Case: Official Liquidator Of High Court Of Karnataka Vs. Smt. V. Lakshmikutty

P.N. Bhagwati, J.1. We think that the view taken by the High Court is the correct view on the interpretation of sections 529 and 530 of the Companies Act, 1956. Section 529 provides that in the winding up of an insolvent company, the same rules shall prevail and be observed with regard to the provable debts as are in force to the time being under the law of insolvency with respect to the estate of persons adjudged insolvent. This provision brings in the applicability of section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency Act which reads:"Where there have been mutual dealings between an insolvent and a creditor proving or claiming to prove a debt under this Act, an account shall be taken of what is due from the one party to the other in respect of such mutual dealings, and the sum due from the one part y shall be set off against any sum due from the other party, and the balance of the account, and no more, shall be claimed or paid on either side respectively."2. This rule enacted in section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency A ct with regard to the debts provable by a creditor against the insolvent must, therefore, likewise apply in regard to debts provable against a company in winding up. Consequently, when the respondent in the present case claimed to prove her debt against the company in liquidation, she was entitled to the benefit of the rule enacted in Section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency Act and she could legitimately claim that since there were admittedly mutual dealings between her and the company in liquidation, an account should be taken in respect of such mutual dealings and only that amount should be payable or receivable by her which is due at the foot of such account.3. It is true that section 530 pro vides for preferential payments, but that provision cannot in any way detract from full effect being given to section 529 and in fact the only way in which these two sections can be reconciled is by reading them together so as to provide that whenever any creditor seeks to prove his debt against the company in liquidation, the rule enacted in Section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency Act should apply and only that amount which is ultimately found due from him at the foot of the account in respect of mutual dealings should be recoverable from him and not that the amount due from him should be recovered fully while the amount due to him from the company in liquidation should rank in payment after the preferential claim s provided under S. 530. We find that the same view has been taken by the English Courts on the interpretation of the corresponding provisions of the English Companies Act, 1948 and since our Companies Act is modelled largely on the English Companies Act 1948, we do not see any reason why we should take a different view, particularly when that view appears to be fair and just. We may, point out that Gore Browne in his book on Company Law, 43rd Ed at page 34-14 also confirms this view:"Indeed, all claims provable in the winding up may be the subject of set-off, provided that there is mutuality."4. Moreover, we find that the observations of the House of Lords in National Westminster Bank Ltd. v. H alesowen Presswork &Assemblies Ltd. are also to the same effect. We may also usefully refer to the observations of Sir Ernest Pollock, M. R. in re. City Life Assurance Co. Ltd. where the learned Master of the Rolls after referring to section 207 of the Companies Act, 1908 (s. 317 of the Companies Act, 1948) which corresponds to section 529 of Companies Act, 1956 and section 31 of the Bankruptcy Act, 1914 which corresponds to section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency Act, says:"It is to be observed that s. 31 of Bankruptcy Act, 1914, is definite in its terms that where there is a mutual credit, mutual debt or other mutual dealings, the sums are to be set off and the balance of the account and no more shall be claimed or paid on either side respectively. It is not merely permissive, it is a direct statutory enactment that the balance only is to be claimed in bankruptcy."5.

Decision:
0[ds]It is true that section 530 pro vides for preferential payments, but that provision cannot in any way detract from full effect being given to section 529 and in fact the only way in which these two sections can be reconciled is by reading them together so as to provide that whenever any creditor seeks to prove his debt against the company in liquidation, the rule enacted in Section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency Act should apply and only that amount which is ultimately found due from him at the foot of the account in respect of mutual dealings should be recoverable from him and not that the amount due from him should be recovered fully while the amount due to him from the company in liquidation should rank in payment after the preferential claim s provided under S. 530. We find that the same view has been taken by the English Courts on the interpretation of the corresponding provisions of the English Companies Act, 1948 and since our Companies Act is modelled largely on the English Companies Act 1948, we do not see any reason why we should take a different view, particularly when that view appears to be fair andwe find that the observations of the House of Lords in National Westminster Bank Ltd. v. H alesowen Presswork &Assemblies Ltd. are also to the same effect. We may also usefully refer to the observations of Sir Ernest Pollock, M. R. in re. City Life Assurance Co. Ltd. where the learned Master of the Rolls after referring to section 207 of the Companies Act, 1908 (s. 317 of the Companies Act, 1948) which corresponds to section 529 of Companies Act, 1956 and section 31 of the Bankruptcy Act, 1914 which corresponds to section 46 of the Provincial Insolvency Act,is to be observed that s. 31 of Bankruptcy Act, 1914, is definite in its terms that where there is a mutual credit, mutual debt or other mutual dealings, the sums are to be set off and the balance of the account and no more shall be claimed or paid on either side respectively. It is not merely permissive, it is a direct statutory enactment that the balance only is to be claimed in bankruptcy."