Database: scholar
Question: How many papers does Samuel Madden publish outside of PVLDB area ?
SQL:
SELECT DISTINCT COUNT ( DISTINCT t3.paperid ) FROM venue AS t4 JOIN paper AS t3 ON t4.venueid  =  t3.venueid JOIN writes AS t2 ON t2.paperid  =  t3.paperid JOIN author AS t1 ON t2.authorid  =  t1.authorid WHERE t1.authorname  =  "Samuel Madden" AND t4.venuename != "PVLDB";