while bringing within its scope awards. Dealing with this aspect both Sadasivayya, J., and Somnath Iyer, J., opined that "it is possible that with a view not to disturb finality resulting from a decree (of whatever kind) that the legislature intentionally refrained from referring to decrees in sub-section (6) thereby confining the scope of that sub-section only to the registered family settlements and awards expressly mentioned therein. If that be so, no court would be justified in equating an award to the decree passed on it"13. This reasoning appears to us to be fallacious. It be remembered the only decrees that could possibly have been included within the scope of Section 36(6) was award decrees. We have earlier noticed that compulsory partition was not permissible under the Aliyasantana law. Hence there could not have been any partition decrees, nor could there have been decree making permanent arrangements in the matter of enjoyment of kutumba properties in Aliyasantana kutumbas. We can think of no decree regulating the affairs of kutumba which cannot be disturbed under the Act. We agree with those learned judges that the principle underlying Section 36(6) was not to disturb the finality of arrangements made. That very principle runs counter to the reasoning adopted by those learned judges. If permanency of an arrangement is the principle underlying Section 36(6) that permanency of should be available in a larger measure to an award decree. On the other had if the view taken by those learned judges is correct, while Section 36(6) provides permanency for some awards, no such permanency is available to any award decree. Parties could enforce partition ignoring award decree while they are bound by awards. This could hardly have been the intention of the legislature. There is yet another compelling reason not to accept the majority view in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra). After the coming into force of the Arbitration Act, 1940, all awards had to be compulsorily made decrees of the courts if they were to have any force. The Act came into force in 1949. Many awards coming within the scope of Section 36(6) would have been made between 1940 and 1949. The legislature would not have denied to those awards the benefit of Sections 36(6). The basis of every award decree is an award decree is an award. Evidently the legislature by using the expression "award" intended to include both awards simpliciter as well as awards which had been made the decrees of courts. Whether we consider the principle underlying Section 36(6) or the language of Section 36(6), we see no justification to exclude award decree from the scope of Section 36(6). In our opinion Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra), in so far as it interpreted Section Section 36(6) has not been correctly decided. But that conclusion of ours does not help the appellants. One of the conditions that are necessary to be satisfied before a deed can be deemed to be a partition under Section 36(6) is that is must be shown that all the major members of the kutumba were parties to it. Admittedly Brahmiah did not join the mutchallika A-1 on the strength of which Ext. A-2, was rendered. In other words he was not a party to the award. But it was said on behalf of the appellants - the same view was taken by the learned trial judge that Brahmiah had acquiesced in the arrangements made under Ext. A-2. A person by merely submitting to an arrangement made may be bound by the arrangement but thereby he does not become a party to the arrangement. Herein we are dealing with a deemed partition and not an actual partition. Before an arrangement can be deemed to be a partition under Section 36(6), all the conditions prescribed under that provision should be fully satisfied. In such a case, substantial compliance with the provision is not sufficient14. As we are of the opinion that all the major members of the kutumba were not parties to Ex. A-2, it is not necessary to examine whether the remaining conditions prescribed under Section 36(6) were satisfied.

Decision:
0[ds]12. Evidently the legislature wanted to deem certain deeds under which perpetual arrangement had been made in the past for the maintenance of all the kavarus of a kutumba as partitions. The requirements of Sections 36(6) have been laid down by this Court as seen earlier in Gummanna Shettys case (supra). Therefore all that we have to see is whether the tests laid down by this Court in that decision are satisfied. The High Court having come to the conclusion that the first test was not satisfied rejected the contention of the plaintiffs that the deed Ext. A-2 comes within the scope of Section 36(6). It came to the conclusion that an award decree is not an award within the meaning of Section 36(6). In arriving at that conclusion, it relied on the decision of that Court in Parameshwari Hengsu and Others v. Venkappa Shetty and Others (1961 Mys LJ 686.). Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra) first came up for hearing before a Division Bench consisting of Sadasivayya and Mir Iqbal Husain, JJ. Sadasivayya, J., held that the expression "award" in Section 36(6) does not take in an award decree. But Iqbal Husain, J., differed from that view and opined that the term "award" includes also an ward decree. In view of that difference of opinion, the question whether the expression "award" includes an award decree was referred to Somnath Iyer, J. That learned judge agreed with the view taken by Sadasivayya, J. The decision in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra), was binding on the bench which heard this case. Hence naturally that controversy was not again gone into by the High Court in this case. The learned counsel for the appellants challenged the correctness of the decision of the Mysore High Court in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra). He contended that the expression "award" in Section 36(6) includes also an award decree. He urged that in the case of an award decree, the court merely accepts the award made and makes it a decree of the court and hence award decrees have also to be considered as awards for the purpose of Section 36(6). In examining the correctness of the conclusion reached by the Mysore High Court in Parameshwari Hengsus (supra), we must first examine the principle underlying Section 36(6). As mentioned earlier, the legislature was evidently anxious not to disturb certain permanent arrangements made in the kutumbas either by means of any registered family settlements or by awards. That being the case one fails to understand why the legislature should be held to have excluded from the scope of Section 36(6) award decrees while bringing within its scope awards. Dealing with this aspect both Sadasivayya, J., and Somnath Iyer, J., opined that "it is possible that with a view not to disturb finality resulting from a decree (of whatever kind) that the legislature intentionally refrained from referring to decrees in sub-section (6) thereby confining the scope of that sub-section only to the registered family settlements and awards expressly mentioned therein. If that be so, no court would be justified in equating an award to the decree passed on it"13. This reasoning appears to us to be fallacious. It be remembered the only decrees that could possibly have been included within the scope of Section 36(6) was award decrees. We have earlier noticed that compulsory partition was not permissible under the Aliyasantana law. Hence there could not have been any partition decrees, nor could there have been decree making permanent arrangements in the matter of enjoyment of kutumba properties in Aliyasantana kutumbas. We can think of no decree regulating the affairs of kutumba which cannot be disturbed under the Act. We agree with those learned judges that the principle underlying Section 36(6) was not to disturb the finality of arrangements made. That very principle runs counter to the reasoning adopted by those learned judges. If permanency of an arrangement is the principle underlying Section 36(6) that permanency of should be available in a larger measure to an award decree. On the other had if the view taken by those learned judges is correct, while Section 36(6) provides permanency for some awards, no such permanency is available to any award decree. Parties could enforce partition ignoring award decree while they are bound by awards. This could hardly have been the intention of the legislature. There is yet another compelling reason not to accept the majority view in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra). After the coming into force ofthe Arbitration Act, 1940, all awards had to be compulsorily made decrees of the courts if they were to have any force. The Act came into force in 1949. Many awards coming within the scope of Section 36(6) would have been made between 1940 and 1949. The legislature would not have denied to those awards the benefit of Sections 36(6). The basis of every award decree is an award decree is an award. Evidently the legislature by using the expression "award" intended to include both awards simpliciter as well as awards which had been made the decrees of courts. Whether we consider the principle underlying Section 36(6) or the language of Section 36(6), we see no justification to exclude award decree from the scope of Section 36(6). In our opinion Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra), in so far as it interpreted Section Section 36(6) has not been correctly decided. But that conclusion of ours does not help the appellants. One of the conditions that are necessary to be satisfied before a deed can be deemed to be a partition under Section 36(6) is that is must be shown that all the major members of the kutumba were parties to it. Admittedly Brahmiah did not join the mutchallika A-1 on the strength of which Ext. A-2, was rendered. In other words he was not a party to the award. But it was said on behalf of the appellants - the same view was taken by the learned trial judge that Brahmiah had acquiesced in the arrangements made under Ext. A-2. A person by merely submitting to an arrangement made may be bound by the arrangement but thereby he does not become a party to the arrangement. Herein we are dealing with a deemed partition and not an actual partition. Before an arrangement can be deemed to be a partition under Section 36(6), all the conditions prescribed under that provision should be fully satisfied. In such a case, substantial compliance with the provision is not sufficient14. As we are of the opinion that all the major members of the kutumba were not parties to Ex. A-2, it is not necessary to examine whether the remaining conditions prescribed under Section 36(6) were4. The findings of the High Court as regards the true nature of Ext. A-2 were challenged before us on behalf of the appellants by Mr. K. N. Bhatt. Before proceeding to consider the contentions of the parties, it is necessary to refer, in brief, to the customary Aliyasantana law. Under that law inheritance is traced through the female line. Under that law, as interpreted by court partition was impermissible except with the consent of all family. The senior-most member of the family be it a male or a female was a Yejman or Yejmanthi of the family. With the passage of time, the members of the Aliyasantana kutumbas increased and kutumbas became unwieldy and joint living became intolerable. In order to mitigate these difficulties, three types of arrangements came to be made in those kutumbas. By and large the Yejman or Yejmanthi of the family made maintenance allotments (maintenance under the Aliyasantana is a mode of participation in the family properties). This type of arrangement was purely temporary in character. It was open to Yejman or Yejmanthi to resume the properties allotted for maintenance to the junior members and make alternative arrangements for their maintenance. Another type of arrangement that came to be made was permanent arrangement for maintenance. This was ordinarily done on kavaru basis. Under this arrangement, jointness of the family was kept intact but arrangement was made for separate living and separate management of kutumba properties on a permanent basis. Such arrangements ordinarily were not capable of being disturbed except with the consent of all the adult members of the kutumba. Lastly, there are few cases of partition with the consent or concurrence of all the adult members of the kutumba. Hence when the Act came into force in addition to joint living by the members of the kutumbas, aforementioned types of arrangements were in existence in various kutumbas. Under Section 35 of the Act power was given to kavarus, santhathi or nissanthathi to claim partition but those permanent arrangements which came within the scope of Section 36(6) were deemed to be partitions despite the fact that under those arrangements the jointness of the kutumba was kept intact. In Gummanna Shetty and Others v. Nagaveniemma (1967 3 SCR 932   : AIR 1967 SC 1595   : 1968 1 SCJ 269.), this Court while dealing with an arrangement in a Aliyasantana family entered into in the year 1900, observed"In 1900, when this deed was executed, one or more members of a joint family governed by the Aliyasantana law of inheritance had no right to claim partition of the joint family properties but by a family arrangement entered into with the consent of all its members, the properties could be divided and separately enjoyed. In such families, an arrangement for separate possession and enjoyment without actual disruption of the family was common. An arrangement for separate enjoyment did not effect a disruption of the family, unless it completely extinguished the community of interest in the family properties.Evidently the legislature wanted to deem certain deeds under which perpetual arrangement had been made in the past for the maintenance of all the kavarus of a kutumba as partitions. The requirements of Sections 36(6) have been laid down by this Court as seen earlier in Gummanna Shettys case (supra). Therefore all that we have to see is whether the tests laid down by this Court in that decision are satisfied. The High Court having come to the conclusion that the first test was not satisfied rejected the contention of the plaintiffs that the deed Ext. A-2 comes within the scope of Section 36(6). It came to the conclusion that an award decree is not an award within the meaning of Section 36(6). In arriving at that conclusion, it relied on the decision of that Court in Parameshwari Hengsu and Others v. Venkappa Shetty and Others (1961 Mys LJ 686.). Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra) first came up for hearing before a Division Bench consisting of Sadasivayya and Mir Iqbal Husain, JJ. Sadasivayya, J., held that the expression "award" in Section 36(6) does not take in an award decree. But Iqbal Husain, J., differed from that view and opined that the term "award" includes also an ward decree. In view of that difference of opinion, the question whether the expression "award" includes an award decree was referred to Somnath Iyer, J. That learned judge agreed with the view taken by Sadasivayya, J. The decision in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra), was binding on the bench which heard this case. Hence naturally that controversy was not again gone into by the High Court in this case. The learned counsel for the appellants challenged the correctness of the decision of the Mysore High Court in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra). He contended that the expression "award" in Section 36(6) includes also an award decree. He urged that in the case of an award decree, the court merely accepts the award made and makes it a decree of the court and hence award decrees have also to be considered as awards for the purpose of Section 36(6). In examining the correctness of the conclusion reached by the Mysore High Court in Parameshwari Hengsus (supra), we must first examine the principle underlying Section 36(6). As mentioned earlier, the legislature was evidently anxious not to disturb certain permanent arrangements made in the kutumbas either by means of any registered family settlements or by awards. That being the case one fails to understand why the legislature should be held to have excluded from the scope of Section 36(6) award decrees while bringing within its scope awards. Dealing with this aspect both Sadasivayya, J., and Somnath Iyer, J., opined that "it is possible that with a view not to disturb finality resulting from a decree (of whatever kind) that the legislature intentionally refrained from referring to decrees in sub-section (6) thereby confining the scope of that sub-section only to the registered family settlements and awards expressly mentioned therein. If that be so, no court would be justified in equating an award to the decree passed on it"13. This reasoning appears to us to be fallacious. It be remembered the only decrees that could possibly have been included within the scope of Section 36(6) was award decrees. We have earlier noticed that compulsory partition was not permissible under the Aliyasantana law. Hence there could not have been any partition decrees, nor could there have been decree making permanent arrangements in the matter of enjoyment of kutumba properties in Aliyasantana kutumbas. We can think of no decree regulating the affairs of kutumba which cannot be disturbed under the Act. We agree with those learned judges that the principle underlying Section 36(6) was not to disturb the finality of arrangements made. That very principle runs counter to the reasoning adopted by those learned judges. If permanency of an arrangement is the principle underlying Section 36(6) that permanency of should be available in a larger measure to an award decree. On the other had if the view taken by those learned judges is correct, while Section 36(6) provides permanency for some awards, no such permanency is available to any award decree. Parties could enforce partition ignoring award decree while they are bound by awards. This could hardly have been the intention of the legislature. There is yet another compelling reason not to accept the majority view in Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra). After the coming into force ofthe Arbitration Act, 1940, all awards had to be compulsorily made decrees of the courts if they were to have any force. The Act came into force in 1949. Many awards coming within the scope of Section 36(6) would have been made between 1940 and 1949. The legislature would not have denied to those awards the benefit of Sections 36(6). The basis of every award decree is an award decree is an award. Evidently the legislature by using the expression "award" intended to include both awards simpliciter as well as awards which had been made the decrees of courts. Whether we consider the principle underlying Section 36(6) or the language of Section 36(6), we see no justification to exclude award decree from the scope of Section 36(6). In our opinion Parameshwari Hengsus case (supra), in so far as it interpreted Section Section 36(6) has not been correctly decided. But that conclusion of ours does not help the appellants. One of the conditions that are necessary to be satisfied before a deed can be deemed to be a partition under Section 36(6) is that is must be shown that all the major members of the kutumba were parties to it. Admittedly Brahmiah did not join the mutchallika A-1 on the strength of which Ext. A-2, was rendered. In other words he was not a party to the award. But it was said on behalf of the appellants - the same view was taken by the learned trial judge that Brahmiah had acquiesced in the arrangements made under Ext. A-2. A person by merely submitting to an arrangement made may be bound by the arrangement but thereby he does not become a party to the arrangement. Herein we are dealing with a deemed partition and not an actual partition. Before an arrangement can be deemed to be a partition under Section 36(6), all the conditions prescribed under that provision should be fully satisfied. In such a case, substantial compliance with the provision is not sufficient14. As we are of the opinion that all the major members of the kutumba were not parties to Ex. A-2, it is not necessary to examine whether the remaining conditions prescribed under Section 36(6) were