DemoTest0122/ScienceMetaBench105 huggingface dataset:
Induced defense responses in rice plants against small brown planthopper infestation
Authors: Canxing Duan⁎, Jiaojiao Yu, Jianyu Bai, Zhendong Zhu, Xiaoming Wang
Published: 2013
Keywords: Defense enzyme, Defense gene, Real-time PCR, Rice
Abstract:  Thesmallbrownplanthopper(SBPH),LaodelphaxstriatellusFallén(Homoptera:Delphacidae),is a serious pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China. To understand the mechanisms of rice resistance to SBPH, defense response genes and related defense enzymes were examined in resistant and susceptible rice varieties in response to SBPH infestation. The salicylic acid (SA) synthesis-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), NPR1, EDS1 and PAD4 were induced rapidly and to a much higher level in the resistant variety Kasalath than in the susceptible cultivar Wuyujing3inresponsetoSBPHinfestation.TheexpressionlevelofPALin the Kasalath rice at 12 h post-infestation (hpi) increased 7.52-fold compared with the un-infested control, and the expression level in Kasalath was 49.63, 87.18, 57.36 and 75.06 times greater than that in Wuyujing 3 at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hpi, respectively. However, the transcriptional levels of the jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis-related genes LOX and AOS2 in resistant Kasalath were significantly lower than in susceptible Wuyujing 3 at 24, 36, 48 and 72 hpi. The activities of the defense enzymes PAL, peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased remarkably in Kasalath in response to SBPH infestation, and were closely correlated with the PAL gene transcript level. Our results indicated that the SA signaling pathway was activated in the resistant Kasalath rice variety in response to SBPH infestation and that the gene PAL playeda considerable role in the resistance to SBPH. ©2013 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Red fluorescent protein (DsRed2), an ideal reporter for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding
Authors: Lin Sun, Muna Alariqi, Yi Zhu, Jianying Li, Zelin Li, Qing Wang, Yajun Li, Hangping Rui, Xianlong Zhang, Shuangxia Jin
Published: 2018
Keywords: DsRed2；Reporter gene；Transgenic cotton；Molecular breeding；DNA methylation
Abstract: Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral (DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars, JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the CaMV-35S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds. The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the CaMV-35S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription. Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.
Molecular insights into structural and dynamic properties of water molecules in calcium silicate hydrate nanopores: The roles of pore size and temperature
Authors: Shaoyan Liu, Hubao A, Shengwen Tang, Ming-feng Kai, Zhibing Yang
Published: 2023
Keywords: Calcium silicate hydrate, water molecule, structural property, dynamic property, pore size, temperature
Abstract: Calcium silicate hydrate is the primary hydration product of Portland cement and plays a crucial role in determining the strength of cement-based materials. The structural and dynamic properties of water molecules within calcium silicate hydrate nanopores have significant implications for the mechanical and durability performance of these materials. However, the influences of pore size and temperature on the properties of water molecules have not been fully explored. In this work, using molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis, the evolution and mechanisms of the structural and dynamic properties of water molecules in different scenarios with various pore sizes and temperatures are systematically investigated. It is shown that the diffusion coefficients of water molecules increase with both pore size and temperature. Moreover, water molecules have a tendency to adsorb onto calcium silicate hydrate substrates, forming a distinct layered structure. As a result, the water molecules near the surfaces of calcium silicate hydrate substrates exhibit limited mobility, leading to smaller diffusion coefficients compared to those in other regions. Additionally, the distinctions in properties between water molecules and Ca2+ ions are elucidated and the underlying mechanisms behind these differences are also unveiled. The results and findings in this work deepen the understanding of structural and dynamic properties of water molecules within calcium silicate hydrate nanopores, providing valuable insights for improving the mechanical and durability performance of cement-based materials.
Silica nanoparticle with a single His-tag for addressable functionalization, reversible assembly, and recycling
Authors: Yuye Cao, Yangdong Cui, Yu Yang, Jie Hua, Zheng-Mei Song, Haifang Wang, Yuanfang Liu, Aoneng Cao
Published: 2018
Keywords: His-tagged nanoparticle, solid phase, reversible assembly, addressable functionalization, protein orientation
Abstract: For many biomedical and catalytic applications, such as encapsulation of proteins/enzymes in nanoparticles (NPs), it is preferable to have well-dispersed small NPs that are stable in solution and behave quasi-homogeneously. However, conventional liquid phase methods for small-NP synthesis and functionalization usually face great difficulties in separation/purification and recycling. In addition, controlling the orientation of proteins inside NPs is also a crucial issue to maximize the activity of the encapsulated proteins. Herein, we report a solid phase method to solve these problems. Using His-tagged proteins as cores, well-dispersed core-shell silica NPs are facilely synthesized and functionalized in a column. The core His-tagged proteins are kept bound on the surface of the resin beads in the column during the entire process, making the separation/purification of NPs and their precursors during the multiple-step process as simple as a few-minutes procedure of draining and washing the column. Each obtained silica NP has an adjustable eccentric core-shell structure with only one His-tag sticking out of the particle. This single His-tag on the surface of each NP not only makes it easy for addressable and stoichiometric functionalization of the NP but also provides an easy way to reversibly assemble NPs into dimers or be oriented on the surface of large particles. Notably, this solid phase approach also provides a versatile means to control the orientation of proteins inside NPs, and the His-tag makes it easy to recycle those well-dispersed small NPs.
Natural polymers based triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting biomechanical energy and monitoring human motion
Authors: Hong Chen, Qixin Lu, Xia Cao, Ning Wang, Zhong Lin Wang
Published: 2021
Keywords: triboelectric nanogenerator, natural polymers, biomechanical energies, human motion monitoring
Abstract:  Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proved as a promising energy harvester in recent years, but the challenges of exploring economically triboelectric materials still exist and have aroused interests of many researchers. In this paper, chitosan silk fibroin-airlaid paper composite film (CSA film) was fabricated and then the CSA film based-triboelectric nanogenerator (CSA TENG) was constructed, which presents an opportunity for natural polymers to be applied in triboelectric materials. Due to the excellent electron donating ability of CSA film, the CSA-TENG can harvest environmental energy with a high efficiency. More importantly, the as-designed CSA film based dual-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (CSA-D-TENG) is successfully assembled into hand clapper and trampoline to harvest mechanical energies generated by human bodies, it is also capable of monitoring human movement while harvesting biomechanical energies. This work provides a simple and environmental-friendly way to develop TENG for biomechanical energies harvesting and human motion monitoring
Enhanced electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂+ fuels by the synergetic effect of polyaniline/CuO nanosheets hybrids
Authors: Lian Ma, Qinghong Geng, Longlong Fan, Jun-Xuan Li, Dawei Du, Junli Bai, Cuiling Li

Published: 2023
Keywords: electrochemical CO₂ reduction, CuO nanosheets (NSs), electrocatalysis, polyaniline (PANI), C₂+ selectivity
Abstract: Electrochemically converting CO₂ to value-added multi-carbon (C₂+) fuels and chemicals is a favorable way to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, polyaniline/CuO nanosheets (PANI/CuO NSs) hybrid electrocatalysts are developed in order to achieve superior C₂+ selectivity by imparting PANI functional component to the CuO NSs. The decorated PANI nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively stabilize the •CO intermediates and increase their coverage on the active Cu sites, which facilitates the C–C coupling to form multi-carbon products. Benefiting from the synergic effect of PANI and CuO NSs, best Faradaic efficiency (FE) for C₂+ product up to 66.4% at −1.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in a H-cell measurement and 60.0% at 400 mA·cm⁻² in a flow cell measurement are demonstrated by PANI/CuO NSs-25 sample. More importantly, the C₂+ selectivity keeps stable even in a continuous measurement time period of 92 h in H-cell. The present study may provide more insights for designing efficient hybrid materials toward superior C₂+ production from electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.
温州市公众科普需求调研分析及对策研究
Authors: 张小华, 徐欢欢, 刘光道, 范成武
Published: 2024
Keywords: 科技创新, 科普需求, 科普教育
Abstract: 伴随着科技日益的发展进步，公众的科普需求也日渐提高，如何提高科普工作的有效性和针对性成为需要关注的问题。因此，有必要梳理公众的科普需求特征，为基于公众视角提高科普工作提供参考。本研究采用问卷调研法、比较分析法等方法对温州市的科普需求进行调查和分析，并对当前科普工作存在的问题提出相关对策建议，提高科普工作的效果。
双薪夫妇成人依恋对婚姻质量的影响：家庭结构和家庭周期的调节作用
Authors: 吴梦玲
Published: 2017
Keywords: 双薪夫妇, 家庭结构, 家庭周期, 成人依恋, 婚姻质量

Abstract: 本研究以98对(196人)双薪夫妇为样本考察了中国双薪夫妇婚姻质量的特点，并采用分组结构方程模型 分别检验了家庭结构和家庭周期对成人依恋和婚姻质量关系的调节效应。结果发现：(1) 依恋回避和依 恋焦虑都对婚姻质量存在显著的负向影响；(2) 婚姻质量在家庭结构和家庭周期上存在显著差异；(3) 家 庭结构和家庭周期分别对成人依恋和婚姻质量的关系起调节作用。这些结果说明，成人依恋是影响婚姻 质量的重要因素，家庭结构和家庭周期在其中起着重要的调节作用。
肿瘤放化疗患者营养管理模式研究进展
Authors: 孙丽丽, 明洁, 代晓雪, 王海娟, 徐笑, 魏玉玲
Published: 2024
Keywords: 肿瘤放化疗, 营养管理, 营养筛查, 营养评估, 营养护理
Abstract: 肿瘤放化疗患者的营养管理对其治疗、康复至关重要，目前肿瘤放化疗患者营养管理模式仍是处于探索 实践阶段，尚无统一标准。笔者从营养管理团队、营养筛查、评价指标、营养管理内容及模式等方面总 结分析近年来肿瘤患者营养管理模式与护理进展，为营养管理的开展提供决策支持和科学依据。
2018~2020年大理市某三甲医院嗜血杆菌感染分布及耐药性分析
Authors: 周宇, 刘永磊, 樊玉娟, 徐世豪, 杨林
Published: 2022
Keywords: 嗜血杆菌, 呼吸道感染, 耐药性
Abstract: 目的：分析大理大学第一附属医院流感嗜血杆菌感染分布特点、耐药性及其变化趋势。方法：对大理大学 第一附属医院2018年1月初至2020年12月底患者的口痰、咽拭子标本进行分离培养和细菌鉴定、药敏试 验和结果判定，对数据进行统计分析。结果：共分离205株流感嗜血杆菌，流感嗜血杆菌195株，副流感 嗜血杆菌15株。标本主要来源于痰液(93.16%)、咽拭子(5.79%)；男性(69.47%)比女性(30.53%)患病率 更高。流感嗜血杆菌与副流感嗜血杆菌均对氨苄西林的耐药率高于63.74%，对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率 高于53.33%，对头孢呋辛耐药率高于26.37%，而对氨曲南、氯霉素、美罗培南、头孢他啶、阿奇霉素的 耐药率低(0.00%~33.33%)，尤以美罗培南耐药率最低(0.00%~2.20%)。结论：嗜血杆菌感染好发于低龄 儿童、免疫力低下以及患有慢性呼吸系统疾病的人群，嗜血杆菌对药物复方磺胺甲噁唑和氨苄西林耐药性 高，但对美罗培南耐药性较低，临床医生应根据药敏结果合理选用抗生素，避免耐药菌株的产生。
嗜盐菌对高盐废水处理的研究进展
Authors: 魏莉荣, 王纪晗, 徐毓东, 耿合定, 赵辉, 闫华晓, 韩作振
Published: 2021
Keywords: 嗜盐菌, 高盐废水, 废水处理, 经济节约, 环境友好
Abstract: 许多工业生产活动都会产生废水，有些废水含高盐度、高有机质和其他可危害环境的污染物。目前， 含盐废水的处理已成为许多国家关注的重要问题之一。本文介绍了高盐废水的来源、特点，以及传统 处理高盐废水的方法和存在的缺陷。嗜盐菌因为其生长环境特殊，利用其具有的独特功能来处理高盐 废水，是一种经济节约、环境友好的好方法。嗜盐菌在高盐废水处理中有巨大应用潜力。本文阐述了 嗜盐菌的分类及嗜盐机理，同时对去除高盐废水中的石油烃类、重金属以及氮磷等的研究进展进行了 综述，最后，展望了嗜盐菌在处理废水中的应用前景和面临的挑战，为后续的嗜盐菌处理高盐废水等 研究提供参考。
基于信息流视角的甘肃省城市网络结构特征研究
Authors: 许联鑫
Published: 2024
Keywords: 城市网络, 百度指数, 甘肃省
Abstract: 从不同视角剖析中国城市网络的结构特征对于深刻认识中国城市网络结构及模式具有重要意义。信息流得益于互联网的发展突破了传统时空距离的约束，是表征区域联系的重要指标。基于百度指数对甘肃省城市网络结构特征进行研究，结果发现：1) 基于信息流视角的甘肃省城市网络结构表现出明显的核心-边缘特征，兰州是省内唯一的核心，且核心地位仍在进一步加强，省内缺乏明显的信息流强度第二位的城市。2) 甘肃省城市信息流的离散程度较高，各城市信息流分布比较分散。3) 甘肃省河西地区城市间信息联系普遍下降，黄河以东以南的地区城市对信息联系普遍增强；除省会兰州之外的其他城市间信息联系整体较弱，且这种弱势程度还在进一步加深。本研究可以为甘肃城市与区域协同发展以及更好发挥甘肃区位优势提供一些思路和参考。
面孔熟悉度对4~5岁幼儿注视追随的影响
Authors: 刘来
Published: 2020
Keywords: 注视追随, 熟悉度, 4~5岁幼儿, 注视线索范式
Abstract: 注视追随是指个体追随他人眼睛注视方向转移注意的现象，本研究使用标准注视线索范式来检验面孔熟悉度对幼儿注视追随的影响。结果显示，当SOA为200 ms时，幼儿追随了高熟悉度面孔的注视，但没有追随低熟悉度面孔的注视；SOA为800 ms时，幼儿既没有追随高熟悉度面孔的注视，也没有追随低熟悉度面孔的注视。说明熟悉度调节注视追随的自动化加工成分，对幼儿注视追随的影响是快速且自动的。未来研究需进一步明确影响注视追随是自动化加工或控制加工的情境因素。
基于IBAS-BP神经网络的风功率预测
Authors: 掌旭, 刘文超, 徐世龙, 邹邦柱, 吴昊, 修唯, 张煜
Published: 2023
Keywords: 风电功率预测, BP神经网络, 改进天牛须算法, 鲸鱼算法
Abstract: 风电功率预测精度对风电场调度有着重要意义。针对目前预测方法中模型预测精度不高且训练速度较慢 等问题，提出一种改进天牛须算法优化神经网络参数的短期风电功率预测模型。采用群体寻优的方式改 进BAS算法，并在信息选取利用时提出精英个体概念，对现有精英个体继续进行寻优，从而改善了原始 模型在权重更新的过程中易出现局部极值的问题。
汉语方言背景下海外华裔学生习得汉语语法偏误研究的现状与思考
Authors: 李芯梦
Published: 2023
Keywords: 汉语方言, 海外华裔, 习得, 语法偏误
Abstract: 汉语作为第二语言教学在海外发展日渐蓬勃，但在国际中文教学中，如何处理好普通话与方言之间的关 系，也是二语教学中需要注意的问题。普通话和方言，在语音、词汇、语法等方面存在差异，这些差异 容易导致有汉语方言背景的华裔汉语学习者受到母语方言的影响。通过对中国知网、维普和万方2009 年至2021年间关于海外华裔学生习得汉语语法偏误研究文献的整理，发现以海外华裔学生为研究对象的 汉语语法习得研究数量不多，仅17篇。其中，以有汉语方言背景的华裔学生为研究对象的相关研究数量 仅见2篇。以上研究主要以华裔习得语法句式偏误分析研究为主，在分析研究现状的基础上，结合国际 中文教育的现实需要，对该领域提出了研究展望和未来的研究方向。
光伏水泵群控系统的最大功率跟踪及稳定控制
Authors: 陈彦丰, 苏建徽, 刘鹏
Published: 2017
Keywords: 光伏水泵, 非均衡功率搜索, 最大功率点跟踪, 水泵饱和
Abstract: 本文将非均衡功率扰动搜索应用于光伏水泵系统中，通过非均衡功率扰动搜索阵列的最大功率，研究了如何在保持已运行水泵频率不变的前提下，更加准确的获取阵列最大功率。同时在水泵系统的运行时，防止系统的阵列功率有大幅度跌落，在比例控制的基础上，加入了频率闭环，即使阵列功率出现大幅跌落，系统仍可保持稳定。
Visual Autism
Authors: Margaret Reynolds, Susan M. Culican
Published: 2023
Keywords:  blindism; visual autism; congenital blindness; autism spectrum disorder
Abstract:  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 2.2% of children. Both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for ASD. Visual comorbidities are relatively common among children with ASD. Between 20 and 44% of ASD children have visually significant refractive error, on-third have strabismus, and one-fifth have amblyopia. In addition, ASD is 30 times more common in children with congenital blindness. It is unknown whether the association of ASD with visual morbidity is causal, comorbid, or contributing. Structural and functional abnormalities have been identified in MRIs of ASD children, and ASD children have been noted to have aberrant eye tracking. ASD children with visually significant refractive errors and poor spectacle compliance (present in 30% of ASD children) offer the opportunity for investigation into how improved visual acuity influences ASD behaviors. In this review, we focus on what is known of the visual system, refractive surgery, and ASD
In Silico Analysis of PKS and NRPS Gene Clusters in Arisostatin- and Kosinostatin-Producers and Description of Micromonospora okii sp. nov.
Authors: Hisayuki Komaki, Natsuko Ichikawa, Akira Hosoyama, Moriyuki Hamada and Yasuhiro Igarashi

Published: 2021
Keywords: arisostatin; classification; kosinostatin; Micromonospora; polyketide; quinolidomicin; secondary metabolite
Abstract: Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 and Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 are producers of arisostatin and kosinostatin, respectively. Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 100% to Micromonospora oryzae CP2R9-1ᵀ whereas Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 showed a 99.3% similarity to Micromonospora haikouensis 232617ᵀ. A phylogenetic analysis based on gyrB sequences suggested that Micromonospora oryzae TP-A0316 is closely related to Micromonospora oryzae whereas Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 is an independent genomospecies. As Micromonospora sp. TP-A0468 showed some phenotypic differences to its closely related species, it was classified as a novel species, for which the name Micromonospora okii n. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TP-A0468ᵀ (= NBRC 110461ᵀ). Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 and M. okii TP-A0468ᵀ were both found to harbor 15 gene clusters for secondary metabolites such as polyketides and nonribosomal peptides in their genomes. Arisostatin-biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 closely resembled tetrocacin A-BGC of Micromonospora chalcea NRRL 11289. A large type-I polyketide synthase gene cluster was present in each genome of Micromonospora sp. TP-A0316 and M. okii TP-A0468ᵀ. It was an ortholog of quinolimidomicin-BGC of M. chalcea AK-N57 and widely distributed in the genus Micromonospora.
Bridging the Gap between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Metaproteomic Approach for Biomarker Discovery in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Esra Ayan, Hasan DeMirci, Muhittin Abdulkadir Serdar, Francesca Palermo and Ahmet Tarık Baykal
Published: 2023
Keywords: neurodegeneration; Alzheimer’s Disease; proteomics; metaproteomics; gut microbiota; 5xFAD mice
Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating form of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although a vast amount of research has investigated the complex interplay between gut microbiota and neurodegeneration, the metaproteomic effects of microbiota on AD pathogenesis remain largely uncharted territory. This study aims to reveal the role of gut microbiota in AD pathogenesis, particularly regarding changes in the proteome and molecular pathways that are intricately linked to disease progression. We operated state-of-the-art Nano-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to compare the metaproteomic shifts of 3-month-old transgenic (3M-ALZ) and control (3M-ALM, Alzheimer’s Littermate) mice, depicting the early onset of AD with those of 12-month-old ALZ and ALM mice displaying the late stage of AD. Combined with computational analysis, the outcomes of the gut–brain axis-focused inquiry furnish priceless knowledge regarding the intersection of gut microbiota and AD. Accordingly, our data indicate that the microbiota, proteome, and molecular changes in the intestine arise long before the manifestation of disease symptoms. Moreover, disparities exist between the normal-aged flora and the gut microbiota of late-stage AD mice, underscoring that the identified vital phyla, proteins, and pathways hold immense potential as markers for the early and late stages of AD. Our research endeavors to offer a comprehensive inquiry into the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease utilizing metaproteomic approaches, which have not been widely adopted in this domain. This highlights the exigency for further scientific exploration to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern this complex and multifaceted linkage.
Plants Biodiversity in Olive Orchards and Surrounding Landscapes from a Conservation Biological Control Approach
Authors: María Villa, Sónia A. P. Santos, Carlos Aguiar and José Alberto Pereira

Published: 2020
Keywords: food sources; pollen; nectar; natural enemies; pest control; Mediterranean areas
Abstract: Many natural control agents of olive pests need pollen and nectar from non-crop plants in order to complete their life cycles. However, a deep knowledge about the occurring plant species in the agroecosystem is necessary to select the plant species to be maintained or enhanced from a conservation biological control approach. Thus, in this study, the goal was to increase the understanding about the plants’ biodiversity in an important olive-producing region in the northeast of Portugal. For that, on a weekly basis during the spring and every other week in the summer and autumn, blooming plant inventories were accomplished in three olive orchards with spontaneous vegetation and its surroundings (woody and herbaceous vegetation areas) from April to December of 2012 and 2013. The percentage ground cover for each flowering plant species was recorded following the Daubenmire cover scale modified by Bailey. A total of 258 plant species belonging to 47 families were identified. The most abundant family was Asteraceae, followed by Poaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae. Several species were specific to each land use and presented different flowering periods, representing a potential variety of food sources across the seasons. Additionally, some of the identified species are known for their implications as providers of the key requisites for natural control agents. These results provided us with valuable information for the implementation of conservation biological control measures.
Long-Term Response of Floodplain Meadow Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to Hydro-Climate and Grazing Pressure: Tamir River Plains, Mongolia
Authors: Lkhaakhuu Nyamjav, Soninkhishig Nergui, Byambakhuu Gantumur, Munkhtsetseg Zorigt and Roland Jansson
Published: 2024
Keywords: NDVI; climate change; hydro-climatic factors; grazing intensity; dzud events; floodplains; Mongolia
Abstract: The greenery of floodplain meadows in arid regions, such as Mongolia, is influenced by climate, hydrology, and land use. In this study, we analyzed the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of two floodplain meadows located along the South Tamir and Tamir Rivers using LANDSAT images. Our goal was to observe NDVI spatial changes, variations, and mean values in mid-August every six years from 1991 to 2015 and to identify the factors driving these differences. To achieve this, we conducted variance analysis to identify changes in NDVI and implemented Principal Component Analysis to determine the influence of hydro-meteorological factors and grazing intensity. Our findings indicate a significant decrease in greenness, as measured by pixel-scale NDVI, during the late summer period. This decrease was consistently observed, except for a series of harsh winters that followed relatively dry summers, resulting in a disastrous event called dzud, which led to the death of livestock. The decrease in NDVI was amplified by lower precipitation in June, higher temperatures and wind speed in July, and increased precipitation in August, along with a higher frequency of days with convective rain. Our findings have important implications for managing grazing in Mongolia’s grasslands, promoting sustainable land use, and mitigating sandstorms. The variance and average values of NDVI at the pixel level can serve as reliable markers of sustainable pasture management in areas where other vegetation measures are limited.
Path Optimization of Technological Innovation Efficiency Improvement in China’s High-Tech Industries Based on QCA and GA-PSO-BP Neural Network
Authors: Yuanyuan Kou, Huiying Chen, Kai Liu, Yanping Zhou, Huajie Xu
Published: 2023
Keywords: technological innovation efficiency; path optimization; China’s high-tech industries; qualitative comparative analysis; GA-PSO-BP neural network
Abstract: Innovation is the main driving force to promote national technological progress. It is of great significance to explore the optimal path to improve innovation efficiency by using the qualitative method and neural network prediction model to promote the high-quality development of the national economy. This study focuses on high-tech industries in the eastern, central and western regions of China; a factor-dependent research framework for innovation efficiency improvement in high-tech industries is constructed in China. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method (QCA) is used to explore multiple paths to enhance the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries. Then, a GA-PSO-BP neural network is used to construct an optimization model for the enhancement path of technological innovation efficiency, which clarifies the optimal path for the enhancement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Finally, innovation management strategies for high-tech industries are presented with regional features. The study finds that none of the individual conditions are necessary to promote the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries, and only the linkage effect of the factors can achieve the goal of improving the innovation efficiency level of China’s high-tech industries. There are four configuration paths to improve the innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industries, which are: “Multinational company (MNC) innovation—economic development—government support”; “MNC innovation—government support”; “economic development—government support”; and “economic development”. The characteristics of regional heterogeneity make differences in the optimal paths of innovation efficiency improvement in high-tech industries in eastern, central and western regions of China.
基于线性自抗扰的开关磁阻电机控制器设计
Authors: 吴江
Published: 2019
Keywords: 开关磁阻电机, 双闭环控制, PI控制, 线性自抗扰控
Abstract: 开关磁阻电机（Switched Reluctance Motor，SRM），机械结构简单、稳定性好，应用范围广，工作状态时的绕组相互独立，具有调速范围宽、效率高、动态响应好等优异性能，在航空工业、新能源电动汽车、油田抽油机、家电等领域得到广泛的应用。但是，由于电机运行时磁路的非线性和转矩脉动严重，并且难以精确建立开关磁阻电机的动态模型，导致对开关磁阻电机转速的控制较为复杂，因此高性能的转速控制研究尤为重要。针对上述问题，本文提出了一种基于线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）的SRM转速双闭环控制策略，主要的工作内容有：
针对传统的PI双闭环控制SRM转速的问题，设计了基于LADRC的SRM转速控制器，为了验证LADRC转速控制策略的可行性和高效性，分别设计了转速外环PI控制和电流内环PI控制、转速外环LADRC控制和电流内环PI控制、转速外环PI控制和电流内环LADRC控制、转速外环LADRC控制和电流内环LADRC控制四种双闭环调速控制器，并且对四种控制方式在设定转速、转速突变和负载突变情况下进行仿真，验证了LADRC双闭环控制的可行性，能够较好的解决SRM调速的快速性与超调的矛盾。
针对LADRC双闭环控制SRM转速的实验验证问题，设计了基于LADRC的SRM调速控制的软硬件系统，搭建了额定功率1.5KW的三相12/8极开关磁阻电机实验平台，然后对双闭环的LADRC控制方式和双闭环的PI控制方式控制效果进行实验验证，实验结果表明，基于LADRC控制的转速双闭环控制策略在快速、超调和抗扰动方面均优于PI控制。
本文所提出的基于LADRC的转速双闭环控制策略，实现了对SRM的高性能转速控制，设计的基于LADRC的SRM控制器，具有一定工程应用价值。
PREDUZETNIČKO OKRUŽENJE I KONKURENTNOST U BIH I SRBIJI
Authors: Jelena Mićić, Marko Šarčević
Published: 2015
Keywords: preduzetništvo, konkurentnost, produktivnost, preduzetničko okruženje, indikatori konkurentnosti
Abstract:  Bosnia and Herzegovina together with Serbia shows the poor economic performance com pared to neighbor countries, while the European average remains a remote and largely unattaina ble category. The reasons for this unsatisfactory situation are many, and this paper aims to high light the entrepreneurial aspect of the econom ic dynamics of these countries compared to the world, European and regional average. We will use comparative, statistical, dynamical and cog nitive analysis and synthesis in order to get better insight into the causes of our current situation, as well as recognizing the potential comparative advantages. Through presentation of the BiH and Serbia position in the Reports of the World Economic Forum in relation to the weighted av erages of the world, Europe and the region, and further through the analysis of the basic param eters of competitiveness and detailed analysis of business environment indicators we will reach important conclusions about the most important shortcomings and potential advantages of en trepreneurship in BiH and Serbia. These results should be kept in mind while creating future eco nomic measures, and they have considerable us able value for current and future entrepreneurs.
Unfamiliar Journey: Baudelaire in the Work of Jean-Luc Godard
Authors: Ioan Pop-Curșeu
Published: 2018
Keywords: Baudelaire, Godard, Poe, cinema, poetry, film theory. 
Abstract: This paper examines the importance of Baudelaire and his work in the cinematographic activity of Jean Luc Godard. In the introduction, the focus is placed on the context, because the film directors of the Nouvelle Vague were very interested in reading and interpreting Baudelaire through their creations. Godard participates to this cultural trend, but he engages more than any other director in a dialogue with Baudelaire. This dialogue occurs on three levels, each one being analysed in a distinct part of the paper. Firstly, the allusions and references to Baudelaire’s work in Godard’s films are gathered and interpreted. Secondly, Baudelaire is seen through Godard’s interest in Poe’s stories and narratives. Thirdly, we emphasise and discuss the importance of Baudelaire, the art critic, for Godard, as a film theorist.
中国核心通货膨胀率的测算研究
Authors: 汪静文
Published: 2018
Keywords: 通货膨胀, 核心通货膨胀, SVAR模型, 截尾平均法
Abstract: 通货膨胀是一种常见的经济现象，但是在经济学理论中，通货膨胀将会影响财富分配和产出、就业，所以有效的观测和度量通货膨胀尤为重要。
度量通货膨胀的常用指标有：居民价格指数、生产者价格指数、GDP平减指数和批发物价指数等。我国通常将CPI作为重要的度量指标，但是宏观经济形势的变动往往是多种复杂的冲击相互作用造成的结果，这也使得CPI无法准确表达国内的真实状况，成为制定货币政策的有效依据。西方经济学家认为应该根据核心通货膨胀来制定经济政策。通货膨胀应该关注的是其中能够被货币政策影响的中长期的趋势性部分。目前很多国家都用核心通货膨胀指数来评估经济状况如美国，英国，加拿大。然而，国家统计局还未正式公布核心通货膨胀指标相关信息，而且是全球主要经济体中唯一不公布核心通货膨胀率的，这对我国要在未来要应对诡谲多变的经济环境不得不说是一个缺憾。
核心通货膨胀不是一个新的概念，是对通货膨胀的一种度量方法，是较原有的度量指标，如CPI、PPI等更优的度量指标。但是，核心通货膨胀不是对原有的度量指标的替代，而是补充。关于核心通货膨胀的度量方法包括剔除法、截尾平均法、SVAR模型法和加权中位数法等。
本文旨在系统的引入核心通货膨胀理论，对通货膨胀理论和现有度量指标、核心通货膨胀定义、作用、优势、度量方法等方面做了详细的介绍和比较分析。基于Wynne（1999）、Vega和Wynne（2003）提出的核心通货膨胀率度量方法的期望性质及评价，结合中国国情，本文认为采用截尾平均法和结构向量自回归（SVAR）方法更为合理可靠。最后在核心通货膨胀的应用和方法的选择以及国家统计部门在发布通货膨胀指数的时效性和准确性上提出了建议和意见。
在目前的学术研究中采用的样本的时间不是最新的，对于现在的核心通货膨胀的研究的参考价值将会下降。一般文章都只采用一种测度方法来研究估计核心通货膨胀，但是任何一种测度方法都有其缺陷。
本文在借鉴以前学术观点的基础上进行修改，首先定义了核心通货膨胀是什么，其次构建了计量模型进行估算。本文选用SVAR模型和30％单侧截尾平均模型相结合来估算核心通货膨胀率。本文的创新之处：（1）先分别用SVAR和截尾平均法模型测算出估计值，再用加权得到最终的估计值。（2）新性的将两种模型结合，融合了两种方法的优点并做到优势互补。
霍山石斛（栽培）抗炎多糖的结构鉴定及活性评
Authors: 王淑琪
Published: 2018
Keywords: 霍山石斛, 多糖, 抗炎活性, 结构特征, 巨噬细胞
Abstract: 霍山石斛（Dendrobium huoshanense）是我国一种传统的药用植物，其茎部位可经加工成为枫斗，是一种珍贵的补品。本文以栽培的霍山石斛茎部位为原料提取多糖，以小鼠 Raw264.7 巨噬细胞为模型评价多糖的抗炎活性，并对高活性组分的结构进行解析，对其抗炎信号转导机制进行探讨，以期为阐明霍山石斛多糖功能与结构之间的联系奠定基础。
（1）以巨噬细胞释放炎性介质 NO 水平为指标，对霍山石斛不同成分进行活性导向分离，经脱脂、水提醇沉、DE-52 阴离子交换树脂分离、乙醇分级，获得 抗炎活性不同的 5 种组分，其中以多糖组分 cDHP-W1 抗炎活性最佳。
（2）理化性质分析表明，cDHP-W1 是一相对分子质量为 24 kDa、主要由 Man 和 Glc 按 1.00 : 8.21 摩尔比所组成的均一多糖，其碳水化合物含量为 97.79%， 特性粘度（ŋ）为 0.7192，并含有 4.3%乙酰基和 1.4%的糖醛酸。高碘酸氧化、FT-IR、GC-MS 及 1D 和 2D NMR 分析揭示，cDHP-W1 的主链由 1,4-linked-Glcp、 1,4-linked-Manp 和 1,4,6-linked-Glcp 所组成，其支链为 T-linked-Glcp。
（3）利用 LPS 诱导的巨噬细胞炎症模型，初步探讨了 cDHP-W1 的抗炎活性及其作用机制。浓度梯度实验表明，cDHP-W1 能够剂量依赖地抑制 LPS 诱导的 NO、PGE2、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 等炎性介质的分泌，当浓度达到 200 μg/mL 时，抑制效果最为显著。LPS 及 cDHP-W1 处理时间实验表明，当 cDHP-W1 预处理时间为 1 h、LPS 处理时间为 24 h 时，cDHP-W1 对 NO、PGE2、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 分泌的 抑制效果最佳。
RT-PCR 分析表明，不同的 LPS 及 cDHP-W1 处理时间下，iNOS、COX-2、 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的表达量各不相同，当 cDHP-W1 预处理时间为 1 h、LPS 处理时间为 12 h 时，cDHP-W1 可显著下调 iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的表达。
Western Blot 分析表明，cDHP-W1 预处理 1 h 可有效抑制 LPS 激发的 p38、 ERK、JNK 的磷酸化和 IκB、p65 的核移位，提示 cDHP-W1 可通过抑制 LPS 激活的由 TLR4 介导的 NF-κB 和 MAPK 信号通路，从而抑制巨噬细胞炎性介质的表达与分泌。
概念图在初中数学教学中的应用
Authors: 孟梦 
Published: 2017
Keywords: 概念图, 初中数学教学, 教学实例, 实验研究
Abstract: 近几年，随着我国初中数学课程改革的实行推进，如何在提高课堂教学效率的同时，又能培养学生各方面的能力，成为教学者越来越关注的问题。根据新《数学课程标准》的要求：“数学学习应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的，有利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理与交流等数学活动，动手实践、自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式”。很多学者提出了小组合作，分层教学等有效的教学手段，并进行研究，撰写了相关文献。然而从小学到初中，数学知识容量增加且变得抽象，加上混合编班，班级人数多，小组合作的实施显得较为困难。
数学知识是呈现出网络结构的，数学概念、定义、算法、法则和定理之间都有一定联系。在教学中如果将数学知识用网络图呈现，则更能突出数学知识间的网络结构特征，这对数学教学也有积极作用。而概念图，可以通过形象直观的方式呈现出思维的过程和知识的关联，这对引导学生进行有意义的建构非常有帮助。所以利用概念图辅助制作教学设计，并且运用于课堂教学，可以提高课堂效率。
本文首先对国内外概念图的相关研究成果和理论基础进行综述，然后结合理论基础对当前初中数学学科教学和教学实例进行分析。并通过实验教学，分析概念图在初中数学教学中的功能和影响，希望从中归纳概念图在数学教学中的应用策略，并进行研究总结。
新创企业动态能力与商业模式创新研究——基于制度环境的调节效应
Authors: 胡涛
Published: 2020
Keywords: 动态能力, 商业模式创新, 制度环境, 新创企业 
Abstract: 伴随着网络经济的兴起，商业模式的概念被企业界所普遍接受，面对复杂和动荡的市场环境，以及日益加重的成本和竞争压力，持续不断地创新商业模式以适应市场变化成为新创企业获取竞争优势的制胜之道。以组织惯性和管理技能为基础的动态能力在企业感知市场机会、整合与重构企业内外部资源中发挥关键作用，帮助企业应对商业环境变化带来的影响，实现商业模式的调整与变革。然而，新创企业进行商业模型创新是一个复杂的演化过程，动态能力影响商业模式创新的机制依旧需要深入研究，动态能力的不同要素在商业模式创新过程中如何发挥作用还值得分析。为此，本文将基于动态能力视角，探究新创企业动态能力不同要素与商业模式创新的关系，并探讨制度环境在此过程中产生的影响。
本文针对新创企业在商业模式创新实践中存在的现实问题和理论研究的不足，提出了动态能力、商业模式创新、制度环境之间关系的框架。根据动态能力理论的观点，本文提出新创企业之所以无法有效地实施商业模式创新，在于大多数企业对于动态能力的认知不足，无法充分利用其具有的动态能力来促进商业模式创新。通过分析机会识别能力、机会利用能力、资源重构能力、风险控制能力这四种动态能力对商业模式创新的影响，本文从理论上揭示了新创企业动态能力与商业模式创新内在联系。同时引入制度环境作为调节变量，将制度理论引入到动态能力理论的框架中，探究企业外部的制度环境如何影响动态能力与商业模式创新的关系。本文利用问卷调研获得的146个企业的样本数据对理论假设进行了实证验证。实证检验结果表明：（1）新创企业动态能力正向影响商业模式创新，且这种正向关系在动态能力的四个维度上均得到体现；（2）新创企业机会识别能力正向影响机会利用能力，机会利用能力在机会识别能力与商业模式创新之间起部分中介作用；（3）新创企业资源重构能力正向影响风险控制能力，风险控制能力在资源重构能力与商业模式创新之间起部分中介作用；（4）新创企业的机会利用能力、资源重构能力、风险控制能力与商业模式创新的关系不受制度环境影响，但制度环境正向调节机会识别能力与商业模式创新的关系。最后，本文基于相关研究结论，分别从新创企业和政府部门两个方面提出了相关建议。
微纳结构铝基高能燃料的制备与燃烧性能
Authors: 姜艾锋 
Published: 2020
Keywords: 球磨法, 铝纳米粒子, 纳米铝热剂, 微纳结构, 润湿性
Abstract: 随着科技的发展，中国航天事业迅速崛起。作为航天领域的“动力来源”，推进剂的选择成为了重中之重，因此推进剂组分的筛选便成为了研究重点。由于火箭推进过程需要较高的能量，因此具有高放热量的金属燃烧剂便被广泛研究。铝粉由于具有耗氧量低、燃烧热高、密度大、原材料丰富、成本较低等优点，在众多金属材料中脱颖而出。目前使用的多为微米铝粉，但微米铝粉有较厚的氧化层，这使得它的燃烧速率和燃烧效率都偏低，甚至还可能带来两相流损失、尾迹热辐射和喷管污染等问题，因此需要对铝粉进行纳米化和掺杂以提高其活性；另外，新制的纳米粒子具有极高的活性，一遇空气或水便立即自燃，因此需要将其表面稳定化以保存其能量；最后为了解决纳米粒子难以和其它组分均匀混合的问题，也需对其粒径、形貌和亲水性进行改善。
首先，利用球磨技术对微米铝粉进行了纳米化研究，通过改变球磨助剂的种类、球磨助剂的添加量、球磨时间以及球料比等参数确定了高活性铝纳米粒子的制备工艺，并通过稳定化处理获得了类球形的、高比表面积的和可快速燃烧的核壳结构纳米粒子。结果表明，球磨时间的长短直接影响铝粉的活性，当球磨时间为14h，制备出的铝粉呈类球形，粒径约为30nm，比表面积超过30m2/g。此外，球磨14h的铝纳米粒子能够实现快速燃烧，产物在12V的电压下即可点燃且在2s内便可达到1000℃以上，而微米铝粉在25V的电压下仍无燃烧迹象。另外，使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A171)对纳米铝粉进行稳定化，相应的产物的热稳定性和疏水性都大大提高。
为了进一步提高铝纳米粒子的燃烧性质，通过向铝纳米粒子中掺杂氧化类物质对其进行改性，分别使用原位球磨法和传统的超声共混法制备出了高活性的Al/Fe2O3纳米铝热剂，并对两组产物的结构和性质进行了对比。结果表明，原位球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂混合的均匀程度更高，而传统的超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂混合的均匀性较差，甚至会出现各自团聚的现象。此外，原位球磨法制备并稳定化的纳米铝热剂的接触角为113.01°，明显大于相应的传统的超声共混法制备产物的接触角(96.54°)，表明原位球磨法所制备的纳米铝热剂更易于保存。通过原位球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂的最优掺杂Fe2O3量为17wt%，产物的氧化速率更快，起始燃烧温度更低，初始燃烧时所需的电压更低(12V)，明显低于传统的超声共混法制备产物的燃烧电压(15V)，并且燃烧火焰更稳定和均匀。
在添加Fe2O3的基础上，又对掺杂FeF3的纳米铝热剂进行了研究，通过原位球磨技术制备了高活性的Al/FeF3纳米铝热剂，通过改变FeF3的添加量确定了Al/FeF3纳米铝热剂的制备工艺。结果表明，掺杂17wt%的FeF3样品最优。产物粒子呈类球形，平均直径为23.2nm，比表面积为26.33m2/g。另外，与未掺杂的铝纳米粒子和掺杂Fe2O3的纳米铝热剂相比，Al/FeF3纳米铝热剂的疏水性几乎没有变化，然而其初始氧化温度更低，燃烧速率更快。说明掺杂氧化类元素能够提高铝纳米粒子的燃烧性能，且所掺杂元素的氧化性越强，其提高铝纳米粒子燃烧性能的效果越明显。
利用自制的溶剂挥发法技术对微纳结构粒子的构造进行了研究，最优的产物粒子呈现球形杨梅状，粒径分布均匀且平均粒径约为10μm。制备的产物不仅保留了纳米铝热剂本身在热稳定性及燃烧方面等优异性质，其疏水角也比相应的纳米铝热剂减少了54.7%(115.12°→52.20°)，大幅度地增加粒子的流动性和润湿性，进而提高了其应用在推进剂组分中的可能性。
城乡结合地区初中生化学元素观的构建
Authors: 马小洪
Published: 2015
Keywords: 化学元素观, 初中化学, 化学基本观念 初中化学教材, 城乡结合地区
Abstract: 笔者经过调查发现城乡结合地区的学生在初中毕业后能够升入普通高中继续学习化学课程的人数比较少；学生的学习兴趣比较低下，缺乏学习热情。大多数学生在初中毕业后只能进入没有开设化学课程的中等职业技术学校学习，意味着上述地区的大多数学生能够学习化学课程的时间只有短短的一年。然而，九年义务教育新课程目标明确要求学生在学习化学课程以后，能够从以化学的眼光认识自然、社会和环境；会利用化学手段和方法解决实际问题。因此，需要在教学过程中帮助学生进行观念的构建，养成从化学的角度分析看待事物的习惯。本文回归教材，从城乡结合地区的学生获取化学知识的主要途径入手，分析化学元素观在初中化学课程中的具体内涵；挖掘元素观在教材具体章节知识中的体现和建构体系；结合教学经验立足于该类地区的实际情况提出具有针对性的帮助学生构建化学元素观的教学方法：
把握初三年龄阶段学生的发展认知规律，以恰当的方式激发学生在学习化学学科方面的兴趣；对教材中较难知识点进行分散处理，由浅入深的进行教学；将元素概念史渗透到教学过程中发挥其价值；在学生已有生活经验之上创设教学情境；充分利用课本中的学生体验活动，消除学生在学习过程中出现的疑惑和枯燥感；充分利用现代化的仿真教学平台构建思维导图，拓展学生的活动空间等。
根据维果茨基的最近发展区理论，设计了人教版九年义务教育化学教材第三单元元素的教学案例，将提出的构建学生元素观的方法应用到教学中。大多数学生通过学习掌握了教材中元素的概念；能够快速的区分元素和原子；会利用元素符号表示常见的元素；理解了元素符号的意义；会利用元素周期表查找指定元素的信息；能够在教师的引导下梳理本课题的知识框架并画出思维导图；会从元素的角度分析看待事物。实现了教学目标的达成与元素观构建相结合，学生在跳一跳够的着的状态下轻松愉快的学习，达到教学要求的同时实现了观念的转变和构建，科学素养在一定程度上得到了提升。
课例研究促进幼儿教师教学能力发展的个案研究
Authors: 陈志玲
Published: 2018
Keywords: 课例研究, 幼儿教师, 教学能力 
Abstract: 幼儿教师教学能力是决定幼儿教育教学活动有效的关键因素，不仅关系到幼儿教师自身专业发展，还关系到幼儿的学习与发展。经研究表明，课例研究是基于真实课堂教学，在有效教学理念下对教师行为有效地研究，帮助教师达成专业成长的目标。然而，在当下幼儿园的课例研究中，对课例研究价值大都围绕促进幼儿教师专业成长，《幼儿教师专业标准（试行）》中的教师各种能力是怎样发展的？哪些能力可以较快发展起来？哪些能力需要时间的延续？在课例研究中都比较笼统。因此，当下幼儿园课例研究需要寻找新的突破口，解决幼儿教师教学能力的发展问题。
本研究从课例研究的视角研究幼儿教师教学能力发展的变化过程，采用个案研究法。描述了“体验式”课例下突破教师活动准备能力、“参与式”课例下提高教师活动实施能力、“换位式”课例下整合教师教学能力的课例研究过程。之后，研究结合《幼儿教师教学能力评价表》对六名幼儿教师活动准备能力、活动实施能力以及活动总结能力进行分组前、后测，验证课例成效。
本研究在对课例研究的解读过程中，结合测查法，对教研组教师和非教研组教师进行的独立样本T检验和配对样本T检验，结果分析得出：课例研究中幼儿教师教学能力从整体上都得到了较大发展。还发现，课例研究中幼儿教师教学能力发展机制是课例研讨具体情境中问题引发幼儿教师关于目标和设计的认知冲突，基于专业共同体下形成以学为中心，在诊断、反思的作用下相互促进、相互融合，最终实现幼儿教师教学能力的发展。
Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务营销策略研究
Authors: 周璐
Published: 2019
Keywords: 银医合作, 产品定位, 营销策略
Abstract: 随着利率市场化改革的不断加深，各项信息化技术的不断发展，市场竞争的急速加剧，商业银行与各单位的合作模式趋向专业化，服务内容精细化，因此，为了有效地营销医疗单位，各家商业银行也针对性地推出了专业化的银医合作模式。所谓的银医合作，指的是银行与医院行业，在互联网高速发展的情况下，利用不断成熟的互联网技术和支付技术，结合银行的金融领域的业务，从而赢得医院的公司业务受理权限，推广自身金融产品，拓宽银行客户群，为医院提供更加快捷、安全的结算方式和专业化的金融服务，最终获得双赢的合作模式。
随着人口环境的压力不断增大，老百姓对医疗水平的要求不断提升，就医难的问题也愈发突出，因此我国卫生部提出“三好一满意”活动的分解指标，即“服务好、质量好、医德好，群众满意”活动，并在全国各级医疗机构开展。因此，通过银医合作模式的升级带动就诊模式的技术改造，对实现各级医疗单位就诊结算流程的整合、提升民生医疗服务质量和效率，达成“三好一满意”的民生建设目标，具有重要意义。
虽然ｚ银行安徽分行目前已经意识到了营销策略在银医合作业务中的重要性，并通过营销环境评估、产品设计等方面做了许多工作，但就营销的结果来看，仍然存在银医合作模式单一、产品服务同质化严重、缺乏有效的营销渠道、服务质量下降、过程管理流程复杂、物质环境不满足需求等问题。
本文通过对ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务进行详细分析，了解安徽银医市场的竞争情况和客户对银医业务服务、技术的需求，设计符合顾客导向的营销战略，创造新的合作契机。再结合Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务一直以来发展的营销优势，修正目前存在的营销劣势，识别和定位目标市场，通过差异化的银医合作服务新模式，形成竞争优势和品牌效应，最终通过创新的产品战略和多渠道的营销传播组合，达到营销目标。
本文的第一章将对论文的研究背景、国内发展现状、研究目的和意义、研究思路和方法、研究创新点进行了阐述，了解当前ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务的发展现状和研究其营销策略的重要性；第二章详细介绍了本论文应用的相关理论基础；第三章运用７Ｐ营销理论对Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务的基本情况进行了介绍，分析了其存在的营销问题和产生问题的原因；第四章通过ＰＥＳＴ分析对Ｚ银行安徽分行银医合作业务服务的营销宏观环境进行了分析，并对其在安徽银医市场上的竞争者情况和客户需求进行了详细分析，再通过ＳＷＯＴ分析方法，了解Ｚ银行安徽分行在银医业务服务的优缺点；第五章通过综合分析的结论有针对性地对Ｚ银行安徽分行银医业务服务提出营销策略建议，分别对产品策略、价格策略、促销策略、渠道策略、人员策略、过程管理策略、有形展示策略一一进行阐述，同时对如何保证以上策略的实施提出了保障性建议。以实现稳定和发展Ｚ银行安徽分行在银医业务服务的营销目标。
配料秤在包钢烧结厂的应用
Authors: 郝建军
Published: 1999
Keywords: 配料秤, 标定, 应用, 烧结, 配料
Abstract: 论述了烧结配料过程中的检测技术，标定的方法及自动配料的方式，并对现有的问题进行了说明。
码域滤波的基本原理
Authors: 王艺, 赵明, 杜志敏, 吴伟陵
Published: 2001
Keywords: 信号处理, 多用户检测, 码变换阵, 离散码变换对
Abstract: 本文基于DS-CDMA系统中的线性多用户检测提出了码变换、离散码变换时的概念，主要阐述了时域滤波的基本原理，指出线性多用户检测是一种码/时域滤波，但有关码变换的研究仍有待深入。
单线自动循环脱挂式厢式客运索道的维修
Authors: 方旭东
Published: 2001
Keywords: 单线循环脱挂式, DOPPELMAYR, 故障, 维修
Abstract: 本文详细介绍了黄山玉屏索道——从奥地利DOPPELMAYR公司引进的单线循环脱挂式厢式客动索道自投入运行以来所碰到的各种故障，以及为排除这些故障所采取的技术措施。可供同类索道从事设备维修的人员参考。
How Maya Archaeologists Discovered the 99% Through the Study of Settlement Patterns
Authors: Jeremy A. Sabloff
Published: 2019
Keywords: Maya, archaeology, settlement patterns, elite, commoners, landscapes
Abstract:  Thisarticle presents an autobiographical perspective on the changing nature of Maya archaeology, focusing on the role of settlement pattern studies in illuminating the lives of commoners as well as onthetraditional emphasis on the ruling elite. Advances in understanding the nature of nonelite peoples in ancient Maya society are discussed,as are the many current gaps in scholarly understandings of pre-Columbian Maya civilization, especially with regard to the diversity of ancient “commoners”and the difficulty in analyzing them as a single group
Causality in Thought
Authors: Steven A. Sloman, David Lagnado
Published: 2014
Keywords: causal reasoning, causal judgment, causal decision making, causal attribution
Abstract:  Causal knowledge plays a crucial role in human thought, but the nature of causal representation and inference remains a puzzle. Can human causal inference be captured by relations of probabilistic dependency, or does it drawonricherformsofrepresentation?Thisarticleexploresthisquestionby reviewingresearchinreasoning,decisionmaking,variousformsofjudgment, and attribution. We endorse causal Bayesian networks as the best normative framework and as a productive guide to theory building. However, it is incomplete as an account of causal thinking. On the basis of a range of experimentalwork,weidentifythreehallmarksofcausalreasoning—therole of mechanism, narrative, and mental simulation—all of which go beyond mere probabilistic knowledge. We propose that the hallmarks are closely related. Mental simulations are representations over time of mechanisms. When multiple actors are involved, these simulations are aggregated into narratives
The Evolving Understanding of Dopamine Neurons in the Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Stephanie C. Gantz, Christopher P. Ford, Hitoshi Morikawa, John T. Williams
Published: 2017
Keywords: pacemaker, bursting, synaptic transmission, dendritic transmission, intrinsic properties, plasticity
Abstract:  Inrecentyears, thepopulationofneurons intheventral tegmental area (VTA)andsubstantianigra(SN)hasbeenexaminedatmultiplelevels.The resultsindicatethattheprojections,neurochemistry,andreceptorandion channelexpressioninthiscellpopulationvarywidely.Thisreviewcenters ontheintrinsicpropertiesandsynapticregulationthatcontroltheactivity ofdopamineneurons.Althoughalldopamineneuronsfireactionpotentials inapacemakerpatternintheabsenceofsynapticinput,theintrinsicprop ertiesthatunderliethisactivitydifferconsiderably.Likewise,thetransition intoaburst/pausepatternresults fromcombinationsof intrinsicioncon ductances, inhibitoryandexcitatorysynapticinputsthatdifferamongthis cellpopulation.Finally,synapticplasticityisakeyregulatoroftherateand patternofactivityindifferentgroupsofdopamineneurons.Throughthese fundamentalproperties, theactivityofdopamineneuronsisregulatedand underliesthewide-rangingfunctionsthathavebeenattributedtodopamine.
Consistent Individual Behavioral Variation: What Do We Know and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Kate L. Laskowski, Chia-Chen Chang, Kirsten Sheehy, Jonathan Aguiñaga
Published: 2022
Keywords: animal personality, behavioral syndromes, temperament, coping styles
Abstract: The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and evolution. Considerable theoretical work has developed predictions about its ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences, and studies testing these theories continue to grow. Here, we synthesize the current empirical work to shed light on which theories are well supported and which need further refinement. We find that the major frameworks explaining the existence of individual behavioral variation, the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis and state-dependent feedbacks models, have mixed support. The consequences of individual behavioral variation are well studied at the individual level but less is known about consequences at higher levels such as among species and communities. The focus of this review is to reevaluate and reestablish the foundation of individual behavioral variation research: What do we know? What questions remain? And where are we going next?
Capital Flows and Leverage
Authors: Sebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Jun Hee Kwak
Published: 2020
Keywords: capital flows, leverage, intermediation, banking flows, corporate debt
Abstract:  This article surveys the literature on capital flows and leverage. We summa rize results from the existing papers and document new facts. The empirical literature takes both a macro and a micro approach.The macroapproachfo cuses on aggregate data both over time and in the cross-section of countries, andit documentsapositivecorrelation between total capital flows,build-ups in terms of external and domestic debt to GDP ratio, and financial crises. The micro approach uses granular data and focuses on leverage at the firm and bank level and associates this leverage with country-level capital flows and related exchange rate movements. We document new facts from a hy brid approach that focuses on the relationship between sector-level capital f lows and sectoral leverage. We highlight the interconnections between dif ferent approaches and argue that harmonization of the macro and micro approaches can yield a more complete understanding of the effect of capital f lowsoncountry-,sector-,and firm- and bank-level leverage associated with credit booms and busts
One-Carbon Metabolism: Linking Nutritional Biochemistry to Epigenetic Programming of Long-Term Development
Authors: Constance E. Clare, Amey H. Brassington, Wing Yee Kwong, Kevin D. Sinclair
Published: 2018
Keywords:  folate, vitamin B12, epigenetics, genetic variants, DNA methylation, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, assisted reproduction
Abstract:  One-carbon (1C) metabolism comprises a series of interlinking metabolic pathways that include the methionine and folate cycles that are central to cellular function, providing 1C units (methyl groups) for the synthe sis of DNA, polyamines, amino acids, creatine, and phospholipids. S adenosylmethionine is a potent aminopropyl and methyl donor within these cycles and serves as the principal substrate for methylation of DNA, asso ciated proteins, and RNA. We propose that 1C metabolism functions as a key biochemical conduit between parental environment and epigenetic reg ulation of early development and that interindividual and ethnic variability in epigenetic-gene regulation arises because of genetic variants within 1C genes, associated epigenetic regulators, and differentially methylated tar get DNA sequences. We present evidence to support these propositions, drawing upon studies undertaken in humans and animals. We conclude that future studies should assess the epigenetic effects of cumulative (multigener ational) dietary imbalances contemporaneouslyinbothparents,asthisbetter represents the human experience
Energy transition and the role of system integration of the energy, water and environmental systems
Authors: Hrvoje Mikulčić, Jakov Baleta, Jiří Jaromír Klemes, Xuebin Wang
Published: 2021
Keywords: Energy transition, Decarbonisation, Sustainability, System integration, Climate change
Abstract: Time is running out, while it is becoming obvious that many countries may fail to meet Paris Agreement goals. More intensive efforts should be invested with a strong emphasis on emissions decarbonisation of all sectors and energy transition towards more renewable energy sources. This work provides an overview of the impact of the energy transition on the environment, energy and water systems and the need for integration of these systems. Reduction of carbon-related emissions has been identified as the common topic through reliance on the circular economy concept, taking into account the economic dimension in an attempt to decouple economic growth from emissions. Advanced control concepts, mathematical modelling and integration of renewable energy sources with carbon capture and storage and sewage sludge treatment can be recognised as dominant topics through the recognition that energy transition offers a solution to emission problem, but raises further challenges by introducing disbalance between supply and demand side of energy systems. It is expected that present contribution will identify dominant trends under the common divisor of the energy transition and foster discussion among the experts for future studies.
Development of low-cost air quality stations for next-generation monitoring networks: calibration and validation of NO₂ and O₃ sensors
Authors: Alice Cavaliere, Lorenzo Brilli, Bianca Patrizia Andreini, Federico Carotenuto, Beniamino Gioli, Tommaso Giordano, Marco Stefanelli, Carolina Vagnoli, Alessandro Zaldei, and Giovanni Gualtieri
Published: 2023
Abstract: A pre-deployment calibration and a field validation of two low-cost (LC) stations equipped with O₃ and NO₂ metal oxide sensors were addressed. Pre-deployment calibration was performed after developing and implementing a comprehensive calibration framework including several supervised learning models, such as univariate linear and non-linear algorithms, and multiple linear and non-linear algorithms. Univariate linear models included linear and robust regression, while univariate non-linear models included a support vector machine, random forest, and gradient boosting. Multiple models consisted of both parametric and non-parametric algorithms. Internal temperature, relative humidity, and gaseous interference compounds proved to be the most suitable predictors for multiple models, as they helped effectively mitigate the impact of environmental conditions and pollutant cross-sensitivity on sensor accuracy. A feature analysis, implementing dominance analysis, feature permutations, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations method, was also performed to provide further insight into the role played by each individual predictor and its impact on sensor performances. This study demonstrated that while multiple random forest (MRF) returned a higher accuracy than multiple linear regression (MLR), it did not accurately represent physical models beyond the pre-deployment calibration dataset, so a linear approach may overall be a more suitable solution. Furthermore, as well as being less computationally demanding and generally more suitable for non-experts, parametric models such as MLR have a defined equation that also includes a few parameters, which allows easy adjustments for possible changes over time. Thus, drift correction or periodic automatable recalibration operations can be easily scheduled, which is particularly relevant for NO₂ and O₃ metal oxide sensors. As demonstrated in this study, they performed well with the same linear model form but required unique parameter values due to intersensor variability.