DevLan/vispubs huggingface dataset:
Visualizing association rules for text mining
Authors: Pak Chung Wong, Paul Whitney, James J. Thomas
Published at InfoVis, 1999

An association rule in data mining is an implication of the form X/spl rarr/Y where X is a set of antecedent items and Y is the consequent item. For years researchers have developed many tools to visualize association rules. However, few of these tools can handle more than dozens of rules, and none of them can effectively manage rules with multiple antecedents. Thus, it is extremely difficult to visualize and understand the association information of a large data set even when all the rules are available. This paper presents a novel visualization technique to tackle many of these problems. We apply the technology to a text mining study on large corpora. The results indicate that our design can easily handle hundreds of multiple antecedent association rules in a three-dimensional display with minimum human interaction, low occlusion percentage, and no screen swapping.
Excentric Labeling: Dynamic Neighborhood Labeling for Data Visualization
Authors: Jean-Daniel Fekete, Catherine Plaisant
Published at CHI, 1999

The widespread use of information visualization is hampered bythe lack of effective labeling techniques. An informal taxonomy oflabeling methods is proposed. We then describe excentric labeling,a new dynamic technique to label a neighborhood of objects locatedaround the cursor. This technique does not intrude into theexisting interaction, it is not computationally intensive, and waseasily applied to several visualization applications. A pilot studywith eight subjects indicates a strong speed benefit over a zoominterface for tasks that involve the exploration of large numbersof objects. Observations and comments from users are presented.
The Reader's Helper: A Personalized Document Reading Environment
Authors: Jamey Graham
Published at CHI, 1999

Over the last two centuries, reading styles have shifted awayfrom the reading of documents from beginning to end and toward theskimming of documents in search of relevant information. This trendcontinues today where readers, often confronted with aninsurmountable amount of text, seek more efficient methods ofextracting relevant information from documents. In this paper, anew document reading environment is introduced called the ReadersHelperTM, which supports the reading of electronic and paperdocuments. The Readers Helper analyzes documents and produces arelevance score for each of the readers topics of interest, therebyhelping the reader decide whether the document is actually worthskimming or reading. Moreover, during the analysis process, topicof interest phrases are automatically annotated to help the readerquickly locate relevant information. A new informationvisualization tool, called the ThumbarTM, is used in conjunctionwith relevancy scoring and automatic annotation to portray acontinuous, dynamic thumb-nail representation of the document. Thisfurther supports rapid navigation of the text.
TouchCounters: Designing Interactive Electronic Labels for Physical Containers
Authors: Paul Yarin, Hiroshi Ishii 0001
Published at CHI, 1999

We present TouchCounters, an integrated system of electronicmodules, physical storage containers, and shelving surfaces for thesupport of collaborative physical work. Through physical sensorsand local displays, TouchCounters record and display usage historyinformation upon physical storage containers, thus allowing accessto this information during the performance of real-world tasks. Adistributed communications network allows this data to be exchangedwith a server, such that users can access this information fromremote locations as well.
Based upon prior work in ubiquitous computing and tangibleinterfaces, TouchCounters incorporate new techniques, includingusage history tracking for physical objects and multi-displayvisualization. This paper describes the components, interactions,implementation, and conceptual approach of the TouchCounterssystem.
Visualizing Implicit Queries for Information Management and Retrieval
Authors: Mary Czerwinski, Susan T. Dumais, George G. Robertson, Susan Dziadosz, Scott Lee Tiernan, Maarten van Dantzich
Published at CHI, 1999

In this paper, we describe the use of similarity metrics in anovel visual environment for storing and retrieving favorite webpages. The similarity metrics, called Implicit Queries, areused to automatically highlight stored web pages that are relatedto the currently selected web page. Two experiments explored howusers manage their personal web information space with and withoutthe Implicit Query highlighting and later retrieve their stored webpages. When storing and organizing web pages, users with ImplicitQuery highlighting generated slightly more categories. ImplicitQueries also led to faster web page retrieval time, although theresults were not statistically significant.
VR's Frames of Reference: A Visualization Technique for Mastering Abstract Multidimensional Information
Authors: Marilyn C. Salzman, Christopher J. Dede, R. Bowen Loftin
Published at CHI, 1999

This paper describes a research study that investigated howdesigners can use frames of reference (egocentric, exocentric, anda combination of the two) to support the mastery of abstractmultidimensional information. The primary focus of this study wasthe relationship between FORs and mastery; the secondary focus wason other factors (individual characteristics and interactionexperience) that were likely to influence the relationship betweenFORs and mastery. This studys outcomes (1) clarify how FORs work inconjunction with other factors in shaping mastery, (2) highlightstrengths and weaknesses of different FORs, (3) demonstrate thebenefits of providing multiple FORs, and (4) provide the basis forour recommendations to HCI researchers and designers.
A case study using the virtual environment for reconstructive surgery
Authors: Kevin Montgomery, Michael Stephanides, Stephen Schendel, Muriel Ross
Published at Vis, 1998

The paper details the use of a Virtual Environment for Reconstructive Surgery (VERS) in the case of a 17 year-old boy with a severe facial defect, arising from the removal of a soft tissue tumor. Computed tomography (CT) scans were taken of the patient, the data were segmented, a mesh was generated, and this patient-specific mesh was used in a virtual environment by the surgeons for preoperative visualization of the defect, planning of the surgery, and production of a custom surgical template to aid in repairing the defect. The paper details the case of this patient, provides a background on the virtual environment technology used, discusses the difficulties encountered, and describes the lessons learned.
A concept for virtual reality tools for design reviews
Authors: Klaus Kremer
Published at Vis, 1998

The paper discusses a concept for virtual reality tools for use in design reviews of mechanical products. In this discussion, the special requirements of a virtual environment are given consideration. The focus of this paper is on suggestions for the visualization and arrangement of a product, its structure, its components and their alternatives together in one environment. The realization of these concepts results in a 3D-interface that allows users, especially engineers, to evaluate different configurations of a product and gives them direct access to the product structure. By applying various visualization techniques, product components and their attributes, e.g., their price, can be brought together into one visualization. Thus, in contrast to state-of-the-art software, the product structure, three-dimensional, real-sized components, and attribute values can be combined together in 3D-visualizations. This research was done in cooperation with Christoph Brandt, member of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute's virtual reality group.
A distributed blackboard architecture for interactive data visualization
Authors: Robert van Liere, Jan Harkes, Wim C. de Leeuw
Published at Vis, 1998

In this paper the motivation, design and application of a distributed blackboard architecture for interactive data visualization is discussed. The main advantages of the architecture are twofold. First, it allows visualization tools to be tightly integrated with simulations. Second, it allows qualitative and quantitative analysis to be combined during the visualization process.
A general method for preserving attribute values on simplified meshes
Authors: Paolo Cignoni, Claudio Montani, Roberto Scopigno, Claudio Rocchini
Published at Vis, 1998

Many sophisticated solutions have been proposed to reduce the geometric complexity of 3D meshes. A problem studied less often is how to preserve on a simplified mesh the detail (e.g., color, high frequency shape detail, scalar fields, etc.) which is encoded in the original mesh. We present a general approach for preserving detail on simplified meshes. The detail (or high frequency information) lost after simplification is encoded through texture or bump maps. The original contribution is that preservation is performed after simplification, by building set of triangular texture patches that are then packed in a single texture map. Each simplified mesh face is sampled to build the associated triangular texture patch; a new method for storing this set of texture patches into a standard rectangular texture is presented and discussed. Our detail preserving approach makes no assumptions about the simplification process adopted to reduce mesh complexity and allows highly efficient rendering. The solution is very general, allowing preservation of any attribute value defined on the high resolution mesh. We also describe an alternative application: the conversion of 3D models with 3D static procedural textures into standard 3D models with 2D textures.
A higher-order method for finding vortex core lines
Authors: Martin Roth, Ronald Peikert
Published at Vis, 1998

This paper presents a novel method to extract vortical structures from 3D CFD (computational fluid dynamics) vector fields automatically. It discusses the underlying theory and some aspects of the implementation. Making use of higher-order derivatives, the method is able to locate bent vortices. In order to structure the recognition procedure, we distinguish locating the core line from calculating attributes of strength and quality. Results are presented on several flow fields from the field of turbomachinery.
A unified approach for simplifying polygonal and spline models
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Gopi, Dinesh Manocha
Published at Vis, 1998

We present a new approach for simplifying models composed of polygons or spline patches. Given an input model, the algorithm computes a new representation of the model in terms of triangular Bezier patches. It performs a series of geometric operations, consisting of patch merging and swapping diagonals, and makes use of batch connectivity information to generate C-LODs (curved levels-of-detail). Each C-LOD is represented using cubic triangular Bezier patches. The C-LODs provide a compact representation for storing the model. The algorithm tries to minimize the surface deviation error and maintains continuity at patch boundaries. Given the CLODs, the algorithm can generate their polygonal approximations using static and dynamic tessellation schemes. It has been implemented and we highlight its performance on a number of polygonal and spline models.
Accelerated ray-casting for curvilinear volumes
Authors: Lichan Hong, Arie E. Kaufman
Published at Vis, 1998

We present an efficient and robust ray-casting algorithm for directly rendering a curvilinear volume of arbitrarily-shaped cells. We designed the algorithm to alleviate the consumption of CPU power and memory space. By incorporating the essence of the projection paradigm into the ray-casting process, we have successfully accelerated the ray traversal through the grid and data interpolations at sample points. Our algorithm also overcomes the conventional limitation requiring the cells to be convex. Application of this algorithm to several commonly-used curvilinear data sets has produced a favorable performance when compared with recently reported algorithms.
Acoustic imaging and visualization of plumes discharging from black smoker vents on the deep seafloor
Authors: Peter A. Rona, Karen G. Bemis, Deepak R. Kenchammana-Hosekote, Deborah Silver
Published at Vis, 1998

Visualization and quantification methods are being developed to analyze our acoustic images of thermal plumes containing metallic mineral particles that discharge from hot springs on the deep seafloor. The acoustic images record intensity of backscattering from the particulate matter suspended in the plumes. The visualization methods extract, classify, visualize, measure and track reconstructions of the plumes, depicted by isointensity surfaces as 3D volume objects and 2D slices. The parameters measured, including plume volume, cross sectional area, centerline location (trajectory), surface area and isosurfaces at percentages of maximum backscatter intensity, are being used to derive elements of plume behavior including expansion with height, dilution, and mechanisms of entrainment of surrounding seawater. Our aim is to compare the observational data with predictions of plume theory to test and advance models of the behavior of hydrothermal plumes through the use of multiple representations.
Art and Visualization: Oil and Water?
Authors: David H. Laidlaw, David Kremers, Felica Frankel, Victoria Interrante, Thomas F. Banchoff
Published at Vis, 1998

Art and visualization have progressed on parallel paths, often visiting similar points in the space of imagery. This panel session brings together artists who have scientific interests with scientists who have artistic interests. Together, we hope to stimulate excitement about searching the collective experience of centuries of artists to find concepts salient to visualization. Each of the panelists will discuss some of their work, giving concrete examples of joint art/science endeavors. We have organized our statements around the following questions:
Automatic detection of open and closed separation and attachment lines
Authors: David N. Kenwright
Published at Vis, 1998

A fully automatic feature detection algorithm is presented that locates and distinguishes lines of flow separation and attachment on surfaces in 3D numerical flow fields. The algorithm is based on concepts from 2D phase-plane analysis of linear vector fields. Unlike prior visualization techniques based on particle tracing or flow topology, the phase-plane algorithm detects separation using local analytic tests. The results show that it not only detects the standard closed separation lines but also the illusive open separation lines which are not captured by flow topology methods.
Battlefield visualization on the responsive workbench
Authors: Jim Durbin, J. Edward Swan II, Brad Colbert, John Crowe, Rob King, Tony King, Christopher Scannell, Zachary Wartell, Terry Welsh
Published at Vis, 1998

In this paper we describe a battlefield visualization system, called Dragon, which we have implemented on a virtual reality responsive workbench. The Dragon system has been successfully deployed as part of two large military exercises: the Hunter Warrior advanced warfighting experiment, in March 1997, and the Joint Counter Mine advanced concept tactical demonstration, in August and September 1997. We describe battlefield visualization, the Dragon system, and the workbench, and we describe our experiences as part of these two real-world deployments, with an emphasis on lessons learned and needed future work.
Building perceptual textures to visualize multidimensional datasets
Authors: Christopher G. Healey, James T. Enns
Published at Vis, 1998

Presents a new method for using texture to visualize multi-dimensional data elements arranged on an underlying 3D height field. We hope to use simple texture patterns in combination with other visual features like hue and intensity to increase the number of attribute values we can display simultaneously. Our technique builds perceptual texture elements (or pexels) to represent each data element. Attribute values encoded in the data element are used to vary the appearance of a corresponding pexel. Texture patterns that form when the pexels are displayed can be used to rapidly and accurately explore the dataset. Our pexels are built by controlling three separate texture dimensions: height, density and regularity. Results from computer graphics, computer vision and cognitive psychology have identified these dimensions as important for the formation of perceptual texture patterns. We conducted a set of controlled experiments to measure the effectiveness of these dimensions, and to identify any visual interference that may occur when all three are displayed simultaneously at the same spatial location. Results from our experiments show that these dimensions can be used in specific combinations to form perceptual textures for visualizing multidimensional datasets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by applying it to two real-world visualization environments: tracking typhoon activity in southeast Asia, and analyzing ocean conditions in the northern Pacific.
Comparing LIC and spot noise
Authors: Wim C. de Leeuw, Robert van Liere
Published at Vis, 1998

Spot noise and line integral convolution (LIC) are two texture synthesis techniques for vector field visualization. The two techniques are compared. Continuous directional convolution is used as a common basis for comparing the techniques. It is shown that the techniques are based on the same mathematical concept. Comparisons of the visual appearance of the output and performance of the algorithms are made.
Configuration space visualization for mechanical design
Authors: Elisha Sacks, Leo Joskowicz
Published at Vis, 1998

We are studying difficult geometric problems in computer-aided mechanical design where visualization plays a key role. The research addresses the fundamental design task of contact analysis: deriving the part contacts and the ensuing motion constraints in a mechanical system. We have automated contact analysis of general planar systems via configuration space computation. Configuration space is a geometric representation of rigid-body interaction that encodes quantitative information, such as part motion paths, and qualitative information, such as system failure modes. The configuration space dimension equals the number of degrees of freedom in the system. Three-dimensional spaces are most important, but higher-dimensions are often useful. The qualitative aspects, which relate to the topology of the configuration space, are best understood by visualization. We explain what configuration space is, how it encodes contact information, and what research challenges it poses for visualization.
Constrained optimal framings of curves and surfaces using quaternion Gauss maps
Authors: Andrew J. Hanson
Published at Vis, 1998

We propose a general paradigm for computing optimal coordinate frame fields that may be exploited to visualize curves and surfaces. Parallel transport framings, which work well for open curves, generally fail to have desirable properties for cyclic curves and for surfaces. We suggest that minimal quaternion measure provides an appropriate heuristic generalization of parallel transport. Our approach differs from minimal tangential acceleration approaches due to the addition of "sliding ring" constraints that fix one frame axis, but allow an axial rotational freedom whose value is varied in the optimization process. Our fundamental tool is the quaternion Gauss map, a generalization to quaternion space of the tangent map for curves and of the Gauss map for surfaces. The quaternion Gauss map takes 3D coordinate frame fields for curves and surfaces into corresponding curves and surfaces constrained to the space of possible orientations in quaternion space. Standard optimization tools provide application specific means of choosing optimal, e.g., length- or area-minimizing, quaternion frame fields in this constrained space.
Continuous cartogram construction
Authors: Donald H. House, Christopher J. Kocmoud
Published at Vis, 1998

Area cartograms are used for visualizing geographically distributed data by attaching measurements to regions of a map and scaling the regions such that their areas are proportional to the measured quantities. A continuous area cartogram is a cartogram that is constructed without changing the underlying map topology. We present a new algorithm for the construction of continuous area cartograms that was developed by viewing their construction as a constrained optimization problem. The algorithm uses a relaxation method that exploits hierarchical resolution, constrained dynamics, and a scheme that alternates goals of achieving correct region areas and adjusting region shapes. It is compared favorably to existing methods in its ability to preserve region shape recognition cues, while still achieving high accuracy.
Contour interpolation and surface reconstruction of smooth terrain models
Authors: Jianyun Chai, Takaharu Miyoshi, Eihachiro Nakamae
Published at Vis, 1998

Interpolating contours and reconstructing a rational surface from a contour map are two essential problems in terrain modeling. They are often met in the field of computer graphics and CAD systems based on geographic information systems. Although many approaches have been developed for these two problems, one difficulty still remains. That is how to ensure that the reconstructed surface is both smooth globally and coincides with the given contours exactly simultaneously. In this paper we solve the two problems in a unified framework. We use gradient controlled partial differential equation (PDE) surfaces to express terrain surfaces, in which the surface shapes can be globally determined by the contours, their locations, height and gradient values. The surface generated by this method is accurate in the sense of exactly coinciding with the original contours and smooth with C/sup 1/ continuity everywhere. The method can reveal smooth saddle shapes caused by surface branching of one to more and can make rational interpolated sub-contours between two or more neighboring contours.
Converting sets of polygons to manifold surfaces by cutting and stitching
Authors: André Guéziec, Gabriel Taubin, Francis Lazarus, William P. Horn
Published at Vis, 1998

Many real world polygonal surfaces contain topological singularities that represent a challenge for processes such as simplification, compression, smoothing, etc. We present an algorithm for removing such singularities, thus converting non manifold sets of polygons to manifold polygonal surfaces (orientable if necessary). We identify singular vertices and edges, multiply singular vertices, and cut through singular edges. In an optional stitching phase, we join surface boundary edges that were cut, or whose endpoints are sufficiently close, while guaranteeing that the surface is a manifold. We study two different stitching strategies called "edge pinching" and "edge snapping"; when snapping, special care is required to avoid re-creating singularities. The algorithm manipulates the polygon vertex indices (surface topology) and essentially ignores vertex coordinates (surface geometry). Except for the optional stitching, the algorithm has a linear complexity in the number of vertices edges and faces, and require no floating point operation.
Data level comparison of wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics data
Authors: Qin Shen, Alex T. Pang, Samuel P. Uselton
Published at Vis, 1998

The paper describes the architecture of a data level comparative visualization system and experiences using it to study computational fluid dynamics data and experimental wind tunnel data. We illustrate how the system can be used to compare data sets from different sources, data sets with different resolutions and data sets computed using different mathematical models of fluid flow. Suggested improvements to the system based on user feedback are also discussed.