Case: Mahanth Ramswaroop Das Vs. The State Of Bihar

Shah, J. 1. The High Court of Judicature at Patna answered in the affirmative the following question which was submitted by the Board of Agricultural Income-tax, Bihar, under section 28(3) of the Bihar Agricultural Income-tax Act XXXII of 1948 - hereinafter referred to as the Act."Whether, in the facts and circumstances of the case, the petitioner could be legally assessed for the income of the Estate in 1355 Fasli when the Estate was in the hand of he Receiver ?" 2. With special leave under Art. 136 of the Constitution, this appeal is preferred against the order of the High Court. The appellant is the Mahant of the Asthal Estate, Salauna, in the District of Bhagalpur in Bihar. In a suit concerning that estate, a Court Receiver was appointed by the First Class Subordinate Judge, Monghyr, to manage the estate. The Receiver functioned till sometime in December, 1949, and under the order of the Subordinate Judge he handed over charge of the estate to the appellant on January 8, 1950. On January 15, 1950, the appellant submitted a return of income of the estate to the Agricultural Income-tax Officer, Monghyr, for the Fasli year 1355 corresponding to September 16, 1948 to September 15, 1949. The Agricultural Income-tax Officer assessed on August 7, 1950, the agricultural income of the estate at Rs. 90,507-2-6 and ordered the appellant to pay Rs. 20,290-13-0 as agricultural income-tax. Appeals against the order of assessment preferred to the Commissioner of Agricultural Income-tax and the Board of Agricultural Income-tax, Bihar, were unsuccessful. The Board however referred the question set out hereinafter to the High Court under S. 28(3) of the Act as arising out of its order. 3. The only question which falls to be determined in this appeal is whether the appellant was liable to be assessed to pay agricultural income-tax for the year in which the estate was in the management of the Court Receiver. Section 3 of the Act which is the charging section provides :"Agricultural Income-tax shall be charged for each financial year in accordance with and subject to the provisions of, this Act on the total agricultural income of the previous year of every person". By S. 4, it is provided :"Save as hereinafter provided, this Act shall apply to all agricultural income derived from land situated in the State of Bihar". 4. The income of the estate of the appellant was not exempt from payment of tax and by virtue of S. 3, agricultural income-tax was charged upon the income for the assessment year in question, and the appellant was prima facie liable as owner of the estate to pay tax on that income. The appellant however relied upon S. 13 of the Act which provides :"Where any person holds land, from which agricultural income is derived, as a common manager appointed under any law for the time being in force, or under any agreement or as receiver, administrator or the like on behalf of persons jointly interested in such land or in the agricultural income derived therefrom, the aggregate of the sums payable as agricultural income-tax by each person on the agricultural income derived from such land and received by him shall be assessed on such common manager receiver, administrator or the like, and he shall be deemed to be the assessee in respect of the agricultural income-tax so payable by each such person and shall be liable to pay the same". 5. The appellant urged that if the land from which agricultural income is derived is held by a Receiver and the income is received by the Receiver, the Receiver alone can, by virtue of S. 13, be deemed to be the assessee and the Receiver alone is liable to pay the tax in respect of that income. In support of his contention, the appellant relies upon the definition of the word, "person" in S. 2 cl. (m) which states :" "Person" means any individual or association of individuals, owning or holding property for himself or for any other, or partly for his own benefit and partly for another, either as owner, trustee, receiver, common manager, administrator or executor or in any capacity recognised by law, and includes an undivided Hindu family, firm or company." 6. In our view, there is no substance in the contention raised by the appellant. The liability to pay tax is charged on the agricultural income of every person. The income though collected by the Receiver was the income of the appellant. By S. 13, in addition to the owner, the Receiver is to be deemed to be an assessee. But the fact that the Receiver may, because he held the property from which income was derived in the year of account, be deemed to be an assessee and liable to pay tax, does not absolve the appellant, on whose behalf the income was received from the obligation to pay agricultural income-tax. Section 13 merely provides a machinery for recovery of tax, and is not a charging section. When property is in the possession of the receiver, common manager or administrator, the taxing authorities may, but are not bound, to treat such persons as assessees and recover tax. The taxing authorities may always proceed against the owner of the income and assess the tax against him. The definition in the connotation of "person" undoubtedly included a Receiver, trustee, common manager, administrator or executor, and by such inclusion, it is open to the taxing authorities to assess tax against any such persons; but on that account, the income in the hand of the owner is not exempt from liability to assessment of tax. 7. Counsel for the appellant urged that the income received by the appellant from the Receiver did not retain its character of agricultural income and therefore also the appellant was not liable to pay agricultural income-tax. But this contention was never raised before the taxing authorises and no such question has been referred to this court. The character of the income was accepted to be agricultural income in the hands of the appellant and the only question which was sought to be referred and raised before the Board of Agricultural Income-tax was one as to the liability of the appellant to be assessed to agricultural income-tax for the year in question.

Decision:
0[ds]6. In our view, there is no substance in the contention raised by the appellant. The liability to pay tax is charged on the agricultural income of every person. The income though collected by the Receiver was the income of the appellant. By S. 13, in addition to the owner, the Receiver is to be deemed to be an assessee. But the fact that the Receiver may, because he held the property from which income was derived in the year of account, be deemed to be an assessee and liable to pay tax, does not absolve the appellant, on whose behalf the income was received from the obligation to pay agricultural income-tax. Section 13 merely provides a machinery for recovery of tax, and is not a charging section. When property is in the possession of the receiver, common manager or administrator, the taxing authorities may, but are not bound, to treat such persons as assessees and recover tax. The taxing authorities may always proceed against the owner of the income and assess the tax against him. The definition in the connotation of "person" undoubtedly included a Receiver, trustee, common manager, administrator or executor, and by such inclusion, it is open to the taxing authorities to assess tax against any such persons; but on that account, the income in the hand of the owner is not exempt from liability to assessment of taxBut this contention was never raised before the taxing authorises and no such question has been referred to this court. The character of the income was accepted to be agricultural income in the hands of the appellant and the only question which was sought to be referred and raised before the Board of Agricultural Income-tax was one as to the liability of the appellant to be assessed to agricultural income-tax for the year in question.