Database: aan_1
Question: How many papers does Columbia University have in or before 2009 ?
SQL:
select count(distinct t1.paper_id) from paper as t1 join author_list as t2 on t1.paper_id  =  t2.paper_id join affiliation as t3 on t2.affiliation_id  =  t3.affiliation_id where t1.year  <=  2009 and t3.name = "columbia university"