DevLan/vispubs huggingface dataset:
The University of Toronto dynamic graphics project
Authors: Ronald Baecker, Marilyn M. Mantei, William Buxton, Eugene Fiume
Published at CHI, 1991

The University of Toronto’s Dynamic Graphics Project is an interdisciplinary research laboratory within the Computer Science Department and the Computer Systems Research Institute. The labs mission is advanced research and graduate instruction; its theme is the enhancement of human creativity through advances in human-computer interaction, user interface design, and interactive computer graphics (Baecker, 1987). Our research spans input and interaction devices and techniques, user interface management systems, computersupported cooperative work, cognitive modelling, software engineering, computer program visualization, computer animation, multi-media, graphics modelling, and graphics rendering.
A graphical interface for robotic remediation of underground storage tanks
Authors: Brian K. Christensen, Lisa M. Desjarlais
Published at Vis, 1990

Experimental investigations into the application of intelligent robot control technology to the problem of removing waste stored in tanks is discussed. The authors describe the experimental environment used, with particular attention to the hardware and software control environment and the graphical interface. Intelligent system control is achieved through the integration of extensive geometric and kinematic world models with real-time sensor-based control. All operator interactions with the system are through fully animated graphical representations which validate all operator commands before execution to provide for safe operation. Sensing is used to add information to the robot system's world model and to allow sensor-based servo control during selected operations. The results of an initial critical features test are reported, and the potential to apply advanced intelligent control concepts to the removal of waste in storage tanks is discussed.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A journey into the fourth dimension
Authors: Yan Ke, E. S. Panduranga
Published at Vis, 1990

It is shown that by a simple (one-way) mapping from quaternions to complex numbers, the problem of generating a four-dimensional Mandelbrot set by iteration of a quadratic function in quaternions can be reduced to iteration of the same function in the complex domain, and thus, the function values in 4-D can be obtained by a simple table lookup. The computations are cut down by an order. Simple ways of displaying the fractal without shading and ways of fast ray tracing such a fractal using the table so generated are discussed. Further speedup in ray tracing can be achieved by estimates of a distance of a point from the Mandelbrot set. Animation is a key factor in visualizing 4-D objects. Three types of animation are attempted: translation in 4-D, rotation in 4-D, and fly-through in 3-D.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A methodology for scientific data visualisation: choosing representations based on a natural scene paradigm
Authors: Philip K. Robertson
Published at Vis, 1990

A methodology for guiding the choice of visual representations of data is presented. The methodology provides objective and directed display design facilities. Such facilities can guide interactive visualization design, generate standard visualizations automatically, and assess the extent to which chosen representations can convey the required information to data analysis. The methodology is based on objectively distinguishing the types of information conveyed by various visual representations and matching these to the intrinsic characteristics of data and to aims for its interpretation. This approach is directed toward developing a stronger theoretical basis for visualization in scientific computation. The methodology is developed using a natural scene paradigm in which data variables are represented by identifiable properties of realistic scenes.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A numerical method for rendering spherical reflections
Authors: David P. Dobkin, E. S. Panduranga, M. Zhu
Published at Vis, 1990

Methods of rendering reflections in curved surfaces are examined. A numerical algorithm to derive spherical reflections is presented. This algorithm has many attractive qualities, such as low computation costs, object space coherence, device and resolution independence, and generation of maximum information about reflections in curved surfaces. The authors demonstrate that rendering reflections is a difficult problem, as it defies analytic solutions. The authors indicate several alternatives for generalizing this method to a broader domain.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A problem-oriented classification of visualization techniques
Authors: Stephen Wehrend, Clayton H. Lewis
Published at Vis, 1990

Progress in scientific visualization could be accelerated if workers could more readily find visualization techniques relevant to a given problem. The authors describe an approach to this problem, based on a classification of visualization techniques, that is independent of particular application domains. A user breaks up a problem into subproblems, describes these subproblems in terms of the objects to be represented and the operations to be supported by a representation, locates applicable visualization techniques in a catalog, and combines these representations into a composite representation for the original problem. The catalog and its underlying classification provide a way for workers in different application disciplines to share methods.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A procedural interface for volume rendering
Authors: James L. Montine
Published at Vis, 1990

The author presents a simple, procedural interface for volume rendering. The interface is built on three types of objects: volumes, which contain the data to be visualized, environments, which set up viewing and lighting, and image objects, which convert results to a user-definable format. A volume is rendered against a particular environment with the results sent to an image object for conversion. By defining volume qualities such as color, opacity, and gradient in terms of user-definable transfer functions, the rendering process is made independent of the data set's underlying representation.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A system for three-dimensional acoustic 'visualization' in a virtual environment workstation
Authors: Elizabeth M. Wenzel, Scott S. Fisher, Philip K. Stone, Scott H. Foster
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors describe the real-time acoustic display capabilities developed for the virtual environment workstation (VIEW) project. The acoustic display is capable of generating localized acoustic cues in real time over headphones. An auditor symbology, a related collection of representational auditory objects or icons, can be designed using the auditory cue editor, which links both discrete and continuously varying acoustic parameters with information or events in the display. During a given display scenario, the symbology can be dynamically coordinated in real time with three-dimensional visual objects, speech, and gestural displays. The types of displays feasible with the system range from simple warnings and alarms to the acoustic representation of multidimensional data or events.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
A three-dimensional/stereoscopic display and model control system for Great Lakes forecasts
Authors: Chieh-Cheng Yen, Keith W. Bedford, Jill Kempf, Robert E. Marshall
Published at Vis, 1990

A forecasting system for the Great Lakes in which the data generated by a three-dimensional numerical model is visualized by a 3-D/stereoscopic display module is discussed. The module consists of a control panel and a display window with the capability of interactively rendering the results. The event scheduling for scenario testing to steer the 3-D numerical model is achieved by a similar panel. These panels set up the simulation and control the data flow between the graphics workstation and supercomputer. Rendering methods, stereo imagery, and animation are incorporated to display the results. Interaction between the user, the workstation, and the supercomputer allows steering of the simulation and tracing of the simulation output. Distributed software for postprocessing and volume rendering are used to enhance the representation.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Accurate display of tensor product isosurfaces
Authors: Alyn P. Rockwood
Published at Vis, 1990

A general method for rendering isosurfaces of multivariate rational and polynomial tensor products is described. The method is robust up to degree 15, handling singularities without introducing spurious rendering artifacts. The approach does not solve the problem of singularities in general, but it removes the problem from the rendering domain to the interpolation/approximation domain. It is based on finding real roots of a polynomial in Bernstein form. This makes it particularly suitable for parallel and pipelined processing. It is envisioned that the tensor products will be used as approximants or interpolants for empirical data or scalar fields. An interpolation scheme is given as an example.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
An interpersonal multimedia visualization system
Authors: Richard L. Phillips
Published at Vis, 1990

MediaView is a computer program that provides a generic infrastructure for authoring and interacting with multimedia documents. Among its applications is the ability to furnish a user with a comprehensive environment for analysis and visualization. With this program the user can produce a document that contains mathematics, datasets and associated visualizations. From the dataset or embedded mathematics animated sequences can be produced in situ. Equations that appear in a document have a backing format that is compatible with the Mathematica language. Thus, by clicking on an equation, its semantics are conveyed to Mathematica, where the user can perform a variety of symbolic and numerical operations. Since the document is all digital, it can be shared on a local network or mailed electronically to a distant site. Animations and any other substructures of the document persist through the mailing process and can be awakened at the destination by the recipient.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Animation techniques for chain-coded objects
Authors: Anthony J. Maeder
Published at Vis, 1990

The animation of two-dimensional objects in a 2-D planar environment is discussed. The use of chain codes as a boundary representation for 2-D objects undergoing animation is shown to be practical for several typical transformations. Various methods for implementing the transformations are described. Quantized methods transform groups of chain code elements into other groups, while incremental methods construct the transformed chain code element by element. The low cost of quantized methods, which rely on table lookup and minimal arithmetic, are weighed against the increased accuracy offered by incremental methods, which maintain error indicators to ensure minimal differences between ideal and generated chain codes. Methods for scaling, rotation, and elastic deformation of objects based solely on chain code elements are discussed.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Applying space subdivision techniques to volume rendering
Authors: Kalpathi R. Subramanian, Donald S. Fussell
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors present a ray-tracing algorithm for volume rendering designed to work efficiently when the data of interest is distributed sparsely through the volume. A simple preprocessing step identifies the voxels representing features of interest. Frequently this set of voxels, arbitrarily distributed in three-dimensional space, is a small fraction of the original voxel grid. A median-cut space partitioning scheme, combined with bounding volumes to prune void spaces in the resulting search structure, is used to store the voxels of interest in a k-d tree. The k-d tree is used as a data structure. The tree is then efficiently ray-traced to render the voxel data. The k-d tree is view independent, and can be used for animation sequences involving changes in positions of the viewer or positions of lights. This search structure has been applied to render voxel data from MRI, CAT scan, and electron density distributions.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Automatic illustration of 3D geometric models: surfaces
Authors: Debra Dooley, Michael F. Cohen
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors present techniques for automating the illustration of geometric models based on traditional hand illustration methods. A system based on the techniques of traditional illustrators for automatically generating illustrations of complex three-dimensional models is described. The system relies on a richer set of display primitives, which are also outlined. Algorithmic details for emphasizing significant model components are discussed, and some preliminary results are presented.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Case study in scientific visualization: factors inducing periodic breathing in humans with blunted hypoxic sensitivity
Authors: Wayne E. Fordyce, Jeffrey Ventrella
Published at Vis, 1990

The problem of presenting and gaining deeper understanding of a multidimensional system, a mathematical model Predicting 20-90 s oscillations in breathing, is presented. The authors utilized custom software for interactive analysis of a three-dimensional model, plus Wavefront software to render translucent images of the 3D surfaces. The results show that under conditions of no peripheral chemosensor sensitivity, periodic breathing is predicted to occur with (1) an increase in circulatory transit time between the lungs and brain, (2) the presence of marked steady state hypoventilation, and/or (3) an increase in brain blood flow rate. It is concluded that the peripheral chemosensors (carotid bodies) are not essential for the development of periodic breathing.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Classifying visual knowledge representations: a foundation for visualization research
Authors: Gerald L. Lohse, Henry H. Rueter, Kevin Biolsi, Neff Walker
Published at Vis, 1990

An exploratory effort to classify visual representations into homogeneous clusters is discussed. The authors collected hierarchical sorting data from twelve subjects. Five principal groups of visual representations emerged from a cluster analysis of sorting data: graphs and tables, maps, diagrams, networks, and icons. Two dimensions appear to distinguish these clusters: the amount of spatial information and cognitive processing effort. The authors discuss visual information processing issues relevant to the research, methodology and data analyses used to develop the classification system, results of the empirical study, and possible directions for future research.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Design of an end-user data visualization system
Authors: Donald L. Brittain, Josh Aller, Michael Wilson, Sue-Ling C. Wang
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors describe the architecture of an end-user visualization system that supports interactive analysis of three-dimensional scalar and vector data in a heterogeneous hardware environment. The system supports a variety of visualization methods with applicability in disciplines such as computational fluid dynamics, earth, and space sciences, and finite-element analysis. The authors discuss how design goals and hardware constraints lead to a simple, cohesive paradigm for implementing a powerful, flexible, and portable visualization system. To assure efficient operation across a broad range of hardware platforms, the tools were implemented so that their interactivity is largely independent of data complexity. To gain portability, the system was built on a platform-independent graphics layer and user interface management system. The authors outline general concerns with current visualization methods and show how the approach simplifies the visualization process.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Displaying voxel-based objects according to their qualitative shape synthesis
Authors: Yaser Yacoob
Published at Vis, 1990

The use of qualitative shape synthesis for the display of 3-D binary objects is presented. The proposed approach is applicable to multi-object scenes and to outdoor scenery as well. It makes use of a new method, the diffusion process, that simulates diffusion of particles within the interior of a 3-D discrete object. Starting with initial concentrations of particles at the boundary-voxels, the diffusion procedure simulates the propagation of these particles inwards. Boundary voxels of the object are colored according to the concentration of particles obtained by suspending the diffusion process. This method assists shape characterization by providing a qualitative measure of boundary curvature and was used in achieving display of a variety of voxel-based objects. Examples of the use of this approach on synthetic, terrain, and range data, are provided.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Dynamic graphics for network visualization
Authors: Richard A. Becker, Stephen G. Eick, Eileen O. Miller, Allan R. Wilks
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors describe several dynamic graphics tools for visualizing network data involving statistics associated with the nodes or links in a network. The authors suggest a number of ideas for the static display of network data, while motivating the need for interaction through dynamic graphics. A brief discussion of dynamic graphics in general is presented. The authors specialize this to the case of network data. An example is presented.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Exploring N-dimensional databases
Authors: Jeffrey LeBlanc, Matthew O. Ward, Norman Wittels
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors present a tool for the display and analysis of N-dimensional data based on a technique called dimensional stacking. This technique is described. The primary goal is to create a tool that enables the user to project data of arbitrary dimensions onto a two-dimensional image. Of equal importance is the ability to control the viewing parameters, so that one can interactively adjust what ranges of values each dimension takes and the form in which the dimensions are displayed. This will allow an intuitive feel for the data to be developed as the database is explored. The system uses dimensional stacking, to collapse and N-dimension space down into a 2-D space and then render the values contained therein. Each value can then be represented as a pixel or rectangular region on a 2-D screen whose intensity corresponds to the data value at that point.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Extracting geometric models through constraint minimization
Authors: James V. Miller, David E. Breen, Michael J. Wozny
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors propose a methodology that will extract a topologically closed geometric model from a two-dimensional image. This is accomplished by starting with a simple model that is already topologically closed and deforming the model, based on a set of constraints, so that the model grows (shrinks) to fit the feature within the image while maintaining its closed and locally simple nature. The initial model is a non-self-intersecting polygon that is either embedded in the feature or surrounds the feature. There is a cost function associated with every vertex that quantifies its deformation, the properties of simple polygons, and the relationship between noise and feature. The constraints embody local properties of simple polygons and the nature of the relationship between noise and the features in the image.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
FAST: a multi-processed environment for visualization of computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Gordon V. Bancroft, Fergus Merritt, Todd Plessel, Paul G. Kelaita, R. Kevin McCabe, Al Globus
Published at Vis, 1990

The authors discuss FAST (flow analysis software toolkit), an implementation of a software system for fluid mechanics analysis. Visualization of computational aerodynamics requires flexible, extensible, and adaptable software tools for performing analysis tasks. An overview of FAST is given, and its architecture is discussed. Interactive visualization control is addressed. The advantages and disadvantages of FAST are discussed.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Hierarchical triangulation using terrain features
Authors: Lori L. Scarlatos, Theodosios Pavlidis
Published at Vis, 1990

A hierarchical triangulation built from a digital elevation model in grid form is described. The authors present an algorithm that produces a hierarchy of triangulations in which each level of the hierarchy corresponds to a guaranteed level of accuracy. The number of very thin triangles (slivers) is significantly reduced. Such triangles produced undesirable effects in animation. In addition the number of levels of the triangulated irregular network (TIN) tree is reduced. This speeds up searching within the data structure. Tests on data with digital elevation input have confirmed the theoretical expectations. On eight such sets the average sliveriness with the method was between 1/5 and 1/10 of old triangulations and number of levels was about one third. There was an increase in the number of descendants at each level, but the total number of triangles was also lower.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Interactive investigation of fluid mechanics data sets
Authors: Steve M. Legensky
Published at Vis, 1990

FIELDVIEW, a visual analysis tool designed to facilitate the interactive investigation of fluid mechanics data sets by providing an easy-to-use interface to the flow field data, is presented. Operating on NASA Plot three-dimensional format data, FIELDVIEW computes scalar and vector flow quantities and displays them using a variety of representations, including animation. An interactive viewing interface allows free motion around the data under study to allow the researcher to locate and study the interesting flow features of three-dimensional fluid dynamic data.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Interactive visualization of quaternion Julia sets
Authors: John C. Hart, Louis H. Kauffman, Dan Sandin
Published at Vis, 1990

The first half of a two-step quaternion Julia set visualization system is described. This step uses a quarternion square root function to adapt the classic inverse iteration algorithm to the quaternions. The augmented version produces a 3-D Julia set defined by a point cloud that can be interactively manipulated on a graphics workstation. Several cues are assigned to the point cloud to increase depth perception. Finally, a short theorem is proven that extends the domain of the inverse iteration method to a rotational family of quadratic quaternion Julia sets.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;
Interpreting a 3D object from a rough 2D line drawing
Authors: Del Lamb, Amit Bandopadhay
Published at Vis, 1990

Visualizing the third dimension while designing three-dimensional (3-D) objects is an awkward process in mechanical computer-aided-design (CAD) systems, given the current state of the art. The authors describe a computer system that automatically constructs the shape of a 3-D object from a single 2-D sketch. The method makes it convenient to create and manipulate 3-D objects, and is thus seen as an intelligent user interface for CAD and 3-D graphics applications. The proposed technique is built on well-known results in image analysis. These results are applied in conjunction with some perceptual rules to determine 3-D structure from a rough line drawing. The principles are illustrated by a computer implementation that works in a nontrivial object domain.&lt;&lt;ETX&gt;&gt;