DemoTest0122/ScienceMetaBench105 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING A NEW INTERATOMIC POTENTIAL AND ATOMISTIC STUDY OF NiTiHf
Authors: Saeed Ataollahi
Published: 2023
Abstract: With the growing demand for high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs), NiTi-based HTSMAs have gained more attention for implementation in applications at elevated temperatures. Among NiTi-based alloys, NiTiHf has shown to have great potential, by having high transformation temperatures, lower preparation cost and good thermal stability. However, until today, most studies conducted on NiTiHf have focused on a limited range of compositions due to the difficulties and high cost of the experimental studies. Therefore, there exists a lack of comprehensive research on the thermo-mechanical behavior of these HTSMAs. Computational simulations are a very cost-effective and feasible approach for addressing this shortcoming. Among computational methods, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as an atomistic method offers comprehensive means to explore microstructural phenomena that govern the behavior of material. An essential requirement for performing MD simulations is interatomic potential which serves as the constitutive equations of MD and determine the forces and interactions between atoms. Since no applicable interatomic potential has been developed for NiTiHf, there has not been any progress in MD studies on NiTiHf alloys. Therefore, in this study, a Second Nearest-Neighbor Modified Embedded Atom Method (2NN MEAM) interatomic potential has been developed to accurately represent the NiTiHf ternary system. Initially, the parameters of constituent unary and binary potentials were calibrated by fitting their reproduced results of physical properties to DFT results. Then, the final ternary MEAM potential was checked for reliability and transferability by performing MD simulations. The results showed that the developed potential can accurately capture temperature-induced and stress-induced martensitic phase transformation in NiTiHf. In addition, the lattice parameters and formation energy of different compositions of NiTiHf were obtained and compared with experimental and DFT (Density Functional Theory) results showing a good agreement. Furthermore, using the developed MEAM potential, MD simulations were conducted to analyze the influence of precipitates on the superelasticity and shape memory effect of NiTiHf alloy. The results showed that in the presence of H-phase precipitates, the transformation temperatures increase. In addition, the thermal cycling of NiTiHf under constant stress was simulated and it was found that reducing the temperature rate results in a narrower thermal hysteresis.
“我们时代的鲜活记录”
Authors: 多罗西娅·兰格
Published: 2014
Abstract: 去看见生活；去看见世界；去目击重大事件；去看穷困者的面庞，也去看骄傲者的身姿；去认识奇怪的事物——机器、军队、大众、丛林里或月球上的阴影；去见证人类的杰作——绘画、高塔、新发现；去眺望千万里之外的事物，去窥见隐蔽在墙后边、房间里的东西，去发现即将到来的危险；去欣赏拥有丈夫和孩子热爱的女人；在观看中发现并获得愉悦，在观看中收获惊奇，在观看中获得教导；所以现在，看和被看会成为一半人的愿景和新期待。
创造力与精神障碍：实证心理学的探讨
Authors: 邹泓, 曾荣, 王娟
Published: 2015
Keywords: 创造力, 精神障碍, 双相谱系障碍, 精神分裂谱系障碍
Abstract: 关于“疯狂天才”的讨论由来已久，但以实证手段探讨创造力与精神障碍之间的关系始于2O世纪80年代末。通过对创造力与双相谱系障碍、精神分裂谱系障碍以及其他几种类型精神障碍之间相关研究的梳理，可以认为虽没有足够证据表明精神疾患可直接带来个体较高的创造性，但两者之间(尤其是在文学和艺术领域中)的确存在一定程度的共生现象。适度的双相障碍症状和轻微的精神分裂症谱系人格特质与创造力有一定关联，而精神分裂症和严重的双相障碍则会损害个体的创造力。对于创造力和精神障碍存在的这一共生现象，文章从认知加工、遗传与脑机制、人格特质及发展背景几个角度回顾了相应的理论解释和研究证据。
国家发展改革委举行12月份定时定主题新闻发布会介绍宏观经济情况并回应热点问题
Authors: 刘保林
Published: 2017
Abstract: 2017年12月18日上午，国家发展改革委举行12月份定时定主题新闻发布会。政研室副主任、委新闻发言人孟玮出席发布会，介绍电力运行、投资管理、价格运行和监管、经济体制改革、社会信用体系建设、能耗总量和强度“双控”目标完成情况及最新出台的重大政策文件等方面情况，并就保障天然气稳定供应、民营企业境外投资经营行为规范、促进石化产业绿色发展、京津冀民航协同发展、鼓励民间资本参与PPP项目、加强产权保护、应对气候变化等相关问题，回答了与会记者提问。70余家境内外新闻媒体约100名记者参加了本场发布会。
广东省机关事业单位人才发展现状与人才交流机制探析
Authors: 郭商羿
Published: 2023
Keywords: 机关事业单位,省直事业单位,人才发展,人才交流
Abstract: 广东省的人才发展工作在稳岗扩就业、社保改革、创新活力、技能培养、劳动关系保障等领域取得了一定成就，但也存在着人才分布失衡、人才外流、投入机制不完善等问题。机关事业单位作为关键人才载体，其人才交流机制建设对推进发达地区与欠发达地区的人才互联、互通、互换，引导人才资源合理有序流动具有积极意义，对建设粤港澳大湾区高水平人才高地具有引导作用。构建广东省人才协调发展新格局，应打造广东省人才发展“一盘棋”，梳理各地区人才种类与数量，赋予省级人力资源合理统调的权限，构建具有广东特色的机关事业单位人才储备库；促进互联互通，打造广域线上交流平台；打破专业壁垒，优化内部人员选拔机制。
网络犯罪的防范策略
Authors: 杨仕梅
Published: 2014
Keywords: 网络犯罪,防范策略,犯罪立法,国际合作
Abstract: 网络犯罪是伴随着计算机技术的发展而产生的一种新的犯罪形式，由于其具有很强的隐蔽性，且犯罪手段比较先进，因而较难防控，给社会造成了极大的危害。防范网络犯罪严重的破坏性，应完善立法体系，加强防范网络犯罪的法律宣传力度，加强计算机防范设施和侦查技术设施建设，并加强国际合作及对国际犯罪的侦查力度。
区域绿色循环低碳交通运输发展评价
Authors: 王利军, 李英杰, 陈强
Published: 2014
Keywords: 交通运输, 绿色, 低碳, PSR, 区域, 指数
Abstract: 绿色循环低碳交通运输发展包含交通运输的绿色发展、循环发展和低碳发展内涵，这里的“发展”强调的是量的选择，绿色、循环、低碳则是质的要求和对发展方式、量的具体约束，本质是发展模式的转换，特征是“低消耗、低排放、低污染”的“三低”和“高循环、高碳汇、高效率”的“三高”，核心是提高碳生产力。因此，对绿色循环低碳交通运输发展评价需考虑其现状、影响结果、因果关系、发展机理等方面综合评价。联合国可持续发展委员会提出的 PSR（pressure-state-response 即“压力-状态-响应”）模型。欧洲环境局（EEA）综合 PSR 模型和 DSR（drive-state-response 即“驱动力-状态-响应”）模型的优点建立的 DPSIR（即“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”）模型，能有效反映人类活动与资源环境之间的相互作用关系机理，并将复杂的因素作用过程简化，评价指标体系予以清晰，且能连续监测各指标间的反馈机制，具有系统性和综合性等特点，在可持续发展和环境影响评价中得到广泛应用。因此，笔者从有效性出发，试图应用 PSR 模型构建指标体系，对区域绿色循环低碳交通运输发展作出有效评价。
International commercial arbitrator addressing money laundering sua sponte
Authors: Todor Kolarov
Published: 2022
Keywords: Money laundering, International commercial arbitration, 2012 Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the existing legal basis, and its practical application, of an arbitrator’s competence to raise on her own initiative money laundering issues.
Design/methodology/approach – The research focusses on presenting the essence of the problem through evaluation of the legal basis for the arbitrators to raise money laundering concerns on their own initiative and the examples of so being done in international commercial arbitration.
Findings – This paper concludes that arbitrators do not presently have a solid legal basis that authorises them to actsua sponte against money laundering. 
Originality/value – The originality and value of this paper lies in its emphasis on theoretical and practical issues related to money laundering in international commercial arbitration. It argues in favour of an explicit recommendation to be incorporated in the 2012 Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) that international commercial arbitrators address money laundering on their own initiative.
青蒿素 B 的立体选择合成
Authors: 许吉祥, 朱杰, 周维善
Published: 1982
Abstract: 青蒿素 B 是从中药青蒿中分离到的另一个倍半萜内酯。它的结构早已被测定。最近已见其异构体合成的报道。本文报道首次合成天然青蒿素 B 的结果。
DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-GROUP INTERFACIAL AREA TRANSPORT EQUATION FOR CONFINED FLOW - I: MODELING OF BUBBLE INTERACTtONS
Authors: Xiaodong Sun, Seungjin Kim, Mamoru Ishii, Stephen G. Beus
Keywords: Interfacial area, Two-group transport equation, Bubble interaction mechanisms, Bubbly flow, Churn-turbulent flow, Two-fluid model
Abstract: To provide a dynamic and mechanistic constitutive model for the interfacial area concentration in the two-fluid model, a two-group interfacial area transport equation is developed for confined two-phase flows in this series of papers. This paper presents the modeling of bubble interaction mechanisms in the two-group interfacial area transport equation for confined gas-liquid two-phase flow. The transport equation is applicable to bubbly, cap-turbulent, and churn-turbulent flow regimes.
In the two-group interfacial area transport equation, bubbles are categorized into two groups: spherical/distorted bubbles as Group 1 and cap/slug/churn-turbulent bubbles as Group 2. Thus, two sets of equations are used to describe the generation and destruction rates of bubble number density, void fraction, and interfacial area concentration for the two groups of bubbles due to bubble expansion and compression, coalescence and disintegration, and phase change. Five major bubble interaction mechanisms are identified for the gas-liquid two-phase flow of interest, such as, bubble coalescence as a result of random collision driven by turbulent eddies, the entrainment of the bubbles following in the wake of preceding bubbles, bubble break-up due to turbulent impact and surface instability for large bubbles, and small bubble shearing-off at the rim of large bubbles. These interaction mechanisms are analytically modeled as the source/sink terms for the transport equations based on certain assumptions for the confined flow. The models include both intra-group (within a certain group) and inter-group (between two groups) bubble interactions.
A complete set of models close the two-group interfacial area transport equation, which has embedded the mechanisms of the flow regime transition. The comparisons of the prediction by the one-dimensional two-group interfacial area transport equation with experimental data are presented in the second paper of this series.
Crossing the linguistic causeway: A binational approach for translating soundscape attributes to Bahasa Melayu
Authors: Bhan Lam, Julia Chieng, Karn N. Watcharasupat, Kenneth Ooi, Zhen-Ting Ong, Joo Young Hong, Woon-Seng Gan
Published: 2022
Keywords: Soundscapes, Translation, Psychoacoustics, Bahasa Melayu, Circumplex
Abstract: Translation of perceptual descriptors such as the perceived affective quality attributes in the soundscape standard (ISO/TS 12913–2:2018) is an inherently intricate task, especially if the target language is used in multiple countries. Despite geographical proximity and a shared language of Bahasa Melayu (Standard Malay), differences in culture and language education policies between Singapore and Malaysia could invoke peculiarities in the affective appraisal of sounds. To generate provisional translations of the eight perceived affective attributes — eventful, vibrant, pleasant, calm, uneventful, monotonous, annoying, and chaotic — into Bahasa Melayu that is applicable in both Singapore and Malaysia, a binational expertled approach supplemented by a quantitative evaluation framework was adopted. A set of preliminary translation candidates were developed via a four-stage process, firstly by a qualified translator, which was then vetted by linguistics experts, followed by examination via an experiential evaluation, and finally reviewed by the core research team. A total of 66 participants were then recruited cross-nationally to quantitatively evaluate the preliminary translation candidates. Of the eight attributes, cross-national differences were observed only in the translation of annoying. For instance, menjengkelkan was found to be significantly less understood in Singapore than in Malaysia, as well as less understandable than membingitkan within Singapore. Results of the quantitative evaluation also revealed the imperfect nature of foreign language translations for perceptual descriptors, which suggests a possibility for exploring corrective measures.
農地制度の変化に伴う都市農地の利用に関する現状分析東京都町田市の農地パンクを事例としてー
Authors: 竹島久美子
Published: 2015
Keywords: urban fringe farmland, farmland liquidation, the (former) Farmland Bank
Abstract: The objective of this analysis is to examine a measure for effective utilization of urban fringe farmland through an agricultural land institutional change. The change extended a measure decided by zoning. We focused on Machida-city in Tokyo, which created a plan called the (former) Farmland Bank for farmland liquidation based on that institutional change. The programme works as an intermediation mechanism between farmland owners and farmers who want to rent farmland either as existing farmers and new entrants. In addition to this programme, Abandoned Farmland Programmes promoted agricultural land lease and resolved the problem of abandoned farmland.
闭待ち行列ネットワークによる機能分散形 FMS の最適設計
Authors: 長沢啓行,西山徳幸
Published: 1996
Abstract: フ レ キ シ ブル 製造シ ス テ ム （FMS ）の 設 備 設 計 に お い て は ，ス テ ーシ ョ ン 数 ，機械 台数構成，シ ス テ ム 内パ レ ッ ト 数 ，負荷 （工 具）配分 を同時に決定 しな ければな らな い ．これ を シ ミ ュ レ ーシ ョ ン で行 う に は ，代替 案の 作成 とシ ミ ュ レ ーシ ョ ン に膨 大 な 労力 を要 し ，得 ら れ た 設 計 案 の 最適 性 も保 証 さ れ な い ．そ こ で ，閉待 ち 行列ネ ッ トワ ーク （CQN ） で FMS を モ デル 化 し ，CQN モ デル の 解析 結果 を駆使 して 最適設 計 を行 う試 み が な さ れ ，負荷均 等配 分 の場 合 に 対 して は 最適設 計法が 提案 さ れ て い る ．本研究 で は ，こ の 負荷 均等配 分 の 制約 を除去 し，機械台数構成や 負荷配分 を も意思決 定の 対 象 と した ，よ り．一般的な機能分散型 FMS に 対し ，最適設計 法 を提案 す る ．い くつ か の 数 値例 を解 く こ と に よ り，提 案 ア ル ゴ リズ ム で は 最適解が ご く短 時問 に 得 られ る こ と，負荷均等配分 に よる解が 最適解 と一致す る 場 合が 多 く，一致 しない 場 合 で も精度の 高 い 近似解に な る こ と を明 らか に す る ．
On-site H₂O₂ electro-generation process combined with ultraviolet: A promising approach for odorous compounds purification in drinking water system
Authors: Yiying Zhao, Ning Deng, Zhiheng Fan, Zhong-Ting Hu, Lili Fan, Jizhi Zhou, Xin Huang
Published: 2022
Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide On-site generation Advanced oxidation process Taste and odor (T&O) compounds Trichloroanisoles
Abstract: The on-site generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) attracts much attention for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water treatment. In this work, we reported a novel on-site H2O2 generation reactor combined with ultraviolet (UV) for taste and odor (T&O) compounds removal in drinking water purification systems. The reactor is equipped with a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) accompanied by a proton-conducting solid electrolyte. In this reactor, GDE is used to improve the oxygen transfer efficiency. The porous solid electrolyte is selected for the proton and electron conduction instead of an electrolyte solution, which is crucial for producing pure H2O2 solution. The production rate and concentration of H2O2 can be controlled through adjusting the applied current efficiency and the flow rate of deionized water in a solid chamber. Meanwhile, this system exhibits long-term stability during a continuous operation for 96 h. For the application of the system, the single-cell was assembled into cell stacks, which improved the H2O2 concentration from 780.9 to 2301.3mg⋅L−1, along with the energy consumption reduced from 23.81 to 6.67kWh⋅kg−1 under the applied current density of 30 mA⋅cm−2. To evaluate the water purification performance of this system, the oxidation degradation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisoles (TCA) was conducted using the on-site H2O2 generation process under both static and dynamic flow conditions combined with UV light. The degradation rate of TCA was >95% with its initial concentration of 1μg⋅L−1 under the hydraulic retention time from 10 to 40 min−1 and H2O2 dosage from 10 to 100mg⋅L−1. Meanwhile, almost no residual H2O2 was detected after the degradation process. This study proposed a promising device for drinking water purification
Atomically Dispersed Ni(I) on Alloy-Encapsulated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Array for High-Performance Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
 
 
Authors:    
Tianyu Zhang, Xu Han, Hongbin Yang, Ajuan Han, Enyuan Hu, Yaping Li, Xiaoxiang Yang, Lei Wang, Junfeng Liu, Bin Liu
 
 
Published: 2020
Abstract: Single-atom catalysts (SACs) show great promises for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CRR), but the low density of active sites and the poor electrical conduction and mass transport of the single-atom electrode greatly limit their apparent performances. In this study, we have studied the catalytic performance of a single-atom structured and functional single-atom electrode with high density of exposed active sites and promoted electrical conductivity and mass transport. Herein, we prepared a nickel single-atom electrode consisting of isolated, high-density and low-valent nickel(t) sites anchored on the self-standing N-doped carbon nanotube array with a thickness of 0.32nm. The electrochemical performance of the combination of single-atom nickel(t) sites and self-standing array structure gives rise to an excellent electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. The introduction of copper tunes the d-band electron configuration and enhances the adsorption of hydrogen, which impedes the hydrogen evolution reaction. The single nickel atom electrode has been successfully synthesized at 32.87mM·cm−1 and turnover frequency of 1.962h−1 at a mild overpotential of 620mV for CO formation with 97%. Faradic efficiency.