DemoTest0122/ScienceMetaBench105 huggingface dataset:
Gestational Surrogacy: Participants’ Discussion and Decision Making Regarding Pregnancy Management, Including Prenatal Testing and Pregnancy Complication 
Authors: Susy Malca
Published: 2016
Abstract: While gestational surrogacy has grown in popularity in the last decade, the surrogacy process is far from homogeneous. This lack of standardization can cause problems between surrogates and intended parents and can be troublesome for healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to understand the current practices regarding discussion of potential pregnancy complications and prenatal testing in an attempt to determine how these decisions are made. This study also examined how comfortable surrogates felt expressing their opinions with the intended parents regarding these topics. Surveys were distributed through four surrogacy agencies and included several topics that could pose a potential conflict between the surrogates and intended parents. One hundred and eleven participants were included in this study. Decisional topics included carrier screening, fetal anomalies, and screening/testing options. The number of topics discussed by the surrogates varied, with about 1/3 of participants reporting that they discussed most or all of these topics before being matched with the intended parents. Decisions during the pregnancy were most often made by medical professionals, followed by the gestational surrogate and intended parent(s) together. Most participants felt comfortable voicing their opinions and that their opinions were vi considered throughout the surrogacy experience. These results indicate that surrogates generally feel comfortable and empowered throughout their experience. The results of this study revealed overall positive experiences for the surrogates. Having standardized guidelines may increase satisfaction with the surrogacy process and be beneficial in preventing serious conflicts between surrogates and intended parents. Given the recent increase in prenatal screening and testing options, standardized guidelines are needed to assist genetic counselors with facilitating discussions between surrogates and intended parent(s)
Who Cares for Infants and Toddlers? A Mixed Methods Study of Child Care for Low-Income Families
Authors: Jennifer Lynn Marcella
Published: 2014
Abstract: Despite trends indicating that low-income, Latino families underuse licensed child care (Chaudry et al., 2011; Howes et al., 2007), questions remain about why these mothers do not use infant and toddler child care programs. Therefore, this mixed methods case study of a Los Angeles community illustrates the interplay of licensed child care availability with maternal preferences regarding infant and toddler care arrangements. Community demographic data as well as availability and quality of licensed child care data provided the descriptive community context. Family survey data depicted trends in child care use of a predominantly low-income sample of 556 mothers living in the community. Lastly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subsample of 28 family survey mothers to shed light on mothers’ beliefs about infant and toddler child care. Taken together, these sources of data indicated that limited infant and toddler licensed care was available, and few programs served specifically low-income families. Within this ii community child care context, mothers had a limited awareness of the available licensed care. Additionally, these mothers expressed negative impressions of licensed care, which seemed warranted based on the observational data on programs serving low-income families. From this study, policymakers should strive to improve the quality of care for all infant and toddler programs while also better designing and marketing child care assistance programs to meet the needs of low-income families. Practitioners can utilize these findings by learning about the concerns of low-income mothers, addressing any shortcomings their programs face, and better communicating with new mothers to allay fears about group care.
Roadmap Consensus on Carotid Artery Plaque Imaging and Impact on Therapy Strategies and Guidelines: An International, Multispecialty, Expert Review and Position Statement
Authors:  L. Saba, W. Brinjikji, J.D. Spence, M. Wintermark, M. Castillo, G.J. de Borst, Q. Yang, C. Yuan, A. Buckler, M. Edjlali, T. Saam, D. Saloner, B.K. Lal, D. Capodanno, J. Sun, N. Balu, R. Naylor, A.v.d. Lugt, B.A. Wasserman, Kooi, J. Wardlaw, J. Gillard, G. Lanzino, U. Hedin, D. M.E. Mikulis, A. Gupta, J.K. DeMarco, C. Hess, J.V. Goethem, T. Hatsukami, P. Rothwell, M.M. Brown and A.R. Moody
Published: 2021
Abstract:  Current guidelines for primary and secondary prevention of stroke in patients with carotid atherosclerosis are based on the quantification of the degree of stenosis and symptom status. Recent publications have demonstrated that plaque morphol ogy and composition, independent of the degree of stenosis, are important in the risk stratification of carotid atherosclerotic dis ease. This finding raises the question as to whether current guidelines are adequate or if they should be updated with new evidence, including imaging for plaque phenotyping, risk stratification, and clinical decision-making in addition to the degree of ste nosis. To further this discussion, this roadmap consensus article defines the limits of luminal imaging and highlights the current evi dence supporting the role of plaque imaging. Furthermore, we identify gaps in current knowledge and suggest steps to generate high-quality evidence, to add relevant information to guidelines currently based on the quantification of stenosis
White Matter Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis Evaluated by Quantitative Synthetic MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging
Authors: A. Hagiwara, K. Kamagata, K. Shimoji, K. Yokoyama, C. Andica, M. Hori, S. Fujita, T. Maekawa, R. Irie, T. Akashi, A. Wada, M. Suzuki, O. Abe, N. Hattori, S. Aoki
Published: 2019
Abstract:  BACKGROUNDANDPURPOSE:AnumberofMR-derivedquantitativemetricshavebeensuggestedtoassess thepathophysiol ogyofMS, but thereportsaboutcombinedanalysesof thesemetricsarescarce.Our aimwas toassess thespatial distribu tionofparameters forwhitemattermyelinandaxon integrity inpatientswithrelapsing-remittingMSbymultiparametricMR imaging. MATERIALSANDMETHODS:Twenty-four patientswith relapsing-remittingMSand24age- andsex-matchedcontrolswerepro spectively scannedbyquantitativesyntheticand2-shell diffusionMR imaging. SyntheticMR imagingdatawereusedtoretrieve relaxometryparameters (R1 andR2relaxationratesandprotondensity) andmyelinvolumefraction.Diffusiontensormetrics (frac tional anisotropyandmean, axial, andradial diffusivity) andneuriteorientationanddispersion indexmetrics (intracellular volume fraction, isotropicvolume fraction, andorientationdispersion index)were retrievedfromdiffusionMR imagingdata. Thesedata wereanalyzedusingTract-BasedSpatialStatistics. RESULTS:PatientswithMSshowedsignificantlylower fractionalanisotropyandmyelinvolumefractionandhigher isotropicvolume fraction inwidespreadwhitematter areas.Areaswithdifferent isotropicvolumefractionswere includedwithinareaswith lower fractional anisotropy.Myelinvolumefractionshowednosignificantdifference insomeareaswithsignificantlydecreasedfractional anisotropy inMS, including inthegenuof thecorpuscallosumandbilateral anteriorcoronaradiata,whereasmyelinvolumefrac tionwas significantlydecreasedinsomeareaswherefractional anisotropyshowednosignificantdifference, includingthebilateral posterior limboftheinternalcapsule,externalcapsule, sagittal striatum, fornix, anduncinatefasciculus. CONCLUSIONS:Wefounddifferences inspatialdistributionofabnormality infractional anisotropy, isotropicvolumefraction, and myelinvolumefractiondistributioninMS,whichmightbeuseful forcharacterizingwhitematter inpatientswithMS.
PET/MRI in Pediatric Neuroimaging: Primer for Clinical Practice
Authors: C. Pedersen, M. Aboian, J.E. McConathy, H. Daldrup-Link, and A.M. Franceschi
Published: 2022
Abstract: SUMMARY: Modern pediatric imaging seeks to provide not only exceptional anatomic detail but also physiologic and metabolic information of the pathology in question with as little radiation penalty as possible. Hybrid PET/MR imaging combines exquisite softtissue information obtained by MR imaging with functional information provided by PET, including metabolic markers, receptor binding, perfusion, and neurotransmitter release data. In pediatric neuro-oncology, PET/MR imaging is, in many ways, ideal for follow-up compared with PET/CT, given the superiority of MR imaging in neuroimaging compared with CT and the lower radiation dose, which is relevant in serial imaging and long-term follow-up of pediatric patients. In addition, although MR imaging is the main imaging technique for the evaluation of spinal pathology, PET/MR imaging may provide useful information in several clinical scenarios, including tumor staging and follow-up, treatment response assessment of spinal malignancies, and vertebral osteomyelitis. This review article covers neuropediatric applications of PET/MR imaging in addition to considerations regarding radiopharmaceuticals, imaging protocols, and current challenges to clinical implementation.
Deep Learning Enables 60% Accelerated Volumetric Brain MRI While Preserving Quantitative Performance: A Prospective, Multicenter, Multireader Trial
Authors: S. Bash, L. Wang, C. Airriess, G. Zaharchuk, E. Gong, A. Shankaranarayanan, L.N. Tanenbaum
Published: 2021
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this prospective, multicenter, multireader study, we evaluated the impact on both image quality and quantitative image-analysis consistency of 60% accelerated volumetric MR imaging sequences processed with a commercially available, vendor-agnostic, DICOM-based, deep learning tool (SubtleMR) compared with that of standard of care.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty subjects underwent brain MR imaging examinations on 6 scanners from 5 institutions. Standard of care and accelerated datasets were acquired for each subject, and the accelerated scans were enhanced with deep learning processing. Standard of care, accelerated scans, and accelerated–deep learning were subjected to NeuroQuant quantitative analysis and classified by a neuroradiologist into clinical disease categories. Concordance of standard of care and accelerated–deep learning biomarker measurements were assessed. Randomized, side-by-side, multiplanar datasets (360 series) were presented blinded to 2 neuroradiologists and rated for apparent SNR, image sharpness, artifacts, anatomic/lesion conspicuity, image contrast, and gray-white differentiation to evaluate image quality.
RESULTS: Accelerated–deep learning was statistically superior to standard of care for perceived quality across imaging features despite a 60% sequence scan-time reduction. Both accelerated–deep learning and standard of care were superior to accelerated scans for all features. There was no difference in quantitative volumetric biomarkers or clinical classification for standard of care and accelerated–deep learning datasets.
CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning reconstruction allows 60% sequence scan-time reduction while maintaining high volumetric quantification accuracy, consistent clinical classification, and what radiologists perceive as superior image quality compared with standard of care. This trial supports the reliability, efficiency, and utility of deep learning–based enhancement for quantitative imaging. Shorter scan times may heighten the use of volumetric quantitative MR imaging in routine clinical settings.
Whither the Hippocampus? FDG-PET Hippocampal Hypometabolism in Alzheimer Disease Revisited
Authors: J.A. Maldjian, C.T. Whitlow
Published: 2012
Abstract:  BACKGROUNDANDPURPOSE: ThehippocampusisawidelyrecognizedareaofearlychangeinAD,yet voxelwiseanalysesofFDG-PETactivitydifferencesbetweenADandCNcontrolshaveconsistently failedto identifyhippocampal hypometabolism. Inthisarticle,weproposeahigh-dimensionalPET specificanalysisframeworktodeterminewhetherimportanthippocampalmetabolicFDG-PETactivity differencesbetweenpatientswithADandCNsubjectsareembedded intheJacobian information generatedduringspatialnormalization. MATERIALSANDMETHODS: RestingFDG-PETdatawereobtainedfrom102CNand92participantswith ADfromtheADNIdatabase.APET-study-specifictemplatewasconstructedusingsymmetricdiffeomor phicregistration.SpatiallynormalizedrawFDGmaps,Jacobiandeterminantmaps,andmodulatedmaps weregenerated for all subjects. Statistical parametricmappingand tensor-basedmorphometrywere performed,comparingpatientswithADwithCNsubjects. RESULTS:Whole-brainspatiallynormalizedrawFDGmapsdemonstratedrobusthypometabolismin cingulategyrusandbilateral parietal areas.Nohippocampal differenceswerepresent, except on ROI-basedanalyseswithahippocampalmask.Whole-brainmodulatedmapsdemonstratedrobust bilateralhippocampalhypometabolism,andsomehypometabolismintheposteriorcingulate.Tensor basedmorphometrydemonstratedrobusthippocampaldifferencesonly. CONCLUSIONS: Theseresultsdemonstratethathippocampalmetabolicdifferencesareembeddedin theJacobian informationfromthespatial normalizationprocedure.We introduceavoxelwisePET specificanalysisframeworkbasedontheuseofaPET-population-specifictemplate,high-dimensional symmetricdiffeomorphicnormalization, and theuseof Jacobian information,whichcanprovide substantiallyincreasedstatisticalpowerandanorderofmagnitudedecreaseinimagingcosts.
Magic Angle Effect: A Relevant Artifact in MR Neurography at 3T?
Authors: T. Kästel, S. Heiland, P. Bäumer, A.J. Bartsch, M. Bendszus, M. Pham
Published: 2011
Abstract:  BACKGROUNDANDPURPOSE:MRNisanemergingdiagnosticmethod for disordersof peripheral nerves.However, it isunclearwhether the influenceof theMAon intraneural T2signal issevere enoughtoprovokefalse-positivefindings. MATERIALSANDMETHODS: Twenty-fivehealthysubjectsunderwentMRNofthesciaticnerveofthe proximalthighat3T.TheT2appwascalculatedfromaDE-TSEsequence(TR 3000ms,TE1 12ms, TE2 69ms)at7anglesof thesciaticnerverelativetoB0 0°,30°,35°,40°,45°,50°,and55°. Precise angle adjustmentswereperformedwith a dedicated in-borepositioning aid. Qualitative evaluationofintraneuralT2-weightedcontrastbetweenthisgroupofhealthysubjectsand14patients withneuropathic lesionswasperformedbycomparingCNRsofaTIRMsequence(TR 5000ms, TE 76ms,TI 180ms). RESULTS: Inhealthysubjects, theprolongationofT2app from0° to55°was from74.5 13.4to 104.0 16.9ms(P .001).TheincreaseinT2apprelativetobaseline(0°)was9.6%(30°),18.4%(35°), 25%(40°),27.6%(45°),and37%(55°). IntraneuralCNRincreasedby1.98 0.69at40°and2.93 0.46at55°.Nevertheless, themeanCNRofhealthysubjectswassubstantially lower thanthat in patientsat40°(P .0001)andevenatthepositionofmaximumMA(55°:20.6 5.11versus52.6 7.12,P .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Neuropathiclesionsareclearlydistinguishablefromanartificial increaseofintraneural T2bytheMA.EvenatamaximumMA(55°),thefalse-positivedeterminationofaneuropathiclesion isunlikely
Evolution of Flow-Diverter Endothelialization and Thrombus Organization in Giant Fusiform Aneurysms after Flow Diversion: A Histopathologic Study
Authors: I. Szikora, E. Turányi, M. Marosfoi
Published: 2015
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment of giant fusiform aneurysms with flow diverters has been associated with a relatively high rate of complications. Our goal was to study the evolution of flow-diverter endothelialization and thrombus organization at different time points after flow-diverter treatment in giant fusiform aneurysms to better understand reasons for flow-diverter thrombosis and delayed aneurysm ruptures. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two giant anterior and 2 posterior circulation aneurysms, all of which had partially thrombosed before treatment, were studied. An unruptured, untreated posterior circulation aneurysm was used as a control. Each specimen was removed at 7 days or at 6, 9, or 13 months after flow-diverter treatment. The 3 patients who survived longer than 7 days were followed up by angiography and MR imaging. Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were stained by using H&E, Van Gieson elastic, CD34, h-Caldesmon, and Picrosirius stains and studied by light microscopy. RESULTS: According to angiography, aneurysms were found to be obliterated partially at 6 and 9 months and completely at 13 months. MR imaging revealed that mass effect remained unchanged in each case. Sections of the flow diverter within the normal parent artery were covered by an endothelialized fibrous layer as early as 6 months, but there was no tissue coverage or endothelialization seen even at 13 months inside the aneurysm itself. Each treated aneurysm had a thin wall with complete lack of smooth muscle cells. No signs of thrombus organization were found at any of the time points studied. 
CONCLUSIONS: Endothelialization of the flow diverter in giant fusiform aneurysms may not occur and thrombus organization may not be initiated inside these aneurysms for as long as 1 year, which explains delayed flow-diverter thrombosis and the possibility of delayed ruptures.
Hemodynamic Changes Caused by Multiple Stenting in Vertebral Artery Fusiform Aneurysms: A Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: N. Lv, W. Cao, I. Larrabide, C. Karmonik, D. Zhu, J. Liu, Q. Huang, Y. Fang
Published: 2018
Abstract:  BACKGROUNDANDPURPOSE: Themultiplestentplacementtechniquehaslargelyimprovedthelong-termoutcomesofintracranial fusiformaneurysms,butthehemodynamicmechanismsremainunclear. Inthisstudy,weanalyzedthehemodynamicchangescausedby differentstent-placementstrategies inpatient-specificmodelsusingthecomputationalfluiddynamicstechnique, aimingtoprovide evidenceforclinicaldecision-making. MATERIALSANDMETHODS: Tenvertebral arteryfusiformaneurysmswereincluded, andtheirpatient-specificcomputationalfluid dynamicsmodelswerereconstructed.Afastvirtualstentplacementtechniquewasusedtosimulatesequentialmultiplestentplacements (fromasinglestenttotriplestents) inthevertebralarteryfusiformaneurysmmodels.Hemodynamicparameters, includingwallshear stress,pressure,oscillatoryshear index, relativeresidencetime,andflowpattern,werecalculatedandcomparedamonggroupswith differentnumbersofstents. RESULTS: Virtualstentsweredeployedinall10casessuccessfully,consistentwiththerealstentconfiguration.Wallshearstressdecreased progressivelyby7.2%,20.6%,and25.8%asthenumberofstentsincreased.Meanwhile,relativeresidencetimeandpressureincreasedon averageby11.3%, 15.4%, and45.0%andby15.7%,21.5%, and28.2%.Theoscillatoryshear indexshowednostablevariationtrend. Flow patternsimprovedbyweakeningtheintensityofthevorticesanddisplacingthevortexcenterfromtheaneurysmalwall. CONCLUSIONS: Stentplacementmodifieshemodynamicpatterns invertebralarteryfusiformaneurysms,whichmightfavorthrombosis formationintheaneurysmalsac.Thiseffectisamplifiedwiththenumberofstentsdeployed.However,apotentialriskofruptureorrecanaliza tionexistsandshouldbeconsideredwhenplanningtousethemultiplestentplacementtechniqueinvertebralarteryfusiformaneurysms.
Intracranial Meningeal Hemangiopericytomas in Children and Adolescents: CT and MR Imaging Findings
Authors: Q. Chen, X.-Z. Chen, J.-M. Wang, S.-W. Li, T. Jiang, J.-P. Dai
Published: 2012
Abstract:  SUMMARY: Intracranialmeningeal hemangiopericytomas inchildrenandadolescentsareprone to bleedingduringsurgery.CTandMRimagingmayservearoleinpreoperativediagnosis.Thepurpose of thisreportwastodescribetheradiologicfindings in9pathologicallyprovedcasesof intracranial meningealhemangiopericytomasinchildrenandadolescents.Theaveragedurationofsymptomswas short (mean,4.0months;median,1.5months).Theintraoperativebloodlosswaslarge(mean,3561 mL;median,1000mL).Tumorswereextra-axial, irregularlymultilobular,andhypervascular.Radiolog ically, theyshowedmixedattenuationonprecontrastCTimages,heterogeneoussignal intensityon precontrastMRimaging,andmarkedandheterogeneousenhancementonpostcontrastMRimaging. Boneerosionwassometimespresent,buthyperostosiswasnotpresent.OnMRimaging,multiple signal intensityvoidsofvesselswereobservedin100%(8/8)oftumorswithAVM-likesignal intensity flowvoidsin25%(2/8)of tumors.Theseresultssuggest thatCTandMRimagingfindingsmaybe helpful forpreoperativediagnosis
Tandem Carotid Lesions in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: A.Y. Poppe, G. Jacquin, D. Roy, C. Stapf, L. Derex
Published: 2020
Abstract:  SUMMARY: Approximately 15% of patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke have a tandem lesion, defined as a severe stenosis or occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery ipsilateral to its intracranial occlusion. Patients with tandem lesions have worse outcomes than patients with isolated intracranial occlusions, but the optimal management of their carotid lesions during endovascular thrombectomy remains controversial. The main options commonly used in current practice include acute stent placement in the carotid lesion versus thrombectomy alone without definitive revasculariza tion of the carotid artery. While treatment decisions for these patients are often complex and strategies vary according to clinical, anatomic, and technical considerations, only results from randomized trials comparing these approaches are likely to strengthen current recommendations and optimize patient care
基于同伴支持的延续护理模式对直肠癌永久性结肠造口术患者的效果
Authors: 李辉, 吴艳芳
Published: 2023
Keywords: 同伴支持, 延续护理, 直肠癌, 永久性结肠造口术
Abstract: 目的 探讨基于同伴支持的延续护理模式对直肠癌永久性结肠造口术患者的效果。方法选取2019年7月至2021年6月烟台市烟台山医院收治的直肠癌永久性肠造口术患者120例为研究对象，根据随机数字表法将其分为传统组和研究组各60例。传统组实施常规护理，研究组实施基于同伴支持的延续护理模式，观察并比较两组患者自我管理能力、自我护理能力及造口并发症发生情况。结果研究组自我管理能力评分、自我护理能力评分均显著优于传统组，研究组并发症发生率显著低于传统组（P<0.05）。结论基于同伴支持的延续护理可有效改善患者自我管理行为，显著提升患者自我护理能力，降低并发症发生风险，该护理可为永久性肠造口术患者居家康复质量提供持续性保障。
环境信息披露研究主题及其动态演变 ——基于 CiteSpace 的知识图谱分析
Authors: 张俭, 何依琳
Published: 2021
Keywords: 环境信息披露, CiteSpace, 知识图谱
Abstract: ：基于WOS和CSSCI核心数据库历年文献，采用CiteSpace软件绘制国内外环境信息披露研究领 域知识图谱，探讨发现，环境信息披露研究主题热点及其动态演变，随着时间的推移，环境信息披露研究越 来越受重视：国外研究更注重商业合法性和企业可持续发展主题，国内则主要把重污染行业上市公司作为研 究对象，并注重市场化进程的影响。近期的研究前沿表明，国外不断探索环境信息披露与财务绩效的关联性， 国内研究则偏向于政治因素和绿色金融方向。
运动恐惧在急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者自我效能与运动依从性间的中介效应
Authors: 任鹏娜, 张月, 丁琳, 汤爱玲, 董里, 葛颜, 袁红艳, 许方蕾, 朱张逸
Published: 2022
Keywords: 急性心肌梗死, 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗, 自我效能, 运动恐惧, 运动依从性, 中介效应 
Abstract: 　目的　探讨运动恐惧在急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI)术后患者自我效 能与运动依从性间的中介效应.方法　采用便利抽样法,于２０２１年５－８月选取上海２所医院心内科急性心肌梗死行PCI术的 ４３５例患者,采用心脏病患者运动恐惧量表、运动自我效能量表、运动依从性量表对其进行调查.结果　急性心肌梗死PCI术后 患者运动依从性总分为(１．９８±１．１０)分,处于中等水平;自我效能与运动依从性呈正相关(r＝０．５１１,P＜０．０１),运动恐惧与自我效 能、运动依从性呈负相关(r＝－０．２７、－０．５０１;均P＜０．０１).中介模型显示,自我效能对运动依从性存在直接正向预测作用,运动 恐惧在自我效能与运动依从性间起部分中介效应,贡献率为２５．０５％.结论　自我效能可通过运动恐惧间接影响急性心肌梗死 PCI术后患者运动依从性,医护人员应采取系统化措施降低患者的运动恐惧程度,增强其自我效能,进而提高运动依从性. 【关键词】　急性心肌梗死;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗;自我效能;运动恐惧;运动依从性;中介效应
感染预防护理对牙髓炎椅旁护理感染及满意度的影响
Authors: 石志岩, 李申, 付素伟
Published: 2023
Keywords: 感染预防, 护理, 牙髓炎, 椅旁护理
Abstract:  探讨感染预防护理对牙髓炎椅旁护理感染情况及满意度的影响。方法 选择河南省人 民医院2018年6月至2020年10月符合纳入标准且自愿参加该项研究的需行牙髓炎根管治疗的患者为研究对 象，共98例。随机数字法均分为两组，对照组49例，观察组49例，对照组采用常规椅旁护理，观察组在对照组基 础上采用感染预防护理。综合观察患者护理期间的治疗依从性、院内感染的发生情况、焦虑、抑郁情况、护理满意 度。结果 观察组患者治疗总依从率87.76%（43/49），优于对照组的71.43%（35/49），差异有统计学意义（Z= 4.021,P=0.045）。观察组患者院内感染的总发生率4.18%（2/49），低于对照组的16.33%（8/49），差异有统计 学意义(X²=4.009,P=0.045）。两组焦虑、抑郁、心率干预前比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预后，观察组 焦虑（43.24±4.21)分显著低于对照组（54.53±4.63）分，差异有统计学意义（t=12.629、P<0.001）；观察组抑郁 （44.64±3.63）分显著低于对照组（53.52±4.04）分，差异有统计学意义（t=11.445、P<0.001）；观察组心率 （100.24±9.53）次显著低于对照组（110.53±12.46）次，差异有统计学意义（t=4.598、P<0.001）。观察组护理满 意度93.88%（46/49），高于对照组的79.59%（39/49），差异有统计学意义（x²=4.346,P0.037）。结论仑感染预 防护理能显著降低牙髓炎椅旁护理的院内感染发生情况，一定程度上提高患者根管治疗的效率，缩短手术时间和 术后疼痛，有利于建立良好的护患关系，提高患者的满意度，值得推广。
Twinned-domain-induced magnonic modes in epitaxial LSMO/STO films
Authors: Erik Wahlström, Ferran Macià, Jos E Boschker, Åsmund Monsen, Per Nordblad, Roland Mathieu, Andrew D Kent, Thomas Tybell
Published: 2017
Keywords: magnonics, epitaxial LSMO/STO films, FMR, twin domains
Abstract: The use of periodic magnetic structures to control the magneto-dynamic properties of materials— magnonics—is a rapidly developing field. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that metallic films can be patterned or combined in patterns that give rise to well-defined magnetization modes, which are formed due to band folding or band gap effects. To explore and utilize these effects in a wide frequency range, it is necessary to pattern samples at the sub-micrometer scale. However, it is still a major challenge to produce low-loss magnonic structures with periodicities at such length scales. Here, we show that for a prototypical perovskite, La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3, the twinned structural order can be used to induce a magnetic modulation with a period smaller than 100 nm, demonstrating a bottom-up approach for magnonic crystal growth
Review—Brief Review of the Solid-State Graphenothermal Reduction for Processing Metal Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Energy Applications
Authors: Harita Pant, Shaikshavali Petnikota, Venkata Satya Siva Srikanth Vadali
Published: 2021
Abstract: In the recent past, metal oxide (MO)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites have attracted great attention in energy applications, especially as active electrode materials in Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. These nanocomposites are specifically designed to simultaneously tap the properties of metal oxide and graphene, making them advantageous for energy applications. The processing methods of MO-rGO nanocomposites can be broadly classified into i) rudimentary combustion, ii) post-immobilization, and ii) in situ bonding methods. Herein, the only solid-state in situ bonding method named Graphenothermal Reduction (GTR) in preparing various MO-rGO nanocomposites is reviewed. In the GTR method, the catalytic ability of carbon is used in processing the MO-rGO nanocomposites. The carbon in the starting graphenaceous material (typically GO) lowers the activation energy of the reduction reaction (which also lowers the reduction temperature) to in situ form metal oxide while the starting GO reduces to rGO in the nanocomposite. Immediate future perspectives pertaining to the GTR method are also discussed.
Relativistic X-Ray Reflection Models for Accreting Neutron Stars
Authors: Javier A. García, Thomas Dauser, Renee Ludlam, Michael Parker, Andrew Fabian, Fiona A. Harrison, Jörn Wilms
Published: 2022
Abstract: We present new reflection models specifically tailored to model the X-ray radiation reprocessed in accretion disks around neutron stars, in which the primary continuum is characterized by a single-temperature blackbody spectrum, emitted either at the surface of the star or at the boundary layer. These models differ significantly from those with a standard power-law continuum, typically observed in most accreting black holes. We show comparisons with earlier reflection models and test their performance in the NuSTAR observation of the neutron star 4U 1705−44. Simulations of upcoming missions such as XRISM-Resolve and Athena X-IFU are shown to highlight the diagnostic potential of these models for high-resolution X-ray reflection spectroscopy. These new reflection models xillverNS, and their relativistic counterpart relxillNS, are made publicly available to the community as an additional flavor in the RELXILL suite of reflection models.
Experimental investigation on multi-layered filament wound basalt/ E-glass hybrid fiber composite tubes
Authors: K Thirumavalavan, D Sarukasan
Published: 2022
Keywords: Multi layered hybrid fiber composite, Filament winding technique, Mechanical properties, Basalt fiber composite, Microstructure analysis
Abstract: In this study, the mechanical damage of Basalt/E-glass hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite tubes was evaluated experimentally using Micro hardness on transverse direction, uni-directional static tensile loading, and Quasi-static compressive loading. The Burn-off test method has been studied for the volumetric fraction of hybrid composite tubes. The multi-layer hybrid composite tubes composed of eight layers of plies at constant fiber tension of 20N, a constant mandrel rotation speed of 45 RPM and constant winding angle of ±55° for basalt fiber and ±90° for E-glass fiber were fabricated through a 3-axis filament winding machine with a seamless amalgamation of the stage by stage curing in the furnace. Eleven tube arrangements with fiber content proportion of {100%, 25:75%, 50:50% and 75:25%} with various stacking sequence were studied. The test results provide that these mechanical property’s behavior was moderately affected by the proportion of fiber content and most of the time affected by the variation of layer stacking sequence. Adding 50% of basalt and 50% E-glass fiber sharing of BGH7 hybrid combination of basalt laminate placed in the outer side increases the mechanical characterization compared to the 25% and 75% sharing of basalt and E-glass fiber. The fractured fibrous matrix of the tensile specimens and compressive specimens was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Convolutional neural network analysis of x-ray diffraction data: strain profile retrieval in ion beam modified materials
Authors: A Boulle, A Debelle
Published: 2022
Keywords: x-ray diffraction, strain, convolutional neural networks, machine learning, ion irradiation, ion implantation
Abstract: This work describes a proof of concept demonstrating that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be used to invert x-ray diffraction (XRD) data, so as to, for instance, retrieve depth-resolved strain profiles. The determination of strain distributions in disordered materials is critical in several technological domains, such as the semiconductor industry for instance. Using numerically generated data, a dedicated CNN has been developed, optimized, and trained, with the ultimate objective of inferring spatial strain profiles on the sole basis of XRD data, without the need of a priori knowledge or human intervention. With the example ZrO2 single crystals, in which atomic disorder and strain are introduced by means of ion irradiation, we investigate the physical parameters of the disordered material that condition the performances of the CNN. Simple descriptors of the strain distribution, such as the maximum strain and the strained depth, are predicted with accuracies of 94% and 91%, respectively. The exact shape of the strain distribution is predicted with a 82% accuracy, and 76% for strain levels <2% where the amount of meaningful information in the XRD data is significantly decreased. The robustness of the CNN against the number of predicted parameters and the size of the training dataset, as well as the uniqueness of the solution in some challenging cases, are critically discussed. Finally, the potential of the CNN has been tested on real, experimental, data. Interestingly, while the CNN has not been trained to operate on experimental data, it still shows promising performances with predictions achieved in a few seconds and corresponding root-mean-square errors in the 0.12–0.17 range for a fully automated approach, vs. a 0.06–0.12 range for a classical, human-based, approach that, in turn, requires several tens of minutes to optimize the solution. While the overall accuracy of the CNN has to be improved, these results pave the way for a fully automated XRD data analysis.
Dual-band Fourier-transform Millimeter-wave Spectrometry for In Situ Gas Sensing
Authors: Brian J. Drouin, Deacon J. Nemchick, Ananda Nole, Adrian Tang, Chung-Tse Michael Wu, Neda Khiabani
Published: 2022
Keywords: Millimeter-wave spectroscopy, Molecular spectroscopy, High resolution spectroscopy, Comet surfaces, Space vehicle instruments
Abstract: The exploration of icy body composition in the solar system has often involved spectroscopic measurements of volatiles detected with remote sensing, such measurements portray materials naturally expelled from the surface that enter the exosphere and potentially escape into space. Variations in the ratio of deuterium and hydrogen in these measurements have led to inconclusive hypotheses regarding potential cometary origins of Earth’s ocean water and/or organics. Observational biases regarding unknown previous processing of the observable ejected materials necessitates studies of more dormant, less-processed bodies. Landed missions on comets have brought focus onto the development of small, sensitive instrumentation capable of similar composition measurements of the nascent surface and near-surface materials. We present an evolution of our compact Fourier-transform millimeter wave cavity spectrometer that is tuned for sensitivity at 80.6 and 183 GHz where HDO and H2O exhibit resonance features. We discuss both a low-SWaP (size–weight and power) architecture that uses custom microchip transceiver elements as well as a modular configuration using traditional GaAs-based millimeter-wave hardware. Newdesign features for these systems including quartz-based coupling elements, system thermal management, and a separable clocking board are discussed in addition to sensitivity studies and applications in potential mission scenarios.
Sun-as-a-star Spectroscopic Observations of the Line-of-sight Velocity of a Solar Eruption on 2021 October 28
Authors: Yu Xu, Hui Tian, Zhenyong Hou, Zihao Yang, Yuhang Gao, Xianyong Bai
Published: 2022
Abstract:  The propagation direction and true velocity of a solar coronal mass ejection, which are among the most decisive factors for its geo-effectiveness, are difficult to determine through single-perspective imaging observations. Here we show that Sun-as-a-star spectroscopic observations, together with imaging observations, could allow us to solve this problem. Using observations of the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we found clear blueshifted secondary emission components in extreme-ultraviolet spectral lines during a solar eruption on 2021 October 28. From simultaneous imaging observations, we found that the secondary components are caused by a mass ejection from the flare site. We estimated the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity of the ejecta from both the double Gaussian fitting method and the red-blue asymmetry analysis. The results of both methods agree well with each other, giving an average LOS velocity of the plasma of ∼423kms−1. From the 304 Å image series taken by the Extreme ultraviolet Imager onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relation Observatory-A (STEREO-A) spacecraft, we estimated the plane-of-sky velocity from the STEREO-A viewpoint to be around 587 kms−1. The full velocity of the bulk motion of the ejecta was then computed by combining the imaging and spectroscopic observations, which turns out to be around 596 km s−1 with an angle of 42°.4 to the west of the Sun Earth line and 16°.0 south to the ecliptic plane.
New constraints on axion-gauge field dynamics during inflation from Planck and BICEP/Keck data sets 
Authors: Paolo Campeti, Ogan Özsoy, Ippei Obata, Maresuke Shiraishi
Published: 2022
Keywords: axions, CMBR experiments, gravitational waves and CMBR polarization, inflation
Abstract: We present new constraints on spectator axion-U(1) gauge field interactions during inflation using the latest Planck (PR4) and BICEP/Keck 2018 data releases. This model can source tensor perturbations from amplified gauge field fluctuations, driven by an axion rolling for a few e-folds during inflation. The gravitational waves sourced in this way have a strongly scale-dependent (and chiral) spectrum, with potentially visible contributions to large/intermediate scale B-modes of the CMB. We first derive theoretical bounds on the model imposing validity of the perturbative regime and negligible backreaction of the gauge field on the background dynamics. Then, we determine bounds from current CMB observations, adopting a frequentist profile likelihood approach. We study the behaviour of constraints for typical choices of the model’s parameters, analyzing the impact of different dataset combinations. We find that observational bounds are competitive with theoretical ones and together they exclude a significant portion of the model’s parameter space. We argue that the parameter space still remains large and interesting for future CMB experiments targeting large/intermediate scales B-modes.
Magnetic heating characteristics of La₀.₇SrₓCa₀.₃₋ₓMnO₃ nanoparticles fabricated by a high energy mechanical milling method
Authors: Hung Manh Do, Hong Nam Pham, Van Chien Nguyen, Thi Bich Hoa Phan, Dai Lam Tran, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Quoc Thong Phan, Van Hong Le, Xuan Phuc Nguyen
Published: 2011
Keywords: magnetic inductive heating, hyperthermia, manganite, reactive milling method
Abstract: Magnetic inductive heating (MIH) of nanoparticles (NPs) attracts considerable research attention, first because of its application to hyperthermia in biological tissues. Most reports so far have dealt with magnetite NPs with a Curie temperature, TC, of as high as above 500 °C. In this paper, we present results of a MIH study in an ac field of frequency 219 and 236 kHz and strength of 40–100 Oe for several samples of La₀.₇SrₓCa₀.₃₋ₓMnO₃ NPs of TC in the region of hyperthermia, that is some tens of degrees above human body temperature. The particle materials were fabricated by a high energy mechanical milling method combined with calcining at various temperatures in the range of 600–900 °C. The heating temperatures of the samples were observed to saturate at a field irradiating time of less than 10 min and at temperatures ranging from 40 to 75 °C depending on the strontium content, the NP concentration, c, and the field parameters. A sudden change in heating rate was clearly revealed in several heating curves for the case of low applied field and low c, which was considered to be related to the onset of a strong decrease in zero-field cooling (ZFC) magnetization of NPs. The initial temperature increase slope, dT/dr, and the saturation temperature, Ts will be analyzed as dependent on the NP concentration. Field dependences of the specific loss power will be analyzed and discussed for various concentrations, c. Evidence of fluid viscosity influence will also be noted.
Entanglement and analytical continuation: an intimate relation told by the Riemann zeta function 
Authors: C Feiler, W P Schleich
Published: 2013
Abstract:  We propose measurements on a quantum system to realize the Riemann zeta function ζ. A single system, that is classical interference, suffices to create the Dirichlet representation of ζ. In contrast, we need measurements performed on two entangled quantum systems to extend ζ into the critical strip of complex space where the non-trivial zeros of ζ are located. As a consequence, we can view these zeros as a result of a Schr¨ odinger cat which is by its very construction similar to, but in its details very different from, the superposition formed by two coherent states of identical amplitudes but opposite phases. This interpretation suggests that entanglement in quantum mechanics is the analogue of analytic continuation of complex analysis
超高速大容量光传输系统关键技术与产业发展研究
Authors: 刘宇旸, 闫飞, 冯立鹏, 吕凯, 冯振华, 陈欢
Published: 2023
Keywords: 超高速大容量光传输, 光纤通信系统;单波速率, 扩展波段, 新型光纤
Abstract: 随着互联网新兴业务的兴起,数据流量迎来了爆炸式增长。 围绕超高速大容量光传输系统中的超高速单波技术、扩展波段技术与新型光纤技术,详细介绍了其关键技术、发展现状以及相关产业发展情况,并对超高速大容量光传输系统关键技术与产业的未来发展方向进行了展望。
面向自智光网络的数字孪生技术研究及示范应用
Authors: 匡立伟, 曾至诚, 韵湘, 邹菲
Published: 2023
Keywords: 光传送网络;智慧光网络;数字孪生;仿真建模
Abstract: :信息通信技术处于加速融合、系统创新和智能引领的重大变革期,基于数字孪生技术构建具备自 配置、自优化、自修复能力的自智光网络,实现光网络规划、建设、维护、优化、运营全生命周期智能化、自 动化已经成为研究热点。 全面分析数字孪生技术国内外研究现状,提出新型自智光通信网络体系架构, 设计基于高维空间的光网数据量化表示模型,构建完备的数字孪生仿真建模运算集合,并针对当前光网 络运维挑战梳理出三类数字孪生应用场景;利用光网传输质量评估和自动优化案例阐述数字孪生技术 的应用效果,并对数字孪生技术进行总结与展望。
基于微服务架构的数字孪生仿真平台设计方法
Authors: 高月红, 张吉, 严靖炜, 刘奕彤, 郑青碧
Published: 2023
Keywords: 微服务, 数字孪生, 仿真

Abstract: 提出了一种基于微服务架构的数字孪生仿真平台的设计方法,以多维度资源精准调配的网络节能优化场景为例,通过拆分平台中松耦合的仿真单元,设计通信接口,并基于 Docker 及 Kubernetes 平台实现微服务仿真组件的部署,完成数字孪生仿真平台的架构升级。 通过融合微服务架构的优势,可以为平台未来的升级改造、功能扩展、部署实施等提供便捷。 测试结果表明,该方法可以以容器的形式实现并行计算,在计算量较大的场景下,显著缩短平台运行时间。
一种面向标识公共递归解析节点的数据安全加固策略
Authors: 刘文军, 陈晨, 狄航
Published: 2023
Keywords: 工业互联网, 标识解析, 安全加固, 二级节点
Abstract: 为解决工业互联网标识解析体系公共递归解析节点信息透明、缺乏隐私数据保护和身份权限管理等问题,提出了一种面向标识公共递归解析节点的数据安全加固策略。 通过设计加密机制及细粒度权限查验机制,实现了标识解析二级节点的编码注册和解析服务的安全加固,提高了标识解析数据共享的安全性,验证了该方案的有效性。
REASONING WITH IMPERATIVES USING CLASSICAL LOGIC 
Authors: Joseph S. Fulda
Published: 1995
Keywords: Imperatives; Classical logic; Declaratives; Sanction; Translation scheme; Argument validity
Abstract: Traditionally, imperatives have been handled with deontic logics, not the logic of propositions which bear truth values. Yet, an imperative is issued by the speaker to cause (stay) actions which change the state of affairs, which is, in turn, described by propositions that bear truth values. Thus, ultimately, imperatives affect truth values. In this paper, we put forward an idea that allows us to reason with imperatives using classical logic by constructing a one-to-one correspondence between imperatives and a particular class of declaratives.
Different Views of Laws of Nature
Authors: ÖMER FATİH TEKİN
Published: 2017
Keywords: Laws of Nature, regularity theory, nomic necessitation, dispositional essentialism
Abstract: There are roughly two main understanding in philosophy of science: Epistemology of Science and Metaphysics of Science. It is ex amined that some concept such as Laws of Nature, Causation, Time and Space into the metaphysics of Science. In this paper, it has been studied laws of nature which is one the most important subjects in metaphysics of science. Let’s think outside the box, there are three significant views about laws of nature; Regularity Theory, Necessita tion Theory and Dispositional Essential views. It has been worked the views of David Lewis in regularity theory. In the section of nomic ne cessitation we have been scrutinised the arguments put forward by David Armstrong and finally the last section; it has been discussed Al exander Bird’s views of dispositional essentialism comparing with the other two aspects.
The Rights of the Guilty : Punishment and Political Legitimacy
Authors: Corey Brettschneider
Published: 2007
Keywords: punishment, legitimacy, contractualism, criminal justice, rights

Abstract: In this essay I develop and defend a theory of state punishment within a wider conception of political legitimacy. While many moral theories of punishment focus on what is deserved by criminals, I theorize punishment within the specific context of the state’s relationship to its citizens. Central to my account is Rawls’s “liberal principle of legitimacy,” which requires that all state coercion be justifiable to all citizens. I extend this idea to the justification of political coercion to criminals qua citizens. I argue that the liberal principle of legitimacy implicitly requires states to respect the basic political rights of those who are guilty of committing crimes, thus prohibiting capital punishment.
Extension of the picture-superiority effect over multiple lists
Authors: RONALD BARNHART, ARTHUR GLENBERG
Published: 1990
Abstract: In general, pictures are freely recalled better than words, but results of a pilot experiment in dicated that this picture-superiority effect diminished with successive lists. We report here an experiment in which we investigated how the diminution over lists would respond to manipula tion of rate of presentation and list length. Although the diminution over lists did not replicate, the experiment serves to extend the generality of the picture-superiority effect.
Bond ordering in amorphous Si₁₋ₓNₓ 
Authors: S. J. Gurman
Published: 1991
Abstract: We describe the application of a standard thermodynamic model, the quasi-chemical approximation, to the problem of bond arrangement in amorphous Si₁₋ₓNₓ and use it to interpret X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data to obtain the distribution of nitrogen atoms in this material. We find that, although amorphous Si₁₋ₓNₓ is chemically ordered in the sense that nitrogen atoms are coordinated only by silicon atoms, the nitrogen atoms are distributed essentially randomly throughout the sample.
Professionalism in the match process: the rules and ethics of recruitment
Authors: Karen R. Borman
Published: 2004
Abstract: The portal through which most allopathic medical students enter graduate surgical education programs in the United States is the National Resident matching Program (NRMP) process, known as ‘‘the match.’’ Recently, the match has come under intense scrutiny, as the NRMP defends itself against a class action, antitrust lawsuit. In this article, I review the structure of the match, discuss available data about match participant behaviors, examine the ethical linkages inherent in the match, and make suggestions to strengthen the professional and ethical framework of the match.
Survival, growth, sexual maturity and tissue histamine accumulation of the mysis, Neomysis awatschensis and N. japonica Nakazawa, fed histamine supplemented diets
Authors: Xiaozhen Yang, Jinfeng Wang, Peng Fan, Liulan Zhao, Yongxu Cheng, Xugan Wu, Chaoshu Zeng
Published: 2010
Keywords: Dietary histamine concentration, Neomysis awatschensis, Neomysis japonica Nakazawa, Survival, Sexual maturity, Tissue histamine level
Abstract:  Estuaries are often subjected to intensive aquaculture activities. Finfish and crustacean culture frequently involve the use of trash fish, which can contain high amounts of histamine. This has the potential to be a major ecological concern since this trash fish often becomes a feed source for naturally occurring small aquatic animals, such as mysis. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary histamine supplementation on survival, growth, sexual maturity and tissue accumulation of two estuarine mysis, Neomysis awatschensis and N. japonica Nakazawa. Both N. awatschensis and N. japonica Nakazawa were fed specially formulated diets containing 0 (control), 1, 2 and4g/kg supplemented histamine (5 replicates per treatment; 110 neonates per replicate) from the time they became capable of effectively feeding on formulated diets (10 and 17 day-post-hatch for N. awatschensis and N. japonica Nakazawa, respectively). The feeding experiment continued until the mysis reached sexual maturity. Our current findings indicate that dietary histamine had negative effects on both mysis species although their sensitivity to histamine appeared to be species-specific. Results showed that survival was significantly lower for N. awatschensis fed diet containing 4 g/kg supplemented histamine (56.8%) when compared to that of the control (78.3%), while for N. japonica Nakazawa, survival was significantly lower in both 2 (52.1%) and 4g/kg (51.5%) histamine treatments than in the control group (74.3%) (pb0.05). Histamine containing diets also significantly impacted body length of sexual matured N. japonica Nakazawa, however,nosignificantdifferencesoneitherbodyweightorlengthweredetectedforN.awatschensis(pN0.05).It generally took longer for both males and females of the two mysis species to reach sexual maturity when they were fed diets containing higher levels of histamine and the differences were often significant (pb0.05). Compared to the control, the whole tissue histamine concentration increased significantly for N. japonica Nakazawa fed diets containing 2 and 4g/kg supplemented histamine (pb0.05), however, no significant differences in tissue histamine levels were found among all treatments for N. awatschensis. These results suggest that the consumption of stale aquaculture feeds containing histamine could significantly impact naturally existing aquatic animals that play an important role in the marine food web and ecosystem.