Case: Harinagar Sugar Mills Limited Vs. M.W. Pardhan

Tulzapukar, J.(1) This is an appeal preferred by Messrs. Haringage Sugar Mills Ltd. (Hereinafter called "the Company") against the order passed by he Mr. Justice Kantawala on 22nd September 1964 in company petition No.4 of the admitting the petition and directing the advertisement to be given on and after the 13th October 1964 in the "Indian Express and "Bombay Samchar" and the Government Gazette.(2) A few facts giving rise to this appeal maybe stated. The company was incorporated in January 1938 and its authorized capital consists of 12500 equity shares of Rs. 100 each and 25000 equity shares of Rs. 10/- each. The issued and subscribed capital of the company concise of the 7500 shares of Rs. 100/- each 25000 equity shares of Rs. 10/- each. All these shares are fully paid up. Out of this subscribes capital of the company 788, equity shares of The 100 each and 14265 equity shares to Rs. 10 each stand is the name of Narayanal Bansila who is the chairman of the Board of the Directors of he company. Naraylal Bansilal is also the karta and manager of joint Hindu family consisting of himself his sons and daughters and the shares standing intake name of Naraynalal Bansilal were purchased in out of the funds belonging to the joint family. According to the court Receiver who was appointed Receiver High Court suit No. 224 a of 1961and who presented the petition for winding, up a large also o number of other shares of the company were also purchased out the fund belonging to the joint family and wee taken in the names of kishanlal Murlidhar Jayakrishans Gangadas and sevaram Ranchhoddas as the Benamidars for the joint family.(2a) It appears that prior to the 8th of March 1956 the joint family of Narayanlal Bansilal owned a sugar farm at Harinagar in the state of Bihar. On 8th March 1956 by a registered conveyances made between Narayanlal Bansilal and his sons Balkrishna Narayanalal Naraynalal on the hand and the company on the other, the said sugrances farm with the all the crops, buildings agricultural equipments bridges, tool pumping live - stock carts et. Was sold to the company for Rupees forty Lakhs out of this price of Rupees Forty lakhs, it appears the company paid to the vendors (Narayanalal and his threes sons) a sum of Rs. Ten lakhs on 31st January 1956 and it was agreed that the balances of Rupees thirty lakhs should be paid by quartile installments of Rs. 2,50,000/- each the first of such quarterly installment being payable at the end of the subsequent installments were payable at the end the each subsequent quarter. The register d conveyance dated 8th March 1956 further provided that if the company failed to pay the vendors any oft said installment of Rs. 2,50,000/- on the company should pay interest the at the rate of 5 percent t per annum to the vendors on the amount of the unpaid installments. It future paper that after the execution of the conveyances the company paid to the vendors on two installments of Rs. 2, 50,000/- each but failed up to pay the remaining installment aggregating to Rupees twenty - five lakhs and this is the debt which was claimed by the petitioner [the court receiver] under a statutory notice upon neglect to pay the same a winding up petitions was presented by the petitioner under following circumstances.(3) In or about July 1961 Madhusudanlal, one of the sons of Narayanalal filed a partition suit on the Original side the this court and being suit No. 224 of 1961 against Narayanlal and others claiming certain share in the joint others claiming certain against share the joint family properties and the after the filing the suit madhustandal took out a Notice of Motions for appointment of court Receiver as the Receiver of joint family propitious. On 20th October 1961 the Court appointed the court Receiver as the Receiver of all the joint family proper ties with all powers under Order XL Rule 1 Clause 9d) of the Civil procedure Code. After the court receive thus came on the scene the court Receiver issued statutory notice on 28 the June 1962 an under section 434 of the Indian companies act to the company requiring the company to make payment of Rupees twenty-five lakhs with interest to the Additional Collector of Bombay and by that the notice the court Receiver further stated the if the said payment was not made within 21 days of the receipt of the notice proceeding for winding up of the company will be adopted without any further intimation. On 17th July 1962 the company sent a reapply of the court Receiver raising several contention. In was contend that a sum of Rupees twenty - five lakhs and odd was not but that a per the company balance - sheet the said amount was due and payable to Narayuanlal bansilal and his three sons who were the vendors under the conveyed that the conveyances dated 8th July 1956 . It was further contend that in the installment due under the registered conveyances court not be paid by the company on accept of a notice of attachment dated 24th July 1956 that had been issued and served upon the company be the Additional Income - tax officer, section v. Central Bombay under section 46 (5 -A) of the Indian Income - tax officer Act 1922. The company further contended that in any event the claim for the Rupees twenty - five lakhs had become barred by the law of limitation. In view of the these contentions the accompany pointed out that the there was no question of payment of the said amount of Rupees twenty - five lakhs to Additional Collector of Bombay as required to by the court receiver an the company further informed the court receive that the inspire oft these facts being brought his notice if any steps of these fact being up to the company were taken. Since the statutory notice that the issued by the court Receiver on 28th June 1962 was not complied on with by the winding company the Court Receiver presented a winding up petition being company petition No. 4 of 1964 on 10th January 1964. After the petition was accepted notice was issued to the company and the company put in affidavit in the reply showing cause against the petition. After hearing the parties. The learned judge by the his order dated 22n September 1964 admitted the petition and directed that advertisement be given in newspapers mentioned in this order and the Gazette. It is against the judgment and order that has been passed by the learned judge the present appeal has been preferred by the company before us.(4) In this appeal Mr. Banaji on behalf of the Appellant company has urged two or three technical contentions. In the first place in contend that the court receiver who had presented the petition for winding up and ho power to present the same under order XL Rule 1 of the Civil procedure code under which he was appointed by this in the which he was appointed by this court in the partition suit No. 224 of 1961. Secondly the urged that the court Receiver was not a creditor of the company within the meaning of the section 434 of the Indian Companies act and therefore was not entitled to file and petitioner. He further contended that the statutory notice which had been issued byte court receiver con 28th June 1962 was invalid and not a in accordance with the provisions of section 434 of the companies act. Lastly he contended that the because of the prohibitory order and the notice of attachment that had been issued by the Additional Income -tax officer under the provisioned of the section 46 (5 - A) of the India Income = tax act the company could not pay the amount and could not comply with the requisitions and contained not comply with the requisitions 28th June 1962 and therefore it could not be said the company to make payment. Apart from these technical contentious Mr. Banaji also urged two points in merits. According to him on the facts and circumstances of the case of the points had been preferred by the court Receiver at he instance of the sons of Narayanala out of the interim notices and if had been filed mala fide. Mr. Banaji further urged that the company was perfectly solvent and therefore the petition ought not to have been admitted and the direction not to have been given y the learned judge. We shall deal with the these points one after the others presently.(5) In support of his contention that the court Receiver had no power to present a winding had up petition in this case, Mr. Banaji relied upon the provisions of order XL Rule 1 clause (d) of the civil procedure code and also on the order that had been made by the this court while appointing court Receiver as the Receiver of the joint family properties. The relevant provision or Order XL Rule 1 run as follows:"1 (1) Where is appears to the court to be just convenient, the court may be order:-(a) appoint a receiver of any property whether and before of after decree:(b) X X X X X(c) X X X X X and(d) Confer upon the receiver all such powers as to bringing and defending suits and the for the realization management of protection preservation and improvement of the property the collection of the rent and profits thereof, the application and disposal o such rent profits and the excision of such rent and profits and execution of document as the owner himself has or such of those powers as the court think fit"In this case the order appointing court receiver as ad interim Receiver of the properly was passed on 28th August 1961 in the partition suit filed by Mahusudantal against Narayanala and others being suit No. 224 of 1961 and the said order was confirmed by an order dated 20th October 1961. The operative part of the order dated 20th October 1961 runs as follows:"And it is further ordered that the curt Reserve be and he in hereby appointed Receiver the property belonging, to the joint family in suit and all the books of accounts papers and vouches with the necessary powers under Order XL Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure including power to vote and/or exercise all the property rights in respect of the shares belonging to the joint family in the several joint stock companies mentioned in the plaint including power to file suit"Relaying upon the aforesaid provisions Mr. Banaji in the place urged before us that the court Receive in these case had been specifically clothes with the powers to file a suit but in terms he had not been clothed with the but in n terms he had been power to present a winding up petition. However it must be observed that apart form the power to file a suit has been specifically referred to in the order dated 20th October 1961, the said order in terms confers upon the court Receiver "all powers under Order XL Rule 1 of the code of the Civil No. Procedure" In other words it is clear that all the power under Order XL Rule 1 clause (d) of their code of Civil procedure have been conferred upon the court Receiver n this case and it is clear that ht under clause (d) sub = rule (1) such powers include not only a power to brings and defend suits but power to bring and defend suits but power for the realization management of the property. An attempt was made by Mr. Banji to suggest that when a specific power to file a suit was conferred upon account Receiver, that power merely empowered the court Receiver to commence all proceedings by filing of plaint and since a winding up petition was not a proceedings which is commenced by filing of plaint the court Receiver could be not present a winding up some observation of this court in the has case of Indrajutsignhju v. Rajendrasigji In our view it is really unnecessary to consider this argument of Mr. Banaji for the simple reason that the clause (d) of sub - rule (1) or order XL R.1 of the code Receiver for the purposes of filing a suit but the with all powers for the purposes of the realization management protection preservation and improvement of the property in the case under the order dated 20th October 1961 the court Receiver was clothed not only with a power to file a suit but with all necessary and power for realization, management protection and preservation of the property under clause (d) mentioned above. The old question that need therefore be considered is as to whether a proceedings which is initialed by filing a winding - up petition which is proceedings for the realization management protection of preservation of the prepay or not. Mr. Banaju urged that ordinarily a winding up petitioner is not the normal mode for realizing a debt due to a creditor and that the suit would be the proper remedy for realization of such by a creditor. According to Mr. Banaji, a winding - up petition was a process by which the court achieves the objects of equitable distribution of debtors property. In support to his contention Mr. Banaja referred us to the case of Bukhtiarpur Bihar Light Rly Co. Ltd v. Union of India and the relevant observations of which reliances was placed by him appear p. 517 (of Bom cas): (at p. 504 of AIR) which run as follows:"A winding - up order may be a from of equitable execution, but there is no equity in making such an order when the debt of the creditor is not in peril although the substratum of the company may be gone., and when matters remain outstanding of the shares holders by the company functioning a company throng its directors. A winding - up order is not normal alternative in the case of company to the ordinary procedure for the realization of the debts due form it"Relying upon the above observations Mr. Banaji urged before us that the main object of a winding - up proceedings of was to ensure the quotable distribution of debtors property. On the other hand Mr. Parpira on behalf on the petitioners relied upon the following passage petitioners relied upon the the following passages which occurs in the polymers company precedents part II 1960 Ed., at p. 25 The passenger runs as follows " A winding - up petition is a perfectly proper remedy for enforcing of the payment of just debt. It is the mode of execution which the court gives to a creditors against the company unable to pay its debt.It appears clear that the this passage is based upon three decided cases in Bower v. Hope Life Insurance and General guarantee Co., (1865) 11 HLC 389, In re General Company for promotion of Land credit, (1870) 5 Ch. 363 380 and in Re. National Permanent Benefit Building Society 1869 5 ch 309.(6) In out view in this case we are not called upon to decide the question as to whether a proceeding which is commenced by filing a winding - up petition is a normal or proper mode realization of a debt or not. What we are really concerned with is as to the whether such a proceeding is proceeding "for realization of property" It is true as has been pointed out by Mr. Banaji that the main or dominate object of winding - up petition its ensure the equitable distribution of the property to debtor. But is cannot be forgotten that before the there could be any equitable distribution of the property of the debtor amongst his creditors this and property must be first got in i.e. realized and it cannot be disputed that the property the debtor of realized by filing the winding - up petition. It is not doubt true that the dominate object of suit o realize a particular debt, while that of winding - up petition is the equitable distribution of the debtors property amongst his creditors of he debtors property amounts must necessarily be preceded by the getting in of all such debtors property and realization of all such property. It cannot be disputed that the necessary is consequence of filing a winding - up petition is the realization of the all the property of debtor ad thereafter commences. In this view of t he matter it is clear that the proceedings which is commenced by filing a winding - up petition s proceeding for realization of the property and therefore when the court Receiver was clothed with the all the court power under Order XL R 1(1) (d) of the code of civil procedure it must be file a winding - up petition for he purpose to realizing the property the benefit of the which would endure to all the creditors of the company. We are, therefore, unable of accept Mr. Banaji contention that the court the Receiver in the present case has no power to present a winding - up petition.(7) The next contention of Mr. Banaji is that the court Receiver cannot be regard as a creditors of the company within the meaning of section 434 and 439 of the Indian Companies Act and as such the court Receiver who was after the all an officer appointed by the court in the partition suit could not be serving a statutory notice onto company demanding payment of the behalf file the winding - up petition. In this behalf Mr. Banaji relied upon the a decision of the English court In re, Sacker, (1888) 22 QBD 179, where it was held by the court of Appeal that a receiver was not a creditor entitled to present a bankruptcy petition against the debtor within meaning of section 6 of the Bankruptcy Act, 1883 in the case in an action in Cannery Division, a Receiver was appoint to collect, get in and receive the good comprised in its charge given to the plaintiff by one of the defendants including there in any one balance of the proceedings of the good so charged in the hand of the other defendants. As order was subsequent made for the payment for the mentioned defendants to the receiver of the specific sum being of the money recede by the him in respect of the proceed of the good and comprised in the charge. It appears that the receiver presented a bank ruptcy petition against the defendants who was ordered to a pay. It was held that the receiver WA not creditor entitled to present a bank ruptcy petition. Lord Esher M.R. after Pointing out the that position of receiver was not that the of trustee and that there was no debt due to him from the particular defendants went on the observe as follows:"The Petitioners is receiver. He is no a trustee. There is no debt to him from the appellant. He could not sure for this sum of money in his own name either at law on equity. Even if he name either at authority of the court sure for tin his own name is the the court set for the in this own made personally either at law or in money due to him personally either at law or in equity At law it is certainly not. The debt was due to another person whom he is not a trustee. The money will not be when the has got it. Would it be his in equity I apprehend that he would hold it subject to the authority of the court who wound deal with in according to the circumstances of the case, but certainly not for his benefit""As a general, rule, a receiver cannot maintain as action to compel obedience to an order for the delivery of goods or payment of money to him by a party to the action. There may no doubt be exceptional cases in which a receiver can bring an action in his own name when for instance he is the hold of a bill of exchange. In that case he can maintain an action, not because he is receiver but because he is he holder of the bill"It would thus appeal that according to the above maintain decision under English law a receiver except cannot maintain an action in his own name except in special cases. We may point out that the decision by (1882) 22 QBD, 179 came to be considered by the English court in later decision and the general observation made by Lord Esker have been dissented from the have been regard as being dissented from and later decision of In Re Macon, 1904 2 KB 700. In this later case the court of Appeal held that the Receiver who had obtained the assignment of the judgment debt over the creditor could present a bankruptcy petition and if was further held that the decision in 1888 2 QBD 179, only decide that the receiver who cannot sue in his own name cannot be a good petitioning creditor. The relevant observations of Vaughan Williamns L.J. Appear at p. 703 and they run as follows:"I think those words (referring to the observation of (Lord Esher in 1888 22 QBD 179) go very far to cover the proposition for which Mr. Hansell contended but it was not really necessary for the case which was before the court of appeal that this question should have been determined that is the question weather a receiver having a title is the question sue a law could be good petitioning creditor, it is plain from the judgment, I think of each of the Lord Justices that in the case the position of things was such that it was perfectly impossible for the receiver to bring in action to recover the debt either at law or in equity and therefore I think we must there treat these observation of Lord think Esker as obits, and one can only look at the case as having decided that a receiver who could not sue could not be by himself a good petitioning creditor Looking at the judgment of Fry. L.J. I Observe that the begins by saying that in that action receiver could not have maintained an action either at Law or in equity and later on he deals wish exceptional case in which receiver could maintain such an action. One of the case which he gives is an action exchanges and the other is where he is in possession of chattels, and the chattels are woringingfully detained from him. In these circumstances it seem to me have ought not to hold to the case of [1888] 2 QBD 179 to be an authority for the petitioning that receiver cannot be a for proposition that a receiver cannot good petitioning that receiver even though the state things is such that he could maintain the state of the is that the could maintain as action at law. In the present case a receiver happens to be the assignee of the a judgment, and I think that being the assignee of a judgment he can be good petitioning creditor even though when the money is recovered it is recovered for the purpose of enabling the court of Chancery to deal without The position that emerges from a consideration of the above two cases is that under English of the law if receiver could maintain an action at law in his own name he could be good petition creditors and could present a bankruptcy petition.(8) In our view the position in India is more clear and unambiguous, order XL of the Civil procedure Code deals with appointment of receivers and under Rule 1 a receiver could be empowered to bring and defend actions and for it realization management, protection preservation and improvement o f the property. It is well settled that one a receiver is appointed in by a court under O. XL r. 1 of the code of Civil Procedure with all the power mentioned is clause (d) of subtle (1) the property in respect whereof such a receiver is appointed in is custody legislature and party to the litigation except where of such receiver is appointed in he custody receiver is entitled to deal with the property of which he is entitled to file suit inches own name. If necessary we may refer to the decision of the supreme court reported In vendetta Mallayya v. Ramaswami and co. where their Lord ships of the supreme court have pointed out that "a receiver authors to collect the debt" is empowered to institute suit therefor and a suit instituted by the Receiver in his own name is perfectly competent. A decision of out court reported in Achut, v. Shivajirao, 39 Bom LR 224 (AIR 1937 Bom 224) has also taken the same view. Though it is true that the same time it is clear that the receiver s appointed is entitled to maintain action in his own name. In this view of the matter it is clear that the though the debt in respect whereof a statuary notice was issued byte court Receiver was really due to the members of the joint family the court Receiver who has been management and administration of the e entree joint family properties for the benefit of such parties who may ultimately by found entitled thereto, would be good petititonig creditors for the purpose of filing a winding - up petition since in out view if the clear on authorities an action in this receiver is entitled to maintain an action in his own name. Reading the provision an action I his own name. Reading the provisions of Ss. 434 and 439 of the companions Act along with the provisions of O. XL R 1 civil procedure code we are be opinion that the court Receiver would be creditors of the company and as such was entitled to present the winding - up petition.(9) The next contention of Mr. Banaji is with the regard to the statutory notice that was issued by the court Receiver under section 434 of the Indian Companies Act. In this a two - fold contention was urged by Mr. Banaji before us. The first place he contented hat the statutory notice, being a formal document as well as the provisions of section 434 should be strictly construed and so construed the notice in question would appear to be not in conformity with the said provisions it may be stated that be his said notice dated 28th June 1962 addressed to the company the court Receiver pointed out that in company balance sheet for the year ending 30th September 1961 a sum of Rupees twenty Five Lakhs and odd was the shown as due and payable by the company to the joint family of Narayanla Bansilal being the balance of he purchase price of the Sugar farm belonging to the joint family purchased by the company under the registered conveyance deated 8th March 1956 and that since he was appointed a Receiver of the joint family properties in High Court Suit No. 224 of 1961 he was issuing that notice to the company. By that noise to the Court Receiver called upon the company to make immediate payment of the said sum of Rs. 25,00,000/- and interest payable thereon at 5 per cent per annum a in the manner above mentioned and to give you noise as I here by do, that the if you will fail to pay the amount to the Additional collector of Bombay byway the debt is attached by with in 21 days from the receipt of this letter by your, I will without and further intimation of to you, take proceeding for the winding up of he company. Incidentally it may be stated that a large amount by way of Income - tax arrears nd pentacle and tune of the Rupees Thirty five Lakhs and odd was due to and payable by Naranyanal Bansilal to Income - tax authorities and I respect of the said due the Additional Income -tax officer. Section v. Central Bombay, has served a notice date 24th July 1956 on the company under section 46 (5 - A) of the Indian income - tax Act 1922 where by the additional Income - tax act 1922, where by called upon the company to pay on account of Narayanalal Bansilal in Liquidation of the said Income - tax dues. The Additional Income - tax officer had pointed out to the company that any payment that would be made by the company to him pursuances of his notice would in law company liability to Narayanlal Bansilal and hte officer has further pointed out to the company that if the after service of this notice the company de any payment to Narayanalal Bansilal, the company would be held personally liable to the income - tax authorities to the extent to which such payment would be made by the company to Narayanala Bansilal. In other word s under the relevant provisions of Income - tax act the Income - tax authorities had served prohibitory order and had in effect attached the debt of Rupees twenty five lakhs and odd in hands of the company. It was in the his circumstances that the court Receiver in the statutory notice under section 434 of the companies act had called upon the company and odd to the additional Collector of Bombay by whom debt has been attached. With in the prescribed of period of 21 day.(10) With regard to the above notice which was issued by the his court Receiver under section 434 of the Indian companies Act. Mr. .Banaji first contention was that the court Receiver had not called upon the company to the make payment of the debt of himself and that was not in compliance with the provisos of the section 434 of companions. Mr. Banaji drew our attention to the provisions of section 434(1)(a ) of the companies act where under creditor to whom a company is in under debated in sum exceeding Rs. 500/- can serve on the company an notice called upon the company either to make payment of the sum so due the or to secure or compound of the for it to the reasonable or satisfaction of he company of the creditor. What was urged by Mr. Banji was that by the present notice the court Receiver left no room to the company so secure or computed the debt to the reasonable satisfaction of himself by called upon the e compete make payment of he amount due directly to the Additional collector of Bombay. Mr. Banaji therefore urged that the notice that was issued by the court receiver was invalid and not in accordance with the provision of Section 434 of the Act. We are unable to accept this contention of Mr. Banaji for the simply reason that the section nowhere requires to that such notice the creditor should make a demand upon the debtor to make payment of the debt to himself. It is perfectly competent for the creditor to direct his debtor to make payment to a third party under such notice. Further we fail to appreciates as to how by issuing a notice in question the court Receiver put it beyond the reach in of he company to secure or company for the debt of the satisfaction of the court Receiver. On receipt of such notice from the notice court Receiver it would have been computed for debt of he reasonable satisfaction of the court Receiver if the company were so minded to do. On the the hand, what we find is that the company by its reply, dated 17the July 1962 raised various disputed with regard to their liability of the said debt or containing that debt was not due to the joint family or Narayanalal and others but that it was due and payable to the four individuals from whom the company and purchased a sugarcane farm. Significantly enough, we may point out by Mr. Banaji has not even has-been stated b the 17th July 1962. In has nowhere been stated by the company in its reply that because of the manner in which the had notice has been given the company had been deprived of its right to the company to secure to compound for the debtors the reasonable satisfaction of the court receiver. It clear onto facts of the case that the under the conveyances a sum of Rs. Twenty - five lakhss and odd was payable by the company to Narayanala Bensilal and his sons. There is no dispute that the income tax lakhs of rupees were due and payable of Narayanalal Bansilal to the income tax authorities and in the at behalf debt in the thanes to the company had been attached by the Additional Income = tax officer. This fact is even referred to byte court Receiver in this statutory notice. After referring to the fact the company a has been called upon the by court Receiver to make payment of the debt due to the Additional Collector of Bombay obviously to the purpose of liquidating the income - tax dues. In theses circumstances it is difficult to accept Mr. Banajis contention that the notice that has been issued by the court receiver is defective or is not in accordances with the provisions of section 434 of the India companies act.(11) Mr. Banaji then contented that three was a bona fide dispute regarding this liability of Rupees twenty - five lakhs to and odd, for according to the company the amount of Rupees twenty - five lakhs which the was payable to company under the registered conveyances dated 8th March 1956 was not a debt due and the payable to the joint family or Narayalal Banasilal and his sons but it was debt due to the four individuals mentioned in the e conveyances and therefore the court Receiver was not entitled to serve a statutory notice upon the registered conveyances dated 8th March 1956 was not a debt due to the four individual mentioned in the conveyances and therefore the court Receiver was not entitled to serve a statutory notice upon the company and make demand for the payment of that debt on behalf it of the joint family. In this behalf it would be pertinent to note that in the partition suit it was admitted by Narayanlal Bansilal in Paragraph 14 of this affidavit filed to show cause aginat the Notice of Motion for the purchase price was payable under the family in respect in of Haringange Sugarcane farm. In the said paragraph Narayanalal Bansil inter stated as follows:"Referring to para 10 (c) of the affidavit I deny there is any manipulation in the balance sheet in Haranguer sugar Mills Ltd. As falsely sought to be suggested by the 3rd defendants. No loan of Rs. 25,00,000/- has be given by meet the said company. The said amount is the balance of purchase. Price payable is the by said company to the joint family in respect of the Harinagar Cane Farm"It is ture, as has been pointed out by the Mr. Banaji that his admission which has been made by Narayanlal Bansilal would not be binding onto company since a company it a different entire from Narayanlal Bansilal but whence are considering the question on merits as to whom the amount was really due it does appeal to us that the affidavit filed by the Narayanalal Bansilal and the statement made by him in that affidavit would be relevant and by him it in that a taken into consideration by us. It cannot be forgotten that Narganalal Bansilal was a chairman on the Board of Directors of the Harignage sugar Mill Ltd. And was also he Karta and Manager of joint Hindu family consisting of himself, his sons and daughters. In view of the this dual position which Narayanalal Bansilal occupied at the material time the admission may by Narayanalal Bansilal in this affidavit which we have the quoted above would clearly which go to show that the amount of Rs. 25,00,000/- being the balance of purchase price and was payable by the company to the joint family of Narayanlal Bansilal and his sons and this admission of Narayanalal would go a long way to indicate of that the dispute raised by the company in its that behalf was not bona fide. On the other hand the contention raised by the company to say to lest was frivolous.(12) Mr. Banaji the urged that because of the prohibitory order and the attachment that had been levied by the Additional Income - tax officer on the debt claimed by the court Receiver in his statutory notice the company was unable to comply with the court Receivers notice and therefore it would not be said that mere non - payment onto part of the company would amount to a neglect to make payment. In this behalf sections 439, 433 and 434 of the Indian Companies Act would be mature. Section 439 categorizes person who can make an application for winding up of a company under that section thier in application by winding - up a can be presented by any creditor or creditors an included an any creditors prospective creditor or creditors. Sec . 433 provides for circumstances in which a company may be would up and under clause (e) it could be would up it is it unable to pay its debts. Section 434 proved that under certain circumstances a company shall be deemed unable to pay its debt. Court Receiver had issued and served a statutory notice upon the company under section 434 of the companies act where under a presumption has been as regard the companies inability pay iceboat under certain circumstances. Under section 434(1)(a) it has been provided that he a company shall be deemed to be unable to pay its debts under certain if creditors, it by assignment or otherwise to whom the company is indebted in a sum exceeding five hundred, rupees than due has served on the company, by causing it to be delivered at it registered office by registered post or other wise, a demand under his hand requiring the company to pay cause into deliver its registered officer, by registered post or to pay the sum of due and company has for three week thereafter of which neglected to pay the sum of or to secure or compound to the reasonable satisfaction of creditor. Intone words if conditions which have been laid down in the clause (a) of sub - section (1) of section 434 are complied with the presumption arise that complied with unable to pay its debt. In order the such a presumption should arise. It is necessary that there must be a creditors to whom the company is owing a sum exceeding Rs 500/- secondly such a creditor must have serve a notice upon the company delivering the same for the due and lastly if the company has negelected to pay the said sum the within three week of such service of the notice upon it then the company would be deemed to be unable to pay its debt. What was urged to Mr. Banjo was that in the present case because the debt had been attached by the income - tax authorities and a prohibitory order had been issued on the company the company did not make any payment and therefore the presumption, will regard to the inability note part of the company to do duty would not arise because there was no neglect on the part of the company to make payment of the sum due.(13) In this benefit Mr. Banaji referred us to a decision ofthe English court in re European Banking Co., (1886) 2 Eq. 521. In that case several petition has been presented that for winding - up of the company and when all the other petitions had been dismissed the question was as to whether the petition which had been presented by a creditors who had only to recover pounce 65 from the Banking company should have bee accepted and winding - up order be made on the petition. The petitioning creditor was a creditor of banking company for the only pounds 65 and the debt and has been attached in Lord Mayors court and the question arose as to whether the petition on behalf of such creditor whose the petition or dismissed and the court dismissed the same Mr. Banaji relied upon the observation of Sir. R.T. Kindersley, V.C. which run as follows:"The question then is, whether if there were no other petition then this to Mr. Baylis, an order for winding - up the company ought to be made thereon. Though Mr. Baylis appears as creditor I n the book of the company for pound 65 (a very inconsiderable sum) the fact it that before the petition was presented an action had been brought against him by one of his creditors in the Lord Mayos court under which this debt which was assumed by the due to him from the European Bank was attached it is true the does not absolutely do way the debt and he still remain legally a creditor of the bank. But the attachment is ore efficacious than a mere stop order for it seizes the debt into hand of the Lord Mayors court. Under these circumstances I am of the opinion that if this had been the only petition the court would not have made an order upon the it to wind up the company on the ground that the interest, of the petitioners as creditors is so uncertain of the petitioner a as creditors is so uncertain in its character that the court ought not upon the ground of the interest, to impose upon the ground of the interest to share holder of the company so great a burden as a winding - up order. Deckling with the petition as if it has been the only one presented. I shall dismiss it with costs.In our view the facts of the present case was are clearly distinguishable from the facts which obtained intake case decided the [1886] 2 Eq. 521. In the first palce from the fact which have been recited in the report it appears that the court considered to the amount due by the banking company to the creditor a bevy in considerable amount secondly the fact that the petitioners debt had been attached in Lord Mayors Court was undoubtedly taken in consideration as result of which if was stated. That the attachment had the effect of seizing debt into the hands of Lord Mayos court. In those circumstances it was held that the interest of the petitioners as a creditors was very uncertain is it character and therefore the petition for winding - up should be dismissed. In the present case the fact are entirely different. The amount claimed by the court Receiver on behalf of the joint family s not an insignificant amount. Incidentally it may be stated that the petitioners in his petition had referred to several other debts which the company owned to other creditors apart form the this debt of Rs. 25,00,000/- which was payable to the joint family or Narayanalal Bansilal and his sons. Further the most important distinguishing feature, the most important distingusing feather statutory notice issued under section 434 the court Receiver had in fact called upon the company to make payment to the income tax authorities for the purpose of liquidating the income -tax dues for non - payment of which the debt had been attached. If by statutory notice the court Receiver had called upon the company to make payment of dues himself in spitted he attachment on that debt, the company would intuit case have been unable to comply with such requisition because of the attachment levied on that debt., due to the additional Collectors the Bombay for the purposes of liquidating the income - tax dues forth pose non = payment of which the attachment had been levied. In these circumstances it is difficult to accept Mr. Banajis contention it that because of subsisting attachment on the debt at the insane of the income tax authorities, the company was unable to comply with the requisitions contained in the statutory notice issued byte court Receiver. On the other hand direct, comliances of the statutory notice would have resulted in the payment of the Income - tax dues and the attachment obviously would have fallen to the ground. As we have pointed out earlier without putting forth any all sorts of contentions against the liability to all sorts o contentions against the for us to accept Mr. Banaji contention that there as was no neglect as the part of the company to make payment as in contemplated by the provisions of section 434 of the Indian companies act.(14) In our view, the learned trial judge was right in coming to the conclusion that none of the technical points that had been urged before him on behalf of the company heady substance.(15) On merits Mr.Banaji contented before us that the petition had not been presented byte court Receiver bona fide but the proceedings were instated at the instance of Mahududanlal and other sons of Narayanalal with ulterior motives of causing harm to the company and the share holders in this behalf Mr. Banaji drew our attention to the several passages in the affidavits that has been filed before the learned trial judge to show that the their were disputes between Narayalal Bansilal on the one hand and his sons on the other Directors or the company and because the sons failed on this attempt to get power, the had instructed to the court Receiver to apply and obtain directions from the court to winding up the company and thereafter the present petition was filed by the court Receiver. In other words according to Mr. Banaji the main object with which the petition had been main filed was to come cause harm to the interest of the company and it shareholder because the sons powers in the management of the company. On the facts of the case we do find that there were dispute between the father on the one hand and the sons on the other and the other nominees of the father, but it apart from preventing the sons from getting and any hand the management of the company is also trying to fight his personal disputes with his sons and is taking shelter under both his dual capacity, one as a chairman of the Board of Directors of the company and the other as Karta and manager of the joint Hindu family as and when the occasion arises. In this behalf it is an admitted position has that several litigation are pending between the father on the one hand and the sons of the other and several suits have also been filed by the court Receiver against the so-called benamidars of the father in respect of share - holding in the company. But quite apart from this position, there could be no dispute that the company has failed nd neglected to pay the debt that was claimed by the Receiver under a statutory notice during the preside period of 21 days and therefore a right undoudtely accrued to the court Receiver a creditor to a file winding up petition against the company. Even apart from this debt, in the winding - up petition the court Receiver has referred t several other debts which are due and payable by the company to the third parties. For instance there is a reference to debt to the tune of Rs. 8,00,000/- owned by the company to the Bank of India in respect whereof the Bank of India in had obtained a decree against the company and amongst several ground that have been forward be the court receiver in his winding = up petitioner there are principally two on which the petitioner was pressed, first that the company was unable to pay its debts and secondly it was just and equitable that the company should be wound. In this regard it would justice shaggy to the observations of chief Justice Chalga to in Bachharaji Factories Ltd v. Hirjee Mills Ltd. where the learned chief justice has pointed out that the learned chied has pointed out that once a party had put proper matters before the court making out a prima facie was for winding up consideration was presented would be irrelevant. The relevant observations appear at p. 392 of the report (Bom LR) (at p. 361 of AIR) which run as follows.:-"We have not permitted Mr. .Mathalone to go into the mertis of these allegations about out opinion these allegations are entirely in reliant. If the petitioner have made out accuse for the winding up of the company it they have placed materials before the court which satisfy the court that the company if they have placed materials before the court which satisfy the court that the substratum of the company is gone it is difficult to understand what the motive of the petitioners has got to do with the question whether a order of winding up should be made or not." It is true that in that case the petitioners had placed sufficient materials before the made the court to show that the substratum of the company had gone and it was not possible for the company to carry on its business without difficult in the present case we may point out that apart form the several debts that are owed by the company to several credits which have not been satisfied by the Company a suggestion was made to by us to Mr. Banaji that if the company were also be by of any guarantee through any bank or Insurance Company, the winding - up petition may not be proceeding further and Mr. Banaji had taken time to consider that the suggestion and even after adjourning the matter once or twice nothing has been done by the company intuit behalf of secure the amount of Rs. 25/- lakhs and odd to the Income -tax authorities to the satisfaction of those authorities. In these circumstances we do not feel that the there is any substances I the contention urged by Mr. Banaji tht the petition is actuated by Mala fides and therefore, the suit ought by to have been admitted by the learned trial judge.

Decision:
0[ds](6) In out view in this case we are not called upon to decide the question as to whether a proceeding which is commenced by filing a windingup petition is a normal or proper mode realization of a debt or not. What we are really concerned with is as to the whether such a proceeding is proceeding "for realization of property" It is true as has been pointed out by Mr. Banaji that the main or dominate object of windingup petition its ensure the equitable distribution of the property to debtor. But is cannot be forgotten that before the there could be any equitable distribution of the property of the debtor amongst his creditors this and property must be first got in i.e. realized and it cannot be disputed that the property the debtor of realized by filing the windingup petition. It is not doubt true that the dominate object of suit o realize a particular debt, while that of windingup petition is the equitable distribution of the debtors property amongst his creditors of he debtors property amounts must necessarily be preceded by the getting in of all such debtors property and realization of all such property. It cannot be disputed that the necessary is consequence of filing a windingup petition is the realization of the all the property of debtor ad thereafter commences. In this view of t he matter it is clear that the proceedings which is commenced by filing a windingup petition s proceeding for realization of the property and therefore when the court Receiver was clothed with the all the court power under Order XL R 1(1) (d) of the code of civil procedure it must be file a windingup petition for he purpose to realizing the property the benefit of the which would endure to all the creditors of the company. We are, therefore, unable of accept Mr. Banaji contention that the court the Receiver in the present case has no power to present a windingpetition.(8) In our view the position in India is more clear and unambiguous, order XL of the Civil procedure Code deals with appointment of receivers and under Rule 1 a receiver could be empowered to bring and defend actions and for it realization management, protection preservation and improvement o f the property. It is well settled that one a receiver is appointed in by a court under O. XL r. 1 of the code of Civil Procedure with all the power mentioned is clause (d) of subtle (1) the property in respect whereof such a receiver is appointed in is custody legislature and party to the litigation except where of such receiver is appointed in he custody receiver is entitled to deal with the property of which he is entitled to file suit inches own name. If necessary we may refer to the decision of the supreme court reported In vendetta Mallayya v. Ramaswami and co. where their Lord ships of the supreme court have pointed out that "a receiver authors to collect the debt" is empowered to institute suit therefor and a suit instituted by the Receiver in his own name is perfectly competent. A decision of out court reported in Achut, v. Shivajirao, 39 Bom LR 224 (AIR 1937 Bom 224) has also taken the same view. Though it is true that the same time it is clear that the receiver s appointed is entitled to maintain action in his own name. In this view of the matter it is clear that the though the debt in respect whereof a statuary notice was issued byte court Receiver was really due to the members of the joint family the court Receiver who has been management and administration of the e entree joint family properties for the benefit of such parties who may ultimately by found entitled thereto, would be good petititonig creditors for the purpose of filing a windingup petition since in out view if the clear on authorities an action in this receiver is entitled to maintain an action in his own name. Reading the provision an action I his own name. Reading the provisions of Ss. 434 and 439 of the companions Act along with the provisions of O. XL R 1 civil procedure code we are be opinion that the court Receiver would be creditors of the company and as such was entitled to present the windinge are unable to accept this contention of Mr. Banaji for the simply reason that the section nowhere requires to that such notice the creditor should make a demand upon the debtor to make payment of the debt to himself. It is perfectly competent for the creditor to direct his debtor to make payment to a third party under such notice. Further we fail to appreciates as to how by issuing a notice in question the court Receiver put it beyond the reach in of he company to secure or company for the debt of the satisfaction of the court Receiver. On receipt of such notice from the notice court Receiver it would have been computed for debt of he reasonable satisfaction of the court Receiver if the company were so minded to do. On the the hand, what we find is that the company by its reply, dated 17the July 1962 raised various disputed with regard to their liability of the said debt or containing that debt was not due to the joint family or Narayanalal and others but that it was due and payable to the four individuals from whom the company and purchased a sugarcane farm. Significantly enough, we may point out by Mr. Banaji has not evenstated b the 17th July 1962. In has nowhere been stated by the company in its reply that because of the manner in which the had notice has been given the company had been deprived of its right to the company to secure to compound for the debtors the reasonable satisfaction of the court receiver. It clear onto facts of the case that the under the conveyances a sum of Rs. Twentyfive lakhss and odd was payable by the company to Narayanala Bensilal and his sons. There is no dispute that the income tax lakhs of rupees were due and payable of Narayanalal Bansilal to the income tax authorities and in the at behalf debt in the thanes to the company had been attached by the Additional Income = tax officer. This fact is even referred to byte court Receiver in this statutory notice. After referring to the fact the company a has been called upon the by court Receiver to make payment of the debt due to the Additional Collector of Bombay obviously to the purpose of liquidating the incometax dues. In theses circumstances it is difficult to accept Mr. Banajis contention that the notice that has been issued by the court receiver is defective or is not in accordances with the provisions of section 434 of the India companiesour view the facts of the present case was are clearly distinguishable from the facts which obtained intake case decided the [1886] 2 Eq. 521. In the first palce from the fact which have been recited in the report it appears that the court considered to the amount due by the banking company to the creditor a bevy in considerable amount secondly the fact that the petitioners debt had been attached in Lord Mayors Court was undoubtedly taken in consideration as result of which if was stated. That the attachment had the effect of seizing debt into the hands of Lord Mayos court. In those circumstances it was held that the interest of the petitioners as a creditors was very uncertain is it character and therefore the petition for windingup should be dismissed. In the present case the fact are entirely different. The amount claimed by the court Receiver on behalf of the joint family s not an insignificant amount. Incidentally it may be stated that the petitioners in his petition had referred to several other debts which the company owned to other creditors apart form the this debt of Rs. 25,00,000/which was payable to the joint family or Narayanalal Bansilal and his sons. Further the most important distinguishing feature, the most important distingusing feather statutory notice issued under section 434 the court Receiver had in fact called upon the company to make payment to the income tax authorities for the purpose of liquidating the incometax dues for nonpayment of which the debt had been attached. If by statutory notice the court Receiver had called upon the company to make payment of dues himself in spitted he attachment on that debt, the company would intuit case have been unable to comply with such requisition because of the attachment levied on that debt., due to the additional Collectors the Bombay for the purposes of liquidating the incometax dues forth pose non = payment of which the attachment had been levied. In these circumstances it is difficult to accept Mr. Banajis contention it that because of subsisting attachment on the debt at the insane of the income tax authorities, the company was unable to comply with the requisitions contained in the statutory notice issued byte court Receiver. On the other hand direct, comliances of the statutory notice would have resulted in the payment of the Incometax dues and the attachment obviously would have fallen to the ground. As we have pointed out earlier without putting forth any all sorts of contentions against the liability to all sorts o contentions against the for us to accept Mr. Banaji contention that there as was no neglect as the part of the company to make payment as in contemplated by the provisions of section 434 of the Indian companies act.(14) In our view, the learned trial judge was right in coming to the conclusion that none of the technical points that had been urged before him on behalf of the company headythe facts of the case we do find that there were dispute between the father on the one hand and the sons on the other and the other nominees of the father, but it apart from preventing the sons from getting and any hand the management of the company is also trying to fight his personal disputes with his sons and is taking shelter under both his dual capacity, one as a chairman of the Board of Directors of the company and the other as Karta and manager of the joint Hindu family as and when the occasion arises. In this behalf it is an admitted position has that several litigation are pending between the father on the one hand and the sons of the other and several suits have also been filed by the court Receiver against thebenamidars of the father in respect of shareholding in the company. But quite apart from this position, there could be no dispute that the company has failed nd neglected to pay the debt that was claimed by the Receiver under a statutory notice during the preside period of 21 days and therefore a right undoudtely accrued to the court Receiver a creditor to a file winding up petition against the company. Even apart from this debt, in the windingup petition the court Receiver has referred t several other debts which are due and payable by the company to the third parties. For instance there is a reference to debt to the tune of Rs. 8,00,000/owned by the company to the Bank of India in respect whereof the Bank of India in had obtained a decree against the company and amongst several ground that have been forward be the court receiver in his winding = up petitioner there are principally two on which the petitioner was pressed, first that the company was unable to pay its debts and secondly it was just and equitable that the company should be wound. In this regard it would justice shaggy to the observations of chief Justice Chalga to in Bachharaji Factories Ltd v. Hirjee Mills Ltd. where the learned chief justice has pointed out that the learned chied has pointed out that once a party had put proper matters before the court making out a prima facie was for winding up consideration was presented would be irrelevant. The relevant observations appear at p. 392 of the report (Bom LR) (at p. 361 of AIR) which run ashave not permitted Mr. .Mathalone to go into the mertis of these allegations about out opinion these allegations are entirely in reliant. If the petitioner have made out accuse for the winding up of the company it they have placed materials before the court which satisfy the court that the company if they have placed materials before the court which satisfy the court that the substratum of the company is gone it is difficult to understand what the motive of the petitioners has got to do with the question whether a order of winding up should be made or not." It is true that in that case the petitioners had placed sufficient materials before the made the court to show that the substratum of the company had gone and it was not possible for the company to carry on its business without difficult in the present case we may point out that apart form the several debts that are owed by the company to several credits which have not been satisfied by the Company a suggestion was made to by us to Mr. Banaji that if the company were also be by of any guarantee through any bank or Insurance Company, the windingup petition may not be proceeding further and Mr. Banaji had taken time to consider that the suggestion and even after adjourning the matter once or twice nothing has been done by the company intuit behalf of secure the amount of Rs. 25/lakhs and odd to the Incometax authorities to the satisfaction of those authorities. In these circumstances we do not feel that the there is any substances I the contention urged by Mr. Banaji tht the petition is actuated by Mala fides and therefore, the suit ought by to have been admitted by the learned trial judge.