Database: aan_1
Question: Count the number of papers Columbia University had during or prior to 2009 .
SQL:
select count(distinct t1.paper_id) from paper as t1 join author_list as t2 on t1.paper_id  =  t2.paper_id join affiliation as t3 on t2.affiliation_id  =  t3.affiliation_id where t1.year  <=  2009 and t3.name = "columbia university"