DevLan/vispubs huggingface dataset:
Run-time visualization of program data
Authors: Allan Tuchman, David Jablonowski, George Cybenko
Published at Vis, 1991

An improvement to visualization systems that provides a graphics window into an application displaying program data at run-time through an easy-to-use graphical interface is discussed. With little or no instrumentation of the application the user will be able to dynamically select data for graphical display as the program executes on a remote computer system. The data to be displayed and the type of display to be used are chosen interactively while the application is executing. Any data display can be enabled and disabled at any time; it is not necessary to specify the data or graphics technique before compilation as with conventional graphics tools. An architecture for such a remote visualization system is proposed, and an implementation, called Vista, is described. Designed primarily for scientific visualization, Vista or offers an environment for more effective debugging and program development.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Scientific visualization from inside the metacomputer
Authors: Larry L. Smarr
Published at Vis, 1991

Summary form only given, as follows. Historically, scientific visualization has been carried out in two primary modes: interactive on desktop computers, and batch on high-performance computers. The next decade will see a merging of these two approaches with the advent of high-speed networking. The networking is hierarchical in speed from Ethernet to FDDI to HiPPI. This network effectively unites desktop computers with higher-value remote resources into a single metacomputer. To take advantage of this new hardware configuration, distributed visualization software is being developed which allows the flexibility of the local workstation to be coupled with the computing power of distant supercomputers. Examples are discussed for 2D raster graphics and 3D rendered surface and volumetric graphics. These new capabilities are having a remarkable impact on computational science.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Shadowed hedgehogs: a technique for visualizing 2D slices of 3D vector fields
Authors: R. Victor Klassen, Steven J. Harrington
Published at Vis, 1991

The technique of placing directed line segments at grid points, known as hedgehogging, which has been used for visualizing 2D vector fields, is considered. A means of rapidly rendering a slice of a 3D field, suitable for a bilevel display, is provided. Shape and shadowing are used to disambiguate orientation. Liberal use of lookup tables makes the technique very fast.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Span filtering: an optimization scheme for volume visualization of large finite element models
Authors: Richard S. Gallagher
Published at Vis, 1991

Techniques for displaying 3D isovalues of scalar fields such as stress within a solid finite-element model generally involve examining each element for values of interest. An inexpensive, straightforward method is discussed for reducing the number of elements searched for such isovalues. It takes advantage of one traversal of the element data to yield a compact classification of the model by result values and ranges, with no sorting required. This data structure can then relate any scalar isovalue to a set of element groups which are closely inclusive of the isovalue. This method is intended for applications requiring repeated access to the analysis data, such as animation and interactive rendering of isosurfaces and scalar fields. While applicable to general volume visualization problems, it is particularly well suited to optimizing real-valued continuum field results such as those found in finite-element data.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
The asymptotic decider: resolving the ambiguity in marching cubes
Authors: Gregory M. Nielson, Bernd Hamann
Published at Vis, 1991

A method for computing isovalue or contour surfaces of a trivariate function is discussed. The input data are values of the trivariate function, F/sub ijk/, at the cuberille grid points (x/sub i/, y/sub j/, z/sub k/), and the output of a collection of triangles representing the surface consisting of all points where F(x,y,z) is a constant value. The method is a modification that is intended to correct a problem with a previous method.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
The electronic structure of oxygen in silicon as revealed by volume visualization of Ab initio calculations
Authors: Robert H. Wolfe, Mark Needels, John D. Joannopoulos
Published at Vis, 1991

Volumetric rendering is applied to the interpretation of atomic-scale data generated from quantum molecular dynamics computations. In particular, for silicon computations it is found that volumetric visualization of the computed 3D electronic charge density is a valuable tool for identifying defect states in silicon lattices in which oxygen atoms occur as impurities. Rendering of several judiciously selected ranges of charge density in translucent colors provides an effective means of identifying broken or altered molecular bonds and induced charge excesses in the lattice. The resulting 3D images reveal important features missed previously in 2D charge density contour maps. Stereoscopic 'blink comparison' of image pairs is an extremely valuable way to study the structural differences among various configurations, and animation provides significant insight into the molecular dynamics.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
The hyperbox
Authors: Bowen Alpern, Larry Carter
Published at Vis, 1991

A hyperbox is a two-dimensional depiction of an N-dimensional box (rectangular parallelepiped). The authors define the visual syntax of hyperboxes, state some properties, and sketch two applications. Hyperboxes can be evocative visual names for tensors or multidimensional arrays in visual programming languages. They can also be used to simultaneously display all pairwise relationships in an N-dimensional dataset. This can be helpful in choosing a sequence of dimension-reducing transformations that preserve interesting properties of the dataset.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
The stream polygon: A technique for 3D vector field visualization
Authors: William J. Schroeder, Christopher R. Volpe, William E. Lorensen
Published at Vis, 1991

A method is presented for the visualization of 3D vector fields. The stream polygon, which is a regular, n-sided polygon, oriented normal to the local vector, can present local deformations due to rigid body rotation and both normal and shear strain. The effect of translation and scalar functions can be represented by sweeping the stream polygon along the streamline, and by appropriately varying the radius and shading the surface of the resulting streamtube. A mathematical foundation for the stream is developed, and examples with application to velocity field visualization are provided.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
The virtual windtunnel: An environment for the exploration of three-dimensional unsteady flows
Authors: Steve Bryson, Creon Levit
Published at Vis, 1991

A recently completed implementation of a virtual environment for exploring numerically generated three-dimensional unsteady flowfields is described. A boom-mounted six-degree-of-freedom head-position-sensitive stereo CRT system is used for viewing. A hand-position-sensitive glove controller is used for injecting various tracers (e.g. smoke) into the virtual flowfield. A multiprocessor graphics workstation is used for computation and rendering. The techniques for visualizing unsteady flows are described, and the computer requirements for a variety of visualization techniques are discussed. These techniques generalize to visualization of other 3D vector fields.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
The visual comparison of three sequences
Authors: Kenneth P. Hinkley, Matthew O. Ward
Published at Vis, 1991

A method of visual comparison is described, that provides the scientist with a unique tool to study the qualitative relationships between three sequences of numbers or symbols. The program displays a 3D shape containing the sequence similarities and differences, which manifest themselves as simple geometric shapes and colors that a human observer can easily detect and classify. The method presents all possible correlations to the user, giving it a considerable advantage over existing sequence comparison tools that only search for a programmed subset of all possible correlations. Thus, using this technique, researchers may detect sequence similarities that other analytic methods might completely overlook. The program can also filter out undesirable or insignificant correlations. The technique is easily adapted to a wide range of applications.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Topographical mapping of brain electrical activity
Authors: Samuel K. Law, Paul L. Nunez, Andrew F. Westdorp, Arden V. Nelson, Kenneth L. Pilgreen
Published at Vis, 1991

Current topographical mapping methods and problems associated with mapping are reviewed, and one approach for improving the spatial resolution of scalp recorded EEGs is detailed. In particular, techniques for interpolating the potential distribution and estimating the surface Laplacian from multichannel data are presented and applied to human evoked potential data. Although developed for electroencephalographic data, these spline algorithms can be applied to a variety of fields where visualization of spatial information is desired.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Tree-maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures
Authors: Brian Johnson, Ben Shneiderman
Published at Vis, 1991

A method for visualizing hierarchically structured information is described. The tree-map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a rectangular region in a space-filling manner. This efficient use of space allows very large hierarchies to be displayed in their entirety and facilitates the presentation of semantic information. Tree-maps can depict both the structure and content of the hierarchy. However, the approach is best suited to hierarchies in which the content of the leaf nodes and the structure of the hierarchy are of primary importance, and the content information associated with internal nodes is largely derived from their children.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Two widely-different architectural approaches to computer image generation
Authors: Hyun Wook Park, Kil-Su Eo, D. L. Kim, B. K. Choi, Yongmin Kim 0001, Thomas Alexander
Published at Vis, 1991

A description is given of the computer graphics aspects of two architectures designed for imaging and graphics. The two systems use parallel and pipelined architectures for high-performance graphics operations. UWGPSP3 uses only commercially available off-the-shelf chips, and consists of a TM34020 graphics system processor and four TMS34082 floating point coprocessors that can be configured into pipelined or SIMD modes depending on the algorithm. UWGSP4 uses dedicated ASIC chips for higher performance, and consists of two main computational parts: a parallel vector processor with 16 vector processing units, used mainly for image processing, and a graphics subsystem which utilizes a parallel pipelined architecture for image synthesis.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualisation tools for semiconductor modelling software
Authors: Duncan Stevenson
Published at Vis, 1991

This paper looks at the issues involved in using a visualization software package to extend the scope of an existing suite of semiconductor modeling software. The visualization software and its hardware platform represent the state of the art in powerful interactive workstation visualization systems. A range of important issues to be considered when applying off-the-shelf visualization software to a real-world scientific problem is identified.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualization and analysis of multi-variate data: a technique for all fields
Authors: Ted Mihalisin, John Timlin, John Schwegler
Published at Vis, 1991

A technique is presented for plotting large multivariate data sets that involves the mapping of n independent variable dimensions on to a single hierarchical horizontal axis with a single dependent variable being plotted on the vertical axis. The emphasis is on visual statistical analysis of either discrete variables or continuous variables that have been sampled on, or binned to, a regular n-dimensional lattice. The general applicability of the technique is discussed, and ways are explored of representing the hierarchical data-driven symbols that are particularly well suited to a variety of visual analysis tasks.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualization in computational fluid dynamics: a case study
Authors: Robert Haimes, David L. Darmofal
Published at Vis, 1991

VISUAL 3, a highly interactive environment for the visualization of 3D volumetric scientific data, is described. The volume can be broken up in a structured or unstructured manner, and the problem can be static or unsteady in time. Because the data are volumetric and all the information can be changing, traditional CAD techniques are not appropriate. Therefore, VISUAL3 was developed using intermediate mode-rendering methods. A unique aspect of VISUAL3 is the dimensional windowing approach coupled with cursor mapping, which allows efficient pointing in 3D space. VISUAL3 is composed of a large number of visualization tools that can be generally classified into identification, scanning, and probing techniques.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualization of equations in an interactive environment
Authors: David Watson, Jakub Wejchert, David W. Williams, Bri M. Collins
Published at Vis, 1991

A method of visualizing equations in their explicit form using 3D fields is described. Equations are written algebraically, interpreted by an equation parser, and then expressed as scalar fields. Fields are represented as isosurfaces, making use of an algorithm similar to the method of marching cubes. The implementation allows the real-time interaction of equation parameters, isosurface rotations, and coloring. A variety of applications from mathematics and physics are given, together with examples of construction of data probes using equations.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualizing 4-D medical ultrasound data
Authors: Nils Thune, Bjørn Olstad
Published at Vis, 1991

Different standard rendering methods applied to 4-D medical ultrasound data are discussed. In particular, maximum value projection, sum of values projection, transparent gray level gradient shading, and surface shading have been tested. Due to the fact that ultrasound data suffer from a low signal to noise ratio, image processing and image analysis are used to enhance and classify the volumetric data set.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualizing causal effects in 4D space-time vector fields
Authors: Deborah Silver, M. Gao, Norman J. Zabusky
Published at Vis, 1991

A method is presented for juxtaposing 4D space-time vector fields, of which one contains a source variable and the other the response field. Thresholding, ellipsoid fitting, and vortex line generation are used to reduce the amount of information and help analyze the relationship between two 3D vector variables evolving in time. The technique helps to highlight the topological relationship between the two in an effort to understand the causal connection. These concepts are applied to on-going research in evolving fluid dynamics problems.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualizing chemical kinetics in fractal domains
Authors: Neal E. Hurlburt, Lola W. Anacker, Raoul Kopelman
Published at Vis, 1991

Chemical reactions occurring within complex domains, such as fractals, can display behavior which differs radically from the expectation of classical chemical kinetics. Rather than relaxing to a uniform distribution at the steady state, these nonclassical systems display large-scale order on many scales. Such self-organization is difficult to measure using the usual statistical techniques, but is visually apparent. The authors discuss some of the problems of visualizing chemical kinetics in fractal domains and describe evolution of the visualization as the chemist and visualization scientist collaborated.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualizing environmental data for program decision support
Authors: J. Burnetti, R. Manley, W. Mitchell, D. Varnadore
Published at Vis, 1991

The McClellan Air Force Base Installation Restoration Program (IRP), which is responsible for identifying and remedying environmental contamination from past operation and disposal practices, is considered. Since 1979, the IRP has generated over 200 volumes of technical reports regarding the degree and extent of contamination at the base. The base is in the process of automating the storage, retrieval, and analysis of the technical data generated by the cleanup program. The requirements for the IRP technical information system are discussed, the development approach taken is presented, visualization results from the system prototype are illustrated, and future plans for development of the system are outlined.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Visualizing the fourth dimension using geometry and light
Authors: Andrew J. Hanson, Pheng-Ann Heng
Published at Vis, 1991

Techniques for visualizing mathematical objects in four-dimensional (4D) space that exploit four-dimensional lighting effects are explored. The geometry of image production, stereography, and shadows in 4D is analyzed. Alternatives for smooth and specular shaded rendering of curves, surfaces, and solids in 4D are examined and a new approach that systematically converts curves or surfaces into uniquely renderable solids in 4D space by attaching spheres or circles to each point is proposed. Analogs of 3D shading methods are used to produce volume renderings that distinguish objects whose 3D projections from 4D are identical. Analyzing the procedures needed to justify and evaluate a system as this for teaching humans to 'see' in four dimensions leads to the proposal of a generally applicable four-step visualization paradigm.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Volume rendering of flow-visualization point data
Authors: Paul Gene Swann, Sudhanshu Kumar Semwal
Published at Vis, 1991

A survey of 2D and 3D flow visualization techniques is provided. The approach is based on applying volume rendering to flow-visualization data. Linear interpolation and B-spline approximation are used, and several views are given for both. Suggestions for efficient volume rendering are provided.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Volume visualization comes of age: the state of the art in technology and application
Authors: Vincent Argiro, Mary Whitton, Alan Evans, Wulf Massell, Stephen Paddock, Elliot Fishman
Published at Vis, 1991

This paper examines the role of experimental design, data acquisition equipment, and system integration in the holistic solution picture. Issues include data formats, distributed computing environments, and the need for truly interactive, even real-time systems. A major theme is reaching beyond volume visualization to 'volume comprehension' through volume segmentation, mensuration, and geometry extraction.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Cone Trees: animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information
Authors: George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, Stuart K. Card
Published at CHI, 1991

The task of managing and accessing large information spaces is a problem in large scale cognition. Enwrging technologies for 3D visualization and interactive aninlaiion offer potential solutions to this problenl, especially when the structure of the information can be visualized. We describe one of these Information Visualtzaiion techniques, called the Cone Tree, which is used for visualizing hierarchical information structures. The hierarchy is presented in 3D to nlaxilnize effective use of available screen space and enable visualization of the whole structure. Interactive aninlation is used (,o shift sonle of the user’s cognitive load to the human perceptual system,
IMPACT: an interactive natural-motion-picture dedicated multimedia authoring system
Authors: Hirotada Ueda, Takafumi Miyatake, Satoshi Yoshizawa
Published at CHI, 1991

A new approach to achieving a natural-motion-picture dedicated multi-media authoring system is proposed. The main point of this approach, discussed in this paper, is that the user’s environment or interface is improved to encourage user’s creativity, with image processing and recognition technology. According to the discussion, a prototype motion picture authoring system dtat has several image-processing functions is developed. The newly developed functions include object extraction of the picture, semi-automatic visualization of motion pictures structure, and certain descriptions of the scene. Result of using the prototype shows the appropriateness of the proposed approach.
Information visualization using 3D interactive animation
Authors: George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, Stuart K. Card
Published at CHI, 1991

INTRODUCTION Information Visualization uses computer graphics and interactive animation to stimulate recognition of patterns and structure in information. It does so by exploiting the human perceptual system in ways similar to Scientific Visualization, which allows scientists to perceive patterns in large data collections. While Scientific Visualization typically works on data from simulations of physical processes, Information Visualization works on the structure of information inherent in large information spaces. This video shows a prototype system, called the Information Visualizer, and two information visualization techniques used to access information both by structure and by content. Cone Trees are used for visualizing hierarchical information structures. The Perspective Wall is used for visualizing linear information structures. Both techniques use 3D to maximize effective use of available screen space and enable visualization of the whole structure. Interactive animation is used to shift some of the user’s cognitive load to the human perceptual system. The video concludes with a series of examples from an application scenario, based on managing an organization.
The information visualizer, an information workspace
Authors: Stuart K. Card, George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay
Published at CHI, 1991

This paper proposes a concept for the user interface of information retrieval systems called an information workspace. The concept goes beyond the usual notion of an information retrieval system to encompass the cost structure of information from secondary storage to immediate use. As an implementation of the concept, the paper describes an experimental system, called the Information Visualizer, and its rationale. The system is based on (1) the use of 3D/Rooms for increasing the capacity of immediate storage avaitable to the user, (2) the Cognitive Co-processor scheduler-based user interface interaction architecture for coupling the user to information agents, and (3) the use of information visualization for interacting with information structure.
The perspective wall: detail and context smoothly integrated
Authors: Jock D. Mackinlay, George G. Robertson, Stuart K. Card
Published at CHI, 1991

Tasks that involve large information spaces overwhelm workspaces that do not support efiicient use of space and time. For example, case studies indicate that information often contains linear components, which can result in 2D layouts with wide, inefficient aspect ratios. This paper describes a technique called the Perspective W’aU for visualizing linear information by smoothly integrating detailed and contextual views. It uses hardware support for 3D interactive animation to fold wide 2D layouts into intuitive 3D visualizations that have a center panel for detail and two perspective panels for context. The resulting visualization supports efficient use of space and time.